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10.1039/C8CY00681D
|
Z Selective Alkyne Semi Hydrogenation Catalysed By Piano Stool N Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes
|
NHC iron(II) piano-stool complexes catalyse the selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes using silanes as reducing agents. Aromatic terminal alkynes are converted to styrenes without over-reduction to ethylbenzene derivatives. Furthermore, internal aryl alkynes afford cis-alkenes with excellent Z-selectivity.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
AU 2016/051130 W
|
MULTI-SCHEME PAYMENT MOBILE DEVICE AND SYSTEM
|
A mobile electronic device is configured to perform an intended purpose and further configured to effect a financial transaction in addition to the intended purpose. The device includes a first group of electronic circuits configured to facilitate the performing of the intended purpose; and a second group of electronic circuits configured to effect the financial transaction. The first group of electronic circuits is communicatively isolated from the second group of electronic circuits.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W293912245
|
Relations between coping skills and situational efficacy in young female volleyball players.
|
A sample of 180 junior female Croatian volleyball players and younger took part in the measurement of their psychological skills, performed by applying the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). Regarding team ranking in the competition and player quality within the team, all the participants were divided into 5 groups of different situational efficacy. In order to determine the differences in the level of psychological coping skills between the groups of players, a one-way ANOVA and discriminant analysis were performed. It was determined that the most successful players had the strongest selfconfidence and motivation, and that they were additionally characterized by the ability of good performance under pressure. The least successful players were characterized by constant worry about performing poorly or making mistakes, and concern with what other people would think about them if they do happen to make a mistake.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04924
|
Gold Nanorod-Based Engineered Cardiac Patch for Suture-Free Engraftment by Near IR
|
Although cardiac patches hold a promise for repairing the infarcted heart, their integration with the myocardium by sutures may cause further damage to the diseased organ. To address this issue, we developed facile and safe, suture-free technology for the attachment of engineered tissues to organs. Here, nanocomposite scaffolds comprised of albumin electrospun fibers and gold nanorods (AuNRs) were developed. Cardiac cells were seeded within the scaffolds and assembled into a functioning patch. The engineered tissue was then positioned on the myocardium and irradiated with a near IR laser (808 nm). The AuNRs were able to absorb the light and convert it to thermal energy, which locally changed the molecular structure of the fibrous scaffold, and strongly, but safely, attached it to the wall of the heart. Such hybrid biomaterials can be used in the future to integrate any engineered tissue with any defected organs, while minimizing the risk of additional injury for the patient, caused by the conventional stitching methods.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevA.95.011601
|
Exact out-of-time-ordered correlation functions for an interacting lattice fermion model
|
Exact solutions for local equilibrium and nonequilibrium out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) functions are obtained for a lattice fermion model with on-site interactions, namely, the Falicov-Kimball (FK) model, in the large dimensional and thermodynamic limit. Our approach is based on the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory generalized to an extended Kadanoff-Baym contour. We find that the density-density OTOC is most enhanced at intermediate coupling around the metal-insulator phase transition. In the high-temperature limit, the OTOC remains nontrivially finite and interaction dependent, even though dynamical charge correlations probed by an ordinary response function are completely suppressed. We propose an experiment to measure OTOCs of fermionic lattice systems including the FK and Hubbard models in ultracold atomic systems.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
CA 2608756 A
|
METHOD AND DEVICE
|
The present invention relates to a method for controlling a rock drilling process, in which an impulse-generating device comprising an impact element transmits a shock wave to a tool connected to the impulse-generating device, whereby a portion of the energy of the shock wave is transmitted to the rock by means of the tool and a portion of the energy of the shock wave is reflected and brought back to the impulse-generating device as reflected energy. The method comprises steps of generating at least one parameter valu e representing the reflected energy, and regulating the interaction of said impact element with said tool at least partially based on said value or valu es to control the rise time and/or length of said shock wave. The invention als o relates to a regulation device, an impulse-generating device and a drilling rigg.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.3389/fimmu.2017.00449
|
Clinical and molecular heterogeneity of RTEL1 deficiency
|
Typical features of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) resulting from excessive telomere shortening include bone marrow failure (BMF), mucosal fragility, and pulmonary or liver fibrosis. In more severe cases, immune deficiency and recurring infections can add to disease severity. RTEL1 deficiency has recently been described as a major genetic etiology, but the molecular basis and clinical consequences of RTEL1-associated DC are incompletely characterized. We report our observations in a cohort of six patients: five with novel biallelic RTEL1 mutations p. Trp456Cys, p. Ile425Thr, p. Cys1244ProfsX17, p. Pro884_Gln885ins53X13, and one with novel heterozygous mutation p. Val796AlafsX4. The most unifying features were hypocellular BMF in 6/6 and B-/NK-cell lymphopenia in 5/6 patients. In addition, three patients with homozygous mutations p. Trp456Cys or p. Ile425Thr also suffered from immunodeficiency, cerebellar hypoplasia, and enteropathy, consistent with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. Chromosomal breakage resembling a homologous recombination defect was detected in patient-derived fibroblasts but not in hematopoietic compartment. Notably, in both cellular compartments, differential expression of 1243aa and 1219/1300aa RTEL1 isoforms was observed. In fibroblasts, response to ionizing irradiation and non-homologous end joining were not impaired. Telomeric circles did not accumulate in patient-derived primary cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines, implying alternative pathomechanisms for telomeric loss. Overall, RTEL1-deficient cells exhibited a phenotype of replicative exhaustion, spontaneous apoptosis and senescence. Specifically, CD34+ cells failed to expand in vitro, B-cell development was compromised, and T-cells did not proliferate in long-term culture. Finally, we report on the natural history and outcome of our patients. While two patients died from infections, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) resulted in sustained engraftment in two patients. Whether chemotherapy negatively impacts on the course and onset of other DC-related symptoms remains open at present. Early-onset lung disease occurred in one of our patients after HSCT. In conclusion, RTEL deficiency can show a heterogeneous clinical picture ranging from mild hypocellular BMF with B/NK cell lymphopenia to early-onset, very severe, and rapidly progressing cellular deficiency.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.006
|
Diversity of membrane transport proteins for vitamins in bacteria and archaea
|
Background All organisms use cofactors to extend the catalytic capacities of proteins. Many bacteria and archaea can synthesize cofactors from primary metabolites, but there are also prokaryotes that do not have the complete biosynthetic pathways for all essential cofactors. These organisms are dependent on the uptake of cofactors, or at least their precursors that cannot be synthesized, from the environment. Even in those organisms that contain complete biosynthetic pathways membrane transporters are usually present, because the synthesis of cofactors is more costly than uptake. Scope of review Here we give an overview of bacterial and archaeal transport systems for B-type vitamins, which are either cofactors or precursors thereof. Major conclusions Prokaryotic vitamin transporters are extremely diverse, and found in many families of transporters. A few of these transport systems have been characterized in detail, but for most of them mechanistic insight is lacking. General significance The lack of structural and functional understanding of bacterial vitamin transporters is unfortunate because they may be targets for new antibiotics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Structural biochemistry and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Bjorn Pedersen.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
227769
|
Failure and Fluid Flow in Porous Quasibrittle Materials
|
This project focuses on fluid flow in porous materials with evolving microstructure in the context of civil engineering applications and geomechanics. When the distribution of cracks and the distribution of pore size evolve in concrete and rocks, the influence on the permeability in the case of a single or a multiphase fluid flow needs some in depth investigation. A recent review of state of the art in modelling progressive mechanical breakdown and associated fluid flow in heterogeneous rock shows that little is known on the coupled effects between micro cracking and the intrinsic permeability of a solid phase. The present project intends to tackle this relationship between mechanical breakdown and associated fluid flow in the context of poromechanics extended to non local modelling. In particular, we will investigate how the internal length which plays a pivotal role at the inception and propagation of material failure may interact with the permeability, what enhanced Darcy-like relationship might be derived in order to apprehend such effects and how to model fluid flow in tight porous materials. The models will be extended to complex and multicomponent systems reproducing as closely as possible the behaviour of real fluids in order to understand and to describe the thermodynamical behaviour due to confinement such as modification of phase transitions and capillary condensation. The principal investigator of this project is a specialist in the field of continuum damage mechanics, failure due to strain and damage localisation. He has been the founder and among the major promoters of non local damage modelling, which is today a state of the art model in computational structural failure analyses. After a decade of research on durability problems for which he was elected at Institut Universitaire de France, his research interests recently turned toward petroleum engineering, the focus of the research team he joined two years ago at université de Pau.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.022
|
An Id2<sup>RFP</sup>-Reporter Mouse Redefines Innate Lymphoid Cell Precursor Potentials
|
Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development proposes that ILC precursors (ILCPs) segregate along natural killer (NK) cell versus helper cell (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3) pathways, the latter depending on expression of Id2, Zbtb16, and Gata3. We have developed an Id2-reporter strain expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the context of normal Id2 expression to re-examine ILCP phenotype and function. We show that bone-marrow ILCPs were heterogeneous and harbored extensive NK-cell potential in vivo and in vitro. By multiplexing Id2RFP with Zbtb16CreGFP and Bcl11btdTomato strains, we made a single-cell dissection of the ILCP compartment. In contrast with the current model, we have demonstrated that Id2+Zbtb16+ ILCPs included multi-potent ILCPs that retained NK-cell potential. Late-stage ILC2P and ILC3P compartments could be defined by differential Zbtb16 and Bcl11b expression. We suggest a revised model for ILC differentiation that redefines the cell-fate potential of helper-ILC-restricted Zbtb16+ ILCPs.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.007
|
Pharmacological and physical vessel modulation strategies to improve EPR-mediated drug targeting to tumors
|
The performance of nanomedicine formulations depends on the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Prototypic nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, polymers and micelles, aim to exploit the EPR effect to accumulate at pathological sites, to thereby improve the balance between drug efficacy and toxicity. Thus far, however, tumor-targeted nanomedicines have not yet managed to achieve convincing therapeutic results, at least not in large cohorts of patients. This is likely mostly due to high inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity in EPR. Besides developing (imaging) biomarkers to monitor and predict EPR, another strategy to address this heterogeneity is the establishment of vessel modulation strategies to homogenize and improve EPR. Over the years, several pharmacological and physical co-treatments have been evaluated to improve EPR-mediated tumor targeting. These include pharmacological strategies, such as vessel permeabilization, normalization, disruption and promotion, as well as physical EPR enhancement via hyperthermia, radiotherapy, sonoporation and phototherapy. In the present manuscript, we summarize exemplary studies showing that pharmacological and physical vessel modulation strategies can be used to improve tumor-targeted drug delivery, and we discuss how these advanced combination regimens can be optimally employed to enhance the (pre-) clinical performance of tumor-targeted nanomedicines.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1556/JFC-D-13-00032
|
Visible Light Photocatalytic Metal Free Perfluoroalkylation Of Heteroarenes In Continuous Flow
|
A visible light photocatalytic metal-free perfluoroalkylation method for the functionalization of heteroarenes in continuous flow was developed. Eosin Y was the most efficient photocatalyst with regard to substrate scope, reaction time and cost prize. Faster reaction times were observed in continuous flow compared to batch due to an improved irradiation of the reaction mixture on a microscale. Several pyrroles and indoles were perfluoroalkylated within 30 min residence time (six examples). The trifluoromethylation of pyrroles and indoles was achieved by using a gas–liquid flow with CF3I as a cheap CF3 source (three examples).
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1039/c0cc03071f
|
Ligand influence in the selective gold-mediated synthesis of allenes
|
The use of [(IPr)AuOH] permits the generation of gold(i)-amine complexes by a silver-free protocol. These in situ or well-defined complexes are used in a straightforward synthetic route to substituted allenes from propargylic acetates. The catalytic activity can be modulated as a function of the nature of the ligand bound to the gold-NHC moiety.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
NZ 2021050143 W
|
A RESPIRATORY CONNECTOR ASSEMBLY AND RESPIRATORY SUPPORT SYSTEM
|
A respiratory support system having a flow source and a respiratory circuit. The respiratory circuit has a pressure relief valve and a tube assembly in fluid communication with the flow source and pressure relief valve. The respiratory circuit downstream of the pressure relief valve has a resistance to gas flow of 30 - 50 cmH2O at a selected gas flow rate.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.005
|
The brain-penetrant 5-HT<inf>7</inf> receptor agonist LP-211 reduces the sensory and affective components of neuropathic pain
|
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating pathological condition of high clinical relevance. Changes in neuronal excitability in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play a central role in the negative emotional and affective aspects of chronic pain. We evaluated the effects of LP-211, a new serotonin-receptor-type-7 (5-HT7R) agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier, on ACC neurons in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. LP-211 reduced synaptic integration in layer 5 pyramidal neurons, which was enhanced in neuropathic pain due to a dysfunction of dendritic hyperpolarization-activated-and-cyclic-nucleotide-regulated (HCN) channels. Acute injection of LP-211 had an analgesic effect, increasing the mechanical withdrawal threshold in neuropathic animals, which was partially mediated by an action in the ACC. Additionally, the acute application of LP-211 blocked the switch in the place escape/avoidance behavior induced by noxious stimuli. Thus systemic treatment with a 5-HT7R agonist leads to modulation of the ACC, which dampens sensory and affective aspects of chronic pain.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
650142
|
Scientific large-scale infrastructure for computing/communication experimental studies – starting community
|
Today we are experiencing the digital transformation happening with an unprecedented pace, with the community constantly researching on new solutions to support this transformation with ample computational power and connectivity. Towards addressing such research efforts, Research Infrastructure (RI) specific to addressing Digital Sciences research efforts have been deployed worldwide, towards trying to address key aspects contrary to off-the-shelf commercial infrastructure: 1) Full control over the parameters of an experiment, 2) Repeatable experiments regardless of the physical infrastructure, 3) Valid experimental results, which are easy to cross-reference and replicate. As such, several RIs have emerged, offering experimentation services with bleeding edge resources, that otherwise are only offered only in industrial R&D laboratories, with limited functionality. Towards combating these issues, SLICES Research Infrastructure is about to be deployed, aiming to provide high quality experimentation services with emerging technologies around the area of digital sciences (5G/6G, NFV, IoT and Cloud Computing), in an Internet-scale setup. With SLICES-SC, we aspire to foster the community of researchers around this ecosystem, create and strengthen necessary links with relevant industrial stakeholders for the exploitation of the infrastructure, advance existing methods for research reproducibility and experiment repeatability, and design and deploy the necessary solutions for providing SLICES-RI with an easy to access scheme for users from different disciplines. A set of detailed research activities has been designed to materialize these efforts in tools for providing transnational (remote and physical) access to the facility, as well as virtual access to the data produced over the facilities. The respective networking activities of the project aspire in fostering the community around these infrastructures, as well as open up to new disciplines and industrial stakeholders.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
SE 9000096 W
|
A CATERPILLAR-DRIVEN EXCAVATING MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH A SEPARATE WORKING TOOL
|
A caterpillar-driven excavating machine comprising an arrangement (9) manoeuvreably mounted on the under-carriage (4) and comprising a working tool (10), preferably a gripping tool (10), intended to grip around a post, and a control unit (14, 16) connected between the tool (10) and the machine. Figure 3 illustrates the arrangement (9) in a retracted, protected position for transport purposes. The distance setting of the tool (10) can be adjusted by extending a first part (14), with the aid of a hydraulic motor (12), and by advancing a second part (16) with the aid of a hydraulic piston-cylinder device. Lateral and height settings of the tool (10) are adjusted with the aid of a guide tube (17), two lateral control means (18) and two height control means (20) respectively, independently of the excavating function.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
W2015146698
|
Evaluating high risks in large-scale projects using an extended VIKOR method under a fuzzy environment
|
The complexity of large-scale projects has led to numerous risks in their life cycle. This paper presents a new risk evaluation approach in order to rank the high risks in large-scale projects and improve the performance of these projects. It is based on the fuzzy set theory that is an effective tool to handle uncertainty. It is also based on an extended VIKOR method that is one of the well-known multiple criteria decisionmaking (MCDM) methods. The proposed decision-making approach integrates knowledge and experience acquired from professional experts, since they perform the risk identification and also the subjective judgments of the performance rating for high risks in terms of conflicting criteria, including probability, impact, quickness of reaction toward risk, event measure quantity and event capability criteria. The most notable difference of the proposed VIKOR method with its traditional version is just the use of fuzzy decision-matrix data to calculate the ranking index without the need to ask the experts. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated with a real-case study in an Iranian power plant project, and the associated results are compared with two well-known decision-making methods under a fuzzy environment.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
10.1111/febs.13417
|
Reaction of pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris with its carbohydrate substrates
|
Monomeric Agaricus meleagris pyranose dehydrogenase (AmPDH) belongs to the glucose-methanol-choline family of oxidoreductases. An FAD cofactor is covalently tethered to His103 of the enzyme. AmPDH can double oxidize various mono- and oligosaccharides at different positions (C1 to C4). To study the structure/function relationship of selected active-site residues of AmPDH pertaining to substrate (carbohydrate) turnover in more detail, several active-site variants were generated, heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, and characterized by biochemical, biophysical and computational means. The crystal structure of AmPDH shows two active-site histidines, both of which could take on the role as the catalytic base in the reductive half-reaction. Steady-state kinetics revealed that His512 is the only catalytic base because H512A showed a reduction in (kcat/KM)glucose by a factor of 105, whereas this catalytic efficiency was reduced by two or three orders of magnitude for His556 variants (H556A, H556N). This was further corroborated by transient-state kinetics, where a comparable decrease in the reductive rate constant was observed for H556A, whereas the rate constant for the oxidative half-reaction (using benzoquinone as substrate) was increased for H556A compared to recombinant wild-type AmPDH. Steady-state kinetics furthermore indicated that Gln392, Tyr510, Val511 and His556 are important for the catalytic efficiency of PDH. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were used to predict d-glucose oxidation sites, which were validated by GC-MS measurements. These simulations also suggest that van der Waals interactions are the main driving force for substrate recognition and binding.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.127402
|
Terahertz Sum-Frequency Excitation of a Raman-Active Phonon
|
In stimulated Raman scattering, two incident optical waves induce a force oscillating at the difference of the two light frequencies. This process has enabled important applications such as the excitation and coherent control of phonons and magnons by femtosecond laser pulses. Here, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the so far neglected up-conversion counterpart of this process: THz sum-frequency excitation of a Raman-active phonon mode, which is tantamount to two-photon absorption by an optical transition between two adjacent vibrational levels. Coherent control of an optical lattice vibration of diamond is achieved by an intense terahertz pulse whose spectrum is centered at half the phonon frequency of 40 THz. Remarkably, the carrier-envelope phase of the THz pulse is directly transferred into the phase of the lattice vibration. New prospects in general infrared spectroscopy, action spectroscopy, and lattice trajectory control in the electronic ground state emerge.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
268688
|
Post-copulatory sexual selection in birds: sperm production, sperm selection and early development in birds
|
Sexual reproduction is one of the most fundamental of biological processes: (i) the creation of gametes, (ii) their fusion and (iii) the formation of a viable embryo are all shaped by a major evolutionary force: post-copulatory sexual selection comprising sperm competition and cryptic female choice. This project will make substantial advances in all three areas, using birds (mainly zebra finch) as model organisms. (i) Sperm size and shape: A major hypothesis for the enormous variation across species in the design of male gametes is that a trade-off exists between sperm size and number. We will test this, by estimating (for the first time) the energetic costs of making sperm. (ii) Sperm-female and sperm-egg interactions. We will establish, how sperm from different males interact within a female and will do this, uniquely, by using transgenic zebra finches whose sperm flagella are labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). This allows us to distinguish (in the oviduct and in ova) the sperm from GFP- and normal males and to visualise how they interact to generate last male sperm precedence. (iii) The genetic and environmental causes of embryo mortality. We will explore the environmental effects of temperature on embryo development and survival and consider the special case of brood parasites that expose their ova to elevated temperatures through ¿internal incubation¿. We will explore the genetic effects of DNA integrity, aneuploidy and compatibility on embryo survival. Together, these three interconnected strands will revolutionise the study of reproduction, answering the most outstanding questions in the field through a combination of novel techniques and novel hypotheses.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1029/2011GC003875
|
Global Oceanic Microseism Sources As Seen By Seismic Arrays And Predicted By Wave Action Models
|
We analyze global microseism excitation patterns between July 2000 and June 2001. Seismological observations are compared with modeling results to isolate robust activity features of relevant source processes. First, we use observations of microseism source locations estimated by Landes et al. (2010) based on array processing of ambient noise correlations. Second, we construct synthetic activity patterns by coupling sea state estimates derived from wave action models to the excitation theory for microseisms. The overall spatiotemporal evolution of both estimates is characterized by a seasonal character that is associated with strong activity during winter months. The distribution of landmass causes seasonal changes on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) to exceed the variability on the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Our systematic comparison of the two estimates reveals significant microseism excitation along coastlines and in the open ocean. Since coastal reflections are not accounted for in the modeling approach, the consistent mismatch between near-coastal observations and predictions suggests that relevant microseism energy arriving at the networks is generated in these areas. Simultaneously, systematic coincidence away from coastlines verifies the open ocean generation hypothesis. These conclusions are universal and robust with respect to the seismic network locations on the NH. The spatially homogeneous resolution of our synthetics provides a valuable resource for the assessment of the global microseism weather. Similar to previously identified hot spot areas in the North Atlantic, the modeled distributions hypothesize regions of strong localized activity on the SH, which are only partially confirmed by the analyzed data sets.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002353
|
Evolutionary Novelty in a Butterfly Wing Pattern through Enhancer Shuffling
|
An important goal in evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic changes underlying novel morphological structures. We investigated the origins of a complex wing pattern found among Amazonian Heliconius butterflies. Genome sequence data from 142 individuals across 17 species identified narrow regions associated with two distinct red colour pattern elements, dennis and ray. We hypothesise that these modules in non-coding sequence represent distinct cis-regulatory loci that control expression of the transcription factor optix, which in turn controls red pattern variation across Heliconius. Phylogenetic analysis of the two elements demonstrated that they have distinct evolutionary histories and that novel adaptive morphological variation was created by shuffling these cis-regulatory modules through recombination between divergent lineages. In addition, recombination of modules into different combinations within species further contributes to diversity. Analysis of the timing of diversification in these two regions supports the hypothesis of introgression moving regulatory modules between species, rather than shared ancestral variation. The dennis phenotype introgressed into Heliconius melpomene at about the same time that ray originated in this group, while ray introgressed back into H. elevatus much more recently. We show that shuffling of existing enhancer elements both within and between species provides a mechanism for rapid diversification and generation of novel morphological combinations during adaptive radiation.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1088/0953-4075/46/16/164033
|
Mesoscale Morphology Of Airborne Core Shell Nanoparticle Clusters X Ray Laser Coherent Diffraction Imaging
|
Unraveling the complex morphology of functional materials like core–shell nanoparticles and its evolution in different environments is still a challenge. Only recently has the single-particle coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), enabled by the ultrabright femtosecond free-electron laser pulses, provided breakthroughs in understanding mesoscopic morphology of nanoparticulate matter. Here, we report the first CDI results for Co@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles randomly clustered in large airborne aggregates, obtained using the x-ray free-electron laser at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Our experimental results compare favourably with simulated diffraction patterns for clustered Co@SiO2 nanoparticles with ∼10 nm core diameter and ∼30 nm shell outer diameter, which confirms the ability to resolve the mesoscale morphology of complex metastable structures. The findings in this first morphological study of core–shell nanomaterials are a solid base for future time-resolved studies of dynamic phenomena in complex nanoparticulate matter using x-ray lasers.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1038/s41586-018-0459-6
|
Integrating time from experience in the lateral entorhinal cortex
|
The encoding of time and its binding to events are crucial for episodic memory, but how these processes are carried out in hippocampal–entorhinal circuits is unclear. Here we show in freely foraging rats that temporal information is robustly encoded across time scales from seconds to hours within the overall population state of the lateral entorhinal cortex. Similarly pronounced encoding of time was not present in the medial entorhinal cortex or in hippocampal areas CA3–CA1. When animals’ experiences were constrained by behavioural tasks to become similar across repeated trials, the encoding of temporal flow across trials was reduced, whereas the encoding of time relative to the start of trials was improved. The findings suggest that populations of lateral entorhinal cortex neurons represent time inherently through the encoding of experience. This representation of episodic time may be integrated with spatial inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex in the hippocampus, allowing the hippocampus to store a unified representation of what, where and when.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.101
|
The Long Non-coding RNA lnc-31 Interacts with Rock1 mRNA and Mediates Its YB-1-Dependent Translation
|
Cytoplasmic long non-coding RNAs have been shown to act at many different levels to control post-transcriptional gene expression, although their role in translational control is poorly understood. Here, we show that lnc-31, a non-coding RNA required for myoblast proliferation, promotes ROCK1 protein synthesis by stabilizing its translational activator, YB-1. We find that lnc-31 binds to the Rock1 mRNA as well as to the YB-1 protein and that translational activation requires physical interaction between the two RNA species. These results suggest a localized effect of YB-1 stabilization on the Rock1 mRNA. ROCK1 upregulation by lnc-31, in proliferative conditions, correlates well with the differentiation-repressing activity of ROCK1. We also show that, upon induction of differentiation, the downregulation of lnc-31, in conjunction with miR-152 targeting of Rock1, establishes a regulatory loop that reinforces ROCK1 repression and promotes myogenesis. Dimartino et al. demonstrate that lnc-31 is required to sustain myoblast proliferation. lnc-31 interacts with Rock1 mRNA, an inhibitor of differentiation, and promotes its translation. This activity is strengthened by binding of the translational regulator YB-1 and its lnc-31-dependent stabilization.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1167/13.5.14
|
The "motion silencing" illusion results from global motion and crowding
|
Suchow and Alvarez (2011) recently devised a striking illusion, where objects changing in color, luminance, size, or shape appear to stop changing when they move. They refer to the illusion as "motion silencing of awareness to visual change. " Here we present evidence that the illusion results from two perceptual processes: global motion and crowding. We adapted Suchow and Alvarez's stimulus to three concentric rings of dots, a central ring of "target dots" flanked on either side by similarly moving flanker dots. Subjects had to identify in which of two presentations the target dots were continuously changing (sinusoidally) in size, as distinct from the other interval in which size was constant. The results show: (a) Motion silencing depends on target speed, with a threshold around 0. 2 rotations per second (corresponding to about 108/s linear motion). (b) Silencing depends on both target-flanker spacing and eccentricity, with critical spacing about half eccentricity, consistent with Bouma's law. (c) The critical spacing was independent of stimulus size, again consistent with Bouma's law. (d) Critical spacing depended strongly on contrast polarity. All results imply that the "motion silencing" illusion may result from crowding.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
10.1039/C4CC00771A
|
Layered Structures And Nanosheets Of Pyrimidinethiolate Coordination Polymers
|
We report the synthesis, crystal structure and exfoliation of a new member of an important family of layered compounds: lamellar pyrimidinethiolate coordination polymers. Conductivity measurements and DFT calculations of iron(II) pyrimidine-2-thiolate show that this material and a related compound are insulators.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1109/COMST.2014.2327066
|
Design Guidelines For Spatial Modulation
|
A new class of low-complexity, yet energy-efficient Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission techniques, namely, the family of Spatial Modulation (SM) aided MIMOs (SM-MIMO), has emerged. These systems are capable of exploiting the spatial dimensions (i. e. , the antenna indices) as an additional dimension invoked for transmitting information, apart from the traditional Amplitude and Phase Modulation (APM). SM is capable of efficiently operating in diverse MIMO configurations in the context of future communication systems. It constitutes a promising transmission candidate for large-scale MIMO design and for the indoor optical wireless communication while relying on a single-Radio Frequency (RF) chain. Moreover, SM may be also viewed as an entirely new hybrid modulation scheme, which is still in its infancy. This paper aims for providing a general survey of the SM design framework as well as of its intrinsic limits. In particular, we focus our attention on the associated transceiver design, on spatial constellation optimization, on link adaptation techniques, on distributed/cooperative protocol design issues, and on their meritorious variants.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.05.003
|
Management of bone health in solid tumours: From bisphosphonates to a monoclonal antibody
|
Patients with solid tumours are at risk of impaired bone health from metastases and cancer therapy-induced bone loss (CTIBL). We review medical management of bone health in patients with solid tumours over the past 30 years, from first-generation bisphosphonates to the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-targeted monoclonal antibody, denosumab. In the 1980s, first-generation bisphosphonates were shown to reduce the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs)in patients with breast cancer. Subsequently, more potent second- and third-generation bisphosphonates were developed, particularly zoledronic acid (ZA). Head-to-head studies showed that ZA was significantly more effective than pamidronate for reducing SREs in patients with breast and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), becoming the standard of care for more than a decade. The RANKL inhibitor denosumab was licensed in 2010, and head-to-head studies and integrated analyses confirmed its superiority to ZA for preventing SREs, particularly in breast cancer and CRPC. Bisphosphonates and denosumab have also been investigated for prevention of CTIBL in patients receiving hormonal therapy for breast and prostate cancer, and denosumab is licensed in this indication. Despite advances in management of bone health, several issues remain, notably the optimal time to initiate therapy, duration of therapy, and dosing frequency, and how to avoid toxicity, particularly with long-term treatment. In summary, introduction of ZA and denosumab has protected patients with bone metastasis from serious bone complications and improved their quality of life. Ongoing research will hopefully guide the optimal use of these agents to help maintain bone health in patients with solid tumours.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W2938668276
|
Optimal Energy Mix and Operation Cost in the Presence of Nuclear and Solar PV Generation
|
This paper presents the electrical energy condition in Bangladesh. By analyzing the tentative energy demand by the year of 2025 the aspect of energy crisis is discussed. Several ongoing Government projects and their contribution to meet future demand, along with current renewable energy scenario are acknowledged. The prospects of feasible renewable energy resources are considered. To fulfill the electrical energy demand until the year 2025, energy mix has been proposed. Three comparative scenarios have been considered for the year 2018, 2021 and 2025. The west zone power stations and sub-stations are considered to carry out the load at different buses at a minimum cost. Linear programmed optimum power flow method has been used to evaluate the generating capacity as well as the selling price of each generating stations for both off-peak and on-peak hour of generation. The emission of CO 2 is calculated by considering the emission of each fuel type used in different generating stations.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201016084
|
A Mature Cluster With X Ray Emission At Z 2 07
|
We report evidence of a fully established galaxy cluster at z=2. 07, consisting of a ~20sigma overdensity of red, compact spheroidal galaxies spatially coinciding with extended X-ray emission detected with XMM-Newton. We use VLT VIMOS and FORS2 spectra and deep Subaru, VLT and Spitzer imaging to estimate the redshift of the structure from a prominent z=2. 07 spectroscopic redshift spike of emission-line galaxies, concordant with the accurate 12-band photometric redshifts of the red galaxies. Using NICMOS and Keck AO observations, we find that the red galaxies have elliptical morphologies and compact cores. While they do not form a tight red sequence, their colours are consistent with that of a >1. 3$~Gyr population observed at z~2. 1. From an X-ray luminosity of . 2*10^43 erg s^-1 and the stellar mass content of the red galaxy population, we estimate a halo mass of 5. 3-8*10^13 Msun, comparable to the nearby Virgo cluster. These properties imply that this structure could be the most distant, mature cluster known to date and that X-ray luminous, elliptical-dominated clusters are already forming at substantially earlier epochs than previously known.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
W1602919450
|
Robust Watermarking of Relational Databases With Ontology-Guided Distortion Control
|
In this paper, we present a new robust database watermarking scheme the originality of which stands on a semantic control of the data distortion and on the extension of quantization index modulation (QIM) to circular histograms of numerical attributes. The semantic distortion control of the embedding process we propose relies on the identification of existing semantic links in between values of attributes in a tuple by means of an ontology. By doing so, we avoid incoherent or very rare record occurrences which may bias data interpretation or betray the presence of the watermark. In a second time, we adapt QIM to database watermarking. Watermark embedding is conducted by modulating the relative angular position of the circular histogram center of mass of one numerical attribute. We theoretically demonstrate the robustness performance of our scheme against most common attacks (i.e., tuple insertion and deletion). This makes it suitable for copyright protection, owner identification, or traitor tracing purposes. We further verify experimentally these theoretical limits within the framework of a medical database of more than one half million of inpatient hospital stay records. Under the assumption imposed by the central limit theorem, experimental results fit the theory. We also compare our approach with two efficient schemes so as to prove its benefits.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1109/LMWC.2017.2723679
|
Novel Millimeter Wave Transition From Microstrip Line To Groove Gap Waveguide For Mmic Packaging And Antenna Integration
|
In this letter, a new microstrip line to groove gap waveguide (GGW) transition has been proposed. The transition is based on a resonant cavity, which efficiently helps to couple the field from microstrip line to GGW. In this transition, the microstrip section is extended into the cavity without any requirement of contact with the GGW. Such contactless transition inside the waveguide is advantageous as it allows easy packaging and integration of millimeter wave circuitry with gap waveguide components such as filters and array antennas. Alumina ( $\epsilon _{r}=9. 9$ ) was used as the microstrip substrate for the proposed transition in this letter. Measured results for the $V$ -band transition show a relative bandwidth of 26% for a return loss better than 10 dB. The maximum insertion loss of the manufactured back-to-back prototype is found to be 1. 32 dB, which also includes the losses of a 5. 45-mm-long microstrip line on an Alumina substrate. After subtracting the losses in the microstrip section, the losses in a single transition are found to be varying between 0. 145 and 0. 38 dB over the bandwidth.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1038/sdata.2017.75
|
A global dataset of crowdsourced land cover and land use reference data
|
Global land cover is an essential climate variable and a key biophysical driver for earth system models. While remote sensing technology, particularly satellites, have played a key role in providing land cover datasets, large discrepancies have been noted among the available products. Global land use is typically more difficult to map and in many cases cannot be remotely sensed. In-situ or ground-based data and high resolution imagery are thus an important requirement for producing accurate land cover and land use datasets and this is precisely what is lacking. Here we describe the global land cover and land use reference data derived from the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing platform via four campaigns. These global datasets provide information on human impact, land cover disagreement, wilderness and land cover and land use. Hence, they are relevant for the scientific community that requires reference data for global satellite-derived products, as well as those interested in monitoring global terrestrial ecosystems in general.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
866357
|
4DSpace: integrated study for space weather at high latitudes
|
Ionosphere is the partially ionized, outermost part of the Earth’s atmosphere. Its dynamics is inherently complex and affected by dynamic conditions in the solar wind. In the polar regions, it is directly coupled to the Earth’s magnetosphere and space plasma. The polar ionosphere is subject to the auroral particle precipitation, instabilities and turbulence, which all influence the energy transfer through the ionosphere and lead to plasma density irregularities which lead to scintillations of trans-ionospheric radio signals. Irregularities span over a large range of scales, from thousands of kilometers down to centimeters, making their investigation a highly challenging task. The state of ionosphere at high latitudes is a crucial aspect of the space weather, which has important impact on today’s society, in particular in the context of increasing shipping, aviation, and other operations in the Arctic. Understanding processes in the polar ionosphere, their technological impacts, and laying foundations for robust models for forecasting space weather effects are one of the major goals in space science. This project will determine the role of auroral particle precipitations and geomagnetic activity for the development of plasma irregularities at high latitudes, and their impacts on the global navigation satellite systems. Through an integrated approach, combining in-situ measurements by sounding rockets with novel multi-payloads, cutting-edge numerical simulations, and statistical studies with ground- and satellite-based observations at both hemispheres, it will provide groundbreaking understanding of plasma irregularities in the polar ionosphere, give insight into the energy transfer in the ionosphere, and lay foundations for the space weather models that will improve security of operations in the polar regions. The project is across scientific domains: it deals with the Earth’s Ionosphere, the near-Earth space environment, and fundamental processes in plasma physics.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1007/JHEP02(2015)142
|
Explaining The Lepton Non Universality At The Lhcb And Cms From A Unified Framework
|
The recent results from the LHCb in the context of $(B^+ \rightarrow K^+ l l)$ decay and the CMS analysis in the context of right handed $W$-boson ($W_R$) search show a $2. 6\sigma$ and a $2. 8\sigma$ deviations from the Standard Model expectations respectively. In this work, we address these two seemingly uncorrelated results in the context of \R-parity violating supersymmetry. We found that a particular combination of $LQD^c$-type operators which successfully explain the LHCb result, can also accommodate the CMS excess in the $eejj$ channel of the $W_R$ search.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1093/eurpub/ckx074
|
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and scholastic achievement in childhood: Evidence from the LIFECOURSE cohort study
|
Background Research on the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on scholastic achievement in the offspring has shown conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of MSDP on scholastic achievement in a birth cohort of children in 4th, 7th and 10th grades. Methods We analysed data from the LIFECOURSE study, a cohort study of risk and protective factors in all children born in Reykjavik, Iceland, in the year 2000 (N = 1151, girls = 49. 3%). Retrospective registry data for 2014-2015 were merged with prospective survey data that were collected in April 2016. Data on MSDP were assessed during regular antenatal visits at the end of the first trimester. Standardized academic achievement scores were obtained from official school transcripts. Data were analysed using OLS regressions that were entered in three hierarchical blocks. Results Children of mothers who smoked tobacco during the first trimester consistently revealed between 5% and 7% lower scores on standardized academic achievement in 4th, 7th and 10th grade (∼6-8 points on a normally distributed 120 point scale) than those of mothers who had not smoked tobacco during this period (P < 0. 05). These findings held after controlling for several factors associated with the time of birth (e. g. birth weight, maternal age at birth, birth order, parental cohabitation and household income), as well as the year of scholastic assessment (parental cohabitation, household income and parental education). Conclusions Maternal smoking during pregnancy was negatively related to scholastic achievement in the offspring during 4th, 7th and 10th grade.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1093/nar/gky434
|
GDA, a web-based tool for Genomics and Drugs integrated analysis
|
Several major screenings of genetic profiling and drug testing in cancer cell lines proved that the integration of genomic portraits and compound activities is effective in discovering new genetic markers of drug sensitivity and clinically relevant anticancer compounds. Despite most genetic and drug response data are publicly available, the availability of user-friendly tools for their integrative analysis remains limited, thus hampering an effective exploitation of this information. Here, we present GDA, a web-based tool for Genomics and Drugs integrated Analysis that combines drug response data for >50 800 compounds with mutations and gene expression profiles across 73 cancer cell lines. Genomic and pharmacological data are integrated through a modular architecture that allows users to identify compounds active towards cancer cell lines bearing a specific genomic background and, conversely, the mutational or transcriptional status of cells responding or not-responding to a specific compound. Results are presented through intuitive graphical representations and supplemented with information obtained from public repositories. As both personalized targeted therapies and drug-repurposing are gaining increasing attention, GDA represents a resource to formulate hypotheses on the interplay between genomic traits and drug response in cancer. GDA is freely available at http://gda. unimore. it/.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.topol.2018.08.001
|
Crossing numbers of random two-bridge knots
|
In a previous work, the first and third authors studied a random knot model for all two-bridge knots using billiard table diagrams. Here we present a closed formula for the distribution of the crossing numbers of such random knots. We also show that the probability of any given knot appearing in this model decays to zero at an exponential rate as the length of the billiard table goes to infinity. This confirms a conjecture from the previous work.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
283881
|
Housing Markets and Welfare State Transformations: How Family Housing Property is Reshaping Welfare Regimes
|
This project investigates how growing reliance on housing markets and family property wealth in meeting welfare and security needs is transforming contemporary welfare states. Home ownership normally constitutes a primary family node for the delivery and exchange of shelter, informal care and asset wealth, reducing household dependency on the state. Different modes of housing thereby influence welfare system development overall. In recent decades, increasing market values enhanced perceptions of housing property as a form of social security. Meanwhile, governments have encouraged home purchase as a means for households to accumulate housing assets, thereby insuring themselves against hardship. Understanding the role of housing tenure transformations in welfare system restructuring or the impact of housing markets on welfare regimes is, however, poorly developed. This study breaks new ground by examining how housing markets and welfare systems interact in different regime contexts. It focuses on welfare outcomes of housing as a private good and how housing sector differences influence both macro-state welfare arrangements and micro-household practices. This will advance understanding of how housing markets assume prominent roles in welfare system pathways and influence social stratification. This study will be realized through three sub-projects carried out in six countries that represent contemporary housing and welfare regimes: England, Germany, Romania, Italy, the Netherlands and Japan. 1) institutional studies and macro statistical comparisons will evaluate how frameworks of social and welfare security shape, and are shaped by, housing systems; 2) qualitative field studies will asses how families in different housing and welfare regimes perceive, use and exchange housing assets to enhance economic security and welfare capacity; 3) analyses of international panel data will address how households are affected by shifting welfare and housing market conditions.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1098/rstb.2016.0233
|
The role of physiological traits in assortment among and within fish shoals
|
Individuals of gregarious species often group with conspecifics to which they are phenotypically similar. This among-group assortment has been studied for body size, sex and relatedness. However, the role of physiological traits has been largely overlooked. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which physiological traits—particularly those related to metabolism and locomotor performance—may result in phenotypic assortment not only among but also within animal groups. At the among-group level, varying combinations of passive assortment, active assortment, phenotypic plasticity and selective mortality may generate phenotypic differences among groups. Even within groups, however, individual variation in energy requirements, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, neurological lateralization and tolerance to environmental stressors are likely to produce differences in the spatial location of individuals or associations between group-mates with specific physiological phenotypes. Owing to the greater availability of empirical research, we focus on groups of fishes (i. e. shoals and schools). Increased knowledge of physiological mechanisms influencing among- and within-group assortment will enhance our understanding of fundamental concepts regarding optimal group size, predator avoidance, group cohesion, information transfer, life-history strategies and the evolutionary effects of group membership. In a broader perspective, predicting animal responses to environmental change will be impossible without a comprehensive understanding of the physiological basis of the formation and functioning of animal social groups.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
989284
|
Turning bacteria into factories of biodegradable plastics
|
Plastics are littering our environment, contributing to health problems and it is urgent to find sustainable alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural (not synthetic) and non-toxic polyesters and can be derived from bacterial fermentation. However, the amount produced is low for the demand, costs for production are high and non-competitive when compared to plastics from crude oil. Therefore, it is urgent to overcome this limiting factor by increasing the production of biodegradable bioplastics. This proposal is promising and can impact our everyday life through innovative ways to increase production and versatility of bio-based degradable plastics. Herein, I propose to improve the production of different kinds of PHAs through two chassis: Sinorhizobium meliloti, and Pseudomonas putida, both recognized as safe (GRAS status) and able to grow in fermenters. First, I aim to use the gained knowledge during my PhD training in small RNA regulators (sRNAs) in S. meliloti, as well as the expertise of my host group in RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression and RNases, to improve the production of one kind of PHA in the first chassis. Second, I will implement transcriptome analysis of P. putida and generate synthetic sRNAs as an innovative vector for the control of key enzymes involved in PHA production in the second chassis. Finally, pilot fermentations and metabolic modulation strategies will upscale and upgrade the bioplastics accumulated in both organisms (collaborating with world experts in bioplastics: short-stay and secondment) and connect us to the non-academic sector. This multidisciplinary project will be broadly advertised to different audiences. I will acquire new knowledge, transferrable skills, training and collaborations. This will prompt my career to international levels in synthetic biology and domestication of microbes as bio-alternative for relevant industrial purposes. In the end, I will be prepared to become an independent scientist.
|
[
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W2359638483
|
Current expression mode of clan's power of discourse——Humanics investigation on establishing ancestral temple and revising pedigree of clans at Heye Town
|
The activities such as ancestral temple reconstruction and revising pedigree of clans,etc.are substantially the expression mode of clan's power of discourse and an appeal of clan's consciousness after the loss of clan's power of discourse for a long time.This paper takes the Ge's establishment of ancestral temple and revision of pedigree of clans at Heye Town of Hunan Province as an example to expound the process of establishing ancestral temple and revising pedigree of clans,analyze the background and motivating force for revitalizing clan's consciousness,propose that these activities manifest the restoration and reappearance of traditional ethnics.They embody local politics and economic appeal;it is a result of mutual adjustment between a country and civilian power;it is motivated by local knowledge and modern technology;the appeal for pedigree of a clan is a practical problem existed nowadays that should be fully regarded and correctly guided.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
Q15232
|
Support of sales activities of the company Liberecké strojírny s.r.o. on foreign markets
|
The subject of the submitted project is the participation of the company Liberecké strojírny s.r.o. at foreign trade fairs in 2018-2020. The company’s intention is to expand export options, especially in the Russian and Ukrainian markets, to find new markets and trade contacts within Europe and Africa. The company plans to participate in the Gulfood Manufacturing fair in Dubai in 2018, the Modern Bakery fair in Moscow in 2019 and 2020 and the Südback fair in Štutgart, Germany in 2019. a.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1111/geb.12706
|
The relationship between the spatial scaling of biodiversity and ecosystem stability
|
Aim: Ecosystem stability and its link with biodiversity have mainly been studied at the local scale. Here we present a simple theoretical model to address the joint dependence of diversity and stability on spatial scale, from local to continental. Methods: The notion of stability we use is based on the temporal variability of an ecosystem-level property, such as primary productivity. In this way, our model integrates the well-known species–area relationship (SAR) with a recent proposal to quantify the spatial scaling of stability, called the invariability–area relationship (IAR). Results: We show that the link between the two relationships strongly depends on whether the temporal fluctuations of the ecosystem property of interest are more correlated within than between species. If fluctuations are correlated within species but not between them, then the IAR is strongly constrained by the SAR. If instead individual fluctuations are only correlated by spatial proximity, then the IAR is unrelated to the SAR. We apply these two correlation assumptions to explore the effects of species loss and habitat destruction on stability, and find a rich variety of multi-scale spatial dependencies, with marked differences between the two assumptions. Main conclusions: The dependence of ecosystem stability on biodiversity across spatial scales is governed by the spatial decay of correlations within and between species. Our work provides a point of reference for mechanistic models and data analyses. More generally, it illustrates the relevance of macroecology for ecosystem functioning and stability.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1016/j.tsf.2017.09.047
|
Improved thermoelectric properties of nanocrystalline hydrogenated silicon thin films by post-deposition thermal annealing
|
The influence of post-deposition thermal annealing on the thermoelectric properties of n- and p-type nanocrystalline hydrogenated silicon thin films, deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, was studied in this work. The Power Factor of p-type films was improved from 7 × 10− 5 to 4 × 10− 4 W/(m. K2) as the annealing temperature, under vacuum, increased up to 400 °C while for n-type films it has a minor influence. Optimized Seebeck coefficient values of 460 μV/K and − 320 μV/K were achieved for p- and n-type films, respectively, with crystalline size in the range of 10 nm, leading to remarkable low thermal conductivity values (< 10 W. m− 1. K− 1) at room temperature.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W1990379281
|
A micromechanical model for the effective compressibility of sandstones
|
Abstract A self-consistent micromechanical model is proposed to evaluate the effective compressibility of sandstones. The sandstone microstructure is modelled by spherical inclusions with imperfect interfaces embedded in a matrix. Strain localisation coefficients are obtained by extension of the composite sphere model of Herve and Zaoui (1993) to the case of imperfect interfaces between phases. The variations of the effective compressibility and Poisson's ratio of the composite are evaluated as a function of the porosity and the normal and tangential interface compliances. Assuming a stress dependent compliance for the interface between the grains results in a rock compressibility which is decreasing by increasing confining pressure. It is demonstrated that by calibration of a simple stress dependency law for the interface compliances the model results in stress-dependent compressibility which is compatible with the experimental evaluations. The proposed model is compared with the cracks in matrix model of Sayers and Kachanov (1995) and very close results are obtained for modelling the stress-dependent compressibility. This shows that if the isotropic case is considered, it does not matter if cracks are considered to be at grain boundaries or not, as long as their orientation distribution is isotropic and their centers distribution is random.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
757210
|
The role of the father in child development and the intergenerational transmission of inequality: Linking sociological stratification questions to developmental psychology research
|
The key objective of my FATHERCHILD project is to provide novel insights into the questions whether, why, and in what ways, fathers influence their children’s social, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes. More specifically, this project investigates how inequalities in child outcomes develop through fathers’ parenting practices across childhood and adolescence, and how context may buffer or strengthen fathers’ role in this development of inequalities. The idea underlying the proposed research is that much can be learned about fathers’ role in child outcomes by linking sociological stratification questions to developmental psychology research on father involvement. The relevance of the current project is apparent: inequality is rising all across Europe, people are increasingly relying on their families to get by, and father involvement has become more polarized according to fathers’ socioeconomic position over the decades.
The project aims to be innovative in four ways. Firstly, the application of new observation methods and state-of-the-art analytical techniques allows me to tap, more closely than hitherto, into the mechanisms underlying fathers’ influence on child outcomes. Second, unlike previous studies, this project will not limit its focus to the father-child dyad. The use of multi-actor data enables me to assess the relative importance of fathers as transmitters of inequality in the context of the wider family. Thirdly, by expanding the focus beyond the early years of children’s lives, it is possible to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how and why fathers’ role in the transmission of inequality changes across childhood and adolescence. Finally, an important contribution of the project is its potential to compare fathers’ impact on child outcomes longitudinally across three countries, allowing me to investigate the extent to which and why there is cross-national variation in the development of inequalities through fathers’ parenting practices.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.014
|
Complement resistance mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
The current emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria causes major problems in hospitals worldwide. To survive within the host, bacterial pathogens exploit several escape mechanisms to prevent detection and killing by the immune system. As a major player in immune defense, the complement system recognizes and destroys bacteria via different effector mechanisms. The complement system can label bacteria for phagocytosis or directly kill Gram-negative bacteria via insertion of a pore-forming complex in the bacterial membrane. The multi-drug resistant pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae exploits several mechanisms to resist complement. In this review, we present an overview of strategies used by K. pneumoniae to prevent recognition and killing by the complement system. Understanding these complement evasion strategies is crucial for the development of innovative strategies to combat K. pneumoniae.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W2028656113
|
Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed
|
Excess nutrients and agrochemicals from non-point sources contribute to water quality impairment in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and their loading rates are related to land use, agricultural practices, hydrology, and pollutant fate and transport processes. In this study, monthly baseflow stream samples from 15 agricultural subwatersheds of the Choptank River in Maryland USA (2005 to 2007) were characterized for nutrients, herbicides, and herbicide transformation products. High-resolution digital maps of land use and forested wetlands were derived from remote sensing imagery. Examination of landscape metrics and water quality data, partitioned according to hydrogeomorphic class, provided insight into the fate, delivery, and transport mechanisms associated with agricultural pollutants. Mean Nitrate-N concentrations (4.9 mg/L) were correlated positively with percent agriculture (R(2)=0.56) and negatively with percent forest (R(2)=0.60). Concentrations were greater (p=0.0001) in the well-drained upland (WDU) hydrogeomorphic region than in poorly drained upland (PDU), reflecting increased denitrification and reduced agricultural land use intensity in the PDU landscape due to the prevalence of hydric soils. Atrazine and metolachlor concentrations (mean 0.29 μg/L and 0.19 μg/L) were also greater (p=0.0001) in WDU subwatersheds than in PDU subwatersheds. Springtime herbicide concentrations exhibited a strong, positive correlation (R(2)=0.90) with percent forest in the WDU subwatersheds but not in the PDU subwatersheds. In addition, forested riparian stream buffers in the WDU were more prevalent than in the PDU where forested patches are typically not located near streams, suggesting an alternative delivery mechanism whereby volatilized herbicides are captured by the riparian forest canopy and subsequently washed off during rainfall. Orthophosphate, CIAT (6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), CEAT (6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and MESA (2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) were also analyzed. These findings will assist efforts in targeting implementation of conservation practices to the most environmentally-critical areas within watersheds to achieve water quality improvements in a cost-effective manner.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W893932538
|
Bayesian Network Based Fault Tolerance in Distributed Sensor Networks
|
A Distributed Sensor Network (DSN) consists of a set of sensors that are interconnected by a communication network. DSN is capable of acquiring and processing signals, communicating, and performing simple computational tasks. Such sensors can detect and collect data concerning any sign of node failure, earthquakes, floods and even a terrorist attack. Energy efficiency and fault-tolerance network control are the most important issues in the development of DSNs. In this work, two methods of fault tolerance are proposed: fault detection and recovery to achieve fault tolerance using Bayesian Networks (BNs). Bayesian Network is used to aid reasoning and decision making under uncertainty. The main objective of this work is to provide fault tolerance mechanism which is energy efficient and responsive to network using BNs. It is also used to detect energy depletion of node, link failure between nodes, and packet error in DSN. The proposed model is used to detect faults at node, sink and network level faults (link failure and packet error). The proposed fault recovery model is used to achieve fault tolerance by adjusting the network of the randomly deployed sensor nodes based on of its probabilities. Finally, the performance parameters for the proposed scheme are evaluated. Keywords—Bayesian network, distributed sensor networks, fault detection, fault tolerance, fault recovery, network control, routing.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.ymben.2016.03.008
|
Dual control system - A novel scaffolding architecture of an inducible regulatory device for the precise regulation of gene expression
|
Here, we present a novel scaffolding architecture of an inducible regulatory device. This dual control system is completely silent in the off stage and is coupled to the regulation of gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. This system also functions as an AND gate. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the cumate-riboswitch dual control system for the control of pamamycin production in Streptomyces albus. Placing the cre recombinase gene under the control of this system permitted the construction of synthetic devices with non-volatile memory that sense the signal and respond by altering DNA at the chromosomal level, thereby producing changes that are heritable. In addition, we present a library of synthetic inducible promoters based on the previously described cumate switch. With only one inducer and different promoters, we demonstrate that simultaneous modulation of the expression of several genes to different levels in various operons is possible. Because all modules of the AND gates are functional in bacteria other than Streptomyces, we anticipate that these regulatory devices can be used to control gene expression in other Actinobacteria. The features described in this study make these systems promising tools for metabolic engineering and biotechnology in Actinobacteria.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
W2613546093
|
Info-Edu-SOSIOHUMANIKA-tainment, issue of May 2015
|
This journal, with ISSN 1979-0112, was firstly published on May 20, 2008 in the context to commemorate One Millenium of National Awakening Day in Indonesian. The SOSIOHUMANIKA journal is published twice a year i.e. every May and November. For period 2013 to 2018, the SOSIOHUMANIKA journal has been accredited by Ditjendikti Kemdikbud RI (Directorate-General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia). Since issue of May 2014 to date, the SOSIOHUMANIKA journal has jointly been organized by the Lecturers of LP2M UNHAS (Research Institute and Community Service, Hasanuddin University) in Makassar, South Sulawesi and the Lecturers of PPs UNIPA (Postgraduate Program, University of PGRI Adibuana) in Surabaya, East Java; and published by Minda Masagi Press as a publisher owned by ASPENSI (the Association of Indonesian Scholars of History Education) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
170050
|
Galileo enhancement as booster of the smart cities
|
With the increase of the density of people in urban areas, modern cities experience significant needs related to planning, maintenance and administration. As a result, many cities are engaged in massive investment for infrastructure development across many structural elements including water supply, lighting, maintenance, traffic and transportation systems, refuse disposal and all the factors which form a part of the completed city.
The public transportation systems, assisting the movement of people in urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains, are continuously evolving in terms of areas coverage, comfort and technology. Such systems can be exploited by the cities in order to serve both public and benefits including:
• Maintenance of infrastructure such as lighting, road deteriorations etc.
• Inspection of points of interests such as parking spaces, garbage collection points etc.
• Provision of services to the private sector such as inspection of advertisement points etc.
The main objective of the GHOST project is to design, develop and validate at an operational environment a GALILEO-based intelligent system for vehicles in order to take advantage of the public transportation fleet routes, towards enabling development of new cross-functional applications for infrastructures maintenance, street parking and garbage management in smarter cities environment.
The GHOST intelligent system will be validated at an operational environment, by demonstrating and experimenting on three (3) use cases of the GHOST applications including:
• Reporting of street lighting anomalies or road deteriorations (ex: pothole).
• Detection of double parking or occupied parking reserved for disabled drivers by unauthorized vehicles.
• Monitoring of public garbage completion level.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1002/admi.201400416
|
Enhanced Local Magnetization by Interface Engineering in Perovskite-Type Correlated Oxide Heterostructures
|
Elimination of a magnetic dead-layer at the LSMO/STO interface is achieved by interface engineering through incorporation of a single La0. 33Sr0. 67O layer. Controlled growth of interfacial atomic stacking in combination with local magnetic probing by polarized neutron reflectometry enables controlled interface engineering and results in optimal interfacial magnetization in perovskite-type correlated oxide heterostructures.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1371/journal.pone.0056531
|
Polycomb Domain Formation Depends on Short and Long Distance Regulatory Cues
|
Background: Polycomb group (PcG) proteins dynamically define cellular identities through the epigenetic repression of key developmental genes. In Drosophila, cis-regulatory regions termed PcG response elements (PREs) act as nucleation sites for PcG proteins to create large repressive PcG domains that are marked by trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). In addition to an action in cis, PREs can interact over long distances, thereby enhancing PcG dependent silencing. How PcG domains are established, which factors limit their propagation in cis, and how long range interactions of PREs in trans affect the chromatin structure is largely unknown. Principal Findings: We demonstrate that the insertion of a PRE-containing transgene in the Drosophila genome generates an artificial PcG domain and we analyze its organization by quantitative ChIP and ChIP-on-chip experiments. Intriguingly, a boundary element and known insulator proteins do not necessarily interfere with spreading of H3K27me3. Instead, domain borders correlate with the presence of promoter regions bound by RNA Polymerase II and active chromatin marks. In contrast, genes that are silent during early fly development get included within the PcG domain and this incorporation interferes with gene activation at later developmental stages. Moreover, trans-interaction of the transgenic PRE with its homologous endogenous PRE results in increased PcG binding, correlating with reinforced silencing of genes within the domain borders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher-order organization of PcG-bound chromatin can stabilize gene silencing within PcG domains. Further we propose that multi-protein complexes associated with active promoters are able to define the limits of PcG domains. Future work aimed to pinpoint the factors providing this barrier function will be required to understand the precise molecular mechanism by which active promoter regions can act as boundaries to stop spreading of H3K27me3.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
W1462615972
|
Project ABLE (Autism: Building Links to Employment): A specialist employment service for young people and adults with an autism spectrum condition
|
BACKGROUND: Project ABLE (Autism: Building Links to Employment) is an employment service established in Belfast, Northern Ireland, for young people and adults aged 16+ with an Autism Spectrum Condition. The Project adopts an individualised approach to meet the employment aspirations of this group using the Supported Employment model of intervention. The Project works with participants across the autism spectrum including high functioning individuals as well as those with severe learning disability and complex needs. OBJECTIVE: To prepare participants for employment by developing or improving their employability skills using a customised approach. METHODS: An action research approach was adopted to explore if the Supported Employment model could be used to meet the employment requirements of this group. The project was marketed to colleagues from the statutory sector and referrals were made from the Departments of Education, Health and Employment. RESULTS: During the first four years of the programme seventy two individuals took part in the project and 56% of the adult group achieved full time and part time employment in a variety of sectors. All participants experienced a least one work experience opportunity and 66% attended more than one. During the project over one hundred work placements were organised with employers throughout Belfast encompassing all vocational areas. The overall impact on participant’s lives has been positive, as well as developing employability skills many have reported an improvement in communication, social skills and over all independence. CONCLUSIONS: The Supported Employment Model can be used effectively to assist people with ASC prepare for and enter
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1038/s41377-020-0274-3
|
Photonic topological fermi nodal disk in non-Hermitian magnetic plasma
|
AbstractTopological physics mainly arises as a necessary link between properties of the bulk and the appearance of surface states, and has led to successful discoveries of novel topological surface states in Chern insulators, topological insulators, and topological Fermi arcs in Weyl, Dirac, and Nodal line semimetals owing to their nontrivial bulk topology. In particular, topological phases in non-Hermitian systems have attracted growing interests in recent years. In this work, we predict the emergence of the topologically stable nodal disks where the real part of the eigen frequency is degenerate between two bands in non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics plasma with collision and viscosity dissipations. Each nodal disk possesses continuously distributed topological surface charge density that integrates to unity. It is found that the lossy Fermi arcs at the interface connect to the middle of the projection of the nodal disks. We further show that the emergence, coalescence, and annihilation of the nodal disks can be controlled by plasma parameters and dissipation terms. Our findings contribute to understanding of the linear theory of bulk and surface wave dispersions of non-ideal warm magnetic plasmas from the perspective of topological physics.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1016/j.softx.2019.100395
|
nsCouette – A high-performance code for direct numerical simulations of turbulent Taylor–Couette flow
|
We present nsCouette, a highly scalable software tool to solve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow between differentially heated and independently rotating, concentric cylinders. It is based on a pseudospectral spatial discretization and dynamic time-stepping. It is implemented in modern Fortran with a hybrid MPI-OpenMP parallelization scheme and thus designed to compute turbulent flows at high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers. An additional GPU implementation (C-CUDA) for intermediate problem sizes and a version for pipe flow (nsPipe) are also provided.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
Q2889022
|
Digital Go.: Go Digital – Research and development of an advanced computer platform to provide an innovative online digital marketing service
|
The Go Digital project aims to investigate and develop an advanced computer platform that will provide an innovative online digital marketing service for SMEs, easy to use, adjustable to their financial capabilities, allowing to maximise the return on investment dedicated to this area.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1073/pnas.1503500112
|
VEGF-B promotes cancer metastasis through a VEGF-A–independent mechanism and serves as a marker of poor prognosis for cancer patients
|
The biological functions of VEGF-B in cancer progression remain poorly understood. Here, we report that VEGF-B promotes cancer metastasis through the remodeling of tumor microvasculature. Knockdown of VEGF-B in tumors resulted in increased perivascular cell coverage and impaired pulmonary metastasis of human melanomas. In contrast, the gain of VEGF-B function in tumors led to pseudonormalized tumor vasculatures that were highly leaky and poorly perfused. Tumors expressing high levels of VEGF-B were more metastatic, although primary tumor growth was largely impaired. Similarly, VEGF-B in a VEGF-A–null tumor resulted in attenuated primary tumor growth but substantial pulmonary metastases. VEGF-B also led to highly metastatic phenotypes in Vegfr1 tk−/− mice and mice treated with anti–VEGF-A. These data indicate that VEGF-B promotes cancer metastasis through a VEGF-A–independent mechanism. High expression levels of VEGF-B in two large-cohort studies of human patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma correlated with poor survival. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that VEGF-B is a vascular remodeling factor promoting cancer metastasis and that targeting VEGF-B may be an important therapeutic approach for cancer metastasis.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1039/C6CP01529H
|
Hunting For Hydrogen Random Structure Searching And Prediction Of Nmr Parameters Of Hydrous Wadsleyite
|
The structural chemistry of materials containing low levels of nonstoichiometric hydrogen is difficult to determine, and producing structural models is challenging where hydrogen has no fixed crystallographic site. Here we demonstrate a computational approach employing ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) to generate a series of candidate structures for hydrous wadsleyite (β-Mg2SiO4 with 1. 6 wt% H2O), a high-pressure mineral proposed as a repository for water in the Earth's transition zone. Aligning with previous experimental work, we solely consider models with Mg3 (over Mg1, Mg2 or Si) vacancies. We adapt the AIRSS method by starting with anhydrous wadsleyite, removing a single Mg2+ and randomly placing two H+ in a unit cell model, generating 819 candidate structures. 103 geometries were then subjected to more accurate optimisation under periodic DFT. Using this approach, we find the most favourable hydration mechanism involves protonation of two O1 sites around the Mg3 vacancy. The formation of silanol groups on O3 or O4 sites (with loss of stable O1–H hydroxyls) coincides with an increase in total enthalpy. Importantly, the approach we employ allows observables such as NMR parameters to be computed for each structure. We consider hydrous wadsleyite (∼1. 6 wt%) to be dominated by protonated O1 sites, with O3/O4–H silanol groups present as defects, a model that maps well onto experimental studies at higher levels of hydration (J. M. Griffin et al. , Chem. Sci. , 2013, 4, 1523). The AIRSS approach adopted herein provides the crucial link between atomic-scale structure and experimental studies.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00215
|
Light harvesting for organic photovoltaics
|
The field of organic photovoltaics has developed rapidly over the last 2 decades, and small solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 13% have been demonstrated. Light absorbed in the organic layers forms tightly bound excitons that are split into free electrons and holes using heterojunctions of electron donor and acceptor materials, which are then extracted at electrodes to give useful electrical power. This review gives a concise description of the fundamental processes in photovoltaic devices, with the main emphasis on the characterization of energy transfer and its role in dictating device architecture, including multilayer planar heterojunctions, and on the factors that impact free carrier generation from dissociated excitons. We briefly discuss harvesting of triplet excitons, which now attracts substantial interest when used in conjunction with singlet fission. Finally, we introduce the techniques used by researchers for characterization and engineering of bulk heterojunctions to realize large photocurrents, and examine the formed morphology in three prototypical blends.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
CA 2357208 A
|
GRAPHITE-COATED SHAPED BODY MADE OF SINTERED SILICON CARBIDE
|
Shaped body based on polycrystalline SiC and having a density of greater than 90% of its theoretical density and an adherent graphite layer on its surface, wherein the graphite layer is crystalline, has a thickness of 0.1-100 µm and has been produced by thermal surface decomposition of the SiC after it has been sintered to closed porosity.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
898300
|
Petahertz quantum optoelectronic communication
|
Today, switching speeds in the multi gigahertz range are technologically mastered and terahertz electronics is at its birth. Soon electronic components will push forward towards the petahertz range. It is however unknown how the movement of electrons can be controlled at such frequencies. 2D and 3D semiconductors exhibit properties of high electron mobility that allows to drive intense electron currents coherently in the conduction band when submitted to terawatt laser fields. A strong electron current oscillates at petahertz frequencies in the conduction band with a momentum that depends on the laser field frequency, intensity, polarization and career envelope phase. In addition, high order harmonic radiation is emitted when those electrons recombine to the valence band. The strong electron current from which HHG originate can be manipulated in space and time and be the very first elementary blocks of novel petahertz frequency electronic devices, thus operating orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art terahertz devices. The PETACom project proposes to create future optoelectronic device commutating at petahertz frequencies, bridging the gap between electronics and photonics. We will establish: 1) Petahertz electron switching in 2D and 3D systems using intense femtosecond IR to mid-IR laser excitation. 2) Optoelectronic devices from laser induced petahertz electron oscillation. 3) A new paradigm for future electronics and ultrahigh speed communication and computation.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_61
|
Prior Based Coregistration And Cosegmentation
|
We propose a modular and scalable framework for dense coregistration and cosegmentation with two key characteristics: first, we substitute ground truth data with the semantic map output of a classifier; second, we combine this output with population deformable registration to improve both alignment and segmentation. Our approach deforms all volumes towards consensus, taking into account image similarities and label consistency. Our pipeline can incorporate any classifier and similarity metric. Results on two datasets, containing annotations of challenging brain structures, demonstrate the potential of our method.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
Q13384
|
Expansão das possibilidades de produção para reforçar a posição do mercado
|
O objetivo do projeto é a aquisição de 4 novas tecnologias de produção (centro de maquinagem portuário, centro de maquinagem vertical, marcação a laser e equipamento de elevação) para aumentar a eficiência da produção, aumentar a produtividade, a precisão e a expansão das possibilidades de produção e, acima de tudo, aumentar a capacidade de produção.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W1568695339
|
Principles of physics : a calculus-based text
|
Context 5 Global Warming. 16. Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases. 17. Energy in Thermal Processes: The First Law of Thermodynamics. 18. Heat Engines, Entropy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Context 5 Conclusion: Predicting the Earth's Surface Temperature. Context 6 Lightning. 19. Electric Forces and Electric Fields. 20. Electric Potential and Capacitance. 21. Current and Direct Current Circuits. Context 6 Conclusion: Determining the Number of Lightning Strikes. Context 7 Magnetism in Medicine. 22. Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields. 23. Faraday's Law and Inductance. Context 7 Conclusion: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Context 8 Lasers. 24. Electromagnetic Waves. 25. Reflection and Refraction of Light. 26. Image Formation by Mirrors and Lenses. 27. Wave Optics. Context 8 Conclusion: Using Lasers to Record and Read Digital Information. Context 9 The Cosmic Connection. 28. Quantum Physics. 29. Atomic Physics. 30. Nuclear Physics. 31. Particle Physics. Context 9 Conclusion: Problems and Perspectives. Appendix A: Tables. Appendix B: Mathematics Review. Appendix C: Periodic Table of the Elements. Appendix D: SI Units. Answers to Quick Quizzes and Odd-Numbered Problems. Index.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1111/pce.13201
|
Changes in photosynthetic rate and stress volatile emissions through desiccation-rehydration cycles in desiccation-tolerant epiphytic filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae)
|
Exposure to recurrent desiccation cycles carries a risk of accumulation of reactive oxygen species that can impair leaf physiological activity upon rehydration, but changes in filmy fern stress status through desiccation and rewatering cycles have been poorly studied. We studied foliage photosynthetic rate and volatile marker compounds characterizing cell wall modifications (methanol) and stress development (lipoxygenase [LOX] pathway volatiles and methanol) through desiccation–rewatering cycles in lower-canopy species Hymenoglossum cruentum and Hymenophyllum caudiculatum, lower- to upper-canopy species Hymenophyllum plicatum and upper-canopy species Hymenophyllum dentatum sampled from a common environment and hypothesized that lower canopy species respond more strongly to desiccation and rewatering. In all species, rates of photosynthesis and LOX volatile emission decreased with progression of desiccation, but LOX emission decreased with a slower rate than photosynthesis. Rewatering first led to an emission burst of LOX volatiles followed by methanol, indicating that the oxidative burst was elicited in the symplast and further propagated to cell walls. Changes in LOX emissions were more pronounced in the upper-canopy species that had a greater photosynthetic activity and likely a greater rate of production of photooxidants. We conclude that rewatering induces the most severe stress in filmy ferns, especially in the upper canopy species.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1039/c7cc02344h
|
Live-cell monochromatic dual-label sub-diffraction microscopy by mt-pcSOFI
|
We present mt-pcSOFI, live-cell monochromatic sub-diffraction imaging and illustrate the method with existing RSFPs and the newly developed ffDronpa-F.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
339244
|
A new neuroimaging modality: from bench to bedside
|
NeuroImaging systems are invaluable tools in the understanding of the brain both for fundamental research and clinical diagnosis. However, recent improvements in deep brain imaging technology have been somewhat limited because most of them are based on incremental innovation of mature techniques (EEG, PET and fMRI) instead of breakthrough.
In FUSIMAGINE, a genuinely new functional brain imaging modality will be developed and validated whose performances could have a major impact in neuroscience from fundamental research to clinical applications.
This new modality is based on the use of ultrafast ultrasound scanners able to reach more than 10 000 frames per second (fps) compared to the usual 50 fps in conventional ultrasound scanners. This concept relies on compounded plane wave transmissions introduced by my team and demonstrates up to 100-fold increase in the sensitivity of blood flow measurements. It enables to image the subtle hemodynamic changes in small brain vessels and thus brain activity thanks to neurovascular coupling. Functional Ultrasound (fUS by analogy to fMRI) is a real breakthrough in brain imaging as our project will demonstrate that:
in neuroscience, fUS provides a unique real time, portable and deep brain functional imaging technique for awake and even freely moving small animal imaging, moreover with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution (~100µm, 50ms).
in clinical diagnosis, fUS provides a unique bedside neuro-imaging system of newborns brain activity through the fontanel window. Such real time system will permit to monitor and better understand neonatal seizures and hemorrhages. On adults, fUS provides a unique functional imaging modality during neurosurgery to predict the cortical mapping remodeling resulting of tumor development (such as low-grade gliomas). Finally, new adaptive skull bone correction techniques implemented on the system will enable us to perform non invasive transcranial fUS imaging on human adults through the temple bone.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1186/1471-2105-11-443
|
Efficient Bayesian Approach For Multilocus Association Mapping Including Gene Gene Interactions
|
Since the introduction of large-scale genotyping methods that can be utilized in genome-wide association (GWA) studies for deciphering complex diseases, statistical genetics has been posed with a tremendous challenge of how to most appropriately analyze such data. A plethora of advanced model-based methods for genetic mapping of traits has been available for more than 10 years in animal and plant breeding. However, most such methods are computationally intractable in the context of genome-wide studies. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that GWA analyses have in practice been dominated by simple statistical tests concerned with a single marker locus at a time, while the more advanced approaches have appeared only relatively recently in the biomedical and statistical literature. We introduce a novel Bayesian modeling framework for association mapping which enables the detection of multiple loci and their interactions that influence a dichotomous phenotype of interest. The method is shown to perform well in a simulation study when compared to widely used standard alternatives and its computational complexity is typically considerably smaller than that of a maximum likelihood based approach. We also discuss in detail the sensitivity of the Bayesian inferences with respect to the choice of prior distributions in the GWA context. Our results show that the Bayesian model averaging approach which explicitly considers gene-gene interactions may improve the detection of disease associated genetic markers in two respects: first, by providing better estimates of the locations of the causal loci; second, by reducing the number of false positives. The benefits are most apparent when the interacting genes exhibit no main effects. However, our findings also illustrate that such an approach is somewhat sensitive to the prior distribution assigned on the model structure.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Mathematics"
] |
W2114514702
|
A Plant Mixture Model Against Plasmopara Halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew)
|
Sunflower downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii is one of the most potentially important diseases. So far, a complete, major gene resistance (Pl) has been used successfully. But, with the appearance of eight races in France since 2000, research on more durable resistance was undertaken. In this study, we presented new results concerning the evolution of pathogenicity in P. halstedii under conditions of re-enforced infection and different Pl gene selection pressure. Moreover, we studied the evolution of virulence and aggressiveness of P. halstedii under a mixture model of sunflower inbred lines carrying the two types of resistance (qualitative and quantitative). This sunflower model may enhance durable resistance against P. halstedii.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
804068
|
The wide-spread bacterial toxin delivery systems and their role in multicellularity
|
Bacteria live in environments where resources for growth are scarce and shared with other bacteria. The ability to inhibit the growth of other bacteria is thus favourable and most bacteria use multiple systems for such antagonistic interactions, including delivery of protein toxins to other bacteria (e.g. bacteriocins, type 6 secretion and contact-dependent growth inhibition systems). In addition to their role in competition, all these toxin delivery systems frequently deliver toxins to cells of the same genotype, i.e. cells immune to the toxic activity, but a function for self-delivery of toxins has never been identified. Recent evidence from our lab suggests that self-delivery of toxins generates population heterogeneity in terms of growth at high cell densities, i.e. upon cell-cell contacts. But if this is a common feature of all toxin delivery systems is not known. Here we will investigate if toxin delivery to cells immune to the toxin creates population heterogeneity in terms of growth, mutation rates and gene expression, and if this is important for bacterial evolution and multicellularity. As homologs for many of the toxins can also be found in eukaryotes, including multicellular organisms, we will investigate if the functions of these systems are also conserved across kingdoms.
We will particular characterize the role of bacterial toxin delivery systems for multicellular behaviour and adaptation to new growth environments. This research have important consequences for understanding cell-to-cell contacts and the organization of multicellular tissues in general; from how to control biofilm formation to the understanding of uncontrolled cell growth in higher eukaryotes.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W1542120685
|
Design and analysis of Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller for AVR system
|
Proportional Derivative Integral (PID) controllers are extensively used in most of the industrial applications. But often, PID frame work fails to address some serious issues like susceptibility to noise, instability due to integral term etc. On the other hand Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) addresses these issues quite successfully. The problem considered in this work is to control Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) with Linear ADRC (LADRC) under presence of plant parameter uncertainties and sudden load variations.A fifth-order Extended State Observer (ESO) was designed which estimates generalized disturbance which includes both system uncertainties and external disturbances. This information is used to actively cancel the effects of disturbances. The effectiveness of LADRC scheme has been illustrated by comparing with conventional PID tuning method in the presence of plant parameter and sudden load variations. Further to study the frequency response characteristics of control system, transfer function of LADRC has been derived. From the simulations it can be observed that there is significant improvement in system response which can be reconfirmed from the frequency response analysis.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
10.1063/1.4899069
|
Cyclic Voltammetry On Sputter Deposited Films Of Electrochromic Ni Oxide Power Law Decay Of The Charge Density Exchange
|
ABSTRACT: Ni-oxide-based thin films were produced by reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Intercalati . . .
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.3762/bjoc.7.86
|
Single enantiomer synthesis of α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-lactam
|
The first synthesis of α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-lactam ((S)-1) is reported. The route starts from α-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid (2). Conjugate addition of α-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine ((S)-3b), generated an addition adduct 4b which was cyclised to β-lactam 5b. Separation of the diastereoisomers by chromatography gave ((αS,3S)-5b). N-Debenzylation afforded the desired α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-lactam ((S)-1). The absolute stereochemistry of diastereoisomers 5 was determined by X-ray crystallographic determination of a close structural analogue, (αS,3S)-5c, and then 1H and 19F NMR correlation to the individual diastereoisomers of 5a and 5b.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1063/1.4991860
|
Clocking Plasmon Nanofocusing By Thz Near Field Streaking
|
We apply terahertz (THz) near-field streaking in a nanofocusing geometry to investigate plasmon polariton propagation on the shaft of a conical nanotip. By evaluating the delay between a streaking spectrogram for plasmon-induced photoemission with a measurement for direct apex excitation, we obtain an average plasmon group velocity, which is in agreement with numerical simulations. Combining plasmon-induced photoemission with THz near-field streaking facilitates extensive control over localized photoelectron sources for time-resolved imaging and diffraction.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/102002
|
Universality Of Photoelectron Circular Dichroism In The Photoionization Of Chiral Molecules
|
Photoionization of chiral molecules by circularly polarized radiation gives rise to a strong forward/backward asymmetry in the photoelectron angular distribution, referred to as photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD). Here we show that PECD is a universal effect that reveals the inherent chirality of the target in all ionization regimes: single photon, multiphoton, above-threshold and tunnel ionization. These different regimes provide complementary spectroscopic information at electronic and vibrational levels. The universality of the PECD can be understood in terms of a classical picture of the ionizing process, in which electron scattering on the chiral potential under the influence of a circularly polarized electric field results in a strong forward/backward asymmetry.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1002/hipo.22255
|
Medial prefrontal theta phase coupling during spatial memory retrieval
|
Memory retrieval is believed to involve a disparate network of areas, including medial prefrontal and medial temporal cortices, but the mechanisms underlying their coordination remain elusive. One suggestion is that oscillatory coherence mediates inter-regional communication, implicating theta phase and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in mnemonic function across species. To examine this hypothesis, we used non-invasive whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) as participants retrieved the location of objects encountered within a virtual environment. We demonstrate that, when participants are cued with the image of an object whose location they must subsequently navigate to, there is a significant increase in 4-8 Hz theta power in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the phase of this oscillation is coupled both with ongoing theta phase in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and perceptually induced 65-85 Hz gamma amplitude in medial parietal cortex. These results suggest that theta phase coupling between mPFC and MTL and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling between mPFC and neocortical regions may play a role in human spatial memory retrieval.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
336935
|
Transmembrane Molecular Machines
|
This research programme is dedicated to the development of rationally designed transmembrane molecular machines. Proteins that undergo nanomechanical transitions to facilitate transmembrane communication, or that operate as transmembrane pumps, rotary motors, and molecular transporters are ubiquitous in nature. Despite much progress in the development of solid-state and chemical nanomechanical devices such as molecular rotors, walkers and logic devices, no such systems have been developed that operate across lipid membranes.
Thus, by exploiting our knowledge of biological and synthetic supramolecular components we seek to construct some of the first ever transmembrane molecular machines built to man-made specifications. Mirroring the operation of biological transmembrane molecular machines, compartmentalisation facilitates the construction of nanomechanical devices that can be driven by electrochemical gradients, or those that operate in the reverse sense by turning over chemical fuels to establish non-equilibrium conditions. We intend to demonstrate these principles by combining nanopore-based techniques and DNA-recognition processes to assemble a range of membrane-spanning nanomechanical devices that can be operated, controlled and monitored down to single-molecule levels:
Project 1 – Transmembrane logic & signalling on the single-molecule level.
Project 2 – A transmembrane transporter.
Project 3 – A transmembrane reciprocating pump.
Project 4 – A transmembrane rotary motor.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1080/20442041.2018.1483126
|
Extreme Drought Boosts Co2 And Ch4 Emissions From Reservoir Drawdown Areas
|
Although previous studies suggest that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from reservoir sediment exposed to the atmosphere during drought may be substantial, this process has not been rigorously quant. . .
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103486
|
Angiotensin-(1-7) oral treatment after experimental myocardial infarction leads to downregulation of CXCR4
|
Myocardial infarction triggers cellular events that starts with the activation of inflammatory response and fibrogenic pathways involved in cardiac tissue remodeling. Angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) is an endogenous heptapeptide from the renin-angiotensin system with a cardioprotective role due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in cardiac cells. Although the beneficial aspects of Ang-(1–7) in animal models of cardiac ischemia have been reported, the molecular events underlying Ang-(1–7) cardioprotective effect remains elusive. This study investigated the impact of oral treatment with Ang-(1–7) included in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD/Ang-(1–7)) on the cardiac proteome dysregulation due to experimental myocardial infarction. Wistar male rats were submitted to experimental myocardial infarction and treated daily with HPβCD/Ang-(1–7) during 7 days or 60 days by gavage. Our results showed that HPβCD/Ang-(1–7) treatment ameliorates the post-infarction condition due to the modulation of proteins that initially favor the resolution of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, this study reported for the first time that Ang-(1–7) treatment after experimental myocardial infarction leads to the downregulation of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Significance: Myocardial infarction triggers a sequence of cellular and molecular events that starts with an intense inflammatory response that is resolved in the proliferative phase. Prolonged inflammatory phase can lead to adverse cardiac repair and heart failure. In this context, we proposed a post-MI treatment using Ang-(1–7) included in HPβCD and administrated orally. We observed that HPβCD/Ang-(1–7) treatment led to CXCR4 downregulation, highlighting this C-X-C chemokine receptor as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic heart diseases.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1088/1751-8113/44/4/042003
|
No Spin Glass Phase In The Ferromagnetic Random Field Random Temperature Scalar Ginzburg Landau Model
|
Krzakala, Ricci-Tersenghi and Zdeborova have recently shown that the random field Ising model with non-negative interactions and an arbitrary external magnetic field on an arbitrary lattice does not have a static spin-glass phase. In this communication we generalize the proof to a soft scalar spin version of the Ising model: the Ginzburg–Landau model with a random magnetic field and a random temperature parameter. We do so by proving that the spin glass susceptibility cannot diverge unless the ferromagnetic susceptibility does.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1152/jn.00066.2014
|
Development of dendritic tonic GABAergic inhibition regulates excitability and plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neurons
|
Synaptic plasticity rules change during development: while hippocampal synapses can be potentiated by a single action potential pairing protocol in young neurons, mature neurons require burst firing to induce synaptic potentiation. An essential component for spike timing-dependent plasticity is the backpropagating action potential (BAP). BAP along the dendrites can be modulated by morphology and ion channel composition, both of which change during late postnatal development. However, it is unclear whether these dendritic changes can explain the developmental changes in synaptic plasticity induction rules. Here, we show that tonic GABAergic inhibition regulates dendritic action potential backpropagation in adolescent, but not preadolescent, CA1 pyramidal neurons. These developmental changes in tonic inhibition also altered the induction threshold for spike timing-dependent plasticity in adolescent neurons. This GABAergic regulatory effect on backpropagation is restricted to distal regions of apical dendrites (>200 μm) and mediated by α5-containing GABA(A) receptors. Direct dendritic recordings demonstrate α5-mediated tonic GABA(A) currents in adolescent neurons which can modulate BAPs. These developmental modulations in dendritic excitability could not be explained by concurrent changes in dendritic morphology. To explain our data, model simulations propose a distally increasing or localized distal expression of dendritic α5 tonic inhibition in mature neurons. Overall, our results demonstrate that dendritic integration and plasticity in more mature dendrites are significantly altered by tonic α5 inhibition in a dendritic region-specific and developmentally regulated manner.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
184946
|
Milli-Volt switch technologies for energy efficient computation and sensing
|
The Milli-Tech proposal aims at a novel technology platform serving both computation and sensing: electronic switch architectures, called steep slope switches, exploiting new device physics and concepts in emerging 2D materials to achieve operation at voltages below 100 millivolts. Such switches will have a subthreshold slope below 10mV/decade, significantly more abrupt than MOSFET thermal limit of 60mV/decade at room temperature and in great advance to any beyond CMOS switches. Such characteristics will dramatically improve both the energy efficiency of logic circuits and the transduction sensitivity for many classes of sensors.
The project will develop a technological platform called ‘millivolt technology’ focusing on low power digital and sensing/analog electronic functions exploiting steep slopes, with the goal of lowering the energy per useful function (computed and sensed bit of information) by a factor of 100x.
Such ultra-low operation voltage will contribute to solving major challenges of nanoelectronics such as power issues and it will enable energy efficient super-sensitive sensors for Internet-of-Everything (IoE).
Milli-Tech includes fundamental research on new solid-state steep slope device concepts: heterostructure tunnel FETs in 2D Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenides (TMD), 2D Van der Waals super-lattice energy filter switch and hybrid architectures combining two switching principles: band-to-band-tunneling and metal-insulator-transition or negative capacitance in VO2, used as additive technology boosters.
Milli-Tech plans breakthroughs by precise demonstrators: (i) energy efficient computation blocks for Von-Neumann ICs at sub-100mV, (ii) Active Pixel Sensors based on 2D TMD/GeSn tunnel FETs for IR imagers, (iii) Terahertz detectors based on hybrid 2D VO2/TMD switches (iii) ultra-sensitive 2D steep slope charge detectors for biosensing. The high-risk ‘millivolt technology’ will be highly rewarding by enabling the energy efficient revolution for IoE.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W1991059084
|
The factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Rwandans exposed to the 1994 genocide: A confirmatory factor analytic study using the PCL-C
|
The factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in Euro-American populations has been extensively studied, but confirmatory factor analytic studies from non-Western societies are lacking. Alternative models of DSM-IV symptoms were tested among Rwandan adults (N=465) who experienced trauma during the 1994 genocide. A cluster random survey was conducted with interviews held in Rwandan households. PTSD was assessed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version. Competing models were the DSM-IV, emotional numbing, dysphoria, aroused intrusion, and dysphoric arousal models. Results showed that the emotional numbing, dysphoria, and dysphoric arousal models had almost identical, good fit indices and fit the data significantly better than the other models. The emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal models also exhibited good construct validity. Results suggest that the latent structure of PTSD symptoms in Rwanda are comparable to that found in Euro-American samples, thereby lending further support to the cross-cultural validity of the construct.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
W1529782501
|
Abstract 153: High neuropilin-1 expression on monocytes is positively associated with trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line
|
Purpose Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) was initially characterized as a guide for migrating cells and axons in developing nervous systems and is essential for the precise formation of neurons and vasculature. However, it was recently reported to also play an important role in the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the role of Nrp1 on monocytes in trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) targeting the HER2-positive human breast cancer cell line SKBR3. In addition, we evaluated the gene expression profile of monocytes expressing high and low levels of Nrp1. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were prepared using BD Vacutainer CPT Cell Preparation Tubes. The cells were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-CD14 and allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-Nrp1 antibodies, and Nrp1high and Nrp1low monocyte subsets were sorted using FACSAria. These cells were used as effector cells in a conventional ADCC assay with SKBR3 as target cells and trastuzumab as the antibody. Target cell cytotoxicity was measured using the LDH cytotoxic test kit. The effector cell to target cell ratios of 20:1 and 10:1 were used. Gene expression analysis was performed by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays. All study protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Research, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (authorization number G424). Results The LDH cytotoxic test revealed significantly higher target cancer cell cytotoxicity in sorted Nrp1high monocytes than in Nrp1low monocytes (75% vs. 45%, p Conclusion These results suggest that determination of Nrp1 expression can be used to classify monocytes as populations with and without cellular cytotoxic activity. Analysis of Nrp1 expression levels in monocytes can therefore be used to identify HER2-positive breast cancer patients for whom trastuzumab therapy will be less effective. Citation Format: Kosuke Kawaguchi, Eiji Suzuki, Masao Kawashima, Masakazu Toi. High neuropilin-1 expression on monocytes is positively associated with trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 153. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-153
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W4281985442
|
New species, new combination, and a revised key to species of <i>Eburella</i> Monné & Martins (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Eburiini)
|
SummaryEburella crucena n. sp. is described from Bolivia. Beraba cauera Galileo & Martins, 1999 is transferred to Eburella Monné & Martins, 1973, with a new state record for Pará (Brazil). An updated key to species of Eburella is provided.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W2596319473
|
Why a hole is like a beam splitter: A general diffraction theory for multimode quantum states of light
|
Within the second-quantization framework, we develop a formalism for describing a spatially multimode optical field diffracted through a spatial mask and show that this process can be described as an effective interaction between various spatial modes. We demonstrate a method to calculate the quantum state in the diffracted optical field for any given quantum state in the incident field. Using numerical simulations, we also show that with single-mode squeezed-vacuum state input, the prediction of our theory is in qualitative agreement with our experimental data. We also give several additional examples of how the theory works, for various quantum input states, which may be easily tested in the lab; including two single-mode squeezed vacuums, single- and two-photon inputs, where we show the diffraction process produces two-mode squeezed vacuum, number-path entanglement and a Hong-Ou-Mandel-like effect--analogous to a beam splitter.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
948811
|
Revealing the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) in melanoma by multiplexed imaging
|
Immunotherapies targeting immune regulators are revolutionizing cancer treatment, most prominently in melanoma, but only for a subset of patients. While it is known that the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) plays a vital role in this process, there is limited understanding on how distinct tumor, immune and stroma cells interact as a system to collectively define progression and response to treatment, and there is no biomarker to predict patient response. Tumors are spatially organized ecosystems that are comprised of distinct cell types, each of which can assume a variety of phenotypes defined by coexpression of multiple proteins. To underscore this complexity, and move beyond single cells to multicellular interactions, it is essential to interrogate cellular expression patterns within their native context in the tissue.
We have recently pioneered MIBI-TOF (Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging by Time of Flight), a novel platform that enables simultaneous imaging of forty proteins within intact tissue sections at subcellular resolution. We propose to (1) Use MIBI-TOF to chart the iTME in dozens of clinical samples from melanoma patients and delineate its function in response to different immunotherapies. (2) Profile murine melanoma tumors to elucidate genetic and temporal mechanisms that drive iTME organization in vivo. (3) Develop new experimental tools for tracing and barcoding thousands of cells to decouple the effects of tumor genetics and the immune microenvironment on tumor organization and clonal dynamics. (4) Develop machine-learning-based algorithms to analyze this novel data and facilitate accessibility of the scientific community to high-dimensional imaging to study human malignancies.
This proposal applies state-of-the-art imaging technology and computation to unravel design principles of the iTME in melanoma, with a grand goal to reveal basic principles in tumor immunology and improve treatment and diagnostics.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
980604
|
Selendis: a novel detection strategy to discover light dark matter
|
Ordinary matter - which includes stars, galaxies, and the human body - only accounts for 20% of the total mass of the Universe. The missing mass consists of so-called Dark Matter (DM) which, while invisible, betrays its presence through gravitational effects on its surrounding environment. For the past several decades, DM particles have been extensively sought after but yet, keep eluding detection. Why? There is now compelling reasons to believe that these particles are lighter than first-anticipated. As a result, their discovery requires energy detection thresholds and background discrimination capabilities beyond state-of-the-art detector performance. The goal of this research proposal is to enable a potential light DM discovery. To achieve this aim, I want to develop a novel cryogenic detector technology called SELENDIS (Single ELEctron Nuclear recoil DIScrimination). The proposed detector will allow for the first time in DM search history for particle-type identification down to single electrons. After only two weeks of data taking, SELENDIS’ sensitivity to light DM will exceed that of state-of-the-art experiments. Based on my 6 years experience in DM searches, I will develop advanced competencies in cryogenics, cold-electronics, signal treatment, to cite but a few, in a multidisciplinary framework. I will work in a laboratory equipped with a cryostat with world-leading vibration levels within a team of experts in the development of cryogenic detectors for DM searches with EDELWEISS and low-energy neutrino physics with RICOCHET. Hosted in a top-class institution (IPNL/CNRS), this 24-month Marie Curie fellowship will support my future scientific career by providing me with technological competencies, broadening my network opportunities and developing my leadership capabilities. Because SELENDIS represents the next generation of light DM detectors, this research will contribute to European excellence and competitiveness in a frontier research field.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/97
|
Resolved Imaging Of The Hr 8799 Debris Disk With Herschel
|
We present Herschel far-infrared and submillimeter maps of the debris disk associated with the HR 8799 planetary system. We resolve the outer disk emission at 70, 100, 160 and 250 µm and detect the disk at 350 and 500 µm. A smooth model explains the observed disk emission well. We observe no obvious clumps or asymmetries associated with the trapping of planetesimals that is a potential consequence of planetary migration in the system. We estimate that the disk eccentricity must be < 0. 1. As in previous work by Su et al. (2009), we find a disk with three components: a warm inner component and two outer components, a planetesimal belt extending from 100 - 310 AU, with some flexibility (±10 AU) on the inner edge, and the external halo which extends to � 2000 AU. We measure the disk inclination to be 26 ± 3 ◦ from face-on at a position angle of 64 ◦ E of N, establishing that the disk is coplanar with the star and planets. The SED of the disk is well fit by blackbody grains whose semi-major axes lie within the planetesimal belt, suggesting an absence of small grains. The wavelength at which the spectrum steepens from blackbody, 47± 30 µm, however, is short compared to other A star debris disks, suggesting that there are atypically small grains likely populating the halo. The PACS longer wavelength data yield a lower disk color temperature than do MIPS data (24 and 70 µm), implying two distinct halo dust grain populations.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.3791/54447
|
Rapid Subtractive Patterning Of Live Cell Layers With A Microfluidic Probe
|
The microfluidic probe (MFP) facilitates performing local chemistry on biological substrates by confining nanoliter volumes of liquids. Using one particular implementation of the MFP, the hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hHFC), multiple liquids are simultaneously brought in contact with a substrate. Local chemical action and liquid shaping using the hHFC, is exploited to create cell patterns by locally lysing and removing cells. By utilizing the scanning ability of the MFP, user-defined patterns of cell monolayers are created. This protocol enables rapid, real-time and spatially controlled cell patterning, which can allow selective cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction studies.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.3389/fgene.2016.00048
|
POEM: Identifying joint additive effects on regulatory circuits
|
Motivation: Expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) mapping tackles the problem of identifying variation in DNA sequence that have an effect on the transcriptional regulatory network. Major computational efforts are aimed at characterizing the joint effects of several eQTLs acting in concert to govern the expression of the same genes. Yet, progress toward a comprehensive prediction of such joint effects is limited. For example, existing eQTL methods commonly discover interacting loci affecting the expression levels of a module of co-regulated genes. Such "modularization" approaches, however, are focused on epistatic relations and thus have limited utility for the case of additive (non-epistatic) effects. Results: Here we present POEM (Pairwise effect On Expression Modules), a methodology for identifying pairwise eQTL effects on gene modules. POEM is specifically designed to achieve high performance in the case of additive joint effects. We applied POEM to transcription profiles measured in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells across a population of genotyped mice. Our study reveals widespread additive, trans-acting pairwise effects on gene modules, characterizes their organizational principles, and highlights high-order interconnections between modules within the immune signaling network. These analyses elucidate the central role of additive pairwise effect in regulatory circuits, and provide computational tools for future investigations into the interplay between eQTLs.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1038/s41567-020-0914-9
|
Evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron stars
|
The theory governing the strong nuclear force—quantum chromodynamics—predicts that at sufficiently high energy densities, hadronic nuclear matter undergoes a deconfinement transition to a new phase of quarks and gluons1. Although this has been observed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions2,3, it is currently an open question whether quark matter exists inside neutron stars4. By combining astrophysical observations and theoretical ab initio calculations in a model-independent way, we find that the inferred properties of matter in the cores of neutron stars with mass corresponding to 1. 4 solar masses (M⊙) are compatible with nuclear model calculations. However, the matter in the interior of maximally massive stable neutron stars exhibits characteristics of the deconfined phase, which we interpret as evidence for the presence of quark-matter cores. For the heaviest reliably observed neutron stars5,6 with mass M ≈ 2M⊙, the presence of quark matter is found to be linked to the behaviour of the speed of sound cs in strongly interacting matter. If the conformal bound $${c}_{\rm{s}}^{2}\le 1/3$$ c s 2 ≤ 1 / 3 (ref. 7) is not strongly violated, massive neutron stars are predicted to have sizable quark-matter cores. This finding has important implications for the phenomenology of neutron stars and affects the dynamics of neutron star mergers with at least one sufficiently massive participant.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.1007/JHEP04(2014)103
|
Event Activity Dependence Of Υ Ns Production In Snn 5 02 Tev Ppb And S 2 76 Tev Pp Collisions
|
The production of Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) is investigated in pPb and pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies per nucleon pair of 5. 02 TeV and 2. 76 TeV, respectively. The datasets correspond to integrated luminosities of about 31 inverse nanobarns (pPb) and 5. 4 inverse picobarns (pp), collected in 2013 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upsilons that decay into muons are reconstructed within the rapidity interval abs(y[CM]) , are found to rise with both measures of the event activity in pp and pPb. In both collision systems, the ratios of the excited to the ground state cross sections, Y(nS)/Y(1S), are found to decrease with the charged-particle multiplicity, while as a function of the transverse energy the variation is less pronounced. The event activity integrated double ratios, [Y(nS)/Y(1S)][pPb] / [Y(nS)/Y(1S)][pp], are also measured and found to be 0. 83 +/- 0. 05 (stat. ) +/- 0. 05 (syst. ) and 0. 71 +/- 0. 08 (stat. ) +/- 0. 09 (syst. ) for Y(2S) and Y(3S), respectively.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
224418
|
Wafers for automotive and other key applications using memories, embedded in ulsi processors
|
The WAKEMEUP project objective is to set-up a pilot line for advanced microcontrollers with embedded non-volatile memory, design and manufacturing for the prototyping of innovative applications for the smart mobility and smart society domains.
The already defined microcontrollers with 40nm embedded flash technology will be consolidated to build a solid manufacturing platform. Additional developments will be performed for the integration of memory, power management, connectivity, hard security on the same chip.
The project will also target the industrialization of the embedded Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology built on top of the FDSOI 28nm logic process pilot line. The development of the ePCM will be driven by the final application requirements as well as decreasing the power consumption.
The alternative memory solutions will be also studied as they have different - and complementary - traits in such areas as read/write speed, power and energy consumption, retention and endurance, and device density and benchmarked with the ePCM and the conventional eFlash. Continued advances in materials, device physics, architectures and design could further reduce the energy consumption of these memories.
To achieve this goal of generating high value added semiconductor circuits in Europe in a breakthrough leading edge technology the project will deploy all the necessary activities to bring a new technology to an early industrial maturity stage. These activities encompass such developments as: technology enhancements for various specific application requirements such as wide temperature range and reliability, high security requests, high flexibility…, design enablment allowing first time silicon success, prototyping demonstrator products in the different application areas.
In the WAKEMEUP project, new devices and systems will be developed by the application partners in automotive and secure based on FD-SOI and embedded digital technology to answer specific applications needs.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.056
|
Compositional variability in mafic arc magmas over short spatial and temporal scales: Evidence for the signature of mantle reactive melt channels
|
Understanding arc magma genesis is critical to deciphering the construction of continental crust, understanding the relationship between plutonic and volcanic rocks, and for assessing volcanic hazards. Arc magma genesis is complex. Interpreting the underlying causes of major and trace element diversity in erupted magmas is challenging and often non-unique. To navigate this complexity mafic magma diversity is investigated using sample suites that span short temporal and spatial scales. These constraints allow us to evaluate models of arc magma genesis and their geochemical implications based on physical arguments and recent model results. Young volcanic deposits (≲18 kyr) are analysed from the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ), Chile, in particular suites of scoria cones on the flanks of arc stratovolcanoes that have erupted relatively primitive magmas of diverse compositions. Our study is centred on the high-resolution post-glacial tephrochronological record for Mocho-Choshuenco volcano where tight age constraints and a high density of scoria cones provide a spatially well-resolved mafic magma dataset. Two compositional trends emerge from the data. Firstly, magmas from cones on the flanks of the main edifice become more mafic with distance from the central vent. This is attributed to fractional crystallisation processes within the crust, with distal cones sampling less differentiated magmas. Secondly, there is a set of cones with distinct major and trace element compositions that are more primitive but enriched in incompatible elements relative to the central system and other ‘normal SVZ’ magmas. This distinct signature – termed the ‘Kangechi’ signature – is observed at three further clusters of cones within the SVZ. This is attributed to greater preservation of the enriched melt signature arising from reactive melt transport within the mantle wedge. Our model has important implications for arc magma genesis in general, and in particular for the spatial and temporal scales over which compositional variations are preserved in erupted magmas.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
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