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a Department of Energy, TEBE Research Group, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129 Turin, Italy.
b Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129 Turin, Italy.
c Department of Psychology, University of Turin, via Verdi 10 – 10124, Turin, Italy.
d Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 – 10129 Turin, Italy.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +39 011 090.4508; fax: +39 011 090.4499
[email protected] (V. R.M. Lo Verso)
[email protected] (E. Fregonara)
[email protected] (F. Caffaro)
[email protected] (C. Morisano)
[email protected] (G. Maria Peiretti)
History: Received 27 September 2014 | Revised 19 November 2014 | Accepted 25 November 2014 | Published online 22 Dec 2014
Copyright: © 2014 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Citation: Valerio R.M. Lo Verso, Elena Fregonara, Federica Caffaro, Caterina Morisanov, and Gian Maria Peiretti, Daylighting as the Driving Force of the Design Process: from the Results of a Survey to the Implementation into an Advanced Daylighting Project, Journal of Daylighting 1 (2014) 36-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2014.5
Figures and tables
This paper presents a study for the transformation of an industrial area in Turin, Italy. The area hosts two buildings (one of which appointed as listed) to be transformed into dwellings. A synergic approach was adopted which combined expertise from architecture, social-economics, psychology and building physics sciences. Building physics sciences lead the research team. A user-centered design was pursued, using a bottom-up approach. A specifically developed questionnaire was submitted on-line to potential users. The survey showed that ‘amount of daylight’, ‘size of rooms’, ‘tranquility of the area’ and ‘presence of a private garden’ were perceived by users to be the most positive aspects of both their present and future, ideal home. These results were then implemented into the project. The exploitation of daylight became the driving force of the transformation project. Especially for the listed building, skylights and light wells were designed to bring daylight into the cores of the buildings, which host common spaces such as libraries or study rooms. The amount of daylight was assessed through the legislative index of the average daylight factor and through a climate-based modeling approach, calculating dynamic metrics such as the spatial daylight autonomy and the Useful Daylight Illuminance. The paper critically compares and discusses these two approaches. Finally, the energy demand for lighting was also calculated to analyze how the increased exploitation of daylight may imply a reduced need for electricity for lighting.
Residential satisfaction; Climate-based daylight modeling; Daylighting metrics; Annual sunlight exposure
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IEQ
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Indoor environmental quality
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CBDM
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Climate-based daylight modeling
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CBDm
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Climate-based daylight metrics
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DFi
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Punctual daylight factor [%]
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DFm
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Average daylight factor [%]
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sDA
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Spatial daylight autonomy [%]
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ASE
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Annual sunlight exposure
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UDI
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Useful daylight illuminance [%]
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WFR
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Window-to-floor ratio [-]
Nowadays, the transformation and reuse of former industrial areas, both private and public, has become one of the most critical and urgent issues to address in the architectural practice. Modern towns have a number of areas with manufacturing buildings which have been dismissed for decades and which have been selected to be transformed into residential or non-residential buildings. Sometimes the most fruitful choice is the demolition of the existing buildings to restart a totally new design from the scratch. On the other hand, though, this strategy cannot always be applied both for economic reasons and for the particular character of the existing buildings, which may be listed for their historical or architectural value. From a theoretic point of view, this is concerned with the strategic planning of reuse projects, restoration, enhancement and management of public assets (or private assets characterized by externalities). This implies knowing how to act strategically in relation to the building, or systems of assets. From an operational viewpoint, it is necessary to define updated instruments and innovative methods and models to support public authorities or to private operators in the definition of enhancement plans/projects. These models need to refer to three specific disciplinary sectors: estimates and economic appraisal of operations; legislative aspects; technical-specialized and design-related aspects.
Focusing on the case of restoration/enhancement of existing buildings, the design process is rather complex. Actually, the final architectural project must be the result of the most reasonable trade-off between different aspects, which account for different constraints: historical, social-economic, technical and functional. The challenge is how to provide end-users with living places that are comfortable, guaranteeing at the same time the compliance with standards in terms of energy savings and environmental compatibility. Furthermore, the historical and architectural value of the original building should not be compromised.
Starting from these premises, a transversal approach is therefore essential to address this matter in a flexible way. This approach should be supported by the contribution of specific and complementary expertise, from different disciplines such as:
The building physics science was the leading expertise in this study, while the results concerned with the other two disciplines will be the object of dedicated papers: this choice is consistent with the results of the analysis, which are strictly linked to building aspects related to daylight and visual comfort (as shown in section ‘Results’).
Among the quantity of aspects involved in the debate, the link which can exist between IEQ and energy savings and their impact on the real estate market is of particular interest. This especially applies to the most urging criteria adopted by final end-users (i.e. people who live in dwellings) to select a place in which they want to live. According to the 2nd Italian Annual Report on Energy Efficiency , aspects concerned with the quality of the view outside the windows and the amount of daylight play the major role in the formation of a building price. This finding is in general accordance with results coming from different studies in environmental psychology. These showed that the brightness of a place, the quality of the view outside, the size and the colors of the rooms are the most important aspects in defining residential quality and inhabitants’ wellbeing . Using a Hedonic price model, factors such as the proximity to green spaces and views of green spaces and water areas had high hedonic value. They are also important aspects to raise the price of a dwelling . Furthermore, size of the windows was proven to be an important purchase factor also for low-income families . The study by Veitch et al. highlights that the “interest in using light to the benefit of building occupants through daylighting/lighting design has never been higher. The latest scientific advances showed that the intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells are responsible for entraining circadian rhythms to patterns of light and dark”. For this reason, elements concerned with daylighting, such as windows and view outside, are particularly important to building occupants, especially at home. In this regard, the design team has different options to bring daylight into a building: for instance, vertical windows can be used (which is the most common strategy). This involves the correct definition of both the glazing and the shading systems as part of the façade design (side-lighting). Vertical windows can be combined and integrated with top-lighting systems (i.e. openings in the roof which enhance the zenithal daylighting of the spaces below the roof), or with core-lighting systems, i.e. light wells or luminous atria which bring top-daylight into spaces far away from the roof. These spaces cannot actually receive adequate daylight from windows alone: this is the case of small internal windowless rooms or underground interiors or backs of large spaces that are far away from any window, a typical condition in deep-plan buildings, like hospitals for instance . Nowadays, this is a research sector of increasing interest. The recent development of new high efficient optical materials has made possible the ‘daylight guidance technology’: this allows redirecting and transporting daylight over distance, through a large number of optical processes. This technology is based on the use of light pipes: these are mirror light guides with highly reflective surfaces, which are equipped with optical devices to collect skylight and sunlight falling on the horizontal upper opening and to forward it downward by multiple inter-reflections, reaching the emitting glazing at the bottom of the tube. This is a diffuser which scatters and redistributes the transported daylight across the interior space. According to this general principle, different technologies have been developed (and new ones are under development) to enhance the light transmission efficiency: the most sophisticated collectors are equipped with heliostats and sun-tracking mirrors to maximize the contribution of direct sunlight. The resulting active systems provide the best performance under clear sky conditions rather than in the presence of overcast skies. Therefore, their use is worthwhile in climates were sunny skies are predominant.
On the energy side, it is worth noting that there’s certainly a mutual connection and influence between people desires, technologies for IEQ and energy savings and the impact on the real estate market. Such connection, though, is hard to investigate. This is confirmed by the early mentioned literature on, for instance, the impact of energy performance level on Italian housing market. This represents one of the first systematic evidence about the energy certifications in the housing listing prices, due to a number of reasons. On the one hand, the legislation for the energy certification of buildings was introduced in Europe and then in Italy too recently to play a significant role in the decision making process of people who want to buy a new home. The energy performance-related dispositions were issued by the European Directives 2002/91/EC and 2010/31/EU and were then adopted by Member States at national level. As a result, the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) has been introduced as mandatory for house apartments for sale since 2012. The impact of energy performance of buildings on house prices can therefore be observed since that date. On the other hand, in the Italian real estate market, consumers’ behavior must be analyzed considering the primary role played by the listing behavior. Actually, transaction prices are not easily usable because of the difficult procedures to assess and collect data from deeds of sale. Furthermore, it must be taken into account that in Italy a market analysis must face the issue of transparency: the lack of transparency limits the analysis and makes it difficult to obtain statistically significant samples of effective sale prices. For this reason, the analysis must use listing prices with all the limitations that these represent . Listing prices and apartments characteristics are the initial, fundamental information that sellers and buyers (and analysts) can take into consideration during a first preliminary analysis. Thus, real estate advertisements can be considered the first step of a house transaction . Other instruments like questionnaires to potential users can be considered as a tool to investigate the market demand dynamics and consumers’ behavior.
In this complex context, the paper presents a study for the requalification of an industrial area in Turin, Italy: the area hosts two industrial buildings to be transformed into two residential buildings. One of them was designed by the architect Fenoglio – early 20th century - and for this reason it is appointed as listed building. To face this challenge, an approach founded on the contribution of different disciplines was adopted. This combined in synergy the expertise from architectural, social, real estate market evaluation and building physics sciences. The paper focuses on the results related to the building physics sector. A user-centered design, which relied on a sort of bottom-up approach, was pursued by the research team: the main strategies for the transformation process were defined not only to meet the architectural and building physics standard requirements, but also and especially to account for the preferences expressed by a sample of potential inhabitants. These were explored through an on-line questionnaire.
The study had three main, interconnected, goals:
The phase 2 of the research will be analyzed in detail by the authors in a dedicated paper, while the present paper focuses on the results which were obtained for phases 1 and 3.
The following sections present the methodology and the results of the study: Section 2 describes the case-study, that is the two industrial buildings transformed into residential buildings; Section 3 presents the method, with regard to the development and submission of the questionnaire (phase 1 of the research) and to the static and daylighting modeling for the daylighting design (phase 3); Section 4 shows the results which were obtained for the Fenoglio building: elaborations of the questionnaire and the concept and results of the daylighting design are presented for this building. All the results are then critically discussed in Section 5, while Section 6 contains the most outstanding conclusions which were drawn from the study, as well as the on-going and future research.
In 2008, the Turin Municipality set-up the transformation project of a former industrial area, located in in the north-east side of the town. The design area comprises two buildings:
According to the masterplan of the area, both buildings were expected to be reused and transformed into residential buildings. At a later stage of the decision-making process and of the design process, it was decided to devote one of the two buildings, the ‘Gallettificio’, to host a university student residence. The decision was based on an analysis of activities and of services located in the area and to respond to the displacement of the Faculty of Law and Human Sciences in a nearby area. As a result, an increased number of students are expected to move close this new university pole.
Figure 1 visualizes the design area and the Fenoglio building.
Figure 1
Fig. 1. (a) Aerial view of the design site and (b) an image of the ‘Gallettificio’ designed by Fenoglio.
A bottom-up approach was used, articulated into the following phases:
More details on the survey phase (definition, submission, analysis of the results) and on the daylighting design phase are given in the next sections.
Many questionnaires were consulted for comparative purposes before starting the survey (step 1 and 2 of the methodology). The most relevant were:
The questionnaire developed for the present study was given the title “House today, home tomorrow”. It was created and submitted on-line by means of Google docs. It consists of 87 items, subdivided into the following sections:
Sections 3, 4, and 5 of the questionnaires are reported in Appendix A.
It must be stressed that in this study the research team decided to apply a single survey, without making any distinction between the two buildings described in the previous section. This decision was motivated by a precise consideration: the case study referred to a preliminary phase in the ‘project life cycle’. Specifically, the briefing phase represents a preliminary step of ‘argumentation’ among the subjects involved in the project (public authorities, owners, potential residents, etc.). It is typically supported by the (first) solution developed at a preliminary scale, in the early design stage, often prior to defining the final usage of buildings to be transformed. In fact, the results of the first round of analysis could help the definition of alternative project solutions, or correct/integrate the proposed solution, avoiding increased costs to analyze and develop options that could be rejected. An in-depth survey is planned as a second phase of analysis. Distinct questionnaires will be developed, one for each alternative and agreed project solution, defined in accordance with the building usage, quantities, typologies, selling prices, etc.
In phase 4, the questionnaire was submitted to a small group of respondents, who did not participated in the final study, to point out the possible critical aspects while filling the questionnaire: unclear items, too long questions, bad response format and so on. Findings from this phase were used to inform phase 5 of the research, i.e. the creation of the final version of the questionnaire. The final questionnaire was then submitted (phase 6) to a sample of 276 participants. Seven questionnaires were then excluded due to excessive missing data, coming to a final sample of 269 participants. Main socio-demographic characteristics of the sample are shown in Table 1.
In phase 7, data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package v.21. Frequencies and means were calculated for each item and plotted. Eventually, the results were implemented in the project (phase 8).
As the ‘amount of daylight’ resulted the environmental performance rated the highest by users, the definition of the ‘optimal’ daylighting project for the two considered buildings was given a special attention. The project was based on both a ‘static’ and a ‘dynamic’, climate-based, approach. The static approach relies on the average daylight factor (DFm) concept, which is the only index prescribed by the Italian legislation: all residential spaces shall have a DFm > 2% . Besides, some protocols are nowadays commonly adopted to assess the IEQ and the energy performance of a building. For instance, according to the Italian version of the LEED , the daylight credit 8.1 is granted if ‘at least the 75% of the occupied spaces have a daylight factor value over 2%’. According to the ITHACA protocols for residential and educational buildings [25,26], 3 points or 5 points are granted if the average daylight factor is over 2.6% and over 3%, respectively. Nevertheless, it’s well known that the daylight factor definition is based on a series of simplified assumptions with respect to the real phenomenon. It actually refers to the worst-case scenario of an overcast sky and does not account for direct solar radiation, for the site latitude nor for the orientation. It is therefore unable to distinguish if the same analyzed room is located in north or south of Europe or if it is south or west or east or north oriented, due to the sky symmetry about the vertical axis, i.e. about the zenith . As a result, this metric is not representative of the actual daylight/sunlight availability within a space during the day and the course of a year and is not suitable to quantify the subsequent reduction of the building energy demand while maintaining a high IEQ. On the contrary, “to decide whether a point is daylit, it is necessary to consider all sky conditions within a given year when a space is potentially occupied” .
On the other hand, the awareness of the importance of producing buildings which are sustainable from both an energy and an IEQ viewpoint has increased. As a result, it is necessary for designers to analyze daylight within indoor spaces in more detail, with regard to both daylight/sunlight availability and visual and thermal discomfort phenomena due to the penetration of direct sun. Presently, sophisticated software and dataset of climate data for specific sites have become available. This makes it possible to address the topic of a dynamic modelling of daylight/sunlight which takes actual local lighting conditions on a year basis into account. In this context, the daylight availability over the year in a space can be quantified via the ‘Climate-Based Daylight Modeling CBDM’ approach [29,30]. This consists of a daylighting analysis based on local weather data rather than on a single condition (overcast sky). CBDM implies the calculation of the indoor illuminances at predefined time-steps, every hour or even less, and for variable periods (usually a full year, but if necessary, also for a month, a single day, etc.). This approach allows daylighting to be studied including the contribution of both direct and diffuse solar radiation, as well as their dynamic variation due to changing local climate conditions with time. Therefore, the results are useful to obtain statistical information about the daylight availability in different zones of a daylit space for a period of one year and considering a specific occupancy profile, estimating in more detail the consequent energy performance of a building. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) has recently created a Technical Committee specifically focused on the CBDM, the CIE TC 3–47 , while a Committee with similar activities and goals has been set in the US, within the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IESNA . In this context, new climate-based daylight metrics (CBDm) have been recently proposed and tested, to summarize the huge number of annual illuminance data obtained through a CBDM into synthetic performance parameters [33–35].
The CBDM approach also has some limitations: an annual simulation clearly requires the use of dedicated software and a lack of benchmark values needs to be highlighted. In this regard, it is important to observe, though, that the CBDm are starting to be included in lighting design guides and recommendations. Recently, two new CBDm have been defined and adopted by the IESNA : the spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and the Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE). The former assesses the sufficiency of annual illuminance in an interior work environment, while the latter expresses the annual glare potential. In particular, sDA300/50% is defined as “the percent of an analyzed area that meets a minimum daylight illuminance level of 300 lx for 50% of the operating hours per year”, while ASE1000,250h is defined as the “percent of an analyzed area that exceeds a specified direct beam sunlight illuminance level of 1000 lx for more than 250 hours per year”. The reference ‘direct beam sunlight’ condition accounts for glazing transmittance and excludes the blinds and the contribution from inter-reflections and from the diffuse skylight. The following criteria are provided for sDA: sDA300/50% ≥ 55% for a ‘nominally accepted daylight sufficiency’ and ≥ 75% for a ‘preferred daylight sufficiency’. Following this approach, the rating system prescribed in the “LEED BD+C: new constructions/v4” refers to the same criteria as adopted by the Approved Method LM-83. Two and three points are granted if the project guarantees a ‘nominally accepted daylight sufficiency’ or a ‘preferred daylight sufficiency’, respectively. Furthermore, an ASE1000,250h value lower than 10% of the regularly occupied space must be also guaranteed. The idea is to provide two criteria, one relative to a minimum quantity of daylight in the room (the sDA) and one to keep this daylight amount below a maximum value, to avoid potential glare (and overheating) problems (the ASE). For this reason, the two criteria should be met together. The occupancy profile for which carrying out the annual analyses is set from 8:00 am ‘till 6:00 pm per each day, which results in 3650 hours/year.
Differently, the UK Education Funding Agency for the Priority Schools Building Programme uses the UDIachieved and the DA as daylighting design criteria for teaching spaces. The UDIachieved is defined as the “percentage of the occupied times of the year when illuminances lie in a range that includes illuminance values which are considered ‘useful’, that is 100–3000 lx” [39–41], while the DA is defined as the “percent of the occupied time throughout a year when daylight illuminance alone meets the illuminance target” [42,43]. The guideline ‘Lighting Guide 5: Lighting for education’ , released by the the Society of Light and Lighting, also refers to the UDI and DA concepts. A “minimum target of 80% UDI100-3000 and a minimum target DA of 50% for each learning space, sports hall and exam area” is set in the guideline. In this case, the occupancy profile to adopt to run the annual analysis is from 8:30 am ‘till 4:00 pm.
In general, it is worth noting that the latest dynamic CBDm moved from metrics based on an average value (calculated from a grid of values spread across a space, to synthetically represent the whole space) towards metrics which rely on the spatial distribution of daylight within a room: for instance, using the sDA makes it possible to divide a space into a daylit and a non-daylit area, where the ‘daylit area’ is defined as the “area in which there is a sufficient or adequate, useful and well balanced daylight” while the ‘non-daylit area’ is “the remaining part of a space” . The same applies to the minimum UDIachieved or DA concept. Though, according to a study from Reinhart et al. with 60 architectural students, the sDA proved to reproduce the student assessments of the daylit area in the space more reliably than the other tested daylight availability metrics (such as the UDI). Anyway, these spatial metrics seem more valuable for design and of more immediate usage to practitioners than to just quote a mean DA or UDI as the level of information is more detailed.
Consistently with this cultural context, the daylighting solutions for the two residential buildings were verified through a CBDM: annual simulations were run using the Radiance-based software Daysim 3.1 and the different ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ CBDm were calculated: DFm, sDA, ASE, DAmin and UDIachieved,min. The ‘useful’ range of illuminances for the UDIachieved was considered between 100 and 3000 lx, consistently with the change recently introduced by the authors, who increased the upper illuminance threshold from 2000 lx to 3000 lx . Some of these metrics are provided as output directly by Daysim, while for some other ones, a script in Matlab was built. This allows the Daysim file containing the illuminance values throughout the year to be processed. This is the case, for instance, of the sDA. For the calculation of the ASE, a dedicated simulation was run for each analysis space, using a modified climate file, in which all diffuse irradiance values were set to zero. For the simulation, the Radiance parameter ambient bounce was set to zero (ab = 0) .
Beside all above mentioned daylighting analyses, there’s a further issue the design team needs to address to define an ‘advanced’ daylighting project: the assessment of the integration between electric and daylighting. This is necessary to calculate the building annual energy demand for lighting. This demand was introduced as a mandatory requirement by the recent Italian “National guide lines for building energy certification” and by the Presidential Decree n. 59 April 2009 , which require the calculation of the global energy performance index of a building (EPgl) as sum of four disaggregated energy performance indices: for space heating (EPh), for hot water production (EPhw), for space cooling (EPc) and for electric lighting (EPl). Unfortunately, no benchmark values have been provided yet for EPl by the Italian standards: alternatively, the design team can therefore refer to the prescription set in the Annex 45 Report , which encourages to reduce the electricity consumption of lighting to below 10 kWh/m2 per year. It should be noted, though, that such requirement refers to the whole building rather than to a single room. An example of an integrated daylighting/energy analysis is given by Reinhart et al. . According to , “lighting is the leading energy consumer (25%) in US commercial buildings ahead of space cooling (13%)”: a decrease in the energy demand for lighting, through a conscious increment of the daylight availability is therefore a priority.
The Daysim simulations were run for all the main typologies of rooms of the two buildings: for each room the illuminance values and then the CBDm were calculated for a grid of points, which covered the whole room area, excluding a 50 cm large peripheral stripe (a space typically used for furniture). A 3D model was built in AutoCAD and imported into Ecotect, to apply Radiance compatible materials, and then exported into Daysim to launch the annual simulations. Figure 2 shows an image of the model in Ecotect.
Figure 2
Fig. 2. 3D model in Ecotect with Radiance compatible materials and the calculation grid (room: common spaces).
In this section, the main results are presented, with regard to phases 1 and 3 of the research: the findings from the on-line survey are summarized first (section 4.1), to highlight the role played by daylighting in interior spaces according to users’ preferences. The definition of the daylighting strategies (section 4.2) and the results of the daylighting design are then presented in detail (section 4.3). This section focuses on the ‘Gallettificio’, the building which is to be transformed into a university student residence. The results obtained from the student survey were used to define the project and are presented here.
4.1 Results of the on-line survey
The answers expressed through the on-line questionnaire yielded a large number of results and many considerations can be drawn. All these aspects will be presented in detail in a dedicated paper. For the purpose of the present paper, we focus only on the results in terms of satisfaction with housing quality and of willingness to pay extra for IEQ and/or energy saving technologies.
The satisfaction scores expressed by users with regard to both their present and their ideal home are summarized in Fig. 3. With regard to the present home, most participants declared they were particularly satisfied with the indoor ventilation (M=8.25, SD=1.87) while the absence of architectural barriers was the item rated the least (M=5.96, SD=2.90). Aspects related to natural lighting, such as amount of daylight and orientation, were both assessed as quite satisfying (M=7.32, SD=2.18 and M=7.15, SD=2.29, respectively); furthermore, daylight was also rated as the most important aspect when considering the characteristics of an ideal home (M=8.67, SD=1.48).
Figure 3
Fig. 3. Satisfaction scores expressed with regard to (a) the current and (b) the ideal home.
In order to identify the main factors which express satisfaction with the present home, an exploratory factor analysis with an Oblimin rotation was performed on the scores obtained for all 13 environmental aspects. The analysis yielded 4 factors, which explain 67.2% of the variance of the scale. Table 2a shows the factor loadings. The four factors can be labeled as: 'luminosity', 'accessibility', 'architectural quality', and 'apartment configuration'. The item referring to the absence of noise cross loaded on both the first and the third factor: this suggests that participants may have mentally linked this item to both the noise arriving from outdoor spaces and to the architectural quality which reduces such external noise, in terms of sound insulation properties of the building envelope. The second factor, referring to ‘accessibility’, showed a relatively low reliability: this suggests that a revision of the items may be needed in the future development of the research.
Table 2
Table 2. Summary of exploratory factor analysis results for satisfaction with present home and with the ideal home.
The same analysis was conducted with regard to the ideal home. Two factors were identified, shown in Table 2b, which accounted for 57.8% of the variance. The factors can be labeled ‘architectural quality and comfort’ and ‘accessibility’. Also in this case, the factor of ‘accessibility’ showed relatively low reliability, suggesting a need to revise the items that are included.
Figure 4 shows the results on willingness to pay more for IEQ and for energy saving technologies: it can be observed that participants would be willing to pay up to 10% more in particular for comfort, but up to 25% more mainly for energy savings. Willingness to pay more for energy saving technologies and comfort showed a significant correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.466, p < 0.001), which can be interpreted as the respondents’ predisposition towards comfort and energy saving related characteristics of a dwelling. This appears a somewhat surprising finding, considering that, given the present weakness of the real estate market linked to the economical-financial crisis, a clear consumer preference towards the energy saving technologies is not currently easy to demonstrate. This may be due to the fact that Italian energy regulations and codes have recently been issued: the dispositions related to the energy performance of buildings, launched by the European Directives 2002/91/EC and 2010/31/EU and adopted by Member States at national and regional level, have made the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) a mandatory requirement for houses for sale since 2012. As a result, it seems that the sensitivity towards energy-environmental issues has still to be developed, in terms of both demand and of analysis. In this regard, literature is still scarce.
Figure 4
Fig. 4. Willingness to pay extra when buying a new home for IEQ vs. energy performance technologies.
In short, the main conclusions about the on-line survey are:
For the purpose of the paper, the study then focused on daylighting, which was the item rated highest. Daylighting was then treated as the driving force of the whole architectural project, together with other daylighting-related aspects, such as the quality of the view and size of spaces. An ‘advanced’ daylighting project was then developed: this is presented in detail in the following section.
The ‘advanced’ daylighting design concept for the ‘Gallettificio’ is presented. According to the layout which was designed for the building, the two peripheral aisles host the students’ rooms and flats, as well as the library and the study room, while the central aisle hosts the common spaces, such as a lunch/dinner area, a relax/reading area, a fitness center. The peripheral aisles are side-lit through windows whose size was not modified, as the building is listed: the single clear glazings were replaced with double pane glazings (multi-layer security extra-clear glass; gap filled with Argon; selective glazing) with the following performances: visible transmittance = τvis = 80%; solar heat gain coefficient = SHGC = 55%; thermal transmittance = U-value = 1.0 W/m2K. The central aisle is top-lit through three large square luminous atria (larger than the existing sheds), equipped with double pane glazings (multi-layer security extra-clear glass; gap filled with Argon; insulated polycarbonate) with τvis = 35%, SHGC = 45%, U-value = 1.0 W/m2K. As a result, all the spaces facing the atria (common area, library, study room) were equipped with a polycarbonate transparent wall (τvis = 55%) to increase the secondary daylight coming from the luminous atria.
Except for north-facing students’ rooms and flats, in all other spaces the windows and the luminous atria are equipped with moveable internal roller blinds (τvis = 25%). These are manually operated by users for the windows while they are automated for the atria. The roller blinds were modeled in Daysim taking advantage of the ‘simple shading system’ option: this uses blinds which block all direct sunlight and transmit 25% of all diffuse daylight. The blinds are lowered whenever irradiance over 50 W/m2 hits any point of the work plane grid and are retracted elsewhere.
Furthermore, in all rooms, photodimming sensors were installed to dim/switch off the lighting systems in response to the daylight amount in the room, in order to reduce the energy demand for electric lighting.
Table 3 summarizes the geometrical and optical characteristics of some of the spaces which were analyzed, while Fig. 5 shows rendered sections and a side view of the concept for the ‘Gallettificio’.
Table 3
Table 3. Geometrical and optical characteristics of the main spaces of the 'Gallettificio' building.
Figure 5
Fig. 5. Renders and project images of the daylighting concept developed for the ‘Gallettificio’ (a) 3D cross section of the building, (b) 3D section (endwise and crosswise) with a detailed view of one of the light wells, and (c) side view of the building.
4.3 Results of the advanced daylighting project
The results of the Gallettificio building are presented, focusing on the following rooms: two student rooms, one facing north, one facing south; two student flats, one facing north, one facing south; the library’s reading room; study room; common area.
Table 4 summarizes the values of the various static metrics and CBDm, while Figs. 6–8 visualize the values of each metric, together with the corresponding standard requirements, so as to show which rooms were able to comply.
Table 4
Table 4. Summary of the results which were obtained for some sample rooms of the Gallettificio. Note: values compliant with the standard requirement are highlighted in bold.
Figure 6
Fig. 6. Values of (a) DFm according to Italian legislation and (b) punctual DFi according to LEED-Italia 2009 for the analyzed rooms.
Figure 6(a) shows the DFm results. Two lines which represent the standard requirements are also plotted. It can be seen that DFm is greater than 2% for all the rooms except the library’s reading room, in which DFm must be over 3%. All the analyzed rooms meet the DFm > 2% requirement, but the library’s reading room fails to meet the DFm > 3% criterion. Interestingly, if the criterion required by the LEED-Italy protocol is used (Fig. 6(b)), a lower number of rooms meets the criterion: the north-facing student flat and the study room, which met the DFm criterion, are not suitable for the LEED criterion. The LEED-Italy requirement better accounts for the distribution of DF values within the space, but seems to be a stricter requirement.
Figure 7 shows the sDA300/50% and the ASE1000/250h values both in the absence and in the presence of blinds, for comparative purposes. According to the definition of these two metrics, the sDA300/50% refers to the presence of blinds, while blinds are excluded for the calculation of ASE1000/250h. Anyway, the ASE1000/250h values were calculated also in the presence of blinds, so as to assess the efficacy of blinds in controlling the sun penetration. The room exposition was also taken into account: for south-facing rooms, sDA300/50% values were shown for the case of presence of blinds only, as it is meaningless not to have blinds for expositions with the necessity of controlling the sun penetration. The case of south-facing rooms without blinds was considered for the purpose of calculating the ASE1000/250h only. For north-facing rooms, sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h values were calculated for the case of absence of blinds only: the design team may actually decide to design a north-facing room without any solar protection, as the room in principle has little problems due to the penetration of direct sun. It is also worth recalling that sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h requirements should be both met. As shown in the figure, matching sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h results yields that only few of the analyzed rooms meet both criteria: the north-facing room, the north-facing student flat and the library reading room. All the other rooms manage to meet either one of the two criteria: for instance, the south-facing flat meets the sDA300/50% criterion, but the ASE1000/250h is over the 10% limit in the absence of blinds. The ASE1000/250h criterion seems therefore more difficult to meet, compared to the sDA300/50% criterion.
Figure 7
Fig. 7. Values of (a) sDA300/50% according to LEED-US 2014 and IES LM-55 and (b) ASE1000/250h according to LEED-US 2014 and IES LM-83 occupancy profile (8:00-18:00) for the analyzed rooms.
The results obtained for DAmin and UDIachieved,min are presented in Fig. 8. Considering that these two criteria need to both met, it can be observed that this occurs for one room only: the north-facing student flat without blinds. Other rooms, such as the south-facing student room (with blinds) and the north-facing student room meet the DAmin requirement, but fail to meet the UDIachieved,min requirement. Therefore, the UDIachieved,min seems a particularly strict requirement to achieve.
Figure 8
Fig. 8. Values of (a) DAmin and (b) UDIachieved,min according to UK priority building school program occupancy profile (8:30-16:00) for the analyzed rooms.
As shown in the previous section, carrying out a daylighting analysis using the most advanced climate-based criteria is quite complex. There are different approaches and different metrics, which lead to quite different results, in terms of compliance of a daylighting solution. This complexity is concerned with several aspects, such as static approach vs. dynamic approach, legislation prescriptions vs. technical recommendations. The design team may feel in trouble when addressing the definition of conscious daylighting strategies from the earliest design stages onward. The selection of the most suitable verification procedure to adopt can be quite disorientating with the risk that the daylighting design is simply based on empirical rules (rules of thumbs).
As far as the Italian context is concerned, the design team has to refer to a legislation requirement, which is expressed in terms of DFm. It is not necessary to adopt a more advanced, climate-based approach. This may be requested, though, to participate in some public competitions: in these cases, the rules of the competition require to comply with specific protocols to assess the energy-environmental sustainability, such as the earlier mentioned Ithaca protocols. On the other hand, adopting a CBDM may be a choice of the design team to adhere to the latest advances in the daylighting research. In such a case, the design team can refer to the requirements of the recent US LEED protocol and base daylighting verifications on the combination of sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h. As an alternative option, the design team can follow the requirements of the UK Priority Schools Building Programme and rely on DAmin and UDIachieved,min: this would be suitable especially for rooms for teaching/educational activities, such as laboratories, student rooms or library’s reading rooms.
Anyway, it should be observed that the approach which is used (static vs. climate-based, or which climate metric to use) plays a crucial role in the definition of the daylighting strategies and leads to different results. As shown in previous Table 4 and Figures 6–8, the DFm criterion is less strict than CBDm criteria: in the presence of many room typologies, a higher number of rooms comply with the law DFm requirement. Nevertheless, a daylighting strategy which is able to meet the DFm requirement complies with the law but not necessarily manages to provide the best daylighting conditions. The number of compliances is lower if the punctual DFi criterion is used (rather than the DFm), as prescribed by the Italian version of the LEED 2009.
Among the CBDm group, the number of rooms able to comply with the LEED 2014 standard is lower than what observed using the DF-based criteria. But the number of compliances gets further reduced if the UK Priority Schools Building Programme is adopted, mainly due to UDIachieved,min requirement. It seems that this threshold value is particularly strict. This raises the problem of how the benchmark values were established by the committees which set the standard. Further research in this regard would be desirable.
Last, but not least, the annual energy demand for lighting (reported in Table 4), shows, as expected, an inverse proportion between the daylight amount and the electricity consumption: the consumption increases especially when blinds are used and exceeds the maximum recommended value of 10 kWh/m2/yr. Hence, it emerges that all rooms which are not able to comply with the DF-based and the CBDm criteria cannot comply with this energy requirement either. Anyway, there are also cases of rooms with a value of sDA300/50% greater than 55% (such as the reading room of the library) and with an energy demand for lighting over 10 kWh/m2/yr. The requirement concerned with the CBDm is met, while the energy requirement is not.
In general, using the sDA300/50% - ASE1000/250h or theDAmin - UDIachieved,min criterion, it seems quite complicate to find the optimal trade-off between the minimum and the maximum daylight amount in a space. Finding such trade off would guarantee a sufficiency of daylighting without the need for electric lighting and the avoidance of glare and overheating problems. This is clearly shown by the combination of sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h values: using a blind is a necessity to reduce the penetration of direct sunlight into a space, as shown by the ASE1000/250h value, but this may result in penalizing the daylight amount throughout the year, as shown by the sDA300/50% value. The selection of the most suitable blind, with an optimal visible transmittance value, becomes a crucial issue to successfully solve this trade-off.
Another aspect to highlight is that CBDm allow visualizing the portion of space which meet a requirement, unlike what could be done referring to an average value of the metric (as in the case of DFm). This information can be useful to the design team to identify the ‘daylit’ and ‘non-daylit’ areas within the considered space. As an example, Fig. 9 shows the spatial distribution of sDA values for some of the analyzed rooms: the non-daylit area (sDA300/50% < 55%) is highlighted in blue, while lighter colors depict higher values, compliant with the standard. This kind of visual representation is very informative for the design team to assess the actual penetration of daylight into a space: as pointed out by Reinhart , there’s a risk that “while it is tempting (and ultimately necessary) to group several CBDm into a single pass/fail criterion, it is still recommendable that the design team also works with a detail presentation mode that shows results for the different categories separately”. In other words, reducing the daylighting analysis to a single pass/fail criterion can turn out to provide a somewhat limited or partial view of the daylight condition of a space.
Figure 9
Fig. 9. Spatial distribution of sDA300/50% for some analyzed rooms: (a) north-facing residential room (without blinds), (b) south-residential room (with blinds), (c) study room (without blinds), (d) common spaces (with blinds).
The results shown in the previous section highlights how complex carrying out an ‘advanced’ daylight design is. Since such design is based on the results of an on-line survey, the level of complexity is even larger.
According to the authors, this study has the merit to show the importance of applying a transversal approach to a rather complex issue such as the architectural design process. This approach is founded on a synergistic contribution of different disciplines, each with its specific expertise. This is particularly true in a context in which IEQ and physical performances of a building have become a key goal to pursue. Expertise such as the building physics, the real estate, the social science (especially psychology and ergonomics) should work together with the architectural designers. The originality of the research also lies on the bottom-up approach which was adopted: the design process was aimed not only at meeting the traditional architectural requirements, such as the minimum room area or window area, distances between buildings etc., but also at implementing into the final project the people preferences about their residential place (present or ideal). The methodology was meant for the early design stage, as an initial phase in the ‘project life cycle’. It was defined with the different contributions and applied to a specific case study, which is the transformation of two historical industrial buildings into residential buildings (one of which for students). This particular context raised further difficulties for the design team as the building for student was listed by the Italian Ministry of the Cultural Heritage to preserve its valuable historical-architectural character. For this reason, it wasn’t possible to enlarge the window area to increase the daylight amount inside the building spaces. This turned out to be quite problematic for some of the analyzed rooms, such as the reading area of the library. Due to this constraint, the library was eventually moved to a different area of the building, which presented a better daylight penetration.
The methodology presented in the paper is meant to be general: it showed actually good potential in this application and should be adopted more extensively in the design practice, as it really accounts for the people wishes. For any transformation or new building project, the individual preferences of occupants should be the core of the whole process, from the starting point to the end use, so as to realize a ‘user-centered’ approach for any kind of building.
As far as the second part of the study is concerned, that is the development of an advanced daylighting design, it should be observed that the obtained results are not meant to contribute to any advances in the daylight design approach. This wasn’t, actually, the purpose of the paper. The goal and the originality of the work was concerned with having applied to a real project the latest proposed/standardized CBDm. Results highlighted how using an approach (and a set of metrics) rather than another may lead to meaningfully different daylight conditions. It is also worth noting, though, that all these metrics are not mandatory yet in Italy. They can be considered as good recommendations, but they don’t have the power of a legislation constraint (yet). The Italian legislation is still bound to the obsolete concept of the DFm. As shown in previous sections, the amount of daylight in a room, and thus the daylighting strategies which rely on this, are highly influenced by the approach (static or dynamic, climate-based) which is adopted. Using CBDm results in a lower number of standard compliances, especially when shading systems are installed (such as a Venetian blind). This is a crucial aspect particularly for east, south and west-facing rooms. As a matter of fact, this belongs to an even broader problem: in the current architectural practice, the daylighting analysis is reduced to a mere verification of the window-to-floor ratio (WFR), which must be higher than 1/8 (i.e. 0.125). This is the criterion used for window sizing: but this is basically a ventilation requirement, which cannot be considered a daylighting criterion. In these cases, the analysis process does not even include the verification of the DFm. The authors strongly encourage that even in Italy the legislation code moves towards a CBDM so as to allow the design team to carry out a more appropriate daylighting design. The CBDm and the corresponding requirements (in terms of sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h, or of DAmin and UDIachieved,min) offer a higher accuracy also because they are not based on an average value, calculated from the distribution of values across the space, but on the distribution of values itself. With the sDA, a point in a space can be qualified as “daylit” if the daylight autonomy is above 50%: this makes it possible to divide a space into a daylit and a non-daylit area. The same applies to the minimum UDIachieved or DA concept.
Anyway, it should also be observed that all the results which were obtained in this study are referred to an occupancy profile typical for offices (8:00–18:00) or for schools (8:30–16:00). However, students' dwellings are surely occupied in very different, hard to predict, time intervals, including hours in late evening. Other hypotheses about occupancy profile could strongly change the CBDm values. For the particular case of dwelling, a variety of occupancy profiles should be adopted and compared to better describe the daylighting conditions in the different spaces.
It should also be stressed that there is a relevant difference depending on which set of CBDm is used. First of all, the application field: DAmin and UDIachieved,min prescribed as mandatory requirements by the UK Priority Schools Building Programme apply to educational spaces, such as learning rooms, sports halls and exam areas. Differently, sDA300/50% and ASE1000/250h introduced by the IESNA and by the US LEED BC+C should be applied to new constructions, schools, retail, data centers, warehouses and distribution centers, hospitality, healthcare buildings, thus representing an approach with a general validity. Secondly and even more important, the two approaches rely on two different combinations of metrics, which are inherently different: this difference results in relevant discrepancies as for the acceptability of a daylighting solution, as shown in Table 4 and Figs. 6–8. Finally, the threshold values set to define the compliance of a solution are different: in this regard, it seems that especially the UDIachieved,min requirement is particularly strict and hard to comply with. This was observed for all the analyzed spaces of the ‘Gallettificio’ building (even if in the “Results” section a selection of sample spaces is presented only). A further research to define the most appropriate benchmark values for different building usages seems therefore appropriate.
Another aspect to point out is that the study is mainly focused on the daylighting aspects, in terms of daylight amount and of visual comfort in the analyzed residential spaces. The technologies and the design options which were implemented in the project were also aimed at minimizing the heat losses in winter as well as the solar gains in summer, so as to prevent the overheating of the spaces. Nevertheless, the approach was not based on an integrated visual-thermal analysis, able to couple Daysim with other energy simulations tools, such as Energy Plus. This kind of integrated analysis will be performed in the next future, using the package Diva-for-Rhino, which enables using both Daysim and Energy Plus.
The study presented in the paper must be considered as a first result of a “pilot study”, that the authors are going to develop further starting from the limitations of present outcomes. The main limits are:
This paper presented the results of a thorough study on an advanced daylighting project for the transformation of two historical buildings in Turin, Italy. The results from on an on-line survey filled by almost 300 participants showed that the issue ‘amount of daylight’ was the aspect rated the highest with regard to an ideal home. Therefore, the daylighting project was considered the driving force of the whole architectural intervention. The methodology adopted for this research relied on a bottom-up approach, which first investigated the user preferences through an on-line survey and then aimed at implementing them into the architectural project.
The most meaningful results of the research can be summarized as follows:
This research work is not considered as completed by the authors, but still on-going: the future activities concern the whole methodology, with regard to both the on-line survey, the analysis of the impact on the real estate market and the CBDm to carry out an advanced daylight/electric lighting integrated design. As for the on-line survey, it is planned to further revise and optimize the questionnaire, based on the findings from this study. It must be stressed that the revised survey will be defined in accordance with the final project briefing solutions, and will be distinguished for the different buildings involved in the project.
Furthermore, the revision of the questionnaire will be based on the findings from a specific questionnaire defined in cooperation with the Turin Real Estate Market Observatory (TREMO). This future survey will allow taking into consideration the answers of a larger number of participants belonging to all categories and thus representing the full population. The on-line survey will be managed in cooperation with TREMO, starting from the present version of the questionnaire, properly revised.
As for the price formation, this will be analyzed through the Hedonic price models, with the aim of determining the importance of specific characteristics in explaining property prices. The physical-technical variables representative of the building energy performance (and potential savings) will be included, to better investigate how they influence the asset value. Special attention will be paid to analyze the owners/users perception about the advantages of technologies in terms of environmental and economic sustainability.
As for the advanced daylighting/electric lighting integrated project, the CBDm will be applied to other real projects, so as to extend the building typologies and to build a more robust database of results.
Specifically, during the on-going research, the methodology will be replicated considering:
V. R.M. Lo Verso conceived the project (together with Elena Fregonara) and coordinated the research team. He carried out all the daylighting analyses, including the definition of the concept of an advanced daylighting design, the Radiance-Daysim simulations and the interpretation of the daylight results. He also wrote the manuscript. E. Fregonara conceived the project (together with V. R.M. Lo Verso). She carried out the analyses concerned with the real estate market and she cooperated with F. Caffaro in performing and interpreting statistical analyses on the on-line survey. F. Caffaro cooperated with E. Fregonara in performing and interpreting the statistical analyses on the on-line survey. C. Morisano and G. Maria Peirettid carried out the architectural project, did the rendering and the architectural tables and managed the on-line questionnaire, assembling all the collected data for the subsequent statistical analyses. The on-line questionnaire was developed by all the authors through a synergistic work.
Copyright © 2014 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. | https://solarlits.com/jd/1-36 |
The Dubai Film and TV Commission (DFTC) strives to establish Dubai and the UAE as the premier filming destination for local and around the globe productions. It assists productions in Dubai by serving as a one-stop shop for producers, crews and filmmakers to ensure that filming in Dubai is as easy and efficient as possible.
It promotes productions across a range of mediums, including film, television, corporate videos, advertisements, online content and other new media.
DFTC is the sole entity authorized to issue shooting permits in Dubai for the purpose of media production – whether on public or private property. DFTC provides a single point of contact to obtain permits and does so through the Location Approval Services (LAS) office. Since 2005, LAS has facilitated 6,000 shooting applications.
DFTC liaises with other government entities such as the General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs-Dubai, Dubai Municipality, Dubai Police, and the Roads and Transport Authority, as well as with location owners, to obtain all necessary approvals before issuing permits.
Well aware of the role of cost in production decision making, DFTC is always available to discuss, on a case-by-case basis, ways to reduce the cost of filming in Dubai and provide financial incentives, whether through special arrangement with key industry partners, licensing and fee rebates, or negotiations with service providers.
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Six times Olympic medalist, world record sprint holder (100m, 200m, 4x100m), Usain Bolt was elected the sportsman of the year on the night of Monday to Tuesday to the Laureus Awards.
This ceremony awards since 2000 the best athletes of the year was held at the Theatro Municipal in Rio de Janeiro. Triple gold medalist at the 2012 London Olympics, Bolt (26) is the first athlete to retain his Olympic titles in sprint.
The Jamaican succeeds the world number 1 ranking in tennis, Novak Djokovic.
For the women, it is the British-Jamaican, Jessica Ennis (27) the Olympic champion in the heptathlon, who was awarded the prize.
For his “exceptional career”, the swimmer Michael Phelps has received an honorary prize. The American won 6 medals in the Olympic pool in London, bringing the number of Olympic medals at 22 (a record), including 18 golds. | https://en.africatopsports.com/2013/03/12/laureus-awards-bolt-ennis-athletes-of-the-year/ |
Ambulances across Ireland are being forced to wait for almost 60 minutes on average - almost twice the HSE target - at hospitals before unloading a patient getting back on the road.
Turnaround times involve the amount of time from the ambulance arrival time to when the crew declares the readiness of the ambulance to accept another call.
Information obtained under the Freedom of Information Act revealed that the average national ambulance service (NAS) turnaround times increased at the majority of hospitals in Ireland between January and September last year, with 94% of hospitals experiencing average turnaround times longer than the HSE target time of 30 minutes.
Nationally, the average turnaround time increased from 44 minutes in January last year to 55 minutes in September.
Stephen McMahon, co-founder of the patient rights and safety advocacy group the Irish Patients Association (IPA), said, “The average turnaround time now is almost double the NAS targets and what the ambulance fleet size is planned for.
“If the fleet is planned for a 30-minute average turnaround but is experiencing almost 60 minute turnaround times, that means its effectiveness has been halved."
Mr McMahon added that such lengthy turnaround times in hospitals “must be having an impact on patient welfare”.
“Waits of that length of time have to create a pressure on emergency response resources which in turn creates a danger for the public, in times of emergency for them,” he said.
“We know from our sources that the longest wait times for ambulances last year occurred in Kerry and Letterkenny, where some patients experienced waits of up to nine hours.
“The fact that ambulance crews are struggling to drop patients off at hospital emergency departments due to overcrowding at hospitals is surely having an impact on these long waiting times and patient safety.”
The HSE data shows that University Hospital Kerry boasted the longest turnaround time in January 2021 at one hour and five minutes, and again in September 2021 at one hour and 29 minutes.
Cork University Hospital, Mercy University Hospital St Luke’s Hospital in Kilkenny, South Tipperary General and Wexford General also saw their average turnaround times surpass the hour mark in September 2021.
Just two hospitals - Temple Street and Tallaght - recorded average turnaround times lower than the HSE target of 30 minutes in September last year.
A spokesperson for The HSE said: “Emergency Departments always prioritise and treat the sickest patients first, by means of a standardised and well validated process known as triage.
“This means that patients requiring less urgent care may have to wait longer times to be seen and this includes patients who arrive by ambulance, not requiring emergency and urgent care.
“Emergency Department staff work collaboratively with colleagues in the National Ambulance Service to ensure all patients receive the emergency care they require by both ambulance and ED staff.
Lunchtime News Wrap
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Minnaar, C., Boyles, J. G., Minnaar, I. A., Sole, C. L., McKechnie, A. E., & McKenzie, A. (2014). Stacking the odds: light pollution may shift the balance in an ancient predator-prey arms race. J Appl Ecol, 52(2), 522–531.
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Abstract: 1. Artificial night lighting threatens to disrupt strongly conserved light-dependent processes in animals and may have cascading effects on ecosystems as species interactions become altered. Insectivorous bats and their prey have been involved in a nocturnal, co-evolutionary arms race for millions of years. Lights may interfere with anti-bat defensive behaviours in moths, and disrupt a complex and globally ubiquitous interaction between bats and insects, ultimately leading to detrimental consequences for ecosystems on a global scale.
2. We combined experimental and mathematical approaches to determine effects of light pollution on a free-living bat–insect community. We compared prey selection by Cape serotine bats Neoromicia capensis in naturally unlit and artificially lit conditions using a manipulative field experiment, and developed a probabilistic model based on a suite of prey-selection factors to explain differences in observed diet.
3.Moth consumption by N. capensis was low under unlit conditions (mean percentage volume ± SD: 5·91 ± 6·25%), while moth consumption increased sixfold (mean percentage volume ± SD: 35·42 ± 17·90%) under lit conditions despite a decrease in relative moth abundance. Predictive prey-selection models that included high-efficacy estimates for eared-moth defensive behaviour found most support given diet data for bats in unlit conditions. Conversely, models that estimated eared-moth defensive behaviour as absent or low found more support given diet data for bats in lit conditions. Our models therefore suggest the increase in moth consumption was a result of light-induced, decreased eared-moth defensive behaviour.
4. Policy implications. In the current context of unyielding growth in global light pollution, we predict that specialist moth-eating bats and eared moths will face ever-increasing challenges to survival through increased resource competition and predation risk, respectively. Lights should be developed to be less attractive to moths, with the goal of reducing effects on moth behaviour. Unfortunately, market preference for broad-spectrum lighting and possible effects on other taxa make development of moth-friendly lighting improbable. Mitigation should therefore focus on the reduction of temporal, spatial and luminance redundancy in outdoor lighting. Restriction of light inside nature reserves and urban greenbelts can help maintain dark refugia for moth-eating bats and moths, and may become important for their persistence.
Keywords: Ecology; animals; bats; insects; predation; Neoromicia capensis; moths; Cape serotine bat; co-evolution; eared moth; Lepidoptera; predator–prey interactions; prey selection
|Robertson, B. A., Keddy-Hector, I. A., Shrestha, S. D., Silverberg, L. Y., Woolner, C. E., Hetterich, I., et al. (2018). Susceptibility to ecological traps is similar among closely related taxa but sensitive to spatial isolation. Animal Behaviour, 135, 77–84.|
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Swaddle, J. P., Francis, C. D., Barber, J. R., Cooper, C. B., Kyba, C. C. M., Dominoni, D. M., et al. (2015). A framework to assess evolutionary responses to anthropogenic light and sound. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30(9), 550â560.
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Abstract: Human activities have caused a near-ubiquitous and evolutionarily-unprecedented increase in environmental sound levels and artificial night lighting. These stimuli reorganize communities by interfering with species-specific perception of time-cues, habitat features, and auditory and visual signals. Rapid evolutionary changes could occur in response to light and noise, given their magnitude, geographical extent, and degree to which they represent unprecedented environmental conditions. We present a framework for investigating anthropogenic light and noise as agents of selection, and as drivers of other evolutionary processes, to influence a range of behavioral and physiological traits such as phenological characters and sensory and signaling systems. In this context, opportunities abound for understanding contemporary and rapid evolution in response to human-caused environmental change. | http://alandb.darksky.org/search.php?sqlQuery=SELECT%20author%2C%20title%2C%20type%2C%20year%2C%20publication%2C%20abbrev_journal%2C%20volume%2C%20issue%2C%20pages%2C%20keywords%2C%20abstract%2C%20thesis%2C%20editor%2C%20publisher%2C%20place%2C%20abbrev_series_title%2C%20series_title%2C%20series_editor%2C%20series_volume%2C%20series_issue%2C%20edition%2C%20language%2C%20author_count%2C%20online_publication%2C%20online_citation%2C%20doi%2C%20serial%2C%20area%20FROM%20refs%20WHERE%20keywords%20RLIKE%20%22evolution%22%20ORDER%20BY%20first_author%2C%20author_count%2C%20author%2C%20year%2C%20title&client=&formType=sqlSearch&submit=Cite&viewType=Print&showQuery=0&showLinks=0&showRows=5&rowOffset=&wrapResults=1&citeOrder=&citeStyle=APA&exportFormat=RIS&exportType=html&exportStylesheet=&citeType=html&headerMsg= |
3) Grinding, fabrication, loading etc.
Characteristic
1) Superior filtering performance using high-grade filter
2) Ear loop type
3) Disposable
4) Low dust emission from this mask
5) Good breathability
Test Report :
This test report called " Latex Particle Challenge " was carried out by Nelson Laboratories, USA. This mask, FS type, carried out a procedure in order to evaluate the non-viable particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of the test article. The test was conducted in an ISO Class 5 (class 100) HEPA filtered hood. The inlet air to the test system was filtered through a 0.2 μm rated air filter.The procedure employed the basic particle filtration method descirbed in ASTM F2299, with some exceptions; notable the procedure incorporated a non-neutralized challenge. In real use, particles carry a charge, thus this challenge represents a more natural state. The non-neutralized aerosol is also specified in the FDA guidance document on surgical face masks. All test method acceptance criteria were met :
Test Side : Outside
Area Tested : 91.5 cm²
Particle Size : 0.1 μm (0.102 ±0.003 μm )
Labroatory Conditions : 20°C, 24% relative humidity (RH) at 1053; 21°C, 23% RH at 1217
Average Filtration Efficiency : 95.9%
Standard Deviation : 0.252
Photos :
From inside :
Outside :
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About this Research Topic
Actinobacteria (Actinomycetes) represent one of the largest and most diverse phyla among Bacteria. The remarkable diversity is displayed by various lifestyles, distinct morphologies, a wide spectrum of physiological and metabolic activities, as well as genetics. Interestingly, most Actinobacteria have a high GC-content (ranging from 51% to >70%) and belong to Gram-positive or Gram-variable type microbes. Many species are well known for large genomes which may be of linear style as in case of rhodococci or circular. Many of those harbor linear megaplasmids as a kind of genetic storage device. Frequently gene redundancy is reported and in most cases the evolutionary history or a functional role remains enigmatic.
Nevertheless these large genomes and megaplasmids provide access to a number of potential (homologous) biocatalysts which await elucidation. Actinobacteria are well known for their biotechnological potential which is exemplarily described for amino acid producing Corynebacteria, secondary metabolite producing Streptomyces, pathogenic targets as Nocardia and Mycobacteria, carotenoid building Micrococcus strains, acid fermenting Propionibacteria, health and food related Bifidobacterium strains, rubber degrading Gordonia species, and organic pollutant degrading rhodococci among others.
In many cases individual pathways or enzymes can be modified or recombinantly employed for biocatalysis. Even some genetic tools to work directly in those microbes have been successfully used as for example in Corynebacterium or in Rhodococcus species. During the last decade more and more genomes have been sequenced and made available for data mining and become accessible by state of the art genomic manipulation methods as minimal genomes, knock-out or artificial evolution.
With respect to this large and ancient phylum many questions can be asked either from a scientific or industrial point of view. In order to provide some crystallization points we like to raise some examples as follows. How small can be an actinobacterial genome? What is the driving force to comprise large and repetitive genomes/megaplasmids? What is needed to generate an actinobacterial power house for industry? Can we annotate novel biocatalysts from scratch and improve functional annotation? What are common and different features with respect to other bacteria and/or fungi? How many novel antibiotics are hidden among Actinobacteria? Is there more potential among extremophile members or are they only specialized?
Here especially the production of natural compounds is of high interest.
Keywords: Actinomycetes, functional annotation, high GC genetics, novel biocatalysts, extremophile Actinobacteria
Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. | https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/5513/actinobacteria-a-source-of-biocatalytic-tools |
Our Client is a microfinance organization that provide loans and other non-financial services to rural smallholder farmers and micro entrepreneurs in Kenya.
Marketing Manager
Main Purpose of this Position: Designing, implementing and monitoring the marketing strategy and plans through market research, innovation, product development, market activation and impact assessment to create brand awareness & equity to grow market share in line with the business strategy.
Responsibilities
- Designing, implementing and monitoring the marketing strategy, operating policies & processes to achieve business objectives.
- Developing Marketing plans to actualize the marketing strategy.
- Developing the Marketing Activation initiatives to create brand awareness and visibility and increase market share of the company.
- Planning and coordinating the market research and intelligence activities to create brand insight and facilitate decision making.
- Leading in the innovation of new products and services, ideas generation, and realigning the existing ones to match the current market needs and keep ahead of the industry.
- Overseeing the designing, production and distribution of marketing and branding materials for use in promotions.
- Designing the communication strategy to enhance the brand identity, uniqueness, value proposition, standardization and visibility for uptake and brand loyalty.
- Documenting activities and carrying out impact assessment of products and services offered to customers and communicating to the leadership team.
- Planning and managing corporate social responsibility activities and reporting their impact.
- Managing and monitoring the Company website and online marketing initiatives including overseeing initiatives in line with marketing plan.
- Preparing, conducting, analyzing and communicating customer satisfaction survey results to management for decision making.
- Preparing and monitoring the marketing activities budgetary allocations
- Responsible for talent management including coaching, mentoring, developing, motivating, training and evaluating staff to achieve highest levels of performance
Qualifications
- Minimum of 5 years’ work experience in a microfinance as marketing manager /officer
- Degree in Marketing / PR/ Communication
- Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) Membership – MSK
How to Apply
Suitable candidates can apply by sending detailed resumes to [email protected].
The email subject should read Marketing Manager
The deadline for application for this position is 30th May 2019. | https://www.jobsinkenya.co.ke/2019/05/microfinance-marketing-manager-job-in-kenya/ |
To improve energy efficiency—during new buildings design or during a building retrofit—evaluating the energy savings potential of energy conservation measures (ECMs) is a critical task. In building retrofits, occupant behavior significantly impacts building energy use and is a leading factor in uncertainty when determining the effectiveness of retrofit ECMs. Current simulation-based assessment methods simplify the representation of occupant behavior by using a standard or representative set of static and homogeneous assumptions ignoring the dynamics, stochastics, and diversity of occupant's energy-related behavior in buildings. The simplification contributes to significant gaps between the simulated and measured actual energy performance of buildings.
This study presents a framework for quantifying the impact of occupant behaviors on ECM energy savings using building performance simulation. During the first step of the study, three occupant behavior styles (austerity, normal, and wasteful) were defined to represent different levels of energy consciousness of occupants regarding their interactions with building energy systems (HVAC, windows, lights and plug-in equipment). Next, a simulation workflow was introduced to determine a range of the ECM energy savings. Then, guidance was provided to interpret the range of ECM savings to support ECM decision making. Finally, a pilot study was performed in a real building to demonstrate the application of the framework. Simulation results show that the impact of occupant behaviors on ECM savings vary with the type of ECM. Occupant behavior minimally affects energy savings for ECMs that are technology-driven (the relative savings differ by less than 2%) and have little interaction with the occupants; for ECMs with strong occupant interaction, such as the use of zonal control variable refrigerant flow system and natural ventilation, energy savings are significantly affected by occupant behavior (the relative savings differ by up to 20%). The study framework provides a novel, holistic approach to assessing the uncertainty of ECM energy savings related to occupant behavior, enabling stakeholders to understand and assess the risk of adopting energy efficiency technologies for new and existing buildings. | https://buildings.lbl.gov/publications/framework-quantifying-impact-occupant |
Sleep is particularly sensitive to the presence of physiological or psychological disorder. Thus, secondary insomnia is often seen in tandem with a wide variety of conditions such as respiratory disorders, anxiety, or depression.5 In some cases, poor habits of sleep hygiene or sleep behaviors may become established during the course of a precipitating illness and endure after the illness has been successfully treated. At this point, many individuals are left with chronic sleep difficulties and may seek treatment from health care professionals.
According to a 1993 report to the US Congress by the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research, insomnia is undiagnosed and untreated in an estimated 95% of cases, in part because health care professionals receive little or no training in its management. Problems may be further compounded by a lack of secondary services to which patients could be referred.
Treatment
At present, benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed treatment for insomnia, and while studies support their short-term efficacy, they are contraindicated for use beyond 4 weeks.6 The potential side effects include dependence, tolerance, altered sleep stages, daytime hangovers, and rebound insomnia. While more recent, nonbenzodiazepine medications, such as zopiclone or zolpidem, are believed to be less harmful, their efficacy and safety over the longer term have yet to be established.7
Instead, studies suggest that the treatment of choice for chronic insomnia should be cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).8 CBT involves identifying and changing dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep and modifying behaviors that contribute to sleep loss. A sizeable literature has developed over the years in support of this approach, with more than 50 controlled studies supporting its clinical efficacy. Meta-analyses report significant effect sizes for improvements in sleep latency (0.87), duration of wakenings (0.65), and sleep quality (0.94).9 Somewhat surprisingly, in view of these findings, the impact of CBT for insomnia on primary health care has been relatively limited.
The reasons for this may be severalfold. As previously mentioned, few primary care medical staff will have a specialist knowledge of the psychological literature on sleep disorders; even if they have an awareness, it is unlikely that they will possess the necessary depth of knowledge to implement an effective treatment program. Referral to a psychologist may also not provide a solution, since few psychologists have a special interest in sleep, and may be in short supply. Finally, there is a tendency for the doctor/patient relationship to raise the patients expectations of receiving medication.
In order for CBT to realize its potential as an alternative to the prescription of sleeping pills, it must be available in a format that can be implemented on a wide scale, be available rapidly at a local level, and be cost-effective. Unless these issues are addressed, CBT for insomnia may remain a paradoxical treatmenteffective for many patients, yet available to few.
Providing Alternatives
One possible means of overcoming this problem is through the use of self-help treatments. Mimeault and Morin10 reported changes in sleep variables for 54 insomniacs treated through a 6-week bibliotherapy self-help program. Patients were provided with a series of six treatment books at weekly intervals. Half the patients also received a weekly, 15-minute telephone consultation with a psychologist. Improvements in total wake time and sleep efficiency were significant either with or without the minimal weekly involvement of a therapist.
Beyond Mimeault and Morins study, the literature on self-help is limited, and, admittedly, this approach yields slightly lower improvements than those seen with a therapist-led approach.9 However, for straightforward cases, without complicating factors, and where the insomnia does not appear to be intractable, bibliotherapy appears to be a promising avenue for exploration.
For those patients with more complex difficulties, or for whom insomnia has been intractable for many years, a therapist-led treatment may be the only solution. The difficulty with this solution, as previously stated, is finding the therapists to treat the patients. However, more widespread training of primary health care staff, with psychological backup available on a consultancy basis, may provide a solution to this shortage.
The Sleep Clinic
In 2001, Espie et al11 published the results of a large-scale controlled study investigating the efficacy of such an approach. In their study, health visitors (trained primary care nurses who deal mainly with health issues in the community) administered a 6-week sleep clinic program of CBT for chronic insomnia.
Therapist training for the sleep clinic took the form of 2 days of intensive instruction with several health visitors in each cohort. Following this training, therapists had the opportunity to serve an apprenticeship by becoming participant observers in ongoing treatments before taking responsibility for their own patients.
The CBT treatment was administered to small groups (of up to six patients) attending six 50-minute sessions, thus requiring an average of around 1 hour of health visitor time per patient. The therapy delivered by the health visitors was highly manualized and took a didactic approach to treatment.
In total, 139 patients from the southwest area of Scotland were recruited and treated. Participants were selected on the basis of having severe and long-standing sleep problems, and were recruited via general practitioners as consecutive presentations at surgery or from repeat prescription lists. Patients were randomly assigned to either a CBT group, or a waiting list control.
After 12 months, CBT patients showed significant, maintained improvements in self-report measurements of sleep quality including reduced sleep onset latency and wakefulness during the night and increased total sleep time. Reductions in sleeplessness for the average patient were substantial, amounting to 60 minutes per night, and two-thirds of our patients were clinically improved, no longer meeting criteria for a sleep disorder, and sleeping within normal limits. Of the 59 patients initially on hypnotics, 50 (84%) had successfully withdrawn at the 1-year follow-up. Of particular note is the lack of contraindications with this treatment program. Patients responded equally well, regardless of medication status or demographic profile prior to entry into treatment.12
The findings of this study are important on several levels. First, it demonstrates that a fairly rapid training program, in combination with a manualized program and minimal psychologist backup, may enable health care professionals (without previous psychological training) to provide effective treatment for insomnia. Furthermore, the successful use of a group format further reinforces its application as a cost-effective remedy.
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|Table 1. Contents of the sleep clinics treatment sessions.
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The Second Sleep Clinic
A randomized-controlled trial is currently under way at the University of Glasgow to examine the implementation of the sleep clinic on a wider scale. The number of treatment sessions have been reduced to five (Table 1), and various different grades of primary care nurses are being trained. An objective measure of sleep change (by means of wrist actigraphy) in patients is being taken, in addition to the traditional, subjective measures. Formal evaluation of the health/economic cost of the sleep clinic is also being made in order to explore whether this approach will incur any additional costs to health care providers. By this approach, we seek to answer whether nurse-delivered CBT for insomnia will provide the solution to the paradox of an effective treatment that is unavailable to patients.
Conclusion
At present, the evidence suggests that by far, the most effective treatment for chronic insomnia is CBT. The difficulty comes in actually delivering this treatment to patients. Health care staff may not be trained in sleep disorders, and furthermore, the resources for onward referral of patients, such as clinical psychologists trained in CBT for insomnia, may not even be present. As such, it appears that examining other methods for delivering this treatment to patients is appropriate.
At present, self-help treatment appears to be a promising direction, although the literature on this area is small and may be suitable only for the relatively straightforward cases of insomnia that present. Another alternative means is the training of primary care nurses in CBT for insomnia. From the large-scale trial conducted in Scotland, this appears to be an effective solution. The trial currently under way in our department will add evidence to this case, and evaluate, more fully, the economic impact of implementing the sleep clinic in primary care.
Kenneth M.A. MacMahon, MA, PhD, is a research fellow working on CBT for insomnia in the Department of Psychological Medicine; and Colin A. Espie, MA, PhD, is professor of clinical psychology and head of the Department of Psychological Medicine, both at the University of Glasgow, Scotland.
References
1. Bixler EO, Kales A, Soldatos CR, Kales JD, Healey B. Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;136:1257-1262.
2. Foley DJ, Monjan AA, Brown SL, et al. Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep. 1995;18:425-433.
3. Ford DE, Kamerow DB. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. JAMA. 1989;262:1479-1484.
4. Morin CM, Mimeault V, Gagne A. Nonpharmacological treatment of late-life insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 1999;46:103-116.
5. Brabbins CJ, Dewey ME, Copeland JRM, et al. Insomnia in the elderly: prevalence, gender differences, and relationships with morbidity and mortality. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1993;8:473-480.
6. Kupfer DJ, Reynolds CF. Current concepts: management of insomnia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:341-346.
7. Wagner J, Wagner ML. Non-benzodiazepines for the treatment of insomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4:551-581.
8. Edinger JD, Wohlgemuth WK. The significance and management of persistent primary insomnia: the past, present and future of behavioral insomnia therapies. Sleep Med Rev. 1999;3:101-118.
9. Morin CM, Hauri PJ, Espie CA, Spielman AJ, Buysse DJ, Bootzin RR. Nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine review. Sleep. 1999;8:1134-1156.
10. Mimeault V, Morin CM. Self-help treatment for insomnia: bibliotherapy with and without professional guidance. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67:511-519.
11. Espie CA, Inglis SJ, Tessier S, Harvey L. The clinical effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic insomnia: implementation and evaluation of a sleep clinic in general medical practice. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39:45-60.
12. Espie C, Inglis S, Harvey L. Predicting clinically significant response to cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia in general medical practice: analyses of outcome data at 12 months posttreatment. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:58-66. | https://sleepreviewmag.com/sleep-treatments/behavioral-sleep-medicine/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/multiple-delivery-methods-for-treating-insomnia/ |
Anthony Williams Jr
Anthony L. Williams Jr (born c. 1981 in Birmingham) is a freelance designer and a former contestant on season 7 of "Project Runway", a television show which pit aspiring fashion designers against each other in judged competitions.
Williams is the son of Stephanie D. Williams and a first cousin of Birmingham Police Chief A. C. Roper. He grew up in the Cooper Green Homes and Loveman Village public housing projects and in Titusville and was interested in fashion design since childhood. He attended Elyton Elementary School and Washington Middle School before graduating from Minor High School. He worked as a bridal consultant at David's Bridal before enrolling in the fashion program at the University of Alabama. He financed his education by making and selling prom and party dresses and founded the program's "Rock the Runway" student fashion show before he graduated in 2007 with a bachelor of arts in apparel and textile design. His thesis collection, entitled "Aurora Borealis" for the crystal of the same name, features a pastel palette and elaborate necklines, often studded with crystals.
Williams has worked as a salesman at Neiman Marcus in Atlanta, Georgia, supporting his mother who has had health problems. He now works as a freelance designer with a showroom in Atlanta's Inman Park neighborhood. He hopes in the future to become an official gown designer for the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants. His "Shamala" collection was produced in 2008 for the CP Fusao boutique in Atlanta's Buckhead district. It was also inspired by jewel tones, using rich-colored charmeuse and organza to elaborate on aesthetic inspiration from India.
During the course of Project Runway, Williams was nearly eliminated twice early in the season, but rebounded by winning a week five challenge to design a dress for Heidi Klum to wear on the cover of Marie Claire magazine. He was eliminated from the show in week 10 of the series, finishing in 7th place among 16 contestants. He was invited to return after the departure of another contestant, but was eliminated on the same week.
After leaving the program, Williams returned to his own showroom. He accepted offers to blog for Lifetime.com and to design costumes for the VH1 sitcom "Drop Dead Dive", centering on a group of single women in Atlanta.
The gown worn by Dianne Bentley to her husband's inaugural ball was one of Williams' designs.
Williams created styles for VH1's Single Ladies and in 2012 appeared on the show as himself. | https://www.bhamwiki.com/w/Anthony_Williams_Jr |
But the place hides secrets, and as she tries to acclimatise to her new life, Sam soon discovers that her nightmare is only just beginning. In this exclusive extract from the new edition of the Guide to Writing for Children & YA, author Linda Strachan discusses writing for younger… As YA author Laura Powell releases Witch Fire, the highly-anticipated https://www.theresearchgopop.com/ sequel to Burn Mark, she provides valuable insight into one of writing’s great… Then again, imagine if that moment of paralysing fear wasn’t short lived but instead lasted hour upon hour as the ordeal continued. The Young Classical Artists Trust is delighted to announce the addition of twelve musicians to its sought-after roster of young artists.
Genre conventions emerge from the interaction between writers and readers in a fluid process that constantly shifts the boundaries of genres (Halliday 1978; Halliday & Hasan 1985; Chandler 2000; Wilkins 2005). Despite this, the ways in which writers use genre as a tool in the writing process has been largely overlooked in favour of exploring the role of readers and publishers in genre creation (Chandler 2000; Gaiman & Ishiguro 2015). While on first glance this article appears to more closely resemble traditional academic writing, there is nothing to prevent readers from examining this article under a creative writing lens . Doing so may influence a shift in the boundaries and social contexts which divide traditional scholarly writing and creative writing as scholarly output, and the ways in which these works are constructed. In my creative work, genre is always a consideration somewhere in the writing process. When targeting writing to a particular publication, genre conventions inform the way I construct my ideas on the page.
- Genre is not only a labelling system designed for readers, but an important part of text creation for writers.
- The genre choice a writer makes is always also an expression of a certain point of view, because genre films are more about the ‘how’ – the realisation – rather than the ‘what’ – the content.
- It is important to remember that genre refers to the type of story being told and not the style used to tell it.
- There is much more to it than this and not all texts will conform to such a neat structure.
- “When the DramaWiki is going to include prose specific elements it will become easier for beginning writers to access the software as some content specific aspects of various features will become more accessible.”
There’s a stone cold killer out there, and nobody seems able to stop him. It was 17 months ago that The Bloodsmith butchered his first victim and the police are rapidly running out of ideas. With the https://www.wikipedia.org/ media on her back and the bosses baying for a result, DS Lucy McVeigh has quite enough on her plate – but then Benedict Strachan, just 11 when he hunted down and killed a homeless man, is released.
Selected Artists In The Collection
At recent events with authors, I kept hearing people discussing their genre. This is another example of the disconnect between a writer and the publishing industry. Meanwhile, In Fear challenges the ethics of both its characters and audience. Each starts out in the clear, yet after relentless moral questioning and teasing provocation, by the film’s close neither group is left innocent.
Lovering explains that “people can choose between revenge or redemption,” and for Tom and Lucy this choice is practical, whilst the audience subconsciously also makes that decision. The screen blacks out with a cliffhanger, leading viewers to invent the conclusion, and consequently to realise the human likelihood to encourage violence. “You bring the way that you watch a film to the cinema”, the director explains, and, constructed to be highly subjective, In Fear ensures that each character and audience member is left equally guilty. So genre analysis is the ability to identify a genre’s defining organization, language, intended audience and purpose. Horror novels belong to the same genre as horror films because they share similar organization and language, the same audience and have the same purpose…to scare you.
More From Ks2 English
A research article published in an academic journal has the purpose of disseminating new knowledge in the field to other researchers within the field . Therefore, immediately, the reader understands the language will be of a formal nature and use terminology from the field. The title will most likely be a short description of the content of the article, rather than the more abstract titles found on literary works, and headings will be used to organize the information.
Such an approach is completely unthinkable in many other cultures in which a respectful attitude is a social imperative. Cultures around the world and the languages they use have enormous variations in how texts are constructed and how social, spoken communication takes place. This cultural knowledge grows more sophisticated and complete as we grow up and children may often break the rules. Adults, after a period of intense socialisation usually apply the rules of their culture unconsciously. | https://www.theresearchgopop.com/new-genre-public-art.html |
A special workshop devoted to the topic of “Experimental Design and Inference in Psychology” was held at Estes Park, Colorado, July 28 – August 22, 1958 (see American Psychologist, 1969, 14, 167-179). This photo was taken of the eight participants, who included many of the leading psychologists of the mid-20th century.
Back row: Donald Taylor (Yale, chair of the group), B. F. Skinner (Harvard), Donald Hebb (McGill), Wendell “Tex” Garner (Johns Hopkins) Front row: Charles Osgood (Illinois), Leon Festinger (Stanford), Doug Lawrence (Stanford), Howard Hunt (Chicago).
Handwriting is that of Donald Hebb. Photo from the collection of Donald Hebb (passed along to Peter Milner, and then Kevin Dunbar). | https://reasoninglab.psych.ucla.edu/archives/participants-in-estes-park-workshop-1958/ |
…our other posts include Taylor Armstrong’s fake Birkins, where to get a fake Birkin and numerous posts about who does Birkin well.
Here’s a little more history on the Birkin…
In 1981, Hermès chief executive Jean-Louis Dumas was seated next to Jane Birkin on a flight from Paris to London. She had just placed her straw bag in the overhead compartment of her seat, but the contents fell to the deck, leaving her to scramble to replace the contents. Birkin explained to Dumas that it had been difficult to find a leather weekend bag she liked. In 1984, he created a black supple leather bag for her, based on an 1892 design. She used the bag for herself then later changed her mind because she was carrying too many things in it: “What’s the use of having a second one?” she laughs. “You only need one and that busts your arm; they’re bloody heavy. I’m going to have to have an operation for tendonitis in the shoulder.” Nevertheless, the bag has since become an icon.
We would like to introduce you to Jane Birkin, as pictured yesterday, and a full 30 years after the original bag was created, carrying none other than her namesake, the Hermes Birkin bag.
Now you’re met the Jane Birkin of today and you’re a woman in the know.
Incidentally, here’s a picture of Jane Birkin back in 1969. She was quite the character…
http://instagram.com/p/XRPwHySoLC/
Your friend, | https://ladybrooks.com/tag/jane-birkins-birkin/ |
I noticed a long time ago that there are heaps of books and blogs devoted to helping us navigate the troubled waters of dating, marriage, and family relationships, but no one is telling us how to steer through the rocky seas of wounded friendships.
How do we handle the awkwardness that arises over a broken friendship?
How do we mend a rift over a misunderstanding?
How do we overcome hurts without calling it quits?
While an incredible blessing genuine friendships are but let’s be real…they can also be flat-out frustrating sometimes! Whenever people are in relationships of any kind, conflicts arise. Some are petty, and some are grand. The reality is this, for relationships to endure and thrive for the long run, we must be people who extend grace and forgiveness to one another.
In Colossians 3, Paul makes a distinction between “bearing with each other” and “forgiving each other.” Bearing with one another is handling each other’s faults with grace and dealing with petty annoyances with patience. In friendship, we will recognize quirks in each other’s personalities that may cause frustration, but in these moments, we must choose to “bear with one another.” This is the essence of a grace-filled friendship.
Grace-filled friendships are a must! Goodness, gracious, we all deal with crazy hormones, sleep deprivation, overwhelmed schedules, constant demands and endless to-do lists. The last thing we need is demanding friendships that can’t extend a sister a little grace when she’s struggling to keep her head above water.
Grace-filled friendships are ones that don’t expect others to look, to act, and to think exactly the same. This means that we recognize that each person has a way of operating and responding that is different from our own. “Bearing with one” another means we let petty annoyances roll off our backs, and putting on the Christ-like virtues of humility, gentleness and patience.
Humility extends grace because it has the mindset that says, “it’s not about me.” A humble person doesn’t always expect everything to go her way. Gentleness extends grace with a controlled tongue. When tempted to lash out at annoyances or point out another’s faults, gentleness will “bear with each other” with patience and will not be easily angered.
I once had a friend who would get mad at me because I responded to situations differently than she would. It dawned on me that she was angry because I wasn’t like her. I was an extrovert and she an introvert. I was a quick decision maker and she was a slow decision maker. I was spontaneous and she was calculated. True, our differences could be frustrating, but instead of embracing the fact that God wired us differently, I felt like she expected me to conform to her personality. This was not a grace-filled friendship.
As forgiven people, God expects us to release the offenses of others just as we have been released from our own debt of sin. In addition, Colossians 3:13 says we are to “forgive as we have been forgiven.” I like to think of this as meeting the offender at the foot of the cross. When I place the cross before me and recognize my own sin, my own faults, and the many times that I have failed to be a Christ-like friend, then it is easier for me to extend that forgiveness to another.
Let’s get real for a second. Forgiveness is for real offenses—the times when a person has wronged us or hurt us. If we are easily wounded and find ourselves continually at odds with friends, then we may be harboring unrealistic expectations and unhealed wounds. People will fail us and will not always meet our expectations of them. Having said this, forgiveness is for when we’ve been wronged, not just disappointed.
Do you harbor ill feelings towards anyone?
Do you rehearse speeches that you would like to give to this person?
Do you replay the offense in your mind?
Is trust broken in the friendship? What offense broke that trust?
Is it difficult to open up and share with this friend? When did this begin?
Has a friendship ended without reconciliation? Why?
More than likely, after reading these questions, you recognize someone that you need to forgive. Now what? Pray! In prayer, express to Jesus how the offense hurt you and damaged your friendship. Visualize your friend at the foot of the cross and extend to her the same forgiveness that Christ has given to you. While you may not feel differently immediately or easily forget the wrong, there is power in forgiveness!
A word of caution: we must always forgive, but forgiveness does not always guarantee reconciliation. Reconciliation requires a repentant heart on the part of the friend who has done the wounding.
Forgiveness does not always bring reconciliation. If we choose to forgive our friend, but she continues her behavior or refuses to acknowledge the pain she’s caused, reconciliation may not happen. Reconciliation often requires repentance or changed behavior. If a friend wrongs you and does not repent, meaning she doesn’t name the offense and behave differently to avoid committing the same offense again, you must figure out what God would have you to do. If the offense seems pretty severe, the friendship may be compromised or you may decide to move it to a different “basket.” (Category of friendship) Do pray about the situation, perhaps even talking about it with a counselor or writing out your thoughts. You might even take the risk of telling your friend that her lack of repentance seems to be coming between you and her.
As stated many times before, it is far easier to see other’s offenses but not as easy to recognize our own. If you have a friendship on the rocks, ask God to show you if you need to ask forgiveness for your part in the conflict. Ask the Holy Spirit to reveal any words, actions, or neglect that have contributed to the discord. Once again, humility and gentleness are required to own our sin and seek forgiveness when we’ve hurt another.
Forgiveness is the only way friendships can endure. Without this Christ-like virtue, we will be women who nurse grudges, entertain bitterness and walk away easily when hurt. How better to show the world the love of Christ than to reach out with forgiveness when you’ve been wronged—to show the unconditional love of Jesus to the girl who gossiped about you or to extend mercy to the one who betrayed you. Forgiveness evidences a supernatural love and grace that can only come from God above.
No one understands the grace and forgiveness of Christ better than Peter. After all, it was Peter who denied Jesus. And in the end, Jesus forgave Peter and welcomed him back into fellowship. How fitting then that Peter would teach us the vital connection between love and forgiveness.
Each one of us has been forgiven by our best friend, Jesus Christ. In response to His grace, take this moment to prayerfully consider any bitterness or anger that is still lodged in your heart towards a friend and release this person to Jesus. | https://redeemedgirl.org/grace-filled-friendships/ |
When you start your academic paper, you should thoroughly understand what kind of essay you need to complete. If you don’t do this, you will have all chances to write a good essay, but not the one your professor or teacher expects to receive.
Today, we will try to show you how a scientific paper differs from any other academic papers in order to help you with 'how to write a scientific paper' question. In addition, we’ll write about the way you should structure your scientific papers. It’s really handy because having a reliable blueprint in front of your eyes will save your time and forces greatly.
If you are a young scholar or a prospective college or university student, you need to know how to write and publish a scientific paper. All in all, it’s a kind of academic papers which tells readers about new scientific investigations conducted in various spheres of our life. The new research may be done either by the author of the essay or the author may evaluate somebody’s else investigation in his essay.
Conclusion (this is the final part of your essay and you should discuss the final results of your scientific investigation here).
Writing a scientific research paper often has its own peculiarities. For instance, you must know and understand how this academic paper differs from a summary. It’s one of the most common mistakes made by the new essay authors. For instance, students who aren’t aware how to write a scientific research paper often complete it by summarizing but not analyzing.
In fact, you need to show how your investigation helps to decide one of the needs of the humanity or why it’s worth paying attention to this research. While writing your scientific research paper, you should sound concise and persuasive; each idea should be supported by a decent argument. In addition, don’t forget that a good scientific research paper example is a readable one.
All these requirements are a real must because if you invent something interesting or unique, you will be often cited by other scholars and students.
Students who have faced some difficulties in writing their academic papers may contact our writing experts to get entire information how to write scientific papers.
A scientific paper is a paper that is written for scientists by scientists - or, in case of student writers, for scientists by student scientists. A scientific paper should be precise, structured, and meet the guidelines for scientific works. Find out how to write a convincing scientific paper.
The way you format your paper should be dictated by the instructions from your professor, by the guidelines of your school, and, in some cases, by your own preferences or view of your future paper.
You can get a pretty good idea about writing a scientific paper from a template found online, but your writing will also benefit from a detailed guide into every part of the paper. Here is what to include in your work.
Conclusion. The conclusion should largely summarize the whole paper and once again state its place among the variety of scientific sources in the same field.
If you’ve written one or two scientific papers in the past, you probably have no problems with choosing the right topics and finding the right style for your paper. However, it’s important to once again remind you how important the outline of a scientific paper is. If you look at the scientific paper samples online, you will see that most of them have an outline. However, even if you don’t plan to include this part in your paper, outlining your work can still benefit your writing.
Regardless of the topics, the format (for example, whether it’s APA or other styles, and the content of the writing, the outline is a great way to correctly structure and plan your work. Study more than one sample of scientific paper to see what your writing should look like! | https://paperstime.com/how-to-write-a-scientific-paper/ |
Interesting Ideas for Process Essays - iWriteEssays Alternatively, you can write about an aspect of reading and writing and write a "How To" or "How Not To" paper process paper. Some topics that you can choose in this area include: "How to find a good book,"" How to find what you want in the library,"" How to find ideas for writing a paper," "How to organize a bibliography," PDF How to Write a Critical Analysis - tacoma.uw.edu S:\TLC_Services\General\OFFICE pprwk\How to Write a Critical Analysis.docx How to Write a Critical Analysis The steps below are only in a suggested order. Please adapt these directions to fit your individual writing style as well as your assignment guidelines. 1. Prepare by reading all material thoroughly. Understanding what you have to analyze is How to write a good analytical essay, examples & format - Au ...
This Analytical Essay Outline Will Kick Start Your Writing
When writing a business case study analysis, you must first have a good understanding of the case study. Before you begin the steps below, read the business case carefully, taking notes all the while. It may be necessary to read the case several times to get all of the details and fully grasp the issues facing the group, company, or industry. How To Write A Analysis Paper - cheapgetwriteessay.com
Writing a Research Paper – The Writing Center – UW–Madison
Step-by-Step Guide to Compose a Successful SWOT Analysis Paper Step-by-Step Guide to Compose a Successful SWOT Analysis Paper Break It Down. Talk about the Company. Analyze the Elements. Convert the Weaknesses. Analyze Growth Strategies and Opportunities That Might Arise.
HOW TO WRITE A LITERARY ANALYSIS ESSAY The purpose of a literary analysis essay is to carefully examine and sometimes evaluate a work of literature or an aspect of a work of literature. As with any analysis, this requires you to break the subject down into its component parts. Examining the different elements of a piece of literature is not
The function of your paper's conclusion is to: 1) restate the main argument supported by the findings from the analysis of your case; 2) clearly state the context, background, and necessity of pursuing the research problem using a case study design in relation to an issue, controversy, or a gap found from reviewing the literature; and, 3 ... Learn How to Write a Introduction for a Research Paper ... Every research paper needs context so that readers can understand why you have created it. This is exactly what you can do in your research paper introduction. Of course, this can mean that your introduction is the hardest part of paper to write first. So, it is essential that you take your time and make sure that you get it right. Report Writing | SkillsYouNeed Some academic assignments ask for a 'report', rather than an essay, and students are often confused about what that really means. Likewise, in business, confronted with a request for a 'report' to a senior manager, many people struggle to know what to write. Confusion often arises about the ... Gap Analysis Template: The 3 Key Elements of Effective Gap ... | https://ghostwriteistznlz.netlify.app/pluid76027zir/how-to-write-a-business-analysis-paper-300.html |
Much has been said about the importance of the Fed’s Beige Book these past few days but market watchers seem very disappointed about the most recent release. Why does the Beige Book matter anyway?
The Beige Book, which is officially entitled “Summary of Commentary on Current Economic Conditions by the Federal Reserve Districts”, contains an updated and detailed assessment of how the Fed’s 12 districts are performing. As such, this report provides a preview of overall economic activity in the U.S. and guides the FOMC when it comes to making monetary policy decisions.
The Beige Book is published eight times a year and is usually released a couple of weeks before the Fed’s monetary policy meeting. Note that districts that show weak economic performance have to send in tributes for the annual Hunger Games. I’m kidding!
In particular, the most recently released Beige Book report was expected to contain clues on whether the U.S. economy would need further stimulus or not. Bear in mind that the previously released FOMC meeting minutes revealed that Fed officials were considering QE3 but that they’d look at more recent economic figures, most of which are reflected in the Beige Book, before actually pulling the trigger.
It seems that market participants simply set themselves up for disappointment as the Beige Book failed to provide clear insights on what the Fed might need to do next. For one thing, there were barely any changes on the report’s assessment that most of the Fed districts expanded at a modest to moderate pace over the past few months.
The report also showed that economic progress was mixed across different sectors and also among the districts themselves. Retail sales, housing, and non-financial services generally showed improvements while manufacturing activity lagged in most Fed districts this August.
As for their economic outlook, the results were also mixed. Stronger districts, such as New York, Philadelphia, and Richmond, looked forward to further improvements while the rest remained cautious with their outlook.
It’s pretty clear that the lack of consistency among the districts in terms of economic performance poses a huge challenge for the Fed, which needs to make a monetary policy decision for the entire country. Needless to say, this also makes matters more complicated for market watchers like you and me as we attempt to figure out whether the Fed will push QE3 or not.
During their August FOMC meeting, policymakers did note that further stimulus might be necessary “fairly soon” if the U.S. economy fails to show a “substantial and sustainable” recovery. But with the recently released Beige Book painting a hazy picture of the U.S. economy, Big Ben and his men might choose to sit on their hands yet again.
Do you think that that’ll be the case? Let us know by voting through the poll below! | https://www.babypips.com/news/what-the-heck-is-the-beige-book-and-why-should-i-care |
When I was looking at the output maps from my HRA model I noticed that cells that include the border between two habitats show a higher risk than they should when looking at the Ecosys_risk.tiff. I assume this happens because the cumulative risk is calculated for each cell per habitat and the ecosys_risk map is created by summing these rasters across habitats. In cells that have more than one habitat ideally you would want a weighted average according to the % cover of habitat in that cell or in a simplified version just cumulative risk divided by number of habitats. But since it sums these values I think this output gives the wrong impression when you have small habitats with lots of borders.
Since there are the maps of cumulative risk per habitat this problem is not that important for me but I am wondering if this also affects the html 'ecosystem-risk-plot'? In that case I might be better off by running the HRA model with a very small cell size to calculate this plot.
2) see a visual of this issue of high risk along the borders of habitats/where they overlap.
Can you write a couple of sentences about the question you're asking with the HRA model and attach a few screen shots: a) zoom in on maps of habitats to show example of overlap, b) ecosystem risk map and/or cumulative risk by habitats, c) ecosystem-risk plot and/or individual habitat risk plots.
1) The idea is to run the invest model for a marine area in Portugal, visualizing the risk posed to marine habitats (EUNIS classification) by human pressures. At this stage I was just running the model with some invented pressures.
2) Regarding the ecosys_risk tiff, I added three images showing the problem.
-The Ecosysrisk image shows the problem, the black lines are the borders between habitats where the model calculates a cumulative risk for both habitats and shows a summed value. Like this it seems as the highest risk exists at these places.
-The HRA_outputs_combined map: This map was created by drawing the cum_risk files for the different habitats. In this case the raster pixels that have two habitats in them will take the risk value of the habitat that is on top in the drawing order. (I didn't equalize the color ramps so it doesn't completely match the ecosys_risk image).
I hope this explains the problem.
Quick question. How did you get the color ramps to show different shades. I usually just have high a low which only shows two colors. I would like it to represent the different risk values each cell has.
Thanks for sending your figures and the goal for your analysis. I have a couple of comments and suggestions.
1) Yes, you are interpreting the model correctly. Ecosystem risk does sum risk for the different habitats. I understand your thinking about the weighted average by % cover of habitats; however, in some cases in marine environments the habitats actually do overlap (e.g., canopy kelp and understory kelp). While it is debatable, the idea behind ecosystem risk is that more habitats at risk may actually lead to a greater overall risk for the ecosystem. Several approaches (e.g., Halpern et al. 2008 Science) also sum cumulative risk/impact by habitat to get at overall risk.
2) However, I agree with you that this issue makes the ecosystem_risk output difficult to interpret. I much prefer exploring the risk by habitats separately. The cumulative risk by habitat results are the ones we've found most useful in our applications to inform coastal and marine spatial planning (see Arkema et al. 2014 Environmental Research Letters, Arkema et al 2015 PNAS).
3) Lastly, the best way to get around this issue of more than one habitat is to make sure you are running the model at a small enough resolution to differentiate between habitats where they in fact don't overlap. While I usually run the model initially with a grid cell size of 1 km or 500 m to make sure it runs without errors, I ultimately use a resolution of 250 or 200 m. | https://forums.naturalcapitalproject.org/index.php?p=/discussion/comment/2282/ |
Instructors:
Ann Biddle, Director of DEL at Jacob’s Pillow, and Felice Santorelli, MA
The Dance Education Laboratory (DEL) at Jacob’s Pillow is a new collaboration that brings the nationally acclaimed DEL 92Y program to New England.
DEL at Jacob’s Pillow introduces dance educators, college dance students, and classroom teachers to the DEL model of dance education—situated alongside the resources that Jacob’s Pillow offers as a year-round center for dance research and development, including state-of-the-art studio spaces, unparalleled dance Archives, In Process Series showings as a part of Pillow Lab artist residencies, housing, and a retreat-like atmosphere.
Directed by DEL Founding Faculty, Ann Biddle and assisted by DEL Facilitator Felice Santorelli, DEL at Jacob’s Pillow provides year round dance education workshops and weekend intensives that explore Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) as a valuable framework for lesson planning and dance making, foundations in human development, methods and strategies for effective and inspired teaching, and the application of the DEL model to a wide range of teaching contexts.
DELVING INTO DANCE HISTORY
An online workshop series exploring the virtual resources of Jacob’s Pillow. Each course is held on two consecutive Saturdays.
Dates & Times
July 11 & 18, 2:30-5pm Eastern | Roots to Wings
August 1 & 8, 2:30-5pm Eastern | Divergent Voices
Join Director of DEL at Jacob’s Pillow Ann Biddle and DEL Facilitator Felice Santorelli in a NEW online workshop series, DELving into Dance History with Jacob’s Pillow Dance Interactive. Re-envision embodied dance history using the extensive video and multimedia resources of Jacob’s Pillow. Designed for K-12 dance educators, and college dance history enthusiasts to enhance remote and in-person teaching. With special guest Norton Owen, Director of Preservation at Jacob’s Pillow.
DELving into Dance History is designed as an ongoing series. Each two-week course explores different aspects of the Pillow’s Dance Interactive site. Each course can be taken on its own.
ABOUT THE PROGRAM
DELving into Dance History provides an opportunity to design dynamic and meaningful dance learning activities for students. Together we will explore diverse dance artists, genres and eras with a critical understanding that dance exists in a cultural, historic, and social context.
Learning will occur via Zoom, independent and collaborative work, video viewing, access to online materials and resources, group discussion and feedback, curriculum design activities, independent research and one-on-one mentoring. Participants will walk away with concrete tools and resources in order to utilize the extensive collection of catalogued dance videos, podcasts and lectures/articles to design lesson plans for elementary through college level learners.
REGISTER TODAY
Fee: $89 per course (includes access to Dance Education Laboratory resources and materials.)
Register for both courses and receive a 20% discount off the second course.
SCHOLARSHIPS
DEL at Jacob’s Pillow welcomes participants to experience our workshops regardless of financial circumstances. Need financial support? Apply for scholarship support and join the next generation of dance educators.
Additional training opportunities
To learn more about DEL mentoring and apprenticeship opportunities, contact Thasia Giles, Director of Community Engagement, Jacob’s Pillow at 413.243.9919 x161 or [email protected].
DEL at Jacob’s Pillow is made possible by Jody & John Arnhold and the Arnhold Foundation. Dance Education Laboratory (DEL) is founded by Jody Gottfried Arnhold. | https://www.danceedlab.com/classes/satellite-programs/ |
Sequoia Capital's Head Of Corporate Development On The Future Of Technology
Jeff Pashalides is the Head of Corporate Development at Sequoia Capital, one of the most prestigious venture capital firms in the world. As such, he operates at the intersection between those who are shaping the technology landscape (investors and entrepreneurs) and the CEOs, COOs, and CIOs who would invest in those companies or who would articulate needs unmet by current technologies. As such, he has an unusually strong network and an unusually deep reservoir of insights into the future of technology.
Pashalides has had entrepreneurial experiences of his own, having run Finance and Corporate Development at TrueCar. He also led Blackstone’s software as a service advisory practice for a time.
In this interview, he provides insights about the symbiotic relationship between practitioners, the venture community, and the founding community, how to engage this ecosystem more effectively, and the biggest pain points and opportunities for the executives for whom he has served as a guide on all things Silicon Valley.
(To listen to an unabridged audio version of this interview, please visit this link. To read future interviews like this one, please follow me on Twitter @PeterAHigh. To meet Jeff Pashalides and others in the venture capital community, consider joining us at Forbes CIO Next in New York on October 15 and 16.)
Peter High: Jeff, please describe your role as the Head of Corporate Practice, a position you have held for three years. | https://www.itechdude.com/itech/cloud-computing/sequoia-capital-s-head-of-corporate-development-on-the-future-of-technology |
The tea bowl is an iconic form in contemporary ceramics. It holds an integral part of tea ceremonies in Japan and has inspired artisans worldwide to expand the concept and create new forms through their own cultural interpretations. It enjoys an elevated status and is revered for its connotations of simplicity and sophistication.
A teacup is valued for being a deeply personal object that reminds us of peace, comfort and shared moments. Our collection focuses on materials that compliment and enhance the aromatic and flavour profiles of each tea.
Teapots are symbolic for bringing people together and inspiring complex traditions. Our collection presents functional, contemporary and structurally diverse teapots that demonstrate the cultural significance of tea. | https://ahistatea.com/pages/ceramics-by-form |
Beethoven Symphony No. 5 - Part II. This is the secpmd in a series of podcasts I created that simply walk you through various composers and their music. I think that any tool, whether for music lovers, musicians or those new to "classical" music, is always helpful from anyone and everyone who has performed, studied, taught and/or conducted the wide array and miscellany of musical works in the repertoire, be they familiar or those that are perhaps new.
These podcasts are for EDUCATIONAL use only. Not to be used in any public setting by any media. CAUTION: Because of the nature of the wide spectrum of the volume of the music, headphones are STRONGLY encouraged. Please be safe. Do not listen to this podcast while driving.
All material used with permission. All rights reserved. | https://www.mixcloud.com/maestroestalkforwardpodcasts/maestro-eugenes-podcast-2-beethovens-fifth-part-2/ |
It is one of the youngest youth orchestras worldwide: in 2017 the National Youth Orchestra of China – or NYO-China – was founded, giving about 100 highly talented young musicians of that country the chance to gain high-level orchestral playing experience. The musicians, aged 14 to 21, work together for one month each summer, coached by selected professionals from the best Chinese orchestras. In 2017, the National Youth Orchestra of China gave concerts in Beijing and Shanghai, but also at Carnegie Hall in New York; the concert was broadcast worldwide via livestream. The conductor was Ludovic Morlot, and the soloists were Yuja Wang and Olga Kern, both pianists. In 2018 a series of chamber concerts by an ensemble of 21 members followed within China. On its first grand European tour, the large orchestra makes its debut at Young Euro Classic 2019.
Konzerthaus, Berlin
Chief Presenter, Klassik Radio
Fans of Klassik Radio would recognize his voice instantly: for more than 20 years, Holger Wemhoff has been chief presenter at the station. Born in Ibbenbüren in Westphalia, Holger Wemhoff studied theatre studies, Italian literature and modern German literary history in Munich. He is one of the most popular German stage presenters at the biggest classical music events and hosts the Deutsche Grammophon podcast “Let’s talk about classical music”. Among the numerous stars Holger Wemhoff has interviewed in his show are Sir Peter Ustinov, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Ennio Morricone, Rolando Villazón, Montserrat Caballé and Anna Netrebko. His expert yet amusing presentations have entertained audiences in the concert halls of Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt and Stuttgart. His first book, an autobiography, appeared in German in the fall of 2011. The Vienna Philharmonic invites him regularly as the backstage moderator for its legendary “Summer Night Concert”.
Born in Lyon in 1973, Ludovic Morlot originally studied violin, moving on to the Royal College of Music in London, where he added conducting to his curriculum. He attended further conducting courses in the USA. Ever since winning the Seiji Ozawa Fellowship in Tanglewood in 2001, Morlot has had a particularly close relationship with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Further invitations have taken him to the great orchestras of the USA, but also to Berlin, Dresden, London, Amsterdam and Tokyo. This season the Frenchman, who has been music director of the Seattle Symphony since 2011, makes his debut in Houston, Detroit, Rotterdam and with the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra. His recording of orchestral works of his compatriot Henri Dutilleux with the Seattle Symphony was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2016. In the USA, Morlot has also led premieres of works by Tristan Murail, Elliott Carter and Augusta Read Thomas.
At the age of 22, Garrick Ohlsson won the Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1970, vaulting into the top league of pianists overnight. Ever since, the American, who was a student of Claudio Arrau and of Rosa Lhevinne at the Juilliard School in New York, has performed with all the notable orchestras in the USA. He has toured Poland no less than ten times; in November 2018 he performed Ignaz Paderewski’s Piano Concerto in Warsaw, commemorating the 100th anniversary of Polish independence. Ohlsson’s concert repertoire is enormously broad, including more than 80 works, e.g. the piano concerti by Scriabin, Busoni, Barber and Lutoslawski. Among his CD productions, the recordings of the complete Beethoven sonatas and the complete works of Frédéric Chopin stand out. In addition, his discography also features works by Weber, Grieg, Granados, Gershwin and Stefan Wolpe. Starting in this season, Ohlsson dedicates himself to the complete piano works of Johannes Brahms, which he performs as cycles in several cities in the USA and Europe.
"Sunlight" and "Twilight" from "The Tianjin Suite" (2016, German Premiere)
Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat Major Op. 73 (1809)
Symphony No. 5 in D Minor Op. 47 (1937)
PROGRAMME
The National Youth Orchestra of China has only existed for two years – but for their first European tour, the young Chinese musicians have set themselves high goals! The 100 young instrumentalists undergo an extensive application process with video submissions and auditions in order to join their national youth orchestra. Therefore, the “heavy lifting” required by this programme should be just their thing: on the one hand, the Chinese orchestra performs Beethoven’s majestic Piano Concerto No. 5 with the American pianist Garrick Ohlsson as the soloist – a perfect fit for this festival’s Beethoven focus. Its counterpart is Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 5, a fascinatingly ambivalent work, oscillating between depression and resistance, sorrow and eloquence. And of course, the Chinese orchestra has also chosen a current work from its homeland: Ye Xiaogang composed his Tianjin-Suite in 2016. | https://young-euro-classic.de/en/event/national-youth-orchestra-of-china/ |
What a difference a year makes!
Last year, Erin barely had the strength to cheer for riders from her wheel chair. This year she rode 25 miles in Closer to Free Ride.
September 9, 2017: After her double mastectomy, Erin Matthews had to remain at Smilow Cancer Hospital longer than she expected. She’d managed to stay strong and upbeat through her frightening cancer diagnosis, 16 weeks of chemotherapy, and the prospect of surgery. But when she found herself stuck in the hospital for two extra weeks due to surgical complications—more precious time away from her two sons—she began to struggle with despair.
She was confined to a wheel chair and couldn’t breathe without the help of a suction machine. Even so, her doctor urged her to go down to the sidewalk outside the hospital and cheer for the Closer to Free riders during the Smilow Salute, a hallmark of the ride each year.
She didn’t know much about Closer to Free. So she was amazed when she saw more than 1,700 people riding their bikes past patients outside Smilow Cancer Hospital with greetings, good wishes, and an outpouring of hope and love.
“It was as important a part of my recovery as any medicine or surgery,” she remembers. “There were hundreds and hundreds of people out there, and I felt they were riding for me so I could get better, lifting me up in that moment when I couldn’t even breathe on my own.”
Sitting in her wheelchair, she vowed that she would do the same for the next patient who needed lifting up.
September 8, 2018: This year, she traded that wheelchair for a bike.
Each year before the Ride begins, an especially inspiring rider/cancer survivor is honored as the recipient of the Closer to Free bike—a symbol of strength and courage that is signed by riders and displayed in the lobby of Smilow during the following year.
This year, that bike went to Erin. She held the bike and raised her fist with enthusiasm and determination as her two boys smiled up at her and the crowd cheered. Then Erin and her sons hopped on their bikes and rode 25 miles for Closer to Free.
“Like every rider, I was in tears as I rode by the patients outside Smilow,” she says. “That’s what’s so special about Closer to Free. You’re doing it for the patients and they’re right there. It becomes such an important part of their life and their survival. It gives them a moment of strength, despite whatever they’re going through.”
Erin and her boys are already signed up for next year’s Ride—and they would love to see you there, too!
Register to ride! Join us at the 2019 Launch Event on March 7 at Stony Creek Brewery in Branford, 5–8 PM.
Find more information and updates at: rideclosertofree.org. | https://www.givetoynhh.org/your-impact/spotlight-newsletter/spotlight-newsletter-erins-closer-to-free-ride/ |
Nietzsche on master and slave morality
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What are master morality and slave morality, for Nietzsche?© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com March 4, 2021, 5:53 pm ad1c9bdddf
https://brainmass.com/philosophy/ethics-morals/nietzsche-master-slave-morality-16537
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Nietzsche argues in Genealogy of Morals that morality is originally not a matter of unselfish or non-egoistic actions, or of actions that are useful or beneficial to others. Morality, originally, is simply not, in any sense, a matter of actions which bestow a 'good' upon others - it refers, rather, to the character of the actors, the ones who act toward or upon others. "The judgment 'good' did not originate with those to whom 'goodness' was shown!" he says:
Rather it was the 'good' themselves, that is to ...
Solution Summary
Nietzsche is assessed on master and slave morality. | https://brainmass.com/philosophy/ethics-morals/nietzsche-master-slave-morality-16537 |
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism--the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. When we eat, the pancr...
Cystitis - recurrent as related to Diabetes
- How to Cure Candida – 100% Natural Treatment Shivax®
CANDIDA TREATAMENT NATURAL with METHOD of Dr. Enzo DI MAIO MD PhD London. There are a lot of causes that might produce inflammations of the vaginal ...
- Cystitis | definition of cystitis by Medical dictionary
Cystitis Definition Cystitis is defined as inflammation of the urinary bladder. Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra, which is the passageway that connects ...
- Urinary Tract Infections in Diabetes Mellitus: Overview ...
Predisposition to urinary tract infections (UTIs) in diabetes mellitus results from several factors. Susceptibility increases with longer duration and ...
- Urinary tract infection - Wikipedia
Urinary tract infection; Synonyms: acute cystitis, simple cystitis, bladder infection: Multiple white cells seen in the urine of a person with a urinary tract ...
- Cystitis in Females: Practice Essentials, Background ...
Plain radiograph in a 63-year-old patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus shows emphysematous cystitis.
- Descriptions of Diseases - AARDAAARDA
AARDA AARDA does not recommend any treatment and provides this information only as a guide to aid in making informed decisions about your health. All information
- Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome, UCLA ...
Definition. What is Interstitial Cystitis? Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory bladder condition that can cause constant or occasional discomfort ...
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cys·ti·tis cys·ti·ca. cystitis glandularis with the formation of cysts. cystitis cystica. cystitis with formation of multiple submucosal cysts in the bladder wall.
- Buy Cystitis Treatment Online - Lowest UK Price Guarantee ...
What is Cystitis? Cystitis is the name for an inflamed bladder. Normally, this is caused by a urine infection, but it can also be caused by damage or irritation, from ...
- Cystitis women - Home - Embarrassing Problems
Cystitis in women What is cystitis? Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder. There are two main types. | http://www.goldbamboo.com/relate-tl9477-tr7642.html |
Marion County improves to Level 2, orange, on Ohio COVID-19 map
Seven months after moving up to a Level 3 on Ohio's coronavirus advisory map, Marion County has dropped to a Level 2 as cases decrease.
The latest map was released Thursday by the Ohio Department of Health. This week, there are 14 yellow (Level 1) counties; 57 orange (Level 2) counties; and 17 red (Level 3) counties in the four-tier, color-coded system, with no purple (Level 4) counties, reported the Akron Beacon Journal. Last week, there were seven yellow counties, 54 orange counties and 27 red counties.
The last time Marion County was at a Level 2 was on October 1, Marion Public Health epidemiologist Emily Ritchie said.
"We're excited about that," she said about the county turning orange. "We've noticed cases going down recently and we're happy we've finally gotten under that threshold of that 100 cases per 100,000. We're glad we hit it this week."
Health commissioner Traci Kinsler said during the MPH board meeting Thursday that cases will have to drop below 50 per 100,000 for the county to go yellow.
"It's definitely possible the way that cases are trending right now," she said.
The growing number of yellow and orange counties correlates with the downward trend in COVID-19 cases. Ohio recorded 1,208 new COVID-19 cases Thursday
This week, the statewide average number of cases per capita during the previous two weeks, also known as incidence rate, was 97.1 per 100,000 residents, down from 119.9 last week and 140.2 the previous week.
Thursday's figure of 97.1 marks the first time the state has been below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's threshold for high incidence, which is 100 cases per 100,000 residents, in months.
Vaccinations remain low in Marion County
While vaccines were in high demand at the beginning of the year, interest has waned in recent weeks. Nursing Director Sarah Nicewaner told The Star last week that the agency was seeing an average of 1,000 people a week. For a walk-in clinic that was held May 7, only 18 people showed up.
The vaccination clinic at the OhioHealth Marion Medical Campus are also seeing a decline in appointments.
"We're doing a lot of walk-in clinics here at the health department," Ritchie said. "We have a steady number of people every day coming in to get vaccinated. It's definitely not in the hundreds like we were seeing, but we're still getting a handful of people every day. It gets us closer to our goal of getting more and more people vaccinated."
MPH is offering walk-in clinics for the Pfizer vaccine May 24-26 from 8 a.m.-4 p.m. inside its offices at 181 S. Main Street.
Meanwhile, 42% of people in Ohio have received at least one dose of the vaccine, for a total of 4,926,014 people. In addition, 36% of people in the state are fully vaccinated, for a total of 4,234,849 people.
The state saw an increase in vaccination rates last week and earlier this week, due to the announcement of the Vax-a-Million program. According to the Ohio Department of Health, vaccinations among residents age 16 and older increased 28% May 14-17 compared to the weekend prior — just days after the state announced it would raffle off $1 million prizes and college scholarships to residents who get the jab. Vaccines in that age group had dropped 25% May 7-10 from the previous weekend.
However, Kinsler said the Vax-a-Million announcement did not make an impact in vaccination rates for Marion County. | |
Recurrent Jordan networks, popular in the modelling of time series, is examined in this study and results demonstrate that learning with this type of architecture has a good generalisation ability.
Efficient traffic speed forecasting based on massive heterogenous historical data
- Computer Science2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)
- 2014
This work aims at using a Hadoop framework for the prediction given heterogeneous data including traffic data such as speed, flow, occupancy, and weather data and integrates the kNN and Gaussian process regression for efficient and robust traffic speed prediction.
Short-term traffic volume prediction using classification and regression trees
- Computer Science2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)
- 2013
A novel nonparametric-model-based method to predict the short-term traffic volume using the CART model, a classification and regression trees model, which outperforms the k-NN and Kalman filter methods in both the mean absolute percentage error and the meanabsolute scaled error.
Optimized and meta-optimized neural networks for short-term traffic flow prediction: A genetic approach
- Computer Science
- 2005
Predicting traffic speed in urban transportation subnetworks for multiple horizons
- Business, Computer Science2014 13th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV)
- 2014
This study develops various matrix and tensor based models that can simultaneously forecast traffic conditions for multiple road segments and prediction-horizons and analyzes the performance of these models by performing multi-horizon prediction for an urban subnetwork in Singapore.
Urban traffic flow prediction using a fuzzy-neural approach
- Computer Science
- 2002
Real-Time Short-Term Traffic Speed Level Forecasting and Uncertainty Quantification Using Layered Kalman Filters
- Computer Science
- 2010
Results based on real-world station-by-station traffic speed data showed that the proposed online algorithm can generate workable short-term traffic speed level forecasts and associated prediction confidence intervals.
Short-time traffic flow prediction with ARIMA-GARCH model
- Computer Science2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)
- 2011
The results show that the introduction of conditional heteroscedasticity cannot bring satisfactory improvement to prediction accuracy, in some cases the general GARCH(1,1) model may even deteriorate the performance.
Short-Term Prediction of Traffic Volume in Urban Arterials
- Economics
- 1995
The Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model of order (0, 1, 1) turned out to be the most adequate model in reproducing all original time series in forecasting traffic volume in urban arterials. | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Traffic-Speed-Forecasting-Considering-Multiple-and-Chen-Pao/999507cf82b76e817cacf0a1ed5c8d4dba717b51 |
OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION OF CORRUPTION IN JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS OF MONGOLIA
Mr. Dashdavaa, Director General of the IAAC, met with the newly appointed Chairman and members of the Public Council on September 9, 2021, at the Public Center.
By the decree of the President of Mongolia, 15 members have been appointed to the non-staff Public Council under the Anti-Corruption Agency.
They exchanged views on opportunities and ways to build public participation and oversight in the fight against corruption.
The Criminal Code of Mongolia provides, depending on the type and form of corruption crime, for deprivation of the right to be appointed to public office for up to 8 years (additional penalty), a fine of 2.7 million to 400 million tugriks, deprivation of the right to travel for 6 months to 5 years, and imprisonment for 6 months to 12 years.
The cabinet convened irregularly on July 16 and established a working group responsible for stopping corruption, cutting red tape, and improving the Corruption perceptions index. At the meeting, Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs Kh. Nyambaatar was charged with approving and implementing a plan with intensives measures.
A working group chaired by Mr. Nyambaatar, Minister of Justice and Home Affairs, to improve the Corruption Perceptions Index analyzes complaints received through Government Public Relations Center Hotline and presents the results to the weekly Cabinet meetings.
SOME CIVIL SERVANTS ARE LABELED AS "HIS/HER PAWN"
Mr. Zandanshatar, Chairman of the Parliament:
- Citizens are criticizing the bureaucracy, corruption, and unethical behavior of the civil servants in middle- and lower-level. Therefore, there is an urgent need to legalize the ethics of civil servants in Mongolia. This issue was also seriously discussed during the constitutional amendment. In 2018, while working at the Cabinet Secretariat, I established a working group on the draft Law on Ethics and Discipline of Civil Servants and the draft Law on Selection of Civil Servants.
State Secretary of the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs Mr. Baasandorj gave a brief interview regarding the Law on Public Information.
Current Law on Information Transparency and the Right to Access Information is being revised into the Law on Public Information. Let's start the conversation with the reason behind the revision. | https://en.iaac.mn/posts?category_id=14042 |
In a prior post I showed that Bloom’s taxonomy, an ok tool for scaffolding student learning, was fundamentally limited to the legalistic-performance shift occurring in society when the taxonomy was developed. I then presented a follow up taxonomy for the performance-communitarian shift that identified important learning ideas that Bloom’s taxonomy doesn’t address, and helps to match our current societal memetic shift. The next step is the community-systemic shift that is already happening in societal niches, areas like Silicon Valley and Boston, for example. But before we lay out the next taxonomy, we’ve got to first get into the heads of community and systemic minded folks.
When I try to get into the community meme/phase, I ask myself what the Moscow Food Co-Op would do. This local treasure embodies the traditional Food Co-Op values of local resources that are sustainably produced from small/family owned farms. You shop here for quality, not quantity- it’s a law of thermodynamics that entropy (waste) is directly correlated to the number of options/ways something can be done. There’s only 1 way to deliver fruit without a wrapper, and no-surprise, it has the least waste. Where our Co-Op goes one step further than the others though is in the food-court/deli. Natural food has a shelf life. If you monitor carefully, you know when the time has come to make lemonade. You’ve eliminated waste, turned lemons into lemonade, and grown a larger supporting community in the region. What else is there?
Sadly, the community meme also has limitations. I had a friend who was in the military and wore his uniform into the Co-Op, boy did he get nasty stares… elitism is one of the problems. Not vaccinating (it’s not natural, how could it be good for you?) is also a major problem with the community minded phase. Sadly many (people and communities) don’t have the resources (monetary, integrated social networks, empathy, etc) to fully embrace the community meme/phase.
Hence the need for systemic minded individuals: the game preserve managers, the master educators, the quiet service minded shepherds of humanity. We are and live in a multi-faceted, highly interconnected, and rapidly evolving system- the complexities of which should be incredibly humbling. The reality is that no single thing, statement, or approach is absolutely correct (barring a law of nature) and the same goes for memetic levels of society. A tenuous balance with anticipated change is reality (a.k.a. a self-organized state of criticality), and severe imbalances (Nazism anyone?) needs averted to prevent systemic collapse.
Here’s an example taxonomy for the community-systemic shift:
We build from the performance-communitarian shift by adding holistic/global empathy to the mix. Rather than seeking to minimize waste, accept that waste occurs and apply/generate uses and synergies. Individual awareness of the necessity of systemic complexity/diversity occurs and systemic minded individuals promote this to engineer the system to morph for the benefit of it’s users. Only then, will a deliberately stochastic, user generated, self-sustaining and propagating system survive. Great examples in society are emerging: the Internet itself, WordPress, Wikipedia, Dean Kamen’s Lego First, and many more. It’s no coincidence that most of the examples are software based, it’s one of the most recent societal paradigms and the first truly global technology with the world-wide-web. Moving bits is easy, moving mass and energy is harder but they will come with time.
The engineering program that best prepares it’s students to lead in this coming systems paradigm will, indeed, ensure it’s place in the future. | https://hydrogen.wsu.edu/2015/02/16/taxonomy-of-values-for-the-community-systemic-meme-shift/ |
"Hydrogen is an energy carrier that can be produced from a variety of sources, offering one of the viable solutions to the increasing demands for clean and sustainable energy. Compared to the conventional fuels, hydrogen has distinct properties that need to be properly accounted for during its safer storage and delivery as well as more efficient and cleaner utilization. The broader objective of this study is to contribute to the scientific knowledge necessary to overcome key technical barriers to the widespread implementation of hydrogen in transportation applications. Specifically, lower flammability limit of hydrogen is first measured with an enhanced experimental setup and then supported with a theoretical analysis in order to provide safety guidelines for hazardous conditions. Small and large hydrogen releases are computationally investigated under different conditions corresponding to potential accidental release scenarios. This involves quantifying the relative roles of buoyancy, diffusion and momentum during hydrogen transient mixing in air and the associated flammable zones in a simple geometry. The numerical predictions are extended to a practical geometry in which high pressure unsteady hydrogen leaks occur due to a catastrophic failure of a storage tank in a typical mobile hydrogen unit. Additionally, the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine are simulated by incorporating fuel-specific sub-models into a quasi-dimensional model, which is subsequently validated against independent data and utilized to quantify the effect of exhaust gas recirculation on emissions of oxides of nitrogen. Such reasonably fast and accurate predictive tools are essential to effectively design and optimize hydrogen engines for higher efficiency and near-zero emissions in the automotive industry"--Abstract, page iii.
Advisor(s)
Köylü, Ümit Ö. (Ümit Özgür)
Committee Member(s)
Akin, Elvan
Hosder, Serhat
Homan, Kelly
Sheffield, John W.
Department(s)
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Degree Name
Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering
Sponsor(s)
United States. Defense Logistics Agency
National University Transportation Center
Publisher
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Publication Date
Summer 2010
Journal article titles appearing in thesis/dissertation
- Experimental study and theoretical analysis on lower flammability limit of hydrogen in air
- Detailed simulations of the transient mixing, leakage and flammability of hydrogen in air in simple geometries
- High-pressure hydrogen leak from a storage tank
- Computational modeling, validation, and utilization for predicting the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen IC engines
Pagination
xvi, 148 pages
Note about bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-145).
Rights
© 2010 Shravan Kumar Vudumu, All rights reserved.
Document Type
Dissertation - Open Access
File Type
text
Language
English
Subject Headings
Hydrogen as fuel -- Safety measures
Hydrogen as fuel
Internal combustion engines -- Fuel systems
Thesis Number
T 9657
Print OCLC #
747505975
Electronic OCLC #
747548111
Link to Catalog Record
Recommended Citation
Vudumu, Shravan K., "Experimental and computational investigations of hydrogen safety, dispersion and combustion for transportation applications" (2010). Doctoral Dissertations. 2171. | https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/2171/ |
CARTER COUNTY REAL PROPERTY DEEDS and LEASES
The chain of property ownership is most commonly traced backward through each preceding deed grantor,
beginning with the latest grantor on the recorded deed for the property in question (see "Deeds 101" above). .
In theory, one may also trace property ownership by beginning with an early deed and following each successive grantee.
Tracing early deed chains of title is made difficult by the brief (or non-existent) property descriptions in the index,
and by the omission of wives' names in the indexes. Un-named "Grantee wives" not infrequently later appear as named grantors, if they
are the surviving spouse. The frequent use of initials, rather than full names, further complicates matters.
There was also much consolidation and division of properties without benefit of the recording of the changes in boundries,
except incident to subsequent sales.
About 60 years ago it became common practice to reference the Book and Page of the predecessor deed when new deeds were created.
This has greatly facilitated the tracing of the chain of title for Carter County properties.
It must be noted that some very early deed transfers are for properties which were originally recorded in a county which preceded the creation of
Carter County (Mason, Greenup or Lawrence Counties). In those cases, the chain of title begins in the records of the predecessor county.
Many contemporary deeds are on microfiche and may be printed on the one viewer/printer.
There is no single comprehensive centralized deed indexing system or ledger.
Indexes to deeds are available in either hand written ledgers, or in a computerized database,
available through publicly accessable terminals located in the Deed Room.
Curiously (and frustratingly), some deed book identifying number series over-lap each other.
For example, there are two deed book "A"'s for different years, and there are numbered deed books
which share the same numbers as Order Books (which also contain many deeds).
Tax Assessor (PVA) computerized parcel information does, in many cases, contain a deed book and page number reference.
PVA Property Cards also sometimes list the deed book and page number for deeds for the property on the card.
Rarely are property survey maps filed in the deed room, but they can be very valuable if available.
Unlike many other jurisdictions, parcel survey marks or markers (pins) are generally non-existent, or are very difficult to locate in the field.
To this day, trees, rocks, creek and road beds are still considered legitimate boundary markers by real property surveyors.
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An autopilot system for aircraft includes, in its most general contemplation, a gyroscopic device interconnected to the aircraft flight controls via servosystems for automatically controlling flight in accordance with predetermined heading and altitude settings. In domestic or privately owned aircraft, these autopilot systems, whether of the so-called two axis or three axis variety, provide means for presetting the aircraft to any desirable heading (i.e., compass heading) and the system will automatically maintain the aircraft on the heading until affirmatively commanded to either manual control or to some other heading. Other more sophisticated systems also provide the capability of maintaining a preselected altitude.
A still further option available in certain known autopilots is the ability to be able to intercept and track the aircraft down along ground-based radio beams from a landing field, or so-called instrument landing systems (ILS) beams, for use in aiding landing of the aircraft. In this way, the aircraft is capable of automatic landing under the control of the autopilot. In explanation, the instrument landing system (ILS) provides an approach path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on its final approach to the landing field runway. The ground equipment typically provides two transversely spaced, highly directional, high-frequency beams emanating upwardly along a preferred slope for landing an aircraft, and, along the approach, two or more marker beacons identifying the radial distance to the landing field measured along the ground. The autopilot system in the aircraft will then, upon being properly armed, intercept the ILS beams and bring the aircraft down along the proper descent approach defined by the beams to the landing field or runway.
One difficulty which is encountered in known autopilot equipment providing glide slope interception and tracking is that a basic condition for operation is the aircraft must be maintained 60 percent under the glide slope for a predetermined minimum interval of time (e.g., 20-40 seconds) before the autopilot equipment is armed. In view of the relatively crowded conditions which obtain in airfields at the present time, the required 20-40 second waiting time may frequently be neither convenient nor practical for the pilot, and because of the traffic the pilot may have to interrupt the system and take over manually several times before he is locked onto the beam in an autopilot controlled approach.
There are several situations where it is necessary for the pilot to make a "go-around" rather than proceed on and land. For example, because of other traffic in the area, the aircraft may have to be diverted from its approach and start all over again, in which case, in the usual situation, the aircraft circles the field and comes back in for a further landing attempt along the same heading as originally. For a standard go-around using conventional autopilot systems, the pilot during the coupled approach, just has to set the unmarked pitch command wheel (controlling angle of descent and ascent) in a position which is considered will provide a proper "pitch up" or attitude in the event it is necessary to disengage that part of the autopilot system which maintains the altitude at a predetermind value. Accordingly, the pitch is not always the same and also the command wheel is susceptible to being inadvertently moved which can result in either (1) a pitch up to a higher altitude while the aircraft is at a relatively low airspeed exposing the aircraft to the possibility of stalling, or (2) pitching the aircraft to a lower altitude when the aircraft is already close to the ground with the obvious risk of crashing. Moreover, since to make a go-around the pilot must turn off the altitude maintenance part of the autopilot system in order to make the go-around, the attention of the pilot is diverted at a critical time of the approach.
Still further, many autopilot systems also have the capability of slaving the autopilot to follow a preselected radio beam frequently referred to as an omni radial or just omni (short for omnidirectional radio beam). These highly directional beams are radiated in predetermined directions away from a transmitter (e.g., at a landing field) not unlike spokes in a wheel, and, if followed, will move the aircraft along a precise map heading. When an aircraft comes into range of a desired omni, it will usually have to make a turn in order to intercept the omni, and when using an autopilot system the turn is made until the aircraft effects actual intercept at a forty-five degree angle. Of course, with a moving aircraft, this turning can encompass a relatively large area which poses no difficulty if there is no air traffic in the immediate area, or the controller has not commanded the aircraft to stay on a particular heading, or there are no other obstacles preventing the turn. However, a frequent occurrence is that air traffic control directs the pilot to stay on a particular heading mode, and the pilot must at the same time, watch for the navigation indicator needle to center (indicating that the desired omni radial is being approached) before he can switch to the navigational mode of the autopilot. During this entire changeover period, the pilot must also be watching for air traffic in the area and performing what other duties may be required in the aircraft, all of which may result in the pilot having more to do than he can conveniently (or safely) accomplish.
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50th anniversary commemoration of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Early this April, the world will turn its gaze to the city of Memphis and its commemoration of 50 years since the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. They will find a Memphis that has changed precipitously over the last half-century thanks to the legacy of Dr. King, but will also realize there is a lot left to do to fully realize his dream.
Wednesday, April 4, will be a day of remembrance across the city. During the black sanitation workers’ movement, there was a call for change that needed a voice, and Dr. King provided it. Ultimately, he gave his life in service to our community. Although we will remember what came before, April 4 will also be a day of looking forward.
At 10 a.m., a daylong celebration of Dr. King’s legacy will begin on the Main Stage in the museum courtyard at the National Civil Rights Museum, featuring music, dance and spoken word performances. Admission is free and the event is open to the public.
Also on April 4, an anniversary ceremony will be held from the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Wreath-laying, music and spoken word performances, and an ecumenical liturgy will lead up to the time at which Dr. King was shot—6:01 p.m. At this point, a bell will toll to mark the exact passing of 50 years since that fateful day. Across the nation, the bells of schools, churches, and colleges will ring 39 times—once for each year of Dr. King’s life.
Following the bell toll, MLK50 will conclude with An Evening of Storytelling, with veterans from the front lines of the fight for civil rights both yesterday and today taking the stage at the Crosstown Concourse to reflect upon the fight up to this point as well as what lies ahead. The evening will focus on the main question of MLK50—”Where do we go from here?”—with a moderated discussion, music, and dance to celebrate Dr. King and what he continues to mean to the city of Memphis.
For more information on all scheduled activities for the April 4 commemoration, check out the MLK50 website. | https://wearememphis.com/culture/50th-anniversary-commemoration-dr-martin-luther-king-jr/ |
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The aqueous environment is one of many reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Fish, as important aquatic animals which possess ideal intestinal niches for bacteria to grow and multiply, may ingest antibiotic resistance bacteria from aqueous environment. The fish gut would be a suitable environment for conjugal gene transfer including those encoding antibiotic resistance. However, little is known in relation to the impact of ingested ARGs or antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) on gut microbiota. Here, we applied the cultivation method, qPCR, nuclear molecular genetic marker and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technologies to develop a plasmid-mediated ARG transfer model of zebrafish. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the dissemination of ARGs in microbial communities of zebrafish guts after donors carrying self-transferring plasmids that encode ARGs were introduced in aquaria. On average, 15% of faecal bacteria obtained ARGs through RP4-mediated conjugal transfer. The hindgut was the most important intestinal region supporting ARG dissemination, with concentrations of donor and transconjugant cells almost 25 times higher than those of other intestinal segments. Furthermore, in the hindgut where conjugal transfer occurred most actively, there was remarkable upregulation of the mRNA expression of the RP4 plasmid regulatory genes, trbBp and trfAp. Exogenous bacteria seem to alter bacterial communities by increasing Escherichia and Bacteroides species, while decreasing Aeromonas compared with control groups. We identified the composition of transconjugants and abundance of both cultivable and uncultivable bacteria (the latter accounted for 90.4%-97.2% of total transconjugants). Our study suggests that aquatic animal guts contribute to the spread of ARGs in water environments.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
antibiotic resistance bacteria; antibiotic resistance genes; conjugal transfer; dissemination; fish gut; plasmid
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742284 |
The 1929 stock market crash and the ensuing Great Depression rocked the lives of women in the 1930s. High-society ladies and starlets merely scaled back visits to the perfume and jewelry counter, but everyone else struggled just to survive. Women living back then faced a double bind: A woman’s place was supposed to be in the home, but many women were forced to work when industrial production plummeted and men lost their jobs. Women were often criticized for stealing jobs from men, even though men did not want the low-paying service jobs that were available.
Upper-Crust Socialites
The catastrophic economic downturn of the 1930s did not damper the fun of women in the upper echelon. The emerging film and radio entertainment industry created new stars, like Carmen Miranda, a beloved samba dancer and singer. Socialites of the day often visited trendy night clubs that flourished during the depression with the help of their elite clientele. Gossip columnists had no trouble finding extravagant debutante balls where affluent young women were formally introduced into high society. Little worry was given to the struggles of the masses.
Social Activists
Women activists continued to push for equality and gender representation in the political process. Although the 1930s feminist movement was never as strong as it was in the 1920s, progress continued through the work of strong women leaders and progressive thinkers. In particular, first lady Eleanor Roosevelt championed feminism and expanded opportunities for women in the workforce. Further, she advocated for children, social welfare and racial equality. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s diversity adviser, Mary McLeod Bethune, formed national organizations for civil rights and African-American women. Countless other women also played a big role in advancing women’s political engagement through the League of Women Voters.
Penny Pinchers
Women’s ingenuity helped soften the tough times of the Great Depression. Homemakers stitched garments, patched clothes and made inexpensive macaroni casseroles to fill little tummies. Spirits were buoyed by church activities and neighborhood gatherings that included potluck suppers where all the women brought a dish to share. Empty neighborhood lots were turned into community gardens for families to grow their own food, and canning produce greatly helped stretch the budget. Women worked nonstop cleaning and maintaining households with limited resources, cutting corners wherever possible.
American Workers
Women entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers during the depression era. Employers were reluctant to hire women for jobs traditionally held by men, so women’s options were mostly limited to stereotypical female jobs like cleaning, cooking, child care, retail and food service. Women with postsecondary education worked as nurses, teachers or secretaries until they found a husband. Some people blamed women for men’s unemployment, claiming that the women were stealing men’s jobs. The number of women in college increased in the 1930s due to women’s growing interest in acquiring skills to support themselves. | https://classroom.synonym.com/womens-roles-in-the-1930s-12082394.html |
Project Description:
With a budget of $22,000, YWCA Alaska’s Social Justice Programming furthers racial and gender equity, peace, and justice through communitywide dialogue, education, and opportunities for action.
Opening Minds and Hearts (OMAH) Luncheons
The Y’s OMAH Luncheons, held 6 times each year, increase awareness and understanding of the diverse cultural groups of women in the Anchorage community. The luncheons are formatted as facilitated panel discussions, and cost $15 to attend/$10 for students. OMAH Luncheons have provided opportunities to explore the unique perspectives of women from communities including the following:
- Pan-Hispanic
- African American
- Alaska Native
- Pacific Islander
- Chinese
- Bi-racial
- Military
- Lesbian
- Transgendered
- Muslim
- Jewish
- Immigrant
- Women who are cancer survivors
- Women in mixed-race relationships
OMAH Luncheon topics also have included:
Women and Aging
Civil Rights: Then and Now
Teens Talk About Teen Pregnancy
Teens Talk About Race (All Anchorage-area high schools represented at series of 3 luncheons, attended by then Anchorage School District Superintendent, Carol Comeau)
International Women’s Day
In celebration of International Women’s Day each March 8, YWCA Alaska rallies community members to participate in the Women on the Bridge event. Participants use their presence as a group (which varies in size from year to year) and waive signs to raise awareness about Alaska and global women’s issues.
The Stand Against Racism
YWCA Alaska participates in the annual national call to Stand Against Racism. The Stand Against Racism encourages community involvement to raise awareness of racism and challenges people to take action to interrupt and eliminate racism whenever possible. In 2012, more than 40 local businesses and organizations—including the Anchorage School District—signed the pledge to Stand Against Racism. YWCA staff supports those organizations that commit to the pledge by providing on-site activities and materials promoting the Stand.
The Big Why
The YWCA is an organization that continues, on a modest $900,000 annual operating budget, to encourage and celebrate women in Alaska from all cultures, ethnicities, ages, income levels, and walks of life—and to encourage our entire community to address social issues.
The organization’s Social Justice Programming provides one-of-a-kind opportunities to learn more about a variety of Alaska communities and current local social/political issues, and to act on social justice issues. The Y’s Social Justice Programming challenges community members to thoughtfully consider the perspectives of others, through very affordable/sometimes free events and initiatives that are open to all.
I have been moved by the courage of the Y to offer Social Justice Programming that challenges community members’ assumptions, urges us out of our comfort zones, and calls us to action. The conversations during the OMAH Luncheons I’ve attended have been extremely informative and inspiring; the Y ensures an environment allowing panelists to be honest and open, and attendees to feel comfortable asking questions.
Few organizations in our community tackle the issues the Y addresses through its Social Justice Programming, and very few consistently bring the rich experiences and knowledge of women to the forefront. A gift from the Alaska Women’s Giving Circle would help make it possible for this vital part of YWCA Alaska’s work to continue serving the people of our community. | https://alaskawomensgivingcircle.org/2012/10/15/ywca-alaskas-social-justice-programming/ |
Twenty-first Century Global Dynamics
Since the 1980s, a vast amount of scholarship has been published about globalization, much of it motivated by the perception that humankind has entered an unprecedented era of social transformation. Yet as this body of research evolved, it became apparent that processes of globalization stretch far into the past, some say for centuries, others for millennia. If, as historian William McNeil argues, “the world is one interacting whole and always has been,”1 then one of the key challenges for scholars is to make the concept of globalization more salient by exploring continuities and comparisons across time and space. Interestingly, we are beginning to observe features of globalization in the twentieth-first century that should be analytically distinguished from earlier moments, including the final decades of the last century.
Articulating such differences is one of the animating concerns of the 21st Century Global Dynamics Initiative of the Mellichamp faculty cluster at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Another concern is to come up with an interdisciplinary approach to studying this specific historical moment. In 2015, as we were considering points of intersection in our work, we settled on the term dynamics because we were attracted to the ways it encourages reflection on motion, forces, and change. We have therefore taken up the concept as point of departure, as a provocation to interdisciplinary engagement, not as the naïve application of Newtonian law. Thus, it is perhaps worthwhile to reflect a bit more on our choice of terminology: global, dynamics, and 21st century.
Popular and scholarly usage of the term globalization only began to gain currency during the late 1980s and early 1990s, most commonly in reference to a stretching out of social relations with respect to such disparate phenomena as the fall of the Berlin Wall, the expansion of transnational finance, and the growing popularity of satellite television. During the late nineties and the decade that followed, usage became especially widespread, both as an enthusiastic expression of social progress—the phrase “global village” also peaked at this time—and as a touchstone for criticism of globalization’s dark side, which included environmental degradation, economic exploitation, and jihadist terrorism.2
Popularity also engendered reflection on the term itself: Was globalization a form of linguistic legerdemain that obscured longer cycles of spatial transformation? Was it merely refashioning previous concepts such as empire, ummah, and ecumene? Around 2007, popular and scholarly usage began to slide precipitously as some wondered if globalization was in fact an ahistorical and inchoate concept. Yet today, it seems urgently necessary to revitalize and sharpen our use of the term given the recent escalation of economic, social, cultural, and environmental concerns that require transnational perspectives and responses.
As for dynamics, the bump in scholarly usage roughly coincided with that of globalization. Derived from the Greek word for power (dynamikos), it has long been employed in the physical sciences, generally referring to macro analysis of fluids or bodies in motion and the forces acting upon them. Over time the approach has been adapted to various scales of analysis, from planets to particles, and the scope of inquiry has expanded to include systems analysis and systemic interactions. For example, climate science now pays conspicuous attention to interactions between oceanic and atmospheric systems.
These research trends have been tied to technological developments over the past fifty years that have made it possible for physicists and mathematicians to calculate millions of iterations out of a baseline interaction, contributing to the development of non-linear analysis, more popularly known as “chaos theory.” This has allowed researchers to understand how interactions can jump scale, as in the famous example of the butterfly effect on a distant hurricane system. It has also encouraged a reassessment of analytical variations that were previously explained as noise or computational error.
These insights have spawned a robust literature across the sciences, social studies, and humanities, resulting in a proliferation of journal titles featuring the term “dynamics” in such disparate fields as engineering, biosciences, and sociology.3 Whether the research involves immunology, culture, or manufacturing, the concept of dynamics directs attention to scale, process, and change.
These trends in the sciences paralleled developments in the humanities and social studies where, during the 1980s, scholars began to question structural presumptions about communities and societies, as well as prevailing notions of nationalism and sovereignty. They furthermore elaborated critiques of disciplinary orthodoxies that privileged homology, functionalism, and teleology. Interestingly, the rise of global studies since the 1980s coincides with the prominence of non-linear analysis in the sciences and postmodern critique in the humanities and social studies. This convergence may help to explain why many global studies scholars have embraced such concepts as friction, disjuncture, temporality, and genealogy.
…the concept of dynamics directs attention to scale, process, and change.
What then are the distinctive features of 21st Century Global Dynamics? My Mellichamp colleagues and I will offer further reflections on this topic in future editions of global-e, but allow me to make some preliminary observations with respect to my own research. The global dynamics of media has in fact changed considerably since the turn of the century, marking what appears to be a distinctive rupture. Technological changes—driven by deeper social and structural forces—are but one indicator. With more than half the world’s population now living in cities, billions of people download or stream television programs and feature films to view on a range of devices, including tablets and smartphones. Television broadcasting, a medium historically regulated by the state, has given way to an unruly multiplicity of distribution channels. Moreover, viewer behaviors are increasingly driven by what they discuss on social media, making the promotion and management of ideas a difficult challenge for commercial and government institutions. Viewers have also become producers (or prosumers), not only in the realm of entertainment, but also in news, so that media professionals find themselves chasing stories that bubble up as well as those that filter down.
Thus, at a phenomenological level, one senses decentering, dispersion, and an erosion of boundaries. Yet at a broad structural level, translocal and transnational media flows are in fact facilitated by a convergence of platforms (e.g., Facebook), practices (reality television), and stylistic conventions (continuity editing). Institutions of cultural production, distribution, and labor have likewise become globally interconnected in unprecedented ways.
Some of these developments were anticipated before the turn of the century, but only in their most embryonic forms. One need only reflect on the fact that twenty years ago satellite television—a transnational mode of broadcasting—was emblematic of the fin de siècle media revolution, while today the novel dynamics of digital media are characterized by personalization via handheld devices. Another way to express this distinction is to note that in the year 2000, less than one percent of the world’s population had access to a high-speed broadband connection, no one had a smartphone, and it would be four years before the launch of Facebook. The remarkable changes that have taken place since then call for new concepts and methodologies for studying the distinctive forces, fissures, and dynamics of media globalization in the 21st century.
Notes
1 William McNeil, “Globalization: Long Term Process or New Era in Human Affairs?”
2 Data on usage is derived from Google Trends and the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
3 A sample of ‘Dynamics’ journals listed chronologically by the initial date of publication:
and Oceans (1976); Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control (1979); Climate
Dynamics (1986); Cultural Dynamics (1988); Theoretical and Computational Fluid
Dynamics (1989); Journal of Non-Linear Dynamics (1990); Structural Change and
Economic Dynamics (1990); System Dynamics Review (1991); Dynamics and
Control (1991); Developmental Dynamics (1992); Open Systems & Information
Dynamics (1992); Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics (1996); Discrete
Dynamics in Nature and Society (1997); Group Dynamics (1997); Macroeconomic
Dynamics (1997); Review of Economic Dynamics (1998); Structure and Dynamics:
Anthropological and Related Sciences (2005); Journal of Computational and
Non-Linear Dynamics (2006); Journal of System Design and Dynamics (2007);
International Journal on Food System Dynamics (2010); Journal of Biological
Dynamics (2011); Transportmetrica B (2013); Earth Surface Dynamics (2013); Journal
of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics (2013); Management Dynamics in the
Knowledge Economy (2013); Structural Dynamics (2014). | http://www.21global.ucsb.edu/global-e/april-2017/twenty-first-century-global-dynamics |
There’s a moment, toward the end of “Widows,” right before the climactic heist, when we check in on the members of our titular crew before they don their black masks and holster their Glock .9mms. It’s that quintessential pre-heist montage of the players saying goodbye to their loved ones, just in case the job goes bad: Linda (Michelle Rodriguez) and Belle (Cynthia Erivo) kneel before an altar with Linda’s children, lighting candles to the Blessed Virgin. We’ve already seen Belle bid her daughter farewell, and Alice (Elizabeth Debicki) have one final drink with her kinda-sorta boyfriend/definite Sugar Daddy. So, the montage ends with Veronica Rawlings (Viola Davis) standing in front of a doggy daycare, preparing to drop off her beloved Westie terrier, Olivia (Olivia the dog, continuing the tail-wagging charm offensive from her debut in “Game Night”). Director Steve McQueen lingers on this moment far longer than the other farewells—he pulls his camera back wide, and in the dark of the evening, Veronica’s body becomes a knife-blade of a silhouette: She lifts Olivia up in her arms and holds her with a tenderness that is more poignant, for its openness, its earnestness.
This image of a hard-edged woman cradling her little dog, perhaps for the last time, is one of the rare pure moments of emotional unguardedness in a twisty film that is preoccupied with power: who has it, who wants it, and who gets to take it, against all odds. It’s also one of the few and precious instances I’ve ever seen, on-screen, where a woman’s relationship with her pet, especially her dog, is regarded with the emotional depth and intensity as her bond with child or spouse. Veronica is very much a woman alone, and angry about it—arguably, even before her husband is exploded off this mortal coil (or, at least, when he seems to have exploded off this mortal coil)—yet, her bond with Olivia isn’t a low blow of a portrayal, meant to show how sad and pathetic she is.
Olivia is her pampered, cherished, and oh-so-adorable companion; more than this, though, Olivia is Veronica’s connection to the parts of herself that long for love and connection—even though her life experience has taught her that love and connection can be the double edges of the sword that pierces her breast and lances her heart. Olivia is not just “the dog,” a fluffy entity for the audience to fret over, or a cuddly convenient way to thaw out an arctic woman and make her “more likeable”: “Widows” uses Olivia to tell a deeper, more nuanced story about loneliness and longing, a story that feels achingly familiar to people like me, who have turned to our pets to ameliorate both.
I am, to quote the kids in my neighborhood, “that dog lady.” I’ve lived alone for the better part of my adult life (since my mid-twenties), save for a German Shepherd named Tova (pictured above), who I adopted just after I finished grad school and started the I-guess-I’m-a-grown-up-so-what-now phase of my life, and, after Tova passed away, a wily Lab-mix named Mina, whose need for training helped me concentrate my grief. Tova was a gorgeous, martial-looking dog with a gorgeous, martial spirit. She was a pinnacle of her breed in solemn protectiveness—I remember how she dismissed one particularly tedious and callous beau of mine when he left my apartment for the last time; she stood with the length of her body pressed against my legs, blocking him from a final embrace, as if to say, “time’s up, cowboy”—but I cherished her, mostly (and among so many other things) as a constant presence, as silent and consistent as a pulse. She was my first “good morning” when I woke up; my last “good night,” every day.
In "Widows," McQueen and Davis evoke this most powerful element of the human and canine bond, that quiet confidence that comes in sharing a space and performing the daily rituals of life, not through broadly emotive displays like the goodbye outside of doggy daycare (which is more impactful because it is so strategically deployed), but in treating Olivia as a fixture in Veronica’s life. Olivia is there, burrowed into Harry’s (Liam Neeson) side of the bed, when Veronica breaks down before Harry’s funeral, her meticulously-arranged face cracking, for just a moment, in an expression of raw grief. Olivia is there, nestled in her dog bed, as Veronica reads through Harry’s notebook of jobs, and begins to plot the job that will get her and her fellow widows out of debt. If the Rawlings’ penthouse magnifies and reflects Veronica’s loneliness and vulnerability—rendered in cool, distant colors that feel catalogue-ready; overlong corridors that seem to mock her sudden singledom with their dramatic excess of space; and broad-paneled windows that all but scream “go ahead and look inside, she’s all alone”—then Olivia is the affectionate, inquisitive figure of comfort who brings sloppy, puppy-kissing life into the void.
Veronica’s insistence on bringing Olivia nearly everywhere with her may seem, initially, like a defensive display of rich bitch posturing—but even this posturing is a form of well-sculpted emotional armor. I’m terrible with strangers, fumbling-tongued and desperately uncertain; talking about my dogs isn’t even a back-up, it’s often my first, second, and third plan of approach whenever I’m meeting someone new: Telling that story about how Tova almost won the pet costume contest, or how Mina came in top of her class at obedience school (not that I’m bragging), feels so much safer than offering something starker about myself, something that could be weaponized—but it doesn’t feel entirely like hiding, either, because these stories matter to me, as much as anything I’ve done in my career or any film I’ve ever loved. Being a devoted dog guardian means assuming a complex, multilayered identity—one that all the “Dog Mommy” merchandise tries to flatten into something both cutesy and sad.
Olivia doesn’t just allow Veronica to cosplay ladies who lunch (a pure-bred Westie puppy can cost upwards of 3,000 dollars, easily), which does, in and of itself, give this abrupt, awkward woman a role to play, a way to steady herself and stay focused and sane—she’s also a source of silent comfort, a ballast against the tenuousness of Veronica’s connection with the other women. It’s telling, for instance, that Veronica doesn’t bring Olivia with her when she rushes to Alice’s apartment after the Manning crime family murders Bash (Garret Dillahunt), the original getaway driver: Veronica is blisteringly open with Alice, releasing the full ugliness of her anger and her terror, sneering at the younger woman for taking a man into her bed when “your husband hasn’t even been dead a month,” slapping her and taking a hard slap in return, a slap that finally, mercifully, allows her to break down and cry. Alice is the most nakedly vulnerable of the widows—a battered bride, truly down and out, who thinks she has no smarts or skills to speak of—and it makes sense that Veronica, who must expend the constant energy of projecting an impenetrable guardedness, would feel some degree of subterranean interest in, even attraction to, her. The last scene in the entire film is Veronica, also sans dog, catching Alice outside of a bustling diner and slowly, genuinely, smiling at her, asking her how she’s been.
But this is not to suggest that Olivia is a mere mollifier, a puppy placeholder until Veronica can graduate into real relationships—indeed, the film demonstrates, with a diamond-sharp, blood-culling clarity, that Olivia is a far better companion than Harry was (Olivia would never start a secret second family, fake her own death, and try to abscond with Veronica’s hard-earned ill-gotten gains). Olivia functions as an extension of Veronica’s feelings, so attuned to her guardian’s moods that she’ll act on them before Veronica is even consciously aware of them—Olivia is the one who first sniffs Harry out, in hiding at his paramour’s home, clawing and whining at the door in way that evokes the grasping need and desperation of Veronica’s grief.
Some of that immediate grief is about Harry, of course; however, Veronica has been shaped by a deeper grief, the murder of her son at the hands of a trigger-happy Chicago cop. This death is so obliterating, that it isn’t even mentioned until it is shown, in full—it’s like some fanged, thunder-hooved deity whose name must not be spoken until it’s offered a blood sacrifice—and yet, McQueen, Davis, and screenwriter Gillian Flynn have already allowed it to echo through everything that we’ve seen before it, which yes, includes Veronica’s relationship with Olivia. We sense a wordless history: Harry gifting Veronica with an extensive puppy as a reason to get out of bed, to go outside, every day, until the routine starts to feel something like normalcy, until the dog can ease her calcified heart open, even a little. That puppy steadily becoming Veronica’s little sweetheart, her comfort, as Harry begins to pull away, emotionally, at first, and then toward the arms of a woman whose baby won’t be targeted by the bigots who still rule this world.
I’d never equate the loss of my Tova dog with the loss of a child, especially a child so cruelly taken. But I can say that her death devastated me, that my apartment became a whistling void. When I adopted Mina two weeks later, I willfully ignored her foster mom’s warning about how intensely she would “miss her people” when they left. That separation anxiety, manifest in clawing and scratching up the doors, the floors, the windowsills; howling in sorrow when I locked the door behind me; and drooling puddles everywhere, seemed to reflect the intractability of my own grief, a steady heartbeat gone frantic, erratic around one core need: Come back.
Like Veronica, although in my own, less grandiose way, I had to move through my pain, I had to have “the balls to pull this off”—only the “this” was no heist, simply training my unruly girl to calm down, to recognize that she was not abandoned and I would, in fact, come back. A training that, through its meticulous consistency, gave me a purpose, a reason to get out of bed each day, to go outside—until finally, I found a new normal, a new, and no less special, love, to greet with “good morning” and end the day with “good night.” Two years later, she’s my darling; that sweet, happy face in the window; that gentle heft climbing onto the sofa beside me. It’s a powerful, even transformative, thing, to see that kind of bond enacted without mockery or condescension—given dignity, in fact—by filmmakers who understand that the magnificent spectrum of human pain and tenderness has room for canine companionship. | https://www.rogerebert.com/features/a-tribute-to-olivia-the-scene-stealing-dog-of-widows |
Little is known about general anesthetics, the drugs that put patients in a coma-like state, feeling no pain or discomfort while being operated on. A new study shows that these classes of drugs change the activity of a specific region of the brain and make it more difficult for the parts to communicate.
The scientists published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Laura Lewis, a neuroscientist at MIT in Cambridge, and her colleagues used microelectrodes to measure the activity of single cells and networks of neurons in the brains of three people who were about to undergo neurosurgery for epilepsy. Each of the patients was given a dose of the general anesthetic propofol, and their ability to respond to auditory stimuli was used to determine when they slipped into unconsciousness.
The loss of consciousness coincided with the rapid onset of brain waves known as slow oscillations. The onset was precisely timed when the patients lost consciousness and started at different times in different regions of the cerebral cortex. Individual neurons became less active, with their activity spiking at the same time as the slow oscillations in that region.
The researchers believe that these slow oscillations are making the processing of information within specialized brain regions less efficient, and preventing the different parts of the brain from communicating.
It’s still not clear whether the slow oscillations actually cause the loss of consciousness or are a consequence of it. Further work is needed to determine this. It’s also possible that the patients had different brain activity from healthy people, because of the seizures and medication involved with epilepsy. However, the electrodes were placed 2 cm away from abnormal tissue areas, and the behavioral effects were the same as those in healthy people.
The findings could lead to improved ways to monitor the effects of anesthesia, and to the development of better anesthetic drugs, and the researchers now plan to investigate whether other general anesthetics act in the same way.
Be the first to comment on "General Anesthetic Induces Slow Oscillations, Disrupts Brain Communication" | https://scitechdaily.com/general-anaesthetic-induces-slow-oscillations-disrupts-brain-communication/ |
Hi, I am Praneeth.
In this blog, you will learn exactly how a blog works and how often should you blog in 2020 and beyond to see results.
Without further ado, let’s get started.
Here is a 30000-foot view of the blog.
What is a blog?
A blog is an informational website.
It is a place where content is published by the author on the internet.
This is a blog you are reading.
Many people misunderstand blog with a website,
The basic difference between a blog and a website is that,
A blog is a frequently updated website whereas the website is not updated frequently.
How blog works?
Well
Blog posts are present in reverse chronological order which means the latest post appears first and the oldest one appears last.
A blog is divided into multiple parts, such as:
- Posts/pages.
- Categories/subcategories.
- Tags.
- Menus.
- Links.
Let me tell you in detail how these things work step by step.
Starting right from posts and pages.
-
Posts/pages:
The posts refer to the content that is published on the blog, these are constantly updated pages on the websites.
The posts are focused on different keywords of a topic within a niche that the blog belongs to
For example, this is my blog entrepreneurshipera.com.
Here I write and publish blogs on blogging and online business ideas.
It is the niche of my blog.
There are several posts in my blog some related to blogging and some on online business ideas.
These are posts on my blog and these posts usually focus on a single keyword for example,
This blog is focusing on a keyword for how a blog works.
Similarly, there are pages in blogs such as,
- About us.
- Contact us.
- Terms and conditions,
- Disclaimer.
These are pages that are also present in a website and a blog.
Now,
-
Categories/subcategories:
These are places where a blog is structured.
You see these in the head part of the blog,
A category is a collection of blog posts that are related to the main topic.
For example,
In my blogging category which you can find in the header part of my blog,
I have all posts organized and collected in that category where you will only find my blog posts related to blogging such as,
- Blogging mistakes.
- Blogging niches.
- Why blogs are important for SEO.
When you are talking about subcategories, they are usually children of categories means,
A subcategory is a secondary or a subordinate of a category.
For example,
In an online business which is my category in the header, you can see.
I have written blogs on various online businesses such as,
- Dropshipping.
- Podcasting.
- Vlogging.
When there is a category of online business,
Subcategories can be a vlog, podcast, and all the blog posts based on the related subcategory are organized in that category.
The categories and subcategories are used for better navigation of the blog.
-
Tags:
Tags are usually used in describing what the blogpost is all bout,
They usually contain the main keyword of the blog post.
The way we use hashtags in our social media platforms like Twitter and Instagram,
Similarly, you use a tag to let the user know what the blog post is all about,
Like, what is the keyword and topic that the blogpost is covering.
-
Menu:
This is also one such thing in a blog.
You see that there is a list of options in the header of every website or blog you visit.
Here is my blog menu:
screenshot.
These are called menus, which basically means that these are used to navigate to different sections of the website from the homepage of the website.
The user can search for any piece of content from the homepage on the menu or,
He can click on different categories in the menu bar like mine and visit different sections of the blog and read different articles on the topic that the blog author is covered.
These menus play the most important role in the navigation of the blog.
These menus can get the user to the most relevant and highly useful posts in a matter of a few clicks.
-
Links:
These are of 2 types,
- Internal.
- External.
In a blog post.
You can write a blog and internal link to some of your older content that is not being able to view easily by users.
The way I do,
The internal links are the links that point to content or blog posts or pages within a website or blog.
External links are links that point to content or blog posts and pages out of your blog.
Links are also one major thing where you can connect a newer post that you recently published on your blog with a post that is published years back.
Better internal linking improves the blog’s navigation, structure, and identification of the relevant content on the blog easily.
For example,
In this blog, I am talking about how a blog works and I link out to one of my previous blogs where I have written a blog post on how to select a blog topic.
You see that blue colored line, that’s a link.
That internal link to a post that is published way back.
External links are used by the blog author,
They are used to link out to some relevant resources in the blog which you haven’t covered in your blog but are useful for your audience.
This is how a blog works.
Now, you read how to blog post ranks and helps you earn money.
How blog ranks?
When you publish blog posts on your blog, it is a unique URL on google, and if you do SEO on your blog properly,
Google bots will crawl your website and index your blog in the google database.
Your blog will potentially rank on google.
Google uses over 200 different factors to rank websites on it.
Why rank on google?
Because Google is the largest search engine on the planet.
Billions of people use Google to search for different queries.
More and higher rankings on google mean more clicks and more traffic to your blog.
Here is a shortlist of 3 important ranking factors:
- Backlinks.
- Ctr.
- Dwell time.
how blog makes money?
After getting some traffic from google and social media channels.
You can monetize your blog through so many different ways,
Here are 5 ways:
- Placing advertisements on your blog.
- Selling affiliate products and earning a commission.
- Selling digital products like ebooks and courses.
- Doing paid consultation.
- Offering a membership site.
How often should you blog to see results?
In this part, you will learn exactly how often you should blog to see actual results on search engines.
Let’s understand them in detail.
Answer these 5 questions.
You first answer these 5 important questions,
-
What is your niche?
This one is very important,
Why
Because
When you know your niche, you know the keywords, the topics you have to cover,
Is it b2b or b2c?
You will come across the competitors of your niche.
Look at the competition in the niche.
Search for gaps in the niche which are not filled in by your competitors.
See, what’re your competitor’s strategy, analyze it, and replicate it if it is very effective.
Do, what your competition is not doing,
Focus on keywords and topics your competition did not care about.
Analyze how much content is needed to solve the problem you found in the gap.
It is both in terms of length and depth of blogposts.
By the way, you should not just focus on blogposts now,
You should also consider,
- Images.
- Videos.
- Podcasts.
Do what your competition is not doing.
-
How old is your blog?
It is the question you need to ask which is,
How old is your blog?
The age of the website has a direct link to the authority of the website and rankings of blogs in search engines.
If you have a well-established site and blog with over a good number of blogposts and rankings on good keywords on search engines,
You might not need to publish blogs more often than those which are brand new on the internet.
If your blog is only a couple of months old and you only have a few bunch of articles on it,
You should speed up a little bit.
If you publish a blog once a while, Google is not going to care for you.
You need to speed up things a bit.
You need to have that link velocity on your blog so that Google can identify your blog in its database and give your blog a try in search results.
If you are new, you need to hustle a lot to make it through that sandbox.
-
What is your content strategy & goals?
After analyzing your competition,
Which format of content did you found to be most effective to your audience,
- Is it lists posts?
- Are they infographics?
- Is it statistics?
- Is it case studies?
- Is it videos?
You need to figure out your content strategy and what are the goals you want to achieve with your content strategy,
Do you want,
- More sales of your affiliate products.
- More income from email campaigns of your products.
- More traffic from google.
There are different things you need to do to meet the different needs and goals of your content strategy,
You might have to focus on ads sometime, or focus on email campaigns and lead magnets or focus on promoting your blog more sometimes.
It is not always about more content.
It depends on your current content strategy and your goals.
-
What are your resources?
Do you have a team of writers and designers or you are the only guy researching and writing articles behind the blog?
If you are the only one, you either need to hire a few people as writers or hustle more.
Because
It is not just about writing and publishing content,
You need someone to look after the graphics and multimedia part, promotion part of your blog on social media, updating your existing content, etc.
If it is all done by yourself, It is going to be very tough to handle and move.
-
How is your audience engaging with your existing content?
Open your google analytics and look at the existing data to see how the audience is interacting with the informational articles on your blogs.
Are they spending more time reading the blogs or are they just quitting or bouncing away?
If you haven’t figured it out yet, then experiment and see.
This gives you an idea of whether or not you should publish more often informational and value-rich blog posts or not.
It also gives you an idea of what kind and format of the content is working really well for you with your audience,e
- Is it lists?
- Is it how-to posts?
- Is it guides?
- Is it infographics?
- Is it videos?
You get it.
When you have that idea, you have a clue of what kind of blogs you have to publish and how often you need to publish, the time it takes to publish, etc.
If you ever come across anything like quantity over quality, here is a detailed comparison between differences between both.
Let’s find out.
Quantity vs quality which one is the best?
Here is a quick comparison table between blogging once a day and blogging once a week.
|
|
Factors:
|Blogging once a DAY.||
|
Blogging once a WEEK,
|
|
Meaning:
|It is where you publish blog posts on your blog once or twice a day.||
|
It is where you publish blog posts on your blog once or twice a week.
|
|
Pros:
|– You have more chances of getting more traffic from search engines.
|
– You give more reasons to users to stick on your website.
– Because you publish blogs frequently, you have high link velocity and your blogs will get faster indexing and faster rankings.
|
|
– You have more time to do research and write quality and highly researched in-depth posts.
– You have more time and energy to share with your family and friends.
– You have a good audience that won’t look at you as spam.
– You can frequently update your blog posts.
– Your blog posts will get index slow but rank for a long time because blog posts are of high quality.
– You have more time promoting your blog posts.
– Your traffic will convert more into leads and sales.
|
|
Cons:
|– You have high chances of running out of ideas and topics to write about.
|
– You have less time and energy to focus on with your family and friends.
– Your existing audience and email subscribers will leave due to the constant spamminess of notifications of posts.
– You will hurt your blog posts quality and the audience will bounce back due to insufficient information and cause lower rankings in search engines.
– Updating the old content is next to impossible.
– You have less time promoting your content.
– Your traffic will convert less into sales and leads.
|
|
– You have fewer chances of getting more traffic from search engines.
– You give fewer reasons/fewer opportunities for users to stick on your website.
– Because you publish blogs not so frequently, you have less link velocity which will reduce the speed of your blog post indexing and faster rankings.
|
|
Example:
|Seth Godin.||
|
Backlinko.
Gotcha.
I believe both quality and quantity is required.
Let’s figure out the exact frequency which you must follow.
What’s the ideal blog post frequency?
There is no such exact number.
It depends.
Here are a few facts you keep in mind,
- Hubspot has done research on companies that publish 16 or more than that of blogs a month get 3.5x times more traffic than companies that publish blogs less than 4 times a month.
- It is obvious fact that when you have more content [blogposts] on your blog, you have more opportunities to get more traffic to your blog from social media and search engines.
- According to backlinko study, content more than 3000 words gets 77% more links and higher rankings than blogs with less than 1000 words long.
- A blog gets 70% of its traffic from its older content.
- More high-quality in-depth blog posts on a topic obviously increase brand awareness of your blog on the internet.
After all the facts, the ideal number is,
3 blog posts a week in my perspective if your blog has fewer people or you alone.
If you have more resources, a larger team, and higher capacity, different goals.
You can scale your blog publishing schedule, by publishing 11 or 16 posts a week a month.
No problem with that, because you have more people to take care of things.
Google does not really ask you to publish these many articles a week and month to rank you,
There is no rule like that,
There are over a billion blogs on the internet.
So don’t obsess too much about the quantity.
There is already so much quantity out there,
Focus on, quality.
- More word count.
- More research.
- More multimedia.
Make every blog a complete resource of that topic on the internet.
My content strategy.
Well, currently I have clear cut goals,
- More search engine traffic.
In order to get that done
I focus on publishing 3 blogs a week each one, an average of 3000 words long to maintain that quality alongside.
Ending remarks.
There you go, I have answered all the queries in detail on how a blog works and how often should you blog to see results.
Do consider sharing the blog with your family and friends, if you found this blog to be helpful.
Sharing is caring.
Read my other blogs,
- Pros and cons of SEO.
- Advantages and disadvantages of the blogger.
- pros and cons of blogs without a domain and cms.
I will catch you next time,
Till then,
Keep learning, keep growing.
Hi, I am Praneeth Kumar [19 years aged guy] founder and owner of this blog, I am a blogger and an online entrepreneur by passion and a college student in the Arts Education branch, You can learn my story from a college student to a blogger on the about me page. | https://entrepreneurshipera.com/how-blog-works/ |
We connect trusted investors, blockchain projects, exchanges, media, and influencers in all sectors to contribute to the emerging global blockchain ecosystem. With the aim of closing deals, creating business alliances and network expansion, over 2000 participants from more than 50 countries will join us.
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The Region 8 Laboratory Services and Applied Sciences Division (LSASD) plays a critical role in protecting people's health and the environment through the analysis of air, water, soil, and biota samples (plant, fish, and occasionally, mammalian tissue). EPA analysts use state of the art instruments and techniques and apply rigorous quality assurance methods to ensure quality data.
The laboratory analysts are pleased to offer technical guidance and project assistance. The LSASD meets the varied needs of many internal as well as external customers, including Region 8 Programs, EPA's Office of Research and Development, federal agency partners, tribal, state and local governments, and non-governmental organizations.
The lab offers:
- Inorganic Chemical Analysis
- Organic Chemical Analysis
- Metals Chemical Analysis
- Microbial Analysis
- On-site field evaluation and sample collection
- Water and soil toxicological evaluation
- Training for laboratory analyses and field collection
- Technical guidance
The Region 8 Laboratory Facility is located in the Denver Federal Center in Lakewood, Colorado, approximately ten miles west of the Region 8 office building in downtown Denver. The Facility's mobile laboratory is maintained and available for emergency response and remote field sampling, testing, and analyses.
Organization
Sandra Spence, Laboratory Services and Applied Sciences Division Director
- Phone: 303-312-6947
- Email: [email protected]
Wendy O'Brien, Laboratory Services and Applied Sciences Division Deputy Division Director
- Phone: 303-312-6712
- Email: [email protected]
Mark Burkhardt, Laboratory Director
- Phone: 303-462-9469
- Email: [email protected]
Inorganic Chemical Analysis Section
What We Do: The inorganic chemistry section at the Region 8 Lab can perform a myriad of chemical tests. When people think of an analytical chemist's job, they most commonly associate the duties performed in the inorganic chemistry lab. We monitor many important water quality parameters. Ammonia, nitrate and phosphorous loading of streams and lakes can lead to eutrophication (the depletion of oxygen in waters due to nutrient loading). High biological oxygen demand (BOD) depletes the oxygen supply to the point where fish cannot live. pH changes can determine the bioavailability of toxic metals. Carbon content of a body of water can effect the toxicity of metals present.
The quantity of substances we test for is not always the most important information. Sometimes the source of a pollutant can be identified by changes in pollution concentration between different sampling locations. For example, high nutrient loading in a stream downstream from a sewage treatment plant may actually be due to fertilizer runoff from agricultural concerns upstream.
Organic Chemical Analysis Section
What We Do: Region 8 has a virtual state of the art facility for the extraction and analysis of many organic compounds. The main focus of the organic section is in the area of drinking water (CWA and SDWA), but is by no means limited to just those two federal programs. The laboratory is equipped to support all the programs within the Region (RCRA, CERCLA, Pesticides, NPDES, state, tribal, and local facilities). The new laboratory facility in Golden houses an extensive area for the preparation and analysis of organic compounds in many matrices (water, soil, plant and animal tissue, etc.) There are three laboratories dedicated to sample preparation and seven separate laboratories for gas chromatographic (GC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) instrumentation.
Metals Chemical Analysis Section
What We Do: The six states of Region 8 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY) have many active and abandoned hard rock mines, smelters and tailings piles. Because of the potential for metals leaching into snowmelt and rainwater thereby impacting groundwater and surface streams and lakes, a large proportion of the Laboratory's work involves testing for metals in soils, sediments, biota or tailings.
Nutritionally, metallic elements are crucial in many metabolic processes. Yet, too much of certain metals in food, water, air or soil can be detrimental to the organism. Thus EPA and other organizations and agencies have set concentration limits for these commonly occurring elements in drinking water, ambient streams, waste water, hazardous wastes disposal, and growing soils.
Normally to test these various matrices for toxic metals, a preparation step (e.g. digestion) is required to release the metals from their bonded state to available ions in solution. Reduction or containment of metals releases, is the ultimate goal of monitoring metals by the Regional Laboratory's metals section. Broad-based watershed studies provide assessment of the current status for large areas; site specific analysis can reveal the potential contamination and risk from a superfund site, hazardous waste spill or permit discharge.
Microbial Analysis Section
What We Do: Current Region 8 microbiology capabilities include routine microbial analysis of heterotrophs, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and enterococci in drinking water, wastewater, surface water, and groundwater. Methods used during routine testing include the EPA approved heterotrophic plate count methods, membrane filter method, multiple tube fermentation method, and the chromogenic/fluorogenic substrate methods.
Region 8 also performs laboratory studies to enumerate and identify microbes associated with mining activities and wastes including iron and sulfur oxidizers, sulfate reducers, iron reducers, arsenic reducers, as well as others. Region 8 routinely performs studies involving the culturing and handling of strict anaerobes. Methods for enrichment and culturing of organisms are developed at the Region 8 Laboratory.
The Region 8 staff has experience in conducting bioremediation studies on contaminants including recalcitrant chlorinated aliphatic solvents, PCBs, oils/petroleum products, and metals associated with mining wastes. The experimental design and methods developed are based on project needs.
In the near future, Region 8 will have the capability of performing rapid tests to detect and identify pathogens in various environmental media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capabilities for detection of E. coli and other microbial indicators of human fecal contamination or disease will be available for routine use. | https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-region-8s-laboratory-services-and-applied-sciences-division |
Childhood Obesity through Healthy Eating and Active Living
Excess weight has become a prevalent problem in the United States. Being overweight or obese can indicate an unhealthy lifestyle that puts individuals at risk for a variety of further health issues including hypertension, heart disease and diabetes. Healthy lifestyles including healthy eating and regular physical activity habits begin at an early age and can be linked to a number of factors including the social and physical environment.
The societal trend toward unhealthy body weight has also occurred among children. The indicators below display the results of a recent sample of third grade students from Belknap County. The proportion of overweight or obese children in the region is higher than overall rates across New Hampshire.
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Geographic Area
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Percent Obese, 3rd grade students
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Percent Overweight or Obese, 3rd grade students
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Belknap County
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15.4%
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31.9%
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New Hampshire
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12.6%
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28.0%
Data Source: NH 2013-2014 Third
Grade Healthy Smiles-Healthy Growth Survey, NH DHHS.
Regional rates are statistically different and higher than overall NH rates.
Young children from lower income families in Belknap County who are served by federally funded Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) programs are also more likely to be obese (17.2%) compared to the state overall (14.2%).
Obesity prevention can begin at birth. Research has shown that breastfeeding not only improves the health of babies, but also of mothers who breastfeed. Breastfed babies are less likely to develop chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and breastfeeding mothers are less likely to experience postpartum depression, or develop ovarian and breast cancers, and type 2 diabetes. In New Hampshire, the percentage of babies who started breastfeeding increased from 81% in 2000 to 86% in 2010. Further, the percentage of babies being breastfed at six months of age increased from 34% in 2000 to 54% in 2010.
Regional Initiatives and Opportunities
A region-wide Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL) Coalition is working to address childhood obesity and chronic disease through this community health improvement plan. Regional assets and opportunities for supporting this work include:
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· Good access to natural recreational resources;
· Trail system availability and expansion including ongoing development of the WOW trail;
· Local farms and buy local foods initiatives;
· Local Healthy Eating, Active Living Coalitions;
· Motivational Interviewing training for all medical students through LRGHealthcare
· Physical Activity and Nutrition policy development in schools, community centers and worksites.
Goals, Objectives and Strategic Approach
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Goal 1
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Promote healthy eating and active living at an early age to reduce the lifelong burden of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer.
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Objective 1
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Reduce overweight and obesity rates among elementary school age children by 5% by 2020.
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Objective 2
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Reduce obesity rates among young children, ages 2-4, served by the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program by 3% by 2020.
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Objective 3
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Increase the percentage of women who initiate breastfeeding of newborns by 5% by 2020.
Strategic Approach
Strategic Approach
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STRATEGY 1: Increase access to healthy and affordable fruits and vegetables (community gardens, farmer's markets with EBT, gleaning, in food pantries).
STRATEGY 2: Provide education and ongoing support to young families - especially families served by the women, infants, and children (WIC) program - on budgeting, shopping, and cooking healthy meals.
STRATEGY 3: Partner with schools to implement best practices in promoting healthy eating and physical activity.
STRATEGY 4: Promote livable, walkable community design.
STRATEGY 5: Support safe, accessible public spaces for physical activity (parks, trails, sidewalks, bike paths, good lighting).
STRATEGY 6: Work with patients and regional providers of perinatal services, such as the LRGHealthcare Family Birthplace, to review and improve current strategies for promoting breastfeeding.
NH WIC enrolled children ages 2-4, 2012-2013; accessed by NH Health WISDOM, 2015.
Office on Women's Health in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . Retrieved from WomensHealth.gov: www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/why-breastfeeding-is-important/index.html
Press Release. New Hampshire Breastfeeding Rates Rise Along With Decrease In Obesity Among Low-Income Children. Maternal and Child Health, NH Department of Health and Human Services. Publish Date: August 16, 2013oon... | http://www.pphnh.org/public_health.php?meta=Childhood_Obesity_through_Healthy_Eating_and_Active_Living&pid=108 |
10 Common Signs of Depression versus 10 Hidden Signs of Depression
Depression can present itself in many different ways. Some common signs of depression include the following.
- sadness, loneliness, or emptiness
- loss of interest in things normally enjoyed
- tiredness and chronic low energy
- difficulty thinking clearly, concentrating, making decisions or remembering
- feelings of worthlessness and guilt
- irritability, frustration or anger
- restlessness and agitation
- sleep disturbances
- change of appetite
- recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
There is also something called hidden depression or “functional depression” where the individual with depression may not experience the common signs of depression, but the depression manifests itself it other, less obvious, ways, such as the following.
- perfectionism with a constant, critical inner voice
- heightened or excessive sense of responsibility
- difficulty with accepting and expressing painful emotions
- worry or need for control over self and environment
- intense focus on tasks, using accomplishments as a way to feel valuable
- active concern about the well-being of others, while not allowing anyone into his inner world
- discounts or dismisses hurt or abuse from the past, or the present
- accompanying mental health issues involving control or escape from anxiety
- a strong belief in “counting your blessings” as the foundation of well-being
- intimate relationships may be difficult, but are accompanied by professional success.
If you recognize any of these symptoms in yourself lasting more than a few weeks, please talk to your doctor about them. Depression is a real illness and is not something we can wish away or control by will power alone. Get the help you need so you can live the life you were meant to have.
Source: rtor.org
5 Things to Remember
- Asking for help is strength.
- Small steps are progress.
- Having a bad day is okay.
- You don’t have to be perfect.
- People love and appreciate you.
Source: unknown
4 Areas Affected by Depression
Depression affects the whole person. Not just our thoughts, not just our emotions, not just our behavior. It affects everything, including our physical body as well.
In a nutshell, below is how depression may present itself in these four areas.
- THOUGHTS
- self-criticism
- impaired memory
- indecisiveness
- confusion
- thoughts of death and suicide
2. EMOTIONS
- sadness
- anxiety
- guilt
- anger
- mood swings
- irritability
3. BEHAVIOR
- withdrawal from others
- neglect of responsibilities
- changes in personal appearance
4. PHYSICAL
- chronic fatigue
- lack of energy
- sleeping too much or too little
- weight gain or loss
- loss of motivation
- substance abuse
If you recognize these symptoms of depression in you or someone you care about, talk to a doctor about it. There is help for those who suffer from depression. I am one of those people. It is not the end of the world. There is life beyond depression. It does go away. Getting through it until it is gone is what you need help with. I can share my experience with you via my Facebook page here. Or feel free to comment below.
Symptoms and Behaviors of People with Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder that causes people to be fearful of social situations where they might be embarrassed or judged. Psychological symptoms include self-consciousness when around other people, excessive worry about upcoming events where interaction will be expected, avoidance of places or events where people gather, and difficultly making friends and maintaining friendships. Physical symptoms include excessive sweating, difficultly speaking or catching one’s breath, a sensation of flushing, trembling or uncontrollable shaking, and nausea.
There are many behaviors people with social anxiety may do or not do in an attempt to cope with the overwhelming anxiety this disorder produces such as not talking because of being afraid of being judged, not being able to go anywhere alone, staying inside all day, hating when the teacher calls on you in class, avoiding eye contact with others, avoiding eating in front of others, counting money before you pay, not leaving voicemails, not asking for help when you need it, always preparing what to say ahead of time, being worried about running into people you know, going to the bathroom to escape, using a phone or some other crutch to avoid people, dwelling on a small awkward moment for much longer than necessary, never going to any social event without a person that makes you feel comfortable and following said person way too much, worrying about the person beginning to find you obnoxious, and faking an illness to get out of a social event.
Have you done any of these behaviors to deal with social anxiety? How else do you cope with your social anxiety? What are some positive ways to cope with social anxiety disorder?
Reference: socialanxietydisorder.net
Signs of Overthinking and What to Do About It
Thinking about things is good, right? When we have important decisions to make we have to think about them before committing one way or another to ensure we are making the correct decision. We have to weigh the pros and cons, ask others for advice, sleep on it; you know, think about it. After all, thinking is one of the main things that distinguishes us from the rest of the animal kingdom.
Does there come a time, however, when thinking becomes a liability to our well being? I believe there does.
Signs of Overthinking
- second guessing everything
- analyzing things to death
- expecting the worst
- having insomnia
- hating to make decisions
- would rather someone else decide things for you
- regretting things often
- have a hard time letting things go
- taking things personally
- being a perfectionist
- criticizing yourself a lot
- never feeling one hundred percent certain
- feeling tense
- feeling like you can’t turn your brain off
What to do if you are overthinking
- Journal – writing down your thoughts can sometimes take them out of your head and keep them out. It is worth a try.
- Talk to someone about your thoughts – again the idea is to get the thoughts out of your head. The longer you keep them bottled up, the longer they will just swirl around in there.
- Use positive distractions – engage in a creative hobby, something that gains your entire focus so you are no longer thinking about anything else except for the task at hand. Sometimes our thoughts just need to be interrupted by action, whether we feel like taking that action or not.
Are you an overthinker? I am. What do you do to deal with it? Leave a comment or message me on my Facebook page here.
References:
8 Ways to Help Someone With an Anxiety Disorder
Chances are you or someone you know has an anxiety disorder since it is the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting over eighteen percent of the population (reference). But do you know how to help that someone, or better yet tell others how to help you if you are the one who has the anxiety disorder?
Below are eight ways to help someone with an anxiety disorder.
- Be predictable. Don’t surprise them. If you say you are going to show up at a certain time, be on time. Don’t change plans at the last minute or bring an unplanned guest to dinner or take them on an impromptu date or a spur of the moment trip. People with anxiety need time to prepare mentally and emotionally, as well as physically, for most events. Give them that time and notification well in advance.
- Don’t assume you know what the person needs, ask them. How long do they need to prepare for events? Don’t guess. Ask them. When they are worried or stressed, don’t come up with solutions for them. Ask them what would help them at that moment or in general. If they don’t know then tell them you are there for them when they think of something, which brings us to number 3.
- Let the person with the disorder set the pace for recovery. Don’t pressure them to get well quicker than they are able to. Don’t expect fast fixes or for coping skills to work perfectly every time in every instance. Recovery is slow and messy. It is not a straight forward moving process. It is some steps forward and many back and some more forward and back again. Eventually the forward steps out number the backward ones, but it happens over time, not over night.
- Speaking of progress, it is best to find something positive in every attempt at progress. Meaning even if the attempt is unsuccessful that time, something positive should still be acknowledged about the attempt so as to encourage subsequent attempts in the future.
- Take care of yourself first. Don’t sacrifice your own life wants and needs too often. This will only lead to resentments later on. It will do neither of you any good if you both are ill.
- Don’t get emotional when the person with the disorder gets upset or panics. Keep a calm, cool demeanor, talk with a compassionate tone and when all else fails take a time out, telling the person you need to walk away for a moment to gather your thoughts, and come back when you can deal with him or her. If he or she is being irrational, sometimes it is impossible to rationalize with him. It is best just to validate his feelings (because feelings are not right or wrong, they just are) and keep him safe and see number 7.
- Encourage them to seek out therapy. You are not a professional. And even if you are, you cannot treat your own friend or family member objectively. Most people with anxiety disorders need some type of professional help.
- Finally never ridicule or criticize a person for being anxious or panicky. It is truly a physiological and psychological phenomenon beyond their conscious control in many instances that takes months, if not years, to figure out and overcome.
If you have any questions about anxiety disorders in general or panic disorders or complex PTSD, I have experience with all of them and would be glad to discuss. Leave a comment or contact me via my Facebook page here.
Reference: http://www.HealthyPlace.com
8 Warning Signs You are Mentally and Emotionally Exhausted
We all have rough days where we are tired, irritable, or anxious. Maybe we didn’t sleep well the night before or we have a big test coming up or deadline at work. Maybe the kids are acting up and your husband forgot your birthday.
Things happen that make us feel bad for a little while, but when these negative emotions last for more than a few weeks or more, you may want to consider talking to your doctor or a professional counselor about it.
Here are eight warning signs you may be mentally and emotionally exhausted:
- You are easily irritated. Everything gets on your nerves and just kind of bugs the heck out of you.
- You have no motivation to do anything even the things you usually love doing.
- You are having anxiety or panic attacks, which include racing heart, rapid breathing, feeling like you’re going to pass out or die, or even less intense – just worrying incessantly about the same things over and over again and are unable to make yourself stop.
- You are having trouble sleeping. You either can’t fall asleep, can’t sleep through the night, and/or wake up early in the morning before you have to get up.
- You have little patience and lose your temper easily with family, friends and coworkers.
- You start crying out of nowhere. Sitting at your desk, taking a shower, driving in the car just minding your own business and all of the sudden you burst into tears.
- You feel detached from reality, meaning that you go through your day without really feeling a part of anything or connected to anyone. You feel numb like you are experiencing the world through a fog.
- You feel empty. Although at times you feel strong emotions of anger, sadness, and fear, much of the time you actually feel void of any emotion. You feel like an empty vessel floundering in a vast sea of nothingness.
If you can relate to any of these signs, remember that you don’t have to go through this alone. I have been through all eight of these symptoms at one time or another. For me, talking to my doctor about them is the best way to ensure the symptoms do not get out of hand to the point of becoming dangerous to my well-being. I’d be happy to answer any questions you may have regarding mental health, depression, bipolar, borderline personality disorder, and anxiety. Contact me via my Facebook page. | https://writeintothelight.org/ |
During the period between the Mauryan and the Gupta eras (c. 200 BCE–500 CE) the Indic traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism were taking form and coherent systems of yoga began to emerge. This period witnessed many new texts from these traditions discussing and systematically compiling yoga methods and practices. Some key works of this era include the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, the Yoga-Yājñavalkya, the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra and the Visuddhimagga.
Overtraining occurs when a bodybuilder has trained to the point where his workload exceeds his recovery capacity. There are many reasons why overtraining occurs, including lack of adequate nutrition, lack of recovery time between workouts, insufficient sleep, and training at a high intensity for too long (a lack of splitting apart workouts). Training at a high intensity too frequently also stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) and can result in a hyperadrenergic state that interferes with sleep patterns. To avoid overtraining, intense frequent training must be met with at least an equal amount of purposeful recovery. Timely provision of carbohydrates, proteins, and various micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, even nutritional supplements are acutely critical. A mental disorder, informally called “bigorexia” (by analogy with anorexia), may account for overtraining in some individuals. Sufferers feel as if they are never big enough or muscular enough, which forces them to overtrain in order to try and reach their goal physique.
The first known appearance of the word "yoga", with the same meaning as the modern term, is in the Katha Upanishad, probably composed between the fifth and third century BCE, where it is defined as the steady control of the senses, which along with cessation of mental activity, leading to a supreme state.[note 13] Katha Upanishad integrates the monism of early Upanishads with concepts of samkhya and yoga. It defines various levels of existence according to their proximity to the innermost being Ātman. Yoga is therefore seen as a process of interiorization or ascent of consciousness. It is the earliest literary work that highlights the fundamentals of yoga. White states:
The Mayo Clinic Diet is the official diet developed by Mayo Clinic, based on research and clinical experience. It focuses on eating healthy foods that taste great and increasing physical activity. It emphasizes that the best way to keep weight off for good is to change your lifestyle and adopt new health habits. This diet can be tailored to your own individual needs and health history — it isn't a one-size-fits-all approach.
Many other important bodybuilders in the early history of bodybuilding prior to 1930 include: Earle Liederman (writer of some of bodybuilding's earliest books), Zishe Breitbart, Georg Hackenschmidt, Emy Nkemena, George F. Jowett, Finn Hateral (a pioneer in the art of posing), Frank Saldo, Monte Saldo, William Bankier, Launceston Elliot, Sig Klein, Sgt. Alfred Moss, Joe Nordquist, Lionel Strongfort ("Strongfortism"), Gustav Frištenský, Ralph Parcaut (a champion wrestler who also authored an early book on "physical culture"), and Alan P. Mead (who became an impressive muscle champion despite the fact that he lost a leg in World War I). Actor Francis X. Bushman, who was a disciple of Sandow, started his career as a bodybuilder and sculptor's model before beginning his famous silent movie career.
The general strategy adopted by most present-day competitive bodybuilders is to make muscle gains for most of the year (known as the "off-season") and, approximately 12–14 weeks from competition, lose a maximum of body fat (referred to as "cutting") while preserving as much muscular mass as possible. The bulking phase entails remaining in a net positive energy balance (calorie surplus). The amount of a surplus in which a person remains is based on the person's goals, as a bigger surplus and longer bulking phase will create more fat tissue. The surplus of calories relative to one's energy balance will ensure that muscles remain in a state of anabolism. | http://www.besthealthsupplements.net/diet-doctor-goulash-soup.html |
In addition, the writer of an essay should explain how each of the selected poetic devices expresses meaning. The tips that he gave helped to learn the correct tone and establish proper contact with patients. If you choose a rhyme scheme that makes your poem sound sing-song, it will detract from the quality of your poem. This tool helps identify problems in the working process and with finding solutions. Think outside of a typical rhyme because when you are delivering the piece, you have the authority and authorship to make each word sound the way you want it to - this is the power of slam poetry.
Another important tip is to do peer review where you share the essay with others who in turn help to correct the errors. I live in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, but still like to claim my Australian heritage. For a more detailed explanation of poem structure, I recommend the book. Hence, poetry analysis is more particular on dissecting and digesting the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of the language. This is a learned skill, but I promise it gets easier and you'll pat yourself on the back for doing it. To go beyond a simple poetry analysis for middle school try to show how it links to broader themes and the outside world.
If you are describing an event, follow the chronological sequence and try not to jump from one time to another. Tip 6 Use Concrete Words Instead of Abstract Words. Collect all information that arises in your mind and determine the points that stand out. We also offer editing and proofreading services and you can hire a qualified editor to improve the style and fix mistakes in the essays that you have written yourself and make them the best as they can be. How to write a sonnet When writing a Shakespearean-style sonnet, there are various rules you need to keep in mind.
Are there any links between the theme and the subject and what can analyzed from that? Depending on your taste, print the text and take a pen to make remarks, or write comments in a text file on a computer. In this short guide, we are going to explain how to analyze and explicate any poem and how to write a successful explication of a poem essay. Poem Structure - Lines and Stanzas This page is an introduction to poem structure and poetry techniques. Does the poet's persona differ to the character created and what can be analyzed from this? There's no perfect answer to the question. Make sure that it looks realistic and you will be able to complete it on time.
Do not be shy to share your thoughts. Take note of cacophonies and euphonies, or the harmonious and discordant sounding words. This means that one may find it beneficial to look up the poet, the date that the poem was written, and the cultural context of the work. That moment is then surrounded with other literary devices such as alliteration to make it extraordinary. Tip 8 Subvert the Ordinary. The most striking feature of this poem is its unique structure and layout.
It shows what the poet thinks about the event. It is also possible that the poet does not desire a response from the audience and is simply making a statement or expressing themselves. If you're doing this right, there's a good chance you'll head off topic. Summarize the most important findings to prove the thesis. Or are the lines packed solidly together?. In college, topics for reflective writing may sound more complex and require a deeper reflection, but still the basis will be around your first essays about summer. You can fix it later.
The individual behind the mask is, therefore, an aggrieved one. Your opinion and conclusions should be directly related to what you told at the beginning of your essay. Everything was included, possibly more than college courses can offer. This means that you need not use complex words to sound academic. There is a chance, however, that you don't get any local results. You're performing slam poetry for an audience - and you're judged by that audience.
Also look for groups of images described and patterns within this, what can be deducted from that? Last month we spotlighted activities. Do you have a story and a message that's ready to be shared? Dunbar applies imagery to create the mood of suspicion in the poem. The following discussion delves deep into the poem in a bid to deconstruct its general structure and unearth the literary devices and elements therein. Have you ever memorized a song you liked? Then you can do this, too. The main use of imagery in the starting line of the poem points out that feelings are involved yet they are hidden. This is a five line poem that contains twenty-two syllables total, following the pattern 2, 4, 6, 8, 2.
Write that sentence or sentences down. Look for wordiness, credibility, grammar, spelling, and accuracy. And if you have other thoughts on things you'd like to add that are topic-related, don't hold back - now's the time. Daniella Dautrich is a alumna and a graduate of Hillsdale College. Rather than tell a story, the speaker talks about his thoughts using a specific rhyming style.
Support them with arguments and examples. The amateur writer can try to elaborate on several existing ideas and theories. Summary about lessons learned Your outline may be different, as it depends whether you need to reflect on a book or something else. For example, a bird flying through the air can be seen as freedom and escaping usual conforms. Take the ordinary and turn it on its head. After reading the poem and its background, you may now deduce the topic and the theme. Just to echo, there are no rules around this. | http://mapoolcampus.com/how-to-write-a-poem-outline.html |
20060814
Macroscopic Entanglement in Quantum Computation Tokyo | 東京大学 "We investigate macroscopic entanglement of quantum states in quantum computers, where we say a quantum state is entangled macroscopically if the state has superposition of macroscopically distinct states. When the solutions are such that the problem becomes hard in the sense that classical algorithms take more than polynomial steps to find a solution, macroscopically entangled states are always used in Grover's algorithm and almost always used in Shor's algorithm. Since they are representative algorithms for unstructured and structured problems, respectively, our results support strongly the conjecture that quantum computers utilize macroscopically entangled states when they solve hard problems much faster than any classical algorithms."
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KHUNU SIZING
SWEATER SIZING
Measurements refer to body size, not garment dimensions, and are in inches.
Men's Size Sleeve Chest Small 32-33 35-37 Medium 33-34 38-40 Large 33-34 41-43 X-Large 35-36 44-46 XX-Large 36-37 47-49
All Khunu garments are sized based on a European/athletic standard. If you are generally between sizes for other brands, we'd suggest you order the larger size.
SOCK SIZING
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Following the adoption by the Competitiveness Council of the above mentioned decisions on 30 September 2002 delegations will find below for information the statements which will figure in the Council minutes.
I. Specific programmes "Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area" and "Structuring the European Research Area"
Re: Programme management
(a) The Council and the Commission state that:
The programme committee of each Specific Programme will meet in different configurations according to the nature of issues on the agenda to be discussed.
Regardless of configuration, the committee will always have the competencies of the programme committee as defined in Article 7 of the relevant specific programme decision.
The Commission services will ensure efficiency in the committees' overall work and specific support according to the configuration and agenda of each committee meeting. They will ensure that the agenda of each committee meeting in any configuration will be established in such a way and sufficiently far in advance as to enable Member States' delegations to identify the appropriate representatives for all issues on the agenda of the meeting, and to ensure the presence of appropriate specific expertise taking into account the characteristics of the specific areas involved and covering, as required, in particular:
(i) for the Specific Programme "Integrating and Strengthening the European Research Area":
- Life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health;
- Information society technologies;
- Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials and new production processes and devices;
- Aeronautics and space;
- Food quality and safety;
- Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems;
- Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society.
(ii) for the Specific Programme "Structuring the European Research Area":
- Research and innovation;
- Human resources and mobility;
- Research infrastructures;
- Science and society.
In this context, the agenda of a given meeting should not call upon the specific expertise of more than one of the above themes.
The programme committee for each specific programme will address horizontal draft measures concerning the programme as a whole, including those issues related to overall strategy and coherence.
For the specific programme "Integrating and Strengthening the European Research Area" the committee will also address all horizontal draft measures under the heading "Specific activities covering a wider field of research", as well as the particular draft measures related to "Research in support of policies and anticipating scientific and technological needs", "Horizontal research activities involving SMEs", "Specific measures in support of international co-operation"; and the part on "Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area", bearing in mind the need to ensure the presence of appropriate specific expertise where relevant.
In the more specific configurations the committee of each programme will address the relevant part of the work programmes and their periodic reviews, including the use of implementation instruments, any subsequent adjustment to their use, the content of the calls for proposals as well as the draft implementing measures concerning the approval of funding of RTD actions within the relevant field.
As for themes encompassing more than one domain, the agenda should be defined in such a way as to ensure, whenever appropriate, both the overall coherence as well as the more specific articulation of themes and expertise. This should apply in particular where calls for proposals and project funding are on the agenda.
The reimbursement of one representative and one expert/adviser, from each Member State, participating in programme committee meetings will be effected from the budget of each respective specific programme in full respect of its budgetary envelope. The reimbursement of the second person (expert/adviser) will not constitute a precedent for committees operating in other fields of Community policy.
(b) The Commission states that:
In order to ensure efficiency and transparency of implementation, it will systematically make available to the Programme Committee comprehensive information covering all the proposals received for RTD actions as well as those eventually funded, regardless of their size.
The Commission will provide the information in a user-friendly form, including whenever possible in electronic form, in time for the Committee to take due account of it, at least two weeks in advance for matters for the committee's opinion and one week for matters for information.
In addition to information periodically made public through the Annual Report under Article 173 of the Treaty, as well as through the monitoring and the 5-year assessment reports, data for each priority or area will be made available during the last quarter of each year that will encompass, in a consolidated presentation, the information regularly supplied to committees on programme implementation and budget execution.
This information will cover all stages, from calls for proposals, through the evaluation of proposed RTD actions, their selection, as well as the signature of contracts and their subsequent implementation.
It will in particular include an overview of each call and for each proposal:
- summary information;
- the evaluation panels' ranking and summary reports; and
- the Commission's intentions as to proposals to be rejected or to be retained for negotiation;
- total budget and requested Community contribution.
The Commission will provide information regularly, and at least annually, on:
- the contracts signed (including partners, areas, content, resources and Member States' participation) and on their major developments, together with - overviews of programme progress and implementation achievements, as well as - the lists of persons having acted as evaluators over the previous period once all decisions have been made on the relevant call.
II. Specific programme "Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area"
1) Re: Article 3, application of ethical principles
The Council and the Commission agree that detailed implementing provisions concerning research activities involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells which may be funded under the 6th Framework Programme shall be established by 31 December 2003. The Commission states that, during that period and pending establishment of the detailed implementing provisions, it will not propose to fund such research, with the exception of the study of banked or isolated human embryonic stem cells in culture. The Commission will monitor the scientific advances and needs as well as the evolution of international and national legislation, regulations and ethical rules regarding this issue, taking into account also the opinions of the European Group of Advisers on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology (19911997) and the opinions of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New technologies (as from 1998), and report to the European Parliament and the Council by September 2003.
The Council states that it intends to discuss this issue at a meeting in September 2003.
In the review of any subsequent proposal submitted to Council when applying Article 5 of the Decision 1999/468/EC the Commission recalls its statement concerning Article 5 of Decision 1999/468/EC , according to which the Commission, in order to find a balanced solution, will act in such a way as to avoid going against any predominant position which might emerge within the Council against the appropriateness of an implementing measure (cf. OJ C 203, 17.7.1999, p. 1).
The Council notes the intention of the Commission to submit to the programme Committee, established under the specific Research programme "Integrating and strengthening the ERA", procedural modalities concerning research involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells, in accordance with Article 6, paragraph 3, first indent.
The Council further notes the intention of the Commission to present to Council and Parliament in Spring 2003 a report on human embryonic stem cell research which will form the basis for discussion at an inter-institutional seminar on bioethics.
Taking into account the seminar's outcome, the Commission will submit, based on article 166 (4) of the Treaty, a proposal establishing further guidelines on principles for deciding on the Community funding of research projects involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells.
The Council and the Commission will do their utmost, counting on the support of the European Parliament, to complete the legislative procedure as early as possible and at the latest in December 2003.
The Council and the Commission expect that the above mentioned seminar will contribute, as suggested by the European Parliament, to a Europe-wide and well-structured discussion process on the ethical issues of modern biotechnology, particularly on human embryonic stem cells, in order to enhance public understanding.
The Council and the Commission note that the ethical acceptability of various research fields is related to the diversity among Member States, and is governed by national law in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. Moreover, the Commission notes that research using human embryos and human embryonic stem cells is allowed in several Member States, but not in others.
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Final Essay Assignment Description: “The Culture of God”
From the syllabus:
4) “The Culture of God:”
This essay offers students the opportunity to demonstrate what they have learned about “the
way of Jesus and everyday life,” and draw comparisons to their own experience, context, beliefs
and interests. This essay will integrate course content and include reflection on the student’s
primary source reading.
Purpose:
The final essay is an opportunity to demonstrate your comprehensive learning over the course
of the semester in relationship to these learning outcomes:
1. Identify and evaluate key characteristics of North American cultural trends, texts, and
practices that constitute everyday experience (PLO 2, 3);
2. Articulate and apply key insights from Christian theology and spirituality explored in the
class, in dialogue with everyday experience (PLO 1, 2).
3. Propose practical ways of bringing congruence between Christian faith and action in a
particular context (PLO 4).
4. Relate models of Christian spirituality to your own religious, philosophical, or cultural
assumptions (PLO 5).
A strong final essay not only shows effective integration of content, but effective use of the method
introduced through our study:
Content and Rubric:
Your essay will be evaluated according to the rubric that follows. I will not expect you to integrate all of
the course content provided as examples, but I do expect that you will effectively integrate relevant
course content under each heading. Your paper should be informed by our readings and discussion
through the course of the semester.
Rubric Checklist Comments
Overall Points: XX/40
❏ An “A” essay analyzes and integrates course content and
independent research. The essay demonstrates attention
to method, cultural analysis, and practical theology. It is
well written and conforms to academic standards for style
and clarity.
❏ A “B” essay shows a proficient understanding of course
content, and demonstrates independent research and
effective communication. It evidences use of practical
theological method. It is well written and uses consistent
academic style.
❏ A “C” essay shows a basic understanding of all required
content, and demonstrates average effort in
communication and/or integration of course content. It
may represent a lack of attention to method or consistent
errors in style.
❏ A “D” essay shows an undeveloped understanding of
course content, may lack specific elements of the
assignment description, or may demonstrate consistent
errors in articulating course content or communicating
coherently.
❏ Identify a question about North American Culture
relevant to everyday life (praxis) as you experience
it.
❏ Describes a cultural attitude, practice, or text with
reference to cultural characteristics encountered in
the course
❏ Offers (compelling) rationale for exploring this topic
❏ Everyday life: Provide a cultural description of this
issue/event/individual/attitude, employing your
learning about macro-level patterns and micro-level
practices in American culture.
❏ Macro: Cultural horizon, the good life, and cultural
identity
❏ Modernity (cultural horizon)
❏ Bellah and individualism (cultural
horizon/good life)
❏ Weber’s value spheres (cultural horizon)
❏ Micro: Scott on the study of everyday life (identifying
micro/macro relationships)
❏ Christianity and cultural religion in the U.S. (religious
sphere)
❏ The Way of Jesus: Use course content about
Christian spirituality to offer a theological
evaluation of your subject. Insights employed
should show relevance to your question, and clearly
integrate your learning from this course about the
way of Jesus as micro-level practices and macrolevel patterns. Include a description of your primary
source as a source in this discussion.
❏ A framework for the Christian cultural vision,
including one of the following:
❏ the “cultural horizon” revealed in God’s
saving acts, and/or
❏ the “cultural values” (good life) of the
Kingdom of God, and/or
❏ the “cultural identity” of discipleship.
❏ An articulation of your approach to the relationship of
Christianity and culture, drawing on Crouch.
❏ A characteristic of Christian spirituality from Hartin’s
text:
❏ Spirituality of Matthew’s Gospel
❏ Spirituality of Mark’s Gospel
❏ Spirituality of Luke’s Gospel
❏ Spirituality of John’s Gospel
❏ Insights from your individual primary source
reflections
❏ Use of one additional primary source author beyond
your individual primary source assignment
❏ Dorothy Day
❏ Theological Reflection: Place your cultural and
theological insights in dialogue,
❏ Demonstrates theological understanding of focus,
through
❏ Comparison or contrast between American
and Kingdom cultural visions, or
❏ Theological critique of focus, or
❏ Constructive theology/spirituality of focus
❏ The Way of Jesus and Everyday Life (praxis):
Propose a Christian approach to everyday life in
relationship to your question, as it might be
implemented by yourself or others who share your
experience.
❏ Concrete: Describes implications for everyday life in
terms of roles, responsibilities, routines, relationships.
How is this proposal lived?
❏ Integrative: Recognizes relationship of proposed
practice in macro/micro terms for American culture
and/or Culture of God. Why is this proposal relevant?
❏ Contextual: Identifies implications of behavior in
relationship to cultural characteristics (e.g. rulebreaking consequences). What is the cost of this
proposal for participants?
❏ Constructive: Provides critical assessment of this
proposal from author’s (student’s) perspective. Do you
believe your proposal to be realistic and/or beneficial?
Why?
❏ Essay meets assignment description for quality and
content of academic writing
❏ include two sources beyond assigned readings and
primary sources, (including one reference article), and
❏ meet academic standards of quality, format, and style.
❏ Essays should conform to the Turabian style guide
(notes and bibliography). | https://www.bestessayservices.com/blog/religious-essay-assignment-on-the-culture-of-god/ |
LA VERGNE — It’s 5 p.m., and while a majority of workers in Rutherford County are heading home from work, a group of aspiring boxers are just clocking in.
Such is a normal day at the La Vergne Boxing Club, opened by former professional boxers and Rutherford County residents Keith McKnight, Mike Rodgers and Ken Atkin.
All three — along with fellow former fighter Isaac Brown — spent their time around the pro boxing circuits. Now they’re in different vocations, back home and looking to give back to the community.
“Myself and Ken Atkin, we started in La Vergne years ago, around 1988,” said McKnight, who as “The Fighting Knight,” compiled a 44-4 professional record. “The program got bounced around and went to different places, but we always wanted to be in La Vergne where we were trained.
“We knew a lot of kids in the community could use it. A lot of kids don’t want to play baseball or soccer. Boxing is a great individual sport.”
Atkin got the ball rolling late last year, and began the search for a location to base the operation. Atkin, who as a La Vergne police officer, got the support of the La Vergne Fraternal Order of Police.
He finally found a suitable building when Crown Label and company president Alex Jenkins located next door to the Buchanan Road gym and agreed to donate an unused building.
“I can’t say enough about Alex Jenkins and Crown Label and what they did,” Atkin said. “Without a building, this thing would’ve been dead from the start.”
Rodgers, the “Honkytonk Hitman,” tracked down most of the equipment at a second-hand sporting goods store. McKnight began pouring in countless hours, not only training athletes, but talking up the gym around town.
“I heard about it from Keith,” said 20-year old Liz Dooley. “I was standing outside of work one day on my smoke break and I told him I had been trying to find a way to quit and get in shape. He said I should come down to the La Vergne boxing gym and here I am.”
Now, less than a year after the gym’s humble beginnings, between 25 and 40 athletes per day train with Atkin, McKnight, Rodgers and Brown.
On June 13, the gym — which fights under the name Club Knockout in competitions — held its first amateur boxing show with astounding results.
“We packed that place out,” said Atkin. “We set up some bleachers and we set up some chairs and they were all full.
“I bet if we could get 500 seats in there, we could probably have 500 people show up.”
The gym is hoping to host another show, tentatively scheduled for the last weekend in July.
One of the greatest benefits the La Vergne Boxing Club provides is affordability. The gym is open to everyone 8 years and up, and cost for kids between 8-18 is free. For those over 18, the cost is just $20 a month.
“Growing up, all of the other sports, you had to pay,” said Rodgers. “Boxing for us, none of it cost a dime. You go in, you work and you fight and you grow to love the sport.
“That’s something we wanted to give back.”
With no financial investment, more kids are likely to give boxing a shot.
Kyzala Hicks, a 14-year old rising freshman at Smyrna High School, decided to give boxing a try after learning about the gym from her mother, who is an acquaintance of McKnight’s.
“It’s just something I wanted to try,” said Hicks, who is still in her first week of training. “It’s different.”
While it may be too soon to guess what the future holds for the La Vergne Boxing Club or any of its boxers, for a group of former boxers, it’s already a success.
“We may never see a national champion, we may never see a world champion out of this group of kids,” said Rodgers. “But if they leave here saying ‘Yes ma’am’ and ‘Yes sir’ and make good grades and say their prayers, then we’ve won.”
http://www.dnj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200990628013
NEWS
La Vergne Boxing Club making fast strides
Galway Girl
"fine night for ducks - ain't it?"
You can get Fantasy
You can get Fantasy Girl from Peabody's in Chicago or Gamaphone in Chicago..they got all the old originals!..I lost my copy or did I lol Whatever haenpped to the SUPER MIX 6 and the HOT MIX 5? Serious Dj Crews! | https://www.honkytonkhitman.com/news/entry?id=134;fa=1 |
Neurotransmission in the nervous system is initiated at presynaptic terminals by fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and subsequent exocytic release of chemical transmitters. There are multiple methods to detect neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals. Most commonly employed methods monitor actions of released chemical substances on postsynaptic receptors or artificial substrates such as carbon fibers. These methods are closest to the physiological setting because they have a rapid time resolution and they measure the action of the endogenous neurotransmitters rather than the signals emitted by exogenous probes. However, postsynaptic receptors only indirectly report neurotransmitter release in a form modified by the properties of receptors, which are often nonlinear detectors of released substances. In the past decade, in addition to electrophysiological and biochemical methods, several fluorescence imaging modalities have been introduced which report synaptic vesicle fusion, endocytosis, and recycling. These methods either take advantage of styryl dyes that can be loaded into recycling vesicles or exogenous expression of synaptic vesicle proteins tagged with a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein variant at regions facing the vesicle lumen. This article provides an overview of these methods, with emphasis on their relative strengths and weaknesses, and it discusses the types of information one can obtain from them. | https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/optical-monitoring-of-exo-and-endocytosis |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
Description of the Prior Art
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention relates to a space photovoltaic power generation system for receiving sunlight in space so as to generate electric power, for transmitting the electric power to an electric power base via space by converting the electric power to a microwave, and for storing the electric power in the electric power base so as to allow the use of the electric power, and a power satellite and an electric power base for use with the system.
A solar cell is known as a small-size power generation system which utilizes sunlight. Furthermore, a photovoltaic power generation panel or the like, which can be set up on a building, is known as a power generation system intended for the home which utilizes sunlight. Such a photovoltaic power generation system built on the earth is not necessarily efficient fundamentally because of the attenuation of sunlight in the earth's atmosphere and the alternation between shade and light caused by the alternation between day and night. A solar panel, which can be installed in a satellite, is known as a photovoltaic power generation device intended for space. Satellites can thus achieve missions by privately generating necessary electric power for observation and communications, etc. by using a solar panel. In either of the prior art power generation systems, specific equipment connected to the solar cell by cable is adapted to use the energy generated by the solar cell.
On the other hand, as the communication technology progresses according to results of recent space development works and the construction technology to construct a large-scale space structure progresses, research and development of a system that receives sunlight in space, generates electric power, and transmits the generated energy to a specific place such as a specific location on the earth or in space has been actively conducted. There can be provided an example of such a space photovoltaic power generation system including a plurality of power satellites arranged in space, each of which can focus sunlight to a number of solar panels, photoelectric-convert the incident sunlight so as to generate electric power, and then generate a microwave based on the generated energy and transmit the microwave to an electric power base built on the earth. The electric power base built on the earth includes a receiving antenna for receiving incident microwaves. The electric power base converts the received microwaves into DC signals and then combine them into DC electric power.
To improve the power generation capability of the prior art space photovoltaic power generation system constructed as above, a large number of power satellites each for transmitting a microwave towards the ground by a transmission antenna thereof should be arranged in space. A problem is, however, that the microwaves transmitted, via the transmission antennas of the plurality of power satellites, from the plurality of power satellites interfere with one another. It can be assumed that the group of transmission antennas is a single huge phased array antenna for transmitting microwaves. A problem is, however, that as the number of power satellites is increased to improve the power generation capability of the space photovoltaic power generation system, the area of the array antenna defined as the group of transmission antennas is increased and the beam width of the microwave transmitted via the array antenna is therefore narrowed greatly, and this results in an increase in the per-unit-area electric power received on the earth.
The present invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problem. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a space photovoltaic power generation system capable of reducing the power density of electric power transmitted from a group of power satellites each for generating electric power from sunlight received to an electric power base on the earth and hence a loss in the total amount of energy transmitted to the electric power base on the earth, and a power satellite and an electric power base for use with the system.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a space photovoltaic power generation system comprising: a plurality of power satellites each for generating electrical energy from sunlight in space, for generating an incoherent microwave from the generated electrical energy, and for transmitting the incoherent microwave; and an electric power base located at a remote site for receiving a plurality of incoherent microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites, and for generating electric power from the plurality of incoherent microwaves received.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the plurality of power satellites includes a condensing and power generating unit for focusing sunlight in space and for converting the focused sunlight into electrical energy, and a transmission unit for generating a microwave based on the electrical energy from the condensing and power generating unit, for modulating the microwave so as to generate an incoherent microwave, and for transmitting the incoherent microwave to space. Each of the plurality of power satellites can include a plurality of condensing and power generating units each for focusing sunlight in space and for converting the focused sunlight into electrical energy, and a plurality of transmission units each for generating a microwave based on the electrical energy from the plurality of condensing and power generating units, for modulating the microwave so as to generate an incoherent microwave, and for transmitting the incoherent microwave to space.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric power base includes a receiving unit for receiving the plurality of incoherent microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites, a microwave-to-DC conversion unit for converting the plurality of incoherent microwaves received by the receiving unit into DC electric power, and a transmission unit for transmitting the DC electric power obtained by the microwave-to-DC conversion unit.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power satellite comprising: a condensing and power generating unit for focusing sunlight in space and for converting the focused sunlight into electrical energy; and a transmission unit for generating a microwave based on the electrical energy from the condensing and power generating unit, for modulating the microwave so as to generate an incoherent microwave, and for transmitting the incoherent microwave to space. Preferably, the power satellite can include a plurality of condensing and power generating units each for focusing sunlight in space and for converting the focused sunlight into electrical energy, and a plurality of transmission units each for generating a microwave based on the electrical energy from the plurality of condensing and power generating units, for modulating the microwave so as to generate an incoherent microwave, and for transmitting the incoherent microwave to space.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric power base comprising: a receiving unit for receiving a plurality of incoherent microwaves transmitted from a plurality of power satellites; a microwave-to-DC conversion unit for converting the plurality of incoherent microwaves received by the receiving unit into DC electric power; and a transmission unit for transmitting the DC electric power obtained by the microwave-to-DC conversion unit.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a transmit-receive relationship between a power transmission antenna of each of a plurality of power satellites and a receiving antenna of an electric power base, in a space photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of each of the plurality of power satellites and the structure of a control satellite, in the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a basic principle underlying combining of incoherent microwaves by the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention; and
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of an example of the power transmission antenna of each of the plurality of power satellites included in the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
A description will be made as to a space photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, a power satellite, a control satellite, and an electric power base for use with the system, with reference to Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a transmit-receive relationship between a power transmission antenna of each of a plurality of power satellites and a receiving antenna of the electric power base, in the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of each of the plurality of power satellites and the structure of the control satellite, in the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a basic principle underlying combining of incoherent microwaves by the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment. Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of an example of the power transmission antenna of each of the plurality of power satellites included in the space photovoltaic power generation system according to the embodiment.
In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a power satellite for generating electrical energy from sunlight received in space, for generating a microwave from the electrical energy, and for transmitting the microwave. As shown in the figure, the space photovoltaic power generation system is provided with a plurality of power satellites #1 to #n. Reference numeral 2 denotes a receiving antenna disposed in an electric power base, for receiving a plurality of microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites 1.
Each of the plurality of power satellites 1 further converts electrical energy, into which sunlight has been photoelectric-converted, into a microwave, and transmits the microwave to the receiving antenna 2 of the electric power base. Each of the plurality of power satellites 1. controls the microwave so that it is incoherent. As a result, the electric power base can generate electric power that is n times as large as the electric power transmitted by each of the plurality of power satellites 1 regardless of the difference among the distances R, R',..., and R'' between each of the plurality of power satellites 1 and the electric power base. In addition, the beam width of the microwave transmitted from each of the plurality of power satellites 1 can be prevented from reducing and the energy density (energy per unit area) can be therefore reduced.
If each of the plurality of power satellites 1 transmits the microwave to the electric power base without any control of the microwave, the microwaves from the plurality of power satellites 1 interfere with one another and the electric power generated by the electric power base is therefore reduced. In contrast, when each of the plurality of power satellites 1 transmits the microwave to the electric power base while making the microwave coherent, although the electric power base can generate electric power that is n times as large as the electric power transmitted by each of the plurality of power satellites 1, the beam width of the microwave from each of the plurality of power satellites 1 is reduced and the energy density is therefore increased.
The electric power base can be placed on the earth. As an alternative, the electric power base can be placed in such a location in space as a location of the surface of the moon, a space plant facility, or the like. When the electric power base is located on the earth, it is necessary to reduce the energy density of microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites from the viewpoint of the flora and fauna environment and electric wave trouble. To this end, it is desirable to transmit microwaves after making the microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites incoherent, as mentioned above. In addition, to reduce the energy density of the received microwaves, the receiving antenna 2 may have an area ranging from several tens of square kilometers to several hundreds of square kilometers. In general, such a huge antenna can be formed by arranging a number of antennas each having a specific size in the form of an array, for example. In this case, the electric power base can have a function of combining either the plurality of microwaves received via the plurality of antennas or a number of microwaves from a number of antenna groups in addition to a function of converting the composite microwave into a low-frequency wave.
Next, the structure of each of the plurality of power satellites 1 and the structure of the control satellite 3 will be explained with reference to Fig. 2. Each of the plurality of power satellites 1 is provided with a condensing unit 4 for focusing sunlight rays in space to an area, the condensing unit 4 being constructed of a catoptric system, a dioptric system, or the like. Each of the plurality of power satellites 1 further includes a photoelectric conversion unit 5 for receiving the sunlight focused by the condensing unit 4 and for converting the focused sunlight into electrical energy, a transmission unit 6 for converting the electrical energy generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 5 into a microwave, and a transmission antenna 7 for sending out the microwave to space. The transmission unit 6 is provided with a receiving antenna 8 for receiving a control signal from the control satellite 3, an amplifier 9 for amplifying a reference signal fo included in the control signal, a phase shifter 10 for phase-shifting the microwave according to an amount of phase adjustment included in the control signal, an incoherent modulator 11 for incoherent-modulating the microwave output from the phase shifter 12 by using a modulation technique, such as a spread-spectrum modulation, so as to output an incoherent microwave, and a high power amplifier 12 for amplifying the incoherent microwave from the incoherent modulator 11 with high power so as to output a microwave having power corresponding to the electrical energy generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 5. The transmission unit 6 further includes a demodulation unit (DEM) 13 for demodulating the control signal from the control satellite 3, and a functional unit 14 for generating and providing an instruction to the phase shifter 10 based on the amount of phase adjustment included in the control signal. Each of the plurality of power satellites 1 further includes a corner reflector 15 disposed to enable the control satellite 3 to measure the location of each of the plurality of power satellites 1. The corner reflector 15 only has to reflect either light or electromagnetic waves including light. The control satellite 3 is provided with an oscillator 16 for generating the reference signal fo, a mixer 17 for mixing a signal modulated according to the amount of phase adjustment calculated for each of the plurality of power satellites into the reference signal so as to generate the control signal, an amplifier 18 for amplifying the control signal to transmit the control signal to each of the plurality of power satellites 1, and a transmission antenna 19. The control satellite 3 is further provided with a location measurement unit 20 for measuring the location of each of the plurality of power satellites 1. A laser measurement unit can be used as the location measurement unit 20, and a measurement unit using an electromagnetic wave can be alternatively used. The control satellite 3 further includes a phase adjustment amount calculation unit 21 for calculating the amount of phase adjustment for each of the plurality of power satellites 1 based on a principle underlying the calculation of the phase adjustment amount, and a modulator 22 for modulating a signal according to the amount of phase adjustment calculated by the phase adjustment amount calculation unit 21.
Next, conversion of sunlight into a microwave and transmission of the microwave in each of the plurality of power satellites 1 will be explained. Each of the plurality of power satellites 1 focuses sunlight to the photoelectric conversion unit 5 by means of the condensing unit 4. This is because the energy density of the sunlight which the photoelectric conversion unit 5 constructed of a number of solar cells receives can be increased by focusing the sunlight to the photoelectric conversion unit 5. The condensing unit 4 can consist of a reflector or the like having a diameter of up to several tens of meters. As an alternative, the photoelectric conversion unit 5 can be so constructed as to receive sunlight directly, instead of the provision of the condensing unit 4. The photoelectric conversion unit 5 can consist of a plurality of solar panels arranged, and receive sunlight focused by the condensing unit 4 or directly receive sunlight and then photoelectric-convert the received sunlight into electrical energy. The electrical energy generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 5 is then input to the high power amplifier 12 within the transmission unit 6. Since the output of a solar cell is a DC component in general, the output is therefore changed in voltage and stabilized properly and is then input to the high power amplifier. The transmission unit 6 generates a microwave from the reference signal f0 included in the control signal which the transmission unit 6 has received from the control satellite 3 by way of the receiving antenna 8. The purpose of receiving the reference signal f0 from the control satellite 3 is to make the respective reference signals in the plurality of power satellites 1 in phase with one another. The reference signal is then amplified by the amplifier 9 and is phase-shifted by the phase shifter 10. The incoherent modulator 11 incoherent-modulates the microwave output from the phase shifter 10 by using a modulation technique, such as a spread-spectrum modulation, so as to output an incoherent microwave. The spread-spectrum modulation is a modulation technique that reduces the strength of the output microwave and spreads a band of transmitted frequencies over a broad band, thereby preventing the interference between the output microwave and other microwaves. Fundamentally, the total energy of the output microwave is the same as that not-yet-spread-spectrum-modulated.
The high power amplifier 12 then amplifies the incoherent microwave from the incoherent modulator 11 with high power so as to output a microwave having power corresponding to the electrical energy generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 5. This microwave is sent out to space by way of the transmission antenna 7. The phase shifter 10 is instructed by the functional unit 14 to phase-shift the microwave from the amplifier 9 based on the amount of phase adjustment included in the control signal from the control satellite 3. The control signal from the control satellite 3 includes a signal which has been modulated according to the amount of phase adjustment calculated for each of the plurality of power satellites 1. The demodulation unit 13 demodulates the control signal. The functional unit 14 generates bit information to be set to the phase shifter 10 based on the demodulated amount of phase adjustment.
S
Next, the control of each of the plurality of power satellites by the control satellite 3 will be explained. The control satellite 3 sends light or the like aiming at the corner reflector 15 located on each of the plurality of power satellites 1 to measure the location of each of the plurality of power satellites 1 by means of the location measurement unit 20. The phase adjustment amount calculation unit 21 then calculates the amount of phase adjustment for each of the plurality of power satellites 1 from data on the measured location of each of the plurality of power satellites according to the principle underlying the phase adjustment amount calculation. The modulator 22 modulates a signal according to the amount of phase adjustment calculated for each of the plurality of power satellites 1. The oscillator 16 generates a reference signal fo to be used by each of the plurality of power satellites, and the mixer 17 mixes the signal modulated according to the amount of phase adjustment into the reference signal fo so as to generate a control signal. The amplifier 18 amplifies the control signal to transmit it to each of the plurality of power satellites 1, and then transmits the amplified control signal to each of the plurality of power satellites 1 by way of the transmission antenna 19. The control satellite 3 further includes a communications antenna (not shown in Fig. 2) for catching a beacon signal from the electric power base in order to define a virtual plane used for the calculation of the phase adjustment amount.
Each of the plurality of power satellites generates and transmits a microwave to the electric power base after making the generated microwave incoherent, as mentioned above. Combining of the plurality of incoherent microwaves at the electric power base will be explained with reference to Fig. 3. In the case where each of the plurality of power satellites generates and transmits a microwave to the electric power base after making the generated microwave coherent, as shown in the upper part of Fig. 3, the plurality of transmission antennas of the plurality of power satellites can be assumed to be a single phased array antenna having a large aperture, and therefore, a microwave having a narrow beam width and hence a high energy density can be transmitted to the receiving antenna of the electric power base. It is, however, undesirable to transmit such a high-energy-density microwave to the ground from the viewpoint of the flora and fauna environment and electric wave trouble. In contrast, in accordance with the present invention, the incoherent microwave, which is transmitted from each of the plurality of power satellites 1, does not interfere with any other microwave transmitted from any other one of the plurality of power satellites 1, and the receiving antenna of the electric power base thus receives a low-energy-density microwave having energy equal to the sum of the energies of the plurality of microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites, as shown in the lower part of Fig. 3. Since each of the plurality of microwaves transmitted from the plurality of power satellites has a low energy density, but has a broad band, the sum of the energies of the plurality of microwaves is equal to that in the case as shown in the upper part of Fig. 3.
By adding one or more power satellites 1 constructed as above and applying the control signal from the control satellite 3 constructed as above to the added one or more power satellites, all of the generated microwaves including the microwaves from the added one or more power satellites can be made to be in phase with one another. Therefore, the electric power generation capability can be improved regardless of a limit on the photoelectric conversion capability of each of the plurality of power satellites 1, a limit on the high power amplification capability of each of the plurality of power satellites 1, and a limit on the power transmission capability.
As shown in Fig. 4, each of the plurality of power satellites 1 can include a plurality of condensing and power generating units 23 each for focusing sunlight and for generating electric power from the focused sunlight, and a plurality of transmission antennas 24 each for transmitting an incoherent microwave to space. Each of the plurality of power satellites 1 further includes a plurality of transmission units (not shown) each for generating and then incoherent-modulating a microwave based on part of the electric power from the plurality of condensing and power generating units 23 so as to generate the incoherent microwave to be transmitted to a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission antennas 24. Each of the plurality of condensing and power generating units 23 corresponds to the condensing unit 4 and the photoelectric conversion unit 5.
In accordance with the embodiment of the present invention, the space photovoltaic power generation system can thus transmit incoherent microwaves by way of the plurality of transmission antennas of the plurality of power satellites 1 to the electric power base, thus reducing the energy density of a composite microwave transmitted to the electric power base on the earth. The electric power transmission can thus be carried out with attention to the flora and fauna environment and electric wave trouble.
Many widely different embodiments of the present invention may be constructed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described in the specification. | |
Census 2020: Make Sure Florida Counts
Florida is now the third most populous state and by 2030, 26 million people will call Florida home.
An accurate Census provides important information for Florida’s businesses who rely on data to make business and economic decisions. Population density, worker education levels, transportation and housing data are among the statistics crucial to understanding the local and statewide economy. The U.S. Census will shape and secure the future of Florida by collecting valuable data:
Fair Representation
Provides an accurate population count that ensures every vote is counted and informs our government make up through reapportionment of state and federal offices
Distribution for Aide
Identifies poverty rates at the zip code level to aide businesses, governments, and support agencies with accurate data to allow aide to flow where it is most needed.
Federal Funding for Vital Programs
• Directs correct placement of critical infrastructure that address Florida’s transportation and logistical needs while protecting our precious natural resources.
• Allows for accurate needs assessments for healthcare, transportation, housing, and other critical resources.
Florida Chamber of Commerce President and CEO Mark Wilson serves on the 2020 Census Statewide Complete Count Committee, which is coordinating with the U.S. Census Bureau to ensure Floridians are accurately reflected in the federal count. He was appointed by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis. | https://www.flchamber.com/census-2020-make-sure-florida-counts/ |
Introduction: Scribing Post to Stone - NOW WITH MORE SHOU SUGI BAN!
Scribing and carving a wooden post to fit a stone is an old art...really old… likely thousands of years old. It is a gorgeous way to support a building that likely meets no modern building code, despite the fact that the oldest standing timber structures use this method. The process is time consuming, can be frustrating, and is totally worth trying.
Do I want to build a giant structure that can stand for 2000 yrs? Of course I do, just like I want to build a castle. But, alas, lacking an army of serfs to do my bidding... my more reasonable wife suggested I start on a smaller scale.
So for this Instructable I tried my hand at scribing a single post to a totally uneven stone and then given it the Shou Sugi Ban treatment, with a flamethrower. In the end I have created a very good looking address post
OR as my wife so eloquently **snarkily** described it, "a very nice burnt log on a rock"
So read on!
Supplies
Since this was for the hand tool only contest i have used... hand tools only. It would go way quicker with plug ins.
At a minimum you will need:
post
stone
hatchet
chisel
mallet
scribe
pencil
source of flame
wire brush
Step 1: Seek and Ye Shall Find
Find a post and a stone.
I suggest a stone larger than the post. My first stone *shown above* would have been a bit much I think for a trial run. If you want the post to last, pick a stone that allows water to drain away from the post. My log was Pine cut this year, the stone was from a delivery of 100 Tons of stones that I was not quite expecting to be quite this big, but that’s a different story. I had a lot to choose from...
Step 2: Plumbob Squarelog
If you have your stone in its final location you are good to go. It doesn’t have to be oriented any specific way other than to allow water to drain away from the post. I was planning to move my stone later but the bottom was flat so I considered it easy enough to move and maintain the orientation. Stand your post upon the log and plumb it up. Look at the unsightly gaps! A peasant wouldn’t even use this abomination of a post. Not only is it ugly, it's also guaranteed to fall over at this point. That is a poor design for a structure.
I used stone chips from a previous project trying to carve a stone to log to wedge the post plumb. Most people would use a couple of staked 2x4’s to prop up the post,. 2x4’s would have been better. More on that later.
Mark the stone and post with some reference marks. You will need these later.
Step 3: So… You Can Make This If You’re Cheap
But I would probably buy one if you’re deciding to make a living doing this… You will need a scribe.
I took some scrap bamboo and created a sort of compass thing then taped a pencil to it. On top of this I used a tiny level I found on the garage floor. Was it pretty? Nooooo. Did it function? Certainly well enough for a couple posts, it isn’t the most durable thing though.
Step 4: Scribey Scribey
Take your makeshift scribe-like-object put the level on it.
Touch the pencil to the log and the lower compass part to the stone just below the log.
Now run it slowly around the perimeter of the log KEEPING THE BUBBLE LEVEL.
If you don’t keep the bubble level you might as well just eyeball the whole project. The level is what keeps it all inline and on the same plane. You are transferring all of the contours of the stone onto the log so the two fit together like they were made that way. This is where my granite shim idea was shown to be less ideal. I had to jump the scribe up over the stone chips to get it all the way around and then go back and freehand those couple spots – It was not the best.
Step 5: Power Tools, Where Art Thou?
Since this was for a “handtool” only instructable contest (VOTE FOR ME) I forbade myself the pleasure of wearing muffs and eyepro and covering myself in sawdust. Instead I relied on a chisel and hatchet for the grunt work. There are several steps here
1.) Chisel the penciled scribe line all the way around
2.) Chisel/hatchet all the wood off that’s below that line
3.) Continue to chisel and hatchet
4.) Do it some more
5.) A little more
So, its not the quickest process and I likely didn’t have the right hand tools. But it worked. I found that using my hatchet as a 3’’ chisel worked pretty well as long as I banged it hard enough with a sheleighly. (wooden mallet but more fun to say)
Once you get the wood cut from below the scribe line its time for fit check. It likely wont be good.
In my mind it fit like a glove first try.
It didn’t.
Regardless you check and see what's getting in the way, then remove that. I used some charcoal on the stone to set the log down on the stone and see where the charcoal rubbed off, then I chopped and chiseled some more.
Step 6: If the Post Is Heavy, It Might Be Close Enough
This post was maybe 80lbs so it wasn’t terrible to move around, but it wasn’t fun either. After fit testing it 10 times I decided there’s no way I’m likely to do this for an entire building with posts twice as tall, by myself. At some point you have to say, this looks good enough. Unless you are a masochist this may be that point.
Step 7: Shou Piney Ban!
So, pine isn’t know for its great rot resistance. I decided I would go for a method of scorching the wood called Shou Sugi Ban (technically “burnt cedar board” I believe, so maybe this would have a different name?) Regardless the process seems to close up the wood pores and make it far more rot and insect resistant. Plus, it looks cool.
I tried with my soldering torch first. After 5 min I decided this job needed a "bigger hammer" and broke out the Weed Burner of Doom that lost me fire privileges when I was less than vigilant about a winter garden fire.
On a side note let me tell you, nothing puckers you up tighter than seeing a 40ft wide swath of fire move across your land. Regardless, I like to think we continue learning in life and I had a hose ready this time.
10 min of flamethrowery goodness and the log was sufficiently blacked.
Wire brush off the loose charcoally bits and you are good to go. I believe traditionally you now coat it with an oil/turpentine treatment but i don't have any so we shall see how it goes or i'll get to it later...when i build the 2000 yr house.
Step 8: A Hat and Some Accessories...
Since I figured the top of the pine log was going to rot if I didn’t do anything else I used some leftover flashing to create a hat over the endgrain. It was ugly brown aluminum flashing but a quick dusting of gold spray paint gave it a coppery look that I found appealing. I did the same to the house numbers and nailed them both on with copper nails.
Note, it appears copper nails need a hole premade or they become copper fish hooks.
Step 9: Final Placement and Some Notes on Shou Piney Ban
I cheated here and used my tractor to move the rock and log. Mostly because they are 400lbs together and I wasn’t looking forward to another MRI. Final placement and some adjustments and the address post is in place, plumb and sturdy. Yes, you could flying ninja kick it off the rock, but wind isn’t going to do it. Once scribed to the stone it sits quite solidly. If you put a house on it gravity will do the rest.
I’m pretty pleased with the look and practicality of my experiment. Is it perfect? No. Would I do it for a house? I'm still undecided on that, if so then it would be likely be on shorter piers vs full 8-10’ tall posts just to save my back.
I like the Shou Sugi Ban look, and its supposed to be very durable. I will say that it is not a clean process… I had a lovely coating of carbon from head to toe at the end of this project. In fact at the end I was so covered in soot that any photos of me would ruin my chances at a career in politics, or get me a job as a chimney sweep.
Regardless. Much like most of the other old school woodworking/stoneworking endeavors I have undertaken the process can be meditative, is a bit tedious, and is a good clue as to why ancient humans invented beer.
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See videos on this by "Mr Chicadee"
Nice! I like how that turned out. | http://media.nbcmontana.com/Scribing-Post-to-Stone-NOW-WITH-MORE-SHOU-SUGI-BAN/ |
Cosigning a loan is an important decision that carries with it many potential benefits. A person may voluntarily cosign on a loan with the primary borrower, who is typically a friend or relative. Cosigning allows the primary borrower to obtain a loan that they might not otherwise be qualified for due to restrictions, such as bad credit or a non-existing credit history, and gives the lender with some assurance that the loan will be paid for.
What Are Some of the Consequences of Cosigning?
There may also be serious consequences to cosigning a loan, since, by cosigning the loan, the cosigner assumes liability in case the borrower is unable to make payments. In some instances, the cosigner may be held liable for the full amount of the loan, as well as late fees or costs associated with collection. If the cosigner is required to pay off the entire loan, this required repayment may negatively affect the credit history of the cosigner.
If the borrower is unable to make payments on the loan, the loan will go into default status with the lender. In such instances, the lender is legally entitled to obtain monetary payments from a cosigner. Thus, the lender may be able to sue the cosigner for the existing debt or have the cosigner’s wages garnished in order to pay for the debt. For this reason it is important to discuss all the implications of cosigning with both the lender and the borrower whom you are cosigning with.
Can I Recover Property or Fees from a Loan That I Cosigned On?
While it is best to be prepared for the worst case scenario before cosigning the loan, there are several steps you can take to recover losses incurred if the loan goes into default. Here are some options to consider in such a situation:
- Ask whether the borrower can resume making payments
- If the borrower is unable to continue making payments, determine whether your budget will allow you to assume payments or ownership properties
- If you have assumed the entire payment amounts, consider whether the borrower will transfer their ownership interest to you in exchange
- If you have obtained an ownership interest over the properties attached to the loan, check to see if you can have the loan refinanced to reflect your sole ownership and whether you may legally purchase the property
- Inquire whether any properties tied to the loan may be sold in order to protect your credit rating
- Consult with the primary borrower in order to determine whether they can repay you the money that you spent in getting the loan out of default status
Do I Need a Lawyer to Advise Me On Cosigning a Loan?
While cosigning on a loan is mostly a personal decision, it can have heavy consequences for the cosigner. Thus, you may wish to hire a financial lawyers before you cosign in order to obtain advice and counseling regarding your options. It is a good idea to enter into a written contract with the borrower in which you outline specific steps to take in the event that the borrower goes into default with the lender. An experienced lawyer can help you draft such a contract so that your interests will be protected beforehand. | https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/recovering-property-from-a-cosigned-loan.html |
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Washington, DC— Carnegie scientists Michael Walter and Robert Hazen have been elected 2019 Fellows of the American Geophysical Union.
Fellows are recognized for visionary leadership and scientific excellence that has fundamentally advanced research in the Earth and space sciences. “Their breadth of interests and the scope of their contributions are remarkable and often groundbreaking,” said the organization in its announcement of the new class.
The Director of Carnegie’s Geophysical Laboratory, Walter is an experimental petrologist whose research focuses on early Earth’s history, shortly after the planet accreted from the cloud of gas
Washington, DC—Some volcanoes take their time—experiencing protracted, years-long periods of unrest before eventually erupting. This makes it difficult to forecast when they pose a danger to their surrounding areas, but Carnegie’s Diana Roman and Penn State’s Peter LaFemina are trying to change that.
“Dormancy, brief unrest, eruption—this is a familiar pattern for many volcanoes, and for many parents,” joked Roman. “But for some volcanoes the unrest is anything but brief—potentially lasting for decades.”
It turns out that these so-called “persistently restless volcanoes” experience three different
Pasadena, CA— Sometimes there is more to a planetary system than initially meets the eye.
Ground-based observations following up on the discovery of a small planet by NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) revealed two additional planets in the same system, one of which is located far enough from its star to be potentially habitable. These findings were announced in Astronomy & Astrophysics by an international team that included several Carnegie astronomers and instrumentation specialists.
The newly found exoplanets orbit a star named GJ 357, an M-type dwarf that’s about one-third of the Sun’s mass and located 31
A $2.7 million multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional NSF-Frontiers of Earth Science grant has been awarded to a team led by Carnegie’s Lara Wagner to study an active flat slab in Colombia. A flat slab is produced when a tectonic plate descends to depths of about 30 to 60 miles (~50-100 km) then flattens and travels horizontally for hundreds of miles before descending farther into Earth’s mantle. Flat slabs are unlike standard subduction, in which a tectonic plate descends more steeply beneath another plate directly into the Earth.
Because flat slabs travel horizontally directly beneath the overriding continents for hundreds of miles, they have more extensive
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Carnegie was once part of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). The Carnegie Team focused on life’s chemical and physical evolution, from the interstellar medium, through planetary systems, to the emergence and detection of life by studying extrasolar planets, Solar System formation, organic rich primitive planetary bodies, prebiotic molecular synthesis through catalyzing with minerals, and the connection between planetary evolution to the emergence, and sustenance of biology. This program integrated the narrative of life’s history through a combination of bottom-up and top-down studies including processes related to chemical and physical
Carbon plays an unparalleled role in our lives: as the element of life, as the basis of most of society’s energy, as the backbone of most new materials, and as the central focus in efforts to understand Earth’s variable and uncertain climate. Yet in spite of carbon’s importance, scientists remain largely ignorant of the physical, chemical, and biological behavior of many of Earth’s carbon-bearing systems. The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a global research program to transform our understanding of carbon in Earth. At its heart, DCO is a community of scientists, from biologists to physicists, geoscientists to chemists, and many others whose work crosses these
Starting in 2005, the High Lava Plains project is focused on a better understanding of why the Pacific Northwest, specifically eastern Oregon's High Lava Plains, is so volcanically active. This region is the most volcanically active area of the continental United States and it's relatively young. None of the accepted paradigms explain why the magmatic and tectonic activity extend so far east of the North American plate margin. By applying numerous techniques ranging from geochemistry and petrology to active and passive seismic imaging to geodynamic modeling, the researchers examine an assemblage of new data that will provide key information about the roles of lithosphere
The Anglo-Australian Planet Search (AAPS) is a long-term program being carried out on the 3.9-meter Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) to search for giant planets around more than 240 nearby Sun-like stars. The team, including Carnegie scientists, uses the "Doppler wobble" technique to search for these otherwise invisible extra-solar planets, and achieve the highest long-term precision demonstrated by any Southern Hemisphere planet search.
More Projects
Geochemist and director of Terrestrial Magnetism, Richard Carlson, looks at the diversity of the chemistry of the early solar nebula and the incorporation of that chemistry into the terrestrial planets. He is also interested in questions related to the origin and evolution of Earth’s continental crust.
Most all of the chemical diversity in the universe comes from the nuclear reactions inside stars, in a process called nucleosynthesis. To answer his questions, Carlson developes novel procedures using instruments called mass spectrometers to make precise measurements of isotopes--atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons--of Chromium (Cr), strontium (Sr),
Alan Boss is a theorist and an observational astronomer. His theoretical work focuses on the formation of binary and multiple stars, triggered collapse of the presolar cloud that eventually made the Solar System, mixing and transport processes in protoplanetary disks, and the formation of gas giant and ice giant protoplanets. His observational works centers on the Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search project, which has been underway for the last decade at Carnegie's Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.
While fragmentation is universally recognized as the dominant formation mechanism for binary and multiple stars, there are still major questions. The most important of these
Geochemist Steven Shirey is researching how Earth's continents formed. Continent formation spans most of Earth's history, continents were key to the emergence of life, and they contain a majority of Earth’s resources. Continental rocks also retain the geologic record of Earth's ancient geodynamic processes.
Shirey’s past, current, and future studies reflect the diversity of continental rocks, encompassing a range of studies that include rocks formed anywhere from the deep mantle to the surface crust. His work spans a wide range of geologic settings such as volcanic rocks in continental rifts (giant crustal breaks where continents split apart), ancient and
Volcanologist Diana Roman is interested in the mechanics of how magma moves through the Earth’s crust, and in the structure, evolution, and dynamics of volcanic conduit systems. Her ultimate goal is to understand the likelihood and timing of volcanic eruptions.
Most of Roman’s research focuses on understanding changes in seismicity and stress in response to the migration of magma through volcanic conduits, and on developing techniques and strategies for monitoring active or restless volcanoes through the analysis of high-frequency volcanic seismicity. | http://hpcat.ciw.edu/scientific-areas/earth-planetary-science?page=18 |
Select one prompt below as the basis for your essay. Then write an essay of 750-1000 words in response to the prompt. Your essay should have a thesis or at least a clear theme, an introduction, a body and a conclusion. You do not need to include a reference list, but you should indicate what sources and ideas from class you are drawing on: use words in the text to name the authors of readings or ideas.
The best essays will be both rich and synthetic. Richness means that an essay contains many different course concepts, accurately described and creatively applied to the examples in your text. Synthesis means that you show how ideas are connected and related to one another: either their commonalities or ways in which they are in tension or conflict.
- As we learned in class, George Gerbner’s chief concern was the “common cultural environment,” and the fact that (by the 1960s) that environment was increasingly constructed not in churches, families and communities, but by television. The conclusions he drew about the effects of this were mostly pessimistic: that people would develop misinformed and mostly negative views of the world (the “mean world syndrome”), and withdraw from it. In your essay, make a case for how we should understand the common cultural environment—or environments—today. What makes up the common cultural environment for citizens today? (Is there one? More than one?) What media convey the cultural environment? What kinds of messages are most dominant? What effects does today’s cultural environment have on citizens? Are you more optimistic today than Gerbner was decades ago?
- One theme of our class, from our discussion of the cave paintings of Lascaux and Chauvet on the very first day, has been the idea that human beings innately tell stories about themselves and the world around them. The media and techniques we use to tell those stories change, however. When archaeologists of the future, 10,000 years from now, discover our media devices and their content—with all of the journalism, advertising, social messages flowing across newspapers, books, televisions, iPhones, laptops, etc.—what will they think? What kinds of conclusions will they draw about this society that may seem as foreign to them as the cave-dwellers do to us now?
- Imagine you are hosting exchange students who are visiting the United States to study journalism. They are from a very different place from the United States, and they are pretty puzzled by the content they encounter when watching television, listening to the radio, surfing the internet and checking on social media. They’re especially confused by how difficult it is to tell what is true, and how many different people seem to want to convince them of things that are either not true or not exactly true—they see this in advertising, in news, in politics. Write a letter explaining American media to them, and suggesting what they can do to navigate this challenging system. | https://201.journalism.wisc.edu/2017/05/01/final-take-home-exam-prompts/ |
The process of human occupation in Brazilian Amazonia is heterogeneous in space and time. The goal of this paper is to explore intra-regional differences in land-use determining factors. We built spatial regression models to assess the determining factors of deforestation, pasture, temporary and permanent agriculture in four space partitions: the whole Amazon; the Densely Populated Arch (southern and eastern parts of the Amazon), where most deforestation has occurred; Central Amazon, where the new frontiers are located; and Occidental Amazon, still mostly undisturbed. Our land-use data combines deforestation maps derived from remote sensing and 1996 agricultural census. We compiled a spatially explicit database with 50 socio-economic and environmental potential factors using 25 km × 25 km regular cells. Our results show that the concentrated deforestation pattern in the Arch is related to the diffusive nature of land-use change, proximity to urban centers and roads, reinforced by the higher connectivity to the more developed parts of Brazil and more favorable climatic conditions, expressed as intensity of the dry season. Distance to urban centers was used as a proxy of accessibility to local markets, and was found to be as important as distance to roads in most models. However, distance to roads and to urban centers does not explain intra-regional differences, which were captured by other factors, such as connection to national markets and more favorable climatic conditions in the Arch. Agrarian structure results show that areas in which the land structure is dominated by large and medium farms have a higher impact on deforestation and pasture extent. Temporary and permanent agriculture patterns were concentrated in areas where small farms are dominant. We conclude that the heterogeneous occupation patterns of the Amazon can only be explained when combining several factors related to the organization of the productive systems, such as favorable environmental conditions and access to local and national markets. Agrarian structure and land-use analysis reinforced this conclusion, indicating the heterogeneity of land-use systems by type of actor, and the influence of the agrarian structure on land-use patterns across the region. | https://zenodo.org/record/3831324 |
TORONTO -- A First Nations community in northern Ontario may be giving Loch Ness a run for its money.
Reports from the remote community a few hundred kilometers south of Hudson Bay say a strange creature was pulled from a local creek earlier this month -- a creature some are calling a monster.
Photos of the furry, bald-faced creature were posted on the official website of the Big Trout Lake community and have since caused a flurry of speculation on the Internet.
According to the website, two local nurses were hiking near the creek when they noticed their dog Sam sniffing something in the water.
The dog pulled the 30-centimeter-long dead creature from the water and the two women snapped some photos of it.
Its strange appearance has led to speculation it may be the mythical Ogopogo, the Chupacabra or some other marine monster, like the Loch Ness Monster. Others have pointed out it could be a water-logged bear cub or otter. | https://www.parkrapidsenterprise.com/sports/3658349-Loch-Ness-Up-North-Strange-creature-found-in-northern-Ontario-creek-fuels-monster-speculation |
- Ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of all ICT applications.
Function
Financial Management
- To ensure the payment process and collections are properly accounted for, assets and inventory are controlled accordingly, the financial records are maintained properly and have an effective internal control system;
- Take an approach of rotation at least once in two years so that each Department / Agency under the ministry is audited;
- 6 aspects to be emphasized:
a. Management control;
b. Control of the budget;
c. Control of receipts;
d. Control of expenditure;
e. Management of trust account / deposit; and
f. Asset management, inventory and store.
Performance Audit / Program / Activities
- Focus on the planning, implementation and monitoring of program/activities implemented;
- Ensure the existence of efficiency, effectiveness and economic;
- Engage an objective examination and analysis of the goals and achievements of the program / activities of the Department;
- Justification for programs / projects based on the following matrix:
a. The expected impact of the audit;
b. Financial materiality;
c. The risk to good management;
d. Significant (from the internal perspective);
e. Visibility (from the external perspective); and
f. Coverage Auditability.
Presence Audit
- Implement at the Responsibility Center (PTJ) and Cost Center (PK) of Departments / Agencies under the ministry which is not covered in the Financial Management Audit or Performance Audit;
- Create awareness that the UAD is constantly monitoring Departments / Agencies under the ministry’s to ensure compliance with financial regulations;
- Spot-check auditing; and
- An audit involves a review of the provision of financial documents for management control, receipts, expenditure control, trust and deposit management, asset management and storage as well as confirmation of cash-in-hand of the current year.
Investigation Audit/ Special Audit
- Executed when there are orders from management or the issues raised through the public complaints, media reports or e-mail to the agency under the ministry; and
- Aimed at determining whether the issues raised are reasonable, justified or otherwise, to be reported to management.
Follow-Up Audit
- Implement the query raised by UAD and Auditor General (AG) involving all PTJ in Departments / Agencies under the ministry; and
- Ensure action taken on all queries given, in line with the feedback provided by the Department / Agency in order to avoid repeating the same query. | http://www.rurallink.gov.my/en/corporate-info/profile/divisions/internal-audit-unit/ |
Background: Current technology permits an unbiased massive analysis of somatic genetic alterations from tumor DNA as well as the generation of individualized mouse xenografts (Avatar models). This work aimed to evaluate our experience integrating these two strategies to personalize the treatment of patients with cancer.
Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis of 25 patients with advanced solid tumors to identify putatively actionable tumor-specific genomic alterations. Avatar models were used as an in vivo platform to test proposed treatment strategies.
Results: Successful exome sequencing analyses have been obtained for 23 patients. Tumor-specific mutations and copy-number variations were identified. All samples profiled contained relevant genomic alterations. Tumor was implanted to create an Avatar model from 14 patients and 10 succeeded. Occasionally, actionable alterations such as mutations in NF1, PI3KA, and DDR2 failed to provide any benefit when a targeted drug was tested in the Avatar and, accordingly, treatment of the patients with these drugs was not effective. To date, 13 patients have received a personalized treatment and 6 achieved durable partial remissions. Prior testing of candidate treatments in Avatar models correlated with clinical response and helped to select empirical treatments in some patients with no actionable mutations.
Conclusion: The use of full genomic analysis for cancer care is encouraging but presents important challenges that will need to be solved for broad clinical application. Avatar models are a promising investigational platform for therapeutic decision making. While limitations still exist, this strategy should be further tested.
©2014 AACR. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634382/ |
Manchin Applauds Appropriations Deal With Border Wall Funding And West Virginia Priorities
Washington, D.C. – U.S. Senator Joe Manchin (D-WV) applauded the spending deal announced today which included $1.375 billion for a border wall and $1.7 billion for border security and humanitarian aid.
“I’m glad Republicans and Democrats have come together on these six appropriations bills and that the President has indicated he would sign them in order to avert another government shutdown. The $3 billion for border security is desperately needed to secure our border. These bills also include critical funding to fight the opioid epidemic, expand rural broadband, secure Amtrak service in West Virginia and move forward on implementing Skylar’s Law. Although it took us a long time to get here, I’m glad we’ve finally passed these bills, avoided another harmful government shutdown and funded the border wall and border security,” Senator Manchin said.
To read a full list of Senator Manchin’s priorities click here. Below are some of the top priorities Senator Manchin fought to include in these funding bills:
- Opioids: Prioritizes aid to rural areas with the highest rates of addiction like West Virginia.
- Border Security: Funds the President’s request for construction of the wall.
- Skylar’s Law: Encourages the Department of Justice to establish a National Endangered Missing Person Advisory Network that will enable immediate public notification regardless of evidence of abduction.
- Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge: Encourages U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services to consider and prioritize Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for Canaan.
- Amtrak: Requires Amtrak to justify decisions that jeopardize the future of the annual New River Train.
- FBI Police: Requires a report on the retention rate and pay of FBI police, while encouraging the Director to make pay and benefits for the FBI Police equivalent to other federal police divisions.
- Rural Transportation: Fully funds the Essential Air Service program and encourages the Federal Highway Administration to prioritize critical roads in the Appalachian Development Highway System like Corridor H.
- Rural Broadband: Provides significant funding to the USDA for their rural broadband loan and grant programs and helps to support NTIA’s effort to improve national broadband coverage maps.
- Water Infrastructure: Supports nearly $4 billion in appropriations toward water infrastructure. | https://www.manchin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/manchin-applauds- |
Dr. Stephanie A. Smith in this article is talking about a three assumptions people have when it comes to testing the water quality. She is admiring technological abilities from on-site test pond to the Great Barrier Reef.
YSI EXO Sonde preventing biofouling with wiped sensor technology. Even the bulb of the pH sensor is wiped clean of fouling.
However…
We've also seen certain limitations of sonde technology in water testing. Users who are doing interesting things but are perplexed because their data isn't looking "right." What is discovered is that this is almost never due to a faulty instrument, miscalibration, or any of the other causes that people check when it comes to the instrument itself. Rather, it's virtually always due to a misalignment of expectations with technology, because of some assumptions they've made.
So, based on Dr. Stephanie A. Smith, years of expertise in both the lab and the field, there are three most common misconceptions concerning water quality monitoring.
Laboratory vs Field Sampling Conditions are not the same.
“Why don’t my lab chlorophyll extraction data match up with the chlorophyll numbers from the sondes?” To sums up the answer Dr. Stephanie A. Smith is going back on one of her blogs where she answered that question:
“…the correlation between the sensor’s mV signals and µg/L [of pigment] delivered by the sensors was built using one species of algae which were grown in a laboratory under highly controlled conditions that included a never-changing light intensity and duty cycle. Thus, one should not expect that all algae, under all conditions, would yield the same correlation.”
There are numerous reasons why the assumption of field vs. lab data is hazardous, one of the most crucial of which being sample processing. All properly trained scientists recognize the difficulty of gathering a water sample that is genuinely representative of a population, and how that sample is gathered and processed for analysis can have a significant influence on the final measurements and findings. For example, in chlorophyll studies, the time of day and depth at which you collect your water sample might be important, and the pigment is usually extracted using an organic solvent (acetone or methanol) and quantified with a fluorometer or spectrophotometer. In some situations, chromatography can be used to separate the pigment from other components in the extract. In the field…? No extraction, different matrix (water rather than solvent), different matrix quality (lab samples are typically filtered/separated), and so forth.
In other words, the sensor is sensing pigment in the environment, and twice the sensor output is representative of twice the amount of pigment sensed within its operating range, but it is not the same as measurement of pigment in a laboratory and shouldn’t be treated as such.
Let’s expand this thinking to other sensors. Optical sensors (turbidity, fDOM, total algae) are the most prone to these misaligned expectations, but pH, temperature and conductivity sensors are generally spot on relative to what you’d get with laboratory instrumentation. Carry through on the thinking for how one would measure these things in a laboratory vs. the environment (different instrumentation), how samples are handled, the matrix, etc. and in some cases sensors and lab analyses will line up well, in some cases they won’t.
Optical sensor that works more like an opto-chemical assay like the YSI EXO dissolved oxygen sensor, rather than direct absorption or fluorescence of an analyte, is somewhere in between these others. It is diffusion-based, so things that affect diffusion in the real-world environment come into play. Some of those things may be used to correct the DO measurement (e.g., salinity and barometric pressure), but some are simply not going to be able to be managed in the environment (e.g., things that might impact the polarity of the environment).
When we are talking about importance of sample prep, the most egregious example of misaligned expectations with the EXO DO sensor is when people try to extrapolate BOD or COD from their environmental monitoring.
In all situations, one must gain a knowledge of how any sensor's output connects to bench analyses set by the scientific community as "gold standards" or that your own laboratory employs for its research. This takes us to our second assumption, which is shown below.
We sell sondes. Why on Earth would we argue if that’s all you want to use?
Much of what has been said about assumption #1 above should already make it apparent why #2 is a poor assumption to make, particularly when people start drawing conclusions that are viable when based upon laboratory measurements, but not necessarily when based upon monitoring with sensors in the environment.
If one is going to invest in a sonde, it should be seen as an investment in a program rather than just an instrument. It is a dedication to achieving a certain goal. It is possible that the sonde is all that is required to achieve that goal, but sonde data are most valuable when supplemented with laboratory analyses, spot sampling measurements, measured outcomes from some process or operation (for example, drinking water sources), or even eyes on the water to see which sensor outputs align with which features that people care about (e.g., odour or colour of the water).
Define your objectives first, then select your technology and strategy. Don't pick a technology and then design your goals around what you think it's capable of.
Dr. Stephanie A. Smith saved this one for last because according to her it’s the hardest one to write about.
Under controlled and highly reproducible conditions in a laboratory and often with their own methods (because there may not be standardized methods), manufacturer’s accuracy specification for any given sensor or parameter is determined.
This fact and its ramifications may be dawning on you as well after reading about assumptions #1 and #2 above. The accuracy of measurements may not be the same as the sensor specification for accuracy in the environment, since the conditions are not reproducible and are typically very unpredictable (why else would you be monitoring, after all?).
Furthermore, the precision of the instrument may not be consistent throughout its whole operating range (e.g., across the entire depth range or the entire temperature range). While it is known that the sensor and sonde will function across their entire operational range, precision cannot be guaranteed in all circumstances. There is no simple simulation for all possible scenarios in the lab to create correcting algorithms for the interferences and circumstances that a sensor may encounter in the real world. If you're familiar with a laboratory spectrophotomer, for example, one simple way to think about this is that we can't build a blank for the environment. The link between the accuracy specification and the actual accuracy recorded in the environment is influenced not only by environmental factors, but also by the type of sensor used (fluorescence-based? Internal firmware can compensate for some anticipated and well-understood interferences, often using readings from other sensors, how it is designed and made (yes, the manufacturer matters!), what application it was designed for (you can't use your lab pH probe in the environment after all), and the extent to which internal firmware can compensate for some anticipated and well-understood interferences, often using readings from other sensors. One of the reasons why a multiparameter platform like EXO, ProDSS, or ProQuatro is so useful is because of this.
So, why are we bothering to establish an accuracy criterion in the first place?
So, where can we begin to explain our technologies and provide a basis for comparing them to competing or alternative technologies? We also require a baseline to compare advancements in our technologies during development, and in some situations, we evaluate accuracy under as many settings as feasible to understand the technology's robustness for environmental monitoring. If you're worried that you won't be able to get a good measurement from water quality monitoring, don't toss away thousands of dollars' worth of equipment or switch careers to banking just yet. You will be astounded by how well the sensors perform and how they compare to data from grab samples or your own sensor-to-lab technique correlations that you create. | https://www.labunlimited.com/three-wrong-assumptions-made-about-water-quality-monitoring |
The article reports on the study of recruiting and retaining qualified police officers. The study conducted revealed that presently it is difficult to find qualified police applicants and although the applicants would complete successful training, the process of training is extended following the growing complexity of police work (Ashcroft, Daniels and Hart, 2004). Furthermore, retaining the new qualified employees is a worrying trend because many of the new officers continue to leave the agency each year.
Suggestions for the improvement in the identified difficulties include that the police recruiters need to assess the effectiveness of existing recruiting methods and ...
Recruitment College Essays Samples For Students
234 samples of this type
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The article reports on the study of recruiting and retaining qualified police officers. The study conducted revealed that presently it is difficult to find qualified police applicants and although the applicants would complete successful training, the process of training is extended following the growing complexity of police work (Ashcroft, Daniels and Hart, 2004). Furthermore, retaining the new qualified employees is a worrying trend because many of the new officers continue to leave the agency each year.
The experiences of warfare described in the two assigned sources. What was similar and different about warfare during World War I in Europe and in Africa?
The World War I was basically a war that had considerable experiences in Europe and in Africa. Through the readings one can be decode that the war in Europe was against the Nazi-led National Socialism while elsewhere the war was geared towards resisting the expansionist strategies.
One of the most notable similarities regarding the warfare in the First World War is that the combatants mainly used guerilla tactics in a bid to launch ...
Introduction
Sincere College Connecticut is a leading institution of higher learning located in Blessed Mountains 75 miles northeast of New York City. It is an accredited institution that offers comprehensive higher education. It has a reputation for promoting the teaching and learning of liberal arts, sciences, social sciences as well as performing and fine arts. This reputation has earned it the designation Connecticut’s Public Liberal Arts College. This paper proposes a recruitment plan for finding and recruiting a young scholar to occupy the post of an Associate Professor of Business Ethics.
Selection criteria for candidates (keywords):
The ideal candidate for this position will be ...
International Human Resources Management
Globally, the processes that are associated in recruitment and selection are influenced by a number of factors. It needs to be highlighted that in the process of international recruitment and selection, a number of factors need to be taken into consideration to ensure fulfillment of two very specific important requirements. One is that the organization should be able to acquire the most effective human resources and the other is that the process itself needs to be highly effective with the least wastage of time and financial resources available at the disposal of the human resources department of an organization .
...
Introduction
Human rights relate to regarding people as those who hold entitlements that would protect their life, liberty and property through a series of reassuring institutional constructs. Indeed, without due regard to human rights, disorder is expected to prevail not only domestically, but also internationally. With that, the United Nations (UN) stands as the main organization that provides a covenant for all nations to recognize human rights standardized under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). To ensure that the rights of every person in the world with regard to their life, liberty and property stands as the prime mandate ...
Besides common recruitment channels that are used by human resources specialists, such as ads on job sites, newspaper advertisements (increasingly less used, some companies even completely abandoning this method), specialized magazines, internal recommendations or the hiring of specialized recruitment agencies, lately there has appeared a method for recruitment that used in an intelligent manner can bring much added value to the recruitment process: the use of online social networks.
The expansion of social networks in the most recent years has lead employers to consider the online profiles of the potential candidates in the recruitment process. Social Media has become ...
Example Of What Are Some Alternatives To Recruitment And Selection And Describe An Organization Essay
Organization recruitment and use of biometrics
The process of recruitment and selection in organizations can be tedious and costly as it involves acquisition of new staff to fill vacant positions. To avoid this process, a firm has different options including contracting, using agencies or outsourcing the employees from other firms. Contractor recruiters involve contacting consultants who specify in recruiting with the requirements and expected experience of the successful candidate. The contractors then undergo the process of recruitment and selection keeping in mind these requirements thus providing the firm with the staff.
Using staffing agencies is another manner of acquiring new staff which involves contacting headhunters ...
Introduction
Human resource capital is an important input to ensure smooth running of an organization. As an organization grows, there is a need to expand the size of human resource capital to effectively handle customers (Thomas & Presland 1993). The decision by ADZ bank to enter into Hong Kong and Taiwan markets that require at least fifty new customer service executives requires a robust recruitment action plan to be designed. The recruitment plan is a strategy to hire suitable applicants for the bank’s AZ customer service center. This plan is in line with ADZ bank’s intentions to recruit at ...
Global HRM
A variety of factors affects Human Resource Management (HRM) and the planning process. Even the most accurately planned and built HRM outlines can be affected by internal as well as external influences. With the above in mind, accurate forecasting and flexibility in HRM strategies and plans are essential for the success of it in general. One of the core responsibilities of the HR managers and functional leadership is to be aware and comprehend the trends in the industry and on the market, to be able to provide an adequate response to the needs and adjust its internal resources to ...
Importance of Screening in Hiring of Law Enforcement
Importance of Screening in the Hiring of Law Enforcement
Various criminal justice careers demand that all successive applicants be subjected to psychological exams and screening before they are hired. The process is an attempt by security agencies to maximize the quality of their personnel. Applicants are screened for psychological conditions or characteristics that may later compromise their abilities to function effectively (Walker & Katz, 2012). The process of psych evaluation of officers has been widely criticized mainly because it lacks consistency and standardization (Dantzker, 2011). It’s been noted that the type and number of tests carried are determined by ...
Assignment 2: Staffing Organizations- Part 2
Introduction
The process of coming up with a recruitment plan is not an easy job, but it is an important thing to business strategy. There are very many steps that are key in the formulation of a recruitment plan, and they include the creation of the communication message and medium. This paper describes the method of that are used for selection of staff in the s shop and also describes KSAOs predictors of the applicants.
My recruitment plan and strategy will first formulate the budget that I will use for recruitment. My budgets have a hiring of five full ...
Introduction
The process of recruiting and selecting only high quality and dependable employees may be daunting but these two processes, especially when done correctly and timely, can make a huge difference in even a small business’ performance and profitability. The objective of this paper is to discuss a comprehensive action plan about the best practices in the process of employee recruitment and selection.
Employee Recruitment and Selection Action Plan I
Employee Recruitment and Selection Action Plan II
Reference
Abernathy, M., Bouwens, J., & Van Lent, L. (2004). Determinants of Control System Design in Divisionalized Firms. The Accounting Review, 545.
Ballou, B., Godwin, N., & Shortridge, R. (2003). Firm Value and ...
Introduction
GE or General Electric is an American multinational corporation that was founded in New York in 1892 and has its headquarters in Fairfield, Connecticut, in United States. I am working as a global HR manager in GE’s office in India, which is located in Gurgaon. I am responsible to hire expatriates for the position of ‘Sales Manager- oil and gas, Asia Pacific’. Being a Fortune 500 company, it is the duty of the human resource department to attract and retain the best talent possible. In today’s globalized economy, it is a challenge for international human resource managers ...
Borgata hotel casino and Spa is a luxurious hotel and casino and Spa in Atlanta city, New Jersey in United States. It is owned by Marina district development. The mentioned hotel dates back in 2003 where it was officially opened. At first it engaged approximately four thousand eight hundred associates. Borgata hotel is one of the largest hotels and casinos in the United States. During late 2005 and early 2006, the Borgata Hotel casino and Spa underwent great casino and retail expansion. With all this expansion, it compels for fresh personnel to be recruited in to the plant. The ...
Introduction
Employee referrals campaigns are one of the options for recruiting people from outside sources. In such campaigns the organization posts the job opening announcement on Wallboards, Intranet Website and in bulletin etc. However, there are several advantages and disadvantages associated with the employee referral campaigns that are described in detail below.
Explanation
In employee referral programs the applicants are referred or introduced in the organization by the employees currently working in the organization. The advantages of employee referral campaigns for recruitment process are that employees introduce high caliber and competent people in the organization because the employees that are referring ...
Looking for a place to spend this festive season with your friend, family, your sweetheart and loved ones? You need no other place than to be a guest at The Borgata Hotel Casino and Spa situated in Atlantic City. The services offered ranging from a well equipped casino whose capacity can offer a slot of 4,000 machines, a total of five comfortable dining restaurants, not to mention the entertainment that will rock you night up, worry less about the space cause there is 2400 capacity seats and when you feel worn out and want to look more fabulous ...
Introduction
Coles supermarket is the leader in food retailing industry in Australia. 90 years ago it stated its operation and has successfully expanded all over Australia. Retail industry requires maximum human interfaces. The customer service provided by the company and its employees gives it a competitive advantage. Today Coles has a huge human capital of 1 lakh employees (Official website of Coles, n.d.). To maintain its market share and leadership in the industry it had to constantly increase and upgrade its workforce as they formed the face of the company.
The recruitment policies of the organization
Recruitment is the process of identifying and hiring the most ...
Comparing and Contrasting Proponents and Opponents’ Perception on High School Military
Following the inception of “No Child Left Behind” Act of the year 2002, recruiters of the United States military personnel have access to all schools that receive State funds to target recruitment of high school children. The act targets to recruit students aged between 14 to 18 years to join the American armed forces. The act of recruiting the military personnel from high schools has grown in vigor and aggression, the phenomenon is not particular to the United States as United Kingdom already has a third of its armed forces recruited at an age less than 18 years. Supporters ...
UniversityRecruit, Select and Induct Staff
The Role of the Recruitment Agencies in the Recruitment Process
Recruitment agencies are intermediaries that conduct selection processes in the name of a company that contracted their services, based on their know-how on attracting people and conducting professional interviews and other selection methodologies meant to test the applicants’ talents, abilities and competencies through task simulation tests, aptitude tests, psychological tests, psychometric tests, etc., depending on the role that needs to be filled (Sutherland and Canwell, 2008). The role of the recruitment agencies is to find particular skills, to assure a fast and efficient selection process, to propose qualified short – ...
Introduction
The hospitality industry is among the most dynamic and service demanding industries in the world. This includes hotel and restaurant management in which service quality is as crucial as the product being offered. The same can be said for B93 Hotel, which houses its own bar/lounge and restaurant. However, the hotel is facing a dilemma with its restaurant service quality slipping because of the lack of adequate staff to provide the excellent customer service. Due to staff leaving the restaurant to pursue other career, which resulted to casual supervisors also leaving their positions. Given the situation that key staffs ...
Business
Recruitment Policy and Procedure
- When a job vacancy arises in any department, departmental managers are expected to review the need to fill the position and confirm it before they advertise.
- Departmental managers are required to review job specification, job description, and the selection criteria. In this process, the managers are expected to:
- Examine the job description
- Review the special conditions for the vacancy, e.g.) spread of hours, temporary, permanent, or casual
- Develop the selection criteria for the prospective candidates
- HR prepares to advertise, internally and externally, for the job vacancy. The advertisement preparation ...
The paper reflects on the important aspects of Human Resources management (HRM) within an organization that are implemented together to achieve the main objective of managing the workforce of the organization and increasing their effectiveness to help in the attainment of organizational goals (Radhawa, 2007). These aspects include Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action; Human resources planning, recruitment and selection; Human resources development; Compensation and benefits; Safety and Health; and Employee and labor relations. Of them, some of the aspects are much more important than others for the shaping of the organization and achieving optimal contribution from the ...
The Corniche Hospital is a premier maternity facility in United Arab Emirates, in Abu Dhabi, Corniche road, just behind the Sheraton hotels and resort to be precise. The joint Commission International accredited hospital is believed to be the UAE’s leading referral hospital for both neonatal care and obstetrics. The hospital boasts of specialty clinics that can handle fetal medicine, lactation, and obstetric medicine among others. It has a capacity of about two hundred thirty five inpatients and facilities enough for over fifty intensive care cases at any given time (http://www.cornichehospital.ae)
The hospital is owned and run by the ...
The word recruitment is described as the procedure of choosing the workers and then registering them for satisfying the openings in the business. The procedure is employed to distinguish the possible citizens who are appropriate for carrying out a definite job. The procedure endeavors to discover the most excellent individuals for the job. Conversely, selection is a procedure of choosing the individuals by scrutinizing them on diverse standards. Selection is referred to as the preliminary phase or footstep of employment since for hiring the novel workers ' selection is executed first. In addition, no set criterion for the procedure ...
New Technology: Bullhorn Staffing and Recruiting Software
Describe a company’s business problem or situation that can be solved with the New Technology
In the today’s work environment, organizations ensure they select the best staff to conduct different duties. Staffing and recruitment is an essential aspect in every organization because it determines the productivity and profitability of the company. Additionally, proper selection of candidates to suit different positions present in the organization should be conducted thoroughly and using the most appropriate method to ensure only qualified people take the positions. On the other hand, organizations need to keep updated information about their staff using sophisticated ...
Introduction
We live in a society where changes follow one after another with great rapidity and in which, for the business world, the challenges and the compulsoriness of change represent the field of normality.
Without human resources capable of change and adaptation, creativity and a multitude of professional competencies, organizations of any kind are doomed to failure. In this context, people are a vital resource of all the today and tomorrow organizations that ensure their success, development and survival.
The success and survival of organizations in general is provided almost entirely by the quality of the workforce. Thus, organizations must ...
This is the systematic way of determining the qualifications of a particular job. A job is a group of tasks that must be perfomed by an employee tasked to perfom them, so that an organization achieves its goals. A job analysis therefore involves such issues as determining the skills, duties and knowledge required to successfully perfom the given job. A job analysis gives answers to questions such as where, how, why and what physical location the job will take place.
Importance of job analysis
There are several reasons as to why job analysis is conducted by organizations. They are;
Staffing
A job analysis ...
Business Proposal
This report examines the ways through which GE Company can be able to develop a better and efficient recruitment process for their applicants who are seeking for a job position or internship with the company through embracing technology in order to speed up the process of recruitment. Slow recruitment process in the GE Company has had a lot of disadvantages ,especially on the applicants who have to wait for longer periods before getting their feedback. My research will focus on getting into the root cause of all these delays and looking into how the recent technological advances can be ...
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the processes involved in Human Resource Management (HRM) at Corniche Hospital in Abu Dhabi. In order to do so, the organization’s HR department would be taken into consideration which will provide relevant insights regarding the hospital and its workforce management. Moreover, the types of jobs at the hospital would also be analyzed as it would provide necessary information regarding the job description and specification. The processes that would be involved in the study are recruitment, selection, compensation, performance appraisal, training and development.
CORNICHE HOSPITAL IN ABU DHABI
Corniche Hospital is the largest maternity ...
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Introduction:
Recruitment is the first step in the process of hiring employees for the organization. The primary purpose of the recruitment is to attract and identify the potential candidates for the organization and includes different activities and practices carried out for attracting people for the organization by the organization. With the passage of time multiple things have been changed, and this uncertainty is certain. Organizations are making more advanced attempts to have talented workforce in their organizations in order to be sustainable and profitable. Recently significant enhancement has been analyzed in the utilization of the internet for the process ...
Tasks 1, 2, and 3
Introduction
The role assigned has been as a recently appointed Human Resource Manager trainee at a UKCBC Hotel and the task is to provide a proposed recruitment planning portfolio. The company is opening a 100-room full service hotel in West End in London with a bar and coffee shop to be used both internally and externally. The recruitment planning portfolio is meant to include the processes and procedures that will be involved in the organization’s human management.
Human resource management, in essence, is the management of human being’s relationships and development at work and is an incredibly ...
Gender Discrimination at Tyson Foods
Introduction
Leadership of organizations requires profound understanding of rights as well as the responsibilities of the workers. This is because organizations can realize their objectives in the context where there is a balance of the rights of the workers, as well as their responsibilities. Leaders have the core role to motivate the workers under them to perform their duties in order to ensure the organization can meet its objectives. In order to have a motivated workforce, then the managers are required to create a working atmosphere that is convenient for the workers to be able to perform their work ...
Traditional Personal Management Vs. Contemporary Human Resource Management
Human resource management was earlier known as personal management. Personal management used to take care of numerous duties for organizations, and the same is done by the HRM in modern times. HRM has gone through significant changes in the past hundred years. The role of HRM is wide and not limited to the recruitment of the employees and management of their records and wages. HRM is responsible for a variety of the tasks that affect the performance of an organization right from selection and retention of the talent, performance management and overall employees’ development. It further deals with training ...
Staff Development in healthcare Industry (The Canberra Hospital)
Contemporary business is an increasingly complex environment, which continues challenging organization by even more multifaceted relationships between various stakeholders. The distinctive characteristic of modern business arena is the growth of the organizations and the interdependencies between for-profit, nonprofit and governmental bodies. The reality shows that in order to succeed and build sustainable and effective organization, companies should place more emphasis on the cost-side and productivity. This productivity comes from the ability of the firms to manage human factor, build on motivation and retention, which will create loyalty and drive performance Armstrong & Baron 2002). With that in mind, Human Resource ...
Cover Page 1
Executive Summary 3
Company Overview 4
Environmental Scan 6
Suggested Improvements 9
Conclusion 11
Reference Page 12
Executive summary
People management in the workplace is a rather complex situation that involves adequate planning and competent team to undergo this action. This paper evaluates the emerging trend of issues across the Royal Company and offers effective solution paths to the stated problems. This paper uses the human resource tools of analysis to evaluate and give cognitive advice on what and what not to be done in the workplace.
Company Overview
Royal company is a leading firm in the human resources sector. It the ...
This paper looks at the human resource (HR) activities of Northrop Grumman and how these human resource activities are aligned with the strategic plan of the organization. Northrop Grumman is a multinational company that has presence in Aerospace systems, Electronic systems, information systems and technical services. The company mission is “to be at the forefront of technology and innovation, delivering superior capability in tandem with maximized cost efficiencies” (www.northropgrumman.com).
The purpose of human resource department in an organization is to ensure that the organization obtains and retains the skilled, committed and well-motivated employees according to its needs. Northrop Grumman ...
Human resource refers to the workforce within an organization. Organization and management of a firm’s workforce is referred to as human resource management. Human Resource Management entails recruitment, training and rewarding of the employees and also is responsible for observing the existing labor laws in the country that the firm or organization is situated (Mondy, 2005). Human resource management ensures that every employee’s duties are well outlined and expresses the protocols in the organization (Dessler, 2000). It is therefore the arm of an organization that is responsible for all matters that relates to the employees.
Human resource ...
CASESTUDY: HOTEL PARIS
Overview:
Recruiting the right employee for the job is the most crucial process for an organization. In the case of hotel Paris, the management and the HR department was not paying any attention towards recruitment of employees. For a customer centered business, customer satisfaction hold primary importance. The criteria for recruiting the employees were extremely vague, and no set standards had been communicated from the headquarters to the management in this regard.
Sources of Recruitment:
The sources of recruitment which organizations can use to ensure efficient recruitment are by categorizing the internal and external candidates suitable for the job. The internal recruitment ...
Introduction: The present paper makes an indispensable attempt to emphasize on the significance of the human resources department of an organization and the effective execution of its functions such as planning, recruiting and selection of the workforce while not disturbing the legal and ethical concerns on part of both the employees and the organizations. To begin with, it is apt to understand the entire process that is followed by the human resource department i.e. the cycle of recruitment.
Definition: Human resource forms the most critical resource of any organization in the absence of which the efficient ...
Introduction
Inequality is known as the improved revenue variations through age brackets, gender, and deprived cluster. The individuals instinctively labeled a segment of individuals into an insignificant extent of socially established part, which is expected to remove their chance to contribute in the labor marketplace influencing their well-beings. There is a difference between inequality and insecurity, as the previous emerges in the job induction procedure and the forthcoming refers to the behavior of jobs that is unstandardized which ultimately impacts individuals’ well-beings. Insecurity is called the nervousness among different individuals when it comes to their salary, advantages, job security, and ...
Executive Summary
This essay aims to discuss certain aspects about various aspects of Career Management theory and its application with regards to an organization. Career Management is crucial and vital for any organization. It involves management of the entire organizational specific operations and Human Resource of the organization in an efficient manner that can best result in terms of productivity and growth. It will also highlight certain recommendations that are important to empower the employees of the organization.
Physical, Capital and Human Resource are amongst the key assets of any organization that can play a very critical and important role in ...
Executive Summary
HWNS is a service provider for members of the physically challenged community with disabilities. The HWNS facilities are located in ACT, Queensland and NSW. These facilities supply a diverse scope of services and supports to a population of three thousand physically challenged people who possess disabilities. . One years and three months ago, in July 2013, the National Disability Insurance System initiated pilot programs and continued expansion with the pilot program until July 2014. The comprehensive implementation of the plan will not be in effect for another four years. This initiative is a primary social reform that is intended to ...
Human resource management (HRM) is the supervision of an organization’s labor force. HRM is accountable for the desirability, selection, valuation, and gratifying of employees while also overseeing organization authority and philosophy. HRM is also responsible for ensuring the employees conform to the employment and labor laws. The ideal function of human resource management is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organizational goals and objectives.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the purpose within an organization that emphases on recruitment, management and delivering direction for people who works in the corporation. Human Resource Administration ...
MEETING PRESENT AND EMERGING HUMAN RESOURCE CHALLENGES
Our HR department takes care of hiring, training, organizing, recruitment, planning, remunerating, and firing employees.
Our HR department makes several strategic choices such as encouraging reward and incentive provision to workers to ensure employee security .
The environmental factors that affect our organization include workforce diversity, technology application, globalization, competitors, and rapid changes in the market .
The organizational characteristics our organization are consistency in quality performance, strong management system, high ethical standards, and tight cost control.
The main challenges affecting the human resource needs of our organization are intense competition, resistance from employees, and high labour turnover .
Our HR department meets HR challenges by coming up with better strategies that meet the challenges head on.
MANAGING WORKFLOWS AND CONDUCTING JOB ANALYSIS
...
The Candidates and the Positions
Based on the analysis of the market for office commodities for the past twenty years Harrison Corporation embarks on an integrated marketing program to promote its products. With a market share of ten percent already in the United States, the company is confident of establishing sustainable presence globally. Central to the agenda of globalization is the need to develop growth of subsidiaries outside the United States. A highly effective employee base is crucial towards achieving global growth (Thompson & Strickland, 1995). It is from this background that the company wishes to recruit qualified candidates to fill five strategic positions in ...
[Author]
Current strategies
After its fast expansion in the earlier years, Monster Worldwide incurred costly mistakes in their selection of markets where to open physical offices. Deteriorating revenues forced it to regulate its own expansion programs and rationalize market selection strategies. It realized that certain markets failed to live up to their expectations in withstanding deteriorating market conditions. As a result, it cut down on non-profitable regional offices as part of its current strategies of rationalization and cost-cutting. It sold its Careers-China and similar operations in Latin American and Turkey in 2012. It cut down its workforce in North America and ...
Human Resource Management
1. Introduction:
Human resource management is a department that has central importance in all organizations and contributes significantly in the victory of organizations, and when it comes to service organizations, then HRM becomes more crucial.
The objective of this report is to understand the human resource management, training and development, employment laws, employee relationships, and recruitment and selection in the service industry. In this report, mobile Marriott has been chosen in order to analyze and describe the practices of human resource management on hospitality/tourism service organization.
The role of HRM at Marriott, its human resource planning, demand and supply ...
Introduction
Business success is a reward to an enterprise where employees and the management work as a team. A good employment relationship between the enterprise and the employees should be maintained. This brings motivation to employees who in return improve quality of services delivered and the customers are satisfied. Consequently, the enterprise profitability rises and is easily maintained. For a 13 personnel coffee shop, proper human resource management is inevitable. All issues affecting the workforce must be dealt with professionally and amicably. This being a new business, the initial staffing has to be done procedurally so as to get the ...
Dear Amanda,
Re: Can Amanda Turn Her New Business Before It Is Too Late?
Amanda went wrong in a number of factors that border on managerial and professional relations. It is the recommendation of this letter that Amanda immediately embark on changing the approach on the following factors so as to save the business from possible collapse. In addition, it has to be appreciated that business needs the application of competence, professionalism, diligence and hard work.
Foremost, Amanda over-relied on Lisa for the survival and operations of the business. It is noteworthy that Lisa lacked sufficient training and competence to handle ...
Introduction
Ethics refers to the judgment of an individual on deciding right and wrong. During the decision making in corporations, the individuals are expected to make ethical decisions in order to ensure a morally “right” culture throughout the company. Other than various functions that an organization practices, ethics has also emerged as a key role when it comes to dealing with a corporation. (Ethical business practices: A Cadbury Schweppes case study, n.d.).
Need for “ethical officer”
Corporate ethics is a subset of corporate leadership, culture and the various programs that a company runs. According to a recent research conducted by Massachusetts-based Ethics Officer Association, ...
LABOR AS AN ECONOMIC FACTOR OF PRDUCTION
Labor is among one of the three main factors of production. Labor constitutes all the physical and mental efforts applied in the production of tangible products and services.
LABOR MARKET
The labor market describes a situation in which workers find paying work and employers hire workers willing to work at given market rates. Employers compete for the best talent while workers compete for the most rewarding jobs. A human resource practitioner acts as go-between for the two players in the job market. An employer hires human resource personnel to hunt for the most ideal candidate and make them a competitive offer ...
With the advent of technology, an increasing number of organizations are now using social media as a valuable tool to attract, retain and recruit the best talent in their companies. As opposed to the traditional methods used for staffing purposes, recruitment through social media has immense benefits. Social networking allows the managers to tap exceptional talent and find the ‘right’ fit for the job position. Moreover, it allows them to build an employer brand and create awareness in the job market to attract potential candidates. By doing so, an organization is able to hire top talent while expanding its ...
- Introduction:
Traditional conceptions refrained women from fighting fire and developed a theory that men should be the ones handling the job. But, the roles have transformed with the passage of time and the entrance of women in this and other mainstream businesses.
The prohibition on the entrance of women into firefighting business was later removed in 1964, after the end of Civil Rights Act. This was not an easy way out as there were multiple issues involved, ranging from behavior of male colleagues, outcaste status at the office and ill equipped machineries. Although these many challenges outlined the ...
Introduction
Human resource management has been used for the last fifteen years. Before that, human resource management was known as personnel administration. Personnel administration is the main aspects of evaluating, training, hiring, and compensating the employees of a company. One of the main reasons that human resource management was implemented into organizations was to help to increase competitive pressures of the business organizations in the United States. The competitive pressures came from globalization and rapid changes in technology. All of these pressures enhanced the concern when firms engaged in strategic planning.
Therefore, human resource management is all of the activities ...
A Case Study
Introduction With a digital world, the police roles and functions have vastly changed. The police goals have become broader and sophisticated. It has evolved into various functions more commonly related to various agencies (Tilley, 2008). However, the general public still expects the police forces as mainly focused on crime fighting activities. As such, much of the police work is not active and it is incident-based. It is not also tactical in nature.
This paper aims to present a dynamic view of the police force, primarily through their virtual policing functions. While they are still at the forefront of crime ...
Introduction
The role of Human Resources Management (HRM) has changed considerably over time. With the advances in the technology and globalization of business, the role of human resources has essentially grown into a crucial function of all the businesses these days. This role is vital because of financial impacts of practices, policies, and employee behavior. The role of human resource management is broken into some different functions (Dessler, 2000). The modern human resource managers normally work or specialize in recruiting, training and development, performance measurement and guidelines, employee relations, and compensation, which are among the many parts of the primary ...
The pre departure training of employees in the firm will be performed to align the employees of the firm with the foreign staffing needs with regards to the business operations. Thus, this training will be required to undergo through various components or stages before it is realized to the employees of the company. To begin with, the most important component to be covered by this employee training program will be the organizational objectives of the firm. The rationale of this component is that employees need to be in full knowledge of the desires and prospects of the organization so ...
This paper will focus on the laws and ethics that the agency implements so that they may hire a workforce that is diverse. The introduction briefly explains about the ethics and laws that the agency puts in place to achieve this task. An analysis of three court laws and decisions that affect the management of the personnel in the agency will be given. The system’s goals and the practices based on diverse workforce recruitment will follow. There will be an evaluation of the approaches that the agency has put in place about the ethics and training programs made ...
In the ruling delivered by Judge Carol Los Mansmann in Schurr v. Resorts International Hotel Inc, the judge states that affirmative action cannot mirror Title VII’s purpose unless it is meant to remedy a discriminatory history against protected groups. The case was a pure legal question of narrow depth and quite focused in nature as its facts are quite simple. In the case, Schurr states that the Casino infringed on his employment rights and discriminated against him on the basis of race. He argues that the act by the casino infringes on his rights under Title VII provisions. ...
Introduction
Despite their small numbers and their hesitant relationship with the Canadian government, the Nation’s people contributed to the war. For many reasons, the exact numbers of the people who volunteered in the war cannot be ascertained. Nevertheless, the First Nation’s people volunteered during the war. Their number could be estimated at around four thousand members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. These First Nation’s people were accorded limited civil rights during the time before the war. The British government declared war on Germany in 1914. Since Canada was a member of the British Empire, it was automatically ... | https://www.wowessays.com/college-essay/recruitment-college-essays/ |
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The Boosey & Hawkes Easy String Music series by Katherine & Hugh Colledge contains four volumes of repertoire for new and developing string players. Popular with teachers and students alike, each title steadily introduces and consolidates new techniques, fingerings, notes and rhythms to build firm foundations for future learning.
Each title is available in two editions – one with a CD of demonstration and accompaniment audio tracks, and another with a piano accompaniment booklet plus access to downloadable audio resources.
Fast Forward, the third volume within the series, is a collection of twenty-one pieces that explore 0–12–3–4 and 0–1–2–34 finger patterns. New rhythms and compound time are introduced, along with a wider range of expression marks and some varied bowings.
Boosey & Hawkes BH 13426
|Academy Chimes||Barbican Chimes||Kensington Chimes|
|BH13426||BH13426 Academy Chimes 0 in stock||BH13426 Barbican Chimes 0 in stock||BH13426 Kensington Chimes 0 in stock|
This item currently has no reviews. | https://chimesmusic.com/sheet-music/orchestral-strings/viola/viola-albums/fast-forward-viola-part-audio-cd/ |
You may not be familiar with Sao Tome and Principe, Africa’s island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea, roughly 160 miles off the coast of Gabon. The islands have frequently been called “heaven on earth” for their enviable beauty, remoteness, lush rainforests, and abundant wildlife.
Sao Tome and Principe is one of the world’s least-visited countries, with only a little over 30,000 tourists in 2018, which is up greatly from previous years. Hugo Menezes, director general of tourism for Sao Tome and Principe, tells CNN Travel that just 7,900 people visited in 2010.
RELATED: Skip The Caribbean And Visit These African Islands In 2020
The country’s aim is to increase visitor numbers by 10% each year, he adds, and ensure tourism becomes a prominent economic pillar. According to cnn.com, Menezes believes tourism can help bring investment and a range of benefits that will aid its development, hence the push to attract new visitors.
Dilson Carvalho of the Sao Tome and Principe tourist board told CNN Travel that by boosting tourism, Sao Tome and Principe also hopes to raise awareness of the need to protect the country’s unique but delicate ecosystem while also providing economic opportunity for its citizens.
This “heaven on earth” destination should be an easy sell to travelers. With impressive hiking, diving, snorkeling, and trekking, this is the adventure seeker’s paradise. Not to mention the abundance of pristine beaches and crystal, clear water views that are begging to be explored.
RELATED: Ludacris Is Officially A Citizen Of The African Nation Gabon
Other attractions include a visit to Roca Sao Joao dos Angolares, an old plantation in the southwest of Sao Tome island that has been transformed into a restaurant, hotel, and art space by TV chef Joao Carlos Silva. Here, visitors can experience lavish Sao Tomean cuisine full of extravagant tropical flavors known to the island.
The best way to reach the islands is to fly into Accra before taking a short flight into São Tomé International Airport. | https://travelnoire.com/african-island-nation-more-tourists |
The Senior Technology Implementation Professional delivers new technological solutions to meet business needs within a specified scope while aligned to enterprise objectives. The Senior Technology Implementation Professional work assignments involve moderately complex to complex issues where the analysis of situations or data requires an in-depth evaluation of variable factors.
Responsibilities
Location: Remote
The Senior Technology Implementation Professional will act as the liaison and manage projects between IT and the business to oversee the development of the UM (utilization management) platform. The Senior Technology Implementation Professional will work with the business to understand the business objectives and strategy and take that to IT to help deliver an aligned product. The Senior Technology Implementation Professional will partner with the business to ensure operational readiness plans, business workflows, and metrics are complete and ready with delivery of new or updated functionality.
Meet with business to understand strategy and vision: develop a clear understanding of the Business model/process and what solutions are needed
Work with business on understanding of business requirements
Participate in PI planning sessions
Follow up post release with operational leaders to determine any issues/barriers and adoption rate of new functionality
Partner with support teams if issues do occur to make sure they are tracked to resolution
Role Essentials
Bachelor's Degree or equivalent work experience
5+ years or more of experience in technology implementations and/or product/project management
Knowledge of Systems Development Life Cycle, Waterfall, and Agile Development Methodologies
Experience in IT business analysis, including artifacts development
Experience problem solving and consultation within complex environments
Ability to facilitate cross-functional teams' efforts
Ability to work independently and efficiently to manage multiple completing projects and initiatives
Role Desirables
Master's Degree of Business Administration, Computer Science or a related field
Health plan experience
Utilization management platform experience
Additional Information
Humana is an organization with careers that change lives-including yours. As an innovator in the fast-paced industry of healthcare, we offer our associates careers that challenge, support and inspire them to use their passion for helping others and to lead their best lives. If you're ready to help people achieve lifelong well-being, and be a part of an organization that is growing and poised to make an impact on the future of healthcare, Humana has the right opportunity for you. | https://mass-it.jobs/boston-ma/senior-technology-implementation-professional/F0CE0A18E3F24A1ABCA8E97B227FD095/job/?vs=28 |
We travled 100 miles around the Ring of Kerry,stopping in many little towns along the way.My brother David and I play a game.Rate your one of our Top 5 Days in our life. This day, rates in that 5. Our bus driver was from County Mayo,and while we travled thru the countryside he played Celtic music,that was so melodic and enchanting. Some of the music was almost haunting as we listened.He also told the old Celtic Stories and Fairy Tales of long ago. I was really begining to understand my Irish Heritage. Our known IRISH Heritage is thru our mother's side,the clan name MORAN from Northern Ireland,probably County Mayo. We also were taught the Irish Drinking songs.What we in America don't understand,is that for so many years when Cromwell ruled these people,they were not allowed to gather in any community type of setting.So,when they were allowed to gather,they expressed their situations good and bad,in their songs. We celebrated St.Patricks Day (March 17) in Killarney this year. I don't think I will ever look at St.Patricks Day the same way again. It is NOT about the GREEN BEER, contrary to what we now think in America,and by the way,Boston has nothing on their celebration.As one Irish lady said to me as she pulled me onto the dance floor, and we were expected to be singing too by the way. "You didn't come to Irleand to watch,Yank".There was nothing negative in the term "Yank". I am American,so I did as my feet and heart commanded.DANCE AND SING for Ireland!!
David and Connie-Piece of the Berlin Wall-March,1999.This is displayed outside of the Royal Imperial Museum in London,England.(photo below)
It was an awesome feeling for David and I to stand in front of a piece of the Berlin Wall, and realize that Germany of today now understands "FREEDOM" just a little bit more.To think our German forefathers helped create the very FREEDOM in America that so many take for granted. I am taking about the Revolutionary War thru any current military actions.
David and Connie-London,England Big Bend in background
London was a really wonderful. We visited the Westminster Abby around the corner from Big Ben and Parilment.The Westminster Abby is where all of the Royalty is laid to rest in tombs and other fan fare. Our TREHEARNES married into the Oliver Cromwell line,so it was quite an expierence to stand in from of Oliver Cromwell's tomb.He is the oldest relation in our line that we are aware of.He is also the most famous,and highest in power that we know of. He was revered in England, but just the opposite in Ireland. The only other ENGLISH heritage name we are sure of is HAZZARD on dad's side.
David and I,Eifel Tower in Paris,France-1999
While in Paris we did get to visit Notre Dame Cathedral,the Louvre' museum,and then go to Versielles.There were some magnificent places and things to see in France. We then took the Chunnel train to London. We are not sure if we actually have any French Heritage,I'm beginning to think not,though our COY's might have been from *Alsace,France. However in the mid 1700's everything near the Rhine River Area in the Alps, was Germanic in language and culture. This is still being researched.
Webring to European Castles
Castles of the Brittish Isles
Castles of Wales website
(Photo below)David at Conway Castle, I took this photo from across on the other tower.
My Genealogy Journey really began on this day, on this tower at Conway Castle,North Wales. My father's maternal surname was TREHEARNE, which is Welsh.The family name actually means "of the Castle or by the Castle. TREHEARNE family clan name is either from Flintshire,or Carmenshire South Wales. The family motto is "Ofin Dduw A'r Brenhin" which means "Fear God & the King" We got the chance to actually travel from London all across Wales to Mold(Wales), and over thru Snowdonia National Park to this castle.The next day we got on a ferry headed for Ireland. As soon as we got back from this vacation,and I looked thru my pictures, the ROOTS bug had bitten me.I thought,how hard could it be to find the area of origin for each part of my lineage.The fun had only began as I started my Family search for the Beginings.
Chet and I standing in the Conway Castle on the Northern tip of Wales.This was the 1st Castle I had ever visited. I liked that this castle had been left in it's orginal state.Where floor boards would have made an upper level,they had been left out to see the layout to the inside. The castle has not been altered to make a big tourist attraction, and this perhaps it's appeal for me. I felt like I was touching history,as it was so many years ago.As we stood up on top of the towers and looked out over the countryside,I could feel the Celtic culture starting to make an impression on me.I was starting to understand that my roots had been from something long ago,that did not actually translate into the America we know today.
edit
Conway Castle link
Watching the changing of the guards at Buckingham Palace was a really a wonderful ceremony to watch.I felt compeled to add this photo to my website,because it now holds even more memories after the Attack of Sept.11,2001 in the United States. On Fri.Sept.14,2001 the Queen of England had the American Anthem played while the guards marched to their regular ceremony.This was the highest form of solidarity and brotherly love any country could have shown. My brother David and I told each other that we cried as we watched this on the News cast. Once someone understands how proper everything in England is,and the bond that this showed between America and England,this action goes beyond any words.It is also to be noted that it is only over 200 years ago,we decided to Declare Independance from England.To Europe,a couple hundred years is only a short time,to us a lifetime. This action will be ingrained in my memories forever,and I will ALWAYS hear the Star Spangled Banner being played when I gaze upon this photo. | https://members.tripod.com/connie_coy/coyfamilyhistory/id17.html |
Our Projects & Solutions team is in charge of managing the firm's cross-functional projects. To ensure a seamless working environment in all areas, the team centralises the management of our various internal projects, ensuring that projects and any changes to them are in line with Arendt's overall strategy, and co-ordinating the implementation of solutions to improve continuously the services we provide to our customers.
The team is also responsible for the implementation and ongoing enhancement of business applications, including practice management, customer relationship management, GED and other platforms
The key objectives of our team are to:
- Prioritise projects according to the firm strategy,
- Analyse business needs, identify possible solutions and facilitate decision-making.
- Co-ordinate all activities in connection with the implementation of business applications and any necessary changes. | https://www.arendt.com/jcms/dev_5148/en/business-systems-and-processes |
If you’re not a scientist, a person who follows the weather or a storm-tracker, then it might seem random: Why do some tropical systems turn into hurricanes, and why do others fall apart?
It’s not random -- there are actually three factors largely at play, according to this July 2020 report.
Meteorologist Candace Campos said hurricanes can come in all different shapes and sizes, but there are a few things that need to occur consecutively for storms to live and remain healthy. Below are the top three factors that have a direct impact on the strength of a tropical system.
1. Warm ocean water
Think of hurricanes as a massive heat engine, transferring heat energy from the surface of the ocean and releasing it into the atmosphere, Campos said.
This process can’t begin until waters are hot enough to fuel tropical development. And that’s why hurricanes only form in tropical waters, where ocean temperatures are above 80 degrees. The longer a storm stays over water, the better chance it has to maintain or even strengthen further.
The only exception is if a storm becomes stationary. This will allow waters to churn up enough and cool down under the rain and clouds of the storm -- and this was the case with Hurricane Dorian in 2019.
The deadly major hurricane slammed its brakes over the Bahamas, eventually weakening over the cooling waters.
2. Wind shear
Wind shear in a storm is the change of wind speed or direction vertically through the storm.
If the wind is stronger toward the top of the hurricane (high shearing), the center column of the storm will become tilted. Think of a spinning top. If it spins directly upright, it maintains its speed, Campos said.
The moment the top begins to tilt, the spinning speed significantly drops. This goes the same for a hurricane: Any slight tilt to the center, will weaken or even destroy a storm. Lower wind shear, or evenly winds through the atmosphere, is what a storm needs to maintain its health.
3. Moisture content
Hurricanes are jam-packed with moisture. Campos said they’re similar to steam engines sucking up heat energy from the water into the belly of the storm. It’s the same way as runners staying hydrated during a marathon.
But this is not the ONLY source of moisture for storms.
They need plenty of available moisture in their immediate surroundings. If dry air is nearby, it has the potential to be sucked into the center of the storm. If dry air finds a way in, it will quickly erode the whole system and weaken the storm.
Although hurricane season runs from June 1 through Nov. 31, that doesn’t mean tropical development is impossible outside this time. As long as these three conditions align, a tropical system can develop any time of the year. | https://www.ksat.com/features/2020/08/19/how-does-a-hurricane-develop-anyway/ |
It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing.
Abstract/Summary
Estimates of the embodied carbon of buildings are resource intensive to produce and are subject to a wide range of uncertainties. Much of the time spent conducting an assessment is allocated to collate quantities of materials. Carbon factor data are a further important input to the assessment. A range of possible sources of carbon factors are available and these display high variability both in magnitude for a given material and also in terms of data quality. These features impair the use of such assessments in attempts to reduce carbon emissions associated with buildings. This research presents a simpler means of producing embodied carbon estimates and assesses the impact of uncertainty to improve decision making about carbon reduction, in the specific case of supermarket buildings. This approach is applied to a number of case studies of buildings constructed by Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd. in the UK. A new approach has been developed for estimating embodied carbon using Building Information Modelling as a source of material quantity data. The approach demonstrates how establishing a machine-readable link between this data and carbon factor data, for example from Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) facilitates semi-automation of an important step in the assessment process. In comparison to more traditional, manual methods, this new method offers improved efficiency by reducing repetition of data entry. The thesis also examines the possible effects of uncertainty and the analysis has shown that despite recent efforts to increase standardisation of EPDs across Europe, significant uncertainties remain. An approach recently applied in related fields of environmental assessment, which combines qualitative and quantitative assessment techniques, is used to show how these effects may be better understood and mitigated. The value of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to the results of comparative embodied carbon assessments of the kind that might typically be used to support the design of low carbon buildings. | https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75322/ |
This is a fully Remote and Work From Home (WFH) opportunity within the US
Science 37 is accelerating the research and development of breakthrough biomedical treatments by bringing clinical trials to patients' homes. The Science 37 Operating System (OS) enables universal access to patients and providers, leading to faster enrollment, greater retention and a more representative patient population. To help us achieve our goal, we are seeking a Clinical Research Manager eager to make an impact within a mission-driven organization.
The Clinical Research Manager is responsible for the operational oversight and daily management of Clinical Research Coordinators. As team manager, the individual has the discretion to make daily operational decisions, guided by an understanding of best practices, as well as convincingly recommending process improvements. The Clinical Research Manager will problem-solve complex situations which require integrative solutions and an understanding of the smallest details of clinical research. The Clinical Research Manager is responsible for overseeing the coordination of trial participation and study volunteers with the trial’s protocol, company and trial Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Good Clinical Practice (GCP)/ International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, FDA regulations and other applicable regulations (global, state, etc.). The Clinical Research Manager is responsible for working with the trial delivery team to meet enrollment and retention goals and ensure compliance with the study protocol.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Duties include but are not limited to:
- Manage Clinical Research Coordinators (CRCs) workload and work assignments.
- Supervise CRCs; meet with CRC team regularly and communicate performance expectations and guidelines.
- Determine needed project processes. Train and maintain project team knowledge/application of project processes. Modify practices and procedures to improve efficiency and quality.
- Assist Corporate Trainer with the development, oversight and delivery of project team training and training materials, as needed.
- Apply clinical research knowledge and broad understanding of functional areas to develop solutions to complex problems.
- Facilitate communication with investigators to assure understanding of expectations and work scope.
- Work with the Project Manager and Corporate Trainer to ensure CRCs are adequately trained for their respective study responsibilities and participate in review of protocols.
- Oversee the CRC new hire process to ensure that CRAs have completed the appropriate training.
- Promote effective teamwork among CRCs and provide ongoing direction and management to develop skills for CRCs.
- Assist with development and upkeep of CRC duties and work instructions.
- Meet with Investigators/Project Managers/Director of Clinical Operations/SVP Clinical Operations/ Corporate Trainer to understand CRC needs.
- Participate in project meetings.
- Identify and recommend improvement initiatives.
- Problem-solve varied solutions that require significant analysis or interpretation and investigative solutions.
- Ensure research quality by practicing in compliance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and applicable federal, state, and local regulations.
- Manage the coordination of patient care in compliance with protocol requirements. May disburse investigational drug and provide participants education regarding medication administration, depending on appropriate degree and certification.
- Maintain investigational drug accountability, depending on appropriate degrees and certification.
- Assist in training CRCs to review study participants for changes in condition, adverse events, concomitant medication use, protocol compliance, response to study drug and thoroughly documents all findings, depending on appropriate degrees and certification.
- Responsible for insuring CRCs complete accurate and timely data collection, documentation, entry, and reporting.
- Schedule and participate in monitoring and auditing activities.
- Maintain comprehensive knowledge of assigned research protocol to coordinate the comprehensive and compliant execution of assigned protocols in accordance with research governing entity requirements, including but not limited to sponsor, FDA, and IRB requirements.
- Ensure the completion and maintenance of consent forms, case report forms, SAE’s and source documents to ensure that research is being conducted according to guidelines.
- Maintain regulatory documents in accordance with SOPs and applicable regulations.
- Supervise and manage CRCs as they prepare, submit, and maintain IRB approval materials.
- Participate in required training and education programs. Responsible for education of other personnel and vendors regarding clinical research, as necessary.
- Collaborate with Project Manager to ensure compliance to trial procedures and vendor management.
- Train CRCs to provide a safe environment for study participants, caregivers, and study personnel at all times through compliance with all federal, state, and professional regulatory standards.
- Oversee, mentor and build Clinical Research Coordinator team.
- Mentor CRCs and guide them through studies, processes, issues.
- Conduct performance reviews, calibration sessions and feedback discussions. Performs competency assessments across his/her team, and implements and monitors development plans with direct reports.
- Assists in the interviewing of potential CRC candidates.
- Work with and advises the Virtual Site Director, Director(s) of Clinical Operations and Project Managers to identify the appropriate CRC for trial studies based on the individuals experience, knowledge, etc.
QUALIFICATIONS & SKILLS
Qualifications
- Bachelor’s degree required; advanced degree, a plus.
- 7+ years of pharmaceutical-sponsored clinical research experience.
- 3-5+ years of experience managing Clinical Research Coordinators
- Experience building, managing, and guiding individual(s) and/or a team, strongly preferred.
- Medical and scientific knowledge, strongly preferred.
Skills/Competencies
- Expertise in trial management. Demonstrated ability to successfully manage the participation of patients in clinical trials. Proactive problem solving abilities and follow through.
- Personnel management and team leadership skills. Demonstrated ability to train, coach and evaluate clinical trial team members. Strong focus on collaboration and ability to direct work.
- Extensive Knowledge of FDA regulations and GCP guidelines. Understands applicable regulations and implications for trial participation.
- Extensive knowledge of clinical research. Understands the drug development process. Knowledgeable about the critical elements for success in clinical trials; participation in and contribution to these activities.
- Strong communication and presentation skills. Demonstrates strong written and verbal communication skills. Ability to establish and maintain positive study participant, project team. member and internal Science37 relationships. Ability to interact with patients and caregivers in a compassionate and empathetic manner.
- Computer skills. Working knowledge of MS Office suite and Google applications. Able to generate business correspondence, create forms and generate reports as required. Willingness to gain expertise in the use of propriety software.
- Practices professionalism and integrity in all actions. Demonstrated ability to foster concepts of teamwork, cooperation, self- control, and flexibility to get the work done. The ability to adapt to a rapidly changing work environment. Able to successfully work in a decentralized team environment. Skilled in situational responsive decision-making.
- Problem Solving. Proactive problem-solving ability and follow-through.
- Interpersonal Savvy. Understands interpersonal and group dynamics and reacts in an effective and tactful manner and has a range of interpersonal skills and approaches with ability to select a best-fit approach.
- Ability to motivate & influence. Ability to motivate, influence and guide team members and direct reports; gains commitments from others.
- Build and manage teams. Experience in building and guiding organizational teams. Leverages each team member’s unique background and perspective to achieve team goals while providing clear direction and accountabilities. Commitment to collaboration, within and across departments.
Capabilities
- Up to 20% travel, as needed, for project team meetings, client presentations and other professional meetings/conferences as needed
- Ability to communicate in English (both verbal and written)
Supervision
The incumbent reports directly to the Virtual Site Director who will also assign projects, provide general direction and guidance and indirect reporting to the VP of Clinical Operations. Incumbent is expected to perform duties and responsibilities with minimal supervision.
Direct Reports
Clinical Research Coordinators
Science 37 is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, color, religion, national origin, disability, protected Veteran status, age, or any other characteristic protected by law.
Science 37 values the well-being of its employees and aims to provide team members with everything they need to succeed.
Submit your resume to apply! | https://boards.greenhouse.io/science37/jobs/3387857 |
„Usefulness of 3D scanning in industrial design”
3D scanning is a modern, fast and extremely precise technique for acquiring 3D environmental data. Although it is still a kind of technical novelty, the circle of its supporters is gradually growing. What are the advantages of using such measurements and will they work well in industrial design?
What is 3D scanning?
Scanning is the process of reading data (which takes the form of an image/information), capturing it and processing it into electronic form. A 3D scanner is a device that creates a 3D model based on a real existing object. The resulting model is a collection of a huge number of points (file in STL extension), which perfectly represent the scanned object. Currently available 3D scanners (short-, medium- and long-range) create models with precision as low as 0.005mm (5μm) supporting the work of many industries such as medicine (scanning and reconstruction of bones or their fragments, repair of prostheses), construction (inventory of buildings, their internal installations or structures, investigation of potential collisions), surveying (situational and height measurements), shipbuilding (inventories of ships and other marine objects). It is therefore possible to image objects of the widest variety of dimensions and structure, with different scanners being used for scanning, for example, buildings or other objects of complex structure (3D laser scanners), and others for scanning objects that show movement, such as the human body (3D structured light scanners).
Laser scanners:
Due to the way the distance is measured, there are three types of laser scanners: pulse, phase and triangulation (with a single or dual camera). In the case of pulsed scanner measurement, the emitted light beam is reflected from the surface of the target, and its return is registered in the detector. Based on the measurement of the time between the moment of emission and return of the pulse, the distance of the point from the scanner is calculated. The accuracy of such measurements is estimated at 4 – 10 mm with a scanning speed of up to 50,000 points per second and a maximum range of up to 300 m. In phase scanners, distance is measured by analyzing the phase shift of the wave returning to the detector after reflection from the object compared to the phase of the beam being sent. Phased-array scanners can measure distances with greater precision (4 mm accuracy) and speed (up to about 970,000 points per second), but with a shorter scanning range (up to about 130 m). For industry, triangulation lasers will be the most suitable, as they have the greatest precision in measurement (shorter range, greater accuracy – even to hundredths of a millimeter). The measurement is made by sending a laser beam that falls on the matrix of a digital camera after reflecting off an object.
Różnicując skanery przez pryzmat ich pola widzenia należy wspomnieć także o podziale na skanery panoramiczne, hybrydowe oraz typu kamera – wybór urządzenia każdorazowo zależeć będzie od złożoności i gabarytów mapowanego obiektu. It will also be necessary to take into account other important issues, such as the location of the scanner, the appropriate resolution, the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the object to be scanned, so-called noise, atmospheric conditions, as well as the presence of glass and shiny surfaces that may reflect the beam in the wrong direction.
Scanning for the industry:
Analyzing the topic of modern measurements through the prism of PROSTER’s experience, it is worth talking about two main areas in which 3D scanning will be an invaluable support. The first area, is the need to map the entire production facility, understood as a building facility, in terms of planned future reconstruction/expansion, etc. An inventory carried out by scanning will give an image that is accurate to the smallest details (especially those invisible to the eye). This solution will be particularly helpful for facilities built decades earlier, for which it is difficult to find reliable design documentation or any technical documentation. Thanks to the measurements taken, the designer will be able to make an analysis of the condition of the structure, study the verticality of the elements and the shape and structure of existing deformations. The high resolution of the resulting point cloud will make it possible to accurately detect existing cavities and assess their size. Such a collection of information will allow to estimate the need for renovation or modernization.
Area two is to perform scans of individual production line components (machine parts) that need to be replaced due to damage or wear. The model of the detail obtained in this way allows for faithful reproduction. An example of this type of implementation at PROSTER was the design of a glow chamber, which was to be a copy of an existing solution (made in casting technique), working as a component of a larger production line. Precision craftsmanship was therefore crucial for a perfect match between old and new components. Against this background, it is important to emphasise the high usefulness of scanning equipment especially in working with complex objects, where traditional methods of measurement would not only be time-consuming, but also subject to a significant risk of error, and very often simply impossible. The use of laser scanning as a measurement method in industrial design makes it possible to record the actual and accurate condition of an object and provides the precise data needed to create technical documentation. Importantly for designers, it is possible to export the point cloud to the CAD environment for models, sections, projections and subsequent studies.
Author: Marzena Fijałkowska
Bibliography: | https://proster.net.pl/en/knowledge-base/usefulness-of-3d-scanning-in-industrial-design/ |
Most of the well-known Design-Build companies have an objective validation of the in-house BIM models. This ensures that the information contained in the Building Information Model (BIM) is accurate and consistent. The process consists of standard checks such as checking the folder structure, naming conventions, drawing and sheet naming, as well as comprehensive checks such as design verification and validation and adherence to building code. To ensure that outputs such as CD sets, shop drawings and quantity bills (BOQ) from your BIM model are reliable, it is mandatory to adhere to industry best practices, standards and LOD.
Our extensive experience in the creation of BIM models for a variety of building types, such as commercial / residential buildings, hospitals, prisons, schools, metro stations and water treatment plants, as well as industrial plants, can be used to review the BIM model against the indented design and to solve any anomalies in order to give you the best result. Our expertise with both imperial and metric systems ensures that all validations such as detail levels, naming standards and other design criteria are properly documented and complied with.
BIM Audit Checklist:
- Compliance to processes and standards
- Compliance to BIM execution protocol
- BIM capability assessment for all the scope of work involved in that project
- Model accuracy verification against the design intent
- All drawing and other schedule outputs have been managed per the standards and requirement
- Are regular Model Review & Model Checking procedures being followed and reported? | https://www.pbimis.com/en/services/bim.html |
Position Summary:
Under limited supervision, leads, manages and administers the construction and delivery of new facilities and renovation of existing facilities, to include contract preparation, on-site coordination, quality control, and all aspects of contract leadership and management.
Kincaid Henry is looking for an enthusiastic individual(s) interested in assessing customer service expectations and ensuring delivery of contractual services by applying expertise in engineering and construction management as a Project Leader.
As a member of our operations group, this person will provide project leadership during both the planning/pre-construction phase and construction phase(s). Aptitude for team-based planning and problem-solving and wholehearted commitment to building strong partnerships to support project goals will be critical to success.
Kincaid Henry has a Proven Process for construction projects called, ‘Collaborate Create Succeed’. This process is what Kincaid Henry operates with on every project. Kincaid Henry is a negotiation only, fee based, development/construction management company. This position is for individuals looking for an ability to lead a project from concept to construction – construction to completion for a client.
Responsibilities:
• This person will be responsible for planning and delivering projects typically ranging from $1-12 million, developing budgets hands-on, and providing leadership to the construction project team.
• Work Planning: Ability to plan and prioritize individual contributions and those of team members to achieve high-quality, timely results. Dependable and punctual for all work-related commitments.
• Relationships: Ability to earn respect through the credibility of construction knowledge and positive approach to problem solving. Ability to develop productive relationships within the project team, with contractors, government officials, municipal employees, design teams, consultants, and clients.
• Communication: Strong communication skills, including excellent ability to identify and understand requirements of the project team and to participate in collaborative problem solving. Ability to write meeting minutes, proposals, monthly reports, project scorecards, and other related project documentation.
• Detail Orientation: Ability to successfully ensure the accuracy of project documentation. Ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations
• Professionalism: Ability to maintain a positive attitude and professional demeanor and appearance at all times and perform well under project constraints and deadlines
• Computer Skills: Strong computer skills with Microsoft Office (Excel, Word, Outlook, PowerPoint) working knowledge of project management software. Willingness to test and implement new technologies as they become available
• Math Skills: Solid numerical and analytical skills and ability to apply these skills to achieve accurate project budgeting and basic estimating for project scope changes
• Learning Orientation: Willing to pursue related educational and training opportunities for job performance improvement on an on-going basis, and to openly share knowledge and debate concepts with appropriate members of the Kincaid Henry team
• Cultivate long-term client relationships that provide repeat business
• Work with A/E firms to establish plans and specifications
• Lead the project team to establish a project budget and GMP
• Establish and approve a list of qualified bidders for projects
• Establish project contract with the owner
• Lead project team to establish a project scope of work
• Accumulate bids and establish a budget project spreadsheet for projects
• Negotiate with subcontractors and suppliers to meet project budget
• Lead project team in value engineering, means and methodology, as required for project feasibility
• Establish project schedule
• Lead project buyout
• Lead Safety project requirements, pre-construction safety meetings, and work plans
• Lead Project Site Leader and Assistant Project Leader to meeting daily/weekly project need for quality control, safety, and schedule
• Create weekly meeting agenda and host on-site project meetings
• Create and lead the monthly project scorecard for the project team
• Lead and manage project closeout
• Assure client sign off of project punch list before occupancy
• Manage final invoicing requirements
• Perform warranty calls to meet company requirements
• Review the project scorecard with the Site Leader, Operations Leader, and Assitant Project Leader for project goals regarding profit, gen requirements, schedule and client requirements
• Mentor Assistant Project Leaders in proper construction and Kincaid Henry practices
Qualifications:
• Bachelor’s degree in civil engineering, construction management, or a related field
• Five years or more of construction project leadership experience
• Successful completion of classes or other training or experience in construction management, project management, safety, communication, and ability to demonstrate knowledge and understanding
• Ability to handle multiple demands while keeping a positive, results-focused attitude toward clients, subcontractors, and co-workers
• Knowledge of the operating practices of construction, architectural, and building firms.
• Demonstrated success in project management, positions requiring professionalism and integrity
• Possess an understanding of zoning and permitting issues for the localities where Company does business
• Ability to conceptualize the “big picture” from blueprints and construction drawings and translate that vision into a well-constructed facility
• Ability to command respect from customers and subcontractors
• Ability to problem-solve in a fast-paced environment
• Must be computer proficient
• Must possess excellent communication skills
Standards of Performance:
• Adherence to the employment agreement
• Quality performance of duties listed in the job description
• Adherence to corporate policies
• Adherence to Kincaid Henry Core Values
• Report to work on time
• Respectful interaction with other employees, owners, consultants, subcontractors and the general public
Interested candidates, please submit your resume and cover letter using the form below. Please include job title you are applying for in the “message” section. Thank you.
Kincaid Henry provides development and construction services to meet the unique needs of each client. We have expertise and insight to meet a wide range of challenges. Kincaid Henry works with clients from concept to construction and construction to completion through a proven process we call ‘Collaborate, Create, Succeed.’ The core focus of Kincaid Henry is to develop the dreams of the clients and communities it serves.
We are Leaders, Partners, and Innovators. | http://kincaidbuild.com/project-leader/ |
However, if we stop to analyze in detail the information offered by the Councilor for Culture and municipal spokesperson for the bipartisan, Antonio Manresa, on the actions to be carried out by the aforementioned agreement and the situation of these archaeological ruins, declared a Site of Cultural Interest (BIC), let’s not forget it, we will see that this announcement, publicized from the rooftops as a success, supposes, rather, the public recognition of a failure due to the abandonment policy that our City Council has been practicing for a long time regarding our city and its heritage.
In the eighties, valuable archaeological remains from Roman times were identified on a plot located next to the Parque de las Naciones urbanization, in the Albufereta neighborhood, which led in 1987 to carry out a major campaign of excavation and cataloging of the remains found. Along with the remains of an oil mill or torcularium, a necropolis, an area of hot springs with a hypocaustum or heating system were identified, as well as an oven that could have been used for the manufacture of bread or glass, along with urban structures with rooms decorated with wall paintings and a warehouse. There were also outstanding pieces of pottery, coins and the remains of columns from a possible religious building.
The years passed and the site where the valuable ruins found were located did not stop deteriorating, accumulating rubble, garbage and waste. Twenty-three years it took to undertake a new campaign of excavation and conservation. It was in 2010, with the support of the Servef (Valencian Employment Service) and the full funding of the Generalitat Valenciana, at no cost to the City Council, hiring a team of 26 people who worked for six months, consisting of four archaeologists, two restorers, four draftsmen and sixteen laborers. The importance of the work carried out made it possible to accurately map and catalog the set of ruins, becoming aware of their important historical and cultural value. At the same time, remains of enormous value were found and located, coinciding with those that were already identified in previous years. Thus, six tombs and four funeral urns were rescued, accompanied by numerous fragments of ceramic vessels and utensils, a coin from the time of Augustus and decorated bones. After studying the pieces and remains found, the technicians concluded that they dated back from the high Roman Empire in the 1st century to the 4th or 5th century in the late imperial era. A true historical gem that acquires more value if it is connected with the valuable archaeological ruins of Lucentum, located in the environment.
Once this archaeological campaign was finished, the remains were covered with plastic, fenced off with very flimsy metal fences and it was built, with money from Plan E from the time of Zapatero, a concrete perimeter wall with a metal fence in the area that overlooked Avenida de Miriam Blasco. But the archaeological ruins were left to their fate once again, filling with weeds and plants, with a gradual degradation that has turned the heritage found into a garbage dump, a rubbish dump or simply a bottle of water and a place to deposit all kinds of waste. Even the City Council itself, doing a terrible pedagogy, has used the site as a stone deposit for years, as can be seen when visiting the place.
This process of abandonment has not prevented that, since then, different municipal governments have announced year after year all kinds of wonders about the place, including turning it into an open-air museum that can be visited, while the abandonment and visible deterioration of the ruins became unstoppable. , despite being considered a BIC with comprehensive protection. Hollow propaganda in the face of harsh reality, something quite common in Alicante.
Now, the Councilor for Culture announces, with great fanfare, a phase 0 for this valuable archaeological site that starts with the cleaning of the area and the elimination of weeds and shrubs, the consolidation of the structures found and very degraded in some cases, together with the identification with geo-radar of all the remains to plan subsequent actions. Excellent, magnificent, but wouldn’t it have been better if our City Council had not allowed such valuable archaeological and cultural heritage to be abandoned until it became a garbage dump invaded by weeds and full of waste? How can a public abandonment of the municipal obligation of protection of a cataloged and protected asset like this for more than twenty years? It is not necessary to remember, or yes, that the bipartisan has more than two years in the government and Barcala more than three as mayor.
But the bad thing is that this same example can be found in many other cases in the city. Therefore, it is urgent to change once and for all the culture of abandonment that has soaked, for a long time, too many spaces in municipal management in Alicante.
www.informacion.es
Eddie is an Australian news reporter with over 9 years in the industry and has published on Forbes and tech crunch. | https://digismak.com/change-the-culture-of-abandonment/ |
Conflict and Displacement in DRC Fuel an Acute Humanitarian Emergency in Uganda
In December, violence flared between communities in the Ituri province of northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The conflict intensified in February when fighting broke out in the Djugu area.
Houses were burned, people were killed, and tens of thousands fled their homes in search of safety. Some of these displaced people made their way south to Bunia, while others traveled north to Mahagi or crossed Lake Albert into neighboring Uganda. Many, however, remain stranded in areas that are currently inaccessible to aid organizations. Doctors Without Borders/Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) is working on both sides of Lake Albert, offering medical humanitarian assistance to those in need.
In the past two weeks, MSF has treated thousands of displaced people in DRC and is responding to a cholera outbreak in Hoima district in Uganda, where new arrivals are hosted.
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Uganda: Tackling Cholera and More in Hoima District
In the past several weeks more than 40,000 Congolese people displaced by the violence have paid to cross Lake Albert to neighboring Uganda, where the facilities in place to welcome the displaced are already overwhelmed and the dire conditions have had disastrous health consequences. On February 23, Ugandan authorities confirmed a cholera outbreak affecting both displaced and host communities in Hoima district.
The outbreak has resulted in least 1,000 severe cases requiring hospitalization and led to more than 30 deaths since mid-February.
“The situation in Uganda is extremely alarming, with the trend in cholera cases still increasing and a very high mortality rate,” says MSF emergency coordinator in Uganda Ahmad Mahat. “In addition to dedicated cholera treatment centers, we are scaling up our response as quickly as possible, setting up a water treatment plant at Sebagoro landing site to increase access to clean water for the refugees as well as communities living along the shores, putting in place oral rehydration points, surveillance, [and] water trucking, and building additional latrines.”
However, access to clean water alone will not be enough to curb the spread of the disease; MSF is also urging the launch of a mass vaccination campaign to prevent more cases.
“To control this deadly outbreak and protect those most at risk, it is really urgent to undertake a cholera vaccination campaign in the coming days,” says Mahat. “This must be a part of the routine response for such epidemics. After discussing with global partners, a stock of vaccines has been made available for this emergency campaign and MSF stands ready to assist the Ministry of Health as soon as the green light is given.”
In Sebarogo, a small fishing village in Hoima, MSF teams have set up a 50-bed cholera treatment center (CTC) in the town’s health center, which MSF also supports with supplies and resources, in addition to a mobile health post at the landing site to refer the most urgent cases to the health center. MSF also opened a 50-bed CTC in Kasonga health center near the reception center in Sebarogo.
Crossing the Lake
Refugees who leave DRC for Uganda make the journey in rickety, overcrowded fishing boats and canoes. The trip can take between six and 10 hours, and there have been reports of refugees drowning after their boat capsized.
Many people see no choice but to flee, however.
“New arrivals tell us of attacks at night, and a small number have deep cuts and wounds,” Mahat said. “Many arrive traumatized and exhausted, with sick children. Those using small canoes sometimes had to paddle for almost three days to reach safety here.”
Congolese refugees who cross the lake disembark in Sebarogo. The village’s landing site was quickly overwhelmed in mid-February when up to 3,000 people started landing each day during the height of the current refugee influx. Numbers have now decreased, partly because of weather conditions and prohibitive prices for passage across the lake, but hundreds of refugees still arrive daily.
New arrivals quickly leave Sebarogo for Kagoma reception center, which is managed by Ugandan authorities and UN partners. There they await registration and humanitarian assistance before moving to a refugee camp, usually Kyangwali settlement or other camps in midwestern Uganda. However, bus transportation and the registration system were at times so overwhelmed in February that the refugees stayed at the landing site for several days and up to a week with barely any assistance: there were no latrines, and the only available water source was the lake. Some moved on to Sebarogo town to join relatives and host families.
Kagoma reception center and Marutatu settlement (part of Kyangwali) are currently unable to cope with the influx of refugees. New arrivals already made vulnerable by their flight and the violence in Ituri end up sleeping in the open air, exposed to the rains and with inadequate access to water and food. Hygiene and sanitation conditions are appalling.
In Kagoma reception center, MSF teams vaccinated 5,263 children against polio and measles and 2,160 women of childbearing age against tetanus. MSF also opened a 24/7 outpatient clinic where over 2,000 patients have been treated since mid-February, for conditions including diarrhea and cholera, malaria, and respiratory infections. This clinic also provides antenatal care and assistance to survivors of sexual violence.
DRC: Addressing the Needs in Ituri
In mid-February, OCHA estimated that around 20,000 people were sheltering in Bunia town in DRC. Most are living with friends and family, and 2,000 more have gathered at a temporary site at the regional hospital. MSF supports basic health care in three health centers in Bunia, Bigo, Kindia, and Lembabo, and helps refer severe cases to two nearby hospitals.
In the last two weeks, MSF teams saw 2,117 outpatients—783 were children under five years old and 349 were pregnant women—mainly suffering from malaria, respiratory infections, and diarrhea. MSF teams also offer mental health consultations, as many arriving in Bunia are traumatized by the violence they witnessed or experienced. There are unaccompanied children among them, and people who lost everything in their flight.
Additionally, MSF has undertaken water and sanitation work at the hospital site, installing a water supply and erecting 20 latrines and 10 showers. Teams distributed 1,200 kits of non-food items such as blankets and soap and continue to support the distribution of food such as flour, salt, and rice to the displaced.
“Most of the displaced people in Ituri are living with host families, but some are sheltering in schools, churches, or small informal camps,” says MSF emergency coordinator in DRC Florent Uzzeni. “Many in Bunia are women and children who are totally reliant on aid for their most basic needs, such as food and water. We know that there are many displaced people in the areas we can’t yet reach due to insecurity, and every effort needs to be made to bring them the assistance they so desperately need.”
An MSF team is also present in Mahagi, further north, where exploratory missions are ongoing. Additionally, MSF has been providing remote support to harder-to-reach areas like Drodro, including through donations of drugs and equipment and kits for treating the wounded. As very little help is available to these people, many are gradually making their way north in search of food, medical care, and shelter.
The situation in Ituri province remains unpredictable, and new waves of violence could cause further influxes of people to Uganda. At present, insecurity is preventing many people displaced within DRC from accessing lifesaving assistance. MSF is working to reach them. But the deadly cholera outbreak and inadequate provision of humanitarian aid in Uganda mean that a new, acute emergency is now developing on the shores of Lake Albert. | |
Part of practicing good population health is regularly performing transition care management visits (TCMs), referred to in “Overcoming Transition of Care Management (TCM) Visit Challenges.” This visit is essentially a scheduled primary care visit that occurs within 1-2 weeks of an inpatient, observation, or skilled nursing facility discharge. This special visit, however, may force physicians to think more about what is going on in their own offices to prevent the admissions in the first place, as well as pose the questions around identifying when their patients are admitted. How do these providers handle care proactively?
Through a major push from the government for providers to use electronic health records, we see that the majority of hospitals throughout the country have Admit, Discharge, and Transfer (ADT) feeds that were created to alert providers electronically. At first this feed wasn’t welcomed by many hospitals, however, the push to value-based care requires serious continuity of care efforts. Once the ADTs have been established, the provider offices can understand when a patient is admitted so that they may be prepared for the TCM and ensure the patient gets back to baseline in the community as quick as possible.
The problem with areas that may be heavily populated with healthcare facilities and hospitals is that there lies an extreme burden on administrators to obtain all the necessary feeds to get a good picture of the hospital ADTs. In an effort to minimize that burden, many states are creating their own Health Information Exchanges (HIE), which is a mass consolidation of ADT feeds, and may vary with additional clinical information by state and solution.
There are several types of HIEs: State HIEs, Private HIEs, and Community HIEs. In time, with better interoperability, we should see more data shared across the country rather than segmented as it currently is. HIEs are growing fast. In fact, the private Health Information Exchange market has been predicted to nearly double in value by 2024. This comes as no surprise as practices still without EHRs are declining, and the need for sharing data is fast increasing.
When I was part of a large multispecialty private practice near West Palm Beach, FL, we had ADT feeds set up with every hospital within a 20-mile radius of our office. All it took was a call to each hospital’s Medical Records department, and they would usually have us fill out requisite forms. After that, we made sure our providers instructed every single patient that, “If you end up in the hospital, let them know that we are your primary care providers.” As we had a patient advocate on staff, she was in charge of receiving the ADT feeds, but even your own medical records department can handle that responsibility. Upon admittance, we would contact the patient via our Patient Portal, reminding them that upon discharge to schedule an appointment with us. Once we received notification via the ADT feed that the patient had been discharged, our staff would actively reach out to schedule their TCM appointment. If your ACO plans on designing a TCM initiative to reduce hospital admissions and boost quality care, establishing an ADT feed with your local hospitals should be at the top of the “To Do” list.
As a former administrator from a provider organization, I can tell you that without the addition of the ADT and HIE feeds, our managed care and accountable care performance would not have been the same. The continuity of care was the key to ensuring proper transitions so that our patients felt that we had a strong grasp of their healthcare and that we truly were their primary care providers.
If you’re unsure about whether you can connect to an HIE or even ADTs, speak with the service providers in your region and hospitals that your patients frequent. They’ll provide you with their specific requirements, and you can determine if you have the technology to support the interoperability. CMS has a great getting started plan to use as a checklist. If your state doesn’t have an HIE, or the local hospitals are not connected to the HIE, nor do they have an ADT feed, at least consider creating a direct feed via fax or encrypted E-mail. To practice good population health you need every advantage you can get to stay on top of your patient’s information. With a link to an HIE and a few ADT feeds, you’re off to a great start. | https://salienthealthcare.com/blog-adt-feeds-getting-the-jump-on-population-health/ |
Drinking Water in Arid ClimatesThis is an activity on water condensation that illustrates to students how water droplets collect on surfaces under certain circumstances. Students measure condensation formed in their water traps and chart the results over several days. They learn to observe and evaluate experimental results and discuss their conclusions as a group. They also design improved water traps to collect greater amounts of water. A narrative about Native American tradition teaches students that water condensation could be an important source of drinking water in arid climates.
Key Concepts
Atmospheric Science, Water Cycle, Condensation
Program/Collection
Multicultural Classroom Activities View All »
Duration
2 - 50 minute class period
Audience
3-5
Partners
National Teachers Enhancement Network
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Topics
Earth Science
Resource Type
Extended Lesson Plan
Format
Website
Updated
1/23/2017You'll find additional information specific to this extended lesson plan below.
Background
Many years ago, Native Americans -- especially those who moved frequently across the Great Plains -- often had problems finding safe sources of drinking water. Many tribes lived in very arid regions of North America that often had few easily available sources of water. Native Americans used to migrate from hunting spot to hunting spot and often were not near a river or lake when they needed water. They watched and learned from animals that condensation was a natural source of good-quality water. Animals know by instinct how to find water and food. In the early morning hours, animals like deer, antelope, and buffalo would lick plant leaves to get water. If the Native Americans did not have containers of water with them, they also had to collect water from natural condensation. This traditional source of water in dry landscapes illustrates that the concept of condensation can be used to recover drinkable water from the atmosphere.
Water has three physical states -- gas, liquid, and solid. The gas phase is often called water vapor. The physical state of water is determined by how fast the molecules that make up water are moving. If the molecules are moving quickly then the water is in the gas phase. As the molecules slow down, the water goes from the gas phase to the liquid phase and then to the solid phase. Water in the water cycle moves from the gas phase in the atmosphere (water vapor) to the liquid phase as rain and the solid phase as snow or ice, and then back into the atmosphere as a gas (water vapor) through the process of evaporation.
The movement from gas form to liquid form is called condensation. In order for water to condense, the water molecules must slow down. One way for the molecules to slow down is to come into contact with a surface that is cooler than the dew point. The dew point is the temperature to which the air must be cooled for condensation to occur. Dew point is related to relative humidity because they both indicate the amount of moisture in the air. When relative humidity is high, the dew point is close to the current air temperature. As relative humidity falls, so does the dew point. When water vapor comes into contact with a surface cooler than the dew point and when a condensation nucleus is present, then the water vapor will change into liquid form. Condensation nuclei are particles such as dust, dirt, salt, smoke particles, etc., around which water molecules collect and form water droplets.
Problem/Purpose
The purpose of this multi-day activity is to give students an introductory understanding of water condensation, humidity, dew point, and the water cycle. Students construct water traps outdoors to collect water droplets from the atmosphere. Using results collected over several days, students chart and discuss daily collection amounts as related to daily temperature readings. They learn that Native Americans imitated indigenous animals by collecting drinking water from condensation formed on local plants.
Author
Theresa Murray
Cultural Consultant - Prarie Band Potawatomi
My name is Theresa Murray. I am a Prairie Band Potowatomi Indian from Topeka, Kansas. I am married to Rober D. Murray Jr., an Assiniboine/Sioux Indian. We live in Poplar, MT. the tribal headquarters of the Fort Peck Reservation. We have three children: Isaac a sophomore who is currently attending Fort Peck Community College in Poplar; Jessie, who just graduated high school in Poplar and will be attending college in Missoula this fall; and Bobby, Robert Murray III is a freshman at Poplar High School. I have taught the 5th and 6th grades in Poplar Middle School for the past five years. Before that I worked at For Peck Community College as a Distance Learning Assistant for three years while I was completing my college education. I worked as City Clerk for the City of Poplar for 9 years until I returned to college and started to work as a Tutor under the CSAP program (Center for Substance Abuse and Prevention Program) for 3 1/2 years then I transferred to the high school and worked 1 year there. I worked full time and attended college full to part time while raising my three children. I am currently completing a Technology in the Classroom Master's Program through Lesley College, Cambridge, Massachusetts. I will complete it in the spring of 2004. I am serving my second term on Poplar's City Council. | http://sciencemontana.org/details.asp?ID=33 |
The Assateague Coastal Trust’s mission is to promote and encourage the protection of the health, productivity, and sustainability of the coastal bays watershed of Delmarva through advocacy, conservation, and education.
The Delmarva (Delaware, Maryland & Virginia) coastal area is a fragile, constantly changing ecosystem. Maintaining the health of this ecosystem is critical to preserving the way of life that is unique to the shore.
ACT is committed to protecting our watershed to ensure clean waterways for humans and wildlife, quality public health, and sustainable economic growth now and for future generations. | https://environmentalcareer.com/company/3250/assateague-coastal-trust/ |
Authors: Breanne Lothian, Erin Wolff
Recent amendments to the adoption legislation in Saskatchewan have, among other things, made it easier for birth parents and adult adoptees to access birth registration information. These amendments to The Adoption Regulations, 2003 (Saskatchewan), which are aimed at making adoption information more accessible, took effect January 1, 2017, while other amendments to the adoption framework are expected to come into force later this year.
Access to Birth Registration Information
One of the most significant changes now in force is the removal of the consent requirements for accessing birth registration information, regardless of when the adoption occurred.
Previously, in order for an adult adoptee to find out his or her own birth name and birth parents’ names, the consent of his or her birth parents and adoptive parents was required. Similarly, an adoptee was required to consent to a birth parent’s access to birth registration information. This often resulted in lengthy searches to locate biological parents or children as the sealed records made it difficult for birth parents and adult adoptees to contact each other.
Now, birth registration information, including the name of the birth parents listed on the birth registration, the child’s name at birth and the location of the birth and name of the hospital, will be provided to adult adoptees and birth parents upon request, assuming no veto has been filed.
Who can request birth registration information?
The following individuals may request birth registration information for adoptions that were finalized in Saskatchewan:
- an adult adoptee (18+ years of age);
- a birth parent named on the original birth registration; and
- if the adult adoptee or birth parent is deceased, an adult child of the deceased.
Can birth parents and adoptees opt out?
For adoptions that occurred prior to January 1, 2017, both birth parents and adult adoptees may opt out by submitting a veto which prevents the Ministry of Social Services from releasing any identifying information found on the original birth registration relating to that person.
Vetos cannot be filed for adoptions occurring after January 1, 2017. Moving forward, all adoptions will be subject to the new regulations and birth registration information will be generally available to adult adoptees and birth parents upon request.
Other Recent Amendments
Some other significant changes effective January 1, 2017 to the adoption regulations in Saskatchewan include:
- Contact Preferences – Adult adoptees and birth parents may now file a contact preference, specifying whether they would like to be contacted and, if so, their preferred method of communication. Unlike a veto, a contact preference will not prevent the release of identifying information found on the original birth registration. Contact preferences may be filed by submitting the requisite form to the Post-Adoption Registry at any time, regardless of when the adoption happens.
- Standardized Requirements – The adoption requirements will now apply to all adoptions by Saskatchewan residents, regardless of the child’s country of origin. This is intended to ensure that all adoptions are in the best interests of the child.
For more information, including how to access birth registration information or file a veto or contact preference, visit the Government of Saskatchewan website.
Future Amendments
Further amendments have been proposed to The Adoption Act, 1998 (Saskatchewan), including:
- Child’s Voice in Court – Children seven years of age or older will be provided with the opportunity to have their voice heard in court regarding their wishes and understanding with respect to the adoption process.
- Revocation of Birth Parent Consent – The number of days birth parents are permitted to revoke their consent to an adoption will be increased from 14 days to 21 days after the consent to adoption or transfer of guardianship is signed.
- Compliance Orders – The revised legislation permits the Minister to apply to the court for a compliance order to ensure that the legislation, including any contact preferences, is being complied with.
It is currently anticipated that these proposed amendments will come into force in the spring of 2017.
Note: This article is of a general nature only and is not exhaustive of all possible legal rights or remedies. In addition, laws may change over time and should be interpreted only in the context of particular circumstances such that these materials are not intended to be relied upon or taken as legal advice or opinion. Readers should consult a legal professional for specific advice in any particular situation. | https://www.mltaikins.com/innovation-data-technology/privacy/recent-amendments-make-adoption-records-easier-access-saskatchewan/ |
Ethical issues in a study of Internet use: uncertainty, responsibility, and the spirit of research relationships.
In this article we explore ethical issues arising in a study of home Internet use by low-income families. We consider questions of our responsibility as educational researchers and discuss the ethical implications of some unanticipated consequences of our study. We illustrate ways in which the principles of research ethics for use of human subjects can be ambiguous and possibly inadequate for anticipating potential harm in educational research. In this exploratory research of personal communication technologies, participants experienced changes that were personal and relational. These unanticipated changes in their way of being complicated our research relationships, testing the boundaries of our committment to the principle of trustworthiness and forcing us to reevaluate our responsibilities.
| |
Trusting homeostatic cues versus accepting hedonic cues: A randomized control trial comparing two distinct mindfulness-based intervention components
Authors:
Lindsay M. Martin, Hallie M. Espel-Huynh, Stephanie Marando-Blanck, Brittney C. Evans, Evan Forman, Meghan Butryn, Ruth A. Baer, Ruth Q. Wolever, & James D. Herbert
Abstract:
Objective
Mindfulness-informed cognitive behavioral interventions for obesity are promising. However, results on the efficacy of such treatments are inconsistent which in part may be due to their substantially different methods of practice. This study is the first direct comparison of two theoretically distinct mindfulness-based weight loss approaches: increasing awareness of homeostatic/innate physiological cues versus hedonic/externally-driven cues for eating.
Methods
Overweight adults were randomized to one of three group-based workshops: Mindful Eating (ME; n = 21), Mindful Decision-Making (MD; n = 17), or active standard behavioral control (SC; n = 19). Outcome measures included percent weight change and reduction in caloric intake from baseline to 6 weeks.
Results
Differences in weight loss and calorie reduction did not differ significantly among groups. However, the difference in weight loss between the MD and ME groups trended towards significance, with medium-large effect sizes.
Conclusions
Results provide modest preliminary evidence for the utility of mindful decision-making strategies over mindful eating for short-term weight loss and calorie reduction. | https://contextualscience.org/article/trusting_homeostatic_cues_versus_accepting_hedonic |
In a world where society is constantly stimulated and influenced by the media, it is difficult to establish a steady belief system. However, through all the smog I have been able to develop a belief in which to live by. I believe in the power of thought. Within this belief the theory of cause and effect is most important and should be regarded with the utmost respect. It was with the development of this belief system that the theory of “karma” became a large part of my vocabulary.
Contrary to popular belief, I do not believe that karma is composed of random events that occur by some divine force. What I believe is that if one participates in risky behavior or treat people badly, that you attract bad things to yourself. The concept behind this belief is that people who do dishonest things regularly are driven by the way they think. It is possible that these people have a negative overall view of their lives and all that surrounds them. As a result these individuals reverberate bad energy which, in turn, pulls more bad things to themselves. On the flip side if one thinks positive thoughts about their daily lives and the people around them more positive things will come their way. I believe that defeatist and dishonest thoughts are the difference between people that succeed and are happy and those who are down in the dirt every single day. Having said that, honesty (and honest thoughts) truly is the best policy.
In the past I have found myself sitting at the bar at the end of a work-night counting my money with bad thoughts going through my mind. For a while I would think of how many of my tips were cash and unaccounted for by the system. Could I, potentially, pocket some of those and skip tipping out the bar? It is not as though I would step outside to be immediately greeted by a bolt of lightning from above. Instead, I have decided that by doing people wrong that have worked just as hard as I have, the guilt in the back of my mind could potentially do terrible things to my psyche or break me down mentally. Some may even argue that acting out this thought even once without having to face the immediate effect (punishment) could spark a pattern of doing things similar or worse more often. To reiterate a point I have already made, my belief system is not based on single isolated actions, but instead focuses on the grand scheme of things.
I often extend my beliefs and offer my thoughts to people who feel as though nothing goes their way, or that they have bad luck. I try to explain to them that they need to look at the cause and effect of these situations and what they could be doing to bring these bad things into their own lives. It never ceases to amaze me how many people cannot hold themselves accountable for the things that happen to them. I say; if you don’t like the way that other people treat you, look at what you could do differently to make them respond to you a different way. If you are unhappy with the way the world works, be the change you wish to see.
Donate
If you enjoyed this essay, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to This I Believe, Inc. | https://thisibelieve.org/essay/57695/ |
I just finished reading David Epstein’s The Sports Gene and found it both informative and compelling. At first glance, this tidy little book written by one of Sports Illustrated’s up-and-coming writers is a thoughtful alternative to Malcolm Gladwell’s Outliers and a post-modern, scientific examination of the age-old nature/nurture debate.
Much of the argument Epstein makes suggests that talent and hard work are both necessary in the pursuit of athletic success and that predicting success is as complex now, even with technological advances, as it’s ever been. Indeed, Epstein deliberately points out that the scientific data suggest that one cannot easily use present outcomes as an appropriate measuring stick for future success nor can one extrapolate results based on circumstances, genetic or otherwise.
With respect to the “10,000 Hour Rule,” made popular in Gladwell’s Outliers and discussed here in a previous column, Epstein is not convinced that it holds water. While he acknowledges the fact that deliberate practice, discipline, and focus are essential to success in a wide range of sports, he also cites numerous examples, most notably the infamous lackadaisical training regimen of Jamaican sprinting star Usain Bolt, where the “10,000 Hour Rule” falls short. It’s a compelling position he takes and one that tends to lean toward nature over nurture.
That is, until, what I consider to be the best chapter in the book, “The Talent of Trainability.” In that section, Epstein cites examples as disparate as Jim Ryun, a bunch of undertrained Europeans on stationary bikes, and his own Columbia University track team to lay the groundwork for an argument that genetics play a part not only in the product of our labors but also in our ability to actively and successfully engage in the process. Inasmuch as there are important indicators like Vo2Max and blood volume that can be measured in a lab, there are other, softer metrics, that can be equally, if not more, important. The Talent of Trainability, Epstein suggests, has as much to do with motivation, grit, persistence, response to setbacks, and willingness to take risks as it does to those genetic gifts we envy in the .1% of the population blessed with the abilities of the Bolts, Jornets, and Carpenters.
And that, my friends, is more than enough to get me and my paltry 62 Vo2Max out the door tomorrow to get after it. :)
Bottoms up!
AJW’s Beer of the Week
This week’s Beer of the Week comes from Twin Lakes Brewing in Greenville, Delaware. Their Greenville Pale Ale is a classic American Pale Ale in the Sierra Nevada tradition that is made locally on their 242-acre farm in rural Delaware using sustainable methods and all organic ingredients. Available only in Pennsylvania and Delaware, this is a beer worth seeking out if you’re in the area.
Call for Comments (from Bryon)
- What’s your take on the nature vs. nuture debate in trail running and ultrarunning?
- On the nature side, how important is the Talent of Trainability?
- If you’ve read Epstein’s book, what did you think? | https://www.irunfar.com/2013/08/the-sports-gene.html |
CSI branch of IMRD organized “Spring 2019” EVS Poster Presentation competition for IMCA 1st -Year students on 30th March 2019.
The main objective behind this activity was to aware students with the different environment issues and realized them their responsibilities towards society also to improve their confidence and presentation skills.
In this competition total 18 teams were participated from IMCA 1st year. The Students prepared presentation on various Environment issues like Pollution, Population, environment and human health, Solar Energy, Wind energy, Water conservation, Space Pollution. For this competition we had invited Mrs. Raksha sushir, Mrs. Priyanka Bhandari as judge.
All the posters were judged by Judges on basis of their presentation, content and team coordination etc. After the evaluation best three posters were selected by judges as winners. Ms. Divya Wani , Ms. Kajal Patil and Mr. More Yogeshwar from IMCA 1st year awarded first prize for the topic “Conservation of Biodiversity”. Mr. Mahajan Nitin , Mr . Mali Bhagyesh and Mr. Mali Ajay from dual MCA 1st year won the second prize of the competition for topic “Forest Ecosystem”. The third prize for topic “Space Pollution” was given Ms. Patil Sanjana. The winners of the competition were rewarded with Certificates & medals by the hands of Director Dr. Vaishali Patil and HOD from all departments. The Director of IMRD Dr. Vaishali Patil, HOD of MCA Mr. Manoj Behere, HOD of MBM Dr. Manoj Patel, and HOD of UG Mr. Tushar Patel congratulated to winners and all the participants for their sincere efforts.
Mrs. Priyanka Bhandari judging the posters
Posters and Models Created By I-MCA 1st Year Students.
Mrs. Raksha Sushir judging the posters.
Winners of the event awarded with certificates and medals. | https://rcpimrd.ac.in/spring-2019-environment-science-poster-presentation-competition/ |
posterior portion of heart, both ventricles,
SA and AV nodes
marginal
branches to right ventricle and right atrium
coronary sinus
venous blood flows through the
right atrium
venous blood drains into the
pre-load and afterload
wall tension is determined by what two factors?
demand
supply must equal what?
heart rate from exercise, stress, myocardial contractiltity, and intramyocardial wall tension
determinants of demand
myocardial blood supply
determinants of supply
increase blood flow
the only way to increase oxygen demand is to
afterload
determined by systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance
preload
determined by venous volume
heart rate
cycles per minute
heart rate times stroke volume
how to calculate cardiac output
stroke volume
the amount of blood released with each contraction
contractility
strength of cardiac muscle contraction
cardiac output
the volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 minute
decreased cardiac output
a decreased heart rate or stroke volume=
increased cardiac output
an increased heart rate or stroke volume=
cholesterol and fats
insoluble in water
blood protein
cholesterol and fats become soluble when they combine with
lipoproteins
a combo of cholesterol, fats, and proteins
tissues
lipoproteins transport lipids to and from where
HDLs (good guys)
small dense lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from arteries and carry it to the liver
LDLs (bad guys)
large dense lipoproteins that carry cholesterol to the tissues
VLDL (bad guys)
produced in lipids and composed of triglycerides. Deliver triglycerides to adipose tissue and muscles
triglyceride
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
cholesterol
steroid derivative of lipids
hyperlipidemia
Increased serum cholesterol or
triglycerides
<200mg
desirable level of cholesterol for adults
>240mg
high level of cholesterol
>60mg
desirable level of HDLs
<35mg
risk level for HDLs
<130 mg
desirable level for LDLs
>160 mg
high risk level for LDLs
3-32 mg
desirable level for VLDL
low
total cholesterol should be high or low?
balloon ruptures or remains inflated
problems with a pulmonary arterial catheter
swan ganz
another name for a pulmonary arterial catheter
diet management, exercise, risk factor reduction
first line of therapy
pharmacological therapy
second line of therapy
arteiosclerosis
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of
the arterial walls. Involves the intima, media, or both. The leading cause of death in the US.
atherosclerosis
deposits of fat and fibrin on the vessel walls. The most common cause of CAD
damaged endothelium, fatty streak, fibrous plaque formation, complicated lesion
4 classes of atherosclerosis
damaged endothelium
injury to arterial walls caused by smoking, HTN, and diabetes. Cells become inflamed. Macrophages adhere to injured areas and release
enzymes and oxygen radicals resulting in oxidation of
LDLs. Macrophages engulf the oxidized LDLs (foam cells) and
penetrate the intima lining
fatty streak
an accumulation of foam cells. Cells for a lesion and produce more toxic oxygen radicals resulting in immunologic and inflammatory changes and progressive damage to the vessel wall
fibrous plaque formation
Smooth muscle cells proliferate.
Produce collagen.
Migrate over fatty streaks forming fibrous plaque.
Endotheial cell dysfunction: increased stiffness, necrosis
of vessel tissue, narrowing of lumen, reduce blood flow.
complicated lesion
Ulcerated or rupture of plaque.
Platelet adherence to the legion.
Initiate coagulation.
Rapid thrombus formation.
Complete vessel occlusion: tissue ischemia and
infarction.
risk factors of arteriosclerosis
Men > 45: Woman > 55
Family History
Smoking
Hypertension
High LDL
Diabetes mellitus
cardiac output, blood volume, peripheral vascular resistance, and viscosity (increasing these, increases blood pressure)
factors affecting blood pressure
hypertension
a sustained systolic blood pressure
greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic
blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg
prehypertension
systolic: 120-139
Diastolic:80-89
stage 1 HTN
systolic: 140-159
Diastolic:90-99
stage 2 HTN
systolic:160-179
diastolic:100-109
stage 3 HTN
systolic:180-209
diastolic:110-119
stage 4 HTN
Systolic:>120
diastolic:>120
benign or malignant
two types of primary hypertension
primary HTN
htn without an identifiable casue. A chronic progressive disorder.
benign
HTN is slowly progressive
malignant
rapid acceleration in the course of the HTN disease causing severe organ damage
risk factors of hypertension
Elderly
African Americans
Postmenopausal women
Obesity
Smoking, alcholoism
Gender
High sodium intake, low potassium, calcium,
magnesium intake
diabetes
secondary HTN
an elevation of blood pressure
occurring in response to an identified
primary cause
2 grams
those with HTN should not consume more that how many grams a day
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...
The Cardiovascular System Overview
8 terms
ceardillo32
Hyperlipidemia
58 terms
ceardillo32
Atherosclerosis
11 terms
ceardillo32
N319 Final Random
24 terms
devinaaron94
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE... | https://quizlet.com/42631598/n319-final-exam-flash-cards/ |
This experiment calls into question whether concrete keywords (name clues) provide the best memory cues when used in the face-name mnemonic strategy. Sixty-seven students from Missouri State University were given training on how to use the face-name mnemonic strategy via the Qualtric survey system. Later they were asked to study and memorize 30 face-name pairs. These face-name pairs were presented with either a concrete or abstract keyword that was similar to the name to be learned. Participants later took a test on the face-name pairs. It was found that concrete keywords provided significantly better recall on the face-name pairs. In addition, the Qualtric survey system recorded the latency or response time the participant took on each test item. It was found that participant's response time was significantly longer for items paired with abstract keywords. Also, participant spent significantly more time on items they got wrong. Participants were also administered Operational Span Task (OSPAN) a computerized test that measures working memory abilities. It was found that OSPAN had poor predictive validity in determining how many items each participant would get correct.
Maxwell, Morgan Taylor, "Face-Name Mnemonics: The Effects of Abstract and Concrete Keywords on Recall" (2013). MSU Graduate Theses. 2188. | https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/2188/ |
Attendance:
Surrey
BC
Canada
NEWTON CANADIAN BASEBALL HOMEPAGE
Update 06/02/25
Goldeyes have suspend play for the 2006 season. Reason lack of players wishing to play AAA baseball. See you all in 2007
COACH WHITEY'S MESSAGE
Philosophy in coaching varies among all coaches. Mine is simple, to teach the players that learning can be fun providing they are willing to commit to the program of self-discipline. I believe in hard work at practice. If the work is put into practice, the game will take care of itself. Playing baseball will enable the player to learn maturity, honesty, loyalty, adaptation, compassion, self esteem, respect for authority, sacrifice, humility, and patience. Striving for excellence and more, because the harder and smarter we work together, the harder it is to surrender.
Winning is not always the final result, but it's how the players feel about themselves and their team after competition. | http://www.ballcharts.com/teams/index.php?team=newtongoldeyes |
Whether amounts paid by businesses to shareholder-employees qualify as deductible compensation or should be characterized as distributions or gifts has long been a source of tax controversy, one that often requires a careful analysis of all facts and circumstances to establish the correct characterization of the payments. To appropriately perform this analysis, all companies should maintain supporting documentation for the payments. Compensation for higher-paid employees and executives is especially at risk of IRS scrutiny.
Sec. 162 provides that only ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in carrying on a trade or business are deductible. Regs. Sec. 1.162-7(a) sets forth two requirements for compensation payments to be deductible, stating, "The test of deductibility in the case of compensation payments is whether they are reasonable and are in fact payments purely for services." The amount of compensation may be considered reasonable if it is similar to that paid for like services by like enterprises under like circumstances. Factors in determining similar enterprises would include characteristics such as sales, growth, performance, and value. The amount of the compensation alone is insufficient.
Court cases have held that if the purported compensation is a distribution of profits, it is not compensation but is instead a dividend. However, payment for bona fide servicesrendered to the company should qualify to be classified as compensation. For it to be considered payment for services, one needs to consider multiple factors, such as the employee's qualifications; the employee's duties; the employee's background and experience; the employee's knowledge of the business; the size and complexity of the company; the employee's time devoted to the company; and the company's economic condition, both currently and in prior periods.
Some resources that might be helpful in making a determination include the Willis Towers Watson General Industry Compensation Policies and Practices Survey Report, the Economic Research Institute's compensation analysis services, and the Risk Management Associates Annual Statement Studies, which are all published annually.
Several court decisions may also be pertinent. O.S.C. & Associates, Inc., 187 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 1999), addressed what the court found to be "overwhelming evidence" that the taxpayer's intent was to distribute profits and not to pay compensation for services. For reasonableness of the amount of compensation, see also Owensby & Kritikos, Inc., 819 F.2d 1315 (5th Cir. 1987); Rapco, Inc., 85 F.3d 950 (2d Cir. 1996); and H.W. Johnson, Inc., T.C. Memo. 2016-95. Mayson Manufacturing Co., 178 F.2d 115 (6th Cir. 1949), and Miller & Sons Drywall, Inc., T.C. Memo. 2005-114, described recognized methods using a multifactor approach for determining when compensation is reasonable. Cases that review whether amounts paid represented compensation for services performed prior to the tax year at issue include American Foundry, 59 T.C. 231 (1972), and Perlmutter, 44 T.C. 382 (1965). R.J. Nicoll Co., 59 T.C. 37 (1972), demonstrates that the burden of proving proper compensation is with the taxpayer.
Publicly traded companies often have reference thresholds, compensation committees, transparency in their SEC reporting requirements, Sec. 162(m) requirements regarding annual compensation exceeding $1 million, and other disclosure requirements, all of which can aid in determining the reasonableness of their compensation policies. Privately held companies often do not have as much data regarding compensation available, making compensation issues more vulnerable to controversy.
According to a 2014 internal IRS guide Reasonable Compensation: Job Aid for IRS Valuation Professionals ("Job Aid"), reasonable compensation levels are typically analyzed by the market approach, the income approach, and the cost approach. The market approach is the most commonly used and is generally favored by courts, the Job Aid states.
The facts and circumstances surrounding a payment are key to determining whether any or all of a payment is classified properly as compensation. For closely held companies established as C corporations, the concern is the payment of excessive compensation to shareholder-employees. S corporations, on the other hand, are concerned with the possible underpayment of compensation to their shareholder-employees, which allows the S corporation to avoid payroll and unemployment taxes.
CPAs should consider advising their business clients to hire a valuation analyst. A valuation analyst can analyze the reasonableness of a closely held corporation's compensation of shareholder-employees. Benefits of engaging a valuation analyst include that an independent third-party analysis should provide greater support to the reasonableness of compensation amounts in any IRS examination. Also, an analyst could provide expertise for other, nontax considerations regarding compensation, including owner transition, litigation, and corporate governance. An analyst report would become part of the documentation supporting compensation levels.
Higher and lower compensation amounts are much more difficult to compare when looking at privately held companies. Issues of unreasonably high compensation could arise, for example, when a company pays a family member employee more than the services performed are worth. The business then tries to claim a tax deduction for what should be considered a gift to that family member, potentially creating a secondary gift tax issue. Compensation may also be unreasonably high because it includes amounts that should be dividends to the shareholder-employees. In addition, unreasonably high compensation may be used to increase the amount that can be contributed to shareholder-employee retirement plans, such as SEPs or Keoghs.
Similarly, in the context of S corporations, compensation amounts that appear lower than under comparable circumstances could nonetheless be reasonable if they reflect, for example, an employee's reduced role in retirement or the company's economic constraints. Compensation is likely to be considered unreasonably low, however, if it results from a shareholder-employee's desire to avoid paying higher employment taxes by receiving a relatively low salary but with relatively large distributions. Besides exposing the company to additional payroll taxes, penalties, and interest if the IRS detects it, this tactic could also negatively affect the Social Security earnings of the shareholder-employee for retirement. Other, broader questions could also be in play if compensation is unreasonably low. For example, it could devalue the services provided by an employee, which in turn could negatively impact a future sale of the company, hiring new executives, etc. Unreasonably low compensation could also affect an employee-shareholder's employee health insurance eligibility.
Compensation will continue to be an area of controversy. Whether they are publicly traded or privately held, entities will continue to struggle with the possibility of having to justify their compensation levels. Companies need to properly document all facts, circumstances, and strategies used to reach the compensation levels paid for a given year.
Tax reform alert: Tax reform legislation enacted in December could affect tax provisions
discussed in this item.
This item was prepared with Donna Sauter, CPA, who is a member of the AICPA Tax Practice and Procedures Committee.
Contributors
Valrie Chambers is an associate professor of accounting at Stetson University in Celebration, Fla. Robert M. DiGiantommaso practices in Walpole, Mass. Mr. DiGiantommaso is a member of the AICPA Tax Practice and Procedures Committee. For more information about this column, contact [email protected]. | https://www.thetaxadviser.com/issues/2018/jan/setting-reasonable-compensation.html |
Dreaming of a falling tooth is associated with aspects of your life. This symbol points to feelings of insecurity or vulnerability in relation to a recent event. Maybe you're dealing with a loss. It can be a sudden loss, like an abrupt end to a relationship or job.
It could also be a more gradual process of liberation from old habits of life and the regeneration of conduct. For example, you could have that kind of dream after moving, changing jobs, ending a relationship, or starting a new one. These are very emotionally charged changes that can be expressed when dreaming of a falling tooth.
Tell us more about your dream with falling teeth and help us give you the best interpretation of the entire internet. Access here and answer our research.
Dreams with falling teeth may also be associated with your fear of feeling embarrassed or foolish in any situation. These dreams represent the exaggeration of your worries and anxieties. You may feel that you are not prepared for the task at hand.
However, the falling of the tooth in the dream may be a warning stating that your concerns are unfounded and unnecessary. Generally, what you perform in your mind is much worse than reality. Read on to learn more about what it means to dream about falling teeth.
TEETH FALLING FOR FREUD
For Freud, to dream with falling tooth means the realization of a desire. However, according to Freud, in order to arrive at the origin of the stimuli that formed this dream, much reflection is needed on the last events in the waking life. In this case, the dreamer must perform a particular and meticulous study to arrive at the meaning of this dream.
On the other hand, Freud realized in his study of dreams that dreaming with teeth can be a simple physical stimulus. For example: open-mouth sleep, tooth sensitivity, bruxism, etc. In many of the dreams about the teeth analyzed by Freud he identified that, generally, these were simple stimuli generated by the sleeping body.
However, this is not always the case. In some of the cases analyzed by Freud, he identified that falling teeth represent insecurities and fears of facing life. It was also common to occur in people who had some type of blockage in childhood. In addition, the dream is also common for anyone who has had some kind of trauma in the environment in which they lived.
But Freud was able to deal very well with the psychic problems of his patients. Hence he indicated a simple exercise in resolving such internal conflicts. Such an exercise can also be very useful for you, it is like this: Once you wake up you should focus only on what you are doing, without sticking to any outside thoughts or thoughts. If external thinking arises, just ignore and continue with the exercise.
TEETH FALLING FOR CARL JUNG
For Jung, one of the most influential psychologists and dream analysts of the twentieth century, seeing teeth falling into a dream symbolizes giving birth to something new. According to him, this is especially relevant if the dreamer is a woman. But symbolism can also be applied to man.
To dream about falling tooth reflects the process of tension and sometimes painful, that comes with the beginning of something new. Be it a project, personal resolution, decision or responsibility.
For Jung, falling teeth represent renewal and rebirth.
Generally, it connects to the emotions you are experiencing at the moment you are going through major changes in your life, such as changing jobs, home, ending or starting a relationship or simply going through a period of significant personal growth. In any case, it may seem like you're putting an end to some situation and starting something new.
CLASSICAL INTERPRETATION FOR TEETH FALLING
According to classical interpretation, teeth that fall into dreams are considered symbols of castration and fear. Such dreams may relate to anxiety about sexuality or sexual intercourse with a partner.
In addition to the sexual and psychoanalytic, this symbol can be interpreted as representing the fear of being deprived of its personal power. It is common for this dream to be related to the idea of impotence, aggression and concern for its safety.
Anyway, the intensity of the pain or the horror that you feel while you are dreaming is proportional to the fear and insecurity that you are feeling in your waking life. | https://hubpages.com/religion-philosophy/Meaning-of-Dreaming-with-tooth-falling |
Elly understands that working with infinite decimal fractions is going to be very difficult, so she first wants to find a good way to approximate floating point numbers with decimal representations that are finite. Your task is to help her in this mission. You will be given a String number containing the decimal representation of a non-negative fraction strictly less than 1. There will be exactly 6 digits after the decimal point in number (trailing zeros are possible and significant). More precisely, number will be formatted "0.dddddd" (quotes for clarity) where each d is a decimal digit ('0'-'9').
Given a fraction F = A/B, where 0 <= A < B, its quality of approximation with respect to number is calculated as follows: | http://topcoder.bgcoder.com/print.php?id=2716 |
Where should important content be placed?
What is the typical explorative pattern?
Do users understand the architecture of the website?
What parts of the interface do users miss?
How much time is required to earn relevant information?
Which features are seen the most?
Which part is seen in the beginning?
How much time is spent on each part?
What is looked but not clicked on? | http://www.insightstudio.info/2-uncategorised/43-eyetracking |
This book is intended to demonstrate and analyse the persistent inequalities in the education system in England and Wales. Schools and the education system more widely have been systematically restructured in the last quarter of a century by both Conservative governments (1979-1997) and New Labour governments (1997-). These policies have had a major impact on inequalities in society.
Chapter 1, by Dave Hill, sets out the various types of education (and wider) policies pursued by different types of government in Britain. That chapter examines the main characteristics of different ideologies underlying the education policies, and also looks at the effects of (for example) socialist/Marxist ideas, social democratic ideas, Conservative (neo-liberal and neo-conservative) ideas and New Labour ideas and policies on equality of opportunity and equality. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the ideology informing New Labour in government.
Chapter 2 locates the policy developments discussed in Chapter 1 within the wider policy context of neo-liberalism, which emphasises privatisation and competitive markets in education and in social and welfare policy more generally. Neo-liberalism is also identified as a global phenomenon- similar restructuring of schooling and education has taken place across the globe. The chapter proceeds to examine the effects of neo-liberal policies in increasing inequalities in Britain and in other states. The chapter concludes by making a number of trenchant criticisms of neo-liberalism, for example in the work of the British neo-liberal propagandist James Tooley. It concludes the wide-ranging critique of neo-liberalism by looking forward to critical transformative education for equality.
In Chapter 3, Kenneth Dunkwu looks at the role of research in the quest for equal opportunities and equality. He uncovers the uses and misuses of educational research for political purposes, discusses research into the effects of `league tables' and market forces in education policy, and considers a political role for educational research in the achievement of social justice, and for what he terms `diversity without disempowerment'. Dunkwu examines significant post-war examples - such as the assimilationist approaches to the children of immigrant communities during the 1950s and 1960s, the Education Reform Act of 1988, aspects of the contemporary National Curriculum and the re-organisation of research. He uses these to illustrate the limits imposed on egalitarianism by legislation for education that carries with it social and economic forms of discrimination
Chapter 4, by Leena Helevaara Robertson and Rachel Hill consider the inequalities suffered by `the excluded' within the education system. The chapter listens to the voices of the excluded and places these voices- from Pahari/Mirpuri speaking early years children in Watford to white working class teenagers in North- East England and in East Lothian, within the broader family, cultural and policy contexts. The chapter identifies different types of exclusion- from physical exclusion from school, to self-exclusion from school, to wider social exclusion. It draws distinctions between the more inclusive Early Years curriculum in England and Wales and the more exclusive 5-16 National Curriculum.
Chapter 5, by Dave Hill, analyses how the subject curriculum and the hidden curriculum serve to exclude particular social types /groups of children and to reproduce and confirm inequalities in education and society. The chapter makes use of principles derived from Althusser and Bourdieu. These concepts, of schools as ideological state apparatuses, and of cultural capital, are used to analyse curriculum knowledge that has been selected, and cultural behaviours privileged and rewarded through both the formal and the hidden curricula. The chapter also identifies the mixture of gains and losses created by the National Curriculum in terms of educational equality regarding 'race', gender, special needs, sexual diversity and social class.
In Chapter 6, Chris Gaine discusses the historical development, strengths and weaknesses of equal opportunities policies in LEAs and in schools. He focuses on how to embed and secure effective equal opportunities policies in the face of various types of resistance to them. He therefore focuses on the management of change- on the support systems in schools (the processes and personnel) that are required, if the policy is to be implemented thoroughly and completely. The chapter thereby maps the crucial areas where policy has failed to effect change in the past and where it can succeed in the future, particularly in relation to equality. Chris Gaine points out that ` Policies legitimate certain concerns, provide resources to further them, and provide a basis for evaluation and refinement'.
The next five chapters in the book highlight particular inequalities within the education system- within schools, the wider education system and within society. In Chapter 7, Dave Hill and Mike Cole examine social class; in Chapter 8, `Race' Tim Waller, Dave Hill and Mike Cole look at `race'; Kate Hirom deals with gender in Chapter 9; Chapter 10, by Iain Williamson looks at sexuality, and Chapter 11, by Richard Rose, examines special educational needs.
Each of these five chapters sets out factual evidence regarding equality in education and in society, regarding those inequalities and regarding recent trends. The various chapter writers also evaluate various explanations of the inequalities particular to social class, `race', gender, sexuality and disability. The extent of the persistent discrimination against particular groups of young people in schools may surprise some readers. Each chapter defines key concepts regarding `social class, or `race' or gender or sexuality or special educational needs. The chapter writers regard `nomenclature'- what we call people- as important. Each chapter also has a policy element- and examines in detail how various government policies on schools and education have affected particular groups- and how these education policies relate to wider areas of government policy and ideology
In Chapter 12, Kevin Myers and Ian Grosvenor address the question of why prejudice against ostracised groups- such as immigrants and asylum seekers still exists in our society. Myers and Grosvenor use an historical perspective to chart a 'chronology of exclusion' in the political rhetoric, education policy and practical treatment of 'outsider' children and their communities in Britain, throughout the 20th century - for Jewish children in the 1930s through to the children of refugees and asylum-seekers in 2000. Foreshadowing some of the conclusions of the book, they also highlight the tradition of resistance to social, political and cultural alienation, most notably in the development of positive and progressive education systems.
Contributors
Mike Cole is senior lecturer in education, and research and publications mentor in the School of Education at the University of Brighton. He has written extensively on equality issues; in particular, equality and education. In more recent years he has engaged in critiques of postmodernism, globalisation and education. With Dave Hill he co-founded the Hillcole Group of Radical Left Educators in England. He edited Bowles and Gintis revisited (Falmer Press 1988), Education for Equality (Routledge 1989), and The Social Contexts of Schooling (Falmer Press 1989). His most recent publications include the co-written (with the Hillcole Group), Rethinking Education and Democracy (Tufnell Press 1997) and the edited collections, Promoting Equality in Primary Schools) (Cassell 1997), Promoting Equality in Secondary Schools (Cassell 1999), Professional Issues for Teachers and Student Teachers (David Fulton 1999), Migrant Labour in the European Union (Berg 1999), and Education, Equality and Human Rights; Issues of Gender, `Race', Sexuality, Special Needs and Social Class, (Routledge/Falmer 2000). With Dave Hill, Peter Mclaren and Glenn Rikowski he wrote Red Chalk: on Schooling, Capitalism and Politics (Institute for Education Policy Studies 2001).
Kenneth Dunkwu is Education and Cultural Development Co-ordinator, BUILD Nottingham Mentor Programme, Nottingham. His M.Phil is from Nottingham Trent University and his PhD. from Manchester University on `Attitudes and Perceptions of pupils towards school exclusion'. Kenneth has published on this in D. Simms and V. Showumni (eds) Teachers for the Future, (Trentham Books 1995). He has participated in a number of research projects. These include `Recruitment Barriers for Black Teachers' a HEFCE funded project, and `Overseas Qualifications of Black and Ethnic Minority Groups in Manchester', for the Progress Trust. He is currently researching Principles for Education and Social Justice for the British Educational Research association Social Justice special interest group for publication in the British Journal of Education Research.
Chris Gaine is Reader in the Sociology of Education at University College Chichester, where he was, for some years, responsible for 'equalities' courses in initial teacher education. Formerly he was Head of Humanities in a Wiltshire comprehensive. He has written extensively on 'race' and education, in particular No Problem Here (Hutchinson, 1991), Still No Problem Here (Trentham, 1995) and (with Rosalyn George) Gender, 'Race' and Class in Schooling (Falmer, 1999), with forhcoming chapters in books in Italian and German. He was also one of the group which produced the Runnymede Trust's Equality Assurance (Trentham, 1993), and Longman's Training for Equality (1993). He wrote the anti-racist website www.britkid.org.
Ian Grosvenor lectures in the School of Education, University of Birmingham. He was previously Head of History at Newman College and Educational Research Co-ordinator at University College Northampton. He has taught in primary, secondary and special schools, worked on Local Authority anti-racist initiatives, and worked in Equal Opportunities Programmes. He has published articles on the teaching of History, the writing of History, post 1945 British Education Policy. He is the author of Assimilating Identities: Racism and Education Policy in Post 1945 Britain (Lawrence and Wishart, 1997), edited An Introduction to the Study of Education (David Fulton, 1999) with David Matheson and edited Silences and Images: the Social History of the Classroom (Peter Lang, 1999) with Martin Lawn and Kate Rousmaniere. His current research interests include nineteenth and twentieth century urban education and children and the dynamics of social exclusion.
Dave Hill teaches at University College Northampton having also taught at at Chichester Institute of Higher Education and at Tower Hamlets College and Stockwell Manor School in inner London. He is a former Labour Parliamentary candidate (in 1979 and 1987), former Labour Group Leader on East Sussex County Council, and Regional higher education Chair of NATFHE, the lecturers' Union. Formerly he was a building worker. He has advised the Labour Party on teacher education from a radical Left perspective, With Mike Cole, in 1989, he co-founded the Hillcole Group of Radical Left Educators. He has written a number of Hillcole Group booklets on Teacher Education, co-wrote Practical Ideas for Multicultural Learning and Teaching in the Primary Classroom with Ruth Hessari (Routledge 1989), has co-written the two Hillcole Group books Changing the Future: Redprint for Education (Tufnell Press 1991) and Rethinking Education and Democracy (Tufnell Press 1997), has co-edited Promoting Equality in Primary Schools and Promoting Equality in Secondary Schools (Cassell 1997; 1999) and Postmodernism and Education: Towards a politics of Human Resistance (Tufnell Press 1999). He is editing Education, Education Education: Capitalism, Socialism and `the Third Way' (forthcoming), and co-wrote Red Chalk: on Schooling, Capitalism and Politics (2001), with Mike Cole, Peter McLaren and Glenn Rikowski. He directs the Institute for Education Policy Studies, an independent Radical Left education institute.
Rachel Hill was formerly a Maths teacher at a comprehensive school in the North-East of England is now an Educational Psychologist.
Kate Hirom has taught in schools in the London area for over twenty years and has also been an associate lecturer with the Open University. She is now English Co-ordinator in the School of Education at University College Northampton and also teaches and researches in the field of discourse analysis.
Kevin Myers teaches British social history and the history of education at the University of Birmingham, Westhill. His recently completed doctoral thesis examines the settlement and education of refugee children in Britain between 1937 and 1945 and he has published numerous articles in this area. A member of the History of Education Society Committee, he is currently working on aspects of refugee schooling in 20th century Britain.
Leena Robertson teaches at University College Northampton, on English specialism and Professional English teacher education courses and on Early Childhood Studies courses. She was formerly an early years teacher in multi-ethnic schools in Watford, and specialises and researches into bilingual and bicultural education, the strengths bilingual children bring to their learning, and the ways in which their community/home experience is excluded from the school curriculum, for example through the Literacy Hour. She is involved in a number of national research projects on Home Literacy, bilingual children's emergent literacy, and community learning experiences. She guest lectures and advises on these, and on multiculturalism and education, in Finland, with education authorities and in higher education. She is Finnish and bilingual/ bicultural herself and was involved in organising Finnish/English bilingual education provision in England.
Richard Rose is Head of the Centre for Special Needs Education and Research (CeSNER) at University College Northampton. He has previously worked as a teacher, head teacher and LEA inspector in several parts of the UK. He has published widely in the field of special education and has presented papers at several national and international conferences. He is research editor for the British Journal of Special Education. His most recent book, Promoting Inclusive Practice, written in collaboration with Christina Tilstone and Lani Florian and published by Routledge, won the NASEN/TES Academic Book of the Year Award for 1999. Richard's research interests are in the areas of inclusive education, pupil involvement in their own assessment and learning procedures and children's rights.
Tim Waller is Senior Lecturer in Education at University College Northampton where he has a responsibility for professional studies. His contribution to this book is dedicated to the students and staff at John Lea Comprehensive School, Wellingborough whose unnecessary and unwelcome closure, he feels, is a sad indictment of both Conservative and Labour education policy. He specialises in issues of equality and in its implications for Information Technology.
Iain Williamson is Lecturer in Psychology at University College Northampton. Formerly he taught Sociology and Psychology in further education for eight years and was formerly Head of Psychology at Oldham VI Form College. He is currently carrying out research into eating disturbance among gay men and the educational experience of young offenders.
Review by Helen Raduntz
(University of South Australia)
In a series of accessibly written sketches this book makes an important contribution towards a critical understanding of the political dynamics associated with the persistence of inequality in education under a regime of quite radical government educational policy changes since the 1970s. While the book draws on the British experience its analyses will resonate in other English-speaking countries.
The issue of inequality is one which strikes at the heart of what education in a modern society ought to be about and its cause and persistence for education practitioners need explanation especially in the current crisis of education restructuring.
The strength of the book lies in its attempt to fulfil this need through a critical methodology which clarifies the concepts involved, presents the fact of inequality as it occurs in some of its various forms and offers a way forward towards a positive and progressive education based on the principles of equality. These three aspects structure the book's content as well as the individual chapters. They are, as it were, the guiding thread throughout the book.
With policy as its focus Part I takes the reader through the ideologies that have shaped and are shaping government education policy; through some of the ways in which inequality is maintained; and through some of the strategies for promoting equality in education. Part II presents the facts of inequality, a reality check so to speak, in those areas in which inequality is manifested in a major way.
In detail: Chapter 1 by Dave Hill introduces those ideologies and their underlying principles, namely social democracy, liberal progressivism, radical Left and Right, neo liberalism and neo conservatism, which have been influential in the formulation of education policy and debate in Britain since 1945. He concludes the chapter with a critique of the New Labour government's policies and by way of contrast provides a summary of a radical left framework for education and equality.
In Chapter 2 Hill situates the issue of equality and inequality in schools and the education system in the broader context of economic rationalism, globalisation and the world-wide restructuring of education and schooling. He examines the theoretical assumptions of economic rationalism and the effects of this ideology in education and society. Finally, Hill identifies three factors, infrastructural conditions, consumer related regulation and legitimation, which tend to limit economic rationalism's activities.
In Chapter 3 Kenneth Dunkwu discusses the concepts of pluralism, relativism and cultural 'assimilation' which have also influenced government policy-making. He summarises the impact on education policy of political and economic developments during the 1970s and 1980s; and finally focuses on research, its use and abuse in education and the significant role it can play in developing education policy and practice for equality.
In Chapter 4 Leena Helevaara Robertson and Rachel Hill report on a small-scale research project which identifies types of exclusion as experienced and understood by students within the school and in the wider social context. They outline the ways in which exclusion occurs in schools and explore children's perspectives of the exclusion process in an attempt to identify those characteristics which make children more 'at risk' of exclusion than others. Of particular interest is their critique of the literacy hour program in relation to inclusion and bilingual children.
In Chapter 5 Dave Hill examines the political nature of the construction of the National Curriculum with reference to how the formal and hidden curricula impact on equality in schooling. In this task Hill draws on the work of Althusser and Bourdieu. The National Curriculum, he concludes, constitutes the imposition of ruling class knowledge and its enforcement is ensured through legislative and statutory regulations. Hill sees his analysis as contributing to the critical development of radical strategies for resistance and for alternative egalitarian processes in a contentious and contested area of education.
In Chapter 6 Chris Gaine considers the processes and factors in the management, practicalities and success of change. It is important in his view for equality activists who are not primarily concerned with this side of change to understand, analyse and encourage egalitarian change in schools and classrooms.
Each of the next five chapters sets out factual evidence and recent trends concerning equality in education and in society, and the authors evaluate the various explanations for the inequalities. In Chapter 7, Dave Hill and Mike Cole examine social class: in Chapter 8, Tim Waller, Dave Hill and Mike Cole study 'race'; Kate Hirom focuses on gender in Chapter 9; in Chapter 10 Iain Williamson looks at sexuality; while Richard Rose, in Chapter 11, examines special education needs.
While most of the contributors include some historical data in their essays as befits a critical approach Kevin Myers and Ian Grosvenor in Chapter 12 adopt a historical framework as the basis of their analysis in order to find an explanation for the persistence of prejudice against ostracised groups. For Myers and Grosvenor tracing the history of settlement and education in Britain of children of refugee and asylum seekers not only provides a way of understanding the contemporary experience of exclusion of refugee children but also reveals instances and examples of resistance to intolerance and racism. Their conclusion is that a critical reading of history offers not just a means of understanding the past but concrete examples of how to organise change for the future.
In the Conclusion of the book Mike Cole cites Richard Johnson's 1979 book 'Really useful knowledge' in which Johnson identifies four aspects from the popular 'radical education' tradition in the period 1790-1848 which Cole claims have considerable relevance today as a guide for future radical action for equality in education.
This book is recommended not only to a general education readership but also to researchers at any level of education as a reference text. It offers a wealth of material and bibliographical detail making it a good starting point. It would also be a boon to teacher educators and student teachers alike as an introductory text.
In my view, however, one of the main appeals of the book lies in its demonstration of the method of critique. In this regard, although the method is undeveloped and the structuring of the material somewhat forced at times resulting in a series of what appears to be unconnected parts, the book is something of a landmark in the development of a contemporary Marxian critique. The initiative is important if we are to understand why capitalism thrives and survives on inequality and how this state of affairs might be changed. | http://ieps.org.uk/publications/schooling-and-equality-fact-concept-and-policy/ |
Specific Challenge: Recent advances in the collection and exploitation of large data sets open the possibility for major industrial and social innovations. The European Open Science Cloud initiative aims to maximise the incentives for sharing data and to increase the capacity to exploit them, to ensure that data can be used as widely as possible.
Increasing aspects of research in the transition to a low-carbon energy system in Europe rely on the collection, analysis and processing of large data sets. Insights, information and knowledge are increasingly extracted from data sets in individual sectors and in the combination of data from different sectors.
The challenge is to promote the opening of research databases for low-carbon energy in Europe, and to support a European-level approach to defining the development of future research data bases; this action focuses on the area of low-carbon energy. As the energy transition combines different scientific disciplines, particular attention has to be paid to agreed metadata in order to allow for the joint exploitation of data from these disciplines.
Scope: Proposals will develop together with energy research communities several of the items below:
•Development and use of data management practices that follow findable, accessible, interoperable, re-usable (FAIR) principles, and to the validation of data quality measures;
•Coordination of existing data repositories and databases, including those from SETIS and from the IEA;
•Access to tools to manage energy data with FAIR principles; promotion of open source access of such tools;
•Access to analytics to exploit energy data; promotion of open source access of such tools;
•Capacity building of data experts for the domain of low-carbon energy research;
•New research topics based on the analysis of large data sets in the energy domain;
•Trans-disciplinary research combining data from different domains and at different scales;
•Development of partnerships with industry to promote the opening of large datasets of interest to foster research into future technologies and services.
A broad coverage of the issues mentioned above is encouraged.
Recommendations that will be produced by the ongoing study on "Opportunities and barriers for opening of research databases in low-carbon energy research" should be taken into account .
Proposals should also follow developments of the European Open Science Cloud initiative, and plan to cooperate with and complement this activity.
The Commission considers that proposals requesting a contribution from the EU of between EUR 0.5 and 1 million would allow this specific challenge to be addressed appropriately. Nonetheless, this does not preclude submission and selection of proposals requesting other amounts.
Expected Impact:
•Increasing/extending/widening the use of low-carbon energy research databases, particularly those from publicly financed R&I projects.
•Development of a critical mass of open research databases in Europe, and of researchers equipped with the know-how for the deployment, maintenance and exploitation of these.
•Easy and open access to these databases and to tools for their elaboration and exploitation, leading to increased efficiency of research investments.
•Strengthening of data-intensive research on low-carbon energy in Europe;
•Strengthening the development of industrial applications of data-intensive processes.
Type of Action: Coordination and support action
Specific Challenge: The challenge is the design, development and validation of cost-effective Wave energy convertors that can survive in a harsh and unpredictable ocean environment as the ocean through demand-driven Pre-Commercial Procurement. The challenge is open to proposals seeking to steer wave energy research and development in an effective way at a European level establishing convergence of wave energy technologies and to bring these technologies to the market.
Scope: In the past years, Member States and the European Commission have been working closely together to use their public resources via previous Ocean ERA-NET Cofund actions but like to reinforce their cooperation to address the challenge through a different funding instrument. In this European PCP action it is the aim to elevate experience with national public procurement approaches at a European level to bring European Wave Energy Research and Development more efficiently into the direction of commercialization.
The proposed action is to be structured along the following phases:
Preparation phase: The participating users/buyers of R&D service should agree on common performance levels and associated specifications for the wave energy systems. The action should introduce the ocean energy phase gate procedure on a European level.
They will plan the research and the design of actions covering a broad variety of issues. The PCP will consist of several building blocks addressing different sub-challenges. The funding of the participating programme owners (national and/or regional) and the European Union will be used for different stages in the wave energy technology development. The results of phase 1 should lead to calls for tenders (for the procurement of R&D services) which focus on clearly identified technologies which contribute to the development of commercial wave energy devices. The procurement should be also open for developers, researcher organisations which are not located in the participating countries/regions.
The expected outcomes at this stage: 1) completed tender documents, 2) signed joint procurement agreement confirming the collaboration modus including the financial commitment of the buyers group and 3) final confirmation of the lead procurer.
Execution stage: The action will take care for the implementation of the Pre-Commercial Procurement and of the PCP contracts. The results will be shared within the European industry to accelerate technology development and the establishment of guidelines and standards to facilitate the transferability of the knowledge creation. The research and specification work should lead to at least 3 prototypes tested in an environment close to expected performance. At the end of the action at least one of the prototypes should be ready for testing in an operational environment at commercial scale.
Proposals have to describe the jointly identified challenge, indicating how it fits into their mid-to-long term innovation plans, why solutions currently available on the market or under development are not meeting their needs. Activities have to include: (1) networking related to preparation, management and coordination and (2) joint research activities related to the validation of PCP strategy.
The consortium should have at least three legal entities established in different member states or H2020 associated countries. In the consortium the participation of minimum two 'public procurers' is required. Other entities might be considered which can have a clear added value in the preparation and/or execution of the PCP or in coordination and networking activities.
Please see part E of the General Annexes for the specific proposal requirements for PCP actions.
The Commission considers that PCP proposals requesting a contribution from the EU of between 15 and 20 million would allow this area to be addressed appropriately. Nonetheless, this does not preclude submission a selection of proposals requesting other amounts.
Expected Impact:
•Convergence of wave energy technologies, acceleration of technology development, proof-of-concept and validation of wave energy technology for the benefit of the wave energy sector and as such improved knowledge transfer.
•Pool resources at national and EU levels dedicated to Research and Development and provide effectively a significant developmental boost of wave energy technology.
•More effective use of public resources for Research and Demonstration.
Type of Action: Pre-Commercial Procurement
Specific Challenge: Providing sustainable and affordable energy to sub-Saharan Africa is critical to the development of a region that accounts for 13% of the world’s population, but only 4% of its energy demand. Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy resources are more than sufficient to meet its demands, but they are unevenly distributed and under-developed (IEA, 2014).
Building local capacities and promoting research, including applied research, are recognized to be essential pillars in the development of sustainable energy in Africa. Africa-EU research cooperation in this area can contribute substantially to further technology take-up in the region. It can also strengthen the market position of involved European institutions through increased knowledge and competitive capacity.
Several initiatives in the past decade have launched support projects aiming to promote research addressing African energy challenges. The participation of African researchers in related calls has however remained limited. African scientists and researchers in general are underrepresented in the international arena: there are only few scientific publications or patent applications related to renewable energy, and limited participation in international conferences. In addition to the limited exposure the international scientific community, limited research capacities both in the sense of human capital and financial resources hinder better representation of African researchers in abovementioned funding schemes.
Following the EU commitments under the Paris Agreement, Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development and Cotonou Agreement, research and innovation cooperation in the field of renewable energy generation technologies between EU and Africa needs to be strengthened and further developed. Coordination of the existing bilateral activities between European and African countries is advisable. The challenge is bringing together the national funding agencies of EU member states and African states interested in developing joint research activities between the two continents to create synergies and to push forward common research and innovation cooperation in the field of renewable energy production and use.
Scope: The proposal will implement the common strategic joint research and innovation programme on renewable energy technology developed in the preparatory phase, topic LC-SC3-JA-2-2018, to adapt renewable energy technologies to the African environmental, social and economic conditions through joint research efforts.
The range of activities can include research projects, demonstration projects, technology transfer projects, and exchange of researchers between European and African actors. The activities will also create synergies with existing development programmes.
Expected Impact: The expected impacts are firstly the creation of long lasting research and development cooperation between European and African stakeholders through common understanding and trust, secondly the development of vibrant research and industrial frameworks and thirdly the development of renewable energy. | https://gppq.fct.pt/h2020/call.php?id=H2020-LC-SC3-CC-JA-2019-Single_stage |
Non-modular pre-requisites:
Co-requisites:
Modules excluded: PY2CN Cognition or PY2NS Neuroscience or PY2CN1 Cognition 1 or PY2NS1 Neuroscience 1
Module version for: 2017/8
Email: [email protected]
Summary module description:
Cognition and Neuroscience for Study Abroad students
Aims:
Students should gain an understanding of theory and research into human memory including the different forms of memory (e.g., working memory, long-term memory, episodic, semantic, procedural and prospective memory) from a normal adult perspective. Students will also be introduced to topics such as psychopharmacology and reward and learning. Neuroscience methods such as brain imaging, neural mechanisms etc. will be discussed with reference to recent research.
Assessable learning outcomes:
By the end of the module students will be able to:
Additional outcomes:
Outline content:
Topics covered in the module will be selected from a list such as:
Brief description of teaching and learning methods:
All contact hour arrangements are in accordance with the standard arrangements at the Host University
Other information on summative assessment:
This module is assessed by a combination of weekly set exercises (15%), two end-of-term MCQ tests (each 17.5%), and two pieces of coursework (each 25%).
Students will answer weekly Continuous Assessment Questions (CAQs) designed to assess an advanced understanding of the material covered weekly.
Students will write two essays, based on material introduced in seminars. One will cover cognitive psychology, and the other neuroscience.
Students will sit two end-of-term multiple-choice in-class tests, one covering cognitive psychology, and the other neuroscience.
Formative assessment methods:
Penalties for late submission:The Module Convenor will apply the following penalties for work submitted late, in accordance with the University policy.
Length of examination:
Requirements for a pass:
40%
Reassessment arrangements:
Examination in August / September
Additional Costs (specified where applicable): | http://www.reading.ac.uk/module/document.aspx?modP=PY2CNS1&modYR=1718 |
Subsets and Splits