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Q:
Number theory / Group theory: consecutive integers divisible by at least n prime numbers
Claim:
There exist 15,251 successive positive integers $a_1, a_2\dots,a_{15251}$ such that
each $a_i$ where ($1\le i\le 15251$) is divisible by at least 251 different prime numbers
Is there a neat way to prove the above claim? All help is greatly appreciated.
A:
Use the Chinese Remainder Theorem. A good system of congruences is
$x\equiv 0 \pmod{m_0}$
$x\equiv -1\pmod{m_1}$
$x\equiv -2\pmod{m_2}$
and so on up to
$x\equiv -15250\pmod{m_{15250}}$
for pairwise relatively prime $m_i$ chosen so that the divisibility by lots of primes is satisfied.
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Just as it’s intriguing to wonder how Iain M Banks’s career might have panned out had he first found fame for the Culture rather than as a literary novelist, Stephen King’s Dark Tower novels offer an interesting question. Specifically, would readers be so interested if King hadn’t first written Carrie ?
One answer is to say yes, King is such a fine storyteller that of course he would have broken through. But a lingering doubt remains because, even from the perspective of an era of high-concept mash-ups such as Cowboys & Aliens , the Dark Tower books are just so downright odd in the way they meld together elements of quest-narrative fantasy, the (spaghetti) Western, SF and horror. These are novels that aim for a mass readership, yet appear to have been written by a man approaching the mainstream from a tangent.
What is consistent with King’s more obviously commercial work is the style and tone. Like John Steinbeck, he’s an unfussy writer whose voice is rooted equally in the rhythms of everyday speech and the mythic made manifest in everyday life. Indeed, reading King, you often sense the presence of the dustbowl America of The Grapes Of Wrath .
That’s certainly true of The Wind Through The Keyhole , filled as much of it is with near-desolate rural communities and families facing troubles (which makes the book sound far less fun than it is). Chronologically, it’s set between the fourth and fifth volumes of the Dark Tower sequence, Wizard And Glass and Wolves Of The Calla , yet as King’s foreword makes clear, it can still be read as a standalone novel.
Or perhaps three novellas might be a better description. In the story that frames the novel, Dark Tower protagonist Roland Deschain, Mid-World’s last gunslinger and a cowboy-cum-knight errant, hunkers down with his crew to avoid being battered by a storm or “starkblast”. To pass the time, Deschain tells a story of his own young manhood, which in turn involves his younger self relating another tale to a traumatised lad, Billy, who has encountered a shape-shifting “skin-man”. Well, as Deschain says, “A person’s never too old for stories.”
However, you can be too young for certain stories, and for all that a recurring theme in Keyhole is the callow learning about the world, this isn’t kids’ stuff. Rather, this is a book that finds King exploring fairytales and other familiar stories as a way, you’d guess, to connect with the power of narratives that have roots deep in our shared culture.
In the third tale, for example, we’re offered a journey into an eldritch forest, a Grimm place. Other touchpoints include Narnia and Arthurian myth. Even individual characters straddle mythologies: supernatural tax gatherer the Covenant Man variously recalls both the trickster Green Man and the related archetype of the wandering Devil in search of souls to snag. Believe us, he’ll haunt your dreams.
Which is of course what so often happens when you encounter the characters from a King novel. That’s not to say Keyhole is up there with his very best work, but even a comparatively minor King novel has a sparse elegance that most novelists never achieve in a whole career. Put it down to that insistent, economical and wholly distinctive authorial voice.
Jonathan Wright
Read more features, news stories and reviews to do with Stephen King .
Read more of our book reviews . | https://www.gamesradar.com/the-wind-through-the-keyhole-review/ |
The Advanced Diploma is designed to provide the skills and knowledge required of an internal communication professional who is in, or is looking to move into, a business partner or managerial position. Gaining a qualification via the IoIC demonstrates not only professional capability but dedication to your internal communication career and professional development.
|By completing the Advanced Diploma, students will:||Additional benefits include:|
|Be equipped to deliver internal communication of a high standard, as per the expectations of a practitioner at level two of the IoIC profession map||Establishing a practice of reflective thinking, leading to an enhanced ability to think critically and articulate ideas clearly, and using academic writing techniques to build ability to draw on ideas to support an argument|
|Intergrate theory with their professional practice and use it to underpin decision making||Taking a pro-active, tailored approach to professional development and continuous learning, informed by the framework of the IoIC profession map|
|Develop reflective and critical thinking skills||Working closely with our diploma facilitator who provides one-to-one support and guidance throughout your studies and learning from internal communication industry experts|
|Advance their internal communication knowledge and skills relevant to their personal circumstances and objectives||Gaining access to Solent University's online library and portal as well as IoIC's dedicated online learning environment where you will engage in discussions and other activities with your fellow students|
To find out about the entry criteria of the Advanced Diploma, click here. | https://www.ioic.org.uk/frontpage/the-benefits-3 |
PATH is an international organization that drives transformative innovation to save lives and improve health, especially among women and children. We accelerate innovation across five platforms—vaccines, drugs, diagnostics, devices, and system and service innovations—that harness our entrepreneurial insight, scientific and public health expertise, and passion for health equity.
PATH is implementing “Communities for Healthy Hearts” to improve hypertension management and control in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The project will increase access to and use of high-quality hypertension services that are sustainable and scalable through the engagement of social enterprise and public and private healthcare providers at the community level.
We are hiring a highly-capable Technical Manager to join our PATH office in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to take all technical lead to provide overall technical direction, management, monitoring and evaluation of the project implementation.
Responsibilities:
- Serve as a technical lead to provide overall technical direction, management, monitoring and evaluation of the project implementation.
- Guide, develop the project workplan and budgets in the responsible area; and oversee, coordinate, execute, monitor and evaluate the implementation of a community based hypertension model from screening, referral, diagnosis, treatment and hypertension management.
- Design, provide and oversee training activities and guidelines to ensure that health care worker training, standard operating procedures and other technical tools are of quality, and developed with inputs from cardio-vascular disease and hypertension specialists.
- Establish a strong mentoring and supportive supervision system for health care workers engaged in hypertension diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
- Oversee development of health care worker and patient training and tools that enable patient-centered chronic disease management. These include training in developing and implementing patient-centered care plans, treatment adherence and self-care counseling, and case management for hypertension patients.
- Test and document new innovations aimed at improving hypertension diagnosis, treatment and adherence.
- Manage and oversee consultants and subcontractors involved in implement technical work related to hypertension screening, referral and treatment activities.
- Provide technical inputs and assistance for communication strategies, activities and Behavior Change Campaign
- Work with the Communications Manager and Project Director to document key project lessons learned and success stories
- Supervise other team members (as required)
- Other tasks as required by the Project Director.
Required skills and experience:
- An advanced degree in medicine, public health, or related fields.
- At least five years’ experience working in medicine and/or public health.
- At least two - three years’ experience in working in the health facilities/hospital settings.
- Project implementation and execution skills.
- Understanding of the Vietnam healthcare system and implementation of public health programs in both healthcare/hospitals and community settings. Understanding of non-communicable diseases and chronic disease management in low and middle-income settings is ideal and preferred.
- Experience in private sector is desirable.
- Excellent English language skills
- Having project implementation and execution skills
PATH offers a highly dynamic work environment, local benefit package and competitive compensation paid in local currency. All applications are made online. For a full job description and to apply on, please visit the job sections of PATH website (http://bit.ly/2rzuCNG). Deadline for applications: August 15th, 2017. | https://ngocentre.org.vn/jobs/technical-manager-1 |
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a particle sorting apparatus and a method of aligning a flow cell.
BACKGROUND ART
Due to progress in biotechnology, in various fields including medical science and biology, a demand has been increased for an apparatus that performs a process such as sorting or analysis on a multiplicity of cell particles, which are exemplary biological particles. As one example of such an apparatus, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2017-201278 (PTL 1) discloses a cell sorter.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
PTL 1: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2017-201278
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
An object of the present invention is to provide a particle sorting apparatus and a method of aligning a flow cell, by each of which the flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
Solution to Problem
Advantageous Effects of Invention
A particle sorting apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a flow cell including a flow channel; an imaging element; a light intensity detector; a moving mechanism; and a controller. The imaging element obtains an image regarding a flow axis of the flow channel. The light intensity detector detects an intensity of light emitted from a light emitting object included in a liquid flowing in the flow channel. The moving mechanism moves the flow cell. The controller controls the moving mechanism. The controller performs a coarse adjustment onto a position of the flow cell based on the image regarding the flow axis of the flow channel while controlling the moving mechanism to continuously move the flow cell at a first speed. The controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of the flow cell to allow a first intensity of first light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, while controlling the moving mechanism to move the flow cell at a second speed that is lower than the first speed, the first intensity of the first light being detected by the light intensity detector.
A method of aligning a flow cell according to one aspect of the present invention includes a coarse adjustment step and a final adjustment step. In the coarse adjustment step, a coarse adjustment is performed onto a position of the flow cell based on an image regarding a flow axis of a flow channel of the flow cell while continuously moving the flow cell at a first speed. In the final adjustment step, after the coarse adjustment step, a final adjustment is performed onto the position of the flow cell to allow a first intensity of first light emitted from a light emitting object included in a liquid flowing in the flow channel to be maximum, while moving the flow cell at a second speed that is lower than the first speed.
According to the particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning the flow cell in the present invention, the flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a schematic cross sectional view of a particle sorting apparatus according to each of first and third embodiments.
FIG. 2
is a schematic partial enlarged cross sectional view of the particle sorting apparatus according to each of first to fourth embodiments.
FIG. 3
is a schematic diagram showing an optical system included in the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the first and third embodiments.
FIG. 4
is a schematic partial enlarged view of a sorting unit and a sample collection unit included in the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the first to fourth embodiments.
FIG. 5
is a control block diagram of the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the first and third embodiments.
FIG. 6
is a diagram showing a flowchart of a method of aligning a flow cell according to each of the first and second embodiments.
FIG. 7
is a schematic cross sectional view of the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the second and fourth embodiments.
FIG. 8
is a schematic diagram showing an optical system included in the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the second and fourth embodiments.
FIG. 9
is a control block diagram of the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the second and fourth embodiments.
FIG. 10
is a diagram showing an exemplary image of a flow channel obtained by an imaging element of the particle sorting apparatus according to each of the second and fourth embodiments.
FIG. 11
is a diagram showing a flowchart of a method of aligning a flow cell according to each of the third and fourth embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
First Embodiment
Second Embodiment
Third Embodiment
Fourth Embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the same configurations are denoted by the same reference characters, and will not be described repeatedly.
FIG. 1
FIG. 5
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With reference to to , the following describes a particle sorting apparatus according to a first embodiment.
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Particle sorting apparatus mainly includes a flow chamber , a vibration electrode , a vibration element , a charge supply unit , a moving mechanism , a detection optical system , a light intensity detector , a sorting unit , a collection unit , an imaging element , a controller , a storage unit , a base , and a wall .
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Wall is fixed to base . Flow chamber , sorting unit , and collection unit are disposed at one side relative to wall . Vibration element , moving mechanism , detection optical system , light intensity detector , imaging element , and controller are disposed at the other side relative to wall .
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Flow chamber includes a chamber and a flow cell .
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A cavity is provided inside chamber . A first conduit connected to a first tank is inserted in cavity of chamber . When sorting particles using particle sorting apparatus , a sample liquid including particles is stored in first tank . Particles are sample particles, such as biological particles (cells or chromosomes) labeled with fluorescent materials such as a fluorescent dye and a fluorescent antibody. In the case of aligning flow cell , each of particles is a fluorescent bead (such as SPHERO (™) Rainbow Calibration Particles RCP-30-5), for example. A second conduit connected to a second tank is inserted in cavity of chamber . Second tank stores a sheath liquid.
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The sheath liquid stored in second tank is supplied to cavity of chamber through second conduit . The liquid stored in first tank and including light emitting objects is supplied to cavity of chamber through first conduit . The light emitting objects are particles such as sample particles or fluorescent beads, for example. The liquid including the light emitting objects is supplied into cavity of chamber filled with the sheath liquid. In cavity of chamber , the liquid including the light emitting objects is enclosed with the sheath liquid, thereby forming a sheath flow.
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Flow cell is attached to chamber . Flow cell may be detachably coupled to chamber . Flow cell includes a flow cell body portion . Flow cell body portion is composed of a material (for example, a transparent inorganic material such as quartz, or a transparent resin material) transparent to laser light , fluorescence , side-scattered light , and forward-scattered light (see ). Fluorescence and side-scattered light are emitted from the light emitting objects (for example, particles such as the sample particles or the fluorescent beads) irradiated with laser light .
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A flow channel is provided in flow cell body portion . A nozzle receiving portion communicating with flow channel is provided in flow cell body portion . Flow channel communicates with cavity of chamber . The sheath flow flows from cavity to flow channel of flow cell . In flow channel , particles included in the sheath flow are arranged in one line along a flow axis (center axis) of flow channel . Flow axis of flow channel extends in a first direction (z direction). Flow cell includes a nozzle . A portion of nozzle is received in nozzle receiving portion .
FIG. 3
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As shown in , each of particles arranged in one line within flow channel is irradiated with laser light from light source unit . Laser light may include laser light having a plurality of wavelengths. Specifically, light source unit includes lasers , . The wavelength of the laser light emitted by laser and the wavelength of the laser light emitted by laser are different from each other. Each of particles flowing in flow channel is irradiated with laser light emitted from light source unit , via a light wavelength combining unit . Laser light travels along a third direction (y direction) perpendicular to the first direction (z direction) and a second direction (x direction) and enters flow channel . Light wavelength combining unit includes a dichroic mirror, for example. Fluorescence , forward-scattered light , and side-scattered light are emitted from particle . With laser light including the light having the plurality of wavelengths, a plurality of pieces of identification information of each particle can be obtained at one time. Particle can be sorted efficiently.
FIG. 1
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As shown in , detection optical system faces flow cell (a side surface of flow cell body portion ) with a transparent window member being interposed therebetween. Transparent window member is fitted in an opening of wall . Fluorescence and side-scattered light enter detection optical system through transparent window member . Detection optical system guides fluorescence and side-scattered light to light intensity detector .
FIGS. 1 and 3
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As shown in , detection optical system includes a detection side lens optical system , an optical fiber array , and a wavelength division unit . Detection side lens optical system images fluorescence and side-scattered light on an incident surface of optical fiber array with low chromatic aberration and low image aberration. Optical fiber array is disposed between detection side lens optical system and wavelength division unit . Optical fiber array includes a plurality of optical fibers , . The plurality of optical fibers , are disposed to correspond to the plurality of lasers , , respectively. Optical fiber array transmits fluorescence and side-scattered light to light intensity detector (first light detectors to and a third light detector ).
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Wavelength division unit , which is disposed between optical fiber array and light intensity detector (specifically, first light detectors to and third light detector ), divides fluorescence and side-scattered light . Wavelength division unit includes dichroic mirrors , , , , and wavelength filters , , , , , , . Each of dichroic mirrors to reflects and permits passage of corresponding ones of beams of light in different wavelength regions. Each of wavelength filters to permits passage of a corresponding one of beams of light in different wavelength regions and blocks beams of light in the other wavelength regions. Wavelength filters to allow for improved detection precision for fluorescence in first light detectors to Wavelength filter permits passage of side-scattered light and blocks fluorescence . Wavelength filter allows for improved detection precision for side-scattered light in third light detector .
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Light intensity detector detects an intensity of light emitted from a light emitting object included in the liquid flowing in flow channel . Specifically, light intensity detector includes first light detectors to , second light detector , and third light detector . Each of first light detectors to measures an intensity of fluorescence emitted from the light emitting object. Second light detector measures an intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the light emitting object. Third light detector measures an intensity of side-scattered light emitted from the light emitting object. Each of first light detectors to , second light detector , and third light detector is a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a photodiode, for example. Identification information of particle is obtained by controller analyzing at least one of the intensity of fluorescence , the intensity of forward-scattered light , or the intensity of side-scattered light , each of which is detected by light intensity detector .
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Wavelength filter is disposed between flow cell (flow cell body portion ) and second light detector . Wavelength filter permits passage of beams of light in a wavelength region including the wavelength of forward-scattered light , and blocks beams of light in the other wavelength regions. Wavelength filter allows for improved detection precision for forward-scattered light in second light detector .
FIGS. 1 and 2
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As shown in , vibration electrode extends from cavity of chamber to outside of chamber . Vibration electrode extends through opening of wall to pass through wall . Vibration electrode includes a vibration electrode portion and an electrically conductive portion . Vibration electrode portion has a plurality of protrusions fitted in a plurality of recesses of electrically conductive portion , and is therefore electrically and mechanically connected to electrically conductive portion . Vibration electrode portion can be positioned relative to electrically conductive portion .
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Vibration electrode portion is provided in chamber . Vibration electrode portion extends from cavity of chamber to the outside of chamber . An end surface of vibration electrode portion is exposed to cavity of chamber . End surface of vibration electrode portion is smoothly continuous to a surface defined by cavity of chamber . The sheath flow in cavity of chamber can be prevented from being disturbed by end surface of vibration electrode portion .
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Electrically conductive portion is inserted in opening of wall , and is therefore attached to wall . Electrically conductive portion extends through opening to pass through wall . Specifically, electrically conductive portion is received in an insulation sleeve . Insulation sleeve is inserted in a hole of a sealing member . Sealing member is inserted in opening . Sealing member is an elastic seal such as a rubber seal, for example. Sealing member can be deformed elastically.
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Vibration electrode portion is detachably connected to electrically conductive portion . Accordingly, flow chamber can be attached to and detached from wall . Used flow chamber can be readily exchanged with a flow chamber sterilized by applying radiation or heat.
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Vibration element is connected to vibration electrode . Specifically, vibration element is coupled to electrically conductive portion . Vibration element has a ring shape, and electrically conductive portion is fitted in the hole of vibration element . Ultrasonic vibrations of vibration element are transmitted to the sheath flow in cavity of chamber via vibration electrode . Vibration element is a piezoelectric element, for example. A jet flow is sent out from nozzle . The vibrations generated in vibration element are transmitted to jet flow . Accordingly, jet flow is broken off into a droplet at break-off point , which is a lower end portion of jet flow . Each of droplets includes one particle .
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Charge supply unit is connected to electrically conductive portion . Charge supply unit supplies charges corresponding to the identification information of particle included in droplet , to droplet via vibration electrode , the sheath flow, and jet flow . Specifically, charge supply unit changes the polarity and amount of charges to be supplied to droplet in accordance with the identification information of particle included in droplet .
FIG. 4
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As shown in , sorting unit is a deflector that changes a falling direction of a droplet . Sorting unit is attached to wall . Specifically, sorting unit includes a pair of deflection electrodes , . By applying voltage between deflection electrodes , , an electric field is formed between deflection electrodes , . Each droplet supplied with the charges from charge supply unit receives force by the electric field between deflection electrodes , . Depending on the polarity and amount of charges supplied to droplet , the falling direction of droplet is changed.
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Collection unit includes a plurality of sample collection members and a waste-liquid collection member . Collection unit further includes a holder that holds the plurality of sample collection members and waste-liquid collection member . Holder is attached to wall . Droplets having falling directions changed in sorting unit are collected in corresponding sample collection members . In this way, particles included in droplets can be sorted in accordance with respective pieces of identification information of particles . An unnecessary droplet is collected in waste-liquid collection member .
FIG. 1
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Referring to , moving mechanism moves flow cell . Moving mechanism is, for example, a triaxial moving mechanism, and can move flow channel in the first direction (z direction), the second direction (x direction), and the third direction (y direction). Moving mechanism is attached to wall via fixing member . Moving mechanism is coupled to vibration electrode (electrically conductive portion ) via a movable member . Vibration electrode (electrically conductive portion ) can be moved within a range in which sealing member can be deformed. Moving mechanism moves movable member and vibration electrode to move flow chamber . Flow cell attached to flow chamber can be moved by moving mechanism .
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Imaging element faces transparent window member fitted in opening of wall . Imaging element obtains an image regarding flow axis of flow channel . Imaging element is not limited particularly and is a CCD camera or a CMOS camera, for example. The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is an image of liquid (for example, jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell , for example. Since flow axis of flow channel is coaxial with the flow axis of the liquid flowing out of flow cell , the image of the liquid flowing out of flow cell is an exemplary image regarding flow axis of flow channel . The image of the liquid flowing out of flow cell may include an image of break-off point of the liquid flowing out of flow cell . Flow channel and flow axis thereof extend in the first direction (z direction).
FIG. 5
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As shown in , controller is communicatively connected to vibration element , charge supply unit , moving mechanism , light intensity detector (first light detectors to , second light detector , and third light detector ), deflection electrodes , , imaging element , and storage unit .
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Storage unit is a hard disk or a semiconductor memory, for example. In storage unit , information is stored such as: a first speed; a second speed; the intensity of fluorescence measured by each of first light detectors to ; the intensity of forward-scattered light measured by second light detector ; the intensity of side-scattered light measured by third light detector ; and the image regarding flow axis of flow channel and obtained by imaging element , for example. Controller sends these pieces of information to storage unit and reads them from storage unit .
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Controller is a processor such as a CPU, for example. Controller receives the intensity of fluorescence measured by each of first light detectors to . Controller receives the intensity of forward-scattered light measured by second light detector . Controller receives the intensity of side-scattered light measured by third light detector . Controller obtains the identification information of particle by analyzing at least one of the intensity of fluorescence , the intensity of forward-scattered light , or the intensity of side-scattered light , each of which is detected by light intensity detector .
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Controller controls vibration element to control the amplitude, frequency, and the like of the ultrasonic vibration to be supplied from vibration element . Controller controls charge supply unit . Specifically, in accordance with the identification information of particle , controller controls the polarity and amount of charges to be supplied from charge supply unit to vibration electrode . Controller controls an electric field applied between deflection electrodes , .
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Controller receives the image of flow axis of flow channel , the image being obtained by imaging element . Controller controls moving mechanism . Therefore, controller can control movement direction, movement distance, and movement speed of flow cell (flow chamber ).
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Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel while controlling moving mechanism to continuously move flow cell at the first speed. The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is, for example, the image of the liquid (for example, jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell .
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Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved at the first speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) such that the liquid flowing out of flow cell looks thinnest in the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid flowing out of flow cell . It should be noted that when the liquid flowing out of flow cell looks thinnest in the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid flowing out of flow cell , the liquid flowing out of flow cell is located at the focal position of imaging element .
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Then, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved in the third direction (y direction) at the first speed. Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) such that the liquid (jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell is located at a first reference position in the third direction (y direction) in the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid flowing out of flow cell . In one example, the first reference position may be a position of the liquid flowing out of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) in the image of the liquid flowing out of flow cell before replacement of flow cell . In another example, the first reference position may be the center in the third direction (y direction) in the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid flowing out of flow cell .
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Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell to allow a first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, while controlling moving mechanism to move flow cell at the second speed that is lower than the first speed, the first intensity being detected by light intensity detector . For example, the light emitting object is a fluorescent bead, and the first light includes forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead and fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent bead.
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In one example, the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object may be detected using light intensity detector while continuously moving flow cell at the second speed that is lower than the first speed. In another example, the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object may be detected using light intensity detector while moving flow cell stepwisely at the second speed that is lower than the first speed. That is, flow cell repeats: movement by a small distance; and temporary stop. Light intensity detector detects the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object using light intensity detector during the temporary stop of flow cell . In the case where flow cell is stepwisely moved, the second speed of flow cell is obtained by dividing the total travel distance of flow cell by the total of the travel time of flow cell and the time of the temporary stop of flow cell .
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a
f.
Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be moved at the second speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) to allow the intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, the intensity of forward-scattered light being detected by second light detector . Then, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the second speed. Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, the intensity of fluorescence being detected by first light detectors to
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The final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is performed after the coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Therefore, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the first speed in the coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell .
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1
The following describes a method of sorting particles using particle sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment.
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p
The sheath liquid is supplied from second tank to cavity of chamber . The sample liquid including particles is supplied from first tank to cavity of chamber filled with the sheath liquid. In cavity of chamber , the sample liquid is enclosed with the sheath liquid to form the sheath flow. The sheath flow flows into flow cell . Particles included in the sample liquid are arranged in one line along the flow axis (center axis) of flow channel of flow cell .
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s
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s
Each of particles arranged in one line within flow channel is irradiated with laser light from light source unit . Fluorescence , forward-scattered light , and side-scattered light are emitted from particle . Light intensity detector detects at least one of fluorescence , forward-scattered light , or side-scattered light . Controller analyzes at least one of fluorescence , forward-scattered light , or side-scattered light , so as to obtain the identification information of particle .
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The sheath flow including particles flows out of flow cell as jet flow . Controller controls vibration element to control the amplitude, frequency, and the like of ultrasonic vibration to be supplied from vibration element . The ultrasonic vibration is applied from vibration element to jet flow through vibration electrode . Jet flow is broken off into a droplet at break-off point . Each of droplets includes one particle .
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Controller controls the polarity and amount of charges to be supplied from charge supply unit to vibration electrode in accordance with the identification information of particle . The charges are supplied to the sheath flow and jet flow immediately before droplet including particle is formed at break-off point . Thus, droplet broken off from jet flow at break-off point is supplied with the charges corresponding to the identification information of particle included in droplet . Charged droplet is deflected by sorting unit . Droplets are collected in the plurality of sample collection members or waste-liquid collection member . In this way, particles included in droplets are sorted.
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1
60
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10
FIG. 6
A method of aligning flow cell according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to . In one example, the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment is performed before using particle sorting apparatus to sort the sample particles such as biological particles labeled with a fluorescent material. In another example, the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment is performed after flow cell or flow chamber is replaced.
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The method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment includes a coarse adjustment step (S) and a final adjustment step (S).
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p
p
In the coarse adjustment step (S), a coarse adjustment is performed onto the position of flow cell based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel of flow cell while continuously moving flow cell at the first speed. The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is, for example, the image of the liquid (jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell .
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Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved at the first speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . In the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid (for example, jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell , controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) such that the liquid flowing out of flow cell looks thinnest.
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Then, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved in the third direction (y direction) at the first speed. Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) such that the liquid (for example, jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell is located at a first reference position in the third direction (y direction) in the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid flowing out of flow cell . In one example, the first reference position may be a position of the liquid flowing out of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) in the image of the liquid flowing out of flow cell before replacement of flow cell . In another example, the first reference position may be the center in the third direction (y direction) in the image, obtained by imaging element , of the liquid flowing out of flow cell .
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f
In the final adjustment step (S), a final adjustment is performed onto the position of flow cell to allow the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object included in the liquid flowing in flow channel to be maximum, while moving flow cell at a second speed lower than the first speed. For example, the light emitting object is a fluorescent bead, and the first light includes forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead and fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent bead.
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f
a
f.
Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be moved at the second speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) to allow the intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead to be maximum, the intensity of forward-scattered light being detected by second light detector . Then, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the second speed. Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the fluorescence bead to be maximum, the intensity of fluorescence being detected by first light detectors to
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The final adjustment step (S) is performed after the coarse adjustment step (S). Therefore, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment step (S) is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the first speed in the coarse adjustment step (S).
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p
As required, flow cell may be aligned in the first direction (z direction) also by performing the coarse adjustment step (S) that is based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel of flow cell and the final adjustment step (S) that is based on the first intensity of the first light.
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s
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s
In a modification of the present embodiment, the light emitting object is a bead or bubble. The bead may be a fluorescent bead or a bead including no fluorescent material. In the case of aligning flow cell , a liquid including a bead including no fluorescent material or a liquid including a bubble may be stored in first tank . The bubble has a diameter of, for example, more than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm. When the bead or bubble is irradiated with laser light , forward-scattered light and side-scattered light are emitted from the bead or bubble. The first light includes forward-scattered light and side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble.
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s
s
s
In this modification, in the final adjustment step (S), the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) is aligned based on side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble. Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the second speed. Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble to be maximum, the intensity of side-scattered light being detected by third light detector .
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60
The following describes effects of particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment.
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p
Particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment includes: flow cell including flow channel ; imaging element ; light intensity detector ; moving mechanism ; and controller . Imaging element obtains the image regarding flow axis of flow channel . Light intensity detector detects the intensity of the light emitted from the light emitting object included in the liquid flowing in flow channel . Moving mechanism moves flow cell . Controller controls moving mechanism . Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel while controlling moving mechanism to continuously move flow cell at the first speed. Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell to allow the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum while controlling moving mechanism to move flow cell at the second speed that is lower than the first speed, the first intensity of the first light being detected by light intensity detector .
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In particle sorting apparatus , after flow cell is moved continuously at the first speed to perform the coarse adjustment onto flow cell , flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Therefore, in particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is reduced as compared with a comparative example in which flow cell is aligned only by the final adjustment step without performing the coarse adjustment step. Particle sorting apparatus can align flow cell in a shorter period of time.
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p
The method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment includes the coarse adjustment step (S) and the final adjustment step (S). In the coarse adjustment step (S), a coarse adjustment is performed onto the position of flow cell based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel of flow cell while continuously moving flow cell at the first speed. In the final adjustment step (S), after the coarse adjustment step (S), a final adjustment is performed onto the position of flow cell to allow the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object included in the liquid flowing in flow channel to be maximum, while moving flow cell at the second speed that is lower than the first speed.
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In the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, after flow cell is moved continuously at the first speed to perform the coarse adjustment onto flow cell , flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Therefore, in the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is reduced as compared with the comparative example in which flow cell is aligned only by the final adjustment step without performing the coarse adjustment step. According to the method of aligning flow cell in the present embodiment, flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
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In each of particle sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the light emitting object is a bead including no fluorescent material, or is a bubble. Therefore, the fluorescent material is prevented from remaining in chamber and flow cell upon the end of the alignment of flow cell . With the light emitting object that is a bubble or a bead including no fluorescent material, flow cell is maintained to be clean at the start of sorting the sample particles such as biological particles labeled with a fluorescent material, and the sample particles can be sorted with improved precision.
1
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p
In particle sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the image regarding flow axis of flow channel is an image of the liquid (for example, jet flow ) flowing out of flow cell . Therefore, flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
1
1
1
b
b
FIGS. 2, 4 and 7 to 9
The following describes a particle sorting apparatus according to a second embodiment with reference to . Particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment includes a configuration similar to that of particle sorting apparatus of the first embodiment, but is different therefrom mainly in the following points.
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b
b
b
Particle sorting apparatus includes an imaging element instead of imaging element of the first embodiment. Particle sorting apparatus further includes a reflective member and a reflective member driving mechanism .
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p
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p
FIG. 10
Imaging element obtains an image regarding flow axis of flow channel . Imaging element is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a CCD camera or a CMOS camera. The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is, for example, an image of flow channel (see ).
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b
Specifically, reflective member is disposed between detection side lens optical system and optical fiber array . Reflective member reflects the image of flow cell toward imaging element . Reflective member is a half mirror, for example. Reflective member driving mechanism rotates or moves reflective member .
FIG. 9
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b
As shown in , controller is communicatively connected to imaging element and reflective member driving mechanism . Controller receives the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element . The image of flow channel is stored in storage unit . Controller controls reflective member driving mechanism .
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b
a
f
s
Controller controls reflective member driving mechanism to position reflective member on the optical axis of detection optical system . Reflective member reflects the image of flow channel toward imaging element . Controller controls reflective member driving mechanism to retract reflective member from the optical axis of detection optical system . Therefore, the intensity of fluorescence measured by first light detectors to and the intensity of side-scattered light measured by third light detector are prevented from being decreased by reflective member .
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p
p
Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel while controlling moving mechanism to continuously move flow cell at the first speed. The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is, for example, the image of flow channel .
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b
b
b
b.
Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved at the first speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) such that the side wall of flow channel looks thinnest in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element . It should be noted that when the side wall of flow channel looks thinnest in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element , flow channel is located at the focal position of imaging element
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FIG. 10
b
b.
Then, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved in the third direction (y direction) at the first speed. Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) such that the side wall of flow channel is located at the first reference position (see ) in the third direction (y direction) in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element . In one example, the first reference position may be the position of the side wall of flow channel in the third direction (y direction) in the image of flow channel before replacement of flow cell . In another example, the first reference position may be the center in the third direction (y direction) in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element
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77
77
f
As with the first embodiment, controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell to allow the first intensity of the first light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, while controlling moving mechanism to move flow cell at the second speed that is lower than the first speed, the first intensity of the first light being detected by light intensity detector . For example, the light emitting object is a fluorescent bead, and the first light includes forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead and fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent bead.
1
1
10
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b
a
f
s
A particle sorting method using particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as the particle sorting method using particle sorting apparatus of the first embodiment. When sorting the sample particles after flow chamber is aligned, controller controls reflective member driving mechanism to retract reflective member from the optical axis of detection optical system . Therefore, the intensity of fluorescence measured by first light detectors to and the intensity of side-scattered light measured by third light detector are prevented from being decreased by reflective member .
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FIG. 6
A method of aligning flow cell according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to . The method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment includes the same steps as those of the method of aligning flow cell according to the first embodiment, but is mainly different therefrom in the following points.
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10
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p
b
p
b.
In the coarse adjustment step (S) of the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the image regarding flow axis of flow channel is obtained using imaging element . The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is the image of flow channel . During the coarse adjustment step (S), controller controls reflective member driving mechanism to position reflective member on the optical axis of detection optical system . Reflective member reflects the image of flow channel toward imaging element
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b
b.
Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved at the first speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) such that the side wall of flow channel looks thinnest in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element
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FIG. 10
b
b.
Then, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved in the third direction (y direction) at the first speed. Controller performs a coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) such that the side wall of flow channel is positioned at the first reference position (see ) from the first end side in the third direction (y direction) in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element . In one example, the first reference position may be the position of the side wall of flow channel in the third direction (y direction) in the image of flow channel before replacement of flow cell . In another example, the first reference position may be the center in the third direction (y direction) in the image of flow channel obtained by imaging element
20
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a
f
s
The fine adjustment step (S) in the present embodiment is the same as the fine adjustment step (S) in the first embodiment. During the fine adjustment step (S) of the present embodiment, controller controls reflective member driving mechanism to retract reflective member from the optical axis of detection optical system . Therefore, the intensity of fluorescence measured by first light detectors to and the intensity of side-scattered light measured by third light detector are prevented from being decreased by reflective member .
77
77
20
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f
s
s
In the modification of the present embodiment, as with the modification of the first embodiment, the light emitting object is a bead or bubble. The first light includes forward-scattered light and side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble. In this modification, in the final adjustment step (S), the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) is aligned based on side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble.
1
60
1
60
b
Particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment has the following effects similar to those of particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the first embodiment.
1
60
65
65
65
60
b
p
In each of particle sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the image regarding flow axis of flow channel is the image of flow channel . Therefore, flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
1
1
1
c
c
FIGS. 1 to 5
A particle sorting apparatus according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to . Particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment has a configuration similar to that of particle sorting apparatus of the first embodiment, but is mainly different therefrom in the following points.
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f
In the present embodiment, controller , which is configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment, is further configured as follows. Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell to allow a second intensity of second light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, while controlling moving mechanism to continuously move flow cell at a third speed that is lower than the first speed and that is higher than the second speed, the second intensity of the second light being detected by light intensity detector . For example, the light emitting object is a fluorescent bead, and the first light includes forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead and fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent bead. Storage unit further stores information of the third speed.
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f
f
a
f.
Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved at the third speed in the optical axis direction (the second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) to allow the intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead to be maximum, the intensity of forward-scattered light being detected by second light detector . Then, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the third speed. Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the fluorescence bead to be maximum, the intensity of fluorescence being detected by first light detectors to
60
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60
The fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell is performed after the coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Therefore, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the third speed in the fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the first speed in the coarse adjustment onto the position of flow cell .
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60
The final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is performed after the fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Therefore, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the third speed in the fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell . The distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment in the present embodiment is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment in the first embodiment.
1
1
c
The particle sorting method using particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as the particle sorting method using particle sorting apparatus of the first embodiment.
60
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15
10
20
FIG. 11
A method of aligning flow cell according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to . The method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment includes the same steps as those of the method of aligning flow cell according to the first embodiment, but is mainly different therefrom in that a fine adjustment step (S) is further included between the coarse adjustment step (S) and the final adjustment step (S).
15
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60
77
77
f
In the fine adjustment step (S), a fine adjustment is performed onto the position of flow cell to allow the second intensity of the second light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum while continuously moving flow cell at the third speed that is lower than the first speed and that is higher than the second speed. For example, the light emitting object is a fluorescent bead, and the first light includes forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead and fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent bead.
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f
f
a
f.
Specifically, controller causes flow cell to be continuously moved at the third speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) to allow the intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the fluorescent bead to be maximum, the intensity of forward-scattered light being detected by second light detector . Then, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the third speed. Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the fluorescence bead to be maximum, the intensity of fluorescence being detected by first light detectors to
15
10
60
15
60
10
The fine adjustment step (S) is performed after the coarse adjustment step (S). Therefore, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the third speed in the fine adjustment step (S) is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the first speed in the coarse adjustment step (S).
20
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20
The final adjustment step (S) in the present embodiment is similar to the final adjustment step (S) in the first embodiment, but is mainly different therefrom in the following points. In the present embodiment, the final adjustment step (S) is performed after the fine adjustment step (S). The distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment step (S) is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the third speed in the fine adjustment step (S). The distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment step (S) of the present embodiment is shorter than the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed in the final adjustment step (S) of the first embodiment.
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10
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15
20
p
As required, flow cell may be aligned in the first direction (z direction) also by performing the coarse adjustment step (S) that is based on the image regarding flow axis of flow channel of flow cell , the fine adjustment step (S) that is based on the second intensity of the second light, and the final adjustment step (S) that is based on the first intensity of the first light.
77
77
15
20
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77
f
s
s
In the modification of the present embodiment, as with the modification of the first embodiment, the light emitting object is a bead or bubble. Each of the first light and the second light includes forward-scattered light and side-scattered light emitted from a bead or bubble. In this modification, in each of the fine adjustment step (S) and the final adjustment step (S), the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) is aligned based on side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble.
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f
s
s
Specifically, in the fine adjustment step (S) of the modification, controller causes flow cell to be moved at the third speed in the optical axis direction (the second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) to allow the intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble to be maximum, the intensity of forward-scattered light being detected by second light detector . Then, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the third speed. Controller performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble to be maximum, the intensity of side-scattered light being detected by third light detector .
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f
s
s
In the final adjustment step (S) of the modification, controller causes flow cell to be moved at the second speed in the optical axis direction (second direction (x direction)) of imaging element in flow cell . Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the second direction (x direction) to allow the intensity of forward-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble to be maximum, the intensity of forward-scattered light being detected by second light detector . Then, controller causes flow cell to be moved in the third direction (y direction) at the second speed. Controller performs a final adjustment onto the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) to allow the intensity of side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble to be maximum, the intensity of side-scattered light being detected by third light detector .
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Particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment has the following effects similar to those of particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the first embodiment.
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In particle sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment, controller further performs a fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell to allow the second intensity of the second light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum, while controlling moving mechanism to continuously move flow cell at the third speed that is lower than the first speed and that is higher than the second speed, the second intensity of the second light being detected by light intensity detector .
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In particle sorting apparatus , flow cell is continuously moved at the first speed to perform the coarse adjustment onto flow cell , then flow cell is continuously moved at the third speed to perform the fine adjustment onto flow cell , and then flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Thus, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is further reduced. Particle sorting apparatus can align flow cell in a shorter period of time.
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The method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment further includes, between the coarse adjustment step (S) and the final adjustment step (S), the fine adjustment step (S) of performing the fine adjustment onto the position of flow cell to allow the second intensity of the second light emitted from the light emitting object to be maximum while continuously moving flow cell at the third speed that is lower than the first speed and that is higher than the second speed.
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In the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, flow cell is moved continuously at the first speed to perform the coarse adjustment onto flow cell , then flow cell is moved continuously at the third speed to perform the fine adjustment onto flow cell , and then flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell . Thus, the distance by which flow cell is moved at the second speed to perform the final adjustment onto the position of flow cell is further reduced. With the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
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FIGS. 2, 4 and 7 to 9
A particle sorting apparatus according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to . Particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment has a configuration similar to that of particle sorting apparatus of the third embodiment, but is mainly different therefrom in the following points.
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Particle sorting apparatus includes imaging element of the second embodiment instead of imaging element of the third embodiment. Imaging element obtains an image regarding flow axis of flow channel . The image regarding flow axis of flow channel is, for example, an image of flow channel . As with the second embodiment, particle sorting apparatus may further include reflective member and reflective member driving mechanism .
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A particle sorting method using particle sorting apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as the particle sorting method using particle sorting apparatus of the third embodiment. When sorting the sample particles after flow chamber is aligned, controller controls reflective member driving mechanism to retract reflective member from the optical axis of detection optical system . Therefore, the intensity of fluorescence measured by first light detectors to and the intensity of side-scattered light measured by third light detector are prevented from being decreased by reflective member .
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FIG. 11
A method of aligning flow cell according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to . The method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment includes the same steps as those of the method of aligning flow cell according to the third embodiment, but is mainly different therefrom in the following points.
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In the coarse adjustment step (S) in the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the image regarding flow axis of flow channel is an image of flow channel as with the coarse adjustment step (S) of the method of aligning flow cell according to the second embodiment. It should be noted that the fine adjustment step (S) of the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment is the same as the fine adjustment step (S) of the method of aligning flow cell according to the third embodiment.
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In the modification of the present embodiment, as with the modification of the third embodiment, the light emitting object is a bead or bubble. Each of the first light and the second light includes forward-scattered light and side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble. In this modification, in each of the fine adjustment step (S) and the final adjustment step (S), the position of flow cell in the third direction (y direction) is aligned based on side-scattered light emitted from the bead or bubble.
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Particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment has the following effects similar to those of particle sorting apparatus and the method of aligning flow cell according to the third embodiment.
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In particle sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment and the method of aligning flow cell according to the present embodiment, the image regarding flow axis of flow channel is the image of flow channel . Therefore, flow cell can be aligned in a shorter period of time.
The first to fourth embodiments and modifications thereof disclosed herein should be regarded as being illustrative and non-restrictive in any respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the embodiments described above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
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, , , : particle sorting apparatus; : base; : wall; , , : opening; : flow chamber; : chamber; : cavity; : surface; : first tank; : first conduit; : second tank; : second conduit; : vibration electrode; : vibration electrode portion; : end surface; : electrically conductive portion; : insulation sleeve; : sealing member; : vibration element; : charge supply unit; : movable member; : fixing member; : moving mechanism; : flow cell; : flow cell body portion; : nozzle receiving portion; : flow channel; : flow axis; : nozzle; : light source unit; , : laser; : laser light; : light wavelength combining unit; : fluorescence; : forward-scattered light; : side-scattered light; , : transparent window member; : detection optical system; : detection side lens optical system; : reflective member; : reflective member driving mechanism; : optical fiber array; , : optical fiber; : wavelength division unit; to : dichroic mirror; to : wavelength filter; to : first light detector; : second light detector; : third light detector; : light intensity detector; : jet flow; : break-off point; : droplet; : particle; : sorting unit; , : deflection electrode; : collection unit; : sample collection member; : waste-liquid collection member; : holder; , : imaging element; : controller; : storage unit. | |
We are getting so jaded by negative business headlines prompted by greed and dysfunction, it was refreshing to read a positive story.
One such article once caught my eye.
It tells the story of how dynamic changes in the global economy are prompting a new approach in management education.
The financial meltdown, sub-prime crisis and slow economic recovery are catalysts that are triggering consideration of new curricula at the graduate business school level.
Graduates are being made ready to face real-world challenges.
Thirty business schools, including Harvard Business School, collaborated with Indian business schools in to become more relevant for students in contemporary business issues.
The collaboration is a first for business schools.
It also states Harvard is focusing on ethics and teamwork instead of case studies – competence and character are finally more important than networking.
“…there is greater emphasis on thinking how to think critically and make logical arguments using deductive, inductive, causative, or analogical reasoning,” says author and Harvard school professor Srikant Datar, according to the Economic Times.
“As business educators, we need to engage our students in thinking deeply about the roles and responsibilities of business towards various stakeholders and to emphasize the limitations of the models we teach,” the publication quoted Dr. Datar.
Aside from the top 15 schools in the last decade, enrollment has plummeted 25 to 30 percent and as much as 50 percent at European and U.S. programs.
Employers have discouraged employees from pursuing full-time MBA studies.
“Schools are giving much more attention to innovation and execution,” the paper quoted Dr. Datar. “To teach these skills, schools in the West are beginning to adopt different pedagogies such as experiential learning. They are recognizing, for example, that innovative thinking, just like swimming, is best learned through repeated practice in real situation.
My sense is this approach is long overdue. This was a concern of mine when attending the EMBA Program at the UCLA Anderson School of Management three decades ago. The focus wasn’t entirely on contemporary issues in management.
Earlier as a journalism student, the University of Tulsa regularly gave us experiential exercises. It was a great complement to my professional life as I worked in broadcasting simultaneously.
“Unlike other professions, a manager’s success depends on motivating and inspiring others. Schools are using leadership laboratories to train students to examine their own strengths and weaknesses, with the goal of building their skills in self and relationship management,” he was quoted as saying.
That’s been my experience in strengths-and-weakness training as business-performance consultant in my human resources practice. Think of it as a personals SWOT analysis. All training courses include modules in self-assessment and teamwork, and other experiential exercises. Ninety percent of my students adapted well and experienced a double-digit increase in self esteem, which led to higher performance. The remaining 10 percent was un-trainable, usually for reasons of alcoholism or drug addiction.
Critical thinking, ethics and values – are you listening Wall Street?
15 HR Strategies to Improve Your Business Performance — Studies continue to show many employees are dissatisfied in their workplaces. Employee dissatisfaction, of course, will adversely affect a company’s performance. The dissatisfaction is global and the trend is likely to continue unless businesses improve their approach. To improve your business performance, here are 15 HR strategies.
20 Tell-Tale Signs – If You’re Under-Performing as a Manager — There are indeed 20 warning signs that managers are underperforming. Managers can often struggle whether they’re new or even if they’re experienced. Poor management, of course, leads to poor performance. As red flags, underperforming managers share one of two common traits with their ineffective employees. Such managers aren’t fully aware of their shortcomings. Even if they are aware of deficiencies, they’re afraid to admit it.
21 Quick Tips to Avoid the Dark Side of Management — News headlines from Seattle to New York are cause for some serious head slapping when it comes to managing employees. Here’s how to avoid HR troubles. Even the U.S. State Department issued a critical report of an ambassador, a Seattle businesswoman who was a prolific fundraiser for the first Obama election campaign.
Think 1930s for Business Success…Consumer Attitudes are Changing — Hyper-consumerism is history. Traditional values with a purpose are in vogue. Traditional values – old-fashioned, if you prefer – describe the new mindset of consumers and what they expect from business. That’s according to a white paper, “The Power of the Post-Recession Consumer,” republished by strategy+business.
Management Best-Practices Include Solid Operations Checklists — Are you concerned about profits? Would you like for your business to be in a class of its own? Internally, many organizations in businesses and the public sector mistakenly ignore shortcomings in how they operate. Instead, they believe that a magic wand – a better marketing focus – will solve all the problems. | https://bizcoachinfo.com/archives/tag/business-schools |
I know this is about a week late, but Greg Maddux might have been the most amazing pitcher I have ever seen in person. He did not have a blazing fastball, although this fastball was probably slightly above average. He did not have a curve that made your knees buckle. Instead he used knowledge of the game and the situation at the current time of the game and combined that with an amazing ability to locate pitches wherever he wanted to win 355 games and post some of the most incredible ERA's ever (as compared to the league average of those given years). Even in his 23rd season at the age of 42 he still put up respectable numbers (4.22 ERA and 1.20 WHIP). He probably could pitch a few more years if he wanted to, but instead we will see Mr. Maddux in Cooperstown, NY five years from now.
Saturday, December 20, 2008
Thursday, December 18, 2008
T206 Wagner Hits eBay!
The "Holy Grail" of sports cards has hit eBay. That's right, the T206 Honus Wagner card. And this is not your usual scam either. The card is a well know example of the Wagner card, is graded by PSA and is for sale by a reputable dealer. The T206 set is one of my all-time favorites, but unfortunately the asking price is a little high for me at this time! Take a look at this beauty of a card.
T206 Honus Wagner
T206 Honus Wagner
Posted by Chris at 12:58 PM No comments: | http://www.ballcardmania.com/2008_12_14_archive.html |
The utility model discloses an anti-interference device of a gas detector, which is used for the measurement of nuclear radiation. A sealing gas-filled protecting tube is composed of a protecting tube, an upper top cover and a lower top cover. The sealing protecting tube comprises a porcelain support, a connecting cylinder, a shock absorbing ring, a gas detector, a bracket, a pressure spring, etc. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient usage, long lifetime, irradiation prevention, corrosion prevention, interference rejection, damp prevention, shock resistance, etc. The utility model can be used for the measurement of reactor power of nuclear power devices, nuclear plants and nuclear heating reactors. | |
I recently worked with my project team and subject matter experts to design and develop a learning program called, "Legally Speaking" for a newly designed Supervisor Leadership Program. Initially, I was less than thrilled to be working in the world of policies, rules, and laws because the underlying meaning of those words read: details. I'm more of a big picture gal.
After a painful stint of gathering content from Ochsner's lawyer (who was extremely helpful and patient with us), reading through policy after policy, sifting through case studies of law application, and interviewing leaders, I created countless scenarios both simple and complex to help our new supervisors learn the ins and outs of the law at work. In the end, I was glad I had worked on this project because participants raved and walked away with an enjoyable experience (they actually had fun) and valuable knowledge.
I put together some helpful tips on what not to do from my experience.
*In the world of lawsuits and litigation, it is more important than ever to provide employees with accurate, consistent, and timely information around policies, guidelines, and regulations. Recent movements involving cases of harassment and discrimination put a magnifying glass on the culture and practices of organizations. Having strong policies that outline acceptable behavior is a vital component to cultivate positive and safe work environments. However, enforcing, holding people accountable, accurate application of, and understanding regulations is crucial as well. Through well designed and delivered training, it is more likely that individuals will adhere to policy, which results in better business outcomes.
Policy training is typically met with dread by participants because it is often poorly designed. Guess what? It doesn’t have to be! Designing an engaging and beneficial program around policy to drive positive outcomes can be achieved with hard work, attention to detail, and by avoiding common pitfalls.
4 Mistakes to Avoid When Designing Policy Training
Lecture
The approach to avoid when training on dry rules and regulations is to read to participants in a lecture style format. Your words will be greeted by rolling eyes and sighs of boredom. Just because the material is serious, doesn’t mean the class has to be all work and no play. Incorporate fun by adding interactive quiz questions using a platform called Kahoot! Facilitators can conduct intermittent knowledge checks to break up the monotony and elicit healthy competition between participants. With Kahoot, participants use their smart phone to answer questions you design. Add video clips of SMEs offering key takeaways to ensure a consistent experience for all learners in the training if you take it on the road or across campuses or facilities.
Pre-work
Sending out policies for participants to review prior to the session or pre-work of any sort is a big waste of time, not for all training, but especially in this case. If people aren’t abiding by the policy, it doesn’t necessarily mean they don’t understand what it seeks to do. Employees may not understand how to apply the policy appropriately. First, determine if the issue is a learning need. Is it the best use of time and energy to build training around policy in the learning space? If so, the learning goal should be to create connection to understanding the information in the policy by issue spotting and applying it consistently. If people aren’t searching and reading policies on their own account, they aren’t going to take time to read it thoroughly before class and you could turn people off from the start. Pre-work is not going to help them achieve understanding of how to use the policy appropriately.
Validation
Do not include materials or content in your training that haven’t been validated by both subject matter experts and users. Depending on your organization, SMEs could be human resources business partners, legal and compliance personnel, or legal committees and advisors. Users of these policies are typically supervisors who commonly deal with certain issues around enforcing policies, leadership groups at different levels, and other employees who are directly benefitting from the learning. Ensure that all materials are aligned with the needs of the employees in the training. Involve key leaders who deal with frequently occurring challenges. Utilize an agile approach to design by conducting a needs assessment, interviewing SMEs and users, and continuously creating and going back to your resources to validate, validate, validate!
Scenarios
Include realistic scenarios around authentic situations and in your company’s context throughout the training. Ensure that what you have developed specifically pertains to SMEs and users. How does the scenario really play out in their work space? What under the surface barriers do participants experience when enforcing the policies? What grievances do individuals mostly experience in their department or unit? Pick the main policies that people need to adhere to or violate the most and highlight these in the class through complex scenarios. When participants understand how to issue spot and solve properly for the situation, they are more like to understand how to apply the policy correctly in real life.
Designing training around policies and regulations is not an easy task, however it should be fun, beneficial for learners, and make a positive impact in the organization.
*This article was originally published by Training Industry, Inc. You can read the original article by clicking here: Training Industry, Inc. | https://www.perspectives-2020.com/single-post/2018/11/13/4-Mistakes-to-Avoid-When-Designing-Compliance-Training |
How has 2D CAD Software Revolutionized Interior Design?
Now it’s the time when the evolution of 2D CAD software has brought significant changes in interior design trends.2021-06-13
What is a 2D CAD Software and What are its Strengths?
The rest of the article, we will focus on the introduction of 2D CAD software and the comparison with 3D CAD software.2021-06-06
How 3D Modeling Software Meet the Requirements of the Automotive Industry
3D CAD software will continue to provide more profound opportunities for the automotive industry.2021-05-28
Top 4 Reasons For Your Design Team to Use CAD Software
To begin with, let us understand the top four reasons for using the CAD software by your design team.2021-05-19
How ZW3D CAD Module Drive Innovative Product Design
What are the salient features of the ZW3D CAD module that make this CAD software superior to all other designing software in innovative product design? Let us get into those features.2021-05-14
Top 7 Considerations When Choosing an Easy CAD Software
This post will share which parameters are used to select an easy CAD software and which are the most common parameters.2021-05-08
What Makes ZW3D CAM Module Emerge a Good Choice for Machine Design?
Here we introduce you to one of the most feasible machine design solutions known as the ZW3D CAM module.2021-04-27
Top 5 Benefits of 3D CAD Software for School Teaching
In this article, we will see why CAD software is vital for schools and how it improves the technical drawing skills of students in the classroom.2021-04-19
How Does ZW3D CAD Cover the Diversified Needs of Mold Design? | https://www.zwsoft.com/news/zwschool?page=2 |
This paper presents a hybrid krill herd (CSKH) approach to solve structural optimization problems. CSKH improved the Krill herd algorithm (KH) by combining KU/KA operator originated from cuckoo search algorithm (CS) with KH. In CSKH, a greedy selection scheme is used and often overtakes the original KH and CS. In addition, in order to further enhance the assessment of CSKH, a fraction of the worst krill is thrown away and substituted with newly randomly generated ones by KA operator at the end of each generation. The CSKH is applied to five real engineering problems to verify its performance. The experimental results have proven that CSKH algorithm is well capable of solving constrained engineering design problems more efficiently and effectively than the basic CS and KH algorithm. | https://researchprofiles.canberra.edu.au/en/publications/krill-herd-algorithm-based-on-cuckoo-search-for-solving-engineeri |
Reduced prevalence of the CCR5 delta32 heterozygous genotype in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with AIDS dementia complex.
Heterozygosity for a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5 Delta32), which encodes the coreceptor for macrophage-tropic non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants, results in a lower CCR5 expression and reduced NSI HIV-1 replication. Because infection of macrophages and microglial cells by NSI HIV-1 is considered to be instrumental for the development of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), we studied whether the CCR5 Delta32 heterozygous genotype correlated with a reduced frequency of ADC. Two (4.1%) of 49 patients with ADC versus 27 (14. 5%) of 186 AIDS patients without ADC were heterozygous for CCR5 Delta32 (P=.05). In contrast, a point mutation in the first transmembrane domain of CCR2 (CCR2 64I) did not show this protective effect (P=.57). The reduced prevalence of the CCR5 Delta32 allele among patients with ADC may indicate a reduced or absent reservoir of macrophage-tropic NSI HIV-1 in the brain of CCR5 Delta32 heterozygotes.
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Laser Spectroscopic Motor Exhaust Gas Analyzer
The MEXA-ONE-QL-NX is an analyzer for the direct, simultaneous real-time measurement of the four relevant nitrogen-containing exhaust gas components NO, NO2, N2O and NH3.
The analyzer combines a light source based on the new quantum cascade technology (efficient lasers in the mid-infrared spectral region) with a precisely adjusted dual path cell to measure low concentrations with maximum sensitivity. The detection limit complies with current European legal requirements.
Furthermore, the MEXA-ONE-QL-NX offers wide measuring ranges of up to 5000 ppm (for NO). By using extremely narrowband light sources and measuring under reduced pressure the cross-sensitivity to other exhaust gas components can be drastically minimized.
The complete measuring system - including filtration - is specifically developed for the measurement of NH3 and thus guarantees a very fast NH3 rise time (T10-T90) of less than 5 seconds.
The MEXA-ONE-QL-NX can be operated as a stand-alone analyzer or integrated into the MEXA-ONE software interface for user-friendly and simplified system operation.
|Model||MEXA-ONE-QL-NX|
|Measuring principle||Quantum Cascade Laser Infrared (QCL-IR) Spectroscopy|
|Measuring components||NO・NO2・N2O・NH3|
|Measuring range||NO: (low) 0-100 ppm (high) 0-5000 ppm|
NO2：(low) 0- 50 ppm (high) 0-2000 ppm
N2O：(low) 0-100 ppm (high) 0-2000 ppm
NH3：(low) 0- 50 ppm (high) 0-2000 ppm
|Zero noise(2σ)|
(σ：standard deviation)
|NO ：(low) < 0.4 ppm (high) < 20 ppm|
NO2：(low) < 0.2 ppm (high) < 8 ppm
N2O：(low) < 0.4 ppm (high) < 20 ppm
NH3：(low) < 0.2 ppm (high) < 8 ppm
|Sample line temperature||113 ± 6ºC|
|Response time ( t10-90)||NO, NO2, N2O: < 2 s|
NH3: < 5 s*
|Dimensions/mass||Main unit：440×660×877 (mm)|
Approx.: 120 kg (excluding protruding objects)
|Sampling rate||10 Hz|
|Flow rate||8 L/min ± 1 L/min|
|Inlet pressure||standard: - 5 kPa to +30 kPa (relative)|
optional: -5 kPa to + 200 kPa (relative)
|Span noise||< 2% full scale (FS)|
|Zero/ span drift||< 1% FS/ 8 h|
|Warm-up time||2 h|
* determined with NH3 (50 ppm) supplied to the sample inlet at a flow rate of 8 L/min via a 0.3 m sample probe, a heated filter and a 6 m heated line.
Do you have any questions or requests? Use this form to contact our specialists. * These fields are mandatory. | https://www.horiba.com/int/automotive/products/detail/action/show/Product/mexa-one-ql-nx-34/ |
The heron is not a terribly popular bird in the UK, despite its beauty. The main reason is that it is a very good catcher of fish, and here lies some of its symbolism. It is in some senses a symbolic fisherman.
First, however, I need to state that the heron takes on the symbolism of all birds. The Heron is thus yet another bird used as a Means of transport and in shape shifting.
Unlike the Ibis, with which it is often compared, its beak is straight, thus there is no connection with the Crescent moon.
But it is often a Black and White bird - thus there is also a connection with Darkness and Light - the balance between the intellect and the emotions that is essential to becoming a god. And some herons are either pure White or Grey, both key colours spiritually.
Among the Egyptians, a symbol of the morning and of the generation of life. Together with the ibis and the stork, it carried a favourable significance. | https://allaboutheaven.org/symbols/heron/123 |
The talks between the Government and Labour party are due to continue this week as they seek to find a compromise on a Brexit deal.
Labour party leader Jeremy Corbyn commented saying that his party was “engaging in good faith to find an alternative Brexit plan that can bring people together and get us through this crisis,” adding, “A sensible Brexit compromise that works for the whole country is still possible.
"But if Theresa May and her Government are genuinely prepared to work together for the public good, they need to show us they are prepared to make the real changes to their deal that her statement on Tuesday promised.” Corbyn will today meet with Sinn Fein’s leaders in London.
Elsewhere, the UK media reports that May intends to offer Corbyn a Brexit deal with a customs union arranged enshrined in law. The arrangement would ensure that any future Prime Minister would have to overturn primary legislation with majority support from MPs in order to exit the customs union and seek a harder Brexit.
The Bill tabled by Yvette Cooper will have its committee, report stage and third reading in the House of Lords today, after having been passed in the House of Commons last week. If it becomes law, May will be required to table a motion pledging to request an Article 50 extension.
However, May has already requested an extension until 30 June in a letter to European Council President Donald Tusk on Friday. | https://eutoday.net/news/politics/2019/may-says-brexit-talks-with-labour-mean-compromise-on-both-sides |
By Kevin Jiang
Living in Los Angeles, you are bound to see a celebrity or two walking around. I mean, Hollywood is the heart of the film industry and you can’t walk a block without seeing some sort of filming activity. Consequently, this summer I came upon an interesting opportunity to be a background actor.
To quickly explain, background actors , or “extras”, are all those silent people in TV shows or movies that walk around in the background, cheer in a crowd, fill a party, or sit in a café. Whether you notice them or not, these “extras” are an important part of filmmaking. They make the action on screen believable.
I only got into the background business a couple weeks ago, but I’ve already worked on multiple sets, from the long-running television staple NCIS, to tween programming on Nick and Disney, to a small unannounced feature film. The experience, besides teaching me EXTREME patience due to sitting and waiting for hours upon hours until needed on set, has also given me an appreciation for all the work and coordination that goes on behind the scenes of a TV show or film. I mean, you’ve all seen the credits that roll after a show or movie has ended and you’ve probably wondered, “Who are these people?” Being there on set and witnessing the intricate network of communication and the complicated set-ups for lights, sound, and camera, I fully comprehended the importance of each individual and their role in the crew.
To film a single scene, you’ve got your actors, of course, whose job it is to come prepared, but then there’s also the hair and make-up artists who must execute the vision of each character’s aesthetic, and the lighting and sound crews who are in charge of creating the perfect atmosphere and ensuring the sound quality, and the camera crew who needs to get the exact angle and camera movement. And, last but not least, you have the background actors who must get into place and know exactly what to do when the camera starts rolling. All together, it feels like organized chaos, like when musicians in an orchestra all tune their instruments at the same time. Of course, however dissonant the sound is while they prepare, the cacophony is immediately forgotten once the conductor raises his wand and leads the ensemble in melodic harmony.
The conductor in this metaphor would be the director, who, in a release of artistic potential, calls “Action” and sets the magic of movies in motion. Of course, one “take”, or attempt at filming a particular scene, is quite rare. After filming each scene, small adjustments are made in lighting, actor intonation, or camera angles to achieve the director’s vision of perfection. The process can be tedious, but the final outcome is always worth it.
I’ve always been an avid Netflix binger (I’m sure it leans quite closely to obsession) but now, I watch shows differently. I notice the small details that often go overlooked, a shame because it is these subtleties that really lend depth to a masterpiece. Experiencing the process of filmmaking firsthand has given me a once latent, but now fully realized, appreciation of the art form known as cinema.
Featured image from Wikimedia Commons
Kevin is a sophomore studying Neuroscience, and is considering picking up a Computer Science minor. He is a born and raised San Diegan and loves the Southern Californian weather and atmosphere. As a swimmer and water polo player, as well as a frequent beach goer, he enjoys being near water. Kevin also enjoys modern art, cooking, but most importantly eating GOOD FOOD (Which LA has a ton of)! Like most people, Kevin enjoys traveling and experiencing the history and culture of other nations. | https://ali.usc.edu/blog/fading-into-the-background/ |
Provides basic engineering field service support required to install, test , start up and/or maintain nuclear system equipment and/or components.
Your Day-to-Day:
- Perform service center support functions including but not limited to service equipment maintenance and check out, equipment and facility decontamination, equipment packing and unpacking, shipment preparations, material handling and calibration activities. Review operational and maintenance procedures and drawings in detail.
- Provide support to product engineering and training by performing activities such as equipment modifications, equipment set up and testing, mock-up preparation, process testing and equipment and process qualifications. Accurately document equipment performance issues during field implementation, and ensure corrective actions are complete prior to next scheduled one
- Participate in performance-based training programs to acquire and maintain certifications as well as keep current with Technology .
- Participate in safety training to acquire the skills and knowledge to perform work in hazardous environments and operate safety equipment and systems.
- Learn, understand and practice Human Performance Tools, INPO Principals, Industrial Health & Safety, and ALARA principals, specific security requirements, and the importance of observing both Westinghouse and customer license requirements. Participation and contribution of observations in the shop. Acquire, comprehend and apply Nuclear Culture Safety requirements.
- Set up, operate, maintain and troubleshoot field service equipment at customer sites, including but not limited to, cleaning processes, non-destructive examination (NDE) technology, robotic systems and computer networks
- Perform all assigned tasks under general supervision, with a high degree of quality, and within the parameters of qualified procedures and guidelines. Maintain a high level of attention to detail, and document all quality related issues.
- Develop, promote and exercise team-building skills with peers, supervisors, contactors, customers and other departments. Demonstrate good customer sensitivity and customer service skills. Develop and maintain a focus on creative problem solving.
- This position requires extensive travel, maintenance of “Unescorted Access” status, and working with hazardous materials
Who You Are:
As a successful candidate, you’d bring the following to the team:
- Post high school degree/certificate or equivalent in experience.
- 0-3 years related experience with demonstrated evidence of mechanical and/or electronic aptitude and skill. (Nuclear experience preferred)
- General knowledge of nuclear power plant operations, maintenance, and inspections.
- Specific knowledge and training in electrical, electronic, or mechanical curriculum as required, as well as knowledge of mathematics.
- Apprentice in predetermined qualification or certification program
Requisition Number: 653
Employee Type: Salaried
Job Family: Manufacturing, Operations & Maintenance
Company: Westinghouse Electric Co
Employee Class: Employee
Posted Date: Sep 29, 2020
Location: | https://careers.westinghousenuclear.com/job/Madison-Technician-I-PA-15663/679563500/ |
Imagine this setting: An employee named Jack reaches work on his tenth anniversary and gets a gift card with a sticky note on his table. The note is from his boss, recognizing his anniversary. Recognizing it did not even contain a thank-you or congrats, Jack rolls his eyes.
Though a lot of firms run employee-recognition programs of some kind, all too often, they make reactions like Jack’s. Instead of giving individuals an expressive sense of gratitude, they become just one more box for bosses to check and are detached from workers’ accomplishments. Few firms try to make programs more pertinent by giving paystubs and particular awards to individuals who have, say, formed and led a significant new initiative, “personified” the firm’s values in their behavior, or had a significant influence. Yet that tactic has issues also: Awards can be seen as a leading chance for a selected few — and leave the mainstream of the personnel feeling left out and ignored.
If bosses made a larger group of workers feel valued, the benefits would be substantial. Adam Grant and Francesca Gino have found that when individuals experience appreciation from their boss, they are more dynamic. An additional researcher lately found that teams perform chores better when their members believe their coworker’s respect and appreciate them.
Nonetheless, in our shared 50-plus years of working to improve firms, we have witnessed that many bosses try to make employees feel that their aptitudes and contributions are perceived and valued. To explore this issue, we later took a deep dive into a firm to see how organizational efforts to show gratitude and appreciation were perceived. We involved employees and bosses in that project through focus groups, survey questions, and learning sessions. And we learned that even though managers feel it is challenging to show their workforce gratitude, the workers think it is pretty simple.
The gap between bosses and employees
Our debates surfaced remarkable gaps between bosses’ and employees’ views. First, there was a primary difference between how much bosses appreciated workers and how appreciated workers felt. We wonder if the delusion of transparency, or folks’ propensity to misjudge how noticeable their emotions are to others, explains this: Bosses wrongly assumed workers knew how they felt about them.
Second, numerous bosses stated that communicating appreciation looked difficult. Few struggled to balance it with developmental feedback and dreaded sending mixed messages to workers. Few were worried that their efforts to give appreciation to all workers would be routine and seen as objective and worthless. Employees, in contrast, did not see this as a difficult task and rapidly spoke the particular ways bosses could successfully express appreciation. Here is what they told us bosses needed to do:
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Be intentional with daily conversations
Employees and bosses similarly are often entrenched with the idea that “everybody is replaceable.” When you give a new task, for instance, go beyond the elementary “Here is the contact information for your next design client,” and repeat why you value somebody’s work: “You did an outstanding job designing that website the previous week. We have a new client who looks fussy, and as your work is so detail-oriented, I think you are the single one for the task.”
Or, as you start giving individuals more challenging work, visibly acknowledge what you are doing plus why: “You nailed your presentation during the meeting the previous week; therefore, I think you can handle a monthly client presentation with a few of our big accounts.”
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Challenge the employees
Not all tasks are simple on the job. It is significant to balance that sound work with challenging projects. When you merely dole out monotonous tasks (or tasks under somebody’s skill level), you are transmitting that you do not genuinely need their particular, individual talents.
Conversely, when you allot an employee a challenging chore and essentially put your trust in them to see it through, what you are conveying is, “I know you can do this task, and I trust you to do an amazing job.”
I furthermore sensibly choose employees for the assignment of training new appointments—giving individuals this responsibility conveys that you do not merely think they are doing a fantastic job in their daily work, but that you wish incoming employees to develop their similar habits, expertise, and attitude.
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Recognize them as individuals
To lift team confidence and increase employee motivation and performance, it is good to do something for your whole team—like cooking lunch or bringing in donuts.
To make individual workers feel valued, it is good to single them out and reward them according to their achievements – and with something that the remaining of the team will not essentially get. Thus, for instance, if a worker’s gone making an internship program for the summer, let them miss out on a day of work to attend a hiring event at a nearby college.
Start by conveying more appreciation to those near you and see what comes about. You may be astonished at the giant difference that tiny things can make.
Also Read: Comparing MANA to AXS: Which One Has More Promising Future? | https://www.businessupside.in/ways-to-make-employees-feel-appreciated/ |
Thunberg, Nye stand up for environment — you can too
She is just one person. She is just a kid — a 16-year-old Swedish girl who has risen to global fame over the past week through her outspoken environmental activism.
Speaking at the Climate Action Summit in New York Monday morning, Thunberg thundered, pouring out her fears and pain to a room full of politicians from across the globe.
"You all come to us young people for hope. How dare you? You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words, and yet I'm one of the lucky ones. People are suffering. People are dying. Entire ecosystems are collapsing,” she said.
Global warming — whether you choose to believe in it or not — threatens the entire world population and nature as we know it.
Citing more than 30 years' worth of scientific studies and warnings about greenhouse gases, Thunberg criticized politicians for not developing solutions and strategies to confront that threat.
"You say you hear us and that you understand the urgency. But no matter how sad and angry I am, I do not want to believe that. Because if you really understood the situation and still kept on failing to act, then you would be evil. And that I refuse to believe,” said Thunberg, who spoke at length on a proposed emissions reduction plan that may still fall short of stopping the degradation being caused by fossil fuel use.
Thunberg is just one person. But she tries to walk the walk. According to a BBC report, she traveled to New York by ocean on a racing yacht, eschewing air travel due to its significant contributions to emissions.
You can make the same kind of statement to the people in your town by turning off your car in the drive-through line at a fast food restaurant. You are saying, “I do not want you to breathe my car’s smogulous smoke while you wait for your burger and fries. I respect your right to breathe clean air.”
People might notice this small action, and if they understand it, they might start doing it too.
Another example of a way to deter carbon emissions is to stop buying so much stuff online. Those products you saved $3 by buying with your Amazon Prime membership have to travel, often by airplane from Taiwan, to a warehouse by semi, then have to be hauled to your local post office, or UPS or FedEx, which then has to drive it to your doorstep, releasing emissions all the way, using those precious fossil fuels we are ravaging the delicate coasts of Alaska to get.
Carbon dioxide emissions, primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels, have risen dramatically since the start of the industrial revolution. Most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions come from a relatively small number of countries. China, the United States, and the nations that make up the European Union are the three largest emitters. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions are highest in the United States and Russia, according to the Center For Climate and Energy Solutions.
The nonprofit C2ES, formerly called the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, suggests a multipronged approach to bringing society together in making lasting, positive changes.
"Major companies across the economy are demonstrating climate leadership by reducing their emissions, developing innovative low-carbon technologies, and supporting more ambitious government policies," says the web site at c2es.org.
It espouses technological solutions. Here in northeastern Indiana, Brightmark Energy, a factory set to open next year in Ashley, will employ an innovative process to convert waste plastic to fuels and industrial wax.
Along with trying to make changes, C2ES says "public and private sectors must act now to strengthen our resilience to the unavoidable impacts of warming that’s already underway."
It provides a 93-page guide for reviewing community resources to prepare for extreme heat, flash flooding, power outages, drought and wildfires. Separate fact sheets are available for organizations and businesses battening down the hatches for the effects of climate change.
Bill Nye, who we have known as the Science Guy for around 30 years, has adamantly taken up the climate change platform. He has not been mincing words when it comes to the urgency of the problem.
Nye explains the scientific fundamentals of climate change in under five minutes.
By the time today's children are middle aged, says Nye, the levels of atmospheric CO2 will reach twice that of that our longtime natural level.
"That is why we are already seeing the temperature increase and we are already seeing the consequences," says the video. "Four percent more moisture in the atmosphere over the ocean is enough to transition to a new normal — dramatic weather events, storms, floods, fires. They are all happening at a frequency and intensity that we have never experienced throughout human history."
Nye says we can stop the worst of the devastation.
"The first step is to separate fact from fiction," says the video. With volumes of scientific research, climate change should not be a subject of opinion or politics, says Nye.
He encourages affordable, clean, technological energy sources that can create jobs and improve the economy; like Brightmark.
Nye — who can be heard talk about climate change in angry expletives on CNN and late night TV, for those who are more moved by that — says it is time to "cease the debate and the denial and move on to solutions together."
Waste Not is a weekly column highlighting conservation and the responsible, sustainable use of products and resources. Readers are encouraged to email tips, ideas and concerns to [email protected].
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Majority of Indians surveyed are skeptical about travelling in the next 30 days despite the government opening flight services as the number of coronavirus cases now averaging at around 7,000 per day in the country.
Follow latest updates on the COVID-19 pandemic here
The government on May 25 permitted the resumption of limited flight services by implementing a model in which the airport and the operating airlines will follow a set of precautions and observe social distancing norms.
However, only 21 percent of respondents said one or more members of their household will likely be taking a flight within the next 30 days, according to a survey by community social media platform LocalCircles.
The survey revealed that only 10 percent said they have booked tickets and will travel soon while 11 percent said they have not made the bookings yet but will make it soon.
A maximum of 76 percent said they do not have any plans to travel currently, it added.
Also Read: Coronavirus India update: State-wise total number of confirmed cases, deaths
LocalCircles conducted the survey with over 16,000 respondents from over 212 districts across India, in which 71 percent were men while 29 percent were women, 49 percent respondents were from tier I, 34 percent from tier II, and 17 percent of respondents were from tier III, IV and rural districts.
Meanwhile, the government had also announced recently on running 200 special trains from June 1, which will be in addition to 30 air-conditioned trains that are already running since mid-May.
About 88 percent said they have no plans to travel while only 4 percent said they have already booked tickets and will travel soon.
A small 6 percent also said that they will be booking their tickets soon indicating that one or more members of only 10 per cent households will likely be taking a train in June, the survey pointed out.
Most of those who are travelling by flights are primarily the ones who were stranded due to sudden lock-down on March 25 or individuals on temporary assignment or studies in different cities and going back home or those wanting to visit aged or unwell family members or be with them, it added. | https://www.deccanherald.com/national/coronavirus-majority-of-indians-skeptical-about-travelling-in-next-30-days-says-survey-842078.html |
Tatiana Maslany didn't win the Emmy for a single performance, but for the nuance she brought to an entire ensemble.
Tatiana Maslany’s performance in Orphan Black, in which she portrays more characters than the Television Academy could even fit on the ballot, finally earned her an Emmy on Sunday after three years of critical praise. Maslany, who took home the trophy for Best Lead Actress in a Drama Series, has changed how we think about character work.
There’s a well-worn refrain that Orphan Black fans find themselves repeating constantly, even after four seasons: “I forget I’m watching the same person.” It’s true, and you do forget. But Maslany’s Emmy win isn’t just about versatility or being able to remember a lot of lines. It’s about the way that Maslany inhabits every character so fully, giving each a degree of intimate knowability that some characters fail to achieve in entire seasons that focus on them alone.
The Emmy-winning performance isn’t just in playing a bunch of characters with different accents and wardrobes; it’s in the way that Cosima holds herself; Alison’s anxious ticks; Rachel’s angular, measured dedication to her cause; the way Sarah’s entire body vibrates with the need to protect her family; Helena’s singular understanding of the world, despite it’s attempts to keep her on the fringes; the way that Beth’s eyes dull slowly and her shoulders sag progressively under the the burden of bearing the truth alone.
But that’s only half of what makes Maslany’s work Emmy-worthy. The other half is the careful attention to the elements that these characters share, the way they’re so different, but are joined by common threads, divergent but cut from the same genetic cloth.
Orphan Black succeeds on the strength of Maslany’s performance, and it hinges on her ability to live in a set of characters who share the same face but live fundamental truths. Here are Maslany’s most impressive clone performances, with drawings by Jamie Loftus.
It wouldve been easy to write Krystal off as a gimmick — nothing more than further evidence of Maslany’s incredible range, proving that she handle blonde and self-absorbed as deftly as she does dark and brooding. But in typical Orphan Black fashion, Krystal isn’t what she seems.
Doing her best Harriet the Spy impression by night, Krystal managed to get close to Dyad and the Neolutionist plot without any help from Sarah and the rest of the Pink Phone Clone Club. She was pretty wide of the mark when it came to what, exactly, she was looking for, but Krystal’s no dummy. She knows how to use people’s perception of her to get what she wants, and the delicate, nuanced self-awareness that Maslany brings to the character is what makes her more than a throwaway cog in the Clone Machine.
One of the most resonant clones from the moment that we meet her, MK is our newest addition. She’s not an easy character to get to know with her bevy of covered tracks, paranoia, and unwillingness to reveal much of anything. But her fear, genius, and connection to Beth make her a rich character that we keep discovering.
Rachel is easy to hate. She’s cruel, she’s a jackass, and she’s threatened the lives of the Clone Club nine ways to Sunday.
But the mark of a great character — a great villain — is a demonstrated ability to make us sympathize with them, even after they’ve done awful things to the characters we like. Rachel’s remarkable turn revolves around the fact that she may not be the villain at all. She’s a product of her environment and one of the clearest examples of Orphan Black’s central nature vs. nurture theme. She’s Sarah’s foil, but there’s something deeply affecting about seeing some of Sarah’s core truths come through in Rachel’s eyes (er, make that singular eye).
Like Krystal, Alison could’ve been inconsequential or even laughable in the hands of a lesser actor. But in Maslany’s hands, Alison’s character is so fine-tuned that the way she clears her throat becomes almost as important as the lines she says.
Alison is high-strung and occasionally difficult, but it’s her vacillating moral compass that provides the real draw for the character. Maslany’s Alison is polite and extremely concerned with outward appearances, but underneath the Stepford-grade gardening gloves, she has quite a bit of blood on her hands.
There’s no clone that’s more immediately likable than Cosima. Bonafide puppy, brilliant scientist, and often the optimistic force that keeps the Clone Club from collapsing under the weight of its own darkness, Cosima is kind and compassionate, but like Krystal, she’s more than she seems.
Beneath the surface, Cosima has plenty of anger, fear, and ferocity when the occasion calls for it. Constantly bearing her burdens, she’s strong but isn’t without the fissures that make her feel alive and electric. We’ve seen Cosima interact with her sisters Scotty and Delphine with tenderness, but also with suspicion and anger. Cosima feels so real because Maslany makes sure that we can recognize pieces of ourselves in her, whether it’s what we wish we were or the ugly things we wish we could change.
The moment we met Beth was the same moment she died. For us, she’s always been a clone of the past. But Season 4 foregrounded Beth’s lethal pursuit of answers that culminated in the opening scene of the pilot episode.
Maslany’s Beth is so clearly tortured, destroyed by a sudden loss of self, that she hums with a pain that we can’t help but feel through the screen. Beth was so chaotic and desperate and she wanted so badly to be good that it made us ache for her, made us wish she’d lived so that we could’ve known her better. Maslany had us finally mourning the woman we’d watched die three seasons before, and she helped us understand the profound nature of Beth’s sacrifice and struggle. Through Beth, we uncovered a deeper understanding of Sarah and of the critical importance of understanding ourselves.
Another character who could’ve easily become a caricature with someone else’s rendering, Helena’s journey from de facto antagonist to one of the most complex and unexpectedly affecting clones. Though she was raised on a steady diet of cruelty and killing, Helena’s capacity for gentleness is a constant surprise, and Maslanys light comedic touch riding on the heels of Helena’s unforeseen sincerity is is a big part of what rounds out the show.
And watching Maslany playing Helena pretending to be Alison and murdering a bunch of drug dealers is an indisputable highlight of the entire series.
Sarah’s changes — her development, regression, growth, doubt, and deepening understanding of her sisters — are what drives Orphan Black forward. As we see Maslany playing Sarah pretending to be Beth or Rachel or Cosima, it’s abundantly clear that Maslany’s ability to live in these characters isn’t just surface-level. The genius lies in the things you can’t write — the way that Sarah doesn’t look quite at home in Beth’s clothes or home, the way she can’t quite pull off Cosima’s easy vibe, or the way she can tap into Rachel’s calculating meanness but can never quite own it.
Obvious though it may seem, Sarah’s the clear winner for top clone. She may be the most “normal” in that she’s not an assassin, an anxious housewife, or a puppy scientist, but Sarah’s our window into this world. It’s through the the strength of her character that the entire world stands up, and it’s through Sarah’s efforts that we strip away the many unsettling layers of Leda, Castor, Dyad, Neolution, and the whole damn tangled web we weave. | https://www.inverse.com/article/21153-tatiana-maslany-emmy-clones-orphan-black-ranked |
Emergency and conflict in countries such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Haiti and Afghanistan have made us more aware of the long-term serial disruption and psychosocial damage faced by people caught up in emergency and conflict areas. Open, distance and flexible learning (ODFL) has sometimes been employed in these regions to maintain a degree of continuity in education. For the most part, however, this role has been ad hoc, short-term and often bearing limited relation to the psychosocial and educational needs of the displaced or traumatised populations it serves. // But could ODFL play a more planned, significant and relevant role in emergency and conflict regions and if so, how? This paper will address this core question. We identify particular aspects of ODFL programmes, which are especially useful in reaching and extending basic and secondary education to hard-to-reach children and those in emergency and conflict contexts. Through a specific case study of the recent conflict in Sri Lanka, we show how ODFL is currently being used for these groups and to what effect. We argue that by building on proven achievements and integrating ODFL more systematically into the existing national planning for conflict and emergency zones, it could play a significant and cost-effective role in these regions and also, more widely, in facilitating links between the non-formal and formal sectors and improving the quality of provision.
AuthorMorpeth, Ros
Creed, Charlotte
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Utilisation of Mobile Telephony and Social Media to Enhance Educational Continuity to Internally Displaced Students in the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon between 2017 and 2019 Bih, Fon L (Commonwealth of Learning (COL), 2019-09)This paper investigates how internally displaced university students from the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon are using mobile phone/social media to continue their education in the war ...
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Feasibility of Open Schooling in Disturbed Societies: The Case of Afghanistan Mitra, Sushmita (Commonwealth of Learning, 2014)Most countries have enshrined the right to education in their constitution but, in reality, to fulfil this commitment, countries do face a number of challenges. And this is true with the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, ...
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Situational Analysis & Baseline Study of Open, Distance & Flexible Learning in the Technical Education, Vocational & Entrepreneurship Training Sector in Zambia Du Vivier, Ed (Commonwealth of Learning (COL), 2016-01)The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental agency, established by the Commonwealth Heads of Government to promote the development and sharing of innovative approaches to the provision of learning for ...
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Access and success of distance learners through ICTs at School of Distance Learning and Continuing Education (SDLCE), Kakatiya University Rajalingam, P; Chandraiah, Esampally (2010-11)Open and Distance Learning (ODL) represents an approach that focuses opening access to education and training through ICTs. The benefits of ODL are freeing learners from the constraints of time and place and offering ... | http://dspace.col.org/handle/11599/2059 |
Exit strategy recommendations and plan: Outline your change management strategy for transition after the acquisition.
Specifically, you must address the following criteria:
- Change management strategy: Using Kotter’s change model as a guide, explain each step of the change management strategy that you recommend. Your response should address the following:
- How will you create a sense of urgency?
- How will the guiding coalition continue to guide the change? Who will they impact? Identify which critical tasks from the acquisition road map the guiding coalition should complete. Also, determine the expected timelines for these tasks to be completed.
- What is your strategic vision for the company, its operations, and its employees after the acquisition?
- What is the plan for enlisting a group of employees to get other employees united around the common vision?
- What barriers to change do you foresee? How do you plan to remove them?
- How will you track progress?
- How will you communicate short-term wins?
- Summary: Summarize your strategy and assessment of risks.
- Describe the overall strategy that you recommend for the organization’s acquisition goals.
- Explain how the strategy will fit in the business environment of the oncology market segment in the pharmaceutical industry. Consider using an external business environment analysis to inform your conclusions.
- Risks: Identify three potential risks that may be associated with your recommendation and explain steps the organization can take to mitigate those risks. | https://besthomeworkmarket.com/2022/06/08/exit-strategy-recommendations-and-plan-outline-your-change-management-strategy/ |
As modern technology has evolved to address the needs and desires of adults, it's also affected the way — or how often — children use technology. Although so-called screen time has been a blessing for many parents, a new study is outlining some alarming repercussions.
In a study that was presented at the 2017 Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting on May 4, researchers led by Dr. Catherine Birken found a link between screen time and speech delays in children between the ages of six months and two years. The study has yet to be published for public viewing, however, the findings presented at the meeting have been widely reported.
According to CNN, the study had the parents of 900 different children record the amount of time their children spent using tablets, smartphones, or other gaming devices. Researchers then examined the children's speech using different language tests.
Of the 900 participants, 20 percent spent 28 minutes a day looking at a screen by the time they were 18 months old. The bad news? With every 30-minute increase in daily screen time, researchers noted a nearly 50 percent increased risk of speech delay — meaning a difficulty with producing speech sounds, as opposed to gestures.
That being said, this is the first study of its kind and more research will also need to be done on whether different types of content could have varied effects on children. In an interview with CNN, Dr. Birken explained, "It's the first time that we've sort of shone a light on this potential issue, but I think the results need to be tempered [because] it's really a first look."
For now, Dr. Birken is advising parents to avoid screen time for any children younger than 18 months old. | https://me.popsugar.com/mom/Study-Finds-Link-Between-Screen-Time-Speech-Delays-43503162 |
When you think about Health, you may think about nutrition and exercise, but that is not the whole picture. The environment we inhabit on a daily basis plays an important role in supporting our health and wellbeing.
There are obvious ways that our environment can harm our health, such as the presence of air and water pollution, or mold, pests, and toxic materials in our homes, but it is less obvious how our environment can actually improve our health and wellbeing.
The architecture of landscape, buildings, and interiors, and the planning of urban space are currently undergoing a design revolution. In this new era of big data, studies have emerged that allow the design community to use a process known as evidence-based design. This design strategy uses data from scientific studies and case studies to apply solutions that will more effectively support human health and wellbeing, and, therefore, a successful project, instead of relying on personal experience and intuition.
Many of these studies confirm what before was just a feeling about what makes a space feel good, but more importantly they help the Architect clearly communicate the importance of certain aspects of the design more clearly to the client, and can also identify to policymakers and those in the public sector where investments in infrastructure can have the most benefit.
We intuitively know that a space with abundant natural light feels better than a dim space with few windows, but why is that the case, and what are the tangible benefits? It turns out that one of the most important health benefits of any environment is to feel a direct connection to nature. The term “Biophilia” was coined by a biologist, E.O. Wilson, in 1984, to describe humanity’s need for a connection to other living things. His hypothesis posits that built into our DNA are pre-programmed responses to our physical surroundings, developed as we evolved in a natural environment.
Studies have confirmed that humans do have physiological responses to certain environmental stimuli. Having a connection to nature has been shown to reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and speed healing. A famous study by Roger Ulrich in the same year that Wilson published his book on Biophilia, found that, all other things equal, hospital patients with a view to nature vs. a view to a brick wall had reduced hospital stays, needed less pain medication, and were more congenial with the nursing staff. A recent study by the University of Melbourne found that as little as a 40 second view of nature can significantly increase cognition and productivity.
Daylight, specifically, has a strong effect on our wellbeing. A noteworthy study by the Heschong Mahone Group found that classrooms with abundant natural daylight increase test scores. Our waking and sleeping cycles, known as Circadian Rhythms, are triggered by exposure to sunlight. You may be aware that, to get a good night sleep, you should limit exposure to bright lights or screens at night, but you may not know that your sleep is also affected by the amount of daylight you experience during the workday. Without a good dose of daylight, you may have trouble sleeping at night. According to the American Medical Association, disrupted circadian rhythms can have more long-term health effects, including increased risk of cancer.
Beyond daylight there are other less obvious ways environments make us feel good or bad. For instance one finding that may surprise some designers is that our eyes and brains are tuned to the fractal geometries that exist in nature, and we respond well to those patterns that evolutionarily provided protection and sustenance, such as the branches of an Acacia Tree from the cradle of humanity, the African Savannah. Stark settings such as those found in ultra-modern design actually have the negative effect of sensory deprivation. The satirical website “unhappy hipster” does a good job capturing how hard it is to feel comfortable in spaces that use a limited design palette.
There are many other similar lessons for how the built environment affects our wellbeing, and it really gets interesting when you start using health as a lens to understand and apply environmentally sustainable design, because the environment may by definition sound like something outside or separate from the human experience, but when you understand how much that environment directly affects your own personal and community wellbeing it becomes much more imperative.
That is why I am organizing a summit that explores health and wellbeing in the built environment in my role as Board Member of the Connecticut Green Building Council and Co-Facilitator of the Connecticut Living Building Challenge Collaborative. We have a packed schedule of high quality presentations from a variety of experts. It will be on April 28-29th in New Haven, CT, and you can find out more at this website, www.nessbe.net.
Melissa Arminio Kops, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, LFA is a LEED and Living Future accredited Project Architect at Pirie Associates, and has 15 years experience in the profession. She is an advocate for sustainable design in New Haven, and is an ambassador for the Living Building Challenge, the most advanced certification for sustainability in the built environment. She is available to give presentations to groups or organizations who are interested in learning more about it. | https://www.pirieassociates.com/blog/health-of-place |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mowing/pruning machine capable of mowing and pruning tree branches efficiently at a place in a quite wide range and having a simple device constitution and excellent maintenance performance.
SOLUTION: A mowing/pruning machine 10 is attached at an arm Y tip of heavy equipment X such as a hydraulic shovel and includes: a base plate 12; a driving sprocket 14 arranged at one edge of the base plate 12; a driven sprocket 16 arranged at the other edge of the base plate 12; a plurality of fixed blades 18 arranged along a peripheral edge of the base plate 12; a roller chain 20 wound around the driving sprocket 14 and driven sprocket 16; a plurality of rotation blades 22 arranged at predetermined intervals along an outer periphery of the roller chain 20; and suppression means 24 suppressing floating of the rotation blades 22 driven to rotate.
SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
COPYRIGHT: (C)2018,JPO&INPIT | |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display unit and a display control method therefor, and more particularly to a color light source type liquid crystal display unit which performs full-colored display by allowing a back light of three primary colors to emit light in time-sharing manner and the display control method therefor.
Recently, with the developments of so-called office automation, OA equipment represented by word processors, personal computers and the like have been widely employed. Furthermore, as a result of spread of such OA equipment in offices, there is a demand for transportable OA equipment which can be used in both offices and the outdoors, so that size and weight reductions of them are desired. As a means for attaining such purpose, liquid crystal display unit has been widely used. Particularly, liquid crystal display unit is indispensable technical means for realizing low power consumption in transportable type OA equipment driven by battery, but not for merely in size and weight reductions for OA equipment.
Meanwhile, liquid crystal display unit is generally classified into reflection type and transmission type display unit. Reflection type liquid crystal display unit has a structure wherein the light rays inputted from the surface of a liquid crystal panel is reflected by the bottom surface thereof to recognize visually an image, while transmission type display panel has a structure wherein an image is recognized visually by transmitted light from a light source (back light) disposed on the bottom surface of the liquid crystal panel. Since an amount of reflected light is variable in reflection type display panel according to environmental conditions, it is inferior in visual recognition, but because of its low cost, it has been widely spread as monochrome (for example, black/white display and the like) display unit for pocket calculator, timepiece and the like. However, such reflection type liquid crystal panel is not suitable for use in personal computer and the like by which multi-colored or full-colored display is carried out. For this reason, transmission type liquid crystal display unit is generally used for a display unit in personal computer by which multi-colored or full-colored display is realized.
On one hand, the existing color liquid crystal display unit is generally classified into STN (Super Twisted Nematic) type display unit and TFT-TN (Thin Film Transistor-Twisted Nematic) type display unit in view of a liquid crystal material to be used. Although manufacturing cost of STN type display unit is comparatively inexpensive, since crosstalk occurs easily in this type of display unit, besides response speed thereof is comparatively slow, there is such a problem that it is not suitable for display of moving picture. On the other hand, TFT-TN type display unit has higher quality in its display quality than that of STN type display unit, but the former requires highly luminous back light, because transmittivity of liquid crystal panel is only around 4% in the existing circumstances. For this reason, power consumption due to back light increases in TFT-TN type display unit, so that there is a problem in use thereof in transportable type OA equipment which is driven by battery power source. In addition, TFT-TN type display unit involves problems of slow response speed, particularly slow response speed in gray-scale, narrow viewing angle, difficult adjustment in color balance and the like.
Moreover, in conventional transmission type liquid crystal display units, a color filter type display unit having such structure that a back light of white light is utilized, and the white light is selectively transmitted by the use of a color filter of three primary colors, whereby multi-colored or full-colored display is made has been generally employed. In such color filter type display unit, however, since display pixels are composed by scopes of adjacent three color filters as a unit, the resolution thereof decreases to ⅓ in reality.
As mentioned above, in conventional liquid crystal display units, particularly color liquid crystal display units, although STN type display unit is comparatively inexpensive, it involves problems of easy occurrence of crosstalk, comparatively slow speed in response speed, resulting in unsuitableness for moving display and the like, while TFT-TN type display unit involves problems of high power consumption, slow response speed, particularly that in gray-scale, narrow viewing angle, difficult to maintain color balance and the like, because of requirement for high luminous back light.
The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as mentioned above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a color liquid crystal display unit which is excellent in particularly response speed and viewing angle characteristics, and color balance of which is variable.
A further object of the present invention is to solve such problem involved in time-shared color liquid crystal displays that substantially half of light-emitting period of time in back light is not utilized, so that it is wasteful in view of efficiency and power consumption.
In view of the above, in the liquid crystal display unit and the display control method therefor according to the present invention, a liquid crystal panel wherein a ferroelectric liquid crystal or the like by which response in the order of several hundreds sec. to several μsec. is possible is combined with a back light by which light emission of red, green, and blue is possible in a time-sharing manner, and switching of the liquid crystal is synchronized with light emission of the back light thereby performing color display. In this case, writing scan for data with respect to the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel is carried out twice during sub-frame periods for emitting respective colors of red, green, and blue light. In this case, however, the first writing scan is carried out so as to display an image, while the second writing scan is made so as to erase a display state of the image.
Furthermore, the above described control is carried out in such a manner that a certain electric field is applied to the respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel in the first writing scan, while an electric field having the same intensity as that of the former electric field and having a reverse polarity to that of the former is applied to the respective pixels in the second writing scan of data.
Moreover, at the time of second writing scan, a liquid crystal panel is constituted in such that a direction along the molecular major axes (optical axis) of substantially all the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules is coincident with either polarization axis of two polarizing films being disposed in such a manner that both the polarization axes intersect with each other to sandwich the panel in the case when a voltage is applied to the respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel. Otherwise the polarity of a voltage to be applied to the respective pixels is optimized so as to realize such condition as described above. As a result, leakage of light beam from the back light during a period of time wherein respective pixels are in an undisplayed state is reduced.
Furthermore, in the liquid crystal display unit and the display control method therefor according to the present invention, a light-emitting region of the back light is divided into at least two light-emitting regions, and switching of light emission and extinguishment thereof is carried out in synchronous with scanning of writing scanning/erasing scanning of pixel data with respect to the liquid crystal panel. Thus, a period of time wherein the back light emits wastefully light is reduced to decrease power consumption.
Still further, in the present invention, the back light is allowed to emit light during only a period of time from the time at which writing scan of pixel data into the liquid crystal panel is completed to the time before erase scanning is started, whereby it becomes possible to contribute all the amount of light emission in the back light to execution of display.
The above and further objects and features of the invention will more fully be apparent from the following detailed description with accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in detail hereinafter in conjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrating the embodiments therefor.
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
is a block diagram showing an example of the constitution of a liquid crystal display according to the present invention, is a schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal panel and a back light in the display unit, is a schematic perspective view showing an example of the constitution of liquid crystal panel and back light, and is a schematic view showing an example of the constitution of LED array.
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
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In , reference numerals and designate a liquid crystal panel and a back light, respectively, sectional structures of them are shown in wherein the back light is composed of an LED array and a light guiding plate+a light diffusion plate as shown in FIG. .
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The liquid crystal panel has a structure that disposed between two polarizing films and as shown in FIG. and FIG. . More specifically, the liquid crystal panel is composed by laminating the polarizing film , a glass substrate , a common electrode , a glass substrate , the polarizing film , and the light guiding plate+the light diffusion plate in this order from the top side to the bottom side wherein pixel electrodes corresponding to individual display pixels arranged in matrix-form are formed on the face of the glass substrate , respectively, on the side of the common electrode . A liquid crystal driving control means comprising a data driver and a scan driver or the like and which will be mentioned hereinafter is connected across the common electrode and the pixel electrodes . Furthermore, individual pixel electrodes are subjected to ON/OFF control by means of TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) wherein a signal line and a scanning line of each TFT is selectively turned ON/OFF by the data driver and the scan driver , respectively, whereby the TFT is driven. Thus, intensity of transmitted light in each pixel is controlled by a signal from the signal line .
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An orientation film is disposed on the upper surfaces of the pixel electrodes on the glass substrate , and an orientation film is also disposed on the under surface of the common electrode . A spacing defined between these both orientation films is charged with a liquid crystal material to form a liquid crystal layer . Reference numeral designates a spacer for maintaining suitably a thickness of the liquid crystal layer .
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FIG. 4
The back light is positioned on the bottom of the liquid crystal panel with which is provided the LED array in a state wherein it is protruded from the light guiding plate+the light diffusion plate composing a light emitting region. As shown in a schematic diagram of , on the side of the LED array which is opposite to the light guiding plate+the light diffusion plate are arrayed successively and repeatedly LEDs emitting light rays of three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), respectively. The light guiding plate+the light diffusion plate guide the light emitted from the respective LEDs of the LED array to the whole surface of the light guiding plate+the light diffusion plate themselves, and at the same time diffuse the light towards the upper surface thereof thereby to function as a light emitting region.
FIG. 1
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In , to an image memory are given display data DD to be displayed on the liquid crystal panel from an outside source such as personal computer. The image memory stored once the display data DD therein, and then outputs data per each pixel unit (hereinafter referred to as “pixel data PD”) in synchronous with synchronizing signal SYN generated from a control signal generating circuit . The pixel data PD outputted from the image memory is inputted to a selector without any modification, and it is also applied to an inverted data generating circuit at the same time.
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The inverted data generating circuit is a circuit for generating inverted data of the pixel data PD outputted from the image memory , and the output signals therefrom are given to the selector as inverted pixel data #PD. Thus, to the selector are inputted the pixel data PD outputted from the image memory and the inverted pixel data #PD outputted from the inverted data generating circuit , and either data of them is outputted to the data driver in accordance with control signal CS given from the control signal generating circuit .
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The data driver controls ON/OFF in signal lines of the pixel electrodes in accordance with the pixel data PD or the inverted pixel data #PD outputted from the selector .
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From the control signal generating circuit are outputted synchronizing signal SYN, and it is applied to the scan driver , a reference voltage generating circuit , and a back light control circuit and driving power source , respectively.
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The scan driver controls ON/OFF in scanning lines of the pixel electrodes in synchronous with synchronizing signal SYN given from the control signal generating circuit . The reference voltage generating circuit generates reference voltage VR in synchronous with a synchronizing signal SYN, and the reference voltage YR is applied to the data driver and the scan driver .
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22
The back light control circuit and driving power source apply driving voltage to the back light in synchronous with synchronizing signal SYN given from the control signal generating circuit to make the LED array in the back light luminous.
FIG. 5
22
21
Display operation of the liquid crystal display unit as described above according to the present invention will be described hereinafter. is a time chart showing a relationship between light emission timing in LEDs of respective colors of the back light and scanning timing of respective lines in the liquid crystal panel and for explaining the principle of a first embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention.
5
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35
a
a
As shown in FIG. (), the LEDs of the back light are allowed to be luminous successively in the order of red, green, and blue in, for example, every 5.6 ms, and respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel are switched in synchronous with the light emission with a line unit to display an image. When display in 60 frames for 1 second is carried out, a period for one frame becomes 16.6 ms. The period for the one frame is further divided into 3 sub-frames in every 5.6 ms, and the LEDs of the respective colors of red, green, and blue in the back light are subjected to light emission in the respective frames. For instance, in the example shown in FIG. (), a red LED, a green LED, and a blue LED are allowed to be luminous in the first sub-frame, the second sub-frame, and the third sub-frame, respectively, in accordance with control of the back light control circuit and the driving power source .
In the case where each sub-frame and one frame are set to 5.6 ms and 16.6 ms, respectively, as mentioned above, it becomes possible to display about 60 frames in 1 second, so that luminance flicker in display is not observed in general by human eyes. However, this is a mere example, and accordingly, display may be carried out in 30 frames for 1 second as in, for example, television broadcasting as a matter of course.
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On one hand, writing scan into sub-frames of respective colors of red, green, and blue is carried out twice with respect to the liquid crystal panel by means of the data driver and the scan driver . However, the timing is adjusted in such that starting timing for the first writing scan (writing timing into the first line) is coincident with starting timing of each sub-frame, and further finishing timing for the second writing scan (writing timing into the final line) coincides with finishing timing of each sub-frame.
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21
Moreover, in the first writing scan, the control signal generating circuit makes the selector to output pixel data PD by means of control signal CS, and signals of voltage corresponding to the pixel data PD outputted from the selector are supplied from the data driver to respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel , whereby electric field is applied to adjust transmittance, so that an image corresponding to the pixel data PD is displayed. Hence, full-colored display is performed.
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In the second writing scan, the control signal generating circuit makes the selector to output inverted pixel data #PD by means of control signal CS, and signals of voltage corresponding to the inverted pixel data #PD outputted from the selector are supplied from the data driver to respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel , whereby electric field of reverse polarity having the same intensity as that which was applied to the respective pixels in case of the first writing scan is applied. As a result, display in the respective pixels of the liquid crystal panel is erased.
21
In a conventional liquid crystal display unit, after pixel data PD have been once written, control for erasing such data is not carried out, but such control for substituting directly the following pixel data PD for the previous data has been made. In the present invention, however, such control that pixel data PD are erased with inverted pixel data #PD in a predetermined cycle after having been written the pixel data PD as mentioned above is performed, so that a displaying period of time for a screen of the liquid crystal panel in all the pixels, in other words, a period of time wherein liquid crystal is in a display state in each pixel becomes equal to each other, and thus, no fluctuation in luminance occurs.
21
Furthermore, since voltage of signals supplied to each pixel of the liquid crystal panel in cases of either the first or the second writing scan is the one having the same magnitude and only different polarity, application of DC component to the liquid crystal is prevented.
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Meanwhile, since ferroelectric liquid crystal has polarity responsibility, it is decided whether incident light is allowed to pass through or it is prevented dependent upon the polarity of applied voltage, and further such ferroelectric liquid crystal has also memorization for maintaining such a situation as described above. For this reason, in case where either a relationship between polarization axes of the polarizing films and and a direction of molecular major axis of liquid crystal, or polarity of applied voltage is not optimum when voltages were applied to respective pixels as a result of the second scanning with respect to twice operations for one sub-frame being a characteristic feature of the present invention as mentioned above, the liquid crystal panel comes to be a state where back light beam is not completely prevented, so that either there arises mixed of color, or a case where no desired color can be displayed, resulting in decrease in image quality.
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FIG. 6
In these circumstances, according to the present invention, either the liquid crystal panel is constituted in such that a direction along each molecular major axis (optical axis) of substantially all the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules is coincident with either polarization axis of two polarizing films and which are disposed so as to put a panel therebetween and when polarization axes cross at right angles with each other as shown in a schematic diagram of , or the same situation is intended to maintain by making polarity of voltage applied to each pixel be optimum, when voltage is applied to each pixel of the liquid crystal panel by the second writing scan, whereby displayed image is positively erased.
Specific examples of the liquid crystal display unit and the display control method therefor will be described hereunder.
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FIG. 3
First, the liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. and was made as follows. A TFT substrate of matrix-shape having 12.1 inch diagonal line wherein an individual pixel electrode has 0.24 mm×0.24 mm pitch, and the number of pixel is 1024×768 was made. The resulting TFT substrate and a glass substrate provided with a common electrode were washed, then, polyimide was applied thereto by means of a spin coater, and baked at 200° C. for one hour, whereby polyimide films of each about 200 angstrom were formed as orientation films and . Furthermore, these orientation films and were rubbed with a cloth made of rayon, and these films were superposed one another while keeping a gap therebetween by the use of spacers each having an average particle diameter of 1.6 μm to obtain a vacant panel. A ferroelectric liquid crystal containing naphthalene-base liquid crystal as the major component was sealed in the gap defined between the orientation films and to prepare a liquid crystal layer .
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The panel thus made was sandwiched between two polarizing films (NPF-EG1225DU manufactured by Nittoh Denkoh Co.) and in a crossed Nicols state in such a manner that when ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer incline to one side, it results in a dark state, thereby preparing a liquid crystal panel . Then, the liquid crystal panel was placed on a back light , more specifically a light guiding plate+a light diffusion plate .
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FIG. 7
In the structure wherein the liquid crystal panel made as mentioned above was placed on the back light composed of an LED array and the light guiding plate+the light diffusion plate , the display control as shown in was carried out.
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b
In sub-frame periods of time for respective colors of red, green, and blue which are obtained by dividing equally 1 frame period of time of 16.6 ms into three sections as shown in FIG. (), writing scan with respect to the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel was carried out twice by line unit as shown in FIG. ().
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The first writing scan is carried out in such that a signal of voltage corresponding to each pixel data PD is applied with respect to respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel by line unit from the data driver while adjusting timing in such a manner that a starting timing of writing scan into the first line (line ) of the liquid crystal panel coincides with each other in the starting timing in respective sub-frames. The first application of the voltage to the respective pixels is carried out in every predetermined sifted periods of time from the first line to the final line in due order.
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As a result, the respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel are lit by line unit as shown in FIG. (). The lighting of the respective pixels is performed in every predetermined shifted periods of time from the first line to the final line in due order.
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The second writing scan is carried out in such that a signal having the same voltage as that of the signal and a different polarity of the signal applied in the first writing scan is applied with respect to respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel by line unit from the data driver while adjusting timing in such a manner that a finishing timing of writing scan into the final line of the liquid crystal panel coincides with each other in the finishing timing in respective sub-frames. Although the second application of voltage to the respective pixels is carried out in every predetermined shifted periods of time from the first line to the final line in due order as in the case of first writing scan, timing is adjusted as mentioned above in such that the finishing timing of writing scan into the final line of the liquid crystal panel coincides with each other in the finishing timing of the respective sub-frames, more specifically, starting timing of the second application of voltage to the first line is adjusted.
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As a result, the respective pixels of the liquid crystal panel become non-lighting state as shown in FIG. (). Transfer of the respective pixels into the non-lighting state is carried out in every predetermined shifted periods of time from the first line to the final line in due order.
FIG. 6
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Furthermore, as shown in the above-mentioned , structure of the liquid crystal panel was made optimum in such that the direction of molecular major axes (optical axis) of substantially all the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules was coincident with either of axes of polarization in two polarizing films and whose polarizing axes cross at right angles with each other in the case when voltage was applied to the respective pixels of the liquid crystal panel in the second writing scan. More specifically, the polarizing direction of two polarizing films and whose polarizing axes cross at right angles was made optimum.
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FIG. 1
2
When the display control as mentioned above is performed with respect to the liquid crystal panel having the constitution as described above by means of the system having the constitution as shown in , such a high-quality image displaying condition that there are no fluctuation in luminance, and no mixed of colors due to display colors other than that desired was realized. In this case, luminance in white display was 192 cd/m, and contrast ratio was 35:1.
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While in the above-mentioned embodiment, the polarizing direction of two polarizing films and whose polarizing axes cross at right angles with each other has been optimized, polarity of applied voltage may be adjusted in such a manner that the direction of the molecular major axes (optical axis) of substantially all the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules is coincident with either of axes of polarization of two polarizing films and whose polarizing axes cross at right angles with each other, when voltage was applied to the respective pixels of the liquid crystal panel in case of the second writing scan.
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Although ferroelectric liquid crystal has been used for the liquid crystal panel in the above-mentioned embodiment, the same effect as that described above can be obtained, as a matter of course, in also a liquid crystal display wherein a liquid crystal material other than the ferroelectric liquid crystal such as antiferroelectric liquid crystal is employed.
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Meanwhile, in the above-mentioned time-shared color liquid crystal display, only the half of the amount of light emission of the back light , more specifically of the LED array is utilized in the worst case, it is wasteful in view of power consumption. This is an important problem for transportable office automation equipment which is usually driven by battery. In this connection, the second embodiment wherein more reduction of power consumption can be realized in the above-mentioned display control method will be described herein.
FIG. 8
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The time chart of shows a relationship between an amount of light emission in the back light and a display condition in the liquid crystal panel in the above-mentioned first embodiment. As shown in FIG. (), it is arranged in such that in a sub-frame period of time of 5.6 ms, the first application of voltage begins at the same time of starting time of the sub-frame, and continues for 2.8 ms of the following period of time, while the second application of voltage begins at the time 2.8 ms passed from the starting time of the sub-frame and continues for a period of 2.8 ms succeeding thereto, i.e., until the time at which the sub-frame is completed.
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FIG. 8
In the event as described above, a period of time for lighting pixel is only ½ of one sub-frame during a period of time for 5.6 ms as shown in FIG. () in the case when viewed in each line unit. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. (), a light emission period of time being contributed actually by the back light is also ½, and the remaining ½ period of time is shaded and useless. In this case, if it is sufficient for a period of time shorter than the scanning period of time for liquid crystal panel of 2.8 ms indicated in , efficiency for utilization of the back light is increased. However, in TFT made from amorphous silicon in the present state, its mobility is low so that remarkable reduction for scanning period of time is not expected.
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In order to solve the problem as described above, a region for light emission of the back light is divided into at least two blocks, and switching for light emission and extinguishing light is carried out in synchronous with writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to the liquid crystal panel in the second embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 9
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First, the principle of the second embodiment will be described. is a schematic diagram showing an example wherein the back light is taken up as an example, and a region for light emission thereof is divided equally into four blocks. In this example, a light guiding plate+a light diffusion plate are divided into equal four strip-shaped light-emitting region () to light-emitting region () with each shading film disposed in the direction of line in a liquid crystal panel , and further an LED array is also divided into four LED array blocks through in response to the former division. Each of the LED array blocks through contains the same number of red, green, and blue LEDs in each at least one LED, and light-emitting region () , light-emitting region () , light-emitting region () , and light-emitting region () are subjected to light-emission control by means of LED array block , LED array block , LED array block , and LED array block , respectively.
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Display control of the second embodiment according to the present invention involving such back light as described above will be described by referring to the time chart in FIG. .
FIG. 10
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As shown in , the back light is emitted and extinguished in synchronous with scanning of the liquid crystal panel . More specifically, light emission is made by the LED array block during a period for scanning respective lines of the liquid crystal panel corresponding to the light-emitting region of the back light , light emission is made by the LED array block during a period for scanning respective lines of the liquid crystal panel corresponding to the light-emitting region , light emission is made by the LED array block during a period for scanning respective lines of the liquid crystal panel corresponding to the light-emitting region , and light emission is made by the LED array block during a period for scanning respective lines of the liquid crystal panel corresponding to the light-emitting region , respectively.
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Thus, when each period of time for sub-frames of red, green and blue is made to be 5.6 ms, and each time of writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to the liquid crystal panel is made to be 2.8 ms, a period of time for light emission in the sub-frames of the respective light-emitting regions to becomes sufficient for 3.5 ms. Accordingly, 62.5% of reduction can be attained with respect to the case of 5.6 ms shown in FIG. . In other words, power consumption can be saved by about 37.5%. In this case, a period of time required for such condition that the respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel are in a display state (a data-writing state) is 2.8 ms as in the above-mentioned first embodiment, so that display luminance is not affected thereby. On the contrary, a period of time wherein the back light is not lit becomes prolonged in a situation where light from the back light is not desired to essentially come through the surface of the liquid crystal panel , i.e., a period wherein the respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel are in an undisplayed state (ratio in extinguishing light of the back light is 0% in the above-mentioned embodiment). For this reason, improvements are also attained in view of contrast ratio, and purity in display color.
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Relationships in ratio of light-emitting period of time in comparison of the numbers of division with the case where a light-emitting region of the back light has been divided versus the case where no division has been carried out are shown in the following Table 1.
TABLE 1
Number of Division
Light-emitting
in Light-emitting
Period of Time
Ratio (vs. Case of
Region
(ms)
No Division)
1
5.6
100.0
2
4.20
75.0
4
3.50
62.5
6
3.26
58.3
8
3.15
56.3
10
3.08
55.0
20
2.94
52.5
50
2.856
51.0
100
2.828
50.5
22
B
B
B
R
*N
As is apparent from Table 1, with increase in the number of division for light-emitting region if the back light , a light-emitting period of time for each light-emitting region during a period for each sub-frame decreases. In this case, when number of division in light-emitting region is represented by N, a ratio R of light-emitting period of time with respect to the case of no division is expressed by the following equation:
=0.5+1/(2)
A result becomes gradually close to 50% with increase of the number of division in light-emitting region. Accordingly, the larger number of division Nin light-emitting region results in the higher power consumption up to 50% at the most.
22
In the above description, although a light-emitting period of time has been equally divided in response to the number of division in the light-emitting region if the back light , and timing for emission/extinguishment of light has not been overlapped each other, such timing may be allowed to overlap each other if required, as a matter of course.
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FIG. 11
Specific examples of the second embodiment according to the present invention as mentioned above will be described hereinafter wherein the liquid crystal panel used herein is the same as that which has been used in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the display control as shown in the time chart of is performed.
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As shown in FIG. (), first, red light emission is successively carried out in every predetermined shifted periods of time during a period for one sub-frame in respective light-emitting regions , , . . . of the back light . Then, as shown in FIG. (), during light emission of the light-emitting region in the back light , writing scanning/erasing scanning of pixel data, more specifically writing scanning of pixel data PD/writing scanning of inverted pixel data #PD is carried out with respect to lines of the liquid crystal panel corresponding to the region under state of light emission. Namely, light emission of the respective light-emitting regions , , . . . in the back light are controlled in synchronous with control of writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to the respective lines of the liquid crystal panel . As a result, display is performed by realizing a lighting or a non-lighting state of the liquid crystal panel as shown in FIG. ().
Following to the above step, during each period for green sub-frames and each period for blue sub-frames, the same display control is carried out to complete one frame. When such one frame control as described above is repeated, display of 60 frames in 1 second is possible.
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In this embodiment, clear full color display being excellent in color purity could be realized. In time-shared color display, when each period for the respective red, green, and blue sub-frames was made to be 5.6 ms, periods of time of writing scanning/erasing scanning of data was made to be 2.8 ms, respectively, and a light-emitting region if the back light was divided into 4 blocks, a light-emitting period of time for the respective light-emitting regions , , , and could be reduced to about 3.5 ms, respectively. In this case, emission luminance of the single back light was 631 cd/m, while luminance in case of white display in combination with the liquid crystal panel was 190 cd/m, and contrast ratio was 43:1. Efficiency for utilization of amount of light emission in the back light was about 30%. Furthermore, as a result of examining power consumption of the back light , it was 19 W.
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As another example, actual display control was carried out under such condition that the same liquid crystal panel as mentioned above was employed, the back light was divided equally into ten blocks to prepare light-emitting regions , , . . . , further, each period of time for respective red, green, and blue sub-frames was made to be 5.6 ms, and periods of time of writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to the liquid crystal panel were made to be 2.8 ms, respectively.
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In this case, since the light-emitting region of the back light was divided into ten light-emitting regions , , . . . , a lighting period of time for each of the light-emitting regions , . . . could be reduced to about 3.1 ms. In this example, emission luminance of single back light was 560 cd/m, luminance in case of white display in combination with the liquid crystal panel was 194 cd/M, and contrast ratio was 51:1. Efficiency for utilization of amount of light emission in the back light was increased to about 35%. Further, as a result of examining power consumption of the back light , it was 16 W which is a lower value than that of the above-mentioned example.
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As described above, since the number of division for light-emitting regions in the back light was increased in the present embodiment, its contrast ratio was improved, besides power consumption decreased while achieving the equal white level to that of the above-mentioned example.
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As a comparative example with respect to the above-mentioned two embodiments, display control was performed by employing the same liquid crystal panel as that used in these two embodiments with no division of the back light .
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In this example, as a result of color displaying in time-sharing manner in such that light emission of the back light is controlled in synchronous with writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to the liquid crystal panel , clear color display being excellent in color purity could be obtained. However, when each period of time for respective red, green, and blue sub-frames (light-emitting period of time) was made to be 5.6 ms, and periods of time of writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to the liquid crystal panel were made to be 2.8 ms, respectively, emission luminance of single back light was 1009 cd/m, luminance in case of white display in combination with the liquid crystal panel was 192 cd/m, and contrast ratio was 35:1. Efficiency for utilization of amount of light emission in the back light was as low as about 19%, and power consumption for the back light was 31 W which was a higher value than that in both the embodiments wherein the above-mentioned light-emitting region if the back light was divided.
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As described above, when light emission was performed without dividing the light-emitting region of the back light , contrast ratio is low, and power consumption becomes high, although white level is equal to that of the above-mentioned two examples.
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In the above-mentioned respective embodiments and the comparative example, while ferroelectric liquid crystal has been used for the liquid crystal panel , the same effect is obtained also in a liquid crystal display wherein a liquid crystal other than ferroelectric liquid crystal such as antiferroelectric liquid crystal is employed, as a matter of course.
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As mentioned above, in the case where a light-emitting region of the back light is divided equally into blocks, they are successively emitted, and writing scanning/erasing scanning of data with respect to corresponding respective lines of the liquid crystal panel is carried out in synchronous with the light emission, efficiency for utilization of amount of light emission in the back light approaches gradually to 100% as described above, but does not reach 100%, when the number of division for a light-emitting region if the back light increases. In this respect, when such control that a light-emitting period of time for the back light is utilized at 100% efficiency, in other words, when the back light is allowed to emit light for a period of time wherein the light emission contributes only to display is carried out, it is very advantageous for transportable office automation equipment driven by battery.
FIG. 12
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is time chart for such display control as mentioned above in the third embodiment according to the present invention. It is to be noted that in the third embodiment, a light-emitting region of the back light is one as same as the first embodiment.
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In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. (), scanning for writing data at line unit as well as scanning for erasing data by applying a voltage which is the same as that applied in case of the former scanning and has reverse polarity are carried out with respect to respective pixels of the liquid crystal panel in respective red, green, and blue sub-frames during one frame period as in the above-mentioned respective embodiments. In this case, as shown in FIG. (), light emission is started at the time when writing data into the final line of the liquid crystal panel is completed in the respective sub-frames, while the light emission is stopped at the time before starting erasing of data on the first line of the liquid crystal panel in the respective sub-frames. In other words, the back light is controlled so as to emit light during only the period wherein all the pixels in the liquid crystal panel are in a display condition in the respective sub-frames. As a result, 100% of light-emitting period for the back light contributes to light emission display by means of the liquid crystal panel .
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FIG. 13
A specific example of the third embodiment as described above will be described hereinafter. Since the liquid crystal panel used herein is substantially the same as that used in the above-mentioned respective examples (except that scanning of TFT is made to be capable of dividing into two blocks, i.e., the upper and the lower sections), the explanation therefor is omitted, and the display control as shown in the time chart of was applied thereto.
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As shown in FIG. (), first, in a red sub-frame, writing scanning of pixel data PD/writing scanning of inverted pixel data #PD are carried out with respect to respective lines in the liquid crystal panel . As shown in FIG. (), the back light is allowed to emit light during a period of time from the time at which writing of the pixel data PD with respect to all the lines of the liquid crystal panel was completed to the time at which writing of the inverted pixel data #PD is started. As a result, as shown in FIG. (), display is carried out by realizing lighting and non-lighting of the respective pixels in the liquid crystal panel .
Following to the above step, the same display control is carried out also in each period of time for green and blue sub-frames to complete one frame. When such control for one frame is repeated, display of 60 frames for 1 second is possible.
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In such example as described above, clear full-colored display being excellent in color purity could be realized. In the time-shared color display, each period of time for the respective red, green, and blue sub-frames was 5.6 ms, and periods of time of writing scanning/erasing scanning of data of the liquid crystal display was made to be 1.4 ms, respectively. In this case, emission luminance of single back light was 510 cd/m, luminance in case of white display in combination of the liquid crystal panel was 201 cd/m, and its contrast ratio was 83:1. As a matter of course, efficiency for utilization of period for light emission in the back light is 100%. It is sufficiently high value with taking such fact that efficiency for utilization of amount of light emission in the back light is about 40% as well as loss due to polarizing films into consideration. As a result of examining power consumption of the back light , it was 14 W.
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As described above, in the third embodiment, although the driving therefor becomes somewhat complicated as compared with the above-mentioned respective embodiments, 100% of efficiency for utilization of period for light emission of the back light is utilizable. In other words, since the whole amount of light emission in the back light contributes to light-emitting display by means of the liquid crystal panel , it is very advantageous for the case of battery driving.
As fully mentioned above, according to the time-shared color liquid crystal display unit of the present invention wherein ferroelectric liquid crystal is used, a display unit which can achieve display of high quality without accompanying luminance fluctuation, mixed of colors due to display colors other than that desired, and the like problems in the whole area of display region is obtained.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, efficiency of utilization for back light can be improved without decreasing display quality, so that a display unit being clear and excellent in display quality and consumes low power is obtained.
As this invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit of essential characteristics thereof, the present embodiments are therefore illustrative and not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds thereof are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a block diagram showing an example of the constitution of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2
is a schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal panel and a back light used in the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3
is a schematic view showing a whole constitutional example of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4
is a schematic view showing a constitutional example of an LED array;
FIG. 5
is a time chart for explaining the principle of the first embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6
is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a direction along molecular major axes (optical axis) of liquid crystal molecules and directions of polarization axes of two polarizing films in the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7
is a time chart for explaining the first embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8
is a time chart showing a relationship between an amount of light emission in the back light and a display condition in the liquid crystal panel in the first embodiment of a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 9
is a schematic diagram showing a divided state in a light-emitting region of the back light in the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 10
is a time chart for explaining the principle of the second embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 11
is a time chart for explaining the second embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 12
is a time chart for explaining the principle of the third embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention; and
FIG. 13
is a time chart for explaining the third embodiment in a display control method of the liquid crystal display unit according to the present invention. | |
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Looking to avoid being caught in the crosshairs of increased scrutiny by the federal banking regulators (OCC, FDIC, Fed), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), New York Department of Financial Services (DFS), FinCEN, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and the state Attorneys General? Over the past several years, federal and state enforcement officials have shifted their focus to banks, other financial services providers, and directors and officers and other individuals connected with the financial services industry. The FDIC has filed 108 lawsuits against directors and officers of banks that were closed after the 2008 Great Recession; dozens of these filed cases have been settled, mostly from insurance proceeds. In 2014, the federal banking agencies engaged in over 650 formal enforcement actions, a level that remains significantly above pre-2008 crisis levels. Moreover, the size of penalties against banks has continued to increase with the DOJ and DFS playing an increasingly important role. The CFPB has continued its aggressive enforcement actions against banks and other financial services provides, focusing on indirect auto lending, servicing practices, and add-on products marketing.
Six of the nation's leading bank defense lawyers and former regulators will take an in-depth look at the priorities at the forefront of government civil and criminal enforcement efforts. They will review the latest cases, analyze litigation strategies and successful defenses. Topics will include:
- Consumer protection issues
- Bank safety and soundness (C&Ds, CMPs, Removals, Prohibitions, IMCRs)
- FDIC directors’ and officers’ suits, settlements and defenses
- Fair Lending and the implications of the Supreme Court’s recent “Disparate Impact” decision
- Enforcement against third parties (vendors, consultants)
- Criminal enforcement trends
- Compliance best practices and strategies to avoid and survive investigation
An interactive Q&A immediately follows the presentation.
Speaker: | https://www.venable.com/insights/events/2015/10/defending-bank-enforcement-and-fdic-do-suits-lates |
Food and Gastronomy in Latin America provides a grand tour of the region’s fundamental and global contributions to agriculture, foodways and gastronomy. The course begins with the emergence of agriculture in Mesoamerica, Highland South America and Lowland South America and explore how this development led to political complexification and the emergence of states and civilizations in Latin America. Case studies on important plant species domesticated in Latin America are presented. These foods are explored through the lens of the Great Columbian Biological Exchange (cf. Crosby) and the contributions of various peoples in Latin America to world gastronomy. Foodways of particular socio-linguistic groups and regions are examined in detail, with major case studies from Mexico and Peru that draw on themes of indigeneity, colonialism, identity and foodways, cultural fusion and appropriation and political ecology. The course also looks at the rise of high-end gastronomy in Latin America and global attention being paid to Latin American chefs who draw from various cultural and heritage elements in Latin America in pursuit of gastronomy. The course draws on the following disciplines: anthropology, sociology, geography, history, political science, ecology, biology, botany, zoology, among others. | https://www.latam.ufl.edu/academics/courses/food--gastronomy-in-latin-america-/ |
Arts and culture are an integral part of society and life in Mexico, and their many artistic and cultural achievements bring a great sense of pride to Mexicans. Mexican arts and culture are multi-layered and many faceted, reflecting the influences of the ancient and the modern, of its colonial and revolutionary past, as well as its many ethnic, mestizo and indigenous identities.
Mexico has a very rich art history with many of its artists finding inspiration in the country's ancient past and its modern revolutionary and contemporary history. Much of the country's art is preserved in the capital, Mexico City, where more than 200 museums celebrate and show the country's diverse artistic heritage--from pre-Columbian ceramic and jewelry to the religious art of Mexico's vice regal era, and from the world-renowned Mexican muralist masters to the country's famed modern and contemporary artists.
The aim of honoring Mexico at the Beirut Art Book Fair is to showcase the beauty and richness of Mexican culture by presenting a very good sample of art books and other outstanding Mexican publications which exemplify the magic variety and depth of visual and performing arts, architecture, design and photography in contemporary Mexican culture, who has also one of the most dynamic and strong publishing traditions in the Spanish speaking world.
Following the Mexican Revolution, the Mexican government supported the development of a new school of art to break with the dominance of the European tradition. This new movement sought to create a “real” Mexican art that would strengthen and reaffirm Mexican identity and the values of the Revolution. The Mexican Muralist movement was born in the 1920s as a means to provide a visual narrative of the post-Revolutionary vision of Mexican history and was driven by the ideal that art should be “by the public, for the public.”
The strength of this artistic movement was such that it affected newly invented arts such as photography and strongly promoted folk art and crafts as part of Mexico’s identity. Since the 1950s, Mexican art has broken away from the muralist Nationalist movement and has evolved, diversified and turned to be more globalized, integrating elements and influences from Europe, Latin America and Asia, with several remarkable Mexican artists, photographers and filmmakers having great success and impact on the global stage. | http://beirutartbookfair.com/page13/index.html |
The Health Care Industry Cybersecurity (HCIC) Task Force released its Report on Improving Cybersecurity in the Health Care Industry. The HCIC, which was established through the Cybersecurity Act of 2015, identified the following six key imperatives for increasing healthcare cybersecurity:
- Define and streamline leadership, governance, and expectations for healthcare industry cybersecurity. This includes calling for a single person within HHS to coordinate cybersecurity efforts, and for federal agencies to coordinate existing and future laws and regulations that affect the healthcare industry.
- Increase the security and resilience of medical devices and health IT. This includes working with stakeholders to make both legacy systems and new platforms more impervious to cyberattacks. It also calls for an emergency readiness team that would help respond to attacks across the industry.
- Develop the healthcare workforce capacity necessary to prioritize and ensure cybersecurity awareness and technical capabilities. Included here is the identification and training of individuals at every level of the cybersecurity chain that would be responsible for implementation of security devices.
- Increase healthcare industry readiness through improved cybersecurity awareness and education. This includes the development and implementation of executive training programs and further development of a risk assessment tool for healthcare providers, similar to the one currently used for HIPAA risk assessment.
- Identify mechanisms to protect research and development efforts and intellectual property from attacks or exposure. This would include safeguarding the massive intellectual and financial investments made in the research and development of medical devices and drugs. This includes intellectual property and trade secret theft.
- Improve information sharing of industry threats, risks and mitigation. This includes broadening and tailoring the scope and depth of information sharing among stakeholders, especially small- and medium-sized companies that do not have full-time cybersecurity staff. | https://www.reliasmedia.com/blogs/compliance-mentor/final-cybersecurity-report-released-by-hhs |
Offshore Inspection Group, Inc. (OIG) is a Texas corporation, located in Houston, Texas. The company was established in June 2010 to service the Energy Sector by providing experienced personnel and services to the Inspection and Surveying segments of Drilling, Commissioning, and Marine aspects of the oil and gas industry. OIG is a third party inspection representative with the purpose of eliminating non-productive time caused by preventable factors typically encountered in the equipment and service readiness process. In the current market, clients are forced to obtain these services through various companies, and in doing so, information is lost or omitted between the service providers, and in some cases, increases the overall cost of a client’s project. OIG enables clients to seek these services with a single provider; increasing the project’s success, reducing cost and errors consistently seen in the service readiness process in our industry.
Our expertise and capabilities rest within the offshore and onshore industry through third-party inspections of drilling equipment, including but not limited to the following, Subsea and Surface BOPs, DP system, Hulls, Topsides, Drilling or Production Equipment, and Client Representation (Oil and Drilling Companies). We specialize in commissioning, equipment specific inspections, acceptance testing (FAT, SIT, and IAT), infrared thermal imaging, HIL testing, and statutory required documentation, such as Hazardous Registry and Compliance Audits. By concentrating on ensuring safety, sharing knowledge with company personnel, complying with regulations, we help our clients improve their personnel’s knowledge and processes to ensure safe and compliant equipment.
1. OIG provide experts with proven knowledge, experience and in-depth knowledge, who are committed to OIG for a long-term career commitment to become an essential part of our OIG team.
2. We hold ourselves to the highest standards of ethics and safety, both in the way we conduct our business internally and the way we work with our clients.
3. We work as closely as possible with the industries standards organizations, regulatory bodies, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), oil companies, and drilling companies – to understand industry issues and drive positive results within our clients’ organizations and within our Energy Sector.
Our services address three main industry issues. First, the loss of qualified expertise in the industry has led to a requirement for experienced personnel who understand people, process and plant, who can recognize potential risks before they become issues that impact operations, and who are able and willing to share their knowledge for the improvement of the organization. OIG brings knowledgeable, experienced professionals who can fulfill the gaps left by the human resource shortage.
The second issue OIG addresses, is managing the advancement of technology, which is moving faster than the industry can assimilate it. We inspect and evaluate equipment and processes to identify weak areas caused by the changes driven by new technology and provide improvements thru standardized documentation and sharing knowledge with company personnel. We also work directly with the OEMs to make sure new assets are being manufactured, to the appropriate standards and are meeting the schedule. Our goal is to ensure that each segment of a project comes together correctly to achieve reliable operations as safe and efficiently as possible.
Finally, our services address issues, but not limited to, corporate and statutory compliance, environmental, and safety standards. In the face of tremendous change in the industry, OIG understands the regulations and assists our clients in maintaining safe and compliant operations with minimal risk. We review procedures to make sure they are the right ones for the situation, and we consider people, skill sets, equipment, and behaviors to determine overall effectiveness.
Our standardized inspection and documentation services can be tailored to each client’s operational requirements and processes. We are focused on getting the job done safely and correct, ensuring assets are running as designed. Our commitment to the industry and to our clients is unmatched.
When our clients choose Offshore Inspection Group, they are not just choosing an inspection company – they are choosing a partner who is 100% committed to the success of their operation.
Kelly McClelland is President of Offshore Inspection Group, Inc. (OIG). Prior to joining OIG, she held positions of Vice President, Treasury Manager & Project Manager at Post Oak Bank, Vice President of International Sales, International Business Consulting, and Product Management at Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. working with mid and large Energy clients, developing global financial solutions. Prior to working in the banking industry, Mrs. McClelland worked in the treasury department for Noble Drilling Corporation, Browning-Ferris Industries, and Enterra Petroleum Group. She holds a Master of Science in Information Management and a Bachelor of Science in Business Management.
Don McClelland is Chairman of Offshore Inspection Group (OIG), bringing 30 years of experience in the offshore industry with Dynamic Positioning (DP), subsea and drilling equipment, vessel inspections, factory acceptance testing, construction, and commissioning, working for KCA, Global Marine, Maersk Drilling, Neddrill/Noble Drilling Corporation, BP, Shell, Chevron, Global Maritime, and DNV. Previous to the above, Mr. McClelland worked as a Support Engineer, in the commercial computer industry; working with Honeywell, Data General, and IBM.
Dr Sharples is President of Offshore Risk & Technology Consulting Inc., USA. With over 35 years’ experience in offshore oil and gas exploration and production projects, Dr Sharples focuses primarily on technical risk analyses for financial and insurance interests, regulatory compliance and accident investigations. Prior to his current position, he headed the worldwide offshore business for American Bureau of Shipping as Vice President (six years) and previously President of Noble Denton & Associates Inc. Dr Sharples’ research work includes contracts for Minerals Management Service of the Department of the Interior (USA) on hurricane incident analyses, and developing recommended requirements for Offshore Wind Farms. He is currently a consultant to major oil companies on regulatory compliance and management of risk issues.
Dr Sharples holds a B.E. Sc Engineering Science from the University of Western Ontario, Canada, and a PhD. Structural Engineering from the University of Cambridge is a Registered Professional Engineer, a Fellow of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and Member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers and the Institute of Marine Engineers. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Offshore Energy Center (offshore drilling rig museum and learning center), in Galveston, Texas (USA), where he also serves in the Hall of Fame Pioneer selection committee. He serves as a Director of Keppel Offshore & Marine Ltd. and serves as a Member of Technology Advisory Panel of Keppel Corp. Singapore.
Charles J. McHardy is the Sr. Vice President (Technical) with International Registries Incorporated (IRI) and, while having a global role within IRI, he is based in Houston Texas. IRI is administrative and technical support to the Republic of the Marshall Islands Maritime and Corporate Registries. Prior to moving to IRI, Charles spent 30 years with DNV culminating in the position of Director of Maritime Operations for the US Gulf Coast District. He spent 18 years in Aberdeen Scotland accompanied by spells in the DNV Head Office in Hovik, Norway and London. His experience with DNV encompassed working with Fixed Offshore Installations, Mobile Offshore Units, Ships, Diving Systems and various levels of management, including serving as a member of the DNV Senior Management Council. Prior to his time with DNV, he served as a Marine Engineer and a Steelwork Manager building tankers and semi-submersibles at a major shipyard.
Mr. McHardy holds an Honors Degree in Shipbuilding and Naval Architecture from the University of Strathclyde as well as a National Diploma in Marine Engineering from the Glasgow College of Nautical Studies. | http://offshoreinspectiongroup.com/about-us/ |
In his exhibition “Im Dom” in the Secession’s main gallery, Tillman Kaiser presents mostly new large-format pictures and sculptures.
As the artist sees it, a church or cathedral is not a functional structure; synthesizing diverse arts—architecture, sculpture, and painting—it possesses a beauty that is an end in itself. With a nod to the Kantian idea of disinterested pleasure, Kaiser argues that all art—his, certainly—aspires to beauty in this sense. Made in the studio, his work does not depend on the interaction with a specific exhibition site. And yet the half-laconic, half-ironic title he has chosen for his show, which translates as In the Cathedral, transplants us into an ecclesiastical space and hints at the possibility of a spiritual experience. It is a deft stratagem, drawing a connection between the Secession—conceived at the dawn of modernism as a total work of art and “temple” of beauty—and his own oeuvre while questioning the institution’s status and signaling critical distance.
Kaiser’s pictures combine photography with painting and graphic art. Photographs recorded with a homemade camera obscura as well as cyanotypes and photograms made without the use of a camera are the material he subsequently reworks in a painterly process. When defects such as stray light in the camera occur, Kaiser embraces them as traces of contingency and an index of his creative process. An artist who is keen to point out that he should not be identified with what he does, he notes that wit and humor are key elements in his work.
Each photo from the pinhole camera with the impressive image size of 100 x 75 cm consists of several sheets of photographic paper, and his pictures, usually in large formats, are in turn composed of multiple photographs pasted onto the canvas. The basis of his works, then, is always already a collage, synthesizing different motifs as well as the iteration and variation of a single motif on one
surface and lending the pictures a distinctive rhythm and complexity.
He combines techniques that require preparation and planning and do not generally lend themselves to impromptu expression with painting, a medium in which gesture and the artist’s physical interaction with the canvas read as signals of immediacy, spontaneity, and expressiveness. Kaiser toys with this ambiguity on several levels, making his works scenes of a clash between contingency and planning, conception and improvisation. The artist’s emphatic distrust of simple explanations and inexhaustible delight in the enormous variety of the visible world recognizably informs his work.
Eyes, ritual masks, a model of a church, and other references from the artist’s studio are central motifs in his work, making frequent appearances in both pictures and sculptures. Most recently, the two genres seem to be coalescing: elements from the sculptures, cobbled together out of a variety of materials, figure in the pictures as photographic images; the sculptures, in turn quote structures and motifs from the pictures.
Folding and geometric forms as well as the use of straightforward and “poor” materials are the defining characteristics of Kaiser’s sculptures, objects, and three-dimensional wall pieces. Their sometimes futuristic shapes are also reminiscences of the avant-gardes and early modernism. The reference to avant-gardistic tendencies of the twentieth century is underscored by the artist’s choice of materials: forms folded out of cardboard and paper, sometimes in conjunction with found and repurposed everyday items, lend his objects the ephemeral aspect of models or prototypes. Just as crystalline patterns in prismatic repetition often constitute the compositional scaffolds of the paintings, the sculptures are constructed from reiterated geometric forms.
Patterns generated by the repetition and perspectival distortion of simple graphic elements sprawl over Kaiser’s canvases and tie the different elements of his compositions together. In an enormous mural produced on site, he isolates this design principle and demonstrates the fascinating effect of what is at bottom a simple but striking technique. | http://moussemagazine.it/tillman-kaiser-im-dom-at-secession-vienna-2019/ |
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WCMC attaches great importance to addressing safeguarding and ethical considerations in all activities carried out by its staff, including where partner organisations or individuals are part of the delivery of our work. This includes children and vulnerable adults in the community who may be vulnerable to abuse. WCMC act with integrity, are transparent and expect applicants to share the same values. This policy applies to all of those associated with WCMC, including staff, interns, fellows, advisors, trustees, volunteers and students. See our full safeguarding policy. | https://www.unep-wcmc.org/policies |
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Alumina has high melting point and boiling point, high hardness, insulator at room temperature and conductivity at high temperature. Alumina has been used as refractory for melting glass and steel since the 1920s. Zirconia ceramics are widely used in structural ceramics because of their high toughness, flexural strength, wear resistance, excellent thermal insulation and even their thermal expansion coefficient close to metal. In this paper, the important properties and mechanism of zirconia ceramics and its application in various fields are introduced.
What is zirconia ceramics?
Important properties and mechanism of zirconia ceramics
Application of zirconia ceramics
Conclusion
Zirconium dioxide is the main oxide of zirconium. Usually, it is a white, tasteless and tasteless crystal, insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid. It usually contains a small amount of hafnium dioxide. Chemical properties are inactive, with high melting point, high resistivity, high refractive index and low thermal expansion coefficient. Therefore, zirconia ceramics made of zirconia have excellent toughness, impact resistance, high-speed operation without damage, excellent wear resistance, higher density than other ceramic grinding media, higher efficiency than the main natural grinding. Based on the above excellent quality, zirconia ceramics can be said to be a very "suitable" grinding medium. As a new type of ceramic material, zirconia has excellent physical and chemical properties. It is an important raw material for refractories, high temperature structural materials, biological materials and electronic materials. It is also widely used in industrial production.
1. Melting point
The melting point of zirconia is 2715 C. High melting point and chemical inertia make zirconia a a better refractory.
2. High hardness and good wear resistance
They are widely used in cold forming tools and drawing dies because of their high strength and good wear resistance.
3. Strength and tenacity
They have greater strength, toughness and some metals have larger gap, but compared with other ceramic materials, zirconia ceramics in the "ceramic ring" are outstanding.
4. Low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient
The thermal conductivity of zirconia is the lowest in common ceramics, and its thermal expansion coefficient is close to that of metal. Therefore, zirconia ceramics are suitable for structural ceramics.
Among structural ceramics, zirconia ceramics are widely used in structural ceramics because of their high toughness, high flexural strength, high wear resistance, excellent insulation and thermal expansion coefficient close to steel. The main parts are: Y-TZP grinding ball, dispersed grinding medium, nozzle, ball seat, zirconia mould, micro-fan shaft, optical fiber plug-in, optical fiber sleeve, wire drawing die and cutting tool, wear-resistant cutter, case and strap, bracelet and pendant, ball bearing, light golf ball rod and other room temperature wear-resistant parts.
In functional ceramics, its excellent high temperature resistance is used as induction heating tubes, refractories and heating elements. They have sensitive electrical properties and are mainly used in oxygen sensors, solid oxide fuel cells and high temperature heaters. ZrO 2 has high refractive index. By adding some coloring elements to the ultrafine zirconia powder, it can be made into polychromatic translucent polycrystalline ZrO 2 material, which shines like natural gemstones and can be made into various decorations. In addition, zirconia is widely used in thermal insulation coatings, catalyst carriers, medical, health care, refractories, textiles and other fields.
Zirconia ceramics are widely used in aerospace industry, mechanical engineering, communications, electronics, automobile, metallurgy, energy, chemical industry and other industries because of their unique electrical properties, such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and metals. Industry, biology and other fields, is an industrial technology, especially cutting-edge technology. The indispensable key material is the main direction of the development of modern materials. With the improvement of people's living standard, the market scope of zirconia ceramics will continue to expand. Therefore, if you want to know more about zirconia ceramics and other related products, please consult us in time. | https://www.yufengrefractory.com/What-is-the-zirconia-ceramic-id3053783.html |
# Pseudoscalar meson
In high-energy physics, a pseudoscalar meson is a meson with total spin 0 and odd parity (usually notated as JP = 0− ). Pseudoscalar mesons are commonly seen in proton-proton scattering and proton-antiproton annihilation, and include the pion (π), kaon (K), eta (η), and eta prime (η′) particles, whose masses are known with great precision.
Among all of the mesons known to exist, in some sense, the pseudoscalars are the most well studied and understood.
## History
The pion (π) was first proposed to exist by Yukawa in the 1930s as the primary force carrying boson of the Yukawa potential in nuclear interactions, and was later observed at nearly the same mass that he originally predicted for it. In the 1950s and 1960s, the pseudoscalar mesons began to proliferate, and were eventually organized into a multiplet according to Murray Gell-Mann's so-called "Eightfold Way".
Gell-Mann further predicted the existence of a ninth resonance in the pseudoscalar multiplet, which he originally called X. Indeed, this particle was later found and is now known as the eta prime meson (η′). The structure of the pseudoscalar meson multiplet, and also the ground state baryon multiplets, led Gell-Mann (and Zweig, independently) to create the well known quark model.
## The η-η′ puzzle
Despite the pseudoscalar mesons' masses being known to high precision, and being the most well studied and understood mesons, the decay properties of the pseudoscalar mesons, particularly of eta (η) and eta-prime (η′), are somewhat contradictory to their mass hierarchy: While the η′ meson is much more massive than the η meson, the η meson is thought to contain a larger component of the relatively heavy strange and anti-strange quarks, than the η′ meson does, which appears contradictory. This failure of the quark model to explain this mass difference is called the "η-η′ puzzle".
The presence of an η(1405) state also brings glueball mixing into the discussion. It is possible that the η and η′ mesons mix with the pseudoscalar glueball which should occur somewhere above the scalar glueball in mass, as an unmixed state. This is one of a few ways in which the unexpectedly large η′ mass of 957.78 MeV/c2 can be explained, relative to its model-predicted mass around 250–300 MeV/c2. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson |
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In both the camera and the __________, light enters a narrow opening and is projected onto a photosensitive surface. Group of answer choices
Answer: The HUMAN EYE
Explanation:
The human eye is made up of different parts which ranges from controlling the amount of light that enters the eye to the focusing of the image that is formed. The camera is a device which is both mechanically and electronically operated which shares a number of similarities with the eye.
In the human eye, the IRIS helps to regulate the amount of rays passing through the pupil to the lens by either contracting or dilating in light or dark environment respectively. While in the camera, the DIAPHRAGM controls the amount of light entering the camera.
The PUPIL serves as the passage for light into the eye while in the camera, the APERTURE does the same.
The photosensitive surface in the eye is the YELLOW SPOT while in the camera, the photosensitive surface is the PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM. | https://documen.tv/question/in-both-the-camera-and-the-light-enters-a-narrow-opening-and-is-projected-onto-a-photosensitive-24183614-24/ |
Even when the total fertility rate falls below 2.1 children, the “momentum” effects of earlier fertility trends will keep a population growing for many decades. In cases when the absolute size of a national population declines, the drop often turns out to be short-lived, and in aggregate numbers usually is so slight as to be of little significance.
THERE are exceptions, of course. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Russia experienced an unusual combination of rapid fertility decline to very low levels (falling to about 1.2 in 1999) coupled with remarkably high mortality for adult males — the latter largely attributable to alcohol abuse. This singular combination did produce a modest, and widely reported, decline in the Russian population. The Russian fertility rate has rebounded to just over 1.6, and mortality among working-age men has declined, perhaps because of concerted alcohol-regulation measures.
In nearly all countries that are not desperately poor, women of childbearing age inevitably compare the burdens of bearing children against the potential rewards. And in many of these countries, young women especially, but also young men, increasingly see marriage and childbearing as major risks, given high divorce rates and the responsibility to support aging parents, who are enjoying longer lives. The task of assessing these risks is heaviest for young adults (ages 20 to 35), who happen to be the same people who produce the most births in all societies. In Brazil, Italy, Turkey and the United States, these young adults must prepare for careers that now require extended years of higher education and, often, high levels of debt. Even with college degrees, employment is uncertain and career paths are increasingly unstable.
Meanwhile, dual-earner partnerships have become essential, in countries rich and poor alike, even as earnings have become increasingly precarious. High home prices and rents, along with limited access to mortgages, have restricted the ability to create the independent homes typically considered essential for new families.
Rapidly declining fertility — especially if rates go very low — does pose challenges. Yet it also can provide substantial benefits that have received less attention.
First, as noted, fertility decline is associated nearly everywhere with greater rights and opportunities for women. The deferral of marriage and the reduction of births to two, one or none across so much of the world — and, again, in countries that are still far from rich — are broadly consistent with the higher educational attainment and career aspirations of young women. It is no surprise that the hand-wringers over fertility decline are usually men.
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A Penn Perspective: Artist Josh Cochran Debuts a Mural at the Penn Station Shack
A state of the art Shack! Our recently opened Penn Station Shack features a mural by Brooklyn-based illustrator Josh Cochran.
Inspired by the hustle and bustle of the Western Hemisphere's busiest passenger transit hub, the mural depicts the constant movement, quirky exchanges and diverse communities that characterize Penn Station and New York City at large.
Josh Cochran specializes in bright, dense and conceptual drawings. In 2013, he scored a Grammy for Best Limited Edition Packaging for Ben Kweller's "Go Fly A Kite" album, and in 2014 he completed his first children's book, Inside Out: New York.
Check out more of Josh Cochran's work here, and when you have a New York minute, stop by the Penn Station Shack to marvel at his mural! | https://shakeshack.com/blog/local-news/a-penn-perspective-artist-josh-cochran-debuts-a-mural-at-the-penn-station-shack |
Wildfire closes a major freeway
REDDING, Calif. (AP) — An explosive wildfire that closed down dozens of miles of a major California freeway nearly tripled in size overnight, just weeks after a nearby blaze that left neighborhoods in ruins and killed eight people, officials said Thursday.
The fire that erupted Wednesday afternoon and devoured timber and brush on both sides of Interstate 5 near the Oregon state line had expanded to 23 square miles Thursday (60) square kilometers, prompting mandatory evacuations, the U.S. Forest Service said in a statement. That’s up from 8 square miles (21 square kilometers) burning on Wednesday
Authorities did not say in the statement how many people were affected by the evacuation order, but the fire is in a rural area with scattered homes.
The blaze was human-caused, fire officials said, but they didn’t indicate whether it was arson or accident.
Truckers abandoned their vehicles Wednesday as flames roared up hillsides. In a video, a passenger in a vehicle screams: “Oh my God, I want to go!” as trees burst into flames and sheets of fire roiled on the side of the roadway.
About 17 big-rigs were abandoned and at least four caught fire, Lt. Cmdr. Kyle Foster of the California Highway Patrol’s Mount Shasta office told the Los Angeles Times.
U.S. Forest Service workers helped the driver of one flaming truck to safety and other truckers, firefighters and others aided other drivers, he said.
“There’s vehicles scattered all over,” Brandon Vaccaro with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection told the Redding Record Searchlight. “Whatever occurred here was probably pretty ugly for a while.”
About 45 miles (72 kilometers) of the I-5 were closed in both directions, said Chris Losi, a spokesman for the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. The road remained closed through Wednesday night and there was no immediate word on when the lanes would reopen.
The blaze also delayed Amtrak’s Coast Starlight train service between Sacramento and Oregon.
Rural homes and cabins in and around the forest were under evacuation orders, from the community Lakehead north to the Siskiyou County line, Losi said.
“It isn’t a lot of people,” he said.
The fire was showing “critical” behavior — burning fiercely and moving rapidly — but was still far away from any large towns, he added.
The city of Dunsmuir, with about 1,500 people, was about 15 miles (24 kilometers) from the fire. Residents were issued an evacuation warning, urging them to be prepared to leave if the fire threatened.
A nearby fire in the Redding area burned some 1,100 homes and killed eight people last month. It was only fully contained last week.
All contents © copyright 2018 Associated Press. All rights reserved. | https://www.wildlandfirefighter.com/2018/09/06/northern-california-wildfire-triples-in-size/ |
Britain introduced body scanners at Heathrow airport on Monday, a measure rushed in after a failed attempt by a Muslim extremist with explosives strapped to his leg to bomb a US-bound passenger plane from Amsterdam.
The scanners, which see through clothes to produce an image of the body, have caused unease among human rights campaigners who fear an invasion of passengers' privacy as well as the disproportionate scrutiny of Muslim travellers by authorities.
"Given the current security threat level, the government believes it essential to start introducing scanners immediately," said Transport Secretary Andrew Adonis.
Britain raised its terrorism threat level to "severe", the second-highest level, on January 22, days before London was due to host two international conferences on Yemen and Afghanistan. The conferences took place last week without any security incident.
The British government has been particularly concerned about the botched attempt by suspect Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a Nigerian national, to blow up a plane bound for Detroit on December 25 because he was a student in London between 2005 and 2008.
Abdulmutallab boarded the US flight at Amsterdam's Schiphol airport, which already has 15 body scanners and plans to install more. France and Italy have also signalled they would start using the devices at their airports.
In a statement, Adonis said airports at Heathrow and Manchester, northern England, were the first required to use the scanners and others would follow. Scanners will be introduced at Birmingham airport (in central England) this month.
"In the immediate future, only a small proportion of airline passengers will be selected for scanning. If a passenger is selected for scanning, and declines, they will not be permitted to fly," he said.
An interim code of practice for security staff stipulated that passengers should not be selected for scanning on the basis of gender, age, race or ethnic origin, Adonis said.
He added that the government would launch a public consultation on the rules that should be applied in the use of scanners, with a view to producing a final code of practice.
The merits and uses of body scanners have been vigorously debated in Europe since the failed Christmas Day bombing. | http://www.tradearabia.com/news/TTN_174168.html |
This Second Edition of Plankton is a fully updated introduction to the biology, ecology and identification of plankton and their use in monitoring water quality. It includes expanded, illustrated descriptions of all major groups of freshwater, coastal and marine phytoplankton and zooplankton and a new chapter on teaching science using plankton. Best practice methods for plankton sampling and monitoring programs are presented using case studies, along with explanations of how to analyse and interpret sampling data.
Healthy waterways and oceans are essential for our increasingly urbanised world. Yet monitoring water quality in aquatic environments is a challenge, as it varies from hour to hour due to stormwater and currents. Being at the base of the aquatic food web and present in huge numbers, plankton are strongly influenced by changes in environment and provide an indication of water quality integrated over days and weeks. Plankton are the aquatic version of a canary in a coal mine. They are also vital for our existence, providing not only food for fish, seabirds, seals and sharks, but producing oxygen, cycling nutrients, processing pollutants, and removing carbon dioxide from our atmosphere. This new edition:
Plankton is an invaluable reference for teachers and students, environmental managers, ecologists, estuary and catchment management committees, and coastal engineers.
1. The importance of plankton. 2. Plankton processes and the environment. 3. Plankton-related environmental and water quality issues. 4. Sampling methods for plankton. 5. Freshwater phytoplankton: diversity and biology. 6. Coastal and marine phytoplankton: diversity and ecology. 7. Freshwater zooplankton: diversity and biology. 8. Coastal and marine zooplankton diversity and biology. 9. Plankton in the classroom. | https://www.routledge.com/Plankton-Guide-to-Their-Ecology-and-Monitoring-for-Water-Quality-Second/Suthers-Rissik-Richardson/p/book/9780367030162 |
Keep in mind that formatting your essay according to the latest edition of the APA Style guide is not always easy, so you need to be very attentive to details. Before we start analyzing how to write an essay in APA Style, let’s have a quick look at what areas this formatting style is usually applied in.
How to Format Your Essay in APA Style - YouTube
Sep 17, 2019 · Writing your first APA format essay can be a little intimidating at first, but learning some of the basic rules of APA style can help. Always remember, however, to consult the directions provided by your instructor for each assignment.
General Format // Purdue Writing Lab
The writing style developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) used in social sciences puts emphasis on being concise and clear. APA style discourages overly-poetic language and metaphor. It is intended to give professional colleagues a common format to …
How to Write an APA Style Paper: 12 Steps (with Pictures)
Sep 21, 2013 · Watch this step-by-step video on how to format your paper in APA, including title page formatting, header formatting, etc.
How to cite in an essay: what MLA and APA are
If you want to write an APA style reflective essay, you should know that this also involves following a precise set of rules. The Essential Rules of Writing a Reflective Essay To begin with, you must know that an APA style paper has to include four essential sections: The Title Page, the …
APA Format: Everything You Need to Know Here - EasyBib
The authority on APA Style and the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Find tutorials, the APA Style Blog, how to format papers in APA Style, and other resources to help you improve your writing, master APA Style, and learn the conventions of scholarly publishing.
APA Essay Style Format Writing Requirements
In-text Citations APA Style. In a case study in APA format, when you quote or paraphrase some text, you need to mention the name of the author and the year of publication. Purdue Online Writing Lab suggests the following quotation:
Essay Basics: Format a Paper in APA Style | Owlcation
May 29, 2007 · How to Write an APA Style References Page. Once you finish writing a research paper, you will need to cite the sources you used to do your research. How you format your Works Cited page depend on the style guidelines you are required to
How to write assignment in APA style free sample
Nowadays, APA is commonly used by a lot of students who complete various writing tasks in education, linguistics, social sciences, and psychology. Since APA is different from other formatting styles, it is better to keep an eye on the differences and similarities between them.
Writing Website In-Text Citations and References - APA Style
Writing an outline in APA format is quite different from other formats such as MLA, Harvard, etc. APA stands for American Psychological Association and the APA writing style has been designed by …
The Stress-Free Guide to APA Essay Format
The Purdue University Online Writing Lab serves writers from around the world and the Purdue University Writing Lab helps writers on Purdue's campus. APA Sample Paper // Purdue Writing …
How to Write an Introduction in APA Format | Synonym
Formatting your essay has gotten a lot easier with the 7th edition of the APA style guide. No longer do students have to provide a running head or an abstract (unless your instructor asks for it). The result is a more streamlined essay format, so that with just a little bit …
Simple and easy guidelines on how to write in APA format
Jan 08, 2017 · On this episode, we discuss how to write and format a paper in APA style, which is most commonly used in scientific writing and social sciences writing in subjects like criminology, anthropology
3 Clear and Easy Ways to Write an APA Style Bibliography
If you’ve never written an APA paper before, the formatting rules and guidelines can seem daunting and difficult at first. You might be used to writing papers in another format such as MLA or Chicago style, so it might take some time to get the hang of writing in APA format.
How to Format Numbered Lists in APA Style | The Classroom
First of all, APA writing format is not something that has been set in stone for ages – it is a current referencing style that is being constantly updated by the American Psychological Association. The most recent requirements can be found in the 6th edition of the APA's Publication Manual .
APA Essay Format | Essay Tips | The Nature of Writing
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page.
“Me, Me, Me”: How to Talk About Yourself in an APA Style Paper
An APA, American Psychological Association, style is a standard of writing academic papers in a variety of subjects relevant to the social sciences.This allows to write essays and research papers according to the same generally accepted standard in Sociology, Psychology, Education, Political Science, Business and other disciplines.
APA Style
“APA” stands for “American Psychological Association,” a professional organization for, well, psychologists. However, the organization’s official style guide, which is called the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, is used by students and professionals in a number of disciplines.. If your teachers ask you to use APA essay format, then they simply mean to use
How To Write A Term Paper In APA Style - Ca.EduBirdie.com
Aug 06, 2018 · The APA style essay title page should include the title of paper centered in the middle of the page, followed by your name and school affiliation, also centered and double-spaced. At the bottom of the page (also centered), you can include an author's note that gives specific information about the class or acknowledgments. | http://acenodper.tk/how-to-write-essays-apa-style-996129.html |
The University 'Strategy for Learning' documentation has informed the learning and teaching strategy for this module. The module material will be introduced through lectures, while practical exercises, based on the lecture material, will be given to students for their laboratory sessions. Tutorials will be used to help explain and elaborate on both the lecture material and the laboratory exercises. Full use will be made of GCU Learn to provide Lecture-based and related study materials, along with sample solutions of Tutorial and Laboratory exercises, thus encouraging the development of independent learning and allowing self-reflective feedback on student performance. Staff-based feedback on student performance for submitted work will be provided in line with the University feedback policy, with summative feedback and grades on the coursework assessment utilising GCU Learn. The additional interactive discussion features of GCU Learn will be utilised, as appropriate to the module, to stimulate independent and flexible student learning outwith scheduled class time. | https://www.gcu.ac.uk/study/modules/202021/info/?Module=M2I322952 |
By choosing to take a course through our professional learning education hub you will be experiencing learning with those who are ranked as amongst the best in the world. Our international standing in teaching and research is achieved through results and collaborations that in our subject area of Education place us at 31st in the world (QS Ranking 2021).
The PLEdHub@Deakin offers a number of unique and innovative professional learning opportunities for educators and teachers that aim to: deepen knowledge; enhance teaching and learning evidence-based practices; improve education outcomes for children, young people and adults; build productive partnerships; and develop research and learning communities that engage in critical collaborative conversations with leading academics and colleagues across early childhood, school education systems, vocational education training, higher education, and community.
The PLEdHub@Deakin includes online & face-to-face workshops, seminars, short courses, and on-line communities that provide participants with access to Deakin University’s teaching and learning experts, and internationally and nationally recognised education researchers.
Meet Our Team
Louise Paatsch
Professor
Julianne Moss
Alfred Deakin Professor
Cathy Phillips
Project Manager
Contact us
We’d love to hear from you. | https://pledhub.deakin.edu.au/about/ |
A researcher who spent nearly 300 hours observing patients in an accident and emergency department has developed a method for identifying possible flashpoints, according to the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing.
STAMP
STAMP - which stands for Staring and eye contact, Tone and volume of voice, Anxiety, Mumbling and Pacing could be used by any professionals in potentially violent situations, such as law enforcement and social services.
Lauretta Luck, who carried out her research at the University of Western Sydney, Australia, points out that the STAMP violence assessment framework could have much wider applications than just hospitals.
The five-month research project was carried out in a 33-bedded emergency department in a public hospital serving a large rural, remote and metropolitan community in Australia.
It serves a multi-cultural community, which includes a high number of tourists and seasonal workers as well as a large metropolitan population.
Luck carried out 290 hours of observation and interviewed 20 Registered Nurses who agreed to take part in the study.
"During my time in the department there were 16 violent episodes aimed at staff taking part in the study," says Luck. "Because I was on the spot I was able to obtain feedback from them while the event was still fresh in their minds. They were able to tell me how they perceived the event and how they tried to handle it.
"Many more episodes were observed during the study period and I was keen to note how staff managed to defuse potentially violent episodes".
“Violence towards healthcare staff and other professionals such as police officers and social security staff are an increasing part of daily life” says Luck.
“We feel that the STAMP system provides an easy to remember checklist that can be used in a wide range of potentially stressful situations to provide an initial indication of possible violence.
“Recognising the early signs that can lead to a violent episode can give staff the time they need to defuse the situation before it escalates.
“STAMP also provides a basic framework that can be developed by healthcare organisations and other agencies – using research, observation and experience
Level of Evidence
2c - Ecological Study
Key Points of this article
Staring was an important early indicator of potential violence. It was frequently noted in observational data and featured in nine of the 16 observed violent episodes. Nurses felt that staring was used to intimidate them into prompter action – when they responded to this cue violence tended to be avoided
Lack of eye contact was also an issue and was associated with anger and passive resistance. However, it was noted that there can be cultural reasons for avoiding eye contact and it was important to differentiate these from other cases
Tone and volume of voice was associated with 13 of the 16 violent episodes. Most of the cases involved raised voices and yelling but two involved sarcastic and caustic replies
Many of the people who attended the emergency department were anxious and nurses were acutely aware of how stressful a visit to casualty could be. They normally intervened before anxiety reached dangerous levels, but one patient’s anxiety did escalate into violence
Main results
Eleven of the 16 patients who became violent were observed mumbling, using slurred or incoherent speech or repeatedly asking the same question or making the same statements. Mumbling was perceived to be a sign of mounting frustration and a cue for violence. Pacing was seen as an indication of mounting agitation and was observed in nine of the 16 episodes analysed in detail. Other physical indicators included staggering, waving arms around or pulling away from healthcare staff trying to treat them. | https://www.aftermbbs.in/2007/07/stamp-system-can-help-medical.html |
Florida Skateboarder Struck and Killed Friday Night
A man on his skateboard was struck and killed late Friday night while riding down Clubhouse Road in Lakeland, according to Polk County police. Scott Michael Sherman, of Lakeland, was hit by Terrance Rashon Green, also of Lakeland, near Harrell’s Nursery Road. Green stopped and tried to aid Sherman after he hit him, but Sherman was pronounced dead at the scene. A review of the area by investigators reveals that Green was not speeding at the time and that visibility was low due to a lack of street lights in the area. Polk County authorities have indicated that the investigation is ongoing and it may be some time while they sort out the situation.
For Florida motorists, pedestrians, cyclists and even skateboarders present a unique hazard. Though cyclists that travel over Florida roads do have to obey many of the same traffic laws that motorists do, they don’t often follow them as they should. Not to mention that any of these small targets are grossly overmatched by the average automobile in terms of size and speed. Though the skateboarder that was killed Friday night was in his twenties, many of the individuals sharing the road with motorists are young and may make poor decisions when faced with unfamiliar situations. This combination of inexperience and size mismatch can be a disaster waiting to happen.
There are several ways to protect yourself and your loved ones who may be out there sharing the road with drivers who may or may not be distracted themselves while operating on the road. Wearing reflective clothing and travelling in well-lit areas are great safety tips. Cyclists and skateboarders should always wear a helmet and protective pads or clothing. You should always familiarize yourself with the intended route and be aware of your surroundings. Don’t wear earphones or anything that could jeopardize your ability to recognize sounds that may alert you to a potential problem. Careful planning and remaining alert can be the difference between reaching your destination safely and not reaching it at all.
Call the Law Offices of James O. Cunningham, P.A. immediately at 877-FL-INJURY (877-354-6587) if you, or a loved one have been injured in an accident.
James O. Cunningham
Since 1977, personal injury lawyer James Cunningham has provided effective legal advocacy to people who are injured through the negligent actions of another person or entity throughout the Central Florida area. He fights to obtain recoveries for his clients’ physical and emotional pain and suffering and pursues his clients’ personal injury cases with a commitment to excellence and impeccable preparation. | https://www.cunninghampilaw.com/blog/auto-accident/florida-skateboarder-struck-and-killed-friday-night/ |
ABOUT THE BOOK
The culmination of an extraordinary literary project that Herbert Hoover launched during World War II, his "magnum opus"—at last published nearly fifty years after its completion—offers a revisionist reexamination of the war and its cold war aftermath and a sweeping indictment of the "lost statesmanship" of Franklin Roosevelt. Freedom Betrayed: Herbert Hoover's Secret History of the Second World War and Its Aftermath originated as a volume of Hoover's memoirs, a book initially focused on his battle against President Roosevelt's foreign policies before Pearl Harbor. As time went on, however, Hoover widened his scope to include Roosevelt's foreign policies during the war, as well as the war's consequences: the expansion of the Soviet empire at war's end and the eruption of the cold war against the Communists.
On issue after issue, Hoover raises crucial questions that continue to be debated to this day. Did Franklin Roosevelt deceitfully maneuver the United States into an undeclared and unconstitutional naval war with Germany in 1941? Did he unnecessarily appease Joseph Stalin at the pivotal Tehran conference in 1943? Did communist agents and sympathizers in the White House, Department of State, and Department of the Treasury play a malign role in some of America's wartime decisions? Hoover raises numerous arguments that challenge us to think again about our past. Whether or not one ultimately accepts his arguments, the exercise of confronting them will be worthwhile to all.
ABOUT HERBERT HOOVER
Herbert Hoover (1874–1964) was president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. An internationally acclaimed humanitarian, he was the author of more than thirty books and founder of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace.
ABOUT GEORGE H. NASH
George H. Nash is a historian, lecturer, and authority on the life of Herbert Hoover. His publications include three volumes of a definitive, scholarly biography of Hoover and the monograph Herbert Hoover and Stanford University, as well as numerous articles in scholarly and popular journals. A specialist in twentieth-century political and intellectual history, Nash is also the author of The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945 and Reappraising the Right: The Past and Future of American Conservatism. A graduate of Amherst College and holder of a PhD in history from Harvard University, he received the Richard M. Weaver Prize for Scholarly Letters in 2008. He lives in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
REVIEWS
“The work, edited by historian George Nash, is an extended excoriation of the man who defeated Hoover’s reelection bid, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and his foreign policy... the words will be jarring to many who today regard World War II in uniformly heroic terms.”
—TIM FERGUSON, Forbes. Read the full review here.
“A remarkably well-researched, heavily footnoted revisionist history… seems destined to become one of the key historical documents of the mid-20th century, challenging many long-accepted interpretations of events.”
—JAMES E. PERSON JR., The Washington Times. Read the full review here.
“Freedom Betrayed is a searing indictment of FDR and the men around him as politicians who lied prodigiously about their desire to keep America out of war, even as they took one deliberate step after another to take us into war.”
—PAT BUCHANAN, "Did FDR Provoke Pearl Harbor?", Townhall.com. Read the full review here.
“In its sharp dissent from the conventional understanding of the mid-twentieth century, Herbert Hoover's book succeeds in bringing that history back to life and in forcing us to think about it in ways that will surely be unfamiliar to many.”
—TOM BETHELL, "Revisionist History That Matters", The American Spectator. Read the full review here.
“Freedom Betrayed is the work of a serious student of history, and is heavily researched and footnoted. Its publication is a monumental moment in the history of presidential writings, and Nash deserves credit for his persistence and dedication in shaping it.”
—GERALD J. RUSSELLO, "Herbert Hoover, Revisionist", The University Bookman. Read the full review here.
PRAISE FOR FREEDOM BETRAYED
“What an amazing historical find! Historian George H. Nash, the dean of Herbert Hoover studies, has brought forth a very rare manuscript in Freedom Betrayed. Here is Hoover unplugged, delineating on everything from the ‘lost statesmanship’ of FDR to the Korean War. A truly invaluable work of presidential history. Highly recommended.”
—DOUGLAS BRINKLEY is professor of history at Rice University and editor of The Reagan Diaries.
“Finally, after waiting for close to half a century, we now have Hoover’s massive and impassioned account of American foreign policy from 1933 to the early 1950s. Thanks to the efforts of George H. Nash, there exists an unparalleled picture of Hoover’s world view, one long shared by many conservatives. Nash’s thorough and perceptive introduction shows why he remains America’s leading Hoover scholar.”
—JUSTUS D. DOENECKE, author of Storm on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention, 1939–1941
“A forcefully argued and well documented alternative to, and critique of, the conventional liberal historical narrative of America’s road to war and its war aims. Even readers comfortable with the established account will find themselves thinking that on some points the accepted history should be reconsidered and perhaps revised.”
—JOHN EARL HAYNES, author of Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America
“Freedom Betrayed offers vivid proof of William Faulkner’s famous dictum that “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.” For those who might think that history has settled the mantle of consensus around the events of the World War II era, Hoover’s iconoclastic narrative will come as an unsettling reminder that much controversy remains. By turns quirky and astute, in prose that is often acerbic and unfailingly provocative, Hoover opens some old wounds and inflicts a few new ones of his own, while assembling a passionate case for the tragic errors of Franklin Roosevelt’s diplomacy. Not all readers will be convinced, but Freedom Betrayed is must-read for anyone interested in the most consequential upheaval of the twentieth century.”
—DAVID M. KENNEDY is professor of history emeritus at Stanford University and the author of Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945.
“Herbert Hoover’s Freedom Betrayed is a bracing work of historical revisionism that takes aim at U.S. foreign policy under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Part memoir and part diplomatic history, Hoover's magnum opus seeks to expose the “lost statesmanship” that, in Hoover’s eyes, needlessly drew the United States into the Second World War and, in the aftermath, facilitated the rise to global power of its ideological rival, the Soviet Union. Freedom Betrayed, as George Nash asserts in his astute and authoritative introduction, resembles a prosecutor’s brief against Roosevelt—and against Winston Churchill as well— at the bar of history. Thanks to Nash’s impressive feat of reconstruction, Hoover’s “thunderbolt” now strikes—nearly a half-century after it was readied. The former president’s interpretation of the conduct and consequences of the Second World War will not entirely persuade most readers. Yet, as Nash testifies, like the best kind of revisionist history, Freedom Betrayed “challenges us to think afresh about our past.”
—BERTRAND M. PATENAUDE, author of A Wealth of Ideas: Revelations from the Hoover Institution Archives
“Nearly fifty years after his death, Herbert Hoover returns as the ultimate revisionist historian, prosecuting his heavily documented indictment of US foreign policy before, during, and after the Second World War. Brilliantly edited by George Nash, Freedom Betrayed is as passionate as it is provocative. Many no doubt will dispute Hoover’s strategic vision. But few can dispute the historical significance of this unique volume, published even as Americans of the twenty-first century debate their moral and military obligations.”
—RICHARD NORTON SMITH is a presidential historian and author, former director of several presidential libraries, and current scholar-in-residence at George Mason University.
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Freedom Betrayed: Herbert Hoover's Secret History of the Second World War and Its Aftermath, Edited with an...
George H. Nash is an historian, lecturer, and author of several books on the life of Herbert Hoover. Nash is also the editor of two posthumously published memoirs by Herbert Hoover: Freedom Betrayed and The Crusade Years. Nash received the Richard M. Weaver Prize for Scholarly Letters in 2008. | https://www.hooverpress.org/Freedom-Betrayed-P538.aspx |
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Dr. Anjali Desai, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Camden, NJ. She has 15 years of experience. Her specialties include Internal Medicine. Dr. Desai is affiliated with University Hospital (UMDNJ). She speaks English.
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This information is proprietary data maintained in a copyrighted database compilation owned by the American Board of Medical Specialties. Copyright 2016 American Board of Medical Specialties. All rights reserved. | http://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Anjali_A_Desai.html |
Coronavirus | When you need to choose nursing home, assisted care amid pandemic
Marianne Parker picked up her older brother from St. Louis in early March for what she thought would be a short visit to her home.
The 64-year-old retired educator and entrepreneur had spent months finding a new living situation for her nomadic brother, who suffers from dementia after a massive stroke last fall in Florida. Parker’s plan included a long-term-care facility near her home in Quincy, Illinois.
Then the coronavirus pandemic changed everything.
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Bureaucratic delays and state lockdowns kept the siblings confined to Parker’s small house. And fears of COVID-19 had Parker contemplating keeping her brother, John Boyce, with her at home.
But then, days apart in late April, Boyce suffered a sudden cognitive decline and Parker injured her back. Both were hospitalized, and doctors told Parker she had only one choice for her brother’s care: a nursing home.
“It was an excruciating decision and it's even more excruciating with the restrictions of COVID-19,” Parker said.
Across the country, families struggle during this pandemic with what to do about long-term care for loved ones who need specialized attention, even as states nationwide, including Ohio, are reopening and loosen restrictions.
Nursing home residents account for nearly 1 in 10 of all the coronavirus cases in the United States and more than a quarter of the deaths, according to an Associated Press analysis of government data released in June.
“People are understandably very wary about how to provide long-term care for their loved ones that need it, or even for themselves,” said Lori Smetanka, executive director of National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care, a Washington, D.C-based nonprofit advocacy organization. “What we're seeing in nursing homes is really causing, frankly, all of us as a society to rethink what our long-term-care system looks like.”
More than 1.3 million people live in nursing homes nationwide, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.
Marjorie Moore is executive director of VOYCE, which has a long-term-care facility ombudsman program in the St. Louis metro area and northeast Missouri region up to the Iowa border. The organization covers more than 300 long-term-care facilities.
Moore said there’s been an uptick in calls from confused families as the pandemic has unfolded.
Some say their loved ones have been discharged improperly from hospitals or from facilities. In the early days of the pandemic, she said, people also pulled their relatives from facilities only to find out later that it was too overwhelming to care for them at home. Others still are seeking guidance about whether to put someone in a nursing home.
Navigating long-term care options
Peter Van Runkle, executive director of the Ohio Health Care Association, which represents the state’s for-profit nursing homes, said fear over the pandemic and the temporary halt of elective surgeries in the state had an impact on the number of admissions at their facilities.
“There’s fear out there, ’If I put my mom in the skilled nursing center is there COVID? Could there be COVID there? Could COVID appear there?’” Van Runkle said.
On May 1, the state of Ohio lifted restrictions on elective procedures that do not require an overnight stay and since then nursing homes have slowly been able to admit new residents, he said.
Van Runkle advises families looking for long-term care for their loved ones to get connected to the people who work or live there.
“You can get a lot from, ‘Can I talk to a nurse or can I talk to the administrator?” he said.
Patty Callahan, an information and referral specialist for the Central Ohio Agency on Aging, said she has been telling clients to contact the medical professionals within the facilities, whether they’re interested in possibly moving in or have a family member already living at one for whom they’ve not been able to visit because of coronavirus concerns.
“If you don't know who the doctor is overseeing the care, find out who that is,” Callahan said. “Get some more information back from that provider on the status of their loved one and how things are going.”
And with states slowly returning to business and easing at least some of the restrictions they put in place to slow the spread of the virus, many long-term-care facilities are looking for new ways to show potential residents what they have to offer.
Mike Haemmerle, president of Abbington Assisted Living in central Ohio, said that its five facilities have seen a decrease in admissions.
Since the pandemic’s start several months ago, he said moves-ins at Abbington of Arlington and Abbington of Powell have dropped by 67%, and 50% at Abbington of Pickerington.
In an attempt to bring those numbers back up, Haemmerle said Abbington has begun offering alternative ways for potential clients to see their facilities.
“What we're doing now is (offering) virtual tours,” he said. “Our executive directors, if we have somebody who's very interested, (will) get on FaceTime with them.”
Haemmerle recommends families build a rapport with the employees of the facilities they’re interested in. “Talk about what your mom or dad needs, and make sure that the facility can do it because assisted-living communities are very different,” he said.
Interested families also can walk the grounds and outside of the facilities, Haemmerle said. And they can make arrangements to speak with a few residents or their relatives about their experiences.
Outdoor visitation by family members was allowed again at Ohio’s assisted-living facilities in early June.
The Abbington Arlington location has two screened porches where families can sit, 6 feet apart, and enjoy time with their loved one, said Katie Bowie, the facility’s executive director.
“It's pretty regulated as far as the policies and procedures we have to follow, but it's so worth it for the residents,” Bowie said. “The families even, though they can't be in the same space, they can still feel like they're with their loved one. So that's been huge.”
So what should you do if you or someone you love needs long-term care during the pandemic?
Get connected to your local ombudsman program, which can often connect you to support groups and resources.
Gather information on a facility’s coronavirus plan and any cases of the virus that facility has had.
Find out the level of personal protection equipment the facility has.
Inquire about its testing protocal.
Ask about staffing levels.
Get an explanation of the facility’s communication plan for the pandemic. | https://www.dispatch.com/story/lifestyle/health-fitness/2020/07/05/coronavirus-when-you-need-to-choose-nursing-home-assisted-care-amid-pandemic/42078521/ |
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise training on the glucose level in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Sixteen HD patients aged 60.8±9.5 years old participated in this study. They were asked to engage in 30 minutes of exercise training three times a week on the non-hemodialysis days for three months. Both the physical fitness and the serum creatinine levels increased significantly after the exercise training in comparison to the levels at baseline. The degree of the change in the blood glucose level was negatively associated with the degree of change in the serum BDNF level (r=-0.59, p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that home-based exercise training may improve the physical fitness as well as increasing the muscle mass in HD patients. However, further studies are needed to explain the role of BDNF, which was suggested to play a role in glucose metabolism in our study. | https://ir.lib.shimane-u.ac.jp/ja/search/p/107/item/28530?sort=identifier_date_of_issued%3Ar |
Plastic waste constituting 40-50% of total waste by 2050
Jakarta (ANTARA) – The Director of the Ministry of Environment and Forest Waste Reduction, Sinta Saptarina Soemiarno, has warned that without an effective policy and program, plastic waste could constitute 40 to 50% of total waste in 2050.
“The variety of plastic packaging waste is increasing globally or nationally. The composition has increased from 10-11% to 16-17% of the national average,” Soemiarno said during a webinar on Thursday.
Soemiarno called on the government and the private sector to make various concrete efforts to manage the increase in plastic packaging waste.
She drew attention to the fact that the UN had declared plastic waste a pollutant, with major impacts on the Earth. Indonesia, as a member of the UN, is committed to supporting efforts to reduce plastic waste.
As a form of concrete efforts to reduce plastic pollution, the government has issued regulations on the management of plastic waste through Ministerial Regulations No. 75 of 2019 on Environment and Forests.
The government seeks to maintain the economic value of plastic waste and reuse it as much as possible, Soemiarno pointed out.
The regulation also serves as a basis for producers to develop the principle of sustainability and responsibility in their businesses, making it not an option, but rather an obligation for the sustainability of humanity and the planet.
Related News: Surabaya government promotes use of non-plastic bags in markets
In addition, Law No. 18 of 2008 on waste management stipulates that in the management of household waste, everyone must reduce and treat waste by applying environmentally friendly methods, according to Soemiarno.
Waste reduction can be achieved by limiting the pile of waste and recycling and reusing waste.
Contractors are also urged to use production materials that produce the least waste possible as well as materials that can be reused, recycled and/or easily decomposed through natural processes.
“Let’s now sort and process the waste, starting with our own,” stressed Soemiarno. | https://virtualplastic.org/plastic-waste-constituting-40-50-of-total-waste-by-2050/ |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
In his book "Pasteur's Quadrant," Donald Stokes wrote eloquently about the movement of new ideas from the realm of basic science to large-scale application \[[1](#CIT0001)\]. He proposed a model contrasting with what he perceived to be the dominant understanding: that ideas proceed from curiosity-driven basic science to applied research to a development cycle to production and operations. Rather than dividing research into basic research driven only by curiosity and applied research concerned only with effectiveness, he identified a third, hybrid motivation for some programmes of research. Stokes described "use-inspired basic science" as a type of research motivated simultaneously by curiosity and an intent to apply the results to a real-world problem. He considered Pasteur an exemplar of this important approach to research.
The commonly used definitions of clinical research highlight the false dichotomy of biomedical research into applied (clinical) research that generates no new fundamental insights into biology but improves patients' health and basic science pursued without regard for application. The commonly used definitions of clinical research do not require that study participants have a health problem or that the results of the research will change the care of patients. Moreover, the common definitions are broad enough to include research with a principal motivation to directly improve human health, to aid in the development of new technologies that might someday be useful in the clinic, or simply to understand mechanisms of disease. In this sense, differentiating between clinical and basic research abstracts is not a simple matter of distinguishing whether the scientists involved are concerned or unconcerned with the application of their findings. This manuscript arose as an extension of one of the authors' (JBB) comments at the Clinical Wrap-up of the 2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles Annual Meeting. We recapitulate the major ideas of that presentation, explaining the types of clinical research presented at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting, including the major focus of the projects; the country or countries in which the work was done; and the sample size, if it was provided. We also propose "Pasteur's Quadrant" as an important framework for understanding our emerging field, beyond the traditional dichotomy of applied versus basic science.
Methods {#S0002}
=======
The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting abstracts book \[[2](#CIT0002)\] served as the data source for this project. To ensure robust data extraction and to evaluate for ambiguity in the classification of clinical research, two authors (AZ and JBB) created independent extracts of the data. The analysis workflow is summarized in [Figure 1](#F0001). First, using a standardized form (Supplemental Table), both of these authors independently examined every abstract in the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting programme book to identify studies that should be considered clinical research. For this purpose, the authors were guided by the concept that clinical research involves human participants, whether through intervention or materials obtained from interaction with human participants \[[3](#CIT0003)\]. To maintain a focus on the new original science accepted for presentation at the meeting, the plenary lectures were not included in the analysis. To measure the agreement between the two authors regarding whether an abstract was clinical research, we calculated a metric called Cohen's kappa, which accounts for chance agreement. After identifying the clinical research abstracts, the same two authors extracted: 1) the country or countries in which the work was done; 2) the major focus of the work; and 3) the sample size, if provided in the abstract. Abstracts with researchers from more than one country were tabulated under each country. An independent third reviewer reconciled any differences. Analysis was performed using the R statistical software, version 3.4.3 \[[4](#CIT0004)\]. To investigate the number of ongoing or completed clinical trials involving EVs, two searches of the main United States of American (USA) clinical trials registration website (clinicaltrials.gov) were conducted. The first search was for the term "exosomes." The second search was also for the term "exosomes," but results were limited to "interventional" studies that had results reported in clinicaltrials.gov. Finally, as a means of highlighting the breadth of topics of abstracts deemed clinical, five abstracts were selected at random for discussion from among those abstracts adjudicated as clinical.10.1080/20013078.2018.1535744-F0001Figure 1.Analysis workflow.
Results {#S0003}
=======
The reviewers informally noted that classifying the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting work as clinical research was ambiguous in some cases. For example, in some instances, it was unclear whether the authors obtained clinical samples in a way that would allow the authors to know the identity of the study participant, an aspect of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) definition of clinical research. The reviewers occasionally came to different conclusions about whether the work was clinical research (kappa = 0.85, *P* \< 0.001). After adjudication of these differences, 174 of 656 (27%) abstracts were determined to be clinical research. The clinical research abstracts presented at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting focused on a wide range of diseases and applications. These abstracts were placed in 20 categories of major focus ([Figure 2](#F0002)) organized predominantly around clinical specialties (e.g., cardiovascular medicine), but also including methods development. While many categories of clinical research had fewer than 5 unique abstracts, oncology was a major focus, comprising 51 of the 174 clinical abstracts (29%). Of the 174 clinical abstracts, methods development (22%), cardiovascular medicine (7%), and neurodegenerative disorders (7%) were also commonly studied topics. Many studies investigated the fundamental biological effects of vesicles derived from a human biofluid. Within the major categories (e.g., cardiovascular medicine), specific diseases often constituted the major focus of clinical research abstracts at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting. Prostate cancer was the focus of 10 of the 50 cancer-related clinical research abstracts, whereas many different cancers were the topic of a single abstract.10.1080/20013078.2018.1535744-F0002Figure 2.The number of clinical abstracts by category.
We next extracted features of the clinical research abstracts. Authors with affiliations in Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, South America, and North America ([Figure 3](#F0003)) were represented among the clinical research abstracts. Researchers in the USA served as authors for nearly 40 clinical research abstracts presented at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting. In descending order of author frequency, authors from Spain, Italy, Germany, China, the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom, and 24 additional countries contributed to abstracts, as well ([Figure 3](#F0003)). Approximately 40% of the clinical abstracts (70 of 174) included the sample size. For most of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting clinical research abstracts for which a sample size was provided in the abstract, the number of study participants was fewer than 100 ([Figure 4](#F0004)).10.1080/20013078.2018.1535744-F0003Figure 3.The number of clinical abstracts from various countries presented at the 2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles Annual Meeting.10.1080/20013078.2018.1535744-F0004Figure 4.The distribution of sample sizes for clinical abstracts which reported a sample size.
To place our findings in a larger context, we searched clinicaltrials.gov. A search for "exosomes" yielded 88 search results. However, the same search, when restricted to interventional studies with results in clinicaltrials.gov, returned 0 results.
The five randomly selected clinical abstracts reflect the diversity of the more clinically focused work presented at this meeting. Abstract PS07.03 focused on exosomes from both cultured malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour cells and the plasma of patients with neurofibromatosis, highlighting the mix of more basic and more applied work so common at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting. PS06.06 described plasma EVs isolated from study participants during low or high particular matter days to study the influence of air pollution. Abstract PF01.14 reports results of an investigation of extracellular vesicle-associated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and cell-free DNA in patients with metastatic melanoma. LBT01.04 reports a method of making good manufacturing practice-compliant clinical-grade exosomes. The final randomly selected clinical abstract was PF01.18, reporting the use of antibody- and peptide-based enrichment of tumour EVs from the plasma of patients with prostate cancer, as well as extraction and analysis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and DNA.
Discussion {#S0004}
==========
A striking aspect of the clinical research presented at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting is how many of the abstracts challenge traditional notions of applied versus basic research. We found many examples of projects involving the separation of human EVs to determine their properties when applied to cells *in vitro*. Although conducting work of this type requires an understanding of the regulatory environment governing human participants' research, the intent of many of these studies appeared to be to generate a revised understanding of biology, rather than to directly improve a patient-related outcome. This is indeed basic science, even if it is also clinical research according to the NIH definition. Why are human samples so often the starting point of this work? Although the volume of sample available is greater than from a mouse or rat, we suspect a principal reason is because studying human biofluids is perceived as increasing the likelihood that the findings will someday help patients in the clinic. Many of these studies fall squarely into Stokes' third category of research, rather than pure basic or pure applied research.
Researchers' country of origin is unimportant in contrast to what they contribute to the world. On the other hand, countries' funding and regulatory environment might affect clinical research output. For that reason, our analysis included mapping of authors' countries. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting was truly an international meeting, with researchers from all continents (except Antarctica) presenting work. The preponderance of abstracts from the USA is arguably unsurprising in view of its large size relative to most other countries. It is encouraging to see that the meeting location remote from the USA did not prevent US researchers from contributing their work.
Does the lower number of study participants described in the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting clinical research abstracts impugn the research present at the meeting? By no means. In the much older and more mature field of cardiovascular medicine, effective solutions to clinical problems often exist, requiring sponsors to fund large studies to demonstrate incremental improvements beyond the current standard of care. A use-inspired basic research project intended to determine whether DNA is present in exosomes in human plasma, in contrast, does not require thousands or even hundreds of people. Initial proof of concept might be provided by a careful n of 1 study with well-designed controls, in fact. Moreover, a subset of the clinical studies presented at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 Annual Meeting involved serial measurement of analytes within individuals, using samples that were collected with special considerations for these emerging forms of clinical chemistry. This type of work involves different challenges compared to studies with a single point of contact with the patient, and the resources required for large-scale longitudinal participant and follow-up in clinical trials might not be available to investigators doing principally bench-based investigation. Moreover, within-subjects designs increase the power of such studies by allowing participants to serve as their own controls, minimizing noise. Add to these considerations the greater complexity of bespoke sample collection methods that facilitate high-quality research on EVs. Finally, even if a team finds the funds to scale up sample collection, scaling up vesicle isolation remains a technical challenge. Thus, the sample sizes in these early clinical studies are neither surprising, nor disappointing, but a reflection of the early state of the field. In the final analysis, the sample sizes reflect restraint on the part of funding agencies and investigators in pushing forward into the unknown. How long this degree of restraint will remain appropriate will be determined by how rapidly our field develops, which in turn depends upon factors such as sharing data and protocols.
Most widely read medical journals will not publish clinical trials that have not been registered, making registries like clinicaltrials.gov a window on completed and in-progress clinical trials. Beyond interventional clinical trials, investigators can register observational clinical studies. The finding of 0 registered interventional clinical trials with results in clinicaltrials.gov does not mean that no clinical trials with an intervention have been done. For example, once investigators publish their work, they will not necessarily return to clinicaltrials.gov to report results there, as well. Indeed, an example of a completed clinical trial can be found in the phase II clinical trial conducted by Besse et al. \[[5](#CIT0005)\]. Building on the group's two prior phase I trials, this clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of injected dendritic cell-derived exosomes in enhancing natural killer cell immune responses in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The primary endpoint of at least 50% of patients with progression-free survival at 4 months after cessation of chemotherapy was not met. Nonetheless, this result does not diminish the importance of these efforts to improve outcomes in patients with this deadly disease, for as William Withering recognized in 1785, "...the knowledge of what will not do, may sometimes assist us to discover what will" \[[6](#CIT0006)\]. While this study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov, the authors chose publication as the venue for disseminating the results, rather than posting them to clinicaltrials.gov. Still, the complete lack of interventional clinical trials with associated results in clinicaltrials.gov suggests that relatively few such studies have been completed. Two types of extracellular vesicle-related clinical trials would be of greatest significance to clinical medicine: "strategy trials" in which patients are randomized to extracellular vesicle assay-guided treatment in a randomized trial or the current standard of care, and trials involving the administration of EVs. Strategy trials have historically been challenging, in part because of a strong inclination on the part of participating clinicians to continue the current standard of care, rather than to randomize patients. Whether strategy trials involving EVs or trials involving administration of EVs will become common remain to be seen.
Some limitations of our analysis bear mention. We could not be sure in many instances whether the authors had met the NIH definition of clinical research, which requires that samples be in some way traceable to the study participant. Whether or not this aspect of the NIH definition is met is less relevant to the spirit of this analysis compared to whether or not clinical samples were used to push forward the state of the art in extracellular vesicle research. In addition, many abstracts did not provide the sample size. It is possible that studies of larger sample size were included in the abstract book but did not mention the sample size in the abstract. We are aware of one such instance, the Extracellular RNA Consortium, which mentioned the number of clinical samples, but not the number of participants from which they were obtained. Although the Extracellular RNA Consortium has a large sample size that we were able to locate elsewhere, we suspect it is unlikely that most of the other abstracts with unspecified sample size are large. Finally, our clinicaltrials.gov search term "exosomes" does not necessarily capture all clinical trials involving EVs, nor do we assume that all studies returned by that search involve exosomes as the term is understood in our field. However, the term has the benefit of being specific, so that it is unlikely to appear in a study's entry if the study has no connection to EVs. For that reason, we consider the term informative for our survey of clinical research involving EVs.
What's next for clinical research involving EVs? Many questions remain to be clarified ([Table 1](#T0001)). The upcoming revision of the Minimal Information Standards for Extracellular Vesicle Research (MISEV 2018) should clarify issues relevant to standardizing extracellular vesicle extraction from biofluids. A key issue is how to make extracellular vesicle isolation sufficiently straightforward and robust for use in a clinical laboratory. One of the authors (JBB) recently visited his hospital's clinical laboratory and became familiar with the methods used for urinalysis. The process has been made so simple and automated that it consists of a "dip" of a stick in a urine sample and the interpretation of a resulting colour change by a machine. Clinical laboratories seek methods requiring no more than trivial sample handling, with a high degree of automation and with little or no laboratory technician judgment. How our field can deliver such tests to the clinical laboratory will be interesting to observe over time. EVs are poised to aid in our understanding of pathology and to potentially guide interventions. In this process, we stand to learn about the biology of EVs in tandem with their therapeutic potential, fulfilling the desire of curiosity and applicability, as Pasteur did generations before.10.1080/20013078.2018.1535744-T0001Table 1.Questions to be answered towards the clinical relevance of extracellular vesicle research.QuestionCurrent StatusLikely Future DirectionsCan extracellular vesicle assays be made clinically usable? Which pre-analytical variables affect results?Highly fragmented and incomplete knowledge; unpublished answers might be known to some groups; answers are likely to be context-dependentISEV Roadmaps for each commonly assayed body fluid ISO certificationAt least one ISO-certified method of EV isolation existsMore certification of methods AutomatabilityFew, if any, automated EV isolation methods existDevelopment of workflows with automated separation of extracellular vesicles and standardized interpretation of downstream assay results ScalabilityEV isolation is labour-intensive, requiring major investment to scale up to large numbers of samplesIncreased role for robotics in extracellular vesicle assaysDo assays for clinical use need to separate pure vesicles, or is an admixture of analytes acceptable? Repeatability versus puritySimpler, more easily repeated methods are often more contaminated with non-extracellular vesicle materialIntensive investigation of the downstream analytical consequences of pure or less pure separation of vesiclesDo we need more transparent or more proprietary methods? Openness versus commercializationMany commercially available methods of isolating extracellular vesicles do not indicate the exact principle of the assay.Continued development of open methods concurrent with commercially destined proprietary processes
Disclosure statement {#S0005}
====================
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Supplementary Material {#S0006}
======================
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed [here](https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2018.1535744).
###### Supplemental Material
[^1]: All authors are International Society for Extracellular Vesicles members
| |
UKSSD’s partners working with local communities use a variety of approaches to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), from informal networks to working with local councils. Here we share five common ways they work to implement the SDGs through stakeholder engagement.
1. Find an anchor
If you want people to engage consistently in your work on the SDGs, you need to have a go-to place for your stakeholder community. It could be a physical space like the 2030Hub in Liverpool or the way that the SDG Network Meetup London has become a go-to place for people wanting to explore their own role and potential impact on the SDGs.
2. Go where the energy is
Trying to ‘convert’ people who don’t see the importance of what we care about can be an uphill battle.
When we started UKSSD our first step was to work with our natural allies - those who were already engaged with or aware of the Goals. As David from 2030Hub Liverpool puts it: ‘We go where there is energy – the early adopters.’ By prioritising the people or organisations most likely to understand and take an interest in the SDGs and you will quickly grow your engagement rates. You will then be able to leverage more support to influence those that need convincing.
3. Focus on awareness raising first
Our partners can attribute a lot of their success to an initial focus on awareness raising. Rather than trying to get their stakeholders to do something, like creating an SDGs action plan, they help their communities understand what the SDGs might mean for them.
Once enough stakeholders are engaged, its easier to co-create or collaborate on practical action.
4. Listen and identify what is mutually beneficial
It’s clear that listening plays an important role in stakeholder engagement. Understanding the needs of your stakeholders is crucial if you want to identify the best way to work together and have an impact on the SDGs.
In local communities, understanding needs and opportunities so that SDG activities have a tangible impact is essential. But it’s very easy to assume we know what these are. It’s the same within an organisation or even at a national or regional scale. By listening we can find a way to work in a mutually beneficial way or collect the evidence we need to decide what’s best.
A brilliant example of this is the work Bristol Green Capital Partnership is doing with the city council and university to understand perspectives on the Goals in Bristol and produce the UK’s first Voluntary Local Review on the SDGs.
5. Don’t underestimate the power of face-to-face meetings
In our increasingly digital world it’s easy to focus our efforts on digital communications – from videos and social media posts to webinars and conference calls.
If you want to make your engagement efforts more effective, don’t underestimate the power of face-to-face meetings or events. These can provide a much more open and inclusive space and help you quickly build the rapport you need to manage a relationship. They’re also a brilliant way to build an online community to maintain momentum.
The events organised at 2030Hub Liverpool and the SDG Network Meetup involve inspiring projects or speakers who shed light on the different ways the Goals might be delivered. They help people connect, share and learn from each other and build informal networks which can be mobilised when needed.
Our partners working on local engagement regularly share learning and experiences with each other through our local action programme. Sharing these experiences with you is just one of the ways UKSSD is helping to accelerate action on the SDGs in the UK. | https://www.ukssd.co.uk/post/solving-the-stakeholder-engagement-challenge |
The Sky at Night
The BBC’s The Sky at Night program is one the longest running TV shows in the world. It began in 1957 and was presented by Patrick Moore—a famousastronomy TV personality—for 55 years until he died in 2012.
At the end of May, the program’s presenter, Professor Chris Lintott, and a small crew came to Western Australia to record an entire episode in Perth and on site at the Murchison radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO).
The visit was supported and coordinated by ICRAR, CSIRO Astronomy and Space and the Australian SKA Office.
After shooting at a couple of locations in Perth, the crew were flown to the MRO with just 6 hours on site to get everything they needed for the 30-minute program.
Despite a frantic shot schedule encompassing EDGES, ASKAP, the MWA and AAVS1/SKA-low, the filming went extremely well and the episode aired in the UK on July 8th — it’s available for UK residents to watch online via BBC’s iPlayer until the middle of August.
The Aperture Array Verification System
Recently, ICRAR coordinated some filming on site at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO) to collect digital assets for filmmakers and future projects — just in time for the BBC and The Sky at Night — and to produce a video to help communicate the Aperture Array Verification System (AAVS1).
The video features some great footage of the site, captured with drones and on the ground: https://vimeo.com/icrar/aavs1
AAVS1 is being used to help test and finalise the design of the low frequency antennas for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-low). It was installed by an international team from Australia, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom over many months and the work is part of a global effort by 12 international engineering consortia representing 500 engineers and scientists in 20 countries.
Astronomical Citizen Science
ICRAR has created several programs that allow everyday citizens to assist in the scientific process and become involved in astronomical research.
‘Galaxy Explorer’ helped ICRAR’s astronomers classify and measure the spectra of more than 300,000 galaxies belonging to the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. Co-led by Dr Ivy Wong at ICRAR-UWA, ‘Radio Galaxy Zoo’ asks citizen scientists to analyse images of galaxies with radio jets. A little different than the standard citizen science project, ‘theSkyNet’ used spare computing power during down times to help ICRAR researchers process astronomy data.
Recently, these projects led the ICRAR OEC team to secure $350,000 of funding to develop a new citizen science project called AstroQuest. Taking data from VISTA’s Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy (VIKING) and the VST’s Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDs), AstroQuest will help analyse around 2 million galaxies and help train new machine learning algorithms for the Wide Area Vista ExtraGalactic Survey (WAVES) catalogue.
Keep an eye on icrar.org for the launch announcement.
Left: Galaxy correctly identified by the algorithm. Right: Galaxy incorrectly shredded by the algorithm.
New Scopes for Remote Telescopes Schools Initiative
SPIRIT is a world class internet accessible telescope initiativeforhigh school and undergraduate students in Western Australia and beyond. The initiative launched in 2010 with a single telescope, expanding to two telescopes in 2012.
In recent months, two more telescopes have added to the online observatory thanks to generous donations by Perth-based business owners.
SPIRIT III and SPIRIT IV are located at a dark-sky site an hour North of Perth, adding much needed capacity and capability to the program.
Through SPIRIT, schools are able to access the same tools used by researchers and astronomers to observe and collect astronomical data. Students book and then remotely access and control the instruments in ‘real time’ from their home or school computers using nothing more than a web browser.
SPIRIT is Australia’s only educational robotic telescope outreach initiative and a world leader in the growing field of Robotic Telescopes in Student Research and Education. | https://newsletter.skatelescope.org/category/ska-outreach-world-skaenews-august2018/icrar-report-skaenews-august2018/ |
As usage of connected devices increase, wireless networks that were intended to support only a few devices, now support many more connected devices. In addition, the connected devices may be running bandwidth intensive applications such as streaming video. When designing a wireless network, a mobile network operator (MNO) may use a peak bandwidth of all the devices to allocate network equipment for each area. If the peak bandwidth is defined by normal operation, incidents that cause an unexpected congestion of connected devices may result in the wireless network dropping or ignoring requests. If the peak bandwidth is based on special or isolated incidents, for normal operation, the capacity above the average usage is wasted bandwidth that may go unused. If a MNO can identify the incidents ahead of time and take preemptive action, the peak bandwidth may be defined closer to normal operation saving vast amounts of network equipment that would otherwise be deployed.
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World Trade and Payments Cycles: The Advance and Retreat of the Postwar Order
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Book Overview
This landmark study of economic history since World War II systematically explores why postwar trade and payments have evolved as they have, the prospects for their future evolution, and the range of policy adjustments likely to be required. Through a rigorous examination and analysis of historical records, the author makes two significant and unique contributions to the scholarship on the subject. First, he reveals the existence of distinct cycles in world trade and payments, beginning in 1959. While scholars have recognized postwar business cycles, none have identified--until now--trade and payments cycles which seem to run parallel. Second, Cohen utilizes newly researched data to explore the much-heralded J-curve and its relevance in relating exchange rates to trade balances, and he identifies several important factors which have slowed the maturation of the J-curve effect on U.S. balances. The study is divided into four parts and begins by looking at the forces that have shaped the postwar trade and payments order. Cohen then turns to an investigation of the period of advance in the trade and payments order from 1945-1967, describing three distinct stages that reflect the emergence, the establishment, and the peak of this period. Section three begins with an analysis of the structure and causes of the four postwar trade and payments cycles and includes an examination of the differences among them. Subsequent chapters address the different cycles themselves, reviewing the history of each and evaluating the growing challenges to the postwar trade and payments order. In the concluding section, Cohen explores why the J-curve in the U.S. has been so weak during the current cycle and assesses the likely consequences of the failure of existing policies to reduce external imbalances. Finally, the author offers a set of recommendations to reduce such imbalances through a new Cycle of Adjustment. Students of economic history, policy makers, and investors will find in Cohen's work significant new insights into economic processes and the probable future economic terrain. | https://www.secondsale.com/i/world-trade-and-payments-cycles-the-advance-and-retreat-of-the-postwar-order/9780275932510 |
Enterprises continue to use a combination of existing middleware and emerging M2M integration approaches for meeting the requirements of specific Internet of Things (IoT) use cases. There is an increasing realization that traditional communication protocols are not appropriate for a “cyber-physical” world, and the lack of M2M communications standards suitable for a range of scenarios further aggravates the situation.
A lack of standards continues to hinder IoT adoption
It is common to see enterprises using custom APIs and proprietary solutions for discrete IoT projects. The typical practice is to achieve connectivity between a particular set of devices and applications with a combination of M2M protocols and custom interfaces. This approach is neither scalable nor practical from the perspective of enterprise IoT initiatives.
The Object Management Group (OMG), an international industry standards consortium, has had some initial success with data distribution service (DDS), a protocol mainly used for realtime device-to-device communications. DDS is based on a centralized architecture and is optimized for distributed processing. The main limitations of DDS include a lack of flexibility in selecting the functionality to be exposed, limited scalability, a lack of support for compression, and limited utilization of multicast.
Message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) is widely used by emerging M2M cloud platforms (for example, Axeda Machine Cloud and Eurotech’s Everyware Cloud M2M Platform) or their components (for example, IBM MessageSight) and its open source implementations, such as Apache ActiveMQ and RabitMQ are also available. One of the inherent limitations of MQTT is limited data throughput, because a single TCP connection supports messaging between a broker and a client instance. This translates into limited horizontal scalability and unsuitability for use in high-availability scenarios. | https://www.telecomasia.net/content/iot-interoperability-remains-conundrum/ |
Pleasantly surprised.
You take a risk choosing a foreign film written and directed by someone who, at the time, had very few screen credits, from a country (Spain) not especially known for cinematic know-how and no world-wide credibility. The movie's two main British stars--weren't too familiar to me, either, although I've since learned they've had some significant screen roles in NA and in the UK. Writer/director Koldo Serra has highlighted another risk: ignorance of the event's significance. "...when we were trying to sell the film, we were surprised to find out that people know the [Picasso] painting, but they don’t know the story behind it.”
The World War II action/romance, Guernica, was and is worth the risk!
It was an ambitious undertaking, and everyone associated with it met the challenge, not the least of which was depicting the bombing of the now-famous Basque town during the Spanish Civil War.
Bonus: viewers will likely discover some other aspects of the time and place you'd didn't know--including the role of Russia.
PS: one review takes issue with the film's literary license: "The journalist hero was British," he maintains, not American. In reality, George Steer, on which the fictitious reporter was modelled, was neither. He was South African journalist who covered--among other events--Italy's earlier invasion of Ethiopia.
The content of this film rather than the acting or scenery is what is important. It tells am important story of pre-WWII Germany's lack of respect for human life and the devastation without consideration of Nazi Germany as they practiced their warfare on innocents who were defenseless.
This film by a Basque filmmaker tells an important story. The main military facts seem accurate: a surprise attack, with no justifiable military rationale other than trying out a new kind of German bomb using the cordite the British invented in the late 1800s and killing / terrorising as many civilians as possible. The film depicts the horror vividly and movingly. Very sadly, and -- for me -- unforgivably -- the writers of a Spanish-French collaboration changed the main character's nationality. The journalist hero was British. His name was George Steer. He was NOT an American named Henry. Read the many web entries about him. He deserves our respect. He did not deserve to be written out of what claims to be a historical depiction of military evil and the courage of war correspondents who report on it.
I found this story more interesting for its depiction of the Spanish Civil War than the love story between the man and woman. Both are attractive--and the journalist nails the stereotype of a hard-drinking, cynical reporter who's surprised by love--but I didn't see much chemistry between them. Northern Spain's scenery is beautiful. The film captures the Resistance to fascism, every day life in the midst of war, the fighting of women side-by-side with their men (there is an especially brave/foolhardy photojournalist who risks her life), and the competing factions who were using this war as a test bed prelude to WWII. Guernica was the first city to be deliberately targeted by the Nazis as a 3-hour bombing, Blitzkrieg-style attack, with civilians as the main target.
Immortalized forever by Picasso in his abstract painting of the same name. If you like this movie, you're likely to enjoy "Pan's Labyrinth," told mostly through the eyes of an imaginative child trying to survive her mother's new marriage to a Spanish fascist.
Comments below may be disregarded.
The Picasso-inspired tableau: nicely done.
Bad acting, flat delivery, and an unbelievable storyline. In the USA's ongoing attempts to rewrite history so that the USA - or at least a stalwart American - is the hero (as in "The Monuments Men", etc.), this American movie pits an American journalist against not only Franco's right-wing forces, but also against the German airforce, Soviet puppetmasters, and devious Spanish Republicans. So what if the Spanish Civil War was really about the overthrow of the popular Republican government by Franco's right-wing militia, aided by Hitler's and Mussolini's military? What this movie really wants to do is to make an American the hero of the day, while portraying the Russians (who were the ones actually trying to help the popular Republican government survive) as ruthless and cruel intruders. I had to turn the movie off halfway through, I was so offended by this revisionist crap!
This starts out very well. The scenery, the costumes, the milieu are all interesting. The script isn't very good and the acting in not great. From about 10 minutes in, the plot becomes convoluted, the story gets lost, and the audience may fall asleep. However, for about half an hour we get a view of a sexist, politically torn, anti-press and propaganda, anti-war, anti-American, anti-war Spain.
I stopped watching when a female reporter snapping her camera - in heels, hat and a beige trench coat - was able to run through the front line 'no-man's land' dodging machine gun bullets.
also I found the sound a bit smudgy and there were no English subtitles.
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Prime Minister Harris Featured in OECS Business Focus Magazine
The Federation’s Prime Minister, Hon. Dr. Timothy Harris, has been featured in an interview with the OECS Business Focus.
The online magazine with the slogan “The Magazine for Decision Makers”, looks at the organisation’s members, highlights within the economy, finance, technology, and tourism; and major moves across the region.
The August 5th issue reports Prime Minister Harris’ responses to a number of topical issues including his government’s plans within the first term in office, economic sustainability, the country’s Citizenship by Investment Program, the OECS Single Market and Economy, inter-island travel and the Caribbean Court of Justice.
When asked to outline “some of the major areas of focus” for his government during its first term, Dr. Harris said, “The government has begun working assiduously on some key areas that would further energize growth and development in St. Kitts and Nevis.”
He listed, among his priorities, plans to invest in alternative energy sources to reduce energy and production costs, making cost of living more affordable, fostering an environment that would promote job creation in the private sector, and broadening on investment in other sub sectors of tourism.
On the issue of unemployment among young people, Dr. Harris mentioned the People’s Employment Program (PEP) which he said provides “short term employment” but stressed that his administration is reviewing the program.
He said that review is to ensure that individuals have the requisite skills and opportunities to become self employed or are placed in permanent positions in the private sector. | https://zizonline.com/prime-minister-harris-featured-in-oecs-business-focus-magazine/ |
I’m going to share a vision of software localization that some will resist or refute. This vision changes enterprise translation workflows, internal globalization departments, and vendor landscapes. All this from the humble QA practice, which is often overlooked, late, or piling up backlogs.
Linguistic and functional QA for software is important in delivering a quality experience for global users. But the typical software QA process is clumsy and slow compared to most other software development practices. Localization QA is a late waterfall process, despite whatever continuous label the industry uses. There may be exceptions, but at my company, we see this as just about universal. People are still in love with their processes and screenshots, but that is exactly holding enterprises back from timely collaboration. In today’s world, people must be willing to learn, unlearn, and learn again as technology and processes shift.
Let’s first address how software Linguistic QA (LQA) often goes:
Linguistic Reviewers may navigate an application based on testing instructions, then when finding an issue: create a screenshot, highlight the text to be corrected, open a defect in a bug tracking system, assign it to a manager who will then have to find which team/dev/repository that may belong to, have a developer (who is busy with feature development) figure out where the error is located for a string in a likely-unknown language (think Chinese or Japanese for an English speaker), and send the file with a correction via email to a language service provider. The language service provider team then needs to handle that retranslation: start a workflow, assign that correction, return the correction, send the correction some time later back to the development team (which may be busy with some other tasks), figure from the email where to push the file back, and finally have a correction in the repo. This tends to take days, weeks, or even years.
This is a horrendous workflow. To be sure, we’ve seen that some companies have found ways to condense some parts of the LQA effort. But at almost all companies, it’s an onerous process that people have gotten used to because they didn’t have much choice.
Alternatives include using proxies (always limiting), complex changes to DevOps systems which have poor results across web, mobile, and desktop platforms, or asking developers to capture screenshots and comments and associate them with strings (hard to scale and depends on people doing the right thing).
The software development world is where we orbit at Lingoport, so that is my perspective. As translator outsiders, we like to think of ourselves as coming up with development-centric ideas that the industry doesn’t see, because of its focus on words and word handling. Whereas we focus on developer problems like internationalization, continuous localization updates, and — you guessed it — now QA.
When we talk about the needs of software developers working as individuals and in teams — multiplied across an enterprise — scale and speed become clear issues. Developer time is expensive. Product release delays are even more expensive. Poor releases are more expensive still. Missed or bungled opportunities are among the most competitively expensive. And I find loss is often more persuasive than gains.
The biggest loss that software localization teams are facing is their rejection and friction with development teams.
The biggest cause of that dysfunction is that localization usually doesn’t work the way developers have come to expect integrated services should perform.
Agile development is the norm for most organizations, at least in some form. This has a few conditions that localization teams must heed if they are to eliminate friction within their organization and make their companies global powerhouses.
Agile development requires that coding quality and QA practices are integrated into everyday development. That is not solved by a TMS connector alone. The point is to find software issues early based on analysis and feedback, fix the issues fast and early when they are easy and fast to correct, and then move on. So the saying goes: iterate, iterate, and iterate. Demonstrating success of a new feature and the feedback mechanism are essential. Developers should not be waiting until a release has been localized to start finding and fixing issues, or dealing with replacing words.
What developers want:
Developers like and are used to automated processes that help them with repetitive tasks, which in turn limits exposure to revisiting code for fixes later. They are used to systems that automatically help them assess coding quality, assist in code review amongst themselves, find potential security issues, and visually/functionally inspect that their project performs as planned.
Internationalization issues that impact localization, like embedded strings, concatenations, locale-unsafe methods, static files, and more can be found via static analysis as an automated process tied to continuous automation. In other words, if a developer hard codes a font that doesn’t work well for traditional Chinese, that should be indicated in a pull request, dashboard, their IDE, or the like. Developers are used to seeing and fixing these sorts of issues as part of their daily coding and review. It’s usually a fast fix if you know the problem and where it is in the code. If a QA team is finding it later based on, for example, a screenshot showing a broken date format, it takes longer to fix. Bug reports, rather than trackable issues in code, means stopping what they are currently doing (hurting velocity), verifying the bug, figuring out where in the code it exists, fixing it, verifying the fix, and closing out the bug, which then gets reviewed by others. Multiply that by developers, teams, and products across an enterprise. Clearly, fixing it in real time during development is easier. This is the i18n process improvement we’ve known at my company for years.
We would like localization to be a “no touch” automated experience for the development teams. This should be the normal expectation by now. Developers should not have to wait on localization to actually see how their software performs in various locales. They should not be finding out later on that an address format doesn’t work, or that someone has hard coded as string or concatenated a dialog so that the word order doesn’t work everywhere. Country managers should be able to view development in target languages, right in step with development, well before human localization is complete. In fact, what we call continuous localization is not really continuous at all. It’s a streamlined process, but it doesn’t continuously move with development. And the whole reason it doesn’t is because LQA is an onerous process.
Think of it this way, if you knew it was easy to update translations during LQA, then you could make it just like any other QA human process and have it take place in complete parity with functional QA.
The new workflow would automate trained machine translation that updates with every branching feature development effort. Words get continuous updates with changes via machine. The human translators could then interact with those translations either through the TMS or, better yet, directly within the U/I, both of which are solutions that Lingoport has built.
How much easier would it be if instead, a linguistic tester would simply indicate what needs to be changed, that change is tied to the offending string, and after approval, it all updates in the source code automatically? The new workflow reduces to inspect, change, review/accept/reject the change, and then the source is automatically updated. We’ve reduced to three streamlined steps that can happen in step with development.
This was a difficult trick to implement, and make work across platform types, programming languages, and development eccentricities, but it was a vision we’ve had for some years.
The full LQA leveraged workflow goes like this:
1. Developer creates a branch to work on a new feature(s).
a) Their code is automatically statically analyzed real time for i18n issues.
b) U/I strings in resource files are automatically detected, transformed if needed, translated via a favored/trained MT engine, and returned to the source code.
2. Developers can see how the application looks and functions in target locales, plus pseudo-translations.
3. Source strings can be easily edited by the product team and the edits in turn are automatically translated.
Optional: The strings that have be machine translated, can be reviewed by humans in supporting TMS.
4. LQA testers review the application, following manual test script instructions that are already produced for the functional testing teams.
5. LQA team updates strings, which are then queued for localization management review.
6. Upon acceptance of the human translator edits, the resource files are automatically updated in their respective source code repositories.
7. The translation edits automatically go full circle back to the MT engine to update the corpus or TM. The MT system gets better with continuous use.
We leave the initial translation to the machines and put humans where they can be of greater value — actually reviewing the application where they can have input beyond changing 33 words in a table as fast as they can.
Functional and linguistic quality is faster and better when review and updates are right there at the tester’s screen and fingertips.
New technologies, new processes and old thinking
With any change in technology and related processes, there is the challenge of changing thinking. It’s hard for people to imagine changes in workflow, and there’s work to be done up front to gain the benefits. For instance, the integrated process I’ve mentioned means getting comfortable with machine translation, which has been making big impacts on the industry anyway. You must be OK that the MT might not be initially perfect, and comfortable in your team catching the issues during LQA. You should put in the work to assemble glossaries and translation memory assets. Then final QA edits also automatically go back to the MT engine or TMS to iteratively improve results. Your current vendors may not be flexible enough.
Changing the role and measurement of Translation
Globalization managers must consider hiring a team for your regular QA process — not paid by the word. This is a vendor partnering opportunity. You wouldn’t think of paying a functional QA person by the word, because that doesn’t relate to the task. Same for the QA approach I’ve described. In talking to some translators, this represents an opportunity. I do find it troublesome that in software translation, the norm is to rely on a translator to take a machine translation of bundles of short strings and rip through them with edits in as little time as possible for payment by the word. It strikes me that retaining highly educated translation experts willing to translate a batch of projects with an average of say 33 words each, is a limiting business practice. But being a relied upon LQA expert that reviews new features regularly and gives locale-specific, or language-specific input, is better for everyone.
It’s also hard for people to think differently when they see new solutions. An example is showing a much faster way to update a string, yet some people still want traditional screen shots and bug reports. It’s what they are used to being measured by, even if a streamlined process makes them irrelevant.
The reader may be wondering where the TMS fits in?
The TMS calling is to be the arbiter of translation efforts and resources. The system I have described can operate entirely outside of a TMS, but it can also operate in partnership, depending upon the technical integration. The catch is that the workflow I’ve described doesn’t require a CAT tool or translator workbench, since corrections can happen in line with application screens. That said, a translator could review the translations in the traditional source/target paradigm. There are cases for this. For example, in life sciences, you may want a double human translator process to absolutely make sure of the right translation.
This approach opens up localization to a new class of software providers who might not ordinarily justify localization into many markets due to processing overhead, minimum translation charges for iterations and lack of overall budget. In our experience we’ve seen application providers who were only thinking of one or two target languages leap to 10 or more. In some cases, due to the ease of QA updates, they are having in-country stakeholders and distributors review and update translations. I know that won’t scale well, but it gets a toehold for software teams who represent the future growth of our industry. And language is very much a part of the relationship we have with individual users. | https://multilingual.com/articles/a-new-approach-to-linguistic-qa-the-keystone-to-faster-better-software-globalization/ |
Research within the disciplines : foundations for reference and library instruction / edited by Peggy Keeran and Michael Levine-Clark.
Contributor(s): Keeran, Peggy | Levine-Clark, Michael.Material type: BookPublisher: Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield, 2014Copyright date: ©2014Edition: Second Edition.Description: x, 357 pages ; 24 cm.Content type: text Media type: unmediated Carrier type: volumeISBN: 9781442232754 (paperback : alkaline paper).Subject(s): Library research | Reference services (Libraries) | Research -- Methodology | Library orientation
|Item type||Current location||Call number||Copy number||Status||Notes||Date due||Barcode||Item holds|
|Books||Main Library: Reference Section||Z 710 .R47 2014 (Browse shelf)||c.1||Available||Requested by College of Education||16-027759|
Total holds: 0
Includes bibliographical references and index.
There are no comments for this item.
Log in to your account to post a comment. | http://ils.pup.edu.ph/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=54172 |
Experiments show distracted pedestrians can slow people behind them
A snapshot of the experiment under the front condition taken from the side. Credit: Hisashi Murakami, Kyoto Institute of Technology; The University of Tokyo
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo and Nagaoka University of Technology has found that distracted pedestrians walking on crowded sidewalks can slow the pace of those people behind them. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes experiments they conducted with pedestrians distracted by their smartphones and what they found.
Prior research has shown that when people walk along crowded sidewalks, they tend naturally to form columns of pedestrians made up of people following the people walking ahead of them—some of the columns go one direction, some the other. Such columns have been found to form during initial contact as those people at the front of a crowd negotiate an initial path with one another. The people behind them simply follow the path that the leader forged. In this new effort, the researchers have found that if a person at the front of such a crowd is distracted, it can prevent the formation of columns, resulting in slowed pedestrian traffic for all involved.
To learn more about the impact of people using their smartphones while walking on crowded sidewalks, the researchers enlisted the assistance of two groups of 27 volunteer pedestrians. One group was asked to wear yellow hats, the other red. The researchers then filmed the action from above as the two small crowds of people began walking and met one another head-on, on a city sidewalk. The researchers ran the exercise several times, varying the action by giving a smartphone to certain individuals.
A movie of the experiment under the front condition where locations of the distracted pedestrians are marked by blue circles. Credit: Hisashi Murakami, Kyoto Institute of Technology; The University of Tokyo
In watching the videos, the researchers found that if a person at the front of the crowd was given the smartphone, and they were distracted by using it, their actions could disrupt the movement of the crowds as they merged. This was because there was no negotiated path between the person with the phone and the person they encountered. A single person, it was found, could prevent the formation of columns, disrupting the smooth pedestrian walking paths. But they also found that if they gave the phone to someone farther back in the crowd, there was little to no impact on crowd movement. The distracted phone user was able to follow the person ahead of them, keeping the column that had formed intact.
Citation:
Experiments show distracted pedestrians can slow people behind them (2021, March 18)
retrieved 18 March 2021
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The aim of history teaching here at Newhey Community School is to stimulate the children’s interest and understanding about the life of people who lived in the past through historical enquiry. We teach children a sense of chronology, and through this they develop a sense of identity and cultural understanding based on their historical heritage. They learn to value their own and other people’s cultures in modern multicultural Britain and by considering how people lived in the past they are better able to make their own life choices today. In our school, history makes a significant contribution to citizenship education by teaching about how Britain developed a democratic society. We teach children to understand how events in the past have influenced our lives today; we also teach them to investigate these past events, and by doing so, to develop the skills of enquiry, analysis, interpretation and problem-solving. | https://www.newhey.rochdale.sch.uk/rochdale/primary/newhey/site/pages/ourschool/curriculum/history |
The American Wildlife Conservation Foundation (AWCF) provides grants supporting research and public education towards enhancing scientific wildlife management, and conservation of wild habitats in North America, with an emphasis on New York State. Our goal is to insure that wild animals and the ecosystems sustaining them will thrive for the long term, conserved for the enjoyment of present and future generations.
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William C. Churchill fund – Karl T. Fredrick memorial Fund
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Is Bird-specific?
No
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$2000
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Eligible Recipients
, Undergraduate Students, Masters Students, Doctoral Students, Postdoctoral, Early Professionals, Established Professionals, Non-Professionals, Organizations/Governments,
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Purpose
, Research,
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Location
, North America,
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, February,
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- Is Bird-specific? | https://ornithologyexchange.org/funding/grants/william-c-churchill-fund-%E2%80%93-karl-t-fredrick-memorial-fund-r157/ |
Urography, X-ray examination of any part of the urinary tract after introduction of a radiopaque substance (often an organic iodine derivative) that casts an X-ray shadow. This contrast fluid, which passes quickly into the urine, may be taken orally or injected intravenously. It may also be injected directly into the area being examined. Tumours, tuberculous abscesses, kidney stones, and obstruction by prostatic enlargement may be detected by this method. Specific types of urography include pyelography (examination of the kidney and ureter) and cystography (examination of the bladder). Motion-picture “voiding cystograms” provide evidence of gross reflux of urine into the ureters and pelvis of the kidney during voiding.
Urography
Medicine
in most vertebrates, except birds, organ for the temporary storage of urine from the kidneys, connected to the kidneys by means of tubular structures called ureters. A urinary bladder is present in fish as an expansible part of the urinary duct, in amphibians and bladder-possessing reptiles...
substance comparatively opaque to X ray, which, when present in an organ or tissue, causes a lighter appearance— i.e., a more definite image—on the X-ray film. Some body structures, such as the lungs, show in X-ray films and in fluoroscopic images by virtue of the sharp difference... | https://www.britannica.com/topic/urography |
By Nancy S Buck, PhD, RN
During one of my regular shifts in the psychiatric emergency room of a general hospital a patient arrived who was feeling exceedingly anxious and worried. He had experienced a number of recent life events contributing to his emotional state. And he added to his list of recent concerns by piling on more issues and challenges he had been juggling and trying to handle for awhile.
In my well meaning attempts to be helpful I shared some very specific ideas and suggestions for some coping skills he could immediately start to implement. Simply taking some deep breaths and focusing on the rise and fall of his chest and belly should be a good and helpful start. These suggestions were met with an increase in his upset and anxiety leading to tears. Clearly I was contributing to his condition worsening.
Later it hit me. This fellow was invested in his upset and suffering. He was not yet read or willing to change.
I was reminded of my own personal experience years earlier. While washing dishes I was deep into an argument with my husband, even though my husband was not home at the time.
At some point I realized my ranting, raving and complaining was not helping me get what I wanted and needed. I even went so far as deciding a different course of action that would help me get what I wanted and needed.
I asked myself two important questions:
Am I willing to do something different?
Am I ready to do something different?
NO!
This was the simple truth. Even though I had evaluated my present behavior as being ineffective, I was not ready or willing to give it up . . . YET!
The present argument was quite satisfying. I was able to express my feelings and desires without interruption. I could be right and righteous without interruption or contradiction. I would WIN this argument.
Later, I told myself, I would approach my husband and engage in a conversation where we could work toward compromise and mutually satisfactory solutions. Later I would be ready and willing.
Now I know better. Now I will still offer my patients some immediate skills and solutions to help them improve their sense of well being and settle their emotional upheaval. But first I will ask:
Is what you are doing now helping you get what you need and want?
Are you willing and ready to consider doing something different?
Respecting their present state of mind I will ask if they are ready, willing and wanting to move forward for greater Mental Health and Happiness. | http://mentalhealthandhappiness.com/tag/feeling-anxious-and-worried/ |
Gestures and Expressions
So much of communication is said without actual words. Messages can be conveyed with just a glance, anyone with a mother I am sure can attest to that fact. This week, thanks to our partner Krousar Thmey, DDP CSL teachers, interpreters, and interpreters-in-training have been practicing those skills in a workshop led by a delegation from the Philippines. The ground rules are simple, no speaking, no formal sign language, only gestures can be used to communicate. For our CSL teachers, these skills can soon be put to use when working with new signers. The more expressive they learn to be, the better they are at reading subtle emotions, the easier it will be to teach. For our interpreters, these skills are crucial in facilitating equal access and communication with Deaf community members.
And, the games were great practice for remembering and relaying a message. Check-out the game of telephone in only gestures.
Comments are closed. | https://www.ddp-cambodia.org/gestures-and-expressions/ |
The Athens City School District has implemented a plan where students will gradually be re-introduced to in-person learning after nearly two months since classes have begun online.
“This gradual reintroduction of students into the building will allow us to make sure our safety protocols are being implemented with fidelity in an effort to provide the safest environment possible for our students,” Tom Gibbs, ACSD superintendent, said in an email.
Preschool began Monday, with kindergarten, seventh grade at Athens Middle School and both eleventh and twelfth grades at Athens High School starting Oct. 19.
Gibbs said younger children were chosen to be introduced first due to the difficulties they have in accessing the online curriculum if an adult was unable to be present during class.
“(Working) families have more challenges with keeping younger children at home due to supervision and being able to access and afford quality childcare,” Gibbs said in an email.
Gibbs said students will be assigned to “cohorts,” or groups, and will have three days of asynchronous work online and two full days at school per week.
Several safety protocols will be in place. Masks will be required, most students will eat lunches in classrooms and six feet of physical distance will be maintained as much as possible.
Though many precautions are in place, some school board members have a number of concerns about re-opening.
“I think a number of things could trigger (virtual schooling),” Sean Parsons, ACSD School Board president, said. “One big one is it could come down to the governor making that decision like he did last spring, but I think it would be more likely that our superintendent and health department work together to ultimately make that call. There are a lot of variables in play.”
Gibbs said the district will be working with the Athens City-County Health Department to determine whether in-person schooling should continue.
There are also concerns about how, if a shutdown were to happen again, virtual schooling would affect the students.
“My concerns are two-fold,” Kim Goldsberry, ACSD school board member, said in a message. “We need to make decisions that are focused on safety, yet we also know we have students who need to physically be in school.”
Some people may depend on public schooling for childcare or meals. Other students struggle without the physical social interaction, or may not learn as efficiently from virtual schooling.
“There are a number of (students) for whom online learning isn't working well, and it could be for a number of reasons,” Parsons said. “It could be they have poor internet, it could be their age, could be their situation at home or whatever, and for those kids, having more in-person learning would be a benefit. Public schools, in many ways, have a number of other responsibilities thrust on them. For example, having children at school so families who have working caregivers can go to work.”
Gibbs said social interaction is very important to development, and virtual learning makes social interactions significantly different.
He also said the schools have a responsibility to support the children, and they will be looking to provide safe in-person activities as much as possible.
“Of course, in-person learning during a pandemic presents other challenges, like the safety precautions for not just our students but also for our teachers and staff, and what we could do to make learning as effective and safe as possible,” Parsons said. | https://www.thepostathens.com/article/2020/10/athens-city-school-district-hybrid-learning-coronavirus |
A statement is defined as a sentence that tells the truth about something. It could also mean an account about facts, opinions or views, and important future plans. It is also like that of a declaration where an individual provides the exact details of their properties, like vehicles and real estates. Court proceedings also require various types of statements. This just goes to say that general statements are more than just sentences. It is something that has a deeper meaning and purpose.
In this article are 7+ statement of facts samples in PDF and Word that you can view and download. These samples are in different varieties so that you will be able to find one that is exactly what you need or perhaps close to what you need. We have also included basic information that will help you further understand what standard statement of facts are and how to go about making one. Feel free to check out the samples below!
Sample Bank Statement of Facts
General Statement of Facts Template
Standard Statement of Facts Sample
Statement of Facts Template
Statement of Facts for Grounds for Appeal
What Is a Statement of Facts?
Facts are referred to as something that actually exists in the real world or occurrences that really happened. Writing a statement of facts means writing down every single detail of an event or accident. A statement of facts is a popular document that is mostly used in court proceedings where an individual’s encounter about a certain incident is being recalled or provided in chronological order and in a very detailed manner. This kind of statement of facts is known as a witness statement. It is difficult to write a statement of facts on your own, especially without the advice of a professional, like lawyers. Whatever is written in the statement of facts that an individual presents to court is subject to scrutiny from the judge and other prosecutors.
The goal of writing a statement of facts is purely to convince or persuade the court and its audience to believe one’s side of the story. That is why it is important that a statement be written with utmost care, making sure that all the details are clearly stated and the rest of the story is consistent throughout. Otherwise, it may appear questionable in court, thus making an individual’s credibility and honesty doubtful. You may also see sample research statements
There are also statement of facts that are used outside the courtroom. Although used in different situations and proceedings, they still serve the same purpose—which is to provide real and existing information about something. Statement of facts can be used to declare the status of one’s vehicle, for making an appeal or when making a dispute. The important thing to know about statement of facts is that all the information supplied into the statement form should all be true, otherwise one might face legal consequences for falsifying the details.
Uses of a Statement of Facts Sample
There are a lot of statement of facts samples that are available online and they can be accessed anytime you want. Now, if you’re lucky, you might find something for free. Well, it’s not that it is very difficult to find though. So what would you actually do with a statement of facts samples? If you still don’t know, the list we have enumerated below might be able to help you.
1. If you are required to write a statement of facts for the fist time and you definitely don’t know what to do, then download these amazing statement of facts samples that you can find here. The sample will give you an idea on what things you need to write on your statement.
2. The samples will also serve as your guide about what you should and should not include in a statement of facts.
3. You can copy some of the details provided in the statement of facts sample, provided that they apply to you and that they are appropriate for your needs. An exception is when writing a statement of facts about your encounter of a particular incident that you will be presenting in court.
4. A statement of facts sample also serves as your guide on what you should write on a statement of facts form when you are trying to fill out one. This makes it easy for you to go about writing down the details instead of guessing what you should actually write on the form.
5. There are a lot of students who are visual learners. This means that they learn faster if the discussion is accompanied by a visual aid, and a statement of facts sample does just that.
What other brilliant things do you think or can you think of to best use a statement of facts samples? I’m pretty sure it has more uses than what we have listed above. Aside from statement of facts samples, we also have statement templates that you might find useful. They are legal statement samples and templates, personal financial statement samples, and free cash flow statement samples and templates.
What Is a Statement of Facts for DMV?
DMV stands for the Department of Motor vehicles. In the United States, they are the department responsible for car registrations and other related stuff. A DMV statement of facts is known as a legal document where the specifics and other facts about the vehicle is provided without having to go through an argument. It is like a declaration about one’s motor vehicle. The facts that are usually required in this statement are the name of the owner of the motor vehicle, make and model of the motor vehicle, where it was purchased, its body color, the brand of the motor vehicle, and the list goes on.
The DMV is responsible for the registration of new motor vehicles with its corresponding paperwork. They provide a statement of facts form that they exclusively use to ensure that everybody provides the exact information they are looking for. To further declare that the statement is true, the applicant for registration needs to affix their signature to the document.
Other related topics you might be interested in are DMV application forms, DMV bill of sale samples, and DMV change of address form.
Statement of Facts Sample for Disputes
Sample Statement of Agreed Facts
DMV Statement of Facts Template
Agreed Statement of Facts for a Criminal Case
Respondent’s Statement of Facts and Contentions
MVD Statement of Facts Template
How Can You Make Your Statement of Facts Better?
Not all statement of facts are used in the courtroom. There are some that are used to declare something about a property or an asset. Writing a statement of facts is not something that everybody is required to do on a daily basis. But if ever you find yourself really having a hard time making one, then you might want to check out the tips that we a have gathered below.
1. Write in the most persuasive manner without being too extreme. This can be done by learning about persuasive techniques, such as persuasive writing.
2. Your own theory of the case should be incorporated in your statement of facts, this way you will be able to write one that is believable and helps emphasize to your reader what really happened.
3. Never make up a story that never happened in your statement of facts, especially if it is going to be presented in court. While you have seen a lot of these things happen in the movies, the tide won’t be on your side in real life. You will see that your story will be easily found out.
4. Always be consistent with what you are writing. Don’t change the names, phrases, or words that you use in your statement of facts because it will make your work look inconsistent and unreliable.
5. Always be specific about the dates and time that you write in your statement. Write the details exactly as you remember it.
6. Avoid using vague words such as maybe, could be, around that time, etc. Your statement will look unreliable if you do so.
7. Write clearly and concisely. You don’t have to use impressive, rare, and difficult to pronounce words just to make you look smart. The people who are going to read your statement are not interested on how smart you are but they are more interested on how well you present the facts.
8. As much as possible, a statement of facts should be unbiased even if it presents your side of the story.
9. Do not use words that are overly dramatic.
10. If you are using simple or neutral sentences, find a way to tweak those sentences to become more persuasive without overdoing it.
The best tip or technique that you can use in writing your own statement is one that you learned on your own. The best way to gain that knowledge available statement samples and templates. Examples are disclosure statement samples and templates, personal financial statements samples and templates, and net worth statement samples. | https://www.sampletemplates.com/business-templates/statement/statement-of-facts-samples-pdf-word.html |
Quantia Capital is a cryptocurrency hedge fund and digital-asset-management company trading an arbitrage strategy across the most-liquid crypto exchanges in the world. Our market-neutral strategy captures alpha without having exposure to the volatility of the market.
Quantia Arbitrage Fund uses an algorithmic strategy that makes the most of market inefficiencies, entering a long position where price is lower, and a short position where price is higher.
Our algorithm evaluates not only the spread across the exchanges but also market depth and liquidity for entering these positions at the right time.
To achieve stable positive results, the process involves a number of complexities that require a well-considered technical and program implementation, like having deposits on several exchanges, specialized software that monitors arbitrage opportunities as well as specific properly-allocated hardware with minimum ping.
Quantia’s algorithm is able to analyze hundreds of pairs of cryptocurrencies and find the most profitable chains, earning up to 1.5 - 2.5% monthly in units of BTC. | https://quantiacapital.com/ |
799 руб.
URSS. 2003. 248 с.
Will our Universe expand forever, or there is a Big Crunch coming up? How can the rate of the Universe expansion be measured in a laboratory? How does the boundary of space look?
How can Mach's principle be verified experimentally? How many stars are needed in order for the law of inertia to hold?... (Подробнее)
246 руб.
Принципы универсального языка (проблема Универсальной характеристики Лейбница): Билингва: английский—русский // The problem of the Leibniz's universal characteristic. Bilingua: English--Russian
URSS. 2016. 112 с.
Лейбниц провозгласил необходимость создания новой философии, в которой роль фундамента играет идея всеобщей гармонии. Прообраз такого метода он видел в методе математическом, который сам по себе не является универсальным, но может служить образцом, позволяя обобщить алгоритм. В книге предлагается... (Подробнее)
437 руб.
1999. 64 с.
The nature of light being a subject of intensive research and speculation over the centuries still remains a "dark" issue of the modern physics. It has been established that light transfers energy from the source to the receiver by discrete portions, the quanta. However, there is no unified point of... (Подробнее)
486 руб.
URSS. 2008. 152 с.
The endless and mysterious history of origin and development of celestial bodies, the evolution of the Solar System, comets, asteroids, terrestrial and giant planets, small bodies and enigmatic planet rings --- all these are the material on which a number of cosmogonical hypotheses are built.
The author... (Подробнее)
973 руб.
URSS. 2010. 208 с.
Fundamental and derived physical quantities are geometrized on the basis of the hypothesis of global stationary state of our Universe. A new (L) system of physical quantities based on a single quantity (length) is created and developed. Numerical values of seven base units as well as fundamental physical... (Подробнее)
633 руб.
URSS. 2010. 216 с.
This book describes the postulates (principles) of Energy Theory, which state the following. The Universe, in all of its parts ranging from the minimal to the maximal, is constantly pulsating, compressing energy in some parts and accordingly rarefying it in others. The Universe is to be considered... (Подробнее)
616 руб.
URSS. 2010. 120 с.
How one electron can be in two remote areas simultaneously? How can we “cook up” a quantum state? What is described by wave function and when its reduction takes place? How long is a quantum jump and is it a reversible process? How does quantum nonlocality work? Traditional textbooks on quantum mechanics... (Подробнее)
486 руб.
URSS. 2008. 120 с.
This book presents key ideas of quantum mechanics. The paradoxes of the quantum world are explained with examples of dispute between Einstein and Bohr. A collection of simple drawings illustrates the key concepts: wave/particle dualism, non-locality, and quantum jumps.
The foundations of quantum physics... (Подробнее)
633 руб.
URSS. 2012. 112 с.
It is shown in the book that by attributing the properties of superfluid 3He-B to physical vacuum one can describe the following physical phenomena: the emission, absorption and propagation of light, the wave properties of matter, the interaction of quantum particles with electric fields, superconductivity,... (Подробнее)
Всего 9
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Книги с пометкой "В печати" можно добавлять к заказу. Их стоимость и доставка не учитываются в общей стоимости заказа. Когда они поступят в продажу, мы обязательно уведомим Вас. | http://urss.ru/cgi-bin/db.pl?lang=Ru&page=Catalog&list=Series167 |
Atlas Index, USMA Map Library http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/AtlasesTableOfContents.htmlDepartment of History, United States Military Academy at West Point Printer-Friendly VersionReviewed by: Wayne HanleyWest Chester University January 2004
This website offers a stellar digital collection of maps, focusing on important military campaigns in history. The site’s database contains more than 450 maps arranged in 18 broad categories. These are organized chronologically, and include “Ancient Warfare,” “The Napoleonic Wars,” “The American Civil War,” “World War Two—European Theater“ (and “Pacific/Asian Theater“), and “Wars and Conflicts Since 1958.” Each of these major headings are divided into smaller subgroupings and a listing of the individual maps. Such an arrangement allows for quick and easy access to the collection.
“Ancient Warfare“ offers 21 maps organized under the headings “The Greek Hoplite In Classical Warfare,” “Alexander The Great and the Macedonian Art Of War,” “Challenges of the Roman Republic,” and “Caesar and the Roman Empire.” Maps include particular battles (such as Marathon, Issus, Pharsalus, and Adrianople), but also offer campaign overviews, political maps, and several helpful illustrations. The sketches of the organization of the Macedonian army, “Hammer and Anvil” tactics, and the evolution of the Roman legion could be quite valuable for helping students gain an appreciation for the complexities of ancient warfare and for the evolution of tactical organizations. Let’s face it—boxes and arrows depicting battles on a blackboard only go so far toward illustrating key battles.
The general political maps of the various periods before and after major wars make this a valuable resource for teachers. Some maps can also be enlarged to full-screen (and higher-resolution) images, making them well suited for showing in the classroom. The real value of this site, however, is for the teacher (or student) seeking a greater understanding of military history or wanting illustrations to supplement lessons involving military history. Maps of virtually all key land battles in history can be found in this collection (only a few naval operations are depicted). Some battles, such Poitiers, Waterloo, Gettysburg and the D-Day landings, have multiple maps demonstrating their hourly or daily evolutions. Such resources can be wonderful supplements for visual learners.
“Atlas Sources“ offers information on original sources and publishers for those interested in obtaining hard copies of the maps. Most of the maps appear in printed form in volumes published by the Avery Publishing Group and Praeger Publishers.
finding world history | unpacking evidence | analyzing documents | teaching sources | aboutA project of the Center for History and New Media, George Mason University, | https://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/81/whm.html |
What is etymology?
Ever wondered why some languages have a lot of words in common? Etymology can tell you why. Etymology is the study of the history of words. It traces a word from its earliest beginnings to where it is now, and looks at all of the places it stopped in between.
Etymology in the English language
A lot of English words come from Latin, often via French. Similar words can be found in other Latin-based languages like Italian and Romanian. Many other English words come from Germanic languages, and similar words appear in languages like Dutch and German.
How can etymology help me?
Etymology can help you understand your native language better. It can also teach you about the common root of words in several different languages. That often means that you can recognise words in other languages without being told exactly what they mean.
Take the word ‘robot’ which comes from the Czech word robotnik meaning ‘labourer’. You can see variations on the word robotnik in lots of other Slavic languages meaning ‘worker’ or ‘manual labourer’, as well as the word robota, meaning ‘work’ (n.). Learning the root of one word allows you to understand words in a host of different languages. Etymology can hel[ you take some shortcuts in language learning and who doesn’t want that?
8 English words with interesting etymology
1. Dungarees
The word ‘dungarees’ comes from the Hindi word dungri. The meaning of dungri is ‘coarse calico’ (the material dungarees were originally made of) and it comes from the village of Dungri, which was just outside Mumbai, and was where dungarees were originally made.
2. Whiskey
The origin of the word ‘whiskey’ is, not surprisingly, Gaelic, a language used in Ireland and Scotland. Uisge beatha or usquebaugh is the Gaelic word for whiskey and it was corrupted into English as ‘whiskey’. It translates as ‘water of life’, which is fitting for when you’re drinking it but maybe not so much for the day after.
3. Clue
This word is a different spelling of the Germanic word clew which means a ball of thread or yarn. It originally comes from the ‘clew of thread’ which was to Theseus to use as a guide out of the Labyrinth in Greek mythology. This is a good example of a word gaining meaning, because nowadays, when you say “Give me a clue”, you don’t want a ball of yarn, you want some helpful information.
4. Tattoo
Tattoo comes from the Polynesian words ta-tau or ta-tu, both of which mean ‘mark on the skin’. It first popped up in English in the late 18th century after Captain Cook returned to England from Tahiti, where he had seen people with lots of tattoos.
5. Safari
The Arabic word for ‘journey’ or ‘expedition’ is safar, and this is the origin of the word ‘safari’. The word travelled from Arabic into Swahili, and then on into English in the mid 19th century. It’s now used in English to talk about a journey into the wild to see animals in their natural environments.
6. Hooch
‘Hooch’ is a slang word for alcohol in English, especially strong alcohol which is brewed illegally at home. It’s a shortened form of Hoochinoo, which was the name of an indigenous Alaskan group who made liquor. This so-called hooch (which was apparently pretty nasty tasting) became popular with miners during the 1898 Klondike gold rush and the word has remained in English since.
7. Barbarian
This word comes from Ancient Greek; originally barbaros, it was used to talk about anyone who didn’t speak Greek. This is because the sounds made by foreigners sounded like ‘ba-ba-ba’ to Greek ears. Its negative meaning was added by the Romans, who called any foreigners who didn’t follow Roman traditions ‘barbarians’.
8. Berserk
Quite a few words in English also come from the Viking language of Old Norse. ‘Berserk’ is one of these words. It is used in modern English to mean ‘furiously violent or angry’. It’s probably from the Norse words ber ‘bear’ and serkr ‘shirt’, literally ‘a warrior clothed in bearskin’.
Which words in your language do you think share etymological roots with English ones?
Choose a new language and start learning today with Lingoda. Sign up for your free 7-day trial and you can learn English, German, Spanish or French! | https://blog.lingoda.com/en/what-is-etymology-and-why-is-it-important/ |
Dr. Layan Zhang, M.D. is a Board Certified Psychiatrist with more than 15 years of experience. Her practice focuses on diagnosing, consulting, and treating children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of psychiatric disorders and mental health challenges. She specializes in treating depression, anxiety, ADHD, Autism, Bipolar Disorder, ODD, PTSD, behavioral issues and psychotic disorders. She utilizes a combination of psychoeducation and medication management, and other evidence-based treatment approaches.
In addition to providing Psychiatric Services at Columbia Counseling Center, Dr. Zhang currently works part time as a child and adolescent psychiatrist at the John L. Gildner Regional Institute for Children and Adolescents in Rockville Maryland. In addition, Dr. Zhang provides psychiatric consultation at Sheppard Pratt Hospital inpatient services.
Dr. Zhang completed her four-year adult psychiatry residency at Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital, Washington D.C. Department of Behavioral Health where she served as a chief resident. Subsequently, she has completed a two-year Fellowship training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Children’s National Health System, George Washington University in Washington DC.
Dr. Zhang received her Medical Degree from Shanxi Medical University in 2003 and earned her Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology from Xiangya Medical School of Central South University in China in 2006. She also worked as a research assistant in the Psychiatry Department of University of Michigan. Dr. Zhang has published peer reviewed articles in major psychiatric and neuroscience journals, on the topics of depression screening in the primary care setting, working memory in older adults and seasonality research on Amish people. She is a member of American Psychiatric Association and American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Dr. Zhang is fluent in English and Chinese. Her awareness of the differences in language and culture makes her accessible to patients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. | https://www.counselingmaryland.com/about/our-team/dr-layan-zhang-m-d/ |
Return to: Graduate Programs
The Master of Science in Biotechnology program in the College of Medicine will prepare students to function in the industrial biotechnology environment. This program is designed to give students broad knowledge and training in the scientific and practical aspects of biotechnology.
It involves innovative, hands-on and multidisciplinary learning approaches to educate and train students in scientific aspects of biotechnology. The courses and research training required of all students in this program are designed to develop independent thinking, teamwork and communication skills, which are highly desirable in the biotechnology industry. Students will be provided an industrial perspective and an understanding of product development at the same time as they are trained in the biotechnology techniques required for such development.
The Master of Science in Biotechnology program consists of a minimum of 30 semester credit hours of graduate courses offered by the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences in the College of Medicine that includes 21 credit hours minimum of required courses, 3 credits of restricted electives, and 6 credit hours of thesis research as detailed below.
Total Credit Hours Required: 30 Credit Hours Minimum beyond the Bachelor’s Degree
What makes this program unique is the focus on practical training offered to graduate students through master’s thesis research in molecular biotechnology to perform jobs in a laboratory environment that require scientific talent.
Students must take the following courses plus at least two credit hours of graduate seminar.
Students will participate in at least two graduate seminar courses that will prepare them for making professional presentations with an emphasis in biotechnology. The courses will involve the participation of speakers from the biotechnology industry with emphasis on an industrial perspective on biotechnology applications and product development.
OR
Students will select three credit hours of restricted electives from the list below.
Students will take a minimum of six credits of thesis research (MCB 6971) to complete their research and submit their thesis specializing in biotechnology research. Students are expected to have an in-depth discussion with at least three faculty members before choosing a laboratory for thesis research. The student and the Thesis Adviser/Major Professor will jointly recommend an advisory committee comprised of at least three members. The committee composition must reflect expertise relevant to the student’s thesis research and must be approved by the Graduate Committee. Students switching to change the composition of the Thesis Advisory Committee must also obtain approval from the Graduate Committee.
The thesis proposal defense requirement should be met and passed successfully no later than the end of the summer of the first year in the program. Students will not be allowed to register for courses for the Fall semester of their second year until this requirement is fulfilled. The Thesis Proposal requirement includes: a written 5-page thesis proposal, a thesis proposal defense in front of the thesis committee, and questions by the thesis committee to test the student’s understanding of the basic concepts in the field and relevant applications. The student will be evaluated on performance in all three sections. Should the student fail, a second opportunity will be provided within 2 weeks of the first attempt. A second failure will result in dismissal from the program.
An oral thesis defense is required. The defense will be in the format of:
The thesis should be of significant scope and depth such that the work has made advances in the area of biotechnology. The MS thesis research must generate sufficient quantity and quality data to support the submission of a minimum of one manuscript. Approval of the final thesis will require consent from the majority of the Program Faculty who choose to review the thesis, inclusive of the Thesis Advisory Committee. Faculty members with dissenting vote on the thesis must provide written justification. Scientific journal review criteria will be used as guidelines by the faculty to evaluate the final thesis for its appropriateness for publication in the target journal.
Students will be evaluated on the progress in thesis research by the thesis advisory committee for fall and spring. Two consecutive unsatisfactory evaluations will result in dismissal from the program.
Students must pass a comprehensive exam to qualify for the Master of Science degree.
Students must successfully pass an oral comprehensive examination to test the understanding of the basic concepts in the field and relevant applications. The Comprehensive Examination will be conducted during the thesis proposal defense. The exam will be administered by the thesis committee. Should the student fail this exam, a second opportunity will be provided within 2 weeks of the first attempt. A second failure will result in dismissal from the program.
The required thesis allows the student to engage in independent learning.
For information on general UCF graduate admissions requirements that apply to all prospective students, please visit the Admissions section of the Graduate Catalog. Applicants must apply online. All requested materials must be submitted by the established deadline.
In addition to the general UCF graduate application requirements , applicants to this program must provide:
Personal interviews are helpful but not required. Applicants who do not have a competitive GPA or GRE may occasionally be accepted if there is other convincing evidence of potential for high achievement and success.
Applicants who hold a BS degree in unrelated fields are expected to have the equivalent of 16 semester hours in biological sciences including a course in general microbiology, biochemistry or molecular biology or cell biology, plus one year of organic chemistry, one year of physics, basic university mathematics and statistics, and laboratory skills equivalent to the minimum required of our own undergraduates. Minor deficiencies may be remedied after acceptance by enrollment at the first opportunity in an appropriate course.
The Fall 2021 Application Deadline Has Been Extented to Feburary 1, 2021.
*Applicants who plan to enroll full time in a degree program and who wish to be considered for university fellowships or assistantships should apply by the Fall Priority date.
Graduate students may receive financial assistance through fellowships, assistantships, tuition support, or loans. For more information, see the College of Graduate Studies Funding website, which describes the types of financial assistance available at UCF and provides general guidance in planning your graduate finances. The Financial Information section of the Graduate Catalog is another key resource.
All students receiving assistantships must enroll full time.
Fellowships are awarded based on academic merit to highly qualified students. They are paid to students through the Office of Student Financial Assistance, based on instructions provided by the College of Graduate Studies. Fellowships are given to support a student’s graduate study and do not have a work obligation. For more information, see UCF Graduate Fellowships, which includes descriptions of university fellowships and what you should do to be considered for a fellowship. | https://catalog.ucf.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=17&poid=7841&returnto=1478 |
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Killan Structural Ltd is a specialist structural repair contractor established in 1985. We are not general builders and our expertise covers structural repairs to the fabric of all types of building: domestic, commercial, industrial & heritage.
We routinely undertake the following works:
- Restraint Strap Systems
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Our objective is to maintain consistently high standards and thereby continue to develop our reputation as a highly skilled, reliable and trustworthy contractor.
Regular client base includes structural engineers, surveyors & loss adjusters throughout Greater Manchester, Sale , Rochdale, Oldham, Bury, Hebden Bridge, Altrincham, Stockport and Saddleworth.
We have considerable experience with insurance related repairs and operate as a specialist sub-contractor for a number of prominent loss adjusters either directly or via consulting structural engineers. | https://www.killan.co.uk/index.html |
Coconino County ends mask mandate effective June 1
Aundrea Janikowski sits still for her first dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine administered by advanced practice registered nurse Todd Marlowe at a pop-up clinic outside the Coconino County Superior Court building in downtown Flagstaff in late April.
As of June 1, residents will no longer be required to don masks within Coconino County, whether they are inside or not.
The news comes after the Coconino County Board of Supervisors unanimously voted to rescind the county’s mask mandate during their regular Tuesday meeting.
The county’s mandate that members of the public wear masks indoors or if social distancing is not possible has been in place since June of last year.
The rule change impacts only unincorporated areas of the county. Any mask mandates passed by cities, towns and tribal governments may still be enforced.
Likewise, private businesses still have the ability to require masks on their premises. And the county continues to encourage residents who are not vaccinated to wear masks when indoors.
County Manager Steve Peru told the board during the Tuesday meeting that the change comes as guidance from the Centers for Disease Control regarding the wearing of masks has also changed in recent weeks.
“Coconino County has always followed CDC guidance. There’s a lot that goes into formalizing the guidance at that level. Science and experts in the field have provided important guidance throughout the pandemic, and so when the change was recently made regarding mask requirements, I think we will all admit we were a little taken aback by the change in direction so quickly,” Peru said. “But at the same time, as we have always done from the very beginning, we are following CDC guidelines.”
Coconino County Health and Human Services Director Kim Musselman said that despite the change, the county supported residents who might personally decide to continue wearing a mask. Musselman said come the cold and flu season, she, too, may decide to again start wearing a mask more regularly.
In a statement, Musselman also pointed to recent trends in the number of COVID-19 cases as a reason to rescind the mask mandate.
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“COVID-19 cases have fallen to the lowest numbers since the beginning of the pandemic, the vaccine is readily available, and our vaccination rates rise daily,” Musselman said.
Still, Peru said while the end of the mask mandate marks a milestone for the county, he cautioned that the county will continue its efforts to address the pandemic and is committed to public health.
Peru said he wanted to reassure the professionals who have been in the fight against COVID19 for over a year that the county was still very much in the game.
“The public health emergency continues and that’s an important piece to say. We’re not saying that the public health declaration is over, were just saying we're [entering a new phase] as a result of guidance and numbers,” Peru said.
Coconino County will no longer require vaccinated individuals to wear a mask in county buildings beginning June 1.
The board also discussed entering into Phase 3 of the county’s reentry plan. It appears it will be moving through Phase 3 throughout June.
The county in moving to that stage will begin to reopen buildings to the public, and it will begin the process of transitioning employees back to working in offices.
County buildings could then fully reopen by July 1.
For county employees, the wearing of masks will be optional but encouraged.
Coconino County Health and Human Services recommends that all eligible individuals receive their COVID-19 vaccine. For information on testing and vaccination locations in Coconino County, visit coconino.az.gov/covid19vaccine.
Adrian Skabelund can be reached by phone at (928) 556-2261, by email at [email protected] or on Twitter at @AdrianSkabelund. | |
Store Fired Worker with Diabetes for Eating Chips to Stop Hypoglycemia Attack, Federal Agency Charges
SAN FRANCISCO — Drugstore giant Walgreens violated federal law by firing a worker with diabetes instead of accommodating her, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission charged in a lawsuit filed today under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA).
According to the EEOC, Josefina Hernandez, a cashier at Walgreens’ South San Francisco store, was on duty when she opened a $1.39 bag of chips because she was suffering from an attack of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Hernandez had worked for Walgreens for almost 18 years with no disciplinary record, and Walgreens knew of her diabetes. Nevertheless, Walgreens fired her after being informed that Hernandez had eaten the chips because her blood sugar was low, even though she paid for the chips when she came off cashier duty.
“I almost always carry a piece of candy in my pocket for situations when I feel my blood sugar getting low, but I didn’t have anything on me this time,” said Hernandez. “I knew I needed to do something quickly, so I reached for a bag of chips and paid for them as soon as I could. I worked for Walgreens with no problems almost two decades, so I am very upset to lose my job over this.”
The ADA prohibits disability discrimination and requires employers to make reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities. The EEOC filed the lawsuit (EEOC v. Walgreen Co., Case No. CV11-4470-JSC) in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, after first attempting to reach a voluntary settlement. The suit seeks monetary damages, including back pay, compensation for emotional distress and punitive damages, as well as measures to prevent future discrimination by the employer.
EEOC San Francisco Regional Attorney William R. Tamayo said, “Employers clearly have an affirmative duty to accommodate employees with disabilities. Ms. Hernandez took action to raise her blood sugar in what could have turned into an emergency situation. Accommodating disability does not have to be expensive, but it may require an employer to be flexible and open-minded. One wonders whether a long-term, experienced employee is worth less than a bag of chips to Walgreens.”
EEOC San Francisco District Director Michael Baldonado noted, “This year theAmerican Diabetes Association reports that 25.8 million children and adults in the United States – or 8.3 percent of the population – have diabetes. Among Mexican-Americans like Ms. Hernandez, 13.3 percent of adults have diabetes. Under the newly amended disability law, savvy employers should focus on training their staff to understand how and when to accommodate employees with disabilities.”
Walgreens (NYSE:WAG) is based outside Chicago in Deerfield, Ill., and has more than 8,000 stores in the United States and its territories. According to its June 21, 2011 financial report, Walgreens’ net earnings for the nine months ending May 31, 2011 totaled $1,922,000,000.
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov. | https://www.pharmacistswithdisabilities.org/2011/09/walgreens-sued-by-eeoc-for-disability.html |
A Pale View of Hills is the first novel, written by a prominent English-speaking author, Kazuo Ishiguro. In this book, the novelist explores various themes, and this book can be analyzed from various perspectives, for example, the relationships between family members, the sense of alienation, the hardships, which many immigrants have to undergo. However, it seems that the most prominent motif is such an issue as the loss of culture and the dangers that it entails, namely, a permanent feeling of guilt and the rupture of family ties.
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Kazuo Ishiguro uses various means to render this idea to the reader, particularly; we should speak about the form of narration, juxtaposition of private and public memory. Moreover, he compares and contrasts the main characters, making them almost identical sometimes. Ishiguro is very unwilling to assess the behavior of people, whom he describes; his ideas are conveyed mostly through plot development, and the inner voice of Etsuko, the storyteller.
To throw light on this question, we should primarily focus on the main protagonist, Etsuko, and her daughters, Keiko and Niki. Ishiguro constantly draws parallels between them, and we can get a better understanding of these characters only through comparison. The narrator, Etsuko, tries to overcome her feeling of loneliness and guilt, which seem to take full control of her inner world. Yet, the most interesting feature is that this is never explicitly stated by the author, he never actually openly expresses his own views on this woman and her conduct. The reader looks at the world chiefly through the eyes of Etsuko, the narrator, who is deliberately trying to suppress some of her memories, and this is strongly connected with the feeling of her remorse.
To substantiate this argument, we should first refer to the opening chapter of the novel. At the very beginning, Etsuko and Niki are having a conversation with each other. This conversation takes place after Keikos suicide. The daughter tries to induce her mother to give vent to the emotions which devour her, but Etsuko makes only very non-committal remarks about her childs death. At first glance, there seems to be nothing abnormal in her reluctance to speak because there is hardly anyone who likes to remember such tragedy, but sometimes Etsukos narration begins to sound as though she does not even remember that her daughter has killed herself or at least she has absolutely nothing to do with it.
In this respect, we should pay special attention to her words “I have no wish to dwell on Keiko now, it brings me little comfort” (Ishiguro, p 3). These words are not addressed to the protagonists daughter, on the contrary, they are meant for readers or for herself.
This device produces an impression as if she is trying to vindicate herself or at least shield herself from some painful experience. Naturally, it is quite understandable, but occasionally, it seems that Etsuko is firmly convinced of her rectitude and she has nothing to do with Keikos demise. Her narration resembles some kind of dispute. Occasionally, it appears that the mother has almost convinced herself that she is entirely innocent of her daughters suicide but with time passing the sense of guilt comes back again.
This detail has always attracted many scholars; in her research article, Cynthia Wong argues that such conduct can be called “the shame of memory” (Wong, p 129). To some extent, it means that Etsuko attempts to force some events out of her mind but they reemerge over and over again. This is happening mostly due to her associations because the protagonist always sees her reflection in other people.
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The main reason why Etsuko is filled with the feeling of remorse is the death of her daughter Keiko. In some way, her mother has contributed to this tragic outcome. At this point, we need to discuss the underlying cause of Keikos suicide. It should be borne in mind that this family moved to England after World War II, and in fact, it was mostly Etsukos intention.
She is perfectly aware that by leaving Japan, she will abandon not only her husband or her own country, but she would also create intolerable conditions for her daughter, who may not be able to adjust herself to a new lifestyle. The main character left Japan because she fell in love with a British officer, and at that moment she was not very much involved with the well-being of her daughter. Deep in their heart, Etsuko cannot deny that she has been selfish but she does her utmost not to think about it.
There is another peculiar feature, which is closely connected with the motif of guilt. In particular, we should analyze the voice of the narrator in this novel. Ishiguro marks out two dimensions: public memory and private history. According to James Lang, this combination can be observed virtually in all novels of the author. While telling the story, Etsuko always refers to historic accounts, trying to forget her own impressions and feelings (Lang, p 143).
The protagonist often thinks about post-war Japan, the nuclear explosion, immigration, and in this way, she wants to explain the death of her daughter. These memories give us insights into Etsukos inner world but they only partially acquit her of her daughters death. The main character wishes to know whether she is the main cause of Keikos demise. She did not expect that the child would like to live in England, or in any western country because her worldview has already been formed, Keiko is very afraid of leaving Japan.
Nonetheless, her mother is adamant about her desire to move to a different state. Speaking about her inner dialogue, we may say that the mother wants to acquit herself, for example, he says “My motives for leaving Japan were justifiable and I know I always kept Keikos interests in mind” (Ishiguro, p 83). It can be observed that she convinces herself that this calamity was not her fault. Cynthia Wong maintains that this is a typical instance of self-deception, quite widespread among people, who attempt to prove to themselves that they are not to blame (Wong, p 131).
As a matter of fact, Etsukos narration very often reminds them of internal struggle that will last until she openly acknowledges her mistakes. The storyteller attempts to bury her private memory in collective history. Her major argument is that she did what was best for her children because life in the then Japanese society was not unendurable. But at the same time, she admits that the main reason for the departure was her love for a British officer.
There is only one inevitable conclusion: to some extent, her selfishness killed Keiko. However, her mother wants to evade it, she disguises her guilt under the description of historic events and sufferings of other people. James Lang argues that this is one of the most noticeable stylistic devices in the novel. Etsukos narration is primarily based on the juxtaposition of private and public memory.
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Again, we have to stress the fact that this conflict is motivated by the feeling of guilt and loss of culture. Certainly, we cannot state that Keikos death is only her mothers fault, she could not even imagine all the consequences of her decision, but the protagonist could avert it at a certain moment but she did not do it. This is why she is anxious to lose her own memories in collective accounts. She replaces her own emotions with those of many other Japanese, who had to live through similar hardships, and she falls into blissful oblivion, this state of mind is most comfortable for her, since it allows her not to dwell on Keiko.
Additionally, we must not forget that occasionally Kazuo Ishiguro compares, Niki and Keiko, he shows how different persons can succeed or fail in the new environment. The elder daughter always shuts herself in her room as if in a shell, whereas her sibling is much more sociable and flexible. In this regard, it should be mentioned that Keiko was “pure Japanese”, she was borne in the land of her ancestors and thus it was much more difficult for her to recover herself after departure (Kazuo Ishiguro, p 9).
Although Etsuko is so eager to delude herself, she cannot suppress this feeling, mostly because she associates oneself with another woman who also imperiled the well-being of her daughter. For instance, Sachikos story is very much analogous to her own. Moreover, her daughter, Mariko, experiences virtually the same difficulties; she is also estranged from other people and prefers solitude to the company of her friends. Her mother does not even care to think about her daughter’s needs. Unlike, Etsuko, this woman is entirely devoid of any sense of pity. The author wants to emphasize the idea that a person, who has any idea about such notions as morality or immorality, can hardly expect to purge his or her memory of such feeling as compunction. The only possible way is to acknowledge it and take some steps to amend the situation.
He finds a very interesting way to compare them: when they narrate their stories, we may see a very striking resemblance between them, not only in terms of the events that they describe but also from stylistic point of view. Sometimes, it is hardly possible to draw a distinct line between these two narratives. In this manner, Ishiguro tells us that these women are very much alike. Cynthia Wong maintains that the comparison of two women describes a cognitive process during which a person recovers his or her own identity.
Etsuko is so intent to erase her faults out of her consciousness, therefore the protagonist tries merge with the crowd, become part of something bigger than she. But her acquaintance, Sachiko is just her replica, and she never lets the protagonist to feel free. After Keikos suicide she immediately remembers this woman, who has also treated her child in a careless way. Cynthia Wong says that this duplication of characters reappears in many novels of Kazuo Ishiguro but in A Pail View of Hills, it is very strongly marked. Etsuko understands that other people will always remind her of her mistakes.
This is the main reason why Etsuko cannot forget her past. To some degree, Sachiko is just her reflection in the mirror. The novelist warns us against suppressing our past, because sooner or later it will enslave us. The main character is so eager to escape from it that eventually she becomes entrapped. Instead of helping her daughter Niki, she prefers to be reticent or shut herself from the rest of the world. Naturally, we should not presume that all these misfortunes are caused only by the loss of culture, in part they are connected with personal qualities. However, anyone, who has broken bonds with his or her own country and its traditions, is very likely to have serious emotional problems, as Etsuko and Keiko.
With the reference to the loss of culture and Keikos suicide, we should also speak about the adverse people who surround the family. The author makes it quite clear that they live in a very lonely place, and others do not want to communicate with them. After the war, Japanese immigrants found it very difficult to live in Europe or in America, because westerners were looking at them with uncertainty or even apprehension. This is due to some stenotypes, deep-rooted in Western society.
The author does not accuse any one but he draws an example of such stereotype, for instance, Etsuko says “The English are ford of the idea that our race has an instinct for suicide as if further explanations are unnecessary” (Ishiguro, p 14). In his article, James Lang argues that in some degree, this book indicts European or American way of thinking, because we are inclined to judge a person only by his or her appearance (Lang, 140). This theme has never been a dominant one in Ishiguros novels but in this work, the author tries to dispel some myths about Japanese people and their culture.
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It should be taken into consideration that Kazuo Ishiguro does not actually believe that such theme as the loss of cultural heritage is the most important aspect of his works; he even says “I always feel that Japaneseness was a superficial part of my writing” (Lewis, p 23). But we can notice this theme is quite traceable throughout this text. It can be observed in the relationships between Etsuko and her daughter Niki. In order to prove this point, we should first refer to the article by Ruth Forsythe, who examines the nature of family ties in the novel. The scholar believes that people from Asian countries are very likely to change their attitude to the family especially if they are living in Western societies (Forsythe, p 100).
From the outset, the author makes it very clear that the mother and daughter do not see much of each other. But the most striking detail is that Niki could not even find time to come to her sisters funeral. She cannot even remember her appearance, which is certainly unacceptable in any culture or community (Forsythe, p 103). Ruth Forsythe believes that such thing is unspeakable for Japanese society and the mother is quite aware of the fact that her family is falling apart.
Etsuko wants to turn a blind eye to this fact but she understands that Niki and she no longer have any devotion to one another. Nonetheless, she knows that without her she is almost bound to go insane. Niki is arguably the only person, who links her to the present and even now she is disinclined to stay with her mother. There relationships are more formal; the daughter visits Etsuko only because she is obliged to but not because she really wants to do it.
Therefore, it is quite possible for us to arrive at the conclusion that in this novel Kazuo Ishiguro mostly explores the loss of ones cultural identity and its adverse consequences, in particular, the feeling of guilt and weakening of family ties. He demonstrates it by various means and special emphasis is placed upon Etsukos inner dialogue, her desire to forget some of her past actions and inability to do it. The writer illustrates how she tries to deceive herself and the futility of these efforts. He intends to show us how difficult it is for people to get used to new cultural environment, this idea is expressed through such characters as Keiko and Mariko.
Apart from that Kazuo Ishiguro employs parallelism comparing Etsuko and Sachiko. He shows that haunting memories of the past, may be deep-rooted in a persons consciousness and it is impossible to eradicate them. With the reference to this aspect, he intends to prove that the adaptation to a new culture sometimes breaks the bonds existing between family members. This work is important to the extent that it laid foundations of his writing manner and many of his later works are reminiscent to this one.
Bibliography
Barry Lewis. “Kazuo Ishiguro”. Manchester University Press, 2000.
Cynthia F. Wong. “The Shame of Memory: Blanchot’s Self-Dispossession in Ishiguro’s ‘A Pale View of Hills” CLIO, (24), 2, 1995, pp 127-235.
James M. Lang. “Private History: Kazuo Ishiguro’s the Remains of the Day”. CLIO, (29), 2, 2000, pp 143-150.
Kazuo Ishiguro. “A pale view of hills”. Paperback, 1982.
Kazuo Ishiguro, Brian W. Shaffer, Cynthia F. Wong. “Conversations with Kazuo Ishiguro”. University Press of Mississippi, 2008.
Ruth Forsythe. “Cultural Displacement and the Mother-Daughter Relationship in Kazuo Ishiguro’s A Pale View of Hills”. West Virginia University Philological Papers, 52, 2005, pp 99-110. | https://studycorgi.com/a-pale-view-of-hills-by-kazuo-ishiguro-research-paper/ |
· ORIGIN ·
Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? These three questions are probably three of the greatest questions we have asked ourselves since the beginning of humanity and give name to french artist Paul Gauguin ́s painting (above).
Do we come from the ocean? Did a greatest being create us? Was there a beginning at all? What ́s our destiny? We certainly don ́t know the answer to this questions, but have spent hours imagining what it might or not be.
At the beginning of the year, we asked 4 artist from 4 differen countries to interpretate this questions based on their own beliefs and imagination and the result is the following collection. A series of unique limited edition boards which pretend not just to allow you to feel what just surfing can, but to make you think about life and its bounda
HANDS FOR FEET
Alastir Knowles Lenoir (AKA handsforfeet) is an illustrator and sign painter from the UK. Using heavy bold lines and bright colours, he makes work inspired mostly by nature and social observations.
He tries to make fun images whilst still maintaining a deeper meaning to each piece, whether it be fun or more serious.
His body is landlocked yet his mind is always near the sea, place where he takes much of the inspiration from.
MARCOS NAVARRO
Marcos Navarro is an illustrator from Barcelona now based in San Sebastian. In his work urban art and the influence of Barcelona’s subcultures converge harmoniously with the natural world and the way we relate to it. His art reflects the crucial times we are living as a civilization using animals and plants as bearers of truth.
Sinde he moved to the Basque Country, the sea has become his meditation spot and the waves an inspiration source.
OR KANTOR
Or Kantor is a tattoo and visual artist from Tel Aviv, Israel. His work takes us on a journey through the Middle-Eastern mythology and history. Animals, fantastic creatures and abstract forms represent emotions and explain stories from the past and the present. His passion for surfing and the Maditerranean sea os deeply connected to his work and his life turns around it. Nowadays Or explores different ways of expression such as tattoos, paintings or surfboard shapes.
SICK FACES
Portuguese-based artist Luis da Silva’s inspiration lies in the natural environment surrounding hi,. cultural elements of the 60’s and surf culture of his home country. Always with the sun and ocean on his mind, he enables a merge of meticulous and introspective work delivered through psicodelia motifs and geometric shapes. Taking the viewer to another world, close to his own: one filled with melancholia, nostalgia and happiness; he delivers a classic Portuguese view of it to his audience. | https://yowsurf.com/artist-series/ |
Potatoes are one of the most nutritious foods you can eat. They have fewer calories than a grapefruit, more potassium than a banana and more usable iron than any other vegetable. They are also high in fiber, rich in vitamins and minerals and contain no fat or cholesterol.
Potassium is a mineral that is in every cell in the body. Potassium has been shown to reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. A deficiency in the mineral can make a person feel weak or fatigued.
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that neutralizes pollutants in the body, helps to prevent cell damage and produces the collagen which makes healthy cartilage, joints, skin and blood vessels.
Fiber benefits the digestive system and helps to increase the feeling of fullness between meals. A diet rich in fiber is helpful in relieving constipation and helps to prevent breast and colon cancer, diabetes and obesity.
Iron is a mineral that is essential for an energetic body, a sharp mind and a strong immune system. Iron helps blood and muscles supply oxygen to the body. A diet rich in iron can prevent anemia which can cause ulcers and stomach or colon cancer. | https://www.oregonspuds.com/powerful-potato/a-potato-a-day |
Summary of Duties:
This position is responsible for directing the multi-media news operation and activities of Northwest Public Broadcasting. Responsible for the daily news and public affairs content and overall news product, including: assigning and editing reporters' stories and interviews; preparing and presenting reports, interviews, copy and program information on-air reporting; supervising full-time and part-time multimedia reporters, freelancers and student news interns. Writing, creating, and distributing original news stories on multiple platforms. Responsible for ensuring the local and regional journalistic integrity of Northwest Public Broadcasting reporting including completeness accuracy, fairness and balance. Incumbent is responsible for maintaining the audience appeal of all news presentations including adherence to high production values, and coaching reporters and student interns. Position duties and responsibilities will be performed in support of college vision, mission and values as well as institutional mission and goals.
Required Qualifications:
Positions require a Bachelor’s degree in broadcasting, mass communications or closely related field and two (2) years broadcasting experience including producing/directing/editing/videography experience. Any combination of relevant education and experience may be substituted for the educational requirement on a year-for-year basis.
Posting Open Date: 03/21/2017
Posting Close Date: 4/24/2017
Open Until Filled: No
To apply, visit https://www.wsujobs.com/postings/31141
Washington State University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Educator and Employer. | https://careers.insidehighered.com/job/1360747/multi-platform-news-manager/ |
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project, (SERAP) has urged President Muhammadu Buhari to “urgently refer the allegations of mismanagement of $16 billion power projects between 1999 and 2007 to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) for further investigation, and if there is relevant and sufficient admissible evidence, for anyone suspected to be involved to face prosecution.”
“We welcome the focus by President Buhari on the massive allegations of corruption and mismanagement in the power sector and urge him to expand his searchlight beyond the Obasanjo government by ensuring accountability and full recovery of the over N11 trillion squandered by the three administrations, said its executive director Adetokunbo Mumuni.
It is only by pursuing all the allegations and taking the evidence before the court that the truth will be revealed and justice best served. This is the only way to conclusively address the systemic corruption in the power sector and an entrenched culture of impunity of perpetrators.”
“Addressing impunity in the power sector should be total. This would help improve the integrity of government and public confidence and trust in their government. It would also serve as a vehicle to further the public’s perception of fairness and thoroughness, and to avert any appearance of political considerations in the whole exercise.”
The organization also urged Buhari to “refer to the EFCC and ICPC not just allegations regarding the $16 billion power projects but also the alleged squandering of over N11 trillion meant to provide regular electricity supply covering the governments of former presidents Olusegun Obasanjo, Umaru Musa Yar‘Adua and Goodluck Jonathan.”
Buhari had on Tuesday accused Obasanjo of spending $16bn on power projects during his tenure as the President without corresponding power supply to Nigerians. But responding, Obasanjo said the President’s allegation was rooted in ignorance, claiming he was already cleared of any wrongdoing concerning the power sector by the National Assembly, and referring Buhari to his autobiography, My Watch, which he said reproduced various reports on the matter. | https://persecondnews.com/2018/05/23/16bn-power-projects-serap-asks-buhari-to-refer-obj-jonathan-to-efcc-icpc/ |
With debates on the concept of exceptionalism in full swing in the U.S. and abroad, Russian and foreign experts discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Is American exceptionalism a danger or a boon? Photo: Reuters
The recent discussions over U.S. military intervention in Syria, combined with Russian President Vladimir Putin’s op-ed column for the New York Times, in which he downplays America’s special role to play in the world, have fueled new debates on the concept of American exceptionalism. The term has recently been in the spotlight among U.S. and Russian academics, journalists and experts.
“America is not the world’s policeman,” Obama said in his televised speech on Syria. “Terrible things happen across the globe, and it is beyond our means to right every wrong. But when, with modest effort and risk, we can stop children from being gassed to death, and thereby make our own children safer over the long run, I believe we should act. … That’s what makes America different. That’s what makes us exceptional.”
And it’s not just leading politicians who grapple with the full meaning of this term. The term also appears in popular culture. The Newsroom series (which is also well-known in Russia) raises this problem and shows clearly and vividly how it influences the U.S. When asked by a student in a conference room what makes America the world’s greatest country, TV news anchor Will McAvoy - Jeff Daniels’s character – makes no bones about criticizing the U.S. for its exceptionalism.
“It's not the greatest country in the world,” he exclaims pointing out all the disadvantages and problems facing the U.S. “We sure used to be. We stood up for what was right! We fought for moral reasons; we passed and struck down laws for moral reasons. We waged wars on poverty, not poor people. ... The first step in solving any problem is recognizing there is one — America is not the greatest country in the world anymore.”
However, at least 73 percent of Americans, including Republicans and Democrats, still believe that the U.S is an exceptional country “because of its history and Constitution that sets it apart from other nations as the greatest in the world,” according to a Gallup public opinion poll conducted in December 2010.
A 2011 Pew Research Survey echoes this trend: 48 percent of the respondents said that the U. S. was the greatest country in the world and another 42 percent believed that America was one of the greatest countries. Only 8 percent said the U.S. was not a great country.
With debates on the concept of exceptionalism in full swing in the U.S. and abroad, Russia Direct interviewed Russian and foreign experts about what they think about exceptionalism. Is it really dangerous for a multi-polar word? What advantages and disadvantages does it have? And where is the line – if any - between nationalism and exceptionalism?
Mikhail Troitskiy, associate professor at Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University)
I do not think that American exceptionalism as it is understood in the United States or at least among U.S. policy making community presents a danger to the world. I believe in the hegemonic stability theory: it is important that there should be an exceptional power in the world that would make sure that some very basic rules of the games in the international community are observed. For example, it is important to combat piracy in the Gulf of Aden or international terrorism in AfPak. And I think it requires an exceptionally powerful international leader who can take care of those challenges.
I don’t see why we should see exceptionalism as something negative. Anything that deserves to be called exceptional and has no parallel in the world history is not necessarily negative, of course, excluding Nazism or other genocidal ideologies that are negatively exceptional by their nature. But there is also exceptional success that you can find in the world history.
So is, for example, the U.S. success story of being able to build a government by the people and for the people and even, more importantly, to face a number of historic transformational challenges that many other nations have failed. This can indeed be called exceptional as well as the current U.S. preponderance in terms of military power and economic potential. Or take the American dream, the openness of the United States to the outside world, the American soft power: it creates a global appeal – all this does make the U.S. exceptional and this is something you probably will not mind having in any other country.
The benefit of the exceptionalist appeal is that you can attract the brightest minds from the rest of the world, and the U.S. has been able to accomplish it. And those people are attracted to the United States because they believe they can find exceptional opportunities there. Also, if you are exceptional, other countries will think twice before standing up to you.
Exceptional values can indeed produce the bandwagon effect. At the same time an exceptional power has to deliver on its promise, be credible, and take the global responsibility. This is something many U.S. policy makers might not realize to the full extent: the United States has to show leadership on the world scale and has to demonstrate that it is true to its ideals of exceptional history, foreign policy, and culture.
Exceptionalism has to do with universal values and messages unlike nationalism – a parochial and narrow-minded ideology which justifies why you put your interest first even if it involves disregard for others' interests. You are only exceptional on the international stage if you are able to show why you are attractive, why your history is something that can be repeated in other places, and your experience can be useful for other countries. Exceptional messages can be well-received in any country because they are universal.
President Barack Obama and the new geopolitical reality. Photo: AP
Zulfiqar Shah, Pakistan-born analyst, affiliated research scholar with the Central Department of Political Science, Tribhuvan University, Nepal and IASE University, India
Exceptionalism is not an ideology. It is an aspect of the art of statehood, related to regional and global political behavior. It can be both – positive and negative. In some cases, it has proved positive; meanwhile, in others, it has been negative. Therefore, it needs to be examined what impact is being made by a certain exceptionalist tilt or behavior.
The concept of exceptionalism cannot be detached from statecraft, as it is an integral part of state building since the state itself is a social organism. This exceptionalism has two aspects: whenever exceptionalism has transformed into exceptionalist-antagonism, wars have dominated the world stage. Alternatively, whenever nation-states have given space to develop exceptionalist-interdependency, economic prosperity has further strengthened international security.
If this is seen in the multi-polar world, the world has not yet given a chance to exceptionalist-interdependency at the global level. It has only opted for this at the regional level. The successful examples of this are the models for the European Union, Commonwealth of Central Asian States, and ASEAN. In global politics, this phenomenon was only seen after the Second World War, when the League of Nations was founded as a predecessor to the United Nations.
The contemporary realities require that a Global Order should replace the New World Order. This replacement should only be attained by turning American, Russian, Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Britain, Canadian and French exceptionalism into an exceptional-interdependency in order to create a Global Order.
This can only be attained through giving space to each other’s interests in a manner that the interests in broader terms are not antagonizing to anyone. The most important thing here is that there cannot be any absolute exceptionalism. It means that, by creating an interdependency of interests, there is a fundamental need to correct previous blunders, while creating some commonly agreed and shared values.
The leading nations need to created a commonly agreed ‘exceptionalism’ in their foreign policies to combat religious terrorism, change the chemistry of the state in rogue states, and create new states in the event of failed states if the required degree of reform is impossible (for example, in Afghanistan).
Eduard Ponarin, Ph.D., Director, Laboratory for Comparative Social Research, Higher School of Economics
Being exceptional and unique. Photo: AP
The American idea of exceptionalism derived historically from America's isolation from the Old World and then was reinforced and re-interpreted more recently as the U.S. became the leading power after WWII, and especially after the end of the Cold War.
For better or worse, the status of the only superpower is now ending for the U.S. There are revisionist powers challenging the world order. Under such circumstances, America's insistence on its status means a confrontation with the revisionist powers and it may be dangerous depending on the way the conflict is resolved.
Of course, any power [such as Russia, China, Japan or India] could and did claim it was unique. But rarely, if at all, did they claim the exceptional right to be the sole policeman, judge, and hangman for the whole world. Perhaps, the British Empire, the Mongol Empire, and the Roman Empire at the height of their power might resemble the U.S. in this respect. Russian or any other current exceptionalism is beyond compare with this version of American exceptionalism.
Any great power tends to develop a sense of exceptionalism, although it is a matter of degree. Generally, greater and longer geopolitical success produces more hubris. In the long run, however, hubris hurts the country in question because it tends to lead to unwise decisions, including imperial overextension and loss of allies.
However, the advantage of exceptionalism / hubris is a high prestige factor for the dominant imperial culture, resulting in greater soft power, which allows the achieving of imperial goals without much cost or military force. High prestige of the imperial culture also tends to blur ethnic differences within the empire, turning it into a melting pot.
At the same time, exceptionalism, as I understand it, is typically an attribute of great power nationalism. Minority nationalism does not have this attribute.
Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping. Source: Reuters. Photo: Reuters
Peter Schuck, Simeon E. Baldwin Professor of Law at Yale Law School, and author of a forthcoming book, Why Government Fails So Often, and How It Can Do Better
Exceptionalism can benefit a nation by strengthening its commitment to certain values and encouraging its citizens to be proud of what their society has produced. But, at the same time, it can generate excessive, perhaps dangerous chauvinism, blind people to the true facts about their own society and about others, and obscure the tradeoffs entailed by a commitment to particular values.
The concept of exceptionalism is not dangerous by itself, so long as those who use it remember that nations, like individuals, are exceptional in ways that may be desirable or undesirable.
When it comes to foreign policy, exceptionalism may affect it as well, like in the case of the United States and its concept of “manifest destiny.” Some of our leading politicians – George W. Bush, for example – have invoked the image of the U.S. as having special (exceptional) responsibilities, because of our power and our evangelistic values, for the protection and spread of freedom and democracy.
During earlier times, France’s foreign policies reflected an analogous wish to export its culture. These motives, of course, are usually mixed with other less lofty ones, and it is probably impossible to disentangle them.
If you take nationalism to be both pride in one’s own nation and a desire to advance its interests above those of other nations, and exceptionalism, which is more of an empirical claim about salient differences among different societies, then the two overlap.
It is usually applied to nations, but it could be applied to individuals, families, religions, and other groupings. It could also be used to call attention to negative aspects of a society that are unusual, whereas nationalism is not ordinarily used by its proponents to refer to such criticisms.
Exceptionalism claims do not increase the probability of international conflicts. Indeed, by sensitizing us to the unusual features of other cultures, it may improve our ability to engage with them in positive ways.
Thomas Bender, Professor of History; University Professor of the Humanities, University of California Davis, PhD 1971
If a dozen nations call themselves "exceptional," then the meaning of the term “exceptional” is drained. Exceptional means "against or outside of the norm." There can be unlimited numbers of unique people or nations, but only one that is exceptional.
The problem with exceptionalism is that, being exceptional and outside of the norm, two things come into play. First, as the single exception to the norm, the rest of the world is singular, thus discouraging careful attention to the many differences and nuances within the international system. Second, it means one is not necessarily bound by the norms they belong the rest of the world. This is particularly strong among U.S. neo-conservatives who influenced both Reagan and Bush.
Certainly, it has driven the foreign policy of the U.S. since World War II, and episodically through most of U.S. history. But there are two versions of exceptionalism. One can be identified with John Quincy Adams as Secretary of State and Abraham Lincoln as President: The U.S. can and ought to be an exemplar of republican government. The other is the claim to self-justified action in the world.
I think in the exemplary version, that is the proper understanding of John Winthrop's famous image of "a city on a hill" in 1630 and Lincoln's sense of America living up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence. They are aspirational in a good sense. The other version of exceptionalism has no redeeming qualities.
Where is the fine line between nationalism and exceptionalism? Nationalism may claim superiority, but it acknowledges a world of nations. It may mobilize populations to enter wars, but it does not cancel out the norms of the law of nations the way exceptionalism tends to do. | https://russia-direct.org/debates/american-exceptionalism-curse-or-boon |
You may not have read this beautiful little story before (I urge you to get your hands on a copy if you haven’t). I hadn’t come across it before Sue Brindley chose to read it to us, her final cohort of PGCE students, about a decade ago as part of a session on encouraging students to offer up their interpretations of a text. It has stuck with me ever since and it’s a book that I’ve enjoyed reading with both my boys.
After reading the book, I began our discussion by asking the class to share ideas about what they thought it was a story about. Interpretations ranged from it being about not being selfish to the idea that the midnight cat represented death and that John Brown needed to accept it. Following what proved to be an interesting little conversation about interpretation, I challenged students to tell me what made ‘John Brown, Rose and the Midnight Cat’ a story and what ingredients needed to be included to make something a story.
When sharing their ideas, I wasn’t surprised that the class already have a very good understanding of narrative. After all, we’re natural born story tellers and we’ve been told stories ever since we’ve been born (and even before – I read Dr Seuss to both my bumps…). Our teenagers, even if they don’t write fiction, are telling the story of their life all the time through the medium of Instagram or Snapchat or Facebook. It’s in our blood.
My next step was to draw a crude Narrative Arc on the board and walk through an explanation of each of the key terms: Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action and Denouement. I think it’s essential that students have this foundational knowledge (though they know it implicitly through experience) to enable them to understand the integral purpose of each part of a narrative. Without it, students may write stories that are all exposition and no rising action or, more likely, all rising action and climax.
Students created their own versions of this in their book and we applied examples from ‘John Brown, Rose and the Midnight Cat’ to each part of the Narrative Arc.
I love this moment of rising action in ‘John Brown, Rose and the Midnight Cat’ when John Brown confronts the Midnight Cat.
Unintentionally carrying on the pet dog theme, I then showed students The Present which is a graduation short from the Institute of Animation, Visual Effects and Digital Postproduction at the Filmakademie Baden-Wuerttemberg in Ludwigsburg, Germany (I got the idea of showing it, as part of teaching narrative, from Lindsay Skinner at the PiXL Conference at the beginning of the year). It’s a gorgeous little film and only 3 minutes long.
After watching, students drew a Narrative Arc in their books and identified the bits of the film that matched up e.g. one part of the rising action comes when he throws the dog to the floor in frustration (cue gasps of horror from my year 10s!). What’s really interesting is the depth of discussion that can be had when students feed back what they think constitutes the exposition or where they think the climax is.
Alma (recommended to me by Lyndsey Dyer @RealGingerella – thank you) A jaunty 5 minute short with a great climax. 5 minutes.
Virus Although somewhat dated now, it won the Best International Short Film Award in 2003 and has a great twist and tension despite the lack of dialogue. 5 minutes.
Gravity Use this with caution because of the gun violence and use of language (though the BFI included it in a collection of short films to use with 12-14 year olds which is where I first came across it). Surprising and horrifying resolution. 5 minutes.
With each short film, students’ confidence grew with their understanding of the Narrative Arc and being able to identify the key parts in each film. There was a little bit of lively debate too, which is always good, and a developing awareness of the ways in which storytellers make different decisions about the length of each part of the Narrative Arc e.g. a really short or a really long exposition.
I showed students the following question from one of AQA’s Sample Assessment packs and asked them to use the Narrative Arc to plan a whole narrative.
Although the question only demands an opening, I think it’s important that students spend a couple of minutes planning where the narrative would go. We don’t want students to simply keep writing until the time runs out (especially if we want them to meet the requirements of a ‘consciously crafted’ structure). We want students to write a developed exposition followed by rising action but withhold the climax. Critically, if students know what the climax would be it will enable them to write a far better opening because the narrative is actually going somewhere. The rising action is arguably the most important part of any story because it sets up the climax – if students have no idea where the story is going that’s going to be obvious to the examiner and the rising action will be flawed (what is it rising towards?).
After sharing some plans and discussing ideas, I gave students this question which does demand of them an entire story.
Again, they planned a full response and I talked through my guidance that each paragraph of their response would constitute a part of the Narrative Arc e.g.
The beauty of this planning, is that not only do they know where to go (and they have something ‘consciously crafted’) but, if they run out of time, they could skip a part of the rising action or have a very short resolution – the examiner would be able to see what was intended – and this would be easier to manage because they would know the structure they were working with.
There’s clearly more work to be done (this was an introduction) in follow up lessons about making details matter and unity of time/action/place. Some of the plans indicate a tendency to over extend the reach of a short story and an obsession with tsunamis (I must ask Geography what they’ve been teaching recently…) but I’m confident they left the lesson with a more grounded understanding of the key elements of a narrative of any length; even one that lasts just 3 minutes.
To wrap things up, I asked the class to write the exposition for one of the short films we had watched. I wanted them to demonstrate their understanding of what should be included in the exposition of one of these narratives but also show the skills we’ve been developing this year of writing something compelling with a variety of sentence structures, punctuation and ambitious vocabulary etc. I was pretty impressed.
This is fab Rebecca, thank you. I’ve just used this to help me plan a revision lesson on creative writing using some of the ideas in here. Fabulous as always. | https://thelearningprofession.com/2017/04/27/on-john-brown-rose-and-the-midnight-cat-an-introduction-to-narrative-writing/ |
Economic, environmental, social, and health benefits of urban traffic emission reduction management strategies: Case study of Beijing, China
In tandem with social and economic development in Beijing, traffic congestion and the resulting air pollution have become serious problems. To improve the environment as well as road-carrying capacity, this study established a vehicle emission reduction management model using a system dynamics approach. An algorithm for the qualified verification of the degree of grey incidence based on system dynamics and grey model theory was also established to validate the model. Furthermore, in consideration of economic, environmental, social, and health benefits, the effects of the air pollution charging fee (APCF), penalties, and subsidies (collectively, the APS strategy) on air quality and traffic congestion were explored. The findings indicated that APCF and penalties help reduce emissions and alleviate traffic congestion but increase the burden on public transport and reduce its supply level. Further, while the subsidy strategy’s effects on reducing congestion and emissions are not obvious, the strategy will greatly increase the supply of public transport. In addition, the lagged and fading effects of the combined APS strategy were identified. The combined APS strategy has multiple benefits: it can not only increase public-transport supply and promote health (social and health benefits) but also decrease pollution and total energy consumption (economic and environmental benefits).
- Record URL:
- Record URL:
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Availability:
- Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/22106707
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Supplemental Notes:
- © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Abstract reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
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Authors:
- Jia, Shuwei
- Publication Date: 2021-4
Language
- English
Media Info
- Media Type: Web
- Features: Appendices; Figures; References; Tables;
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Serial: | https://trid.trb.org/view/1766124 |
by David McCarthy
I would like to revisit the related ideas of civil credit and civil money this month. The reason for that is that the Hudson Valley Current, which is a working embodiment of these principles, is now in beta testing, and we have about 30 members trying it out. That’s pretty exciting for those of us working on the Current. But for this project and others like it to succeed, people need to get a clear understanding about why it’s not just some sort of cool experiment. We need to see how it works—and for that matter, what money is in the first place.
It has been said that there are really only two kinds of money. The first kind is commodity money. That traditionally has meant gold and silver, but also things like salt or sea shells have been used. Then there is money based on credit and debt. One early form of paper money was a hybrid of these two, since it was issued as certificates of deposit at a goldsmith for gold. People had faith in the bills since they were redeemable in actual gold. The bill itself represented a credit for a certain amount of gold.
Over the years, the gradual historical trend toward government-issued money has complicated the subject considerably. Though that’s an interesting topic, I’d like to sidestep it here because, well, civil money itself sidesteps government-issue altogether. To understand this, we need to look at the basic—and very simple—nature of credit-based money.
Money that is issued on the basis of credit depends, by definition, on some degree of trust between people or in a society. I say “some degree” because an example of this could just be an IOU that I give to a friend for $10 or maybe a bag of apples. In that case, the trust is just between that friend and me. Now, if we had another friend who knows and trusts both of us, that IOU could very conceivably be exchanged with him or her for some equivalent service, and presented to me to pay off the debt. In that simple example, the IOU is civil money. Note that the “money” disappears when the debt is paid.
The Hudson Valley Current is nothing more than an expansion of this example. It is a system of civil credit operating in a local system of known and trusted members, organized by a nonprofit organization. The accounting takes place via a web-based credit clearing system. When I deliver goods or services to a member, I get a credit, denominated in Currents (the value of which is set equal to a dollar). The buyer of my goods gets an interest-free debit. A small transaction charge helps cover the cost of operating the system. The buyer offsets the debit by selling his or her goods and services into the network.
Just as an atom in the physical world is composed of particles with positive and negative charges, credit-based money is an “atom” of credit/debit. In a mutual credit network, the sum of all the accounts at any one time will be zero. The amount of money in the system is just the sum of all the positive balances, but that number doesn’t matter much. What is important is that there is enough money provided for the purposes of the members—and the system is designed to do just that. The money itself is simply a dynamic process, a Current if you will, that facilitates needed transactions. To be sure, managing such a system requires careful oversight and account controls, but the fact that it is a local system of known parties will help to keep things in balance.
So now we’re ready to see the power of civil money:
• Like any local currency system, it strengthens the relationships of locally owned businesses and individuals. Local money circulates locally by its very definition.
• Bringing money creation down to the local level will help us weather the storms and instabilities of the global and national economies—especially of credit and financial systems. Inflation or deflation, which may have nothing to do with the productivity of our local economy, can be sidestepped by using a currency that is based on direct delivery of goods and services.
• Short-term, interest-free operational credit removes all kinds of barriers to prosperity for ordinary people and small businesses. You will find a whole new network of trading partners. They will be able to afford your services, and you theirs. If you see this, you’ll see how it can help you. But at the same time, using such a system benefits the whole community. In short, it’s a way of practicing altruism while helping ourselves at the same time. If that’s not win-win, I don’t know what is. | https://livelihoodmagazine.org/the-power-of-civil-money/ |
OTTAWA, March 10, 2015 – The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) announces that Monica Adair, who has become a leader in New Brunswick through design, education, and community service, is the recipient of its 2015 Young Architect Award.
Ms. Adair, 37, is co-founder of Acre Architects in Saint John, NB. Her teaching posts include a Gerald Sheff Visiting Professorship in Architecture at McGill University in Montreal, where she received the Gerald Sheff Award for part-time teaching. She has also served on the New Brunswick Arts Board and currently sits on the Saint John Waterfront Development Board.
In choosing Adair, the five-member jury cited the consistent quality of her project work, commitment to her hometown and her work in the arts community. They also recognized her teaching, advocacy, and contribution to regional collaboration in Atlantic Canada.
“She has an impressive CV containing significant academic and work experience for a young practitioner,” said the jury.
Download images HERE.
Adair will receive her award at the RAIC/AAA Festival of Architecture, which takes place in Calgary June 3 to 6.
The RAIC Young Architect Award recognizes an architect 40 years or younger for excellence in design, leadership, and service to the profession. The award is intended to inspire other young architects to become licensed and to strive for excellence in their work.
“As the name suggests, the award symbolizes youthfulness and change in the profession,” said RAIC President Sam Oboh, FRAIC.
“It goes to a practitioner who brings a fresh perspective to the practice of architecture — and this can range from the ways in which they engage clients to how they manage their offices,” said Mr. Oboh.
“Recipients are the leaders of their generation and recognize their responsibility to mentor or inspire their colleagues,” he added.
Ms. Adair holds a Master of Architecture degree from the University of Toronto. Prior to starting Acre Architects in 2010, she worked at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in New York City and Plant Architect Inc. in Toronto. Most recently, she was at Murdock and Boyd Architects in Saint John where she was Project Architect for a hockey arena that won the Lieutenant Governor’s Award for Excellence in Architecture in New Brunswick.
Acre Architects, which has seven full-time employees, took part in Migrating Landscapes, Canada’s entry at the 2012 Venice Biennale in Architecture. Its projects range from houses, such as Mackay’s Apple Orchard on the Kingston Peninsula to public installations such as In Transit in Saint John, and larger projects like Picaroon’s Brewery in Fredericton. They are expanding beyond Canada with the Hekla Hotel in Brooklyn, New York.
Adair was featured on the W Network television series Majumder Manor after the firm won a competition to design a hotel in comedian Shaun Majumder’s hometown of Burlington, Newfoundland.
Co-partners with spouse Stephen Kopp, Adair also works at melding family life and practice. Within their office is a designed space where they can bring their two sons to work.
"I’m at an exciting and pivotal time in my career, and being the recipient of the RAIC Young Architect Award strengthens both my ambition, and onus, to do great things in this world,” she said.
The jury was made up of:
- Peter Busby, FRAIC, Past Gold Medalist, San-Francisco-based architect
- Paule Boutin, AP/FIRAC, Past President of the RAIC and Montreal architect
- Tyler Sharp, MRAIC, Past Recipient of the RAIC Young Architect Award and Toronto architect
- Siamak Hariri, FRAIC, Toronto architect
- Martin Houle, MIRAC, founder of Kollectif.net and Montreal architect
ABOUT THE RAIC
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada is a voluntary national association, representing 4,800 members. The RAIC advocates for excellence in the built environment, works to demonstrate how design enhances the quality of life and promotes responsible architecture in addressing important issues of society. | https://raic.org/news/raic-names-recipient-its-2015-young-architect-award |
The article deals with the problems of activation of innovative activity of small enterprises in Ukraine. Development of small businesses is an important factor in ensuring the stability of the economy and its adaptation to the conditions of operation, including integration with the EU. This is what determines the relevance of creating conditions for the development of small business in Ukraine and increase its innovation activity.
The basic structural parameters of small businesses and the results of their innovation, which indicate the minor role of small business in the socio-economic processes of Ukraine, low efficiency of small businesses and their extremely low innovation activity were analyzed. Also was performed the comparison the of innovative activity of domestic enterprises with those of developed countries innovation which demonstrates the multiplicity of relations, namely in 2014 the number of innovation-active industrial enterprises amounted to 1,609 units or around 16,1% of the total, while the innovative part in the EU is 60%, South Korea and Japan - 65-67%, USA - 78%.
The main reasons for the low innovation activity of Ukrainian small businesses are determined. These include: immaturity of economic incentives to attract investment resources in innovative processes; limited funding for research and innovation from the state budget; lack of public innovation management, inadequate institutional environment; insufficient conditions for the development of innovation infrastructure; imperfect of institutional support for technology transfer; bad established cooperation in the chain "education-science-business".
Therefore, an important task for today is to stimulate innovative activity of small enterprises which are priority areas for the Ukrainian economy and where specific percentage of small businesses is significant, particularly tourism, medicine, IT, agriculture. | http://science.lpnu.ua/semi/all-volumes-and-issues/volume-3-number-8474-2016/small-business-innovation-activity-ukraine |
In line with the philosophy of the person-centred approach, and the aims and objectives of the Norwich Centre & Norwich Centre Projects Ltd, we believe that we have a responsibility towards both humankind and our planet to ensure the quality of our relationship with the world and our way of being in the world.
Writing in ‘A Way of Being’ in 1980, Rogers outlined the qualities of the person of tomorrow, (Rogers, 1980, p350-352) including ‘Attitude towards nature. They feel a closeness to and a caring for elemental nature. They are ecologically minded, and they get their pleasure from an alliance with the forces of nature, rather than in the conquest of nature’.
We believe that some activities conflict with our aims, objectives and core philosophy and that companies and organisations involved with, or with a poor record in these areas should be avoided.
The direct environmental impact of the Norwich Centre and Norwich Centre Projects’ operations arises from our use of: resources, energy, transport, our choice of products and services, and our disposal of waste. In deciding what to purchase, how to operate and where to invest, we will take the above into consideration. We will aim to make ethical decisions and to reduce our impact on the environment. We will be mindful of the need to balance this with the duty to maximise the funds available for the charitable work of the Norwich Centre.
In practical terms this means we will support organisations which are committed to making positive contributions to society and the environment:
We will buy environmentally friendly and sustainable products and services.
We will buy locally produced, Fair Trade and/or organic products where possible.
We will audit our financial arrangements to ensure we are not compromising our policy.
We will actively seek to re-use and recycle goods and materials wherever possible.
We will minimise the use of materials and energy.
We will reduce the production of waste.
We will seek to minimise car use, keep flying to a minimum and promote the use of public transport, cycling or walking.
We will use suppliers who promote social justice.
We will not condone or collude with organisations or individuals who engage in activities which compromise our integrity.
We will avoid using suppliers who fund hate directly or indirectly, for example by advertising in publications or on websites which encourage prejudice against and oppression of any sector of society, and we will not advertise our services in such publications or on websites. | https://www.norwichcentre.org/our-values/ |
"The older you are, the wiser you get. " is a well-known proverb that provides insight in human tendencies to be impulsive, perfunctory and hasty. Part of maturing as a human being comes from understanding a predicament, deducing a solution and carefully reasoning whether there will be any consequences and if they would be worth it. Impulsive acts flaunt incompetence and immaturity. Albeit embarrassing regardless, there are often more resilient consequences than merely looking foolish for acting in manners that jeopardize goals and contravene strategies of success.
Failing to analyze any situation appropriately in the heat of the moment incurs undesirable outcomes such as a punishment of some sort or in some cases, death. This is the message that William Shakespeare tries to convey in his infamous play, Romeo and Juliet. This play revolves around characters from two rival families that elicit their deaths and that of several others due to their impulsive personalities. Romeo, Juliet and Tybalt each let a particular emotion cloud their judgement, causing them to make decisions with no prior thoughts of consideration for consequences.
Their lack of will to resist and control their desires becomes the cause of their demise. When experiencing certain emotions, one's thoughts are clouded and it becomes difficult for them to make rational decisions. Romeo is a very impulsive character. It's as if he suffers from Borderline Personality Disorder. He tends to overreact and his impulsivity puts him in several difficult situations before it kills him. Firstly, Romeo is very dramatic. His feelings are superficial and shallow.
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This is established at the very beginning of the play when Romeo says: "Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! Where shall we dine? O me! What fray was here? ". (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 165) Romeo dramatically muses about his "love" for Rosaline to Benvolio for a lengthy period before he abruptly changes the topic of discussion momentarily to where they will eat dinner.
This indicates an impulsive and whimsical tendency. This quotation helps enforce character development into play, allowing the reader to infer the lead character's major personality traits and flaws. Albeit at a very small and irrelevant scale, Romeo's tendency to act over-dramatic puts himself in state of mental distress unnecessarily. Secondly, Romeo's impetuosity is made very unambiguous and perceptive to the reader during the famous "balcony scene" in the play. The following conversation takes place between Romeo and Juliet in Act 2, Scene 2: ROMEO: With love's light wings did I o'er-perch these walls; For stony limits cannot hold love out, And what love can do that dares love attempt; Therefore thy kinsmen are no let to me. JULIET: If they do see thee, they will murder thee. ROMEO: Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye Than twenty of their swords: look thou but sweet, And I am proof against their enmity. (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 65-70) Romeo proclaims his love for a woman he met less than 24 hours ago, making his impulsivity indisputable. He displays complete disregard for the safety of his life by being on Capulet property just to catch a glimpse of a girl - Capulet's only daughter and prize - he met the evening earlier. His very presence in such a place at midnight is impulsive on its own, but to claim to not value his life in lengthy, redundant romantic speeches is careless, immature and unacceptably lackadaisical.
Fortunately, Romeo escapes the property unseen. If he had been caught, he would have been killed. This shows Romeo's poor decision-making skills, his disregard for carefully choosing his decisions and how they could have gotten him in danger. Lastly, Romeo gets himself killed because, yet again, he does not reflect on his actions before executing them. In Act 5, Scene 1, Romeo says to Apothecary, "Let me have a dram of poison... " (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 60).
Romeo utters this statement in severe melancholy upon hearing of Juliet's apparent death in Verona. Him hastily travelling to a druggist emphasizes on Romeo's tendency to overreact and not give any apparent thought to his own life or his future. At this point, Romeo's character traits are made very clear to the reader. In conclusion, careless behaviour is potentially cataclysmic for the person impulsive and the people around him. This is especially true when an individual allows an emotion to cloud their judgement.
Since Romeo allowed himself to get attached to Juliet quickly, lustfully he found himself in a miserable position where Juliet, Lady Montague, Mercutio, Tybalt and Paris die because he impulsively decided to fall in love with a member of the Capulet family without thinking of the long term consequences and in his grief he decided to take his own life mindlessly. Similar to Romeo, Juliet is also depicted as an impulsive character who neglects rational thinking when flooded with emotions. This is made particularly evident during the balcony scene when Juliet says, Three words, dear Romeo, and good-night indeed. If that thy bent of love be honourable, Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow one that I’ll procure to come to thee Where and what time thou wilt perform the rite, And all my fortunes at thy foot I’ll lay And follow thee, my lord, throughout the world" . (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 145). This quotation testifies to Juliet's callow and childlike decision to consider a boy she met hours ago as her husband. Marriage is genuine and a huge step in someone's life.
It is brought together by hundreds of tiny threads which are sewn by the couple over years, not within a few hours. The idea of falling in love, the lust for Romeo and the excitement of rebellion causes Juliet to not think rationally. The lust she feels causes her to follow her heart rather than her mind. The man she consents to marrying is part of a rival family and pursuing marriage with Romeo would be redundant and dangerous as another brawl would break out between the two families before they would succumb to the marriage. Had she thought rationally and considered the consequences beforehand rather than acting impulsively she ould have saved lives of many others, including her own. Fortunately for Romeo, she wasn't caught conversing with him while he was under the balcony. Impulsivity is a repercussion of impatience. Patience is a virtue and in this case, a life saving one. However, although short-term trouble was avoided successfully, one is not always guaranteed to be so lucky. This is demonstrated later in the play when Juliet says to Friar Lawrence, "Be not so long to speak. I long to die if what thou speak’st speak not of remedy" (Act 4, Scene 1, Line 65). Juliet is devastated when Lady Capulet forces her to make Paris her mate for life.
In a desperate search for a solution, she goes to Friar with a dagger and announces her plan of suicide, blackmailing him of proceeding with the aforementioned plan if Friar doesn't give her an alternative. Friar suggests taking a coma-inducing potion which will fake her death, after which she could elope with Romeo. In utter incoherence and mad impulsivity, she takes the potion without speaking with Romeo. Relying on Friar and a messenger to give Romeo the message, she irresponsibly fabricates a scene of death and gets put in the Capulet crypt. Upon Romeo's arrival there, he has a confrontation with Paris.
They duel till Paris's death, after which the derangement of the whole situation takes control of Romeo's senses, causing him to drink poison and die. Her impulsivity is not left unpunished this time as she causes the death of two people close to her and the death of Lady Montague later on. Failing to think the consequences beforehand causes the person and the people around him/her to suffer mental or physical injuries to potentially huge extents. Lastly, Juliet's impulsivity is made absolute when she mindlessly decides to take her life. In Act 5, Juliet's final words testify that her final impulsive action is detrimental.
She says, "Yea, noise? Then I’ll be brief. O happy dagger, This is thy sheath. There rust and let me die" (Act 5, Scene 3, Line 69). Upon witnessing Romeo's deceased body laying lifelessly next to an empty flask of the poisonous drug, Juliet grabs Romeo's dagger and stabs herself to her demise. She does not think about the consequences of killing herself for a boy she met less than a week ago. She sees no escape other than immediately killing herself, leaving the rest of her life unlived. Therefore, in conclusion, the inability to appropriately weigh their options makes people take decisions impulsively and impulsivity can be injurious.
In Juliet's case, Romeo and Paris paid for her impulsivity and the deaths of those were indirectly related to those of others such as Lady Montague, Mercutio and Tybalt. Tybalt is a character from the Capulet family who, like Romeo and Juliet, allows emotions to dominate and overpower his judgements which result in impulsive actions with fatal consequences. However, unlike Romeo and Juliet, Tybalt has trouble controlling his anger. His easily perturbed temper leads to his desires of resorting to violence. Although a different emotion than lust, anger is an unwanted emotion regardless, failing to repress which has inevitable consequences.
Tybalt's impulsivity is first hinted upon when he says, "It fits when such a villian is a guest. I'll not endure him. " (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 75). Tybalt is completely enraged by Romeo's presence at the Capulet ball to the point at which he wishes to duel him. With anger clouding his judgements, he doesn't consider the Prince's warning the following morning. Had he not been told to quite down, he would have confronted Romeo, perturbing the peace. His impulsivity and inability to control his emotions when aggravated is his biggest strength while being his biggest weakness as well.
This quotation is significant, because of its adequate approach to character development. Furthermore, this quote helps the reader infer the message of the play itself: impulsivity is more or less masochistic and inability to repress emotions to a reasonable level can be fatal. Secondly, another impulsive decision taken by Tybalt occurs in Scene 1 when he says, "What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word, As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee: Have at thee, coward! " (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 65) In this quotation, Tybalt exclaims openly about his hatred for Montagues.
His anger speaks for him, attracting trouble with those hateful words. His inability to control himself attracts the prince, getting them all in trouble. In a way, this incident is the guarantee of his near death. If Romeo hadn't killed him for killing Mercutio later on, the Prince would have had him executed, because of the warning he gives after Tybalt disrupts the peace by starting a brawl. Lastly, Tybalt's impulsivity gets himself killed, becoming further evidence to how impulsivity gets you in trouble. Tybalt says, “Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries.
That thou hast don’t me, therefore turn and draw” (3:1:63, 64). Tybalt taunts Romeo, hoping to initiate a duel for his anger to be drained. He seeks duels, never wanting to consider talking about the issues. It is due to this, that he finds himself murdered. Had he chosen to consider alternatives with a calm mind, he would have saved his own life and that of Mercutio. Anybody can become angry - that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way - that is not within everybody's power and is not easy.
It is a necessary skill, which becomes more troublesome the longer one chooses to not master it. In conclusion, strong emotions, desires and urges come to everyone. Learning to be able to adequately control them to a safe degree is a necessity. Romeo, Juliet and Tybalt all act impulsively because they are unable to repress their emotions. Romeo's lust for Juliet causes him to act recklessly, risking his life for a woman he barely knows. Since he allowed himself to become infatuated with Juliet, he found himself very lonely at her apparent death.
He saw no other option other than that to kill himself. His impulsivity was fatal as he was too foolish to repress his emotions. Juliet, being as foolish as Romeo returned his love. Lustfully, she also allowed herself to get attached too quickly. She foolishly accepted Romeo's proposal, risking her family's name and honour for a boy as unprepared and unsuitable for a mate in a realistic world as a newborn. Had she been smart and not returned Romeo's love like Rosaline, her life would have been saved. Lastly, Tybalt also made several foolish decisions.
Despite of his anger proving harmful, he never practiced the advice he was preached: to not disrupt peace amongst the public. Making several impulsive decisions like starting a brawl in the street for something that could have been easily apologized for and killing Mercutio, Tybalt ensures his final destination. If all three characters were more mature and weighed their options before making any decision, they each would be alive at the end of the play. However, that would have made a boring play, wouldn't it have? | https://phdessay.com/essay-romeo-and-juliet/ |
The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. This study guide contains the following sections:
This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion on The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True by Richard Dawkins.
The Magic of Reality, written by popular science author and esteemed biologist Richard Dawkins, is an extended essay directed at explaining natural phenomena that occur throughout the known world, and arguing that a scientific understanding is superior to the belief in magic or the supernatural. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of the world around us. Life, planets, stars, and disasters are all presented to the reader. First, myths are introduced in order to show the reader the ways in which people across the world attempted to explain these things. The author generally brings up interesting facts about these myths, as well as explores their inherent flaws in terms of what they might contribute to the understanding of the universe. Each chapter unfolds in more or less the same sequence, in an argument designed to examine past deficiencies in human beliefs and briefly explain to the reader how these beliefs may have come about in some cases. Once these ideas are presented in the chapter, the author presents what he considers their superior scientific alternatives. After the myths regarding the subject presented by the title heading are introduced, the author proceeds to explain what humans know now about the world, through the use of the scientific method. While many of the subjects that the author approaches are inherently complicated in nature, great efforts are taken to keep the general notion of science as a tool for understanding at play. Thus, the book is an excellent starting point for someone of very little knowledge about concepts such as evolution, the structure of the universe, or the nature of disasters on earth. Each chapter is similarly structured, and the gradual presentation of what scientists have discovered rapidly overcomes the supernatural explanations that once served to provide reasons for things that humans observed in everyday life. Through the work, the author argues that science is superior, not only because it offers better explanations of the world we see around us, but also because by using the scientific method, we come to control more of the world around us, which myths were never capable of doing. The simple approach taken by the author makes this book easily readable by even those totally unfamiliar with established scientific principles, and serves as a strong argument for the scientific understanding of the universe. Simple, yet straightforward and compelling, the book builds on knowledge presented in previous chapters to promote understanding of each separate topic. The work also does a remarkably good job of making simple arguments very powerful, and strongly supports the idea that scientific understanding is superior to the belief in myth or superstition. | http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-the-magic-of-reality/ |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
β-Thalassemia (β-thal) syndromes, among the most common hereditary diseases worldwide, are characterized by a genetic deficiency in the synthesis of β-globin chains \[[@CIT0001]\]. The β-thal results from mutations that cause reduced (β^+^ type) or absent (β^0^ type) β-globin chain synthesis \[[@CIT0002]\]. A total of 393 thalassemia mutations have been reported so far \[[@CIT0003]\].
Hemoglobinopathy is a genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule \[[@CIT0004]\]. Hemoglobin S (HbS, β6 Glu-Val) results from a single base mutation in the β-globin gene, and is the most prevalent abnormal hemoglobin in Turkey \[[@CIT0005]\]. It has been reported that Hemoglobin D (β121 Glu-Gln) is the second most common hemoglobinopathy in Turkey and is distinguished from HbS by its normal solubility and its failure to produce sickling in a deoxygenated state. Hemoglobin E (β26 Glu-Lys), the third most commonly seen abnormal hemoglobin in Turkey, is a thalassemic hemoglobinopathy characterized by microcytosis and hypochromia \[[@CIT0005]--[@CIT0007]\].
The β-thal is widespread throughout the Mediterranean Region, in Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Burma, Southeast Asia and Indonesia \[[@CIT0008]\]. Similarly, hemoglobinopathies are common in different ethnic groups and in a broad geographic area including Equatorial Africa, Southern Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Southern India, and Greece \[[@CIT0001], [@CIT0002]\].
Adana, which is the biggest city located in the Cukurova Region in the southern part of Turkey, has been shown to be one of the top cities in terms of the frequency of β-thal and hemoglobinopathies. Mersin and Antakya, two other cities located in the Cukurova Region, also have a high rate of β-thal and hemoglobinopathies. Following Aksoy *et al*., who initiated scientific investigations on abnormal hemoglobins in Turkey in 1955, data from several studies have been published and the prevalence of sickle cell trait (Hb AS) has been found to be 8.2% in the Cukurova Region \[[@CIT0009], [@CIT0010]\]. The rate of occurrence of β-thal has been reported to be approximately 4.3% in Turkey \[[@CIT0011]\]. However, in some parts, the rate increases to as high as 10% to 13% \[[@CIT0008], [@CIT0011]\].
In this retrospective study, we report the number and the type of β-thal mutations and hemoglobinopathies detected in individuals admitted to Seyhan Hereditary Blood Disorders Center (SHBDC) in Adana with a complaint of anemia. Molecular analysis of the β-globin gene was performed using a β-Globin StripAssay. We have identified 18 different β-thal mutations and three different abnormal hemoglobins: HbS, HbD Los Angeles, and HbE.
Material and methods {#S0002}
====================
Data from 3000 individuals, including premarital couples and patients with symptoms of anemia, admitted to SHBDC were restrospectively analyzed. Of these cases, 609 were found to be diagnosed as β-thal or hemoglobinopathy.
Blood samples were collected in EDTA containing tubes and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to confirm the diagnosis. To perform molecular diagnostic tests, DNAs were isolated from white blood cells by using conventional methods. Mutation analyses for the β-globin gene were evaluated with β-Globin Strip-Assay (ViennaLab cat. no. 4-120, Austria), which is used for detection of the 22 most common β-thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy mutations in the Mediterranean Region. The StripAssay is based on the reverse-hybridization technique. The β-globin genes of isolated DNAs are amplified *in vitro* by multiplex PCR and labeled with biotin in a single reaction. Subsequently, the amplification products are hybridized to oligonucleotide probes (wild and mutant type) containing the test strip.
Approval from the institutional Ethics Committee of Seyhan Hereditary Blood Disorders Center was provided for this study.
Results {#S0003}
=======
DNA samples from 609 individuals with β-thal or hemoglobinopathies were analyzed and 18 different β-thal mutations and also HbS, HbD Los Angeles, and HbE were identified. Molecular features of the patients are detailed in [Tables I](#T0001){ref-type="table"}--[III](#T0003){ref-type="table"}.
The most frequent mutation of β-thal was found to be IVSI.110 (G \> A) in Adana followed by codon 8 (--AA), IVSI.1 (G \> A), IVSI.6 (T \> C), --30 (T \> A), IVSII.1 (G \> A), codon 39 (C \> T), codon 44 (--C), IVSI.5 (G \> C), codon 5 (--CT), codon 8/9 (+G), IVSII.745 (C \> G), codon 22 (7bp del), --101 (C \> T), codon 36/37 (--T), IVSI.15 (T \> G), codon 6 (--A), and --88 (G \> A) respectively ([Table I](#T0001){ref-type="table"}). The overall rate of occurrence of β-thal mutations in our group was 13.46% (*n* = 404).
######
Frequencies of β-thalassemia mutations in Adana
Mutation Type No. of cases Percentage
--------------------- ------ -------------- ------------
IVSI.110 (G \> A) β^+^ 142 35.14
Codon 8 (--AA) β^0^ 37 9.15
IVSI.1 (G \> A) β^0^ 35 8.66
IVSI.6 (T \> C) β^+^ 31 7.67
--30 (T \> A) β^+^ 30 7.42
IVSII.1 (G \> A) β^0^ 26 6.43
Codon 39 (C \> T) β^0^ 24 5.94
Codon 44 (--C) β^0^ 20 4.95
IVSI.5 (G \> C) β^+^ 15 3.71
Codon 5 (--CT) β^0^ 12 2.97
Codon 8/9 (+G) β^0^ 10 2.47
IVSII.745 (C \> G) β^+^ 9 2.22
Codon 22 (7bp del.) β^0^ 4 0.99
--101 (C \> T) β^+^ 3 0.74
Codon 36/37 (--T) β^0^ 3 0.74
IVSI.116 (T \> G) β^0^ 1 0.25
Codon 6 (--A) β^0^ 1 0.25
--88 (G \> A) β^+^ 1 0.25
**Total** **404** **100**
We detected 205 cases with abnormal hemoglobins out of 3000 individuals (6.83%). One hundred and ninety-two of 205 subjects with abnormal hemoglobins were heterozygous HbS (93.65%) whereas seven and six of these subjects were identified as HbD Los Angeles (3.42%) and HbE (2.93%) respectively ([Table II](#T0002){ref-type="table"}). Therefore, the frequency of HbS heterozygotes among 3000 subjects admitted to our center was found to be 6.4%. The frequency of HbD Los Angeles and HbE in the whole group was 0.23% and 0.2% respectively.
######
Frequency of hemoglobinopathy mutations in Adana
Mutation Type No. of cases Percentage
----------------- ------ -------------- ------------
HbS β^S^ 192 93.65
HbD Los Angeles β^D^ 7 3.42
HbE β^E^ 6 2.93
**Total** **205** **100**
There were a total of 56 cases who were either homozygous or compound heterozygous amongst our subjects. While 40 of 56 cases were diagnosed as sickle cell homozygotes (71.43%), 10 cases were β-thal major (17.87%), 5 cases were compound heterozygotes (8.93%) and 1 subject was HbS/HbD (1.79%) ([Table III](#T0003){ref-type="table"}). In summary, the rate of sickle cell homozygote cases among our group was 1.33%.
######
The number and percentage of homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes in Adana
Genotype Number Percentage
--------------------- -------- ------------
HbS/HbS 40 71.43
IVSI.110/HbS 4 7.14
IVSI.6/IVSI.6 3 5.36
IVSII.1/IVSII.1 2 3.57
--30/IVSI.6 2 3.57
Codon 8/HbS 1 1.79
IVSI.1/IVSI.1 1 1.79
--30/--30 1 1.79
IVSI.110/IVSI.110 1 1.79
HbS/HbD Los Angeles 1 1.79
**Total** **56** **100**
Discussion {#S0004}
==========
The β-thals were among the first human genetic diseases to be analyzed by recombinant DNA technology. Today, the molecular pathology of disorders resulting from mutations in the β-globin gene region has been well defined, and point mutations have been found to be the main cause of molecular defects in β-thals \[[@CIT0012], [@CIT0013]\]. Adana is one of the oldest settlements in Turkey. The first settlers arrived in this region during the Paleolithic period, that is at least 3000 years ago. Since then, Arab, Byzantine, Sumerian, Hittite and Turkish societies have lived here and played important roles in the history of the region, subsequently leading to a complex ethnic structure.
Currently the majority of the population in Adana is of Arab origin, known as "Eti-Turks", whose ancestors immigrated from Syria and Egypt centuries ago. Antakya and Mersin are neighbor cities of Adana and most of the people who live there are also of Arab origin. Therefore, the prevalence of HbS has been found to be considerably high in these areas compared to other parts of Turkey. In addition, consanguineous marriages are seen in a high incidence in these provinces, which also contributes to the increased frequency of HbS and HbE heterozygotes \[[@CIT0014], [@CIT0015]\].
Aksoy reported the first case with HbS trait in Southern Turkey in 1955 \[[@CIT0009]\]. The first study regarding β-thal was also published by Aksoy *et al*. in 1985 \[[@CIT0016]\]. The prevalence of β-thals varies greatly between different parts of Turkey, however; the overall percentage has been reported to be 4.3% \[[@CIT0008], [@CIT0011], [@CIT0017], [@CIT0018]\]. A screening study conducted by Yüregir *et al*. revealed that the incidences of β-thals and HbS trait were 3.7% and 8.2% respectively in the Cukurova Region \[[@CIT0015]\].
In our study, we performed a screening program mostly for premarital couples at SHBDC to determine the frequency of β-thal and hemoglobinopathies in Adana. We have detected a total of 609 cases with β-thal or hemoglobinopathies. Abnormal hemoglobins consisting of HbS trait in 192 samples (6.4%), 7 of HbD Los Angeles (0.23%) and 6 of HbE (0.2%) and 404 patients with heterozygote thalassemia (13.46%) were found. Although the rate of occurrence of HbS trait that we found is consistent with previous studies, the prevalence of β-thal reported in our study is higher than the results revealed from other studies \[[@CIT0006], [@CIT0007]\]. Since the SHBDC solely focuses on performing molecular analysis on β-thal and abnormal hemoglobins in Adana, our study population consists of individuals with a family history or high risk of β-thal and hemoglobinopathies. Thus, the high rate of β-thals should not be considered contradictory with previous studies \[[@CIT0007], [@CIT0019]\].
In Adana, we have identified 18 different β-thal mutations in 404 cases, whereas Altay and Tadmouri reported more than 30 mutations of the globin gene in Turkey \[[@CIT0008], [@CIT0017]\]. The nine most prevalent β-thal mutations were noted in 89% of our cases ([Table I](#T0001){ref-type="table"}). These results confirm that β-thal mutations are highly heterogeneous, attributed to the ethnic characteristics in different parts of Turkey.
In our study, we have found that the most common β-thal mutation is IVSI.110 (G \> A), similar to the data published by Altay \[[@CIT0008]\]. IVSI.110 (G \> A) mutation was identified in 142 cases (35.14%) in our cohort, which appears to be related to consanguineous marriages in Adana. We noted that codon 8 mutation, which is present at high frequencies in Azerbaijan \[[@CIT0020]\], is the second most commonly seen defect of β-thal in Adana. This result is found to be different from two large studies performed by and Başak *et al*. \[[@CIT0017], [@CIT0018]\]. The mutations of --30 and codon 39, commonly encountered in Balkan countries \[[@CIT0004], [@CIT0021], [@CIT0022]\], showed rates of 7.48% and 5.98% respectively in this study.
Although HbE is the second most common hemoglobinopathy worldwide, HbD Los Angeles has been reported to be the second most prevalent abnormal hemoglobin seen among Eti-Turks, with a frequency of 0.16-2.4% in our country \[[@CIT0023]\]. Our results with 0.23% of HbD Los Angeles are consistent with those of Güler *et al*. \[[@CIT0024]\].
In conclusion, a variety of PCR-based methods are currently in use for detection of the most common β-thal mutations. We have observed that β-Globin StripAssay provides a simple, rapid and sensitive method to identify β-thal mutations and hemoglobinopathies even in large numbers of cases for screening programs.
Although the Deniz Database in Bogazici University has been used to collect data regarding β-thal mutations from different countries, a national database needs to be established in order to compose a map of the β-globin gene in our country.
Our results indicate that β-thal and hemoglobinopathies still appear to be an important public health problem in Adana. Due to the fact that consanguineous marriages are very common in this area, genetic counseling should be provided for premarital couples to prevent homozygote births.
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C minor chord
C minor chord for guitar in different forms: open, barre chords and with a capo.
More Cm chord categories: Cm7
Cm
Cm (capo 3)
Cm barre 1st
Cm barre 2nd
Try in a chord progression
Eb - Cm - Ab - Eb - Bb
Finger position (Cm chord)
Index (1st) finger on 4th (thinnest) string, 1st fret.
Ring (2nd) finger on 5th (thinnest) string, 3rd fret.
Theory of the Cm chordThe notes that an Cm chord consists of is C, Eb, G.
To get Cm7 add Bb.
To get Cm6 add A.
Alternatives with capo
Am shape with a capo on 3rd fret (see picture).
Inversions
1st inversion: Cm/Eb (means that Eb is the bass note).
2nd inversion: Cm/G (means that G is the bass note). | https://www.guitar-chord.org/cm.html |
1. Field of Invention
This invention pertains to backlighting translucent images. More particularly, this invention pertains to apparatus and methods for integrating a lighting circuit on a glass substrate to provide backlight illumination of a transparent and/or translucent image.
2. Description of the Related Art
The use of fluorescent light to backlight or illuminate a color transparency is well known in the art. In a typical embodiment, fluorescent bulbs are placed within a box having a glass front panel to which a color transparency is secured. Typically, such an arrangement requires that the box containing the fluorescent bulbs be deep enough to prevent the bulbs from forming hotspots or brighter areas on the transparency.
Various patents have issued with respect to backlighting images. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,748,455, titled “Display Apparatus,” issued to Welton on Jul. 24, 1973, discloses a portable display apparatus for exhibiting at a trade show. The Welton device includes a light box having a removable translucent or transparent panel and folding doors or panels, which make the light box self-supporting. An improvement of the Welton device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,448, titled “Lighted display panel system,” issued to Grove on Jul. 29, 1986. The Grove patent discloses a lighted display panel system that distributes fluorescent light through a lens over the lamps, thereby reducing the depth of the light box and avoiding hot spots.
As seen by the above identified patents, it is often quite useful to be able to place a light source on or very close to the surface of a glass substrate. Such applications include mounting lights in the vicinity of vanity mirrors for use in automobile visors. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,950, titled “Lighted Mirror Assembly for Motor Vehicle Visor,” and issued to Suman, et al., on Nov. 10, 1992, discloses an illuminated vanity mirror assembly with a resistor screen-printed on a polymeric film substrate glued to the back face of the mirror.
Various apparatus and methods for integrating electrical circuitry onto a substrate are known. Additionally, various techniques are known for making electrical connections to components mounted on the substrate. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,601, titled “Bonding Contact Members to Circuit Boards,” issued to Dinella, et al., on Mar. 28, 1978, discloses a conductive overlay solder-bonded over a contact finger top surface area and having a gold surface layer. U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,944, titled “Mounting Substrate and Its Production Method, and Printed Wiring Board Having Connector Function and Its Connection Method,” issued to Ishii, et al., on May 28, 1991, discloses using metal nodules and adhesive to make electrical contact and to mount components to a substrate.
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What is the food philosophy of the chef at Lakeside?
Answers from Our Experts (1)
Chef David Walzog believes in the idea that less is more when it comes to composing dishes for Lakeside, the seafood restaurant in the Forbes Travel Guide Four-Star Wynn Las Vegas. He searches for the finest, most distinctive ingredients available — often from small ranchers, farmers and day boat fisherman — and prepares them simply to let their natural flavors shine. “If we have sourced the absolute finest ingredients available and have crafted approachable, satisfying dishes that people love, we have met our goals,” the chef says. A three-time nominee for the James Beard/Perrier-Jouët Rising Chef Award, Walzog has prepared dinners in New York at The James Beard House. He has also taught at Macy’s prestigious De Gustibus series and at Peter Kump’s Cooking School. In addition, Walzog developed Michael Jordan’s Steak House brand steak sauce and steak rub, as well as a line of Southwestern sauces and salad dressings. In 2005 the chef published The New American Steakhouse Cookbook (Broadway Books, 2005), his first book. | http://www.forbestravelguide.com/las-vegas-nevada/restaurants/lakeside/what-is-the-food-philosophy-of-the-chef-at-lakeside |
The aim of the course is to qualify the student to perform intelligence analyses for policy and business. This means that (s)he can account for what such an analysis contains. The student can use different work methods of intelligence analysis for policy and business and is able to scrutinize models of such analysis critically and independently.
Content and teaching methods
The course has three modules. The first module provides a perspective on intelligence analyses for policy and business. Different work methods are presented by representatives of organizations. The second module permits the student to practise the preparation of intelligence analyses, while the final, applied module consists of making an intelligence analysis for policy and business at an external organization “for real”.
Subject: Human Geography
”Human” in “Human Geography” refers to civilization and society, while “geography” refers to relations of proximity and distance and spatial patterns. Human geography is thus about societies and their spatial patterns and relations. The geographical dimensions may involve local as well as global relations and patterns. The societal issues in human geography concern social, political and economical issues; currently and in an historical perspective. This means that Human Geography is a broad subject with a number of different areas of specialization.
As a student in Human Geography at Stockholm University, you meet leading researchers and teachers in historical geography and landscape studies, migration and population geography, economic geography, gender and planning, GIS and development geography. Within these areas of specialization you will study different ways of living, thinking, planning, travelling and working. You will gain knowledge about global living conditions and work with concepts and methods required to understand relations and patterns. An education in Human Geography includes study tours and excursions, field studies and field work. They may be organized in different ways but share the important core of studying structures and processes in the field.
Our courses provide you with the knowledge and skills to work with a range of different tasks such as housing, economic growth, heritage management, land use, environmental problems, urban and regional planning, social and ethnic segregation, urban and regional development, transport and tourism. Human Geography provides you with an education in the social sciences for work on investigations, analysis, planning and communication. Such jobs may deal with local, national or international questions and relations.
Area of interest: Human, Social and Political Sciences, and Law
Are you interested in human beings and society? How we function individually and together, what drives us, our learning processes, how rules and laws have been established, and how we interact with each other? If that is the case we have a lot to offer.
This area of interest covers anything from Pedagogy, Psychology and Gender Studies, to Statistics, Political Science, Law and many other subjects. Their common denominator is the relation between human beings and society, independent analytical thinking and often an international perspective. | https://www.su.se/english/search-courses-and-programmes/kg3213-1.411814 |
- This event has passed.
In Conversation: Vito Acconci / Acconci Studio & Thomas Mayne / Morphosis
January 11, 2006 @ 8:00 pm - 10:00 pm
January 11, 2006
LACE is pleased to present Vito Acconci and Thom Mayne in conversation on 11 January 2006 at 8pm. Renowned artist and architect, Vito Acconci, is coming to Los Angeles in early January 2006. To offer a truly memorable event, we have invited Thom Mayne to join Acconci. Mayne’s work has been chosen for numerous awards, most recently, he has been awarded the 2005 Pritzker Prize – an award considered by many to be architecture’s Nobel Prize. Linda Taalman, of Taalman Koch Architecture, will moderate the event.
Vito Acconci develops his work as a visual artist, a video maker, a body artist, and a designer of architectural and urban works of art. Acconci Studio, a think-tank of art and architecture where he collaborates with a group of young designers, currently producing works of public art for urban and unique setting. His influential, provocative and often radical art-making practices have earned him international recognition. Acconci Studio is located in Brooklyn, NY.
Thom Mayne is a Los Angeles-based architect known for breaking through traditional bounds of forms and materials. He is principal of Morphosis, meaning “manner of formation.” The architectural critic Witold Rybczynski comments, “His buildings have jagged, fractured forms and haphazard compositions that make them look, at first glance, as if they were not quite finished—or were falling apart. This is a subterfuge, of course, since they are solidly built and carefully detailed, but their appearance leaves the distinct impression of chaos.”
This conversation is a PUBLIC INTEREST event. Taking place throughout 2006, this series explores the evolving nature of public practices in an urban context by focusing on contemporary architecture, design and visual art practices that challenge standard notions of public space and manifest social as well as physical presence within the built landscape. Our location in Hollywood is particularly relevant with this district’s current phase of redevelopment and both Acconci and Mayne are ideal creative practitioners to set the tone for this exploration. | https://welcometolace.org/event/in-conversation-vito-acconci-acconci-studio-thomas-mayne-morphosis/ |
Q:
What does "promotion failure" in a JVM GC log mean?
2020-06-17T12:54:16.995+0800: 681976.777: [GC (Allocation Failure) 2020-06-17T12:54:16.995+0800: 681976.777: [ParNew (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3) (promotion failed): 1823484K->1883608K(1887488K), 0.4255307 secs]
2020-06-17T12:54:17.421+0800: 681977.202: [CMS: 952879K->532413K(2097152K), 2.9620031 secs] 2776364K->532413K(3984640K), [Metaspace: 211696K->211696K(1241088K)], 3.3881912 secs] [Times: user=3.23 sys=0.65, real=3.39 secs]
My question is , what does this log mean ?
(0: promotion failure size = 2) (1: promotion failure size = 3) (2: promotion failure size = 17912169) (3: promotion failure size = 3)
A:
You didn't say which JDK/JVM you use and what garbage collection but based on what I've found it's CMS which has been deprecated a long time ago and removed in JDK 14: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/363
You should seriously consider switching to more modern JDK / GC.
That's said, it seems that the GC failed to "promote" objects from Youn generation to Old generation due to insufficient space (memory) in the Old gen or its fragmentation.
Here are some links where they discuss this issue:
Java GC Promotion Failures
Avoiding promotion failed in Java CMS GC
https://serverfault.com/questions/698858/gc-taking-big-pause-and-parnew-promotion-failed
https://blogs.oracle.com/poonam/troubleshooting-long-gc-pauses
|
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