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W2168454930
|
Operational optimisation of a tidal barrage across the Mersey estuary using 0-D modelling
|
With the operational lifetime of a tidal barrage stretching up to 120 years, it is important to be able to change the level of energy generation with varying trends in energy demand. Unlike other technologies, the energy generation level and sequence of a tidal barrage can be significantly altered without any physical change to the barrage by varying only the operational parameters. In order to explore this, a computational model which calculates the energy generation for a barrage across the Mersey estuary was developed. The model uses cutting edge double regulated turbine technology and bathymetric data and explores how this can be achieved without changing the physical parameters of the barrage. The derived results were compared to previous studies and found to match and exceed the results of past predictions.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1093/nar/gku873
|
The PXDLS linear motif regulates circadian rhythmicity through protein-protein interactions
|
The circadian core clock circuitry relies on interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops that largely count on multiple protein interactions. The molecularmechanisms implicated in the assembly of these protein complexes are relatively unknown. Our bioinformatics analysis of short linear motifs, implicated in protein interactions, reveals an enrichment of the Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser (PXDLS) motif within circadian transcripts. We show that the PXDLS motif can bind to BMAL1/CLOCK and disrupt circadian oscillations in a cell-autonomous manner. Remarkably, the motif is evolutionary conserved in the core clock protein REV-ERBα, and additional proteins implicated in the clock's function (NRIP1, CBP). In this conjuncture, we uncover a novel cross talk between the two principal core clock feedback loops and show that BMAL/CLOCK and REV-ERBα interact and that the PXDLS motif of REV-ERBα participates in their binding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the PXDLS motifs of NRIP1 and CBP are involved in circadian rhythmicity. Our findings suggest that the PXDLS motif plays an important role in circadian rhythmicity through regulation of protein interactions within the clock circuitry and that short linear motifs can be employed to modulate circadian oscillations.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1039/C6SC05624E
|
Comparison Of Structural Dynamics And Coherence Of D D And Mlct Light Induced Spin State Trapping
|
Light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) in FeII spin-crossover systems is a process that involves the switching of molecules from low (LS, S = 0) to high spin (HS, S = 2) states. The direct LS-to-HS conversion is forbidden by selection rules, and LIESST involves intermediate states such as 1,3MLCT or 1,3T. The intersystem crossing sequence results in an HS state, structurally trapped by metal–ligand bond elongation through the coherent activation and damping of molecular breathing. The ultrafast dynamics of this process has been investigated in FeN6 ligand field systems, under MLCT excitation. Herein, we studied LIESST in an FeIIN4O2 spin-crossover material of lower symmetry, which allowed for quite intense and low-energy shifted d–d bands. By combining ab initio DFT and TD-DFT calculations and fs optical absorption measurements, we demonstrated that shorter intermediates enhanced coherent structural dynamics, and d–d excitation induced faster LS-to-HS switching, compared to MLCT.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2164-16.2017
|
Neuronal Chloride Regulation Via Kcc2 Is Modulated Through A Gabab Receptor Protein Complex
|
GABAB receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate inhibitory synaptic actions through a series of downstream target proteins. It is increasingly appreciated that the GABAB receptor forms part of larger signaling complexes, which enable the receptor to mediate multiple different effects within neurons. Here we report that GABAB receptors can physically associate with the potassium-chloride cotransporter protein, KCC2, which sets the driving force for the chloride-permeable ionotropic GABAA receptor in mature neurons. Using biochemical, molecular, and functional studies in rodent hippocampus, we show that activation of GABAB receptors results in a decrease in KCC2 function, which is associated with a reduction in the protein at the cell surface. These findings reveal a novel “crosstalk” between the GABA receptor systems, which can be recruited under conditions of high GABA release and which could be important for the regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by ionotropic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and metabotropic GABAB receptors (GABABRs). To fully appreciate the function and regulation of these neurotransmitter receptors, we must understand their interactions with other proteins. We describe a novel association between the GABABR and the potassium-chloride cotransporter protein, KCC2. This association is significant because KCC2 sets the intracellular chloride concentration found in mature neurons and thereby establishes the driving force for the chloride-permeable GABAAR. We demonstrate that GABABR activation can regulate KCC2 at the cell surface in a manner that alters intracellular chloride and the reversal potential for the GABAAR. Our data therefore support an additional mechanism by which GABABRs are able to modulate fast synaptic inhibition.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W2890729212
|
Slotted ALOHA for Wireless Powered Communication Networks
|
Centralized controls in wireless-powered communication networks (WPCNs) induce considerable overhead for channel estimation and high complexity for optimization, as the number of wireless devices (WDs) increases. To tackle this problem, we apply slotted ALOHA protocol to WPCNs and design a slotted ALOHA-based energy-harvesting medium access control protocol. In this protocol, the WD randomly selects one of the given random access (RA) slots and continuously harvests the energy from the hybrid access point (HAP) until it has access. We analyze the average channel throughput and obtain the optimal number of RA slots allocated ( $m^{*}$ ) to maximize it. Thereafter, we present a prioritized access control to alleviate the doubly near-far problem in the WPCN. Considering the near and far WDs from the HAP, we assign the far WDs a high priority and make them access at the later part of the frame in order to allow them to have a longer energy harvesting time than the near WDs. In terms of Jain’s fairness index, we obtain the optimal ratio of RA slots allocated for the low- and high-priority WDs ( $\alpha ^{*}$ ) to maximize the fairness. Through an asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment with a sufficient number of accessing WDs, it is shown that there are unique $m^{*}$ and $\alpha ^{*}$ that maximize the channel throughput and user fairness, respectively, and both depend only on the average of the minimum SNRs of the WDs without the knowledge of full channel state information.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
Q4939725
|
(6439.12122014.079000111) VIGOR – UNTERSTÜTZUNG DES ORGANISATORISCHEN WANDELS UND DER INNOVATION DES ANGEBOTS FÜR DIE NIVI-GRUPPE
|
VOR DEM HINTERGRUND DER OBIGEN ABSCHNITTE IN BEZUG AUF DEN GESCHÄFTS- UND MARKTKONTEXT HAT SICH DIE NIVI-GRUPPE ENTSCHIEDEN, DIE BERATUNGSUNTERSTÜTZUNG IN ANSPRUCH ZU NEHMEN, DIE ES IHR ERMÖGLICHT, SICH MIT EINER ORGANISATIONSSTRUKTUR UND STEUERUNGSINSTRUMENTEN FÜR DAS UNTERNEHMEN MEHR AUSZUSTATTEN? EFFIZIENT UND ERMÖGLICHEN ES IHNEN, DEN ANDEREN MITBEWERBERN DIE CHANCEN VOLL UND GANZ VORAUS ZU SEIN? IM ZUSAMMENHANG MIT DER ZUNAHME DES EINSATZES VON PARKMANAGEMENTSYSTEMEN EVOLUTI.THE HAUPTZIEL DES VIGOR-PROJEKTS? DASS DAS BEGÜNSTIGTE UNTERNEHMEN MIT FORTSCHRITTLICHEN UND WIRKSAMEN MANAGEMENTINSTRUMENTEN FÜR DIE VERWALTUNG SEINES GESCHÄFTS MIT POSITIVEN AUSWIRKUNGEN AUF DAS POTENZIAL AUSGESTATTET WIRD? DEN WERT ZUM NUTZEN ALLER ZIELE VON STAKEHOLDERS.TALE ZU ERHÖHEN, INSBESONDERE IN BEZUG AUF QUALITÄT? UND DIE AUSWIRKUNGEN DER EINGEFÜHRTEN INNOVATIONEN, ODER? ENTWEDER MIT HILFE EINES EXTERNEN LIEFERANTEN, DES UNTERNEHMENS, VERFOLGT? PRAGMA S.R.L., MIT FACHKOMPETENZ UND PAR.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1088/0264-9381/28/22/225030
|
Black Hole Instabilities And Local Penrose Inequalities
|
Various higher-dimensional black holes have been shown to be unstable by studying linearized gravitational perturbations. A simpler method for demonstrating instability is to find initial data that describes a small perturbation of the black hole and violates a Penrose inequality. An easy way to construct initial data is by conformal rescaling of the unperturbed black hole initial data. For a compactified black string, we construct initial data which violates the inequality almost exactly where the Gregory-Laflamme instability appears. We then use the method to confirm the existence of the "ultraspinning" instability of Myers-Perry black holes. Finally we study black rings. We show that "fat" black rings are unstable. We find no evidence of any rotationally symmetric instability of "thin" black rings.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1063/1.5097653
|
Hole Dynamics In A Photovoltaic Donor Acceptor Couple Revealed By Simulated Time Resolved X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
|
Theoretical and experimental methodologies that can characterize electronic and nuclear dynamics, and the coupling between the two, are needed to understand photoinduced charge transfer in molecular building blocks used in organic photovoltaics. Ongoing developments in ultrafast pump-probe techniques such as time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, using an X-ray free electron laser in combination with an ultraviolet femtosecond laser, present desirable probes of coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics. In this work, we investigate the charge transfer dynamics of a donor-acceptor pair, which is widely used as a building block in low bandgap block copolymers for organic photovoltaics. We simulate the dynamics of the benzothiadiazole-thiophene molecule upon photoionization with a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) pulse and study the potential of probing the subsequent charge dynamics using time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The photoinduced dynamics are calculated using on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations based on Tully's Fewest Switches Surface Hopping approach. We calculate the X-ray absorption spectrum as a function of time after ionization at the Hartree-Fock level. The changes in the time-resolved X-ray absorption spectrum at the sulfur K-edge reveal the ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in the molecule occurring on a femtosecond time scale. These theoretical findings anticipate that ultrafast time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an X-ray probe in combination with a VUV pump offers a new approach to investigate the detailed dynamics of organic photovoltaic materials.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
819242
|
Targeting the adaptive capacity of prostate cancer through the manipulation of transcriptional and metabolic traits
|
The composition and molecular features of tumours vary during the course of the disease, and the selection pressure imposed by the environment is a central component in this process. Evolutionary principles have been exploited to explain the genomic aberrations in cancer. However, the phenotypic changes underlying disease progression remain poorly understood. In the past years, I have contributed to identify and characterise the therapeutic implications underlying metabolic alterations that are intrinsic to primary tumours or metastasis. In CancerADAPT I postulate that cancer cells rely on adaptive transcriptional & metabolic mechanisms [converging on a Metabolic Phenotype] in order to rapidly succeed in their establishment in new microenvironments along disease progression. I aim to predict the molecular cues that govern the adaptive properties in prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and an important source of cancer-related deaths. I will exploit single cell RNASeq, spatial transcriptomics and multiregional OMICs in order to identify the transcriptional and metabolic diversity within tumours and along disease progression. I will complement experimental strategies with computational analyses that identify and classify the predicted adaptation strategies of PCa cells in response to variations in the tumour microenvironment. Metabolic phenotypes postulated to sustain PCa adaptability will be functionally and mechanistically deconstructed. We will identify therapeutic strategies emanating from these results through in silico methodologies and small molecule high-throughput screening, and evaluate their potential to hamper the adaptability of tumour cells in vitro and in vivo, in two specific aspects: metastasis and therapy response. CancerADAPT will generate fundamental understanding on how cancer cells adapt in our organism, in turn leading to therapeutic strategies that increase the efficacy of current treatments.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1017/S0041977X17000477
|
A Hanafi Law Manual In The Vernacular Devletoglu Yūsuf Baliḳesrī S Turkish Verse Adaptation Of The Hidāya Wiqāya Textual Tradition For The Ottoman Sultan Murad Ii 824 1424
|
This study examines how Devletoglu Yūsuf Baliḳesrī’s versified Hanafi law manual, written in Anatolian Turkish and dedicated to the Ottoman sultan Murad II (d. 855/1451), engages in a complex relationship between the nascent vernacular, Anatolian Turkish, and the Classical Arabic religious textual tradition. Devletoglu Yūsuf's work, Manẓūm fiḳih, is a Turkish paraphrase of the Wiqāya, a popular abridgement of the major Hanafi law handbook, the Hidāya, in the form of a mathnawī (verse work of rhymed couplets). Several passages from the “Book on the Affairs of the Qadi” in Devletoglu Yūsuf's work are analysed in order to gain insight into how the work functions as a normative text in the Classical Hanafi tradition set within a localized context. Furthermore, this study explores how the work expounds upon the benefits of transmitting religious knowledge in the vernacular and justifies the use of Turkish for religious texts by drawing on Hanafi-approved Persian language practices of religious devotion. Of particular interest is how Devletoglu Yūsuf grounds his argumentation on the rhetorical theories of the Classical Arabic grammarian, ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
] |
10.3758/s13423-013-0561-6
|
Distributional reaction time properties in the Eriksen task: Marked differences or hidden similarities with the Simon task?
|
In conflict tasks, the irrelevant stimulus attribute needs to be suppressed for the correct response to be produced. In the Simon task, earlier researchers have proposed that this suppression is the reason that, after an initial increase, the interference effect decreases for longer RTs, as reflected by late, negative-going delta plots. This view has been challenged by observations of positive-going delta plots, even for long RTs, in other conflict tasks, despite a similar necessity for suppression. For late negative-going delta plots to be interpreted as reflecting suppression, a necessary, although maybe not sufficient, condition is that similar patterns should be observed for other conflict tasks. We reasoned that a similar suppression could be present, but hidden, in the Eriksen flanker task. By recording and analyzing electromyograms of the muscles involved in response execution, we could compute delta plots separately for trials that elicited a subthreshold incorrect response activation (partial error). Late negative-going delta plots were observable on partial-error trials, although they were weaker than for the Simon task, reducing the impact of this inversion on the overall distribution. We further showed that this pattern is modulated by time pressure. Those results indicate that mechanisms leading to negative-going delta plots, similar to those observed in the Simon task, are also at play in the Eriksen task. The link between negative-going delta plots and executive online control is discussed.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1093/nar/gkaa1102
|
Discovery and characterization of a fourth class of guanidine riboswitches
|
Riboswitches are RNAs that specifically sense a small molecule and regulate genes accordingly. The recent discovery of guanidine-binding riboswitches revealed the biological significance of this compound, and uncovered genes related to its biology. For example, certain sugE genes encode guanidine exporters and are activated by the riboswitches to reduce toxic levels of guanidine in the cell. In order to study guanidine biology and riboswitches, we applied a bioinformatics strategy for discovering additional guanidine riboswitches by searching for new candidate motifs associated with sugE genes. Based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, we determined that one of our six best candidates is a new structural class of guanidine riboswitches. The expression of a genetic reporter was induced 80-fold in response to addition of 5 mM guanidine in Staphylococcus aureus. This new class, called the guanidine-IV riboswitch, reveals additional guanidine-associated protein domains that are extremely rarely or never associated with previously established guanidine riboswitches. Among these protein domains are two transporter families that are structurally distinct from SugE, and could represent novel types of guanidine exporters. These results establish a new metabolite-binding RNA, further validate a bioinformatics method for finding riboswitches and suggest substrate specificities for as-yet uncharacterized transporter proteins.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
642395
|
The invisible women: nameless and forgotten stories of the rubber boom (bolivian amazonia, 19-20th centuries)
|
Mainly limited to a male gaze, the history of the Rubber Boom in Bolivian Amazonia (1870-1920) seems to be somewhat biased. The sources of the period present us with a hyper-masculinized landscape in the Amazonian jungle, and neglect the numerous women – Creoles, Europeans or Indigenous – involved in the extractive machinery by forgetting, anonymizing or relegating rubber women as minor, transparent, and almost invisible social actors.
By developing an innovative and multidisciplinary approach that combines ethno-history, ethnography, gender studies, digital humanities and visual anthropology, the project aims to trace, reconstruct and revalue female agency during the Bolivian rubber boom.
The aim is to rescue testimonies of and about native women (siringueras, cooks, maids, washers, lovers, “bush wives”) neglected by the sources due to their ethnic condition, but also related to the working Creole or European women who arrived in the Amazon to be silenced by the sexist bias of regional historiography, or either those women who were rendered invisible as immigrant settlers that joined their relatives in the great rubber adventure.
Therefore, the first objective of the project is to create a participatory and open access web archive about multiethnic women during the rubber era, making available the information gathered to a broader public: the digital archive will consist of historical documentation and above all ethnographic data, unpublished texts and little-known pictures about the extractive experience of rubber women. The second objective is a critical re-reading of the oral, documentary and visual information in order to analyze the multiple modalities of female participation in the extractive endeavor, and reconstruct an heterogeneous continuum of relations linking women and rubber that ranged from barter to wage labor, from marriage alliance to compadrazgo (fictive kinship), and from commerce to sexual violence, kidnapping and even enslavement.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1007/978-3-030-51280-4_6
|
Fairness And Efficiency In Dag Based Cryptocurrencies
|
Bitcoin is a decentralised digital currency that serves as an alternative to existing transaction systems based on an external central authority for security. Although Bitcoin has many desirable properties, one of its fundamental shortcomings is its inability to process transactions at high rates. To address this challenge, many subsequent protocols either modify the rules of block acceptance (longest chain rule) and reward, or alter the graphical structure of the public ledger from a tree to a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.008
|
Succinate: A metabolic signal in inflammation
|
Succinate is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and plays a crucial role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in mitochondria. Recently, new roles for succinate outside metabolism have emerged. Succinate stabilizes the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in specific tumors and in activated macrophages, and stimulates dendritic cells via its receptor succinate receptor 1. Furthermore, succinate has been shown to post-translationally modify proteins. This expanding repertoire of functions for succinate suggests a broader role in cellular activation. We review the new roles of succinate and draw parallels to other metabolites such as NAD+ and citrate whose roles have expanded beyond metabolism and into signaling.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
W2016818241
|
Probing topcolor-assisted technicolor from top charge asymmetry and triple-top production at the LHC
|
In a topcolor-assisted technicolor model (TC2) with large FCNC top quark couplings, we study its correlated contributions to the top quark forward-backward asymmetry ($A_{FB}$) at the Tevatron, the top charge asymmetry ($A_{C}$) and the triple-top production at the LHC. Under current constraints on the top quark from the LHC and Tevatron(such as the total and differential production rates), we scan the parameter space of such a TC2 model. We find that in the allowed parameter space the TC2 model can explain the Tevatron measured $A_{FB}$ at $2\sigma$ level, but meanwhile significantly enhance $A_{C}$ at the LHC. Such enhanced $A_{C}$, albeit currently allowed by the LHC measurement at $2\sigma$ level, will serve as a test of TC2 with the improvement of measurement precision at the LHC. Then with all the constraints (including the requirement to explain $A_{FB}$ at $2\sigma$ level and satisfying the current LHC measurement of $A_{C}$ at $2\sigma$ level), we find that the TC2 model can induce sizable triple-top production at the 14 TeV LHC (the production rate can maximally reach 16 pb). Due to the low SM backgrounds, the triple-top production can also be a good probe for TC2 model, complementary to $A_{C}$.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1016/j.jas.2012.05.014
|
Phylogeographic analysis of barley DNA as evidence for the spread of Neolithic agriculture through Europe
|
Results of analyses of the photoperiod response gene (PPD-H1) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in modern landraces of cultivated barley were used as evidence for the mechanism of agricultural spread in Neolithic Europe. In particular, we explored the usefulness of considering adaptive genes as indicators of past selective pressures acting on crops, during their spread through Europe. In some areas, such as the Alpine region, Britain and Scandinavia, we have evidence to suggest that the adaptation of crops to certain climatic conditions may have contributed to the timing of agricultural spread. At the northern fringes of Europe, and in higher altitude locations in central Europe, the introduction of more suitably adapted cereals may have facilitated successful agriculture to trigger agricultural expansion. This research opens up the possibility of investigating other genetic adaptations to climate, which would permit a fuller evaluation of the relative contributions of climate/crop and forager/farmer interactions in the process of agricultural spread.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Study of the Human Past"
] |
10.1038/ng.3664
|
The rules and impact of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in human cancers
|
Premature termination codons (PTCs) cause a large proportion of inherited human genetic diseases. PTC-containing transcripts can be degraded by an mRNA surveillance pathway termed nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). However, the efficiency of NMD varies; it is inefficient when a PTC is located downstream of the last exon junction complex (EJC). We used matched exome and transcriptome data from 9,769 human tumors to systematically elucidate the rules of NMD targeting in human cells. An integrated model incorporating multiple rules beyond the canonical EJC model explains approximately three-fourths of the non-random variance in NMD efficiency across thousands of PTCs. We also show that dosage compensation may sometimes mask the effects of NMD. Applying the NMD model identifies signatures of both positive and negative selection on NMD-triggering mutations in human tumors and provides a classification for tumor-suppressor genes.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1080/00324728.2018.1436026
|
Model Based Demography Essays On Integrating Data Technique And Theory
|
Book review of Model-Based Demography: Essays on Integrating Data, Technique and Theory. 2018. By THOMAS K. BURCH. Demographic Research Monographs Series. Cham: Springer. Pp. xviii+200. Open access (online) / £44. 99 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-3-319-65433-1.
|
[
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Mathematics"
] |
W1503772364
|
Investors' Behavioral Biases and the Nigerian Stock Market Returns (2002 - 2012)
|
The paper was intended to find other reasons, based on investors’ behavior that may impact on the performance of the Nigerian stock market. The objectives were in three-fold: to examine the extent of behavioral biases among stock market investors in Nigeria; to determine the level of returns in the period using the Nigerian Stock Exchange All share index; and to examine the effects of behavioral biases on stock market return in Nigeria. This study was motivated by the fundamental explanations given for the causes of the 2008 collapse of the Nigerian Stock Market. This paper adopted a primary data approach based on survey research design to investigate the effects of behavioral biases on stock market return in Nigeria. The paper also used secondary data from the Nigerian Stock Exchange and employed questionnaire as instrument and the technique of correlation with Pearson Product Moment Coefficient to analyze a survey of 110 randomly selected investors in Nigeria stock market. The study found strong evidence that behavioral biases existed but not very dominant in the Nigeria stock market because a weak negative relationship existed between behavioral biases and stock market returns in Nigeria. The paper concluded that being aware of behavioral biases in the Nigerian stock market was a crucial first step in ensuring that investment decisions were properly controlled to avoid any negative impacts on the individual investors and on the stock market; again, behavioral biases might be of relevant consideration in portfolio construction in order to moderate these biases. Key words : Behavioral, Biases, Investors, Portfolios, Stock Market, Return, All Share Index.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1093/mnras/staa3113
|
Eta carinae and the homunculus: far infrared/submillimetre spectral lines detected with the Herschel Space Observatory
|
ABSTRACT The evolved massive binary star η Carinae underwent eruptive mass-loss events that formed the complex bi-polar ‘Homunculus’ nebula harbouring tens of solar masses of unusually nitrogen-rich gas and dust. Despite expectations for the presence of a significant molecular component to the gas, detections have been observationally challenged by limited access to the far-infrared and the intense thermal continuum. A spectral survey of the atomic and rotational molecular transitions was carried out with the Herschel Space Observatory, revealing a rich spectrum of broad emission lines originating in the ejecta. Velocity profiles of selected PACS lines correlate well with known substructures: H i in the central core; NH and weak [C ii] within the Homunculus; and [N ii] emissions in fast-moving structures external to the Homunculus. We have identified transitions from [O i], H i, and 18 separate light C- and O-bearing molecules including CO, CH, CH+, and OH, and a wide set of N-bearing molecules: NH, NH+, N2H+, NH2, NH3, HCN, HNC, CN, and N2H+. Half of these are new detections unprecedented for any early-type massive star environment. A very low ratio [12C/13C] ≤ 4 is estimated from five molecules and their isotopologues. We demonstrate that non-LTE effects due to the strong continuum are significant. Abundance patterns are consistent with line formation in regions of carbon and oxygen depletions with nitrogen enhancements, reflecting an evolved state of the erupting star with efficient transport of CNO-processed material to the outer layers. The results offer many opportunities for further observational and theoretical investigations of the molecular chemistry under extreme physical and chemical conditions around massive stars in their final stages of evolution.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
217894
|
A soft synergy-based hand prosthesis with hybrid control
|
In the project “SoftHands” we have achieved not only a more thorough understanding of the organization and control of hands, but also a principled approach to taming the complexity of hand design. The original concept of “soft synergies” has underpinned the realization of radically new artificial hands: “SoftHands” have been demonstrated to be more adaptive and capable than most artificial hands, yet are simpler to control and more robust. One application of these ideas and technologies which stands out for potential impact and social relevance, although not originally foreseen in the ERC AG plan, is the realization of upper limb pros-theses. The objective to realize a prosthetic hand that is anthropomorphic, aesthetically pleasing, and enables an amputee to perform most activities of daily living as well as advanced prostheses, while being robust, intuitive, and economic as basic body-powered split-hook prostheses requires a much longer and larger re-search and development effort than an ERC POC can support. In this proposal we study the feasibility of applying the SoftHand technology to address one particular, but very important, objective, i.e. work-oriented prostheses. The specific requirements of these applications are high grip power, grasp versatility, resilience, resistance to water, dust, and temperature, durability, power autonomy and low cost – while factors such as aesthetics or silent operation are less dominant. Of particular relevance is the control interface with the patient. Virtually all work-oriented prostheses are operated via a body-powered cable, which is very intuitive to use and does not need batteries, motors, and sensors. On the other hand, advanced multi-fingered prostheses have sophisticated myoelectric control affording versatility and dexterity. In this project, we will engineer and experiment a novel hybrid control for a SoftHand prosthe-sis, whereby a traditional cable harness commands the advanced mechatronic system of the SoftHand.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3625-15.2016
|
Calcium Permeable Ampa Receptors Mediate The Induction Of The Protein Kinase A Dependent Component Of Long Term Potentiation In The Hippocampus
|
Two forms of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal CA1 synapses can be distinguished based on their sensitivity to inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA). The PKA-dependent form requires multiple episodes of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) or theta burst stimuli (TBS) with a spacing between episodes in the order of minutes. To investigate the mechanism by which spaced episodes induce the PKA-dependent form of LTP, we have compared, in interleaved experiments, spaced (s) and compressed (c) TBS protocols in the rat CA1 synapses. We find that LTP induced by sTBS, but not that induced by cTBS, involves the insertion of calcium-permeable (CP) AMPARs, as assessed using pharmacological and electrophysiological criteria. Furthermore, a single TBS when paired with rolipram [4-(3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one], to activate PKA, generates an LTP that also involves the insertion of CP-AMPARs. These data demonstrate that the involvement of CP-AMPARs in LTP is critically determined by the timing of the induction trigger and is associated specifically with the PKA-dependent form of LTP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term potentiation is a family of synaptic mechanisms that are believed to be important for learning and memory. Two of the most extensively studied forms are triggered by the synaptic activation of NMDA receptors and expressed by changes in AMPA receptor function. They can be distinguished on the basis of their requirement for activation of a protein kinase, PKA. We show that the PKA-dependent form also involves the transient insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. These results have implications for relating synaptic plasticity to learning and memory and suggest a specific linkage between PKA activation and the rapid synaptic insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors during long-term potentiation.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1042/EBC20170100
|
Mitochondrial Dna Replication In Mammalian Cells Overview Of The Pathway
|
Mammalian mitochondria contain multiple copies of a circular, double-stranded DNA genome and a dedicated DNA replication machinery is required for its maintenance. Many disease-causing mutations affect mitochondrial replication factors and a detailed understanding of the replication process may help to explain the pathogenic mechanisms underlying a number of mitochondrial diseases. We here give a brief overview of DNA replication in mammalian mitochondria, describing our current understanding of this process and some unanswered questions remaining.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.tibs.2012.07.002
|
MicroRNA turnover: When, how, and why
|
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (∼22 nucleotide) RNAs that are important for the regulation of numerous biological processes. Accordingly, the expression of miRNAs is itself tightly controlled by mechanisms acting at the level of transcription as well as processing of miRNA precursors. Recently, active degradation of mature miRNAs has been identified as another mechanism that is important for miRNA homeostasis. Here we review the molecular factors and cellular conditions that promote miRNA turnover. We also discuss what is known about the physiological relevance of miRNA decay.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
GB 9911197 A
|
A detection device where a single measured value delivered which lies within a first and second measurement range corresponds to an actual measurement
|
The present invention relates to a detection device comprising means 3 able to measure the value of a parameter, said device 1 being able to deliver values lying within a first measurement range which is limited at least by a first limit value. According to the invention, this device 1 furthermore comprises means 5 for modifying before delivery thereof any measured value so as to deliver a corresponding value which is defined in a second measurement range, said second measurement range being limited by at least a first limitation value which is different from said first limit value and which forms part of said first measurement range.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
10.3390/ijgi6060158
|
Registration of multi-level property rights in 3d in the netherlands: Two cases and next steps in further implementation
|
This article reports on the first 3D cadastral registration in The Netherlands, accomplished in March 2016. The solution was sought within the current cadastral, organisational, and technical frameworks to obtain a deeper knowledge on the optimal way of implementing 3D registration, while avoiding discussions between experts from different domains. The article presents the developed methodology to represent legal volumes in an interactive 3D visualisation that can be registered in the land registers. The source data is the 3D Building Information Model (BIM). The methodology is applied to two cases: (1) the case of the railway station in Delft, resulting in the actual 3D registration in 2016; and (2) a building complex in Amsterdam, improving the Delft-case and providing the possibility to describe a general workflow from design data to a legal document. An evaluation provides insights for an improved cadastral registration of multi-level property rights. The main conclusion is that in specific situations, a 3D approach has important advantages for cadastral registration over a 2D approach. Further study is needed to implement the solution in a standardised and uniform way, from registration to querying and updating in the future, and to develop a formal registration process accordingly.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1073/pnas.1108411109
|
Brush border Myosin Ia has tumor suppressor activity in the intestine
|
The loss of the epithelial architecture and cell polarity/differentiation is known to be important during the tumorigenic process. Here we demonstrate that the brush border protein Myosin Ia (MYO1A) is important for polarization and differentiation of colon cancer cells and is frequently inactivated in colorectal tumors by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. MYO1A frame-shift mutations were observed in 32% (37 of 116) of the colorectal tumors with microsatellite instability analyzed, and evidence of promoter methylation was observed in a significant proportion of colon cancer cell lines and primary colorectal tumors. The loss of polarization/differentiation resulting from MYO1A inactivation is associated with higher tumor growth in soft agar and in a xenograft model. In addition, the progression of genetically and carcinogen-initiated intestinal tumors was significantly accelerated in Myo1a knockout mice compared with Myo1a wild-type animals. Moreover, MYO1A tumor expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer patients. Patients with low MYO1A tumor protein levels had significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival compared with patients with high tumoral MYO1A (logrank test P = 0. 004 and P = 0. 009, respectively). The median time-to-disease recurrence in patients with low MYO1A was 1 y, compared with >9 y in the group of patients with high MYO1A. These results identify MYO1A as a unique tumor-suppressor gene in colorectal cancer and demonstrate that the loss of structural brush border proteins involved in cell polarity are important for tumor development.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
640391
|
Automated model inference from neural dynamics for a mechanistic understanding of cognition
|
Human cognition depends on complex coordinated dynamics of neural populations, which is shaped by a rich heterogeneity in cellular properties and network connectivity patterns of neural circuits. While cognitive neuroscience leverages macroscopic brain signals to relate neural activity to behavioral states, we currently cannot dissect them for their physiological contributions, hindering mechanistic interpretations of experimental data. One way to systematically study how physiological parameters shape neural dynamics is through mechanistic modeling of spiking neural networks. However, current modeling approaches are not quantitatively constrained by observed electrophysiological data, and often require painstaking and ad-hoc parameter-tuning by hand. Efficient discovery of mechanistic models that are consistent with experimental data would dramatically accelerate our understanding of how cellular and network properties impact cognition, and why it breaks down in pathological states, representing a radical departure from how neural data is analyzed in cognitive neuroscience. To this end, I propose to develop a machine learning-assisted model inference tool—Automated Model Inference from Neural Dynamics (AutoMIND)—that can identify parameters of candidate spiking neural network models that could capture arbitrary target neural dynamics from human brain recordings. AutoMIND extends on recent advances in simulation-based inference techniques, incorporating simultaneous parameter manifold-learning and gradient-based simulations. AutoMIND has broad utility for tackling neuroscientific questions by enabling expedited in-silico experiments. Here, I apply it to multiscale neural data to study how cellular and network properties shape: 1) the emergence of synchronous network oscillations during early neurodevelopment, and 2) the difference in neural dynamics and computation between sensory and association cortices—two questions of fundamental importance to neuroscience.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1990242526
|
Interrelation Between the Interaction Parameter and the Width of the Adsorption Voltammetric Peak
|
It is known that the width of adsorption of a voltammetric peak is defined by lateral interactions in adsorption layer, so the peak width may be a key to intensity of these interactions. Correlation between the width of the peak and interaction parameter G has been examined in details. It is impossible to find the exact equation setting G as a direct function of peak width. Approximate equations are proposed to calculate G from the peak width with high accuracy in a wide range of G values. G value can be useful not only for characterization of lateral interactions in adsorbed layer (for finding adsorption isotherm parameters), but also for quick estimation of adsorption of electroactive substance.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
EP 88200757 A
|
Dry shaver with a slidable roll-type cover.
|
Bei einem Trockernrasierapparat mit einem verschiebbaren Rolladen (3), der zum wahlweisen Abdecken oder Freigeben einer Siebscherfolie (9) des Trockenrasierapparates dient, wobei die Siebscherfolie von einem an einem Grundapparat (1) des Trockenrasierapparates lösbar gehaltenen Scherkopfrahmen (2) getragen wird, und für den eine durch eine Rast (12, 13, 14, 15) gesicherte Lage vorgesehen ist, in welcher vom Rolladen her, bei zum Rasieren freigegebener Siebscherfolie durch den Rolladen, der Motorstromkreis für den Antrieb des Trockenrasierapparates geschlossen ist, ist der Rolladen von der Siebscherfolie her vollständig auf den Grundapparat schiebbar, wobei eine weitere durch eine Rast (12, 13; 23, 24) gesicherte Lage für den Rolladen vorgesehen ist, in welcher der Rollladen die Siebscherfolie und den Scherkopfrahmen freigibt und vom Rolladen her der Motorstromkreis unterbrochen ist (Fig. 1).
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
232812
|
Telomeric Repeat Containing RNA: Biogenesis, Composition and Function
|
The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, known as telomeres, play crucial roles as guardians of genome stability and tumor suppressors. Telomeric DNA is maintained by the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase. Most normal human somatic cells express only very low levels of telomerase and telomeres shorten with continuous cell division cycles. Ultimately, short telomeres activate a DNA damage response that leads to a permanent cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Reactivation of telomerase is a key requisite for human cancer cells to attain unlimited proliferation potential. The key questions that need to be tackled in the telomere field are (1) how telomeres protect from DNA repair activities, (2) how recruitment and regulation of telomerase is mediated by telomere structure, (3) how cell cycle arrest occurs upon telomere shortening, and (4) how telomeres regulate their heterochromatic state. In all four areas, important progress is expected in the near future. We recently made the unexpected discovery that telomeres are transcribed into TElomeric Repeat containing RNA (TERRA) and that this RNA is an integral part of telomeric heterochromatin. Our working hypothesis is that the telomere is an RNA-dependent machine, and that several if not most of its crucial functions are regulated by TERRA. In this proposal we will explore TERRA functions, by elucidating its biogenesis, by identifying its protein partners and by genetic manipulation of the expression of TERRA and TERRA binding proteins. This work should provide fundamental insight into how our chromosome ends function. The gained knowledge may also provide novel avenues on how to manipulate telomere function and dysfunction in cancer cells and other diseased tissue.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W2560333618
|
Airline fuel hedging and management ownership
|
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the value effects of hedging in the airline industry during a period of high volatility and high fuel costs. The authors also study the determinants of hedging in the airline industry, most importantly whether managerial ownership affects airlines’ tendency to hedge their fuel price risk. Design/methodology/approach This study’s research design follows closely previous studies in the area. This allows comparison of the results of this study to those reported earlier, and thus the authors can draw conclusions about the effects of the different market conditions during the sample period. Findings The authors find a positive relationship between hedging and firm value, but the relationship is weaker than what is reported in prior studies. The result appears driven by the early part of the sample, whereas in the latter half of the sample, when uncertainty and fuel price are higher, the hedging premium is smaller. The authors also find that hedging premium is larger for firms that follow passive hedging strategies and that managerial ownership increases the firms’ degree of hedging. Originality/value This study provides new results on the old question of whether hedging generates value in the airline industry. The recent period of high volatility and high fuel prices makes this an interesting question to re-visit.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
740491
|
Decomposition of pain into celltypes
|
Almost 20% of the population has an ongoing pain problem. Pain is caused by a complex recruitment of different types of sensory neurons with different response-profiles and hence, the integrated response of an assembly of different neuronal types results in pain. Due to technical limitations, a system-wide approach to resolve the complexity of cell types and their involvement in the development of pain has yet not been tried.
PainCells will first identify and classify sensory neuron types by single-cell RNA seq in rodent and non-human primate. Based on the new classification we will determine the cellular basis for transduction of somatic sensation by developing enabling technologies allowing an activity-based Cre-dependent permanent labeling and identification by RNA-seq the exact cell types and hence, also neuronal assemblies active during particular types of pain. These assemblies will thereafter be silenced, ablated or artificially activated to functionally determine the role of these circuits in pain disorders. This work will for the first time reveal the full complexity of different cell types engaged in particular types of pain and unravel by activity-based mouse genetics the role of that these play in pain disorders. Thus, PainCells will reveal system-wide principles of coding pain in the nervous system.
PainCells will also address the role of terminal glial cells in the skin. This ignored cell type has in preliminary results been shown to respond to and transmit painful stimuli to primary sensory neurons. We will ascertain the role of terminal glial cells in the skin as pain initiating cells and in pain disorders. The discovery that glial cells in addition to sensory neurons represent pain receptive cells should fundamentally change the pain field.
Overall, this proposal takes a new system-wide strategy in that will affect development of new pain managing drugs, a field that has made little clinical advance the past century.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.gfs.2017.08.001
|
Trade-offs between environment and livelihoods: Bridging the global land use and food security discussions
|
This paper connects the discussion on the trade-offs between agricultural production and environmental concerns, including the asserted need for global land use expansion, and the issues of rural livelihoods and food security. Several widespread narratives are challenged. The key insights are: 1/ There is a severe research gap about how concrete interventions can reduce the need for agricultural expansion through changing consumption. 2/ Increasing global food production can hardly be achieved without environmental trade-offs. 3/ The food security/environment trade-offs can be mitigated by recognizing that some supply chains benefit little to food security, while entailing high environmental impacts such as deforestation. 4/ Through prices, global food production is linked to food security of the - mainly urban - low income, net food buyers. 5/ Developing commercial farming, including medium-scale farms providing high labor productivity employment, can contribute to food security through rural wages. 6/ Developing such value chains based on commodities with high income- and price-elasticity of demand requires interventions to avoid deforestation through a rebound-effect.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.3389/fimmu.2017.00311
|
Immunometabolic regulation of interleukin-17-producing T helper cells: Uncoupling new targets for autoimmunity
|
Interleukin-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells are critical for the host defense of bacterial and fungal pathogens and also play a major role in driving pathogenic autoimmune responses. Recent studies have indicated that the generation of Th17 cells from naïve CD4+ T cells is coupled with massive cellular metabolic adaptations, necessary to cope with different energy and metabolite requirements associated with switching from a resting to proliferative state. Furthermore, Th17 cells have to secure these metabolic adaptations when facing nutrient-limiting environments, such as at the sites of inflammation. Accumulating data indicates that this metabolic reprogramming is significantly linked to the differentiation of T helper cells and, particularly, that the metabolic changes of Th17 cells and anti-inflammatory Forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells are tightly and reciprocally regulated. Thus, a better understanding of these processes could offer potential new targets for therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, we will highlight some of the recent advances and discoveries in the field, with a particular focus on metabolic demands of Th17 cells and their implications for autoimmunity.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
DE 102012223343 A
|
Hydrostatic axial piston machine for hydraulic hybrid drive of motor car, has return plate supported by supporting piston to pressurize sliding shoes at swash plate and supporting and working pistons that are identically constructed
|
The machine has a cylinder drum (4) in which piston drillings (6) are formed. A workspace (12) is formed in the piston drilling to limit a working piston (8). The piston drilling is sliding attached with a swash plate (2) at which the working piston is supported with respect to a sliding shoe (28). A return plate (40) is supported by a supporting piston (44) in a direction of the swash plate, to pressurize the sliding shoes at the swash plate. The supporting piston and the working piston are identically constructed.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
W2050548682
|
Characterization of polyether-poly(methyl methacrylate)-lithium perchlorate blend electrolytes
|
Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) systems based on interpenetrating blends of poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) host matrices, with lithium perchlorate as guest salt, were prepared. These electrolytes were presented as free-standing films, and their thermal and electrochemical properties were characterized by conductivity and electrochemical stability measurements.
The properties of the interpenetrating blends of poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) host matrices as the electrolyte component of a solid-state electrochromic device are reported and the results obtained suggest that this electrolyte provides an encouraging performance in this application. The most conducting electrolyte composition of this SPE system is the formulation designated as SPE2-0PC (5.01 × 10−4 S cm−1 at about 57°C). The lowest decomposition temperature was registered with the SPE6-15PC composition (233°C). The average transmittance in the visible region of the spectrum was above 41% for all the samples analyzed. After coloration the device assembled with 71 wt% PC presented an average transmittance of 15.71% and an optical density at 550 nm of 0.61. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
339312
|
'Orbital molecules' - self-organised states for orbitronics
|
‘Orbital molecules’ are made up of coupled orbital states on several metal ions within an orbitally-ordered (and sometimes also charge-ordered) solid such as a transition metal oxide. Spin-singlet dimers (a weak metal-metal bond) are known in several materials, but recent discoveries of more exotic species such as 18-electron heptamers in AlV2O4 and 3-atom trimerons in magnetite (Fe3O4) have shown that a general new class of quantum electronic states that we call ‘orbital molecules’ awaits exploration.
The discovery of trimerons is particularly important as it provides the solution to the important and long-running problem of the low temperature Verwey phase of magnetite. This was discovered in 1939 but remained contentious as the complex superstructure was unknown. The applicant and co-workers recently used a synchrotron microcrystal technique to solve the structure. This showed that the Verwey transition is driven by Fe2+/3+ charge ordering in a first approximation, but with the formation of a self-organised network of trimeron orbital molecules that had not been predicted in over 70 years of previous study.
To expand the magnetite discovery into a general breakthrough in understanding quantum matter, this project will explore chemical tuning of orbital molecule self-organisation, discovery of novel orbital molecule orders in frustrated networks, and investigations of trimeron glass and liquid phases in magnetite. Evidence for liquid phases is key to possible applications. The project will develop high resolution diffraction and total scattering methods to determine long range and local orbital molecule orders, with further characterisation from magnetisation and conductivity measurements. Samples will be synthesised at ambient and high pressures.
This study will pioneer a new area of research in the electronic properties of solids, and may help to underpin future post-silicon orbitronic technologies based on the creation and manipulation of orbital states.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.016
|
Binding of OTULIN to the PUB Domain of HOIP Controls NF-κB Signaling
|
Linear ubiquitin chains are implicated in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway, immunity, and inflammation. They are synthesized by the LUBAC complex containing the catalytic subunit HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP) and are disassembled by the linear ubiquitin-specific deubiquitinase OTULIN. Little is known about the regulation of these opposing activities. Here we demonstrate that HOIP and OTULIN interact and act as a bimolecular editing pair for linear ubiquitin signals invivo. The HOIP PUB domain binds to the PUB interacting motif (PIM) of OTULIN and the chaperone VCP/p97. Structural studies revealed the basis of high-affinity interaction with the OTULIN PIM. The conserved Tyr56 of OTULIN makes critical contacts with the HOIP PUB domain, and its phosphorylation negatively regulates this interaction. Functionally, HOIP binding to OTULIN is required for the recruitment of OTULIN to the TNF receptor complex and to counteract HOIP-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
694767
|
Extreme Citizen Science: Analysis and Visualisation
|
The challenge of Extreme Citizen Science is to enable any community, regardless of literacy or education, to initiate, run, and use the result of a local citizen science activity, so they can be empowered to address and solve issues that concern them. Citizen Science is understood here as the participation of members of the public in a scientific project, from shaping the question, to collecting the data, analysing it and using the knowledge that emerges from it. Over the past 3 years, under the leadership of Prof. Muki Haklay, the Extreme Citizen Science programme at UCL has demonstrated that non-literate people and those with limited technical literacy can participate in formulating research questions and collecting the data that is important to them. Extreme Citizen Science: Analysis and Visualisation (ECSAnVis) takes the next ambitious step – developing geographical analysis and visualisation tools that can be used, successfully, by people with limited literacy, in a culturally appropriate way. At the core of the proposal is the imperative to see technology as part of socially embedded practices and culture and avoid ‘technical fixes’.
The development of novel, socially and culturally accessible Geographic Information System (GIS) interface and underlying algorithms, will provide communities with tools to support them to combine their local environmental knowledge with scientific analysis to improve environmental management. In an exciting collaboration with local indigenous partners on case studies in critically important, yet fragile and menaced ecosystems in the Amazon and the Congo-basin, our network of anthropologists, ecologists, computer scientists, designers and electronic engineers will develop innovative hardware, software and participatory methodologies that will enable any community to use this innovative GIS.
The research will contribute to the fields of geography, geographic information science, anthropology, development, agronomy and conservation.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
W2586972408
|
The Globalisation of Inflation: the Growing Importance of Global Value Chains
|
Greater international economic interconnectedness over recent decades has been changing inflation dynamics. This paper presents evidence that the expansion of global value chains (GVCs), ie cross-border trade in intermediate goods and services, is an important channel through which global economic slack influences domestic inflation. In particular, we document the extent to which the growth in GVCs explains the established empirical correlation between global economic slack and national inflation rates, both across countries and over time. Accounting for the role of GVCs, we also find that the conventional trade-based measures of openness used in previous studies are poor proxies for this transmission channel. The results support the hypothesis that as GVCs expand, direct and indirect competition among economies increases, making domestic inflation more sensitive to the global output gap. This can affect the trade-offs that central banks face when managing inflation.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
CA 2794521 A
|
DISPENSING DEVICE FOR BOTH FROTH AND NON-FROTH COATINGS
|
A dispensing device (10) capable of dispensing both frothed and non- frothed liquids, the dispensing device having in order a fluid transport medium (20) defining a flow channel (25), a trigger controlled liquid flow regulator (30) defining a flow channel (35) through which fluid may flow when the trigger (37) is in one position but not when the trigger is in another position, a flow block (50) defining a flow channel (55) in fluid communication with a gas channel (65) and removably attached to the flow regulator, a flow restriction orifice (40) between the flow block and the flow regulator (30), a mixing block (70) defining a flow channel (75) containing mixing elements and optionally stabilization (80) and extension blocks each containing a flow channel (85) wherein each flow channel is in fluid communication with one another.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W2195223302
|
Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants
|
Besides its great potential in controlling water pollution from different sources, wastewater treatment system generates significant amount of greenhouse gases. Hence, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases from the wastewater treatment plants is the major concern. The correct understanding and estimation of the greenhouse gases emitted from different points of the plant is essential to tackle this challenge. This research has attempted to evaluate and quantify the emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from the wastewater treatment system. Anaerobic wastewater treatment is more environmental friendly treatment technology than aerobic treatment due to its low solids generation rate, low energy consumption and the production of a usable biogas. In this study, IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories are followed for calculating GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants. This paper discusses the GHG emissions for wastewater treatment and compares the environmental benefits and GHG contributions of anaerobic and aerobic treatment technologies.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W1972084022
|
Machine learning based analysis of gender differences in visual inspection decision making
|
While machine learning is most often concerned with learning from humans, the fact that human behavior systematically differs for (groups of) people with different gender, age, education or cultural background is widely ignored. Obviously, such differences are reflected in the training humans provide to machine learning algorithms that in turn affects the induced models. A coherent set of experiment design and analysis methods is presented which was applied for studying gender differences in visual inspection decision making. Detailed results from a study with 50 female and 50 male subjects are reported. Although immediate performance measures were almost equal, highly significant differences in the structure of induced decision trees have been found (p=0.00005). This demonstrates the value of our contribution for researchers intending to investigate the otherwise hidden structure of cognitive gender differences rather than their merits.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
W2808045633
|
Stash in a Flash
|
Encryption is a useful tool to protect data confidentiality. Yet it is still challenging to hide the very presence of encrypted, secret data from a powerful adversary. This paper presents a new technique to hide data in flash by manipulating the voltage level of pseudo-randomlyselected flash cells to encode two bits (rather than one) in the cell. In this model, we have one “public” bit interpreted using an SLC-style encoding, and extract a private bit using an MLC-style encoding. The locations of cells that encode hidden data is based on a secret key known only to the hiding user.
Intuitively, this technique requires that the voltage level in a cell encoding data must be (1) not statistically distinguishable from a cell only storing public data, and (2) the user must be able to reliably read the hidden data from this cell. Our key insight is that there is a wide enough variation in the range of voltage levels in a typical flash device to obscure the presence of fine-grained changes to a small fraction of the cells, and that the variation is wide enough to support reliably re-reading hidden data. We demonstrate that our hidden data and underlying voltage manipulations go undetected by support vector machine based supervised learning which performs similarly to a random guess. The error rates of our scheme are low enough that the data is recoverable months after being stored. Compared to prior work, our technique provides 24x and 50x higher encoding and decoding throughput and doubles the capacity, while being 37x more power efficient.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.90.184413
|
Critical Casimir forces in a magnetic system: An experimental protocol
|
We numerically test an experimentally realizable method for the extraction of the critical Casimir force based on its thermodynamic definition as the derivative of the excess free energy with respect to system size. Free energy differences are estimated for different system sizes by integrating the order parameter along an isotherm. The method could be developed for experiments on magnetic systems and could give access to the critical Casimir force for any universality class. By choosing an applied field that opposes magnetic ordering at the boundaries, the Casimir force is found to increase by an order of magnitude over zero-field results.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.15252/embj.201489847
|
Ubiquitin Ser65 phosphorylation affects ubiquitin structure, chain assembly and hydrolysis
|
The protein kinase PINK1 was recently shown to phosphorylate ubiquitin (Ub) on Ser65, and phosphoUb activates the E3 ligase Parkin allosterically. Here, we show that PINK1 can phosphorylate every Ub in Ub chains. Moreover, Ser65 phosphorylation alters Ub structure, generating two conformations in solution. A crystal structure of the major conformation resembles Ub but has altered surface properties. NMR reveals a second phosphoUb conformation in which β5-strand slippage retracts the C-terminal tail by two residues into the Ub core. We further show that phosphoUb has no effect on E1-mediated E2 charging but can affect discharging of E2 enzymes to form polyUb chains. Notably, UBE2R1- (CDC34), UBE2N/UBE2V1- (UBC13/UEV1A), TRAF6- and HOIP-mediated chain assembly is inhibited by phosphoUb. While Lys63-linked poly-phosphoUb is recognized by the TAB2 NZF Ub binding domain (UBD), 10 out of 12 deubiquitinases (DUBs), including USP8, USP15 and USP30, are impaired in hydrolyzing phosphoUb chains. Hence, Ub phosphorylation has repercussions for ubiquitination and deubiquitination cascades beyond Parkin activation and may provide an independent layer of regulation in the Ub system.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
2718827
|
Accurate geofluid properties as key to geothermal process optimisation
|
Rigorous thermodynamic models are crucial to understanding the properties of geofluids, as part of planning for exploration, design and operation of geothermal energy facilities. However, these models are currently incomplete and do not give accurate enough results for reliable planning; Operators commonly need to carry out empirical, site-specific trials instead, which are costly and occur ‘after the fact’, reducing their effectiveness.
The GEOPRO project will produce a set of integrated knowledge based design and operation tools to allow the geothermal industry to explore, design and operate systems more effectively, reducing the LCOE to competitive levels.
To do this, we will firstly generate new experimentally derived datasets to fill gaps in current knowledge of the heat and mass transfer behaviour of complex and highly concentrated fluids under hot and superhot conditions. These will provide next-generation equations of state, which we incorporate into a set of operation and exploration tools. To address these objectives, we have assembled a consortium that combines excellent strength in all areas from the systematic and accurate experimental determination of fluid properties through beyond-industry standard reservoir modeling to process optimization and flow assurance modeling. Our consortium also contains geothermal industry partners, on whose sites we will verify the accuracy of the toolsets. We will then incorporate these into open-access knowledge base for use and development across the industry.
The geothermal industry will use these new tools to benefit from: the capability to better explore and ‘vector in’ on new resources; the ability to predict the return on a well more reliably for investment decisions; control-oriented simulations to reduce the engineering overkill currently required; improved energy extraction through knowledge of the real production constraints.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
759226
|
Molecular mechanisms of interferon-induced antiviral restriction and signalling
|
Interferons (IFNs), which are signalling proteins produced by infected cells, are the first line of defence against viral infections. IFNs induce, in infected and neighbouring cells, the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The ISGs in turn induce in cells a potent antiviral state, capable of preventing replication of most viruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus (FLUAV). Identifying the antiviral ISGs and understanding their mechanisms of action is therefore crucial to progress in the fight against viruses.
ISGs playing a role in the antiviral state have been identified, such as human MX1, a well-known antiviral factor able to restrict numerous viruses including FLUAV, and MX2, an HIV-1 inhibitor. Both proteins bind to viral components but their detailed mechanisms of action, as well as the consequences of restriction on the activation of the innate immune system, remain unclear. Moreover, our preliminary work shows that additional anti-HIV-1 and anti-FLUAV ISGs remain to identify.
In this context, this proposal seeks an ERC StG funding to explore 3 major aims: 1) unravelling the mechanisms of antiviral action of MX proteins, by taking advantage of their similar structure and engineered chimeric proteins, and by using functional genetic screens to identify their cofactors; 2) investigating the consequences of incoming virus recognition by MX proteins on innate immune signalling, by altering their expression in target cells and measuring the cell response in terms of gene induction and cytokine production; 3) identifying and characterizing new ISGs able to inhibit viral replication with a combination of powerful approaches, including a whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen.
Overall, this proposal will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the antiviral effect of IFN, and may guide future efforts to identify novel therapeutic targets against major pathogenic viruses.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.015
|
Tropoelastin coated PLLA-PLGA scaffolds promote vascular network formation
|
The robust repair of large wounds and tissue defects relies on blood flow. This vascularization is the major challenge faced by tissue engineering on the path to forming thick, implantable tissue constructs. Without this vasculature, oxygen and nutrients cannot reach the cells located far from host blood vessels. To make viable constructs, tissue engineering takes advantage of the mechanical properties of synthetic materials, while combining them with ECM proteins to create a natural environment for the tissue-specific cells. Tropoelastin, the precursor of the elastin, is the ECM protein responsible for elasticity in diverse tissues, including robust blood vessels. Here, we seeded endothelial cells with supporting cells on PLLA/PLGA scaffolds treated with tropoelastin, and examined the morphology, expansion and maturity of the newly formed vessels. Our results demonstrate that the treated scaffolds elicit a more expanded, complex and developed vascularization in comparison to the untreated group. Implantation of tropoelastin-treated scaffolds into mouse abdominal muscle resulted in enhanced perfusion of the penetrating vasculature and improved integration. This study points to the great potential of these combined materials in promoting the vascularization of implanted engineered constructs, which can be further exploited in the fabrication of clinically relevant engineered tissues.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.012
|
Altered resting-state whole-brain functional networks of neonates with intrauterine growth restriction
|
The feasibility to use functional MRI (fMRI) during natural sleep to assess low-frequency basal brain activity fluctuations in human neonates has been demonstrated, although its potential to characterise pathologies of prenatal origin has not yet been exploited. In the present study, we used intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as a model of altered neurodevelopment due to prenatal condition to show the suitability of brain networks to characterise functional brain organisation at neonatal age. Particularly, we analysed resting-state fMRI signal of 20 neonates with IUGR and 13 controls, obtaining whole-brain functional networks based on correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in 90 grey matter regions of an anatomical atlas (AAL). Characterisation of the networks obtained with graph theoretical features showed increased network infrastructure and raw efficiencies but reduced efficiency after normalisation, demonstrating hyper-connected but sub-optimally organised IUGR functional brain networks. Significant association of network features with neurobehavioral scores was also found. Further assessment of spatiotemporal dynamics displayed alterations into features associated to frontal, cingulate and lingual cortices. These findings show the capacity of functional brain networks to characterise brain reorganisation from an early age, and their potential to develop biomarkers of altered neurodevelopment.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1073/pnas.1213076110
|
Sirt1 suppresses RNA synthesis after UV irradiation in combined xeroderma pigmentosum group D/Cockayne syndrome (XP-D/CS) cells
|
Specific mutations in the XPD subunit of transcription factor IIH result in combined xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)/Cockayne syndrome (CS), a severe DNA repair disorder characterized at the cellular level by a transcriptional arrest following UV irradiation. This transcriptional arrest has always been thought to be the result of faulty transcription-coupled repair. In the present study, we showed that, following UV irradiation, XP-D/CS cells displayed a gross transcriptional dysregulation compared with "pure" XP-D cells or WT cells. Furthermore, global RNA-sequencing analysis showed that XP-D/CS cells repressed the majority of genes after UV, whereas pure XP-D cells did not. By using housekeeping genes as a model, we demonstrated that XP-D/CS cells were unable to reassemble these gene promoters and thus to restart transcription after UV irradiation. Furthermore, we found that the repression of these promoters in XP-D/CS cells was not a simple consequence of deficient repair but rather an active heterochromatinization process mediated by the histone deacetylase Sirt1. Indeed, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that inhibition of and/or silencing of Sirt1 changed the chromatin environment at these promoters and restored the transcription of a large portion of the repressed genes in XP-D/CS cells after UV irradiation. Our work demonstrates that a significant part of the transcriptional arrest displayed by XP-D/CS cells arises as a result of an active repression process and not simply as a result of a DNA repair deficiency. This dysregulation of Sirt1 function that results in transcriptional repression may be the cause of various severe clinical features in patients with XP-D/CS that cannot be explained by a DNA repair defect.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1080/08957959.2016.1199693
|
In Situ Characterization Of Liquid Network Structures At High Pressure And Temperature Using X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Coupled With The Paris Edinburgh Press
|
ABSTRACTWe review recent progress in studying structural properties of liquids using X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with the Paris-Edinburgh press at third-generation synchrotron facilities. This experimental method allows for detecting subtle changes in atomic arrangements of melts over a wide pressure–temperature range. It has been also employed to monitor variations of the local coordination environment of diluted species contained in glasses, liquids and crystalline phases as a function of the pressure and temperature. Such information is of great importance for gaining deeper insights into the physico-chemical properties of liquids at extreme condition, including the understanding of such phenomena as liquid–liquid phase transitions, viscosity drops and various transport properties of geological melts. Here, we describe the experimental approach and discuss its potential in structural characterization on selected scientific highlights. Finally, the current ongoing instrumental developments and. . .
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
3735426
|
The sun-chariot’s journey towards the nordic sky: on the (pre-)history of ideas on sky, sun, and sunlight in northern europe
|
The objectives of my project are:
(1) to further develop the field of Comparative Indo-European Poetics (CIEP) and to strengthen the interdisciplinary collaboration between Historical Linguistics and Archaeology;
(2) to apply the approach of CIEP to Old Norse (ON) and Germanic (Gmc.) texts by analysing poetic phraseology and mythological conceptions concerning the sky, the sun, and sunlight which find correspondences in other Indo-European (IE) traditions and may reflect Proto-Indo-European (PIE) heritage;
(3) to connect the results of this analysis with prehistoric archaeological artefacts by means of an interdisciplinary approach to these issues.
Spoken more than 5000 years ago, PIE is the reconstructed ancestor of all IE languages, among which are Hittite, Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit, as well as ON and other ancient Gmc. languages (such as Old English and Old Saxon). By studying these languages in a comparative perspective, historical linguists have reconstructed not only an impressive amount of the words of PIE, but also of its traditional formulas and poetic phrases. These are the subject of study of CIEP, whose approach has only sporadically been applied to ON and Gmc. texts.
CIEP gives us precious insights into the mythological beliefs of the speakers of PIE: inter alia, we can reconstruct numerous PIE poetic images and cosmological conceptions concerning the day-lit sky, the sun, the sunlight, and the deities which were associated with them. Some of these conceptions are, on the one hand, attested in ON and Gmc. texts and, on the other hand, have parallels in Bronze Age archaeological artefacts belonging to Northern and Central European prehistoric cultures, whose formation has recently been traced back by scholars of Archaeology, Genomics, and Archaeolinguistics (an interdisciplinary field combining Historical Linguistics and Archaeology) to contacts between pre-existing populations of Neolithic farmers and migrating groups of PIE-speaking pastoralists.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
] |
637469
|
Hunting for voters: the impact of data-driven campaigning on democracy
|
Data-driven political campaigns are on the rise. Concerns have been voiced that practices like online political microtargeting techniques are harmful for democracy. These concerns grew after the unexpected outcome of the US presidential elections in 2016, the Brexit vote in the UK, and several recent elections in Europe. However, it is unclear if data-driven campaigns using online microtargeting techniques are an actual threat to democracy. The project will focus on the consequences of data-driven targeting and digital persuasion. In light of ongoing political and societal turmoil, investigating how citizens may be persuaded in a changing media landscape has never been of more importance. The overarching objective of this project is to identify the conditions and the extent to which data-driven online political microtargeting affect citizens’ attitudes and opinions, and eventually voting behavior. The project addresses three research questions: To what extent and under which conditions does data-driven political targeting have a beneficial impact, and under which conditions a harmful impact on democracy? And how can the beneficial effects trump the harmful effects? The project is novel as it systematically analyses the impact of data-driving campaigning, providing a theoretical dual-processing model, while using a mixture of research methods and a comparative perspective. As a whole, the project will offer a deeper understanding of the global impact of online data-driven targeting techniques during elections in several countries.
|
[
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
W1966842207
|
Self-StarMAS: A Multi-Agent System for the Self-Management of AAL Applications
|
Internet of Things (IoT) is used when real-world and everyday objects are connected to the internet. In IoT systems, things collaborate to bring valuable services to users, being one of its key applications the Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). The majority of devices used in IoT are handheld or lightweight devices that show symptoms of degradation, such as energy loss or failure of some network nodes. Consequently IoT-based systems demand the reconfiguration of their internal functioning in response to changes in their environment. IoT-based systems, and especially AAL systems, must behave as self-managing systems. We propose to develop AAL systems using agents enhanced with autonomic computing. Agent properties are adequate for developing self-management systems and additionally, naturally address IoT problems, such as heterogeneity and address ability. We present architectures and tasks for different devices that compose the system and validation results of the current implementation of our system.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1109/NOC.2016.7507004
|
Wired And Wireless High Speed Communications Enabled By Plasmonics
|
Speed, footprint, power consumption and economiy of costs are key factors in the field of communications. The new field of plasmonics promises THz bandwidth devices with a micrometer footprint operating with fJ/bit at prices that scale similar to what is known from the CMOS industry. In this paper we will review recent advances in the field of plasmonics. An emphasis will be on the plasmonic organic hybrid platform with which we recently demonstrated the first 108 Gbit/s modulator, introduced a novel ultra-dense plasmonic interconnect solution or demonstrated a new radio-over-fiber scheme.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00306
|
A Strategy for Probing the Evolution of Crystallization Processes by Low-Temperature Solid-State NMR and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
|
Crystallization plays an important role in many areas, and to derive a fundamental understanding of crystallization processes, it is essential to understand the sequence of solid phases produced as a function of time. Here, we introduce a new NMR strategy for studying the time evolution of crystallization processes, in which the crystallizing system is quenched rapidly to low temperature at specific time points during crystallization. The crystallized phase present within the resultant "frozen solution" may be investigated in detail using a range of sophisticated NMR techniques. The low temperatures involved allow dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to be exploited to enhance the signal intensity in the solid-state NMR measurements, which is advantageous for detection and structural characterization of transient forms that are present only in small quantities. This work opens up the prospect of studying the very early stages of crystallization, at which the amount of solid phase present is intrinsically low.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1017/s0028688518000243
|
A Re-Examination of New Testament Papyrus P99 (Vetus Latina AN glo Paul)
|
A bilingual Greek–Latin glossary in the papyrus Chester Beatty AC 1499 (= New Testament P99, Vetus Latina AN glo Paul) contains numerous short extracts from the letters of Paul. New photographs and re-examination of the original have allowed substantial corrections to previous editions of the text, causing some rare or unique variant readings to disappear and others to appear for the first time. The history of the glossary can now be better understood: it was probably created not directly from a text of Paul, but from an early Christian work, now lost, that quoted extensively from Paul.
|
[
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
] |
10.31234/osf.io/hpm4z
|
Understanding the role of linguistic distributional knowledge in cognition
|
The distributional patterns of words in language forms the basis of linguistic distributional knowledge and contributes to conceptual processing across cognition. While corpus-based linguistic distributional models (LDMs) can capture human performance in many cognitive tasks, questions remain regarding the nature and role of linguistic distributional knowledge in cognition. We propose that LDMs can be a cognitively plausible approach to modelling linguistic distributional knowledge when assumed to represent an essential component of semantics that is grounded in a complementary sensorimotor component, when trained on appropriate corpora that are representative of human language experience, and when they capture syntagmatic, paradigmatic, and bag-of-words distributional relations that are useful to cognition. Using an extensive set of cognitive tasks that vary in their conceptual complexity and response measurements, we systematically evaluate a wide range of model families (predict vector, count vector, n-gram), corpora varying in size and quality, and parameter settings. Our findings demonstrate that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for how linguistic distributional knowledge is used across cognition, and that its use depends on the conceptual complexity of the task at hand. Conceptually simple tasks that rely on single paradigmatic relations are relatively easy to model even with poor-quality language experience, but conceptually complex tasks that involve sophisticated processing of diverse and/or abstracted relations require a diverse set of task-specific models and high-quality language experience. Linguistic distributional knowledge is a rich source of information about the world that can be accessed flexibly according to cognitive need. Online materials are available at https://osf. io/uj92m/.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Texts and Concepts"
] |
W2166192216
|
Sources contributing to background surface ozone in the US Intermountain West
|
Abstract. We quantify the sources contributing to background surface ozone concentrations in the US Intermountain West by using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model with 1 / 2° × 2 / 3° horizontal resolution to interpret the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) ozone monitoring data for 2006–2008. We isolate contributions from lightning, wildfires, the stratosphere, and California pollution. Lightning emissions are constrained by observations and wildfire emissions are estimated from daily fire reports. We find that lightning increases mean surface ozone in summer by 10 ppbv in the Intermountain West, with moderate variability. Wildfire plumes generate high-ozone events in excess of 80 ppbv in GEOS-Chem, but CASTNet ozone observations in the Intermountain West show no enhancements during these events nor do they show evidence of regional fire influence. Models may overestimate ozone production in fresh fire plumes because of inadequate chemistry and grid-scale resolution. The highest ozone concentrations observed in the Intermountain West (> 75 ppbv) in spring are associated with stratospheric intrusions. The model captures the timing of these intrusions but not their magnitude, reflecting numerical diffusion intrinsic to Eulerian models. This can be corrected statistically through a relationship between model bias and the model-diagnosed magnitude of stratospheric influence; with this correction, models may still be useful to forecast and interpret high-ozone events from stratospheric intrusions. We show that discrepancy between models in diagnosing stratospheric influence is due in part to differences in definition, i.e., whether stratospheric ozone is diagnosed as produced in the stratosphere (GEOS-Chem definition) or as transported from above the tropopause. The latter definition can double the diagnosed stratospheric influence in surface air by labeling as "stratospheric" any ozone produced in the troposphere and temporarily transported to the stratosphere. California pollution influence in the Intermountain West frequently exceeds 10 ppbv but is generally not correlated with the highest ozone events.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W1983093774
|
Patterns of motivation beliefs: Combining achievement goal and expectancy-value perspectives.
|
A person-centered approach integrated achievement goal and expectancy-value perspectives and identified patterns of mastery and performance-achievement goals (developing vs. demonstrating competence), task values (beliefs about interest, utility, importance, or opportunity costs), and competence beliefs. Cluster analysis classified 1,870 students (primarily Vietnamese and Latino) taught by 40 teachers in 148 math classrooms in 7 urban middle schools. Seven patterns were identified. In one adaptive pattern, students reported moderate interest in math and a sole focus on mastery goals of developing competence, supporting a traditional perspective on how goals operate. In another, students focused on both developing and demonstrating competence, supporting a multiple goals perspective. Achievement and affect did not differ significantly between these 2 groups, though both fared better than a 3rd cluster focused also on avoiding the demonstration of incompetence. Across all clusters, cost value differentiated more- and less-adaptive patterns of motivation. Integrating goal and value constructs improved prediction of affect and achievement and indicated that linear models may mask complex interactions.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/023
|
Early Cosmology Constrained
|
We investigate our knowledge of early universe cosmology by exploring how much additional energy density can be placed in different components beyond those in the $\Lambda$CDM model. To do this we use a method to separate early- and late-universe information enclosed in observational data, thus markedly reducing the model-dependency of the conclusions. We find that the 95\% credibility regions for extra energy components of the early universe at recombination are: non-accelerating additional fluid density parameter $\Omega_{\rm MR} < 0. 006$ and extra radiation parameterised as extra effective neutrino species $2. 3 < N_{\rm eff} < 3. 2$ when imposing flatness. Our constraints thus show that even when analyzing the data in this largely model-independent way, the possibility of hiding extra energy components beyond $\Lambda$CDM in the early universe is seriously constrained by current observations. We also find that the standard ruler, the sound horizon at radiation drag, can be well determined in a way that does not depend on late-time Universe assumptions, but depends strongly on early-time physics and in particular on additional components that behave like radiation. We find that the standard ruler length determined in this way is $r_{\rm s} = 147. 4 \pm 0. 7$ Mpc if the radiation and neutrino components are standard, but the uncertainty increases by an order of magnitude when non-standard dark radiation components are allowed, to $r_{\rm s} = 150 \pm 5$ Mpc.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
W2166528556
|
Bus-Arrival-Time Prediction Models: Link-Based and Section-Based
|
Bus-arrival-time information service is a key component of an advanced transit information system. Instantaneous and accurate prediction of bus arrival time can help improve the quality of service, and attracts additional ridership. On the bases of analyses of bus running processes, bus arrival time was divided into interzone link travel time and section travel time. A self-adaptive exponential smoothing-based algorithm was proposed for interzone link travel time prediction, whereas link-based and section-based algorithms were proposed for section travel time prediction. With the automatic vehicle location data collected from an actual bus route, an experiment was conducted to measure the performance (accuracy and precision in prediction) of link-based and section-based models with respect to three dominant factors: day of week, time of day, and length of segment. The research results show that: (1) the overall performance of section-based models is superior to that of link-based models on all weekdays bu...
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevD.83.044007
|
N-body simulations for f(R) gravity using a self-adaptive particle-mesh code
|
We perform high-resolution N-body simulations for f(R) gravity based on a self-adaptive particle-mesh code MLAPM. The chameleon mechanism that recovers general relativity on small scales is fully taken into account by self-consistently solving the nonlinear equation for the scalar field. We independently confirm the previous simulation results, including the matter power spectrum, halo mass function, and density profiles, obtained by Oyaizu and Schmidt, and extend the resolution up to k∼20h/Mpc for the measurement of the matter power spectrum. Based on our simulation results, we discuss how the chameleon mechanism affects the clustering of dark matter and halos on full nonlinear scales.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
988070
|
Investigating the role of attention in reading
|
Reading is undoubtedly one of the most important cognitive skills in modern societies; yet, despite decades of reading research, some critical issues remain poorly understood. Given that the reading process is cognitively multi-faceted (involving linguistic processing, oculo-motor processing, memory and attention), getting to understand the reading process in full is by definition an interdisciplinary endeavour.
Therefore, striking an interdisciplinary alliance between the fields of reading and attention, this project's mission is to increase understanding of the role of attention in reading (ROAR). Specifically, this project aims to answer the question of how attention is distributed across the visual field during reading, and how attention is used to organize incoming linguistic information. Moreover, this project offers a novel attention-based perspective on reading problems and dyslexia, along with a practical application to help remedy such problems. In short, getting to grips with how attention operates in reading may be key to solving several long-standing questions.
This project comprises state-of-the-art electro-encephalography and eye-tracking techniques that will provide novel means to investigate attention in reading. Moreover, a recently developed reading interface, geared at facilitating word recognition by reducing interference from surrounding words, will be upgraded and tested with dyslexic readers. Thus, this project is perfectly placed in the Goldilocks zone between fundamental research and practical applicability.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
interreg_2296
|
Integration of migrants in the enlarged Europe and policies for the return of productive intellect
|
Immigration is a complex issue in the transition process of the old EU of the 15 to the eastward enlargement of the EU for both, the new EU border areas of today and for those regions that recently have or will become EU border areas. Within the CADSES area, immigration flows have to be managed by many regions and countries such as Veneto or Austria and recently also by the newly acceded countries. Parts of Poland, Slovakia and Hungary are now new border regions of the EU and face immigration-related problems while Romania and Serbia have experienced growing outflows of citizens towards EU Member States in recent years. The phenomenon means organisational and social challenges that have to be dealt with by better instruments and policies. MIGRALINK’s main goals are to strengthen transnational co-operation in the governance of immigration flows in and between the seven countries participating in the project (Italy, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, and Serbia and Montenegro) and to provide immigrants with concrete return opportunities, offering appropriate training and entrepreneurship support, and hence contributing also to the economic and social development of poorer regions in the new EU Member States. A transnational network of public and private organisations concerned with immigration issues will be established and serve as a platform for exchanging information. It will also define potential return strategies for immigrants who then contribute to the development of their countries of origin. Moreover, a benchmark of strategies and services to foster the social inclusion of immigrants is planned.
|
[
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1016/j.cmet.2012.02.001
|
Pten positively regulates brown adipose function, energy expenditure, and longevity
|
Aging in worms and flies is regulated by the PI3K/Akt/Foxo pathway. Here we extend this paradigm to mammals. Pten tg mice carrying additional genomic copies of Pten are protected from cancer and present a significant extension of life span that is independent of their lower cancer incidence. Interestingly, Pten tg mice have an increased energy expenditure and protection from metabolic pathologies. The brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Pten tg mice is hyperactive and presents high levels of the uncoupling protein Ucp1, which we show is a target of Foxo1. Importantly, a synthetic PI3K inhibitor also increases energy expenditure and hyperactivates the BAT in mice. These effects can be recapitulated in isolated brown adipocytes and, moreover, implants of Pten tg fibroblasts programmed with Prdm16 and Cebpβ form subcutaneous brown adipose pads more efficiently than wild-type fibroblasts. These observations uncover a role of Pten in promoting energy expenditure, thus decreasing nutrient storage and its associated damage.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.003
|
Microstructures and petrology of melt inclusions in the anatectic sequence of Jubrique (Betic Cordillera, S Spain): Implications for crustal anatexis
|
We report a new occurrence of melt inclusions in polymetamorphic granulitic gneisses of the Jubrique unit, a complete though strongly thinned crustal section located above the Ronda peridotite slab (Betic Cordillera, S Spain). The gneissic sequence is composed of mylonitic gneisses at the bottom and in contact with the peridotites, and porphyroblastic gneisses on top. Mylonitic gneisses are strongly deformed rocks with abundant garnet and rare biotite. Except for the presence of melt inclusions, microstructures indicating the former presence of melt are rare or absent. Upwards in the sequence, garnet decreases whereas biotite increases in modal proportion. Melt inclusions are present from cores to rims of garnets throughout the entire sequence. Most of the former melt inclusions are now totally crystallized and correspond to nanogranites, whereas some of them are partially made of glass or, more rarely, are totally glassy. They show negative crystal shapes and range in size from ≈ 5 to 200. μm, with a mean size of ≈ 30-40. μm. Daughter phases in nanogranites and partially crystallized melt inclusions include quartz, feldspars, biotite and muscovite; accidental minerals include kyanite, graphite, zircon, monazite, rutile and ilmenite; glass has a granitic composition. Melt inclusions are mostly similar throughout all the gneissic sequence. Some fluid inclusions, of possible primary origin, are spatially associated with melt inclusions, indicating that at some point during the suprasolidus history of these rocks granitic melt and fluid coexisted. Thermodynamic modeling and conventional thermobarometry of mylonitic gneisses provide peak conditions of ≈ 850. °C and 12-14. kbar, corresponding to cores of large garnets with inclusions of kyanite and rutile. Post-peak conditions of ≈ 800-850. °C and 5-6. kbar are represented by rim regions of large garnets with inclusions of sillimanite and ilmenite, cordierite-quartz-biotite coronas replacing garnet rims, and the matrix with oriented sillimanite. Previous conventional petrologic studies on these strongly deformed rocks have proposed that anatexis started during decompression from peak to post-peak conditions and in the field of sillimanite. The study of melt inclusions shows, however, that melt was already present in the system at peak conditions, and that most garnet grew in the presence of melt.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
714870
|
Modification of Molecular structure Under Strong Coupling to confined Light modES
|
Understanding and controlling the properties of matter is one of the overarching goals of modern science. A powerful way to achieve is this by using light, usually in the form of intense laser beams. However, modern advances in nanophotonics allow us to confine light modes so strongly that their effect on matter is felt even when no external fields are present. In this regime of “strong coupling” or “vacuum Rabi splitting”, the fundamental excitations of the coupled system are hybrid light-matter states which combine the properties of both constituents, so-called polaritons. Little attention has been paid to the fact that strong coupling can also affect internal structure, such as nuclear motion in molecules. First experimental indications for this effect have been found, but current theory cannot explain or predict such changes. We will thus develop theoretical methods that can treat the modification of molecular structure under strong coupling to confined light modes. This will require advances in the microscopic description of the molecules under strong coupling by explicitly including their rovibrational degrees of freedom, as well as techniques to incorporate the influence of these modes in the macroscopic setting of collective strong coupling. In order to achieve this, we will adapt well-known techniques from quantum chemistry and combine them with the concepts of polariton physics. We will investigate what level of control can be gained through this approach, and whether confined light modes could act as a “photonic catalyst” to control molecular dynamics without requiring an active ingredient. This could present a novel tool to control photochemical reactions that are of paramount importance in the biological mechanisms of vision and photosynthesis, and hold great interest for use in memories, photoswitching devices, light-driven actuators, or solar energy storage. Consequently, this work could have wide-ranging impact on many different fields of science.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.024
|
Ab initio modelling of solute segregation energies to a general grain boundary
|
We apply a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) multiscale approach to calculate the segregation energies of Mg and Pb to two kinds of grain boundaries in Al. The first boundary, a symmetric (310)[001] Σ5 tilt boundary, is also tractable using traditional QM calculations, and serves as a validation for the QM/MM method. The second boundary is a general, low-symmetry tilt boundary that is completely inaccessible to pure QM calculations. QM/MM results for both of these boundaries are used to evaluate the accuracy of empirical (EAM) potentials for the Al-Mg and Al-Pb alloy systems. Based on these results we develop a physical model for the segregation energy based on elastic interaction and bond breaking terms. Both MM calculations with the EAM potentials and the model work quantitatively well for describing Mg-GB interaction across a wide range of local environments. For Pb, MM performance is weaker and the model provides only qualitative insight, demonstrating the utility of a QM/MM approach.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00345
|
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation
|
ConspectusBinding of molecules in molecular cages based on self-assembled concave building blocks has been of great interest to scientists for decades. The binding of static molecular fragments inside cage-like molecular structures is generally based on complementarity of host and guest in terms of shape and interactions. The encapsulation of homogeneous catalysts in molecular cages is of interest as activity, selectivity, and stability can be controlled by the cage as second coordination sphere, reminiscent of how enzymes control chemical reactivity. Homogeneous catalysts, however, are not static guest molecules as catalysts change in shape, charge, and polarity during the catalytic cycle, representing the challenges involved in cage controlled catalysis. To address these issues, we developed a new strategy that we coined the "ligand template approach for catalyst encapsulation". This strategy relies on ligand building blocks that contain multiple orthogonal binding sites: the central ligand (mostly phosphorus) is bound to the transition metal required for catalysis, while other binding sites are used to construct a cage structure around the transition metal atom through self-assembly. By design, the catalyst is inside the capsule during the catalytic cycle, as the central ligand is coordinated to the catalyst. As the approach is based on a self-assembly process of building blocks, the catalyst properties can be easily modulated by modification of building blocks involved. In this Account, we elaborate on template ligand strategies for single catalyst encapsulation, based on divergent ligand templates and the extension to nanospheres with multiple metal complexes, which are formed by assembly of convergent ligand templates. Using the mononuclear approach, a variety of encapsulated catalysts can be generated, which have led to highly (enantio)selective hydroformylation reactions for encapsulated rhodium atoms. Besides the successes of encapsulated rhodium catalysts in hydroformylation, mononuclear ligand template capsules have been applied in asymmetric hydrogenation, the Heck reaction, copolymerization, gold catalyzed cyclization reactions, and hydrosilylation reactions. By changing the capsule building blocks the electronic and steric properties around the transition metal atom have successfully been modified, which translates to changes in catalyst properties. Using the convergent ligand templates, nanospheres have been generated with up to 24 complexes inside the sphere, leading to very high local concentrations of the transition metal. The effect of local concentrations was explored in gold catalyzed cyclization reactions and ruthenium catalyzed water oxidation, and for both reactions, spectacular reaction rate enhancements have been observed. This Account shows that the template ligand approach to provide catalyst in well-defined specific environments is very versatile and leads to catalyst properties that are not achievable with traditional approaches.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
889431
|
Promoting osteogenesis through vascular endothelial cells
|
The skeletal system and its vasculature form a functional unit with great relevance in health, regeneration, and disease. Our recent work has provided fundamental insights into the organization of the bone vasculature in mouse, its changes during aging, the heterogeneity and functional specialization of bone capillaries and endothelial cells, the regulation of these properties by Notch and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, and the crosstalk with osteoblast lineage cells. Most importantly, we found that the manipulation of ECs in the aging animal can trigger the expansion of osteoprogenitors and thereby induce bone formation.
PROVEC will now systemically identify and characterize endothelial cell subpopulations, their gene expression and functional properties in the healthy, aging, diseased and regenerating skeletal system. Preclinical models will establish whether endothelial cells are involved in the response to therapeutic treatments aiming at osteoblasts or osteoclasts, or if the modulation of ECs alone is sufficient to generate beneficial effects. Finally, PROVEC will investigate whether cultured mouse and human ECs can be endowed with beneficial properties to enhance bone formation in 3D organoid cultures and after transplantation into mice, which will be monitored by imaging in living animals.
To achieve its ambitions aims, PROVEC will use a powerful combination of mouse genetics, disease models, genetic fate mapping, RNA-seq and single cell sequencing, computational biology, confocal and 2-photon microscopy, micro-CT imaging, pharmacological treatments, and cell biology methods to establish if and how vascular endothelial cells can be used to increase bone mineral density in preclinical models.
The successful completion of PROVEC would be highly relevant for diseases such as osteoporosis, which affects around 27.5 million patients in the EU, generates annual costs of about 37 billion Euros, and for which we currently lack appropriate treatments.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.004
|
The spider hemolymph clot proteome reveals high concentrations of hemocyanin and von Willebrand factor-like proteins
|
Arthropods include chelicerates, crustaceans, and insects that all have open circulation systems and thus require different properties of their coagulation system than vertebrates. Although the clotting reaction in the chelicerate horseshoe crab (Family: Limulidae) has been described in details, the overall protein composition of the resulting clot has not been analyzed for any of the chelicerates. The largest class among the chelicerates is the arachnids, which includes spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions. Here, we use a mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the spider hemolymph clot proteome from the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula, Acanthoscurria geniculata. We focused on the insoluble part of the clot and demonstrated high concentrations of proteins homologous to the hemostasis-related and multimerization-prone von Willebrand factor. These proteins, which include hemolectins and vitellogenin homologous, were previously identified as essential components of the hemolymph clot in crustaceans and insects. Their presence in the spider hemolymph clot suggests that the origin of these proteins' function in coagulation predates the split between chelicerates and mandibulata. The clot proteome reveals that the major proteinaceous component is the oxygen-transporting and phenoloxidase-displaying abundant hemolymph protein hemocyanin, suggesting that this protein also plays a role in clot biology. Furthermore, quantification of the peptidome after coagulation revealed the simultaneous activation of both the innate immune system and the coagulation system. In general, many of the identified clot-proteins are related to the innate immune system, and our results support the previously suggested crosstalk between immunity and coagulation in arthropods.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
Q4868695
|
TRANSICIÓN A 4.0
|
PROPÓSITO: OBJETIVOS DE TRANSICIÓN DIGITAL: — INTEGRACIÓN DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DIGITALES EN LOS PROCESOS DE PRODUCCIÓN: INTERVENCIONES FUNCIONALES PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DIGITALES EN EL CICLO DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL OBJETIVO DE LA EMPRESA: OBJETIVOS DE SEGURIDAD: — AUMENTAR LA SEGURIDAD DE LOS TRABAJADORES, CLIENTES/USUARIOS Y PROVEEDORES: INTERVENCIONES FUNCIONALES PARA MEJORAR LAS CONDICIONES DE SEGURIDAD EN EL LUGAR DE TRABAJO, QUE REDUCEN EL RIESGO DE ACCIDENTES, EN PARTICULAR PROPORCIONANDO SOLUCIONES PARA CONTENER LA EMERGENCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DERIVADA DE LA COVID-19
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1177/1465116519841706
|
How Media Shape Political Trust News Coverage Of Immigration And Its Effects On Trust In The European Union
|
Attitudes towards immigration are among the core predictors of attitudes toward the European Union. However, even though most citizens learn about immigration through the media, we lack a comprehen. . .
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
260764
|
RNA-mediated virulence gene regulation: Identification of novel antibacterial compounds
|
All kingdoms possess a large fraction of RNA-based regulation. We identified several small non-coding regulatory RNAs (ncRNAs) in the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes that controlled virulence by a direct RNA:RNA interaction. My group have also identified several 5´-untranslated RNAs (5´-UTRs) known to control expression of their downstream mRNA by a switch mechanism triggered by certain metabolites, specific compartments of the host or by different temperatures.
In the suggested project, we will analyze the mechanism by how various RNA-species function on a molecular level by biochemical and genetic approaches. By constructing mutations (deletion and base-substitutions), the role of the regulatory RNAs and their targets during pathogenesis will be pin-pointed using different virulence model organisms. For 5´-UTRs binding specific metabolites, we will add non-metabolic analogs to examine if such molecules can block the function of the 5´-UTRs and hence infection. The core structure of one identified ncRNA will be used as a scaffold to develop an RNA interference system in bacteria.
At least one RNA-helicase has been shown to be essential for bacterial motility and growth at 4°C. It is being purified to test its in vitro properties at mRNA targets and at different temperatures. Its in vivo role will be analyzed by genetic techniques.
Bacterial resistance against different antibiotics is an increasing problem worldwide. We have identified one pyridine molecule specifically targeting listerial virulence gene expression and its mechanism of action will be revealed by genetic and biochemical techniques. A diffusible, although yet unknown molecule, with bacteriostatic activity was observed and its nature and mechanism will be revealed mainly by biochemical experiments.
Our work will give important knowledge of how the bacterium uses RNA to sense its surroundings, but will also identifiy new types of antibacterial agents.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
W125821117
|
A Method to Isolate, Purify, and Characterize Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
|
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a unique population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which demonstrate the capacity to generate cementum- and periodontal ligament-like structures in vivo. As such, PDLSCs represent a promising cell-based therapy in reconstructive dentistry for the treatment of periodontal disease. The present chapter describes two methods for isolating PDLSCs from human PDL tissue including traditional plastic adherence and immunomagnetic selection based on the expression of MSC-associated surface markers STRO-1 antigen, CD146 (MUC-18), CD29 (integrin beta-1), CD44, and CD106 (VCAM-1). Although no single antibody demonstrates specificity for MSCs, isolation based on the expression of individual markers results in homogeneous preparations of PDLSCs. Methods to further characterize the immunophenotype and multipotent capacity of PDLSCs to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblast- and cementoblast-like cells in vitro, and cementum- and periodontal ligament-like tissues in vivo are also described.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1007/s00412-013-0417-x
|
The diverse functional LINCs of the nuclear envelope to the cytoskeleton and chromatin
|
The nuclear envelope (NE) is connected to the different types of cytoskeletal elements by linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. LINC complexes exist from yeast to humans, and have preserved their general architecture throughout evolution. They are composed of SUN and KASH domain proteins of the inner and the outer nuclear membrane, respectively. These SUN-KASH bridges are used for the transmission of forces across the NE and support diverse biological processes. Here, we review the function of SUN and KASH domain proteins in various unicellular and multicellular species. Specifically, we discuss their influence on nuclear morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Further, emphasis is given on the role of LINC complexes in nuclear anchorage and migration as well as in genome organization.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1007/978-1-4939-0470-9_5
|
Photocontrol Of Ampa Receptors With A Photochromic Ligand
|
Photochromic ligands (PCLs), recently introduced by our group as a tool for researchers in neuroscience, offer the ability to control native receptors with light in a reversible fashion without the need for any genetic manipulation. Here we describe the application of the PCL Azo-Tetrazole-AMPA-3 (ATA-3) to reversibly gate native AMPA-receptors with blue light and thereby control the activity of cortical neurons in brain slices.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
3739371
|
Identification and functional validation of novel enhancer sequences involved in pituitary gland development and pathology
|
There is a fundamental gap in understanding how the GPR101 gene regulates human growth in physiological and pathological conditions. Children’s growth is remarkably clinical relevant and is an important indicator of their health and general well-being. The specific objective of this proposal is to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying GPR101 overexpression in the pituitary tumors of children with GPR101 duplications causing X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG).
My central hypothesis is that GPR101 duplications disrupt the structure of the local chromatin, leading to the creation of a new chromatin domain where de novo enhancer-promoter interactions take place, causing abnormal GPR101 expression. This hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims:
1. Elucidate the transcriptional regulation of GPR101 in normal and pathological conditions
2. Identify and functionally characterize novel pituitary-specific enhancer sequences
3. Investigate these regulatory sequences in patients with different pituitary pathologies.
To achieve aim 1) I will perform an in vitro functional characterization of GPR101 promoter: promoter activity will be studied by luciferase-based reporter assays, by conducting a methylation analysis, and by determining its accessibility to transcription factors.
To achieve aim 2) I will validate my preliminary results showing the formation of a novel chromatin domain by 4C-Seq. Four putative enhancer sequences located within the duplicated GPR10 region and identified in silico will be functionally evaluated in vitro to establish their impact on transcriptional activity. To identify novel pituitary-specific enhancers, a whole-genome profile of enhancer-specific histone marks will be performed in normal and tumoral pituitary cells by ChIP-Seq.
To achieve aim 3) I will screen patients with different pituitary disorders for mutations (Sanger sequencing) and structural variations (CNV assays) in the functionally-verified enhancers.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
DE 2005000163 W
|
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STACKS OF PLATES, ESPECIALLY COOLERS OR COOLER ELEMENTS COMPOSED OF STACKS OF PLATES
|
The invention relates to a method for producing stacks of plates, especially for producing coolers, cooling elements, or heat sinks which are composed of at least one stack of plates and are used for electric and/or optoelectric components.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1145/3197517.3201375
|
Integer Only Cross Field Computation
|
We propose a new iterative algorithm for computing smooth cross fields on triangle meshes that is simple, easily parallelizable on the GPU, and finds solutions with lower energy and fewer cone singularities than state-of-the-art methods. Our approach is based on a formal equivalence, which we prove, between two formulations of the optimization problem. This equivalence allows us to eliminate the real variables and design an efficient grid search algorithm for the cone singularities. We leverage a recent graph-theoretical approximation of the resistance distance matrix of the triangle mesh to speed up the computation and enable a trade-off between the computation time and the smoothness of the output.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.101.161107
|
Revealing Hund's multiplets in Mott insulators under strong electric fields
|
We investigate the strong-field dynamics of a paramagnetic two-band Mott insulator using real-time dynamical mean-field theory. We demonstrate that strong electric fields can lead to a transient localization of electrons. This nonequilibrium quantum effect allows us to reveal specific signatures of local correlations in the time-resolved photoemission spectrum. In particular, we demonstrate that the localization can be strong enough to produce atomiclike spin multiplets determined by the Hund's coupling J, and thus provide a way of measuring J inside the solid. Our simulation also fully incorporates nonlinear field-induced tunneling processes, which would lead to a dielectric breakdown in the steady state limit. A careful analysis of these processes, however, shows that they remain weak enough and do not prevent the measurement of the transiently localized spectra.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W4220652264
|
LABKIT: Labeling and Segmentation Toolkit for Big Image Data
|
We present LABKIT, a user-friendly Fiji plugin for the segmentation of microscopy image data. It offers easy to use manual and automated image segmentation routines that can be rapidly applied to single- and multi-channel images as well as to timelapse movies in 2D or 3D. LABKIT is specifically designed to work efficiently on big image data and enables users of consumer laptops to conveniently work with multiple-terabyte images. This efficiency is achieved by using ImgLib2 and BigDataViewer as well as a memory efficient and fast implementation of the random forest based pixel classification algorithm as the foundation of our software. Optionally we harness the power of graphics processing units (GPU) to gain additional runtime performance. LABKIT is easy to install on virtually all laptops and workstations. Additionally, LABKIT is compatible with high performance computing (HPC) clusters for distributed processing of big image data. The ability to use pixel classifiers trained in LABKIT via the ImageJ macro language enables our users to integrate this functionality as a processing step in automated image processing workflows. Finally, LABKIT comes with rich online resources such as tutorials and examples that will help users to familiarize themselves with available features and how to best use LABKIT in a number of practical real-world use-cases.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1928122875
|
Simultaneous release of peptides and phenolics with antioxidant, ACE-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities from pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. pinto) proteins by subtilisins
|
Abstract Production of novel functional ingredients from legume proteins is a valuable strategy to boost their food use and intake. Aimed at a better exploitation of the functional properties of pinto bean hydrolysates, the effectiveness of two subtilisins (Alcalase and Savinase) for the simultaneous release of bioactive peptides and phenolics with antioxidant, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities was investigated. A higher proteolytic efficiency was observed for Alcalase that increased the concentration of small peptides in hydrolysates after 120 min. Savinase improved hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoid contents in hydrolysates after 90 min due to its higher esterase activity. The most active hydrolysates combined potent free radical scavenging (326–348 mmol TE/g), ACE inhibitory (IC 50 = 0.22–0.26 mg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (28–16% inhibition) activities. Peptide characterization of active hydrolysates confirmed the presence of bioactive fragments derived from phaseolin. These results evidence the promising potential of pinto bean hydrolysates as functional ingredients in the design of healthy foods.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
W3081337296
|
Disruptive space telescope concepts, designs, and developments: OASIS and Nautilus -INVITED
|
Two disruptive space telescope concepts are being designed and developed at the University of Arizona; these are the 20-meter OASIS (Orbiting Astronomical Satellite for Investigating Stellar Systems) and 8.5-meter Nautilus. OASIS combines break-through inflatable aperture and adaptive optics techniques to realize the dream of a 20 + meter class spaceborne terahertz/far-infrared telescope. In the Nautilus visible/near-infrared telescope concept, conventional primary mirrors are replaced by an ~8.5-meter MODE (Multi-order diffractive engineered) lens with 10 times lower areal density and up to 100 times lower mis-alignment sensitivity over traditional systems, enabling large-diameter optical space telescopes. The OASIS and Nautilus concepts have the potential to greatly reduce mission costs and risks compared to the current state of the art.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2412272285
|
Flavor SU (3) properties of beauty tetraquark states with three different light quarks
|
Beauty tetraquark states $X(\bar b q'q'' \bar q )$ composed of $ \bar b s u \bar d$, $\bar b d s \bar u$, and $\bar b u d \bar s$, are unique that all the four valence quarks are different. Although the claim of existence of the first two states by D0 was not confirmed by data from LHCb, the possibility of such states still generated a lot of interests and should be pursued further. Non-observation of $X(\bar b q'q'' \bar q )$ states by LHCb may be just due to a still lower production rate than the limit of LHCb or at some different mass ranges. In this work we use light quark $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry as guideline to classify symmetry properties of beauty tetraquark states. The multiplets which contain states with three different light quarks must be one of ${\bf \bar 6}$ or ${\bf 15}$ of $SU(3)$ representations. We study possible decays of such a tetraquark state into a $B$ meson and a light pesudoscalar octet meson by constructing a leading order chiral Lagrangian, and also provide search strategies to determine whether a given tetraquark state of this type belongs to ${\bf \bar 6}$ or ${\bf 15}$. If $X(\bar b q'q''\bar q )$ belongs to ${\bf 15}$, there are new doubly charged tetraquark states $\bar b u u \bar d$ and $\bar b u u \bar s$.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1109/TWC.2018.2813363
|
Control Data Separation With Decentralized Edge Control In Fog Assisted Uplink Communications
|
Fog-aided network architectures for 5G systems encompass wireless edge nodes, referred to as remote radio systems (RRSs), as well as remote cloud center (RCC) processors, which are connected to the RRSs via a fronthaul access network. RRSs and RCC are operated via network functions virtualization, enabling a flexible split of network functionalities that adapts to network parameters such as fronthaul latency and capacity. This paper focuses on uplink communications and investigates the cloud-edge allocation of two important network functions, namely, the control functionality of rate selection and the data-plane function of decoding. Three functional splits are considered: 1) distributed radio access network, in which both functions are implemented in a decentralized way at the RRSs; 2) cloud RAN, in which instead both functions are carried out centrally at the RCC; and 3) a new functional split, referred to as fog RAN (F-RAN), with separate decentralized edge control and centralized cloud data processing. The model under study consists of a time-varying uplink channel with fixed scheduling and cell association in which the RCC has global but delayed channel state information due to fronthaul latency, while the RRSs have local but more timely CSI. Using the adaptive sum-rate as the performance criterion, it is concluded that the F-RAN architecture can provide significant gains in the presence of user mobility.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01802
|
Relaxation dynamics and genuine properties of the solvated electron in neutral water Clusters
|
We have investigated the solvation dynamics and the genuine binding energy and photoemission anisotropy of the solvated electron in neutral water clusters with a combination of time-resolved photoelectron velocity map imaging and electron scattering simulations. The dynamics was probed with a UV probe pulse following above-band-gap excitation by an EUV pump pulse. The solvation dynamics is completed within about 2 ps. Only a single band is observed in the spectra, with no indication for isomers with distinct binding energies. Data analysis with an electron scattering model reveals a genuine binding energy in the range of 3. 55-3. 85 eV and a genuine anisotropy parameter in the range of 0. 51-0. 66 for the ground-state hydrated electron. All of these observations coincide with those for liquid bulk, which is rather unexpected for an average cluster size of 300 molecules.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00893
|
Nonadiabatic Electron Dynamics in Tunneling Junctions: Lattice Exchange-Correlation Potential
|
The search for exchange-correlation functionals going beyond the adiabatic approximation has always been a challenging task for time-dependent density-functional theory. Starting from known results and using symmetry properties, we put forward a nonadiabatic exchange-correlation functional for lattice models describing a generic transport setup. We show that this functional reduces to known results for a single quantum dot connected to one or two reservoirs and furthermore yields the adiabatic local-density approximation in the static limit. Finally, we analyze the features of the exchange-correlation potential and the physics it describes in a linear chain connected to two reservoirs where the transport is induced by a bias voltage applied to the reservoirs. We find that the Coulomb blockade is correctly described for a half-filled chain, while additional effects arise as the doping of the chain changes.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
EP 0203199 W
|
METHOD FOR OPERATING A PROGRAM-CONTROLLED HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE
|
The invention relates to a household appliance whereby the selected operating language is simple to use. The programs which can be activated take into account the special characteristics of specific languages. The household appliance comprises a display unit (4) which displays all information in a simple language. The selected language, the selected programming of the household appliance, the selected additional functions in addition to error messages are shown on the display unit so that operational mistakes are basically prevented.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1017/jfm.2018.120
|
Mechanisms of dispersion in a porous medium
|
This paper studies the mechanisms of dispersion in the laminar flow through the pore space of a three-dimensional porous medium. We focus on preasymptotic transport prior to the asymptotic hydrodynamic dispersion regime, in which solute motion may be described by the average flow velocity and a hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient. High-performance numerical flow and transport simulations of solute breakthrough at the outlet of a sand-like porous medium evidence marked deviations from the hydrodynamic dispersion paradigm and identify two distinct regimes. The first regime is characterised by a broad distribution of advective residence times in single pores. The second regime is characterised by diffusive mass transfer into low-velocity regions in the wake of solid grains. These mechanisms are quantified systematically in the framework of a time-domain random walk for the motion of marked elements (particles) of the transported material quantity. Particle transitions occur over the length scale imprinted in the pore structure at random times given by heterogeneous advection and diffusion. Under globally advection-dominated conditions, i. e. , Péclet numbers larger than 1, particles sample the intrapore velocities by diffusion and the interpore velocities through advection. Thus, for a single transition, particle velocities are approximated by the mean pore velocity. In order to quantify this advection mechanism, we develop a model for the statistics of the Eulerian velocity magnitude based on Poiseuille’s law for flow through a single pore and for the distribution of mean pore velocities, both of which are linked to the distribution of pore diameters. Diffusion across streamlines through immobile zones in the wake of solid grains gives rise to exponentially distributed residence times that decay on the diffusion time over the pore length. The trapping rate is determined by the inverse diffusion time. This trapping mechanism is represented by a compound Poisson process conditioned on the advective residence time in the proposed time-domain random walk approach. The model is parameterised with the characteristics of the porous medium under consideration and captures both preasymptotic regimes. Macroscale transport is described by an integro-differential equation for solute concentration, whose memory kernels are given in terms of the distribution of mean pore velocities and trapping times. This approach quantifies the physical non-equilibrium caused by a broad distribution of mass transfer time scales, both advective and diffusive, on the representative elementary volume (REV). Thus, while the REV indicates the scale at which medium properties like porosity can be uniquely defined, this does not imply that transport can be characterised by hydrodynamic dispersion.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W4210859086
|
Diagnóstico sobre rumorología en relación a las personas migrantes y la diversidad cultural en San Cristóbal de La Laguna (2021)
|
cualquier procedimiento, siempre y cuando se cite su autoría.Estrategia para prevenir el racismo y la xenofobia en el municipio de San Cristóbal de La Laguna Marco conceptualEl Proyecto Antirumores La Laguna se desarrolla teniendo en cuenta al conjunto de la comunidad lagunera y, por este motivo, no centra su investigación únicamente con las personas que se muestran claramente racistas, xenófobas o que albergan discursos de odio, sino con la ciudadanía general, los recursos técnicos y las personas con representación institucional, donde en muchas ocasiones se pueden difundir rumores de manera inconsciente y asociado a las personas migrantes, entendiendo los rumores como un punto de partida para alimentar discursos racistas y xenófobos.Para poder tener una visión más amplia, se considera imprescindible en esta investigación profundizar en el entendimiento de conceptos como son los estereotipos, los prejuicios y la discriminación y, cómo estos, se relacionan con los rumores.Con este objetivo, se ha consultado el Manual Antirumores (Consejo de Europa, 2018)Según la definición de Allport y Postman (1947), un rumor es una proposición específica de una creencia, que suele transmitirse entre personas por el boca a boca, sin que exista una evidencia fiable, pero que, sin embargo, es recibido como cierto.Se difunden de una persona a otra sin que se demuestre su veracidad, es decir, tienen credibilidad no porque existan pruebas directas que los sostengan, sino porque hay muchas personas que los creen.Estos autores asimismo identificaron los dos factores principales que determinan la intensidad de un rumor.Por un lado, la importancia del hecho; y por otro, la ambigüedad del mismo.Un rumor se propaga cuando el hecho tiene importancia en la vida de las personas y cuando la información resulta incompleta o ambigua.Ni la ambigüedad, ni la importancia por sí solas, pueden sostener un rumor.Por lo que, el alcance, la duración y la intensidad del rumor, serán equivalentes a
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1007/s11244-017-0882-1
|
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Resistance and Structural Stability of Single Atom Alloys
|
Platinum group metals (PGMs) serve as highly active catalysts in a variety of heterogeneous chemical processes. Unfortunately, their high activity is accompanied by a high affinity for CO and thus, PGMs are susceptible to poisoning. Alloying PGMs with metals exhibiting lower affinity to CO could be an effective strategy toward preventing such poisoning. In this work, we use density functional theory to demonstrate this strategy, focusing on highly dilute alloys of PGMs (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir and Ni) with poison resistant coinage metal hosts (Cu, Ag, Au), such that individual PGM atoms are dispersed at the atomic limit forming single atom alloys (SAAs). We show that compared to the pure metals, CO exhibits lower binding strength on the majority of SAAs studied, and we use kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to obtain relevant temperature programed desorption spectra, which are found to be in good agreement with experiments. Additionally, we consider the effects of CO adsorption on the structure of SAAs. We calculate segregation energies which are indicative of the stability of dopant atoms in the bulk compared to the surface layer, as well as aggregation energies to determine the stability of isolated surface dopant atoms compared to dimer and trimer configurations. Our calculations reveal that CO adsorption induces dopant atom segregation into the surface layer for all SAAs considered here, whereas aggregation and island formation may be promoted or inhibited depending on alloy constitution and CO coverage. This observation suggests the possibility of controlling ensemble effects in novel catalyst architectures through CO-induced aggregation and kinetic trapping.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.071
|
Optineurin Negatively Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation by Modulating NF-κB and Interferon Signaling: Implications for Paget's Disease
|
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common disease characterized by osteoclast activation that leads to various skeletal complications. Susceptibility to PDB is mediated by a common variant at the optineurin (OPTN) locus, which is associated with reduced levels of mRNA. However, it is unclear how this leads to the development of PDB. Here, we show that OPTN acts as a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation in vitro and that mice with a loss-of-function mutation in Optn have increased osteoclast activity and bone turnover. Osteoclasts derived from Optn mutant mice have an increase in NF-κB activation and a reduction in interferon beta expression in response to RANKL when compared to wild-type mice. These studies identify OPTN as a regulator of bone resorption and are consistent with a model whereby genetically determined reductions in OPTN expression predispose to PDB by enhancing osteoclast differentiation. Using mouse models, Obaid et al. identify a role of optineurin in bone metabolism as a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation. Loss of optineurin function leads to increased bone turnover in mice, suggesting a mechanism by which genetic variants in optineurin predispose to Paget's disease of bone.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
EP 2010001300 W
|
AROMATIC 2-BROMO-2,2-DICHLOROETHYL COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
|
The present invention relates to novel aromatic 2-bromo-2,2-dichloroethyl compounds of the formula (V), in which Ar has the above meaning, and to methods for the production thereof.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/6
|
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample Ii Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Results Integrated Properties And Trends
|
We report new results regarding the Ly alpha output of galaxies, derived from the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample, and focused on Hubble Space Telescope imaging. For 14 galaxies we present intensity images in Ly alpha, H alpha, and UV, and maps of H alpha/H beta, Ly alpha equivalent width (EW), and Ly alpha/H alpha. We present Ly alpha and UV radial light profiles and show they are well-fitted by Sersic profiles, but Ly alpha profiles show indices systematically lower than those of the UV (n approximate to 1-2 instead of greater than or similar to 4). This reveals a general lack of the central concentration in Ly alpha that is ubiquitous in the UV. Photometric growth curves increase more slowly for Ly alpha than the far ultraviolet, showing that small apertures may underestimate the EW. For most galaxies, however, flux and EW curves flatten by radii approximate to 10 kpc, suggesting that if placed at high-z only a few of our galaxies would suffer from large flux losses. We compute global properties of the sample in large apertures, and show total Ly alpha luminosities to be independent of all other quantities. Normalized Ly alpha throughput, however, shows significant correlations: escape is found to be higher in galaxies of lower star formation rate, dust content, mass, and nebular quantities that suggest harder ionizing continuum and lower metallicity. Six galaxies would be selected as high-z Ly alpha emitters, based upon their luminosity and EW. We discuss the results in the context of high-z Ly alpha and UV samples. A few galaxies have EWs above 50 angstrom, and one shows f(esc)(Ly alpha) of 80%; such objects have not previously been reported at low-z.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
644045
|
Rubber & elastomer development for martian environment applications
|
While imagining future Martian exploration and colonization one mustn’t forget about new materials assuring required performance and resistance to the harsh Martian conditions. One of the most unique materials used in engineering is rubber, providing both elastic and damping properties. Currently, the rubber used on Earth exhibit too low resistance against Martian environment. This project aims to overcome this issue by designing rubber withstanding harsh Martian conditions (presence of radiation and low operating temperature). This tailor-made rubber will have a low glass transition temperature (elasticity at low temperatures), contain functional and self-healing groups (radiation resistance) and reinforcing fillers for good mechanical properties (operational performance). For a sustainable approach, the use of local materials will be investigated by synthesizing reinforcing silica from Martian regolith, and the recyclability will be optimized to extend the utilization time of the materials. My background in designing versatile rubber materials for special applications and being familiar with extra-terrestrial conditions in the Solar system allows me to carry out successfully this MSCA IG Global Fellowship, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Anke Blume and Dr. Wilma Dierkes hosted at University of Twente (UT), in one of the leading rubber groups in the world: Elastomer Technology and Engineering (ETE). The outgoing phase will be done at the University of Akron (UA) for 24 months under supervision of Dr. Li Jia. UA has a long experience in rubber education (since 1909) and is cooperating with the Glenn Research Center of NASA. Short scientific visits are also planned to perform radiation resistance measurements and prototype rubber testing.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
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