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and fled with all that he had. Soon he was across the Euphrates and heading toward the hill country of Gilead.
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On the third day, Laban was told that Jacob had fled.
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So he took his kinsmen with him and pursued him a distance of seven days, catching up with him in the hill country of Gilead.
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But God appeared to Laban the Aramean in a dream by night and said to him, "Beware of attempting anything with Jacob, good or bad."
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Laban overtook Jacob. Jacob had pitched his tent on the Height, and Laban with his kinsmen encamped in the hill country of Gilead.
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And Laban said to Jacob, "What did you mean by keeping me in the dark and carrying off my daughters like captives of the sword?
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Why did you flee in secrecy and mislead me and not tell me? I would have sent you off with festive music, with timbrel and lyre.
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You did not even let me kiss my sons and daughters * sons and daughters So NJPS; Heb. levanai we-livnotai , a stock phrase (see, e.g., 46.15; 1 Sam. 30.6; Neh. 5.5) that means "progeny," thus including grandchildren. good-by! It was a foolish thing for you to do.
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I have it in my power to do you harm; but the God of your father's [house] said to me last night, ‘Beware of attempting anything with Jacob, good or bad.'
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Very well, you had to leave because you were longing for your father's house; but why did you steal my gods?"
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Jacob answered Laban, saying, "I was afraid because I thought you would take your daughters from me by force.
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But anyone with whom you find your gods shall not remain alive! In the presence of our kin, point out what I have of yours and take it." Jacob, of course, did not know that Rachel had stolen them.
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So Laban went into Jacob's tent and Leah's tent and the tents of the two maidservants; but he did not find them. Leaving Leah's tent, he entered Rachel's tent.
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Rachel, meanwhile, had taken the idols and placed them in the camel cushion and sat on them; and Laban rummaged through the tent without finding them.
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For she said to her father, "Let not my lord take it amiss that I cannot rise before you, for I am in a womanly way." Thus he searched, but could not find the household idols.
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Now Jacob became incensed and took up his grievance with Laban. Jacob spoke up and said to Laban, "What is my crime, what is my guilt that you should pursue me?
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You rummaged through all my things; what have you found of all your household objects? Set it here, before my kin and yours, and let them decide between us two.
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"These twenty years I have spent in your service, your ewes and she-goats never miscarried, nor did I feast on rams from your flock.
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That which was torn by beasts I never brought to you; I myself made good the loss; you exacted it of me, whether snatched by day or snatched by night.
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Often, * Often Lit. "I was." scorching heat ravaged me by day and frost by night; and sleep fled from my eyes.
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Of the twenty years that I spent in your household, I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flocks; and you changed my wages time and again. * time and again Lit. "ten times."
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Had not the God of my father's [house]—the God of Abraham and the Fear * Fear Meaning of Heb. pahad uncertain. of Isaac—been with me, you would have sent me away empty-handed. But it was my plight and the toil of my hands that God took notice of—and gave judgment on last night."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.31.42", "ref": "Genesis 31:42", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 7017.45635484443 }
Then Laban spoke up and said to Jacob, "The daughters are my daughters, the children are my children, and the flocks are my flocks; all that you see is mine. Yet what can I do now about my daughters or the children they have borne?
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Come, then, let us make a pact, you and I, that there may be a witness between you and me."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.31.44", "ref": "Genesis 31:44", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 4005.6937549177787 }
Thereupon Jacob took a stone and set it up as a pillar.
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And Jacob said to his kinsmen, "Gather stones." So they took stones and made a mound; and they partook of a meal there by the mound.
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Laban named it Yegar-sahadutha, * Yegar-sahadutha Aramaic for "the mound (or: stone-heap) of witness." but Jacob named it Gal-ed. * Gal-ed Heb. for "the mound (or: stone-heap) of witness," reflecting the name Gilead, v. 23.
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And Laban declared, "This mound is a witness between you and me this day." That is why it was named Gal-ed;
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and [it was called] Mizpah, because he said, "May יהוה watch * watch Heb. yiseph , associated with Mizpah . between you and me, when we are out of sight of each other.
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If you ill-treat my daughters or take other wives besides my daughters—though no one else * one else Or "participant," i.e., one of the witnesses to this agreement, who is thereby authorized to intervene if it is violated; cf. Kimhi, and see the Dictionary under 'ish . be about, remember, it is God who will be witness between you and me."
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And Laban said to Jacob, "Here is this mound and here the pillar which I have set up between you and me:
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this mound shall be witness and this pillar shall be witness that I am not to cross to you past this mound, and that you are not to cross to me past this mound and this pillar, with hostile intent.
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May the God of Abraham's [house] and the god of Nahor's [house]"—their ancestral deities—"judge between us." And Jacob swore by the Fear * Fear Meaning of Heb. pahad uncertain. of his father Isaac's [house].
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Jacob then offered up a sacrifice on the Height, and invited his kinsmen to partake of the meal. After the meal, they spent the night on the Height.
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Early in the morning, Laban kissed his sons and daughters * sons and daughters See note at 31.28. and bade them good-by; then Laban left on his journey homeward.
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Jacob went on his way, and messengers of God encountered him.
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When he saw them, Jacob said, "This is God's camp." So he named that place Mahanaim. * Mahanaim Connected with Heb. mahaneh "camp."
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Jacob sent messengers ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom,
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and instructed them as follows, "Thus shall you say, ‘To my lord Esau, thus says your servant Jacob: * Thus shall you say, ‘To my lord Esau, thus says your servant Jacob…' Or "Thus you shall say to my lord Esau, ‘Thus says your servant Jacob…'" I stayed with Laban and remained until now;
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I have acquired cattle, asses, sheep, and male and female slaves; and I send this message to my lord in the hope of gaining your favor.'"
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The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, "We came to your brother Esau; he himself is coming to meet you, and his retinue * retinue Trad. "men," yet women may be in view. See 33.15; cf. 24.59; contrast Judg. 9.49 with Exod. 32.28. See further the Dictionary under 'ish . numbers four hundred."
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Jacob was greatly frightened; in his anxiety, he divided the people with him, and the flocks and herds and camels, into two camps,
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thinking, "If Esau comes to the one camp and attacks it, the other camp may yet escape."
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Then Jacob said, "O God of my father Abraham's [house] and God of my father Isaac's [house], O יהוה, who said to me, ‘Return to your native land and I will deal bountifully with you'!
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I am unworthy of all the kindness that You have so steadfastly shown Your servant: with my staff alone I crossed this Jordan, and now I have become two camps.
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Deliver me, I pray, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau; else, I fear, he may come and strike me down, mothers and children alike.
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Yet You have said, ‘I will deal bountifully with you and make your offspring as the sands of the sea, which are too numerous to count.'"
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After spending the night there, he selected from what was at hand these presents for his brother Esau:
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200 she-goats and 20 he-goats; 200 ewes and 20 rams;
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30 milch camels with their colts; 40 cows and 10 bulls; 20 she-asses and 10 he-asses.
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These he put in the charge of his servants, drove by drove, and he told his servants, "Go on ahead, and keep a distance between droves."
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He instructed the one in front as follows, "When my brother Esau meets you and asks you, ‘Who's your master? Where are you going? And whose [animals] are these ahead of you?'
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you shall answer, ‘Your servant Jacob's; they are a gift sent to my lord Esau; and [Jacob] himself is right behind us.'"
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He gave similar instructions to the second one, and the third, and all the others who followed the droves, namely, "Thus and so shall you say to Esau when you reach him.
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And you shall add, ‘And your servant Jacob himself is right behind us.'" For he reasoned, "If I propitiate him with presents in advance, and then face him, perhaps he will show me favor."
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And so the gift went on ahead, while he remained in camp that night.
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That same night he arose, and taking his two wives, his two maidservants, and his eleven sons, * sons NJPS "children"; Heb. yeladim . Given the specified number, the reference cannot include Jacob's daughter(s). English idiom warrants the greater gender specificity. he crossed the ford of the Jabbok.
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After taking them across the stream, he sent across all his possessions.
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Jacob was left alone. And a figure * figure Or "[divine] agent." The expectation of divine intervention (see 28.15; 32.10–13) via a nearby agent (see 32.2–3) evokes this extended sense. Cf. 18.2; see further the Dictionary under 'ish ; Agent. wrestled with him until the break of dawn.
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When he saw that he had not prevailed against him, he wrenched Jacob's hip at its socket, so that the socket of his hip was strained as he wrestled with him.
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Then he said, "Let me go, for dawn is breaking." But he answered, "I will not let you go, unless you bless me."
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Said the other, "What is your name?" He replied, "Jacob."
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Said he, "Your name shall no longer be Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven * striven Heb. saritha , connected with first part of "Israel." with beings divine and human, * beings divine and human Or "God ( Elohim , connected with second part of ‘Israel') and human beings." and have prevailed."
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Jacob asked, "Pray tell me your name." But he said, "You must not ask my name!" And he took leave of him there.
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So Jacob named the place Peniel, * Peniel Understood as "face of God." meaning, "I have seen a divine being face to face, yet my life has been preserved."
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The sun rose upon him as he passed Penuel, limping on his hip.
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That is why the children of Israel to this day do not eat the thigh muscle that is on the socket of the hip, since Jacob's hip socket was wrenched at the thigh muscle.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.32.33", "ref": "Genesis 32:33", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 42121.27944645807 }
Looking up, Jacob saw Esau coming, with a retinue * retinue See note at 32.7. of four hundred. He divided the children * children Heb. yeladim , referring here only to Jacob's sons (see 32.23) in anticipation of their becoming the progenitors of Israel's tribes; and so through v. 14. among Leah, Rachel, and the two maids,
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.1", "ref": "Genesis 33:1", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 132639.67535207942 }
putting the maids and their children first, Leah and her children next, and Rachel and Joseph last.
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He himself went on ahead and bowed low to the ground seven times until he was near his brother.
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Esau ran to greet him. He embraced him and, falling on his neck, he kissed him; and they wept.
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Looking about, he saw the women and the children. "Who," he asked, "are these with you?" He answered, "The children with whom God has favored your servant."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.5", "ref": "Genesis 33:5", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 7754.299681914624 }
Then the maids, with their children, came forward and bowed low;
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.6", "ref": "Genesis 33:6", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 17739.729421043296 }
next Leah, with her children, came forward and bowed low; and last, Joseph and Rachel came forward and bowed low.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.7", "ref": "Genesis 33:7", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 5269.436847446468 }
And he asked, "What do you mean by all this company which I have met?" He answered, "To gain my lord's favor."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.8", "ref": "Genesis 33:8", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 11877.83038128882 }
Esau said, "I have enough, my brother; let what you have remain yours."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.9", "ref": "Genesis 33:9", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 24626.30827510354 }
But Jacob said, "No, I pray you; if you would do me this favor, accept from me this gift; for to see your face is like seeing the face of God, and you have received me favorably.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.10", "ref": "Genesis 33:10", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 23133.247534196806 }
Please accept my present which has been brought to you, for God has favored me and I have plenty." And when he urged him, he accepted.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.11", "ref": "Genesis 33:11", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 20318.441217512715 }
And [Esau] said, "Let us start on our journey, and I will proceed at your pace."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.12", "ref": "Genesis 33:12", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 13886.74868201043 }
But he said to him, "My lord knows that the children are frail and that the flocks and herds, which are nursing, are a care to me; if they are driven hard a single day, all the flocks will die.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.13", "ref": "Genesis 33:13", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 5136.225244639842 }
Let my lord go on ahead of his servant, while I travel slowly, at the pace of the cattle before me and at the pace of the children, until I come to my lord in Seir."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.14", "ref": "Genesis 33:14", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 7580.112537431388 }
Then Esau said, "Let me assign to you some of the people who are with me." But he said, "Oh no, my lord is too kind to me!"
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.15", "ref": "Genesis 33:15", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 4830.611202010774 }
So Esau started back that day on his way to Seir.
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But Jacob journeyed on to Succoth, and built a house for himself and made stalls for his cattle; that is why the place was called Succoth. * Succoth Meaning "stalls," "huts," "booths."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.17", "ref": "Genesis 33:17", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 34024.55465353267 }
Jacob arrived safe in the city of Shechem which is in the land of Canaan—having come thus from Paddan-aram—and he encamped before the city.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.18", "ref": "Genesis 33:18", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 43679.05531457205 }
The parcel of land where he pitched his tent he purchased from the kin of Hamor, Shechem's father, for a hundred kesitah s. * kesitahs Heb. qesitah , a unit of unknown value.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.19", "ref": "Genesis 33:19", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 4935.3254884690805 }
He set up an altar there, and called it El-elohe-yisrael. * El-elohe-yisrael "El, God of Israel."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.33.20", "ref": "Genesis 33:20", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 7587.559778568459 }
Now Dinah, the daughter whom Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the daughters of the land.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.1", "ref": "Genesis 34:1", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 423647.43958786584 }
Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, chief of the country, saw her, and took her and lay with her and disgraced her. * and disgraced her Heb. wa-y‘anneha , lit. "and violated her." NJPS "by force," but whether Dinah consented is not stated, and is not at issue; regardless, by the norms of the ancient Near East, she was disgraced. OJPS "and humbled her."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.2", "ref": "Genesis 34:2", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 38478.218394305986 }
Being strongly drawn to Dinah daughter of Jacob, and in love with the maiden, he spoke to the maiden tenderly.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.3", "ref": "Genesis 34:3", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 26197.105918384063 }
So Shechem said to his father Hamor, "Get me this girl as a wife."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.4", "ref": "Genesis 34:4", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 14822.739649452895 }
Jacob heard that he had defiled his daughter Dinah; but since his sons were in the field with his cattle, Jacob kept silent until they came home.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.5", "ref": "Genesis 34:5", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 33956.62246997625 }
Then Shechem's father Hamor came out to Jacob to speak to him.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.6", "ref": "Genesis 34:6", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 13549.778858918351 }
Meanwhile Jacob's sons, having heard the news, came in from the field. The men * The men More precisely, "the [salient] participants [in the situation]," namely Jacob's sons. See the Dictionary under 'ish . were distressed and very angry, because he had committed an outrage in Israel by lying with Jacob's daughter—a thing not to be done.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.7", "ref": "Genesis 34:7", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 31313.930493188444 }
And Hamor spoke with them, saying, "My son Shechem longs for your daughter. Please give her to him in marriage.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.8", "ref": "Genesis 34:8", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 19852.92257885081 }
Intermarry with us: give your daughters to us, and take our daughters for yourselves:
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You will dwell among us, and the land will be open before you; settle, move about, and acquire holdings in it."
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Then Shechem said to her father and brothers, "Do me this favor, and I will pay whatever you tell me.
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.11", "ref": "Genesis 34:11", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 14019.824316229873 }
Ask of me a bride-price ever so high, as well as gifts, and I will pay what you tell me; only give me the maiden for a wife."
{ "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.34.12", "ref": "Genesis 34:12", "versionTitle": "The Contemporary Torah, Jewish Publication Society, 2006", "lang": "en", "docCategory": "Tanakh", "dataQuality": "professional", "pagerank": 14564.163852619527 }
Jacob's sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor—speaking with guile because he had defiled their sister Dinah—
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