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Context: On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics. Question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR adopted? Answer: June 12, 1990 Question: What body passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR? Answer: the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic Question: What was the name of the period inaugurated by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR? Answer: the "War of Laws" Question: What government was the Russian Federation fighting against during this period? Answer: the Soviet Union Question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR rejected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What body rejected the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the period ended by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What government was the Russian Federation fighting alongside during this period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What government was the Russian Federation not fighting against during this period? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Alloys are often made to alter the mechanical properties of the base metal, to induce hardness, toughness, ductility, or other desired properties. Most metals and alloys can be work hardened by creating defects in their crystal structure. These defects are created during plastic deformation, such as hammering or bending, and are permanent unless the metal is recrystallized. However, some alloys can also have their properties altered by heat treatment. Nearly all metals can be softened by annealing, which recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects, but not as many can be hardened by controlled heating and cooling. Many alloys of aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened to some degree by some method of heat treatment, but few respond to this to the same degree that steel does. Question: What kind of treatment can be made to alter it's properties? Answer: heat treatment Question: Softening metals can be achieved by? Answer: annealing Question: Aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened by? Answer: heat treatment Question: Annealling softens metals by achieving what? Answer: recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects Question: what is made to stabalize the properties of base metals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: \|Creating defects in what softens a metal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does recrystalization make permanent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does annealing harden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does annealing cause defects in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from the actual MP3 frame data. MP3 decoders either extract information from the tags, or just treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data. Question: Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists? Answer: ID3v2 Question: What is the most recently introduced standard for tag formatting? Answer: APEv2 Question: What is the second place in a file that tags are normally stored, with the first being at the beginning? Answer: end Question: What is important to note about where the tags are stored? Answer: separate from the actual MP3 frame data Question: If the MP3 decoders do not extract information from the tags, what do they do to them? Answer: treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data
Context: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of police operations, such as a power to authorize a search of a suspect's house (section 18 PACE in England and Wales) by an officer of the rank of Inspector, or the power to authorize a suspect's detention beyond 24 hours by a Superintendent. Question: What is the legal status of UK police officers? Answer: constables Question: What can only Inspector-ranked UK officers do? Answer: authorize a search of a suspect's house Question: What can only Superintendent-ranked UK officers do? Answer: authorize a suspect's detention beyond 24 hours Question: What powers of a new UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's? Answer: arrest Question: What is the illegal status of UK police officers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the legal status of UN police officers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can all UK officers do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can't only Superintendent-ranked UK officers do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What powers of an old UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Midrash compilation, Genesis Rabbah, Rabbi Berechiah mentions Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah as German tribes or as German lands. It may correspond to a Greek word that may have existed in the Greek dialect of the Palestinian Jews, or the text is corrupted from "Germanica." This view of Berechiah is based on the Talmud (Yoma 10a; Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 71b), where Gomer, the father of Ashkenaz, is translated by Germamia, which evidently stands for Germany, and which was suggested by the similarity of the sound. Question: What is the name of the Midrash compilation? Answer: Genesis Rabbah Question: What is the name of the Rabbi mentioned in relation to the Genesis Rabbah? Answer: Rabbi Berechiah Question: What are the three German tribes or German lands talked about by Rabbi Berechiah? Answer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah Question: Rabbi Berechiah's view is based on what? Answer: the Talmud
Context: When Zeus struck down Apollo's son Asclepius with a lightning bolt for resurrecting Hippolytus from the dead (transgressing Themis by stealing Hades's subjects), Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes, who had fashioned the bolt for Zeus. Apollo would have been banished to Tartarus forever for this, but was instead sentenced to one year of hard labor, due to the intercession of his mother, Leto. During this time he served as shepherd for King Admetus of Pherae in Thessaly. Admetus treated Apollo well, and, in return, the god conferred great benefits on Admetus. Question: Who is Apollo's son? Answer: Asclepius Question: Why did Zeus strike down Asclepius with a lightning bolt? Answer: for resurrecting Hippolytus from the dead Question: How long was Apollo sentenced for killing Cyclopes? Answer: one year of hard labor
Context: Detroit has struggled with high crime for decades. Detroit held the title of murder capital between 1985-1987 with a murder rate around 58 per 100,000. Crime has since decreased and, in 2014, the murder rate was 43.4 per 100,000, lower than in St. Louis, Missouri. Although the murder rate increased by 6% during the first half of 2015, it was surpassed by St Louis and Baltimore which saw much greater spikes in violence. At year-end 2015, Detroit had 295 criminal homicides, down slightly from 299 in 2014. Question: What was Detroit's murder rate in 2014? Answer: 43.4 per 100,000 Question: What was Detroit's murder rate in the mid to late 80s? Answer: 58 per 100,000 Question: What city had a higher murder rate than Detroit in 2014? Answer: St. Louis Question: How many murders did Detroit have in 2014? Answer: 299 Question: How many murders did Detroit have in 2015? Answer: 295
Context: Since the mid-2000s, the mainstreaming of bands like Wilco and Feist have pushed indie rock into the adult contemporary conversation. In the early 2010s, indie musicians like Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers and Ed Sheeran also had indie songs that crossed over to the adult contemporary charts. Question: What genre of music are bands like Feist and Wilco? Answer: indie rock Question: Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success? Answer: Imagine Dragons Question: In what decade did indie musicians first began getting attention from the adult contemporary audience? Answer: 2000s
Context: To create green sparks, fireworks use barium salts, such as barium chlorate, barium nitrate crystals, or barium chloride, also used for green fireplace logs. Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames. Green pyrotechnic flares can use a mix ratio 75:25 of boron and potassium nitrate. Smoke can be turned green by a mixture: solvent yellow 33, solvent green 3, lactose, magnesium carbonate plus sodium carbonate added to potassium chlorate. Question: How do fireworks create green sparks? Answer: barium salts Question: Which copper salt can produce green glames? Answer: cupric chloride Question: What is the ratio of boron to potassium nitrate in green pyrotechnic flares? Answer: 75:25 Question: What is the ratio of yellow to green in green smoke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for copper salts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of copper salts are used in fireworks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What else are copper salts used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two solvents are used in green pyrotechnic flares? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a division into five periods. Natufian (1) between 12,000 and 10,200 BC, Khiamian (2) between 10,200-8,800 BC, PPNA: Sultanian (Jericho), Mureybetian, early PPNB (PPNB ancien) (3) between 8,800-7,600 BC, middle PPNB (PPNB moyen) 7,600-6,900 BC, late PPNB (PPNB récent) (4) between 7,500 and 7,000 BC and a PPNB (sometimes called PPNC) transitional stage (PPNB final) (5) where Halaf and dark faced burnished ware begin to emerge between 6,900-6,400 BC. They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad. Question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into ten periods? Answer: Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche Question: What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods? Answer: social, economic and cultural characteristics Question: When was the original division of 10 advanced to a division of 5? Answer: 2002 Question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into five periods? Answer: Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès Question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into nine periods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What traits did researchers use to divide the nine periods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the original division of 9 advanced to a division of 5? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology in to four periods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who advanced the idea of a final stage between the PPNA and PPNB? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festival of Vestalia, they participated directly in the rites of Parilia, Parentalia and Fordicidia. Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation. Question: Where could a householder rekindle the home's flame? Answer: Vesta's flame Question: For what state artifacts did the Vestals care? Answer: Lares and Penates Question: What was the Vestal festival called? Answer: Vestalia Question: To what part of official state sacrifices did the Vestals attend? Answer: mola salsa Question: What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices? Answer: Indirect
Context: Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a spring hunting season for black bear and in most years, limited hunting of bison that leave Yellowstone National Park is allowed. Current law allows both hunting and trapping of a specific number of wolves and mountain lions. Trapping of assorted fur bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. Question: What is the name of the big game hunting foundation in Montana? Answer: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Question: What season is black bear hunting allowed? Answer: spring Question: What two predators can be hunted in specific numbers? Answer: wolves and mountain lions
Context: The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitution or Sharia (Islamic law), it is referred back to Parliament for revision. The Expediency Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and the Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country. Local city councils are elected by public vote to four-year terms in all cities and villages of Iran. Question: How many jurists are in the Guardian Council? Answer: twelve jurists Question: Who can veto Parliament? Answer: The Guardian Council Question: What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council? Answer: The Expediency Council Question: How long are the terms of local city councils that are present in all Iranian cities and villages? Answer: four-year terms Question: Who is responsible for interpreting the Constitution? Answer: The Guardian Council
Context: A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility. Question: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences? Answer: Hegel Question: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published? Answer: 1807 Question: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed? Answer: individuality Question: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual? Answer: State Question: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed? Answer: bourgeois Question: When was Philosophy of Right published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Climacus write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term did Hegel coin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Hegel's ideas did Climacus accept? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Climacus's criticism of Hegel published? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 18 September, Stalin dispatched General H. M. Zakharov to Korea to advise Kim Il-sung to halt his offensive around the Pusan perimeter and to redeploy his forces to defend Seoul. Chinese commanders were not briefed on North Korean troop numbers or operational plans. As the overall commander of Chinese forces, Zhou Enlai suggested that the North Koreans should attempt to eliminate the enemy forces at Inchon only if they had reserves of at least 100,000 men; otherwise, he advised the North Koreans to withdraw their forces north. Question: Who was sent to Korea to act as an advisor to Kim Il-Sung? Answer: General H. M. Zakharov Question: Why did Kim Il-Sung redeploy his military troops? Answer: to defend Seoul Question: Who was not being briefed on the operational plans or the number of troops in combat? Answer: Chinese commanders Question: When was it advised for North Koreans to attempt to defeat the opposing forces at Inchon? Answer: if they had reserves of at least 100,000 men
Context: The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset prices generally move inversely to interest rates, and it became riskier to speculate in housing. U.S. housing and financial assets dramatically declined in value after the housing bubble burst. Question: When did the Fed begin raising Fed funds rate significantly? Answer: July 2004 Question: What does ARM stand for: Answer: adjustable-rate mortgage Question: How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates? Answer: inversely Question: Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners? Answer: raised the Fed funds rate Question: How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst? Answer: dramatically declined in value
Context: Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port. The River Parrett was navigable by large ships as far as Bridgwater. Cargoes were then loaded onto smaller boats at Langport Quay, next to the Bridgwater Bridge, to be carried further up river to Langport; or they could turn off at Burrowbridge and then travel via the River Tone to Taunton. The Parrett is now only navigable as far as Dunball Wharf. Bridgwater, in the 19th and 20th centuries, was a centre for the manufacture of bricks and clay roof tiles, and later cellophane, but those industries have now stopped. With its good links to the motorway system, Bridgwater has developed as a distribution hub for companies such as Argos, Toolstation, Morrisons and Gerber Juice. AgustaWestland manufactures helicopters in Yeovil, and Normalair Garratt, builder of aircraft oxygen systems, is also based in the town. Many towns have encouraged small-scale light industries, such as Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company, one of the UK's smallest car manufacturers. Question: What is the leading port of somerset Answer: Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port Question: what was manufacture in Bridgeport in the 19th and 20th century Answer: was a centre for the manufacture of bricks and clay roof tiles, and later cellophane, but those industries have now stopped Question: The good motor system presently allows for Answer: Bridgwater has developed as a distribution hub for companies such as Argos, Toolstation, Morrisons and Gerber Juice Question: where are aircraft manufactured Answer: AgustaWestland manufactures helicopters in Yeovil, and Normalair Garratt, builder of aircraft oxygen systems Question: What do many towns encourage Answer: Many towns have encouraged small-scale light industries, such as Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company, one of the UK's smallest car manufacturers Question: What company uses Langport as a distribution hub? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what town is Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company based? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was this area's leading port before the Industrial Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the UK's biggest car manufacturers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What large company is based in Taunton? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers. Like China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan have also been referred to as middle powers. Question: What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons? Answer: Japan and Germany Question: Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what? Answer: UN Security Council Question: What is the name for the grouping of countries of China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan? Answer: middle powers Question: What two countries are great powers because of their hard power capabilities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grouping of world powers has Japan been a member of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What benefits do middle power countries have as permanent members at the UN? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How large are France and Russia's economies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the five permanent Security Council Members lacking militarily? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West, ancient Greek art was influential in shaping the Roman and later the modern western artistic heritage. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the western world. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan. Question: What input did the Greeks have on artistry of the world ? Answer: visual, literary and performing arts. Question: What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ? Answer: the Renaissance in Europe Question: What important heritage of art from Greece was celebrated during this time ? Answer: the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Question: What enacted the transactions of customs and ways of life for the people of the Asian continent and the Grecian people ? Answer: In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures Question: In the Land of the Rising Sun, what influence was of Greek descent ? Answer: Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan. Question: What input did the French have on artistry of the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period in Asia was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What important heritage of art from France was celebrated during this time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What enacted the transactions of customs and ways of life for the people of the Asian continent and the French people Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the Land of the Rising Sun, what influence was of non-Greek descent ? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Command and control is "the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission" (JP 1-02). This core function includes all of the C2-related capabilities and activities associated with air, space, cyberspace, nuclear, and agile combat support operations to achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives. Question: What is the definition of Command and Control in the Air Force operations? Answer: exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces Question: Who is in charge of the Command and Control operations? Answer: commander in planning Question: What is one of the C2 related functions that the Command and Control mission of the Air Force uses? Answer: agile combat support operations Question: What are the main objectives of the Command and Control initiative? Answer: achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives
Context: Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." Question: What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt? Answer: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism Question: What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi? Answer: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser Question: What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup? Answer: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution Question: Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life. Answer: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961 Question: What political ideology did Nasser implement? Answer: transition from capitalism to socialism Question: What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha? Answer: Egyptian Question: From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast? Answer: Cairo Question: What notable event occurred in 1952? Answer: Egyptian Revolution Question: When did the United Arab Republic end? Answer: 1961 Question: What political leader did Gaddafi greatly admire? Answer: Nasser
Context: Early computing machines had fixed programs. Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine. With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed. A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that details the computation. The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was laid by Alan Turing in his 1936 paper. In 1945 Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory and began work on developing an electronic stored-program digital computer. His 1945 report ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’ was the first specification for such a device. John von Neumann at the University of Pennsylvania, also circulated his First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC in 1945. Question: The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom? Answer: Alan Turing Question: When did Alan Turing write his paper about the basis for the stored-program computer? Answer: 1936 Question: When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory? Answer: 1945 Question: The first outline for the report on the EDVAC was released by John von Neumann when? Answer: 1945. Question: Where did John von Neumann circulate the first draft of a report on the EDVAC? Answer: University of Pennsylvania
Context: One adaptation helping both predators and prey avoid detection is camouflage, a form of crypsis where species have an appearance that helps them blend into the background. Camouflage consists of not only color but also shape and pattern. The background upon which the organism is seen can be both its environment (e.g., the praying mantis to the right resembling dead leaves) or other organisms (e.g., zebras' stripes blend in with each other in a herd, making it difficult for lions to focus on a single target). The more convincing camouflage is, the more likely it is that the organism will go unseen. Question: Which adaptation helps both predators and prey? Answer: camouflage Question: What term is used for an adaptation that enables species to blend into the background? Answer: camouflage Question: Camoflauge consists of what else, in addition to color? Answer: shape and pattern Question: Ogranisms use camoflauge to blend with their habitat and what else? Answer: other organisms Question: What characteristic helps only prey not be seen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What else can be used to describe dead leaves besides their color? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it a form of when lions can see a single zebra? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a praying mantis use to build its home? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What method does a praying mantis use when hunting? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. Question: How many German Americans are there? Answer: 50 million Question: How many Germans live in Brazil? Answer: 5 million Question: How many people in the world have German heritage? Answer: 100 million Question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people? Answer: one third Question: How many people of German decent live in the Americas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many German speaking people live in Brazil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many German speaking people live around the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What countries claim 1 million people of German descent between them? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city is home to 15 am and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations. St. John's is the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not all begin with the letter C. The ITU prefix VO was assigned to the Dominion of Newfoundland before the province joined Canadian Confederation in 1949, and three AM stations kept their existing call letters. However, other commercial radio stations in St. John's which went to air after 1949 use the same range of prefixes (CF–CK) currently in use elsewhere in Canada, with the exception of VOCM-FM, which was permitted to adopt the VOCM callsign because of its corporate association with the AM station that already bore that callsign. VO also remains in use in amateur radio. Question: How many radio station does the city have? Answer: 15 Question: How many French-language stations does the city have? Answer: two Question: When did the province join the Canadian Confederation? Answer: 1949 Question: What city has 15 am stations Answer: Unanswerable Question: What public station went on air in 1949? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Queen have been recognised as having made significant contributions to such genres as hard rock, and heavy metal, among others. Hence, the band have been cited as an influence by many other musicians. Moreover, like their music, the bands and artists that have claimed to be influenced by Queen and have expressed admiration for them are diverse, spanning different generations, countries, and genres, including heavy metal: Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Dream Theater, Trivium, Megadeth, Anthrax, Slipknot and Rage Against the Machine; hard rock: Guns N' Roses, Def Leppard, Van Halen, Mötley Crüe, Steve Vai, the Cult, the Darkness, Manic Street Preachers, Kid Rockand Foo Fighters; alternative rock: Nirvana, Radiohead, Trent Reznor, Muse, Franz Ferdinand, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, Faith No More, Melvins, the Flaming Lips, Yeah Yeah Yeahs and The Smashing Pumpkins; pop rock: Meat Loaf, The Killers, My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy and Panic! At the Disco; and pop: Michael Jackson, George Michael, Robbie Williams, Adele, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry. Question: Which King of Pop was influenced by Queen? Answer: Michael Jackson Question: Several groups from which type of metal were influenced by Queen? Answer: heavy metal Question: This band named after an animal was inspired by Queen? Answer: Def Leppard Question: This band with a flower in their name was influenced by Queen? Answer: Guns N' Roses
Context: Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem. Question: What gender of musician has historically made up a large amount of professional orchestras? Answer: male Question: Women were first hired in professional orchestras for what position? Answer: harpist Question: What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women? Answer: 1997 Question: Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position? Answer: the Berlin Philharmonic Question: Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996? Answer: Dieter Flury
Context: Two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area. In 1999, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge either crossed the Thames, or went to a now lost island in the river. Dendrology dated the timbers to 1500 BC. In 2010 the foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4500 BC, were found on the Thames foreshore, south of Vauxhall Bridge. The function of the mesolithic structure is not known. Both structures are on South Bank, at a natural crossing point where the River Effra flows into the River Thames. Question: What river flows into the River Thames? Answer: the River Effra Question: The remains of an ancient bridge found on the shore of the River Thames was dated back to what archaeological period? Answer: Bronze Age Question: The remains of what type of structure from the mesolithic period was found on the River Thames's foreshore? Answer: not known Question: How many ancient structures' ruins have been found near the River Thames in recent history? Answer: Two Question: The remains of an unknown ancient structure found on the River Thames foreshore dated back to approximately what year? Answer: 4500 BC
Context: Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic Machine Head line-up to produce Perfect Strangers (1984), which reached number five in the UK, hit the top five in five other countries, and was a platinum-seller in the US. After somewhat slower sales of its fourth album, Fair Warning, Van Halen rebounded with the Top 3 album Diver Down in 1982, then reached their commercial pinnacle with 1984. It reached number two on the Billboard album chart and provided the track "Jump", which reached number one on the singles chart and remained there for several weeks. Heart, after floundering during the first half of the decade, made a comeback with their eponymous ninth studio album which hit number one and contained four Top 10 singles including their first number one hit. The new medium of video channels was used with considerable success by bands formed in previous decades. Among the first were ZZ Top, who mixed hard blues rock with new wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles, beginning with "Gimme All Your Lovin'" (1983), which helped their albums Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively. Others found renewed success in the singles charts with power ballads, including REO Speedwagon with "Keep on Loving You" (1980) and "Can't Fight This Feeling" (1984), Journey with "Don't Stop Believin'" (1981) and "Open Arms" (1982), Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is", Scorpions' "Still Loving You" (both from 1984), Heart’s "What About Love" (1985) and "These Dreams" (1986), and Boston's "Amanda" (1986). Question: What was the title of Deep Purple's 1980s reunion album? Answer: Perfect Strangers Question: What album was Van Halen's commercial high point? Answer: 1984 Question: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator? Answer: 1983 Question: What band recorded "Keep On Loving You"? Answer: REO Speedwagon Question: The hit single "Amanda" was recorded by what band? Answer: Boston Question: How many years was Deep Purple performing before producing Perfect Strangers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Deep Purple album reached number five on the US music charts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Van Halen album from 1982 had somewhat slower sales? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Heart album contained 10 number one hits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was ZZ Tops successful single produced in 1980? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A genre that greatly rose in importance was that of scientific literature. Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes. Works of natural history include René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur's Histoire naturelle des insectes and Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's La Myologie complète, ou description de tous les muscles du corps humain (1746). Outside ancien régime France, natural history was an important part of medicine and industry, encompassing the fields of botany, zoology, meteorology, hydrology and mineralogy. Students in Enlightenment universities and academies were taught these subjects to prepare them for careers as diverse as medicine and theology. As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas. Question: Did natural history in particular become increasingly popular amoung the upper or lower classes? Answer: upper Question: Which type of history encompassed botany, zoology, meteorolgy, hydrology, and mineralogy? Answer: natural history Question: Who wrote the Histoire naturelle des insectes? Answer: René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
Context: California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery. Question: What famous governor signed legislation in honor of Donda West's death? Answer: Arnold Schwarzenegger Question: What governor passed a law in honor of Donda West? Answer: Arnold Schwarzenegger Question: What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger? Answer: "Donda West Law"
Context: After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During fermentation, the wort becomes beer in a process which requires a week to months depending on the type of yeast and strength of the beer. In addition to producing ethanol, fine particulate matter suspended in the wort settles during fermentation. Once fermentation is complete, the yeast also settles, leaving the beer clear. Question: In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops? Answer: a hopback Question: In what phase of brewing does hopped wort become beer? Answer: fermentation Question: What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments? Answer: yeast Question: How long does the fermentation process take in brewing beer? Answer: a week to months Question: What substance is added to hopped wort once it cools after boiling? Answer: yeast Question: After what process is the hopped yeast cooled? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a backhop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the hopped yeast usually cooled for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does fine particulate yeast produce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color is the beer after the wort settles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: He turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18, and found that "Medicine is no hard and thorny science, like mathematics and metaphysics, so I soon made great progress; I became an excellent doctor and began to treat patients, using approved remedies." The youthful physician's fame spread quickly, and he treated many patients without asking for payment. Question: At what age did Avicenna turn to away from philosophy? Answer: 16 Question: What subject did Avicenna start studying at 16? Answer: medicine Question: Avicenna became a qualified physician at what age? Answer: 18 Question: Avicenna found medicine to be much easier than what subject? Answer: mathematics Question: What did Avicenna become at the age of 16? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What study did Avicenna give up at the age of 18? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Avicenna find more challanging than mathmatics and metaphysics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what age did Avicenna reject philosophy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What subject did Avicenna start studying at 61? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Avicenna became a qualified biologist at what age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Avicenna found medicine to be much harder than what subject? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What subject did Avicenna stop studying at 16? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is an entire literature concerning the "structure of matter", ranging from the "electrical structure" in the early 20th century, to the more recent "quark structure of matter", introduced today with the remark: Understanding the quark structure of matter has been one of the most important advances in contemporary physics.[further explanation needed] In this connection, physicists speak of matter fields, and speak of particles as "quantum excitations of a mode of the matter field". And here is a quote from de Sabbata and Gasperini: "With the word "matter" we denote, in this context, the sources of the interactions, that is spinor fields (like quarks and leptons), which are believed to be the fundamental components of matter, or scalar fields, like the Higgs particles, which are used to introduced mass in a gauge theory (and that, however, could be composed of more fundamental fermion fields)."[further explanation needed] Question: When did de Sabbata and Gasperini write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What theory came after the quark structure of matter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Understanding electrical structure has lead to important advances in what field? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who described particles as quantum excitations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What theory uses spinor fields? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, but government securities issued by European states would be acceptable collateral as would mortgage-backed securities and other commercial paper that can be demonstrated to be secure. The programme was announced on 8 December 2011 but observers were surprised by the volume of the loans made when it was implemented. Under its LTRO it loaned €489bn to 523 banks for an exceptionally long period of three years at a rate of just one percent. The by far biggest amount of €325bn was tapped by banks in Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain. This way the ECB tried to make sure that banks have enough cash to pay off €200bn of their own maturing debts in the first three months of 2012, and at the same time keep operating and loaning to businesses so that a credit crunch does not choke off economic growth. It also hoped that banks would use some of the money to buy government bonds, effectively easing the debt crisis. Question: After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most? Answer: Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain Question: What would happen if some of the banks were to begin buying govenrment bonds? Answer: easing the debt crisis Question: How much does the ECB have to have to pay off it's own debts? Answer: €200bn Question: How do you prevent a credit bottleneck? Answer: keep operating and loaning to businesses Question: Which countries borrowed the least after the loan program was announced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would happen if some of the banks were to forbid buying government bonds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much does the ECB need to lose in order to pay off it's own debts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do you cause a credit bottleneck? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries. Question: When did macaronic Latin start showing signs of Catalan? Answer: 11th century Question: When did texts begin to appear solely in Romance? Answer: by 1080 Question: To what language did Catalan display similarities? Answer: Gallo-Romance Question: What Gallo-Romance language did Old Catalan separate from? Answer: Old Occitan
Context: Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3 years old (out of 333,100 enrolled in all pre-college schools). There are also several public charter schools. Private schools range from élite independent schools to religiously affiliated schools run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations. Question: How many students attended the Bronx public noncharter schools as of 2000? Answer: nearly 280,000 Question: How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000? Answer: 333,100 Question: Which religious organizations run private schools in the Bronx? Answer: the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations Question: Which entity runs the Bronx's public noncharter schools? Answer: The New York City Department of Education
Context: Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights. Question: What were some of the original Australian department stores? Answer: Grace Bros. and Waltons Question: When did Sydney Myer come to Australia? Answer: 1899 Question: Where did the Myer Retail Group open it's first store? Answer: Bendigo, Victoria Question: What type of department stores are Myer and David Jones? Answer: up-market chains Question: What department store brand is now out of business in Australia? Answer: Venture Question: What were some of the unoriginal Australian department stores? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Sydney Myer come to Austria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the Myer Retail Group open its last store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of hardware stores are Myer and David Jones? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What department store brand is now out of business in Austria? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase. The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the Pekin duck, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days. In the Western world, ducks are not as popular as chickens, because the latter produce larger quantities of white, lean meat and are easier to keep intensively, making the price of chicken meat lower than that of duck meat. While popular in haute cuisine, duck appears less frequently in the mass-market food industry. However, things are different in the East. Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in harvested rice fields and other wet environments. Question: What breed of duck is considered the first? Answer: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck Question: What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans? Answer: various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase. Question: What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K. Answer: Pekin duck Question: Why is the Pekin duck the favored of the western world? Answer: can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days Question: Why is duck more common than other poultry in the east society ?? Answer: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in Question: What breed of duck is considered the worst? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the outcomes of breeding ducks with humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What variety of duck is no longer found in the US and the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is the Pekin duck unfavorable in the western world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What common variety of poultry in the west is not found in the east? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral. Question: When was Westminster Diocese dissolved? Answer: 1550 Question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1556? Answer: a second cathedral of the Diocese of London Question: Who is the abbey dedicated to? Answer: Saint Peter Question: When was Westminster Diocese resolved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Eastminster Diocese dissolved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The abbey was recognised as what after 1556? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1565? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who isn't the abbey dedicated to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system. In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market. Question: What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis? Answer: loaned billions of euros to banks Question: Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis? Answer: to stabilise the financial system Question: Who decided, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity? Answer: Federal Reserve System Question: Besides cooperating with other financial institutions, how does the ECB help to maintain stability? Answer: contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector Question: When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility? Answer: December 2007 Question: What did the ECB avoid to help stabilize the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the ECB not intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rejected, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the ECB and Federal Reserve decide to separate on Term auction facility? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the ECB help to destroy stability? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The bandwidth characteristics of a resonant antenna element can be characterized according to its Q, just as one uses to characterize the sharpness of an L-C resonant circuit. However it is often assumed that there is an advantage in an antenna having a high Q. After all, Q is short for "quality factor" and a low Q typically signifies excessive loss (due to unwanted resistance) in a resonant L-C circuit. However this understanding does not apply to resonant antennas where the resistance involved is the radiation resistance, a desired quantity which removes energy from the resonant element in order to radiate it (the purpose of an antenna, after all!). The Q is a measure of the ratio of reactance to resistance, so with a fixed radiation resistance (an element's radiation resistance is almost independent of its diameter) a greater reactance off-resonance corresponds to the poorer bandwidth of a very thin conductor. The Q of such a narrowband antenna can be as high as 15. On the other hand, a thick element presents less reactance at an off-resonant frequency, and consequently a Q as low as 5. These two antennas will perform equivalently at the resonant frequency, but the second antenna will perform over a bandwidth 3 times as wide as the "hi-Q" antenna consisting of a thin conductor. Question: The properties of a usable radio frequency can be called its? Answer: Q Question: What is a measure of the comparison between reactance and resistance? Answer: Q Question: What is the largest Q that could be achieved with a slimmer band antenna? Answer: 15 Question: What type of element would be used to encounter less reactance? Answer: thick
Context: However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912–1949). Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor, Morris Rossabi writes that the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) "was the first Ming ruler actively to seek an extension of relations with Tibet." Question: Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism? Answer: Ming government Question: What years did the Yongle Emperor reign? Answer: 1402–1424 Question: Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet? Answer: the Yongle Emperor
Context: Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the patients were unable to interpret their physiological arousal as an experienced emotion. Schachter did agree that physiological reactions played a big role in emotions. He suggested that physiological reactions contributed to emotional experience by facilitating a focused cognitive appraisal of a given physiologically arousing event and that this appraisal was what defined the subjective emotional experience. Emotions were thus a result of two-stage process: general physiological arousal, and experience of emotion. For example, the physiological arousal, heart pounding, in a response to an evoking stimulus, the sight of a bear in the kitchen. The brain then quickly scans the area, to explain the pounding, and notices the bear. Consequently, the brain interprets the pounding heart as being the result of fearing the bear. With his student, Jerome Singer, Schachter demonstrated that subjects can have different emotional reactions despite being placed into the same physiological state with an injection of epinephrine. Subjects were observed to express either anger or amusement depending on whether another person in the situation (a confederate) displayed that emotion. Hence, the combination of the appraisal of the situation (cognitive) and the participants' reception of adrenaline or a placebo together determined the response. This experiment has been criticized in Jesse Prinz's (2004) Gut Reactions. Question: Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on? Answer: Gregorio Marañón Question: What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with? Answer: epinephrine Question: What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón? Answer: Spanish Question: Who was a notable student of Stanley Schachter? Answer: Jerome Singer Question: In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published? Answer: 2004 Question: Whose work didn't the theory of Stanley Schachter build on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Gregorio Marañón not inject his patients with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't the nationality of Gregorio Marañón? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a notable teacher of Stanley Schachter? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated "Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality." Question: When was it announced that Avicenna would have medical directories named after him? Answer: March 2008 Question: What does the Avicenna Directories contain? Answer: where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated Question: What was Avicenna known for? Answer: his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west Question: What is Avicenna's name needed for? Answer: worldwide partnership Question: When was it not announced that Avicenna would have medical directories named after him? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was it announced that Avicenna would have medical directories named after his father? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Avicenna Directories exclude? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Avicenna not known for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Avicenna's name not needed for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to build naval arsenals, such as Yokosuka and Nagasaki. By the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the Japanese navy of the shogun already possessed eight western-style steam warships around the flagship Kaiyō Maru, which were used against pro-imperial forces during the Boshin war, under the command of Admiral Enomoto. A French Military Mission to Japan (1867) was established to help modernize the armies of the Bakufu. Question: When was the samurai military modernized? Answer: 1854 Question: Where did Japan open a military school in 1855? Answer: Nagasaki Question: What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855? Answer: Naval Question: What nationality of engineers did Japan hire to build naval arsenals? Answer: tradition Question: How many steam warships did Japan have in 1867? Answer: eight
Context: At the end of the war, the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire. Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it. Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia." In addition, just days prior, on 5 August 1920, Mihran Damadian of the Armenian National Union, the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia, declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate. Question: When was the Treaty of Sevres signed? Answer: 10 August 1920 Question: What is another name for Ottoman Armenia? Answer: Wilsonian Armenia Question: Which US president specified the new Armenian borders? Answer: President Woodrow Wilson Question: When did Cilicia declare independence? Answer: 5 August 1920 Question: Who signed the Treaty of Sevres? Answer: Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire
Context: Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis. Question: Who created the first rabies vaccine? Answer: Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux Question: How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921? Answer: 206,000 Question: In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin? Answer: formaldehyde Question: Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis? Answer: Maurice Hilleman Question: How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria? Answer: 15,520 Question: The rabies vaccine was created in what year? Answer: 1885 Question: In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made? Answer: 1914 Question: What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use? Answer: formaldehyde Question: Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine? Answer: Maurice Hilleman Question: What company did Hilleman later work for? Answer: Merck Question: Who created the first encephelitis vaccine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many cases of encephelitis where there in 1921? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat encephelitis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created a vaccine to treat United States Encephalitis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many deaths occurred due to encephelitis? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia. Question: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy? Answer: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces Question: What happened to Idris? Answer: Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia. Question: How did Gaddafi view the elite? Answer: Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. Question: What happened to the monarchists and and journalists? Answer: "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Question: What clan was King Idris part of? Answer: Senussi Question: Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts? Answer: monarchist politicians Question: How many people were executed by the People's Courts? Answer: none Question: What sentence was given to the absent King Idris? Answer: execution Question: Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military? Answer: monarchists
Context: The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge. Question: Along which border of Southampton does the River Test run? Answer: western Question: What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton? Answer: New Forest Question: What motorway crosses the River Test to the North? Answer: the M27 Question: Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen? Answer: Mansbridge Question: What bridge at Swaythling crosses at the point between the tidal and non-tidal sections of the River Itchen? Answer: Woodmill Bridge
Context: Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form of fuzzing, is an example of failure testing. Various commercial non-functional testing tools are linked from the software fault injection page; there are also numerous open-source and free software tools available that perform destructive testing. Question: What method is used to cause a system to fail? Answer: Destructive testing Question: What does Destructive testing verify? Answer: software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs Question: What is one example of failure testing? Answer: Software fault injection Question: Destruction testing does what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does destruction testing verify? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of software fault injecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: There are very few open-source and free tools that do what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market. Question: When was the first beta release for Safari? Answer: January 2003 Question: Who created Safari? Answer: Apple Question: When was Apple founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did web browsers become active? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the browser market become dominant in software? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much software was released by Safari in January 2003? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the entire browser market begin beta release of software? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by about 10°C. In fact, by the middle Cretaceous, equatorial ocean waters (perhaps as warm as 20 °C in the deep ocean) may have been too warm for sea life,[dubious – discuss][citation needed] and land areas near the equator may have been deserts despite their proximity to water. The circulation of oxygen to the deep ocean may also have been disrupted.[dubious – discuss] For this reason, large volumes of organic matter that was unable to decompose accumulated, eventually being deposited as "black shale". Question: What is uncertain about the Cretaceous? Answer: climate Question: What atmospheric gas caused temperatures levels to be 10 degrees higher than today? Answer: carbon dioxide Question: What was about equal across the planet? Answer: temperatures Question: During the Cretaceous what climate was thought to be found in areas near the seas? Answer: deserts Question: What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become? Answer: black shale Question: What is most volatile aspect about the Cretaceous? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Lower levels of carbon dioxide caused what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The circulation of oxygen in the deep ocean may have increased during what period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Black shale was destroyed by what during the Cretaceous period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were equatorial ocean waters too cold? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a similar term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period. The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500–1400) and the Renaissance (1400–1600) eras; the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1820), and Romantic eras (1804–1910); and the 20th century (1901–2000) which includes the modern (1890–1930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary or postmodern (1975–2015) eras.[citation needed] Question: What term is used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820? Answer: the Classical period Question: What years are termed the Renaissance period? Answer: 1400–1600 Question: What years are termed the Baroque period? Answer: 1600–1750 Question: From 1804-1910 was called what era? Answer: Romantic Question: Classical music is rooted in what kind of tradition? Answer: Western music Question: Classical music is rooted the the traditions of what kind of music? Answer: Western Question: What is the period from 1750 to 1820 called? Answer: the Classical period Question: What time period is known at the common practice period? Answer: between 1550 and 1900 Question: When was the modern era? Answer: 1890–1930
Context: Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC). Question: Who coined the Axial Age? Answer: Karl Jaspers Question: In what part of the world did materialism develop during the Axial Age? Answer: Eurasia Question: Who coined the non-Axial Age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what part of the world did materialism develop during the non-Axial Age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Karl Jaspers born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Karl Jaspers die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did not develop in Eurasia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania.[better source needed] Question: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who? Answer: the Magyar or Romanian population Question: There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country? Answer: Romania Question: Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country? Answer: Bulgaria Question: Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain? Answer: Carpathian basin Question: Who were the Slavs in Bulgaria assimilated by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was attractive about the Magyar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have slavic origins in Bulgaria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What basin did most Slavs end up in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which direction did the Romanians travel in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The fossil record suggests that the last few million years featured the greatest biodiversity in history. However, not all scientists support this view, since there is uncertainty as to how strongly the fossil record is biased by the greater availability and preservation of recent geologic sections. Some scientists believe that corrected for sampling artifacts, modern biodiversity may not be much different from biodiversity 300 million years ago., whereas others consider the fossil record reasonably reflective of the diversification of life. Estimates of the present global macroscopic species diversity vary from 2 million to 100 million, with a best estimate of somewhere near 9 million, the vast majority arthropods. Diversity appears to increase continually in the absence of natural selection. Question: What suggests that the last few million years featured the greatest biodiversity in history? Answer: The fossil record Question: Why are some scientists uncertain about the fossil record? Answer: how strongly the fossil record is biased by the greater availability and preservation of recent geologic sections. Question: What is the estimate variation of the present global macroscopic species diversity? Answer: from 2 million to 100 million Question: What appears increase continually in the absence of natural selection? Answer: Diversity Question: What suggests that the last few million years featured the greatest scientists in history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are some scientists uncertain about the diversification of life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the time estimate variation of the present global fossils? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What appears to increase continually in the absence of fossils? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do some scientists believe is not much different from biodiversity 900 million years ago? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to the same study, even though digital piracy inflicts additional costs on the production side of media, it also offers the main access to media goods in developing countries. The strong tradeoffs that favor using digital piracy in developing economies dictate the current neglected law enforcements toward digital piracy. In China, the issue of digital infringement is not merely legal, but social – originating from the high demand for cheap and affordable goods as well as the governmental connections of the businesses which produce such goods. Question: Even though piracy adds costs to production, what else is offered to developing countries? Answer: main access to media goods Question: What do the tradeoffs of digital piracy support? Answer: current neglected law enforcements Question: In what country is the issue of digital infringement social? Answer: China Question: What is in high demand in this country? Answer: cheap and affordable goods Question: What does the government of this country provide to businesses that produce content? Answer: connections Question: Even though piracy adds costs to production, what else is offered to established countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What don't the tradeoffs of digital piracy support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what country is the issue of digital infringement anti-social? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is in low demand in this country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the government of this country provide to non-businesses that produce content? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe. Question: What was the last British colony remaining in Africa? Answer: Southern Rhodesia Question: When was the second-to-last British colony in Africa granted independence? Answer: 1968 Question: When was the Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia? Answer: 1965 Question: What new country did the Lancaster House Agreement recognize? Answer: Mau Mau Uprising Question: Where was the Mau Mau Uprising? Answer: Kenyan
Context: The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates. Question: The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates? Answer: visual Question: The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what? Answer: (the neocerebellum Question: The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? Answer: cerebral cortex
Context: The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, "it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do." However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, "Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time." Question: What accusations does the Watch Tower Society reject? Answer: that it is a false prophet Question: What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of? Answer: biblical chronology Question: What profession does Andrew Holden smugly self-identify as? Answer: sociologist Question: How long ago was the foundation of the Jehovah's Witnesses movement? Answer: around 140 years ago Question: What have Jehovah's Witnesses maintained we are living on the precipice of since their formation? Answer: the end of time Question: What religion is George D. Chryssides? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is George D. Chryssides occupation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since what year has Andrew Holden been a sociologist? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Watch Tower Society founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who argues it is foolish to not believe that the Witnesses set end dates of civilization just to get additional members? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London. Question: What year did The Times of India start? Answer: 1838 Question: What year did The Strait Times (Singapore) start? Answer: 1845 Question: What year did The New York Times start? Answer: 1851 Question: What year did the Irish Times start? Answer: 1859 Question: What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start? Answer: 1872
Context: Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups..." Question: In 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty? Answer: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Question: Perpetrators who were tried after World War II were in general found guilty of crimes against what? Answer: humanity Question: An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what? Answer: crimes like murder Question: After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort? Answer: the Holocaust Question: Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?" Answer: Raphael Lemkin Question: Which treaty in 1948 defined and forbade promulgation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were CPPCG who were tried after World War found guilty of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a more specific international crime of which one could be accused? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What massive genocidal effort were criminals largely prosecuted after count 3 for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is notable for coining the term "extermination?" Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal. German strategist and field marshal Alfred von Schlieffen concluded that "Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless" while "[attaining] the object of the campaign: the conquest of North Italy." Question: From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy? Answer: the north Question: What direction did French invasions of Italy normally come from? Answer: the west Question: Around how long did it take Napoleon to push Austria out of Italy in his first experiences there? Answer: a year Question: How long did it take Napoleon to drive Austria from Italy in 1800? Answer: a month Question: According to Alfred von Shlieffen, what was the object of Napoleon's 1800 Italian campaign? Answer: the conquest of North Italy
Context: In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria, although Chief of Staff Mohamed Fawzi considered the warnings to be "baseless". According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and Nasser subsequently demanded UNEF's withdrawal. Earlier that day, Nasser received a warning from King Hussein of Israeli-American collusion to drag Egypt into war. The message had been originally received by Amer on 2 May, but was withheld from Nasser until the Sinai deployment on 14 May. Although in the preceding months, Hussein and Nasser had been accusing each other of avoiding a fight with Israel, Hussein was nonetheless wary that an Egyptian-Israeli war would risk the West Bank's occupation by Israel. Nasser still felt that the US would restrain Israel from attacking due to assurances that he received from the US and Soviet Union. In turn, he also reassured both powers that Egypt would only act defensively. Question: What country warned Nasser that Israel wanted to attack Syria? Answer: Soviet Union Question: What did Amer do without Nasser's approval? Answer: dispatch troops to Sinai Question: What nations were trying to drag Egypt into a war, according to King Hussein? Answer: Israeli-American Question: What territory was King Hussein afraid Israel would obtain? Answer: West Bank Question: Who did Nasser think would prevent Israel from launching an offensive? Answer: US
Context: In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness and Protestant missions were established to spread Christianity. New forms of forced labor were also introduced and a large number of Ubangians were sent to work on the Congo-Ocean Railway. Many of these forced laborers died of exhaustion, illness, or the poor conditions which claimed between 20% and 25% of the 127,000 workers. Question: When was Equatorial Africa established? Answer: 1920 Question: Where was Equatorial African ran from? Answer: Brazzaville Question: What plant was mandated to be grown by the French? Answer: cotton Question: What important infrastructure was built in the 1920s. Answer: a network of roads Question: What religion was spread through CAR? Answer: Christianity Question: What country was established during the 1920's and 1930's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Congo-Ocean Railway run from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were Christians forced to work on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many workers established Protestant missions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conditions did the Ubangi-Shari suffer from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) under the Sunni Hanafi scholar Ismail al-Zahid. Avicenna was taught some extent of philosophy books such as Introduction (Isagoge)'s Porphyry (philosopher), Euclid's Elements, Ptolemy's Almagest by an unpopular philosopher, Abu Abdullah Nateli, who claimed philosophizing. Question: What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 10? Answer: Quran Question: Who did Avicenna learn Indian arithmetic from? Answer: ءMahmoud Massahi Question: What did Avicenna learn from the Sunni scholar Ismail al-Zahid? Answer: Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) Question: What was one philosophy book that Avicenna was taught from? Answer: Euclid's Elements Question: What unpopular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from? Answer: Abu Abdullah Nateli Question: Who learned arithmatic by the age of 10? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did AVicenna teach arithmatic to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Avicenna start studying the Quran? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Abu Abdullah Nateli teach Fiqh to. Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Euclid's Elements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 12? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Avicenna teach Indian arithmetic to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Avicenna learn from the Shia scholar Ismail al-Zahid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one biology book that Avicenna was taught from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What popular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applications. A relatively recent FET development, the high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), has a heterostructure (junction between different semiconductor materials) of aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-gallium arsenide (GaAs) which has twice the electron mobility of a GaAs-metal barrier junction. Because of their high speed and low noise, HEMTs are used in satellite receivers working at frequencies around 12 GHz. HEMTs based on gallium nitride and aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN HEMTs) provide a still higher electron mobility and are being developed for various applications. Question: What is quicker, a bipolar n-p-n transistor or a p-n-p transistor? Answer: a given bipolar n–p–n transistor Question: What semiconductor has the highest electron mobility? Answer: GaAs Question: What is the common application of GaAs? Answer: high-frequency applications Question: What does HEMT stand for? Answer: high-electron-mobility transistor Question: What are common applications of HEMT? Answer: satellite receivers Question: What is the most common kind of semiconductor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes HEMTs to have high speed and low noise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which material has the highest electron mobility? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are HEMTs most commonly used? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class. Question: How selective are admissions at Northwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report? Answer: most selective Question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016? Answer: 10.7% Question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2019 ranked in the top 10% of their high school class? Answer: 91% Question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for critical reading? Answer: 690–760 Question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math? Answer: 710-800 Question: How selective are admissions at Southwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2017? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2009 ranked in the top 11% of their high school class? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the ACT for critical reading? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2017, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chief summits in the southern section of the Blue Ridge are located along two main crests—the Western or Unaka Front along the Tennessee-North Carolina border and the Eastern Front in North Carolina—or one of several "cross ridges" between the two main crests. Major subranges of the Eastern Front include the Black Mountains, Great Craggy Mountains, and Great Balsam Mountains, and its chief summits include Grandfather Mountain 5,964 ft (1,818 m) near the Tennessee-North Carolina border, Mount Mitchell 6,684 ft (2,037 m) in the Blacks, and Black Balsam Knob 6,214 ft (1,894 m) and Cold Mountain 6,030 ft (1,840 m) in the Great Balsams. The Western Blue Ridge Front is subdivided into the Unaka Range, the Bald Mountains, the Great Smoky Mountains, and the Unicoi Mountains, and its major peaks include Roan Mountain 6,285 ft (1,916 m) in the Unakas, Big Bald 5,516 ft (1,681 m) and Max Patch 4,616 ft (1,407 m) in the Bald Mountains, Clingmans Dome 6,643 ft (2,025 m), Mount Le Conte 6,593 feet (2,010 m), and Mount Guyot 6,621 ft (2,018 m) in the Great Smokies, and Big Frog Mountain 4,224 ft (1,287 m) near the Tennessee-Georgia-North Carolina border. Prominent summits in the cross ridges include Waterrock Knob (6,292 ft (1,918 m)) in the Plott Balsams. Across northern Georgia, numerous peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Brasstown Bald, the state's highest, at 4,784 ft (1,458 m) and 4,696 ft (1,431 m) Rabun Bald. Question: What are the names of the two chief summits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Unaka front divided into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What front is located in northern Georgia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many peaks in northern Georgia exceed 1,200 ft? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As in the Scheiner system, speeds were expressed in 'degrees'. Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. 'Tenths' were later abandoned with DIN 4512:1957-11, and the example above would be written as "18° DIN". The degree symbol was finally dropped with DIN 4512:1961-10. This revision also saw significant changes in the definition of film speeds in order to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard, so that film speeds of black-and-white negative film effectively would become doubled, that is, a film previously marked as "18° DIN" would now be labeled as "21 DIN" without emulsion changes. Question: What unit was used in the DIN to express speeds? Answer: degrees Question: How was sensitivity expressed at first in the DIN system? Answer: as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN") Question: When did the degree symbol fall out of use in the DIN system? Answer: with DIN 4512:1961-10 Question: Why did the definition of film speeds change considerably? Answer: to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard Question: What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film? Answer: would become doubled Question: What replaced the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What system reintroduced the degree symbol? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What American standard abandoned the tenths method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With emulsion changes, what did 18° DIN become? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to film speeds after the introduction of the DIN 4512:1957-11? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany. Question: Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact? Answer: East Germany Question: What was the name of the East German armed forces? Answer: the National People's Army Question: Which country was banned from rearming? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who allowed West Germany to re-arm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: West Germany's army was know as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: West Germany formed what army to counter to rearmament of East Germany? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The USAF countered the MiG-15 by sending over three squadrons of its most capable fighter, the F-86 Sabre. These arrived in December 1950. The MiG was designed as a bomber interceptor. It had a very high service ceiling—50,000 feet (15,000 m) and carried very heavy weaponry: one 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm cannons. They were fast enough to dive past the fighter escort of P-80 Shooting Stars and F9F Panthers and could reach and destroy the U.S. heavy bombers. B-29 losses could not be avoided, and the Air Force was forced to switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing of targets. The MiGs were countered by the F-86 Sabres. They had a ceiling of 42,000 feet (13,000 m) and were armed with six .50 caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns, which were range adjusted by radar gunsights. If coming in at higher altitude the advantage of engaging or not went to the MiG. Once in a level flight dogfight, both swept-wing designs attained comparable maximum speeds of around 660 mph (1,100 km/h). The MiG climbed faster, but the Sabre turned and dived better. Question: What plane did the US send to Korea to counter the power of the MiG-15? Answer: F-86 Sabre Question: To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do? Answer: switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing Question: What was the MiG designed to be? Answer: bomber interceptor
Context: Madonna moved in with boyfriend John "Jellybean" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production. Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced "Holiday", which was her third single and her first global hit. The overall sound of Madonna was dissonant and in the form of upbeat synthetic disco, using some of the new technology of the time, like the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and the OB-X synthesizer. The album was released in July 1983 and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 six months later, in 1984. It yielded two more hit singles, "Borderline" and "Lucky Star". Question: Who was the boyfriend that Madonna moved in with? Answer: John "Jellybean" Benitez Question: Who remixed most of Madonna's album tracks? Answer: Benitez Question: Which song was Madonna's first global hit? Answer: Holiday Question: When was Madonna's album released? Answer: July 1983 Question: Which number did Madonna's album peaked at the Billboard 800 six months later? Answer: eight
Context: Evidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE. Question: For how long have modern humans lived on the Indian subcontinent? Answer: 75,000 years Question: How long ago did earlier hominids live on the Indian subcontinent? Answer: 500,000 years ago Question: When did the Indus Valley Civilization thrive on the Indian subcontinent? Answer: c. 3200 to 1300 BCE Question: What was the first major civilization in South Asia? Answer: Indus Valley Civilization Question: What was the span of the Mature Harappan period? Answer: 2600 to 1900 BCE
Context: According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of further weakening of the Russian language in all regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly"). In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Currently the number speakers of Russian language in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world (as the main sources distribution Russian language) and total population Russia (where Russian is an official language). Question: What department is the Research Center for Sociological Research part of? Answer: Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Question: Who wrote "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries"? Answer: A. L. Arefyev Question: When was "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries" published? Answer: 2012 Question: What does Arefyev say is happening to Russian? Answer: In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Question: What study was published in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did A. L. Arefyev work for Demoskop Weekly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are local languages losing in general? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What department is Demoskop Weekly a part of in Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has A. L. Arefyev's position been at Demoskop Weekly since 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Richard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose: an ironist "should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation. Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc'd, not only in the language, and on the principles of L. Bol., but with so apparent, or rather so real an earnestness, that half his purpose is sacrificed to the other". A minority of scholars have taken the position that, in fact, Burke did write the Vindication in earnest, later disowning it only for political reasons. Question: Who thought that Burke's imitation was too perfect to be effective ridicule? Answer: Richard Hurd Question: Why did a few scholars think Burke hadn't intended his book as a satire yet later claimed it was a satire? Answer: political reasons Question: Whose principles did Burke imitate? Answer: L. Bol. Question: What did Richard Hurd claim made Burke's satire perfect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of one of the scholars who believe Burke wrote the Vindication in earnest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the book Richard Hurd wrote? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Hurd believe Burke's imitation was near perfect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose principles did L. Bol imitate? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games. Question: What does AI stand for? Answer: artificial intelligence Question: What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Princess? Answer: The Wind Waker Question: What do enemies do to defeated companions? Answer: react Question: What feature of the enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced? Answer: artificial intelligence Question: Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games? Answer: Link Question: What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Enemies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does do previous games do to defeated companions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What feature of the enemies in Twilight Enemies is more advanced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in Twilight Enemies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who reacts to artificial intelligence that passes by? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.16 billion, and the world's second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €560.8 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the "Cant del Barça", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs. Question: When was Barcelona founded? Answer: 1899 Question: Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club? Answer: Joan Gamper Question: What is the Barcelona motto? Answer: Més que un club Question: How much is club Barcelona worth? Answer: $3.16 billion Question: What is the title of the Barcelona club song? Answer: "Cant del Barça"
Context: The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions. China's income fell sharply during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives were lost, and countless armies were raised and equipped to fight the rebels. In 1854, Britain tried to re-negotiate the Treaty of Nanjing, inserting clauses allowing British commercial access to Chinese rivers and the creation of a permanent British embassy at Beijing. Question: Were the European empires satisfied or unsatisfied by the Treaty of Nanjing? Answer: unsatisfied Question: Who did the Europeans support during the Rebellions? Answer: Qing government Question: When did the British try to redo the Treaty of Nanjing? Answer: 1854
Context: Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly. Question: What was the name of the manservent that Victoria had in the 1860's? Answer: John Brown Question: Where was John brown, Victorias manservant, from? Answer: Scotland Question: What kind of a connection was rumored to exist between Victoria and John Brown? Answer: a romantic connection Question: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria when rumors of a relationship with John Brown arose? Answer: Mrs. Brown Question: What was the name of the 1997 movie depicting the relationship between Victoria and John brown? Answer: Mrs. Brown Question: What country was Queen Victoria's manservant with whom she was rumored to have a romantic interest? Answer: Scotland Question: What was the name of the movie that told the story of Queen Victoria's romance with John Brown? Answer: Mrs. Brown Question: What artist painted the Queen and Brown which hung in the Royal Academy? Answer: Sir Edwin Henry Landseer Question: In what memior written by Queen Victoria was John Brown praised? Answer: Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands Question: Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally? Answer: John Brown Question: Which movie was made about the scandalous affair that Victoria was believed to have had with John Brown? Answer: Mrs. Brown Question: Which book did Victoria publish that did nothing to take away from the rumors about her and John Brown? Answer: Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands Question: Who did the Queen feature in her book that drew so much criticism? Answer: John Brown Question: What was the name of the manservent that Victoria had in the 1870's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of a connection was rumored to not exist between Victoria and John Brown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was John brown, Victorias lover, from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the 1979 movie depicting the relationship between Victoria and John brown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria when rumors of a relationship with John Brown died? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the semi-finals onwards, the fate of the contestants is decided by public vote. During the contestant's performance as well as the recap at the end, a toll-free telephone number for each contestant is displayed on the screen. For a two-hour period after the episode ends (up to four hours for the finale) in each US time zone, viewers may call or send a text message to their preferred contestant's telephone number, and each call or text message is registered as a vote for that contestant. Viewers are allowed to vote as many times as they can within the two-hour voting window. However, the show reserves the right to discard votes by power dialers. One or more of the least popular contestants may be eliminated in successive weeks until a winner emerges. Over 110 million votes were cast in the first season, and by season ten the seasonal total had increased to nearly 750 million. Voting via text messaging was made available in the second season when AT&T Wireless joined as a sponsor of the show, and 7.5 million text messages were sent to American Idol that season. The number of text messages rapidly increased, reaching 178 million texts by season eight. Online voting was offered for the first time in season ten. The votes are counted and verified by Telescope Inc. Question: How many text message votes were there in season eight? Answer: 178 million Question: In which season was online voting introduced? Answer: ten Question: What company counts the votes on American Idol? Answer: Telescope Inc Question: At what point does the public begin voting for contestants? Answer: the semi-finals Question: How many votes were cast for contestants in the first season? Answer: Over 110 million Question: How many votes were cast by season ten for all contestants? Answer: nearly 750 million
Context: Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given title to one of these deaconries. Question: What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from? Answer: seven deacons in the Papal Household Question: Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does not supervise the Church's works in the districts of Rome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not provide all social services in Rome during the early Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not given title to one of these seven deacons? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were now conducted in the vernacular instead of in Latin, previously used. During the Livonian War in 1561, northern Estonia submitted to Swedish control. In the 1560s two voivodeships of present-day southern Estonia, Dorpat Voivodeship (Tartu region) and Parnawa Voivodeship (Pärnu region), became the autonomous Duchy of Livonia within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, under joint control of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy. In 1629, mainland Estonia came entirely under Swedish rule. Estonia was administratively divided between the provinces of Estonia in the north and Livonia in southern Estonia and northern Latvia. This division persisted until the early twentieth century. Question: When did the The Reformation in Europe start? Answer: 1517 Question: Who led the The Reformation in Europe? Answer: Martin Luther Question: What was the year of Martin Luther's death? Answer: 1546 Question: What parts of society did the Reformation change? Answer: Language, education, religion and politics Question: What was the previous language of the church? Answer: Latin
Context: New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city. Question: The Buddha Jayanti Park is located in which Indian city? Answer: New Delhi Question: A notable New Delhi garden is located adjacent to what metro station? Answer: Jangpura Metro Station Question: The gardens of New Delhi are particularly stunning in which season? Answer: spring Question: New Delhi is well known for what type of beautifully landscaped feature? Answer: gardens Question: What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi? Answer: Buddha Jayanti Park
Context: Due to the inter-communal ethnic tensions between 1963 and 1974, an island-wide census was regarded as impossible. Nevertheless, the Greek Cypriots conducted one in 1973, without the Turkish Cypriot populace. According to this census, the Greek Cypriot population was 482,000. One year later, in 1974, the Cypriot government's Department of Statistics and Research estimated the total population of Cyprus at 641,000; of whom 506,000 (78.9%) were Greeks, and 118,000 (18.4%) Turkish. After the partition of the island in 1974, Greeks conducted four more censuses: in 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in the northern part of the island. Question: What was the number of Greek Cypriots on Cyprus in 1973? Answer: 482,000 Question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Greek population on Cyprus? Answer: 506,000 (78.9%) Question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Turkish population on Cyprus? Answer: 118,000 (18.4%) Question: In what years did the Greeks conduct extra censuses? Answer: 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001 Question: Who was excluded from the censuses conducted by the Greeks? Answer: the Turkish population
Context: Tuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to form a giant multinucleated cell in the alveolar lumen. The granuloma may prevent dissemination of the mycobacteria and provide a local environment for interaction of cells of the immune system. However, more recent evidence suggests that the bacteria use the granulomas to avoid destruction by the host's immune system. Macrophages and dendritic cells in the granulomas are unable to present antigen to lymphocytes; thus the immune response is suppressed. Bacteria inside the granuloma can become dormant, resulting in latent infection. Another feature of the granulomas is the development of abnormal cell death (necrosis) in the center of tubercles. To the naked eye, this has the texture of soft, white cheese and is termed caseous necrosis. Question: What specific type of disease is TB? Answer: granulomatous inflammatory Question: What type of cells gather around infected macrophages in a person infected with TB? Answer: lymphocytes Question: What type of cell forms when macrophages clump together trying to kill off the TB infection? Answer: multinucleated Question: What's the technical term for abnormal cell death? Answer: necrosis Question: What natural defensive response is hindered by cells in granulomas that can't send antigen to lymphocytes? Answer: immune response Question: What surrounds the lymphocytes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do infected macrophages form? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used by bacteria to destroy the host's immune system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which cells serve as antigen to lymphocytes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the texture of cheese called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kerosene was cheap, easy to produce, could be burned in existing lamps, and did not produce an offensive odor as did most whale oil. It could be stored indefinitely, unlike whale oil, which would eventually spoil. The American petroleum boom began in the 1850s. By the end of the decade there were 30 kerosene plants operating in the United States. The cheaper, more efficient fuel began to drive whale oil out of the market. John D. Rockefeller was most responsible for the commercial success of kerosene. He set up a network of kerosene distilleries which would later become Standard Oil, thus completely abolishing the need for whale-oil lamps. These types of lamps may catch fire or emit carbon-monoxide and sometimes are odorous making them problematic for asthmatic people. Question: What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? Answer: Dr. Abraham Gesner Question: What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene? Answer: 1849 Question: What method of lighting have been used since 1820s? Answer: coal-gas methods
Context: The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown. Question: How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame? Answer: 14 Question: What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame? Answer: Theodore M. Hesburgh Library Question: In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished? Answer: 1963 Question: Which artist created the mural on the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library? Answer: Millard Sheets Question: What is a common name to reference the mural created by Millard Sheets at Notre Dame? Answer: Touchdown Jesus
Context: Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus. Both have distinct tissues, but they are not organized into organs. There are only two main germ layers, the ectoderm and endoderm, with only scattered cells between them. As such, these animals are sometimes called diploblastic. The tiny placozoans are similar, but they do not have a permanent digestive chamber. Question: Ctenophora and the Cnidaria include what sea creatures? Answer: anemones, corals, and jellyfish Question: The digestive chambers of the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria serve as what? Answer: both the mouth and the anus Question: What are the 2 main germ systems in the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria called? Answer: ectoderm and endoderm Question: What are the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria animals sometimes called? Answer: diploblastic Question: What differentiates placozoans from the ctenophora and the cnidaria? Answer: they do not have a permanent digestive chamber
Context: Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in the city since 1971. They have won two NBA Championships: in 1994 and 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon, Otis Thorpe, Clyde Drexler, Vernon Maxwell, and Kenny Smith. The Houston Texans are a National Football League (NFL) expansion team formed in 2002. The Houston Dynamo are a Major League Soccer (MLS) franchise that has been based in Houston since 2006 after they won two MLS Cup titles in 2006 and 2007. The Houston Dash play in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). The Scrap Yard Dawgs, a women's pro softball team, is expected to play in the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) from 2016. Question: For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ? Answer: National Hockey League Question: When were the Houston Astros formed? Answer: 1962 Question: Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called? Answer: Colt .45s Question: When were the Houston Astros in the World Series? Answer: 2005 Question: Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team? Answer: 1971 Question: For which sports team category does Texas not have a team? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the Houston Astros dissolved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Until 1935 what were the Houston Astros called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the the Houston Astros miss going to the World Series? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since what year have the Texas Rockets been a Texas team? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, an immunodeficiency characterized by the suppression of CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Question: What is the most famous immune system disease? Answer: AIDS Question: What kind of disease is AIDS? Answer: an immunodeficiency Question: Which types of cells are suppressed by AIDS? Answer: CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages Question: What virus specifically suppresses those cells? Answer: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Context: President Benito Juárez was re-elected in the general election of 1867 in which he received strong liberal support, especially in Chihuahua. Luis Terrazas was confirmed by the people of Chihuahua to be governor of the state. But soon after the election, President Juárez had another crisis on his hands; the Juárez administration was suspected to be involved in the assassination of the military chief José María Patoni executed by General Canto in August 1868. General Canto turned himself over to Donato Guerra. Canto was sentenced to death, but later his sentence changed to 10 years imprisonment. The sense of injustice gave rise to a new rebellion in 1869 that threatened the federal government. In response, the Juárez administration took drastic measures by temporarily suspending constitutional rights, but the governor of Chihuahua did not support this action. Hostilities continued to increase especially after the election of 1871 which was perceived to be fraudulent. A new popular leader arose among the rebels, Porfirio Díaz. The federal government was successful in quelling rebellions in Durango an Chihuahua. On July 18, 1872, President Juárez died from a heart attack; soon after, many of his supporters ceased the fighting. Peace returned to Chihuahua and the new government was led by Governor Antonio Ochoa (formerly a co-owner of the Batopilas silver mines) in 1873 after Luis Terrazas finished his term in 1872. Question: Benito Juarez was reelected in which year? Answer: 1867 Question: Which state gave Juarez a particularly notably strong support? Answer: Chihuahua Question: Who was confirmed to be the president of the state of Chihuahua? Answer: Luis Terrazas Question: Which general turned himself over to Donato Guerra? Answer: General Canto Question: Which year's election was perceived to be fraudulent? Answer: 1871
Context: The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc. Question: What term describes the number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms in existence? Answer: biodiversity Question: What ensures the survival of human species by providing food, shelter, other resources to mankind? Answer: biodiversity Question: What influences richness of biodiversity? Answer: the climatic conditions and area of the region Question: What term describes all the species of plants in existence? Answer: flora Question: What term describes the components of insects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ensures the survival of human species by providing insects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What influences richness of insects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term describes all the species of insects in existence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many species of insects are known to date? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for "Love on Top". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, "God Made You Beautiful". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album. Question: Destiny's Child released a compilation album about which topic? Answer: romance Question: Beyonce's documentary movie was called what? Answer: Life Is But a Dream Question: What did Beyonce sign in 2013? Answer: global publishing agreement Question: When did Destiny's Child release its album "Love Songs"? Answer: January 2013 Question: What was the title of the added track in Love Songs? Answer: Nuclear Question: At whose inauguration did she perform the National Anthem? Answer: President Obama Question: How many Tweets per minute did the half time show get? Answer: 268,000 tweets per minute Question: When did Destiny's Child release Love Songs? Answer: January 2013 Question: What was the new track for Love Songs? Answer: Nuclear Question: What did Beyoncé sing at President Obama's second inauguration? Answer: the American national anthem Question: What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration? Answer: Super Bowl XLVII halftime show Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's documentary film? Answer: Life Is But a Dream
Context: Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements. Dogs will healthily digest a variety of foods, including vegetables and grains, and can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. Comparing dogs and wolves, dogs have adaptations in genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet. Question: Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior? Answer: omnivores Question: Dogs can digest meat as well as what else? Answer: vegetables and grains Question: Cats are known as what type of carnivore? Answer: obligate Question: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what? Answer: carnivores or omnivores Question: Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating? Answer: protein Question: Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot? Answer: starch
Context: The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as they are for personal, noncommerical use. The Copyright Directive was not intended to legitimize file-sharing, but rather the common practice of space shifting copyright-protected content from a legally purchased CD (for example) to certain kinds of devices and media, provided rights holders are compensated and no copy protection measures are circumvented. Rights-holder compensation takes various forms, depending on the country, but is generally either a levy on "recording" devices and media, or a tax on the content itself. In some countries, such as Canada, the applicability of such laws to copying onto general-purpose storage devices like computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones, for which no levies are collected, has been the subject of debate and further efforts to reform copyright law. Question: What directive in 2001 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use? Answer: EU Copyright Directive of 2001 Question: What was the directive NOT intended for? Answer: legitimize file-sharing Question: Compensation to the rights-holder is generally a levy or what else? Answer: a tax on the content itself Question: What is an example of a country that has no levies collected? Answer: Canada Question: What are examples of general purpose storage devices? Answer: computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones Question: What directive in 2010 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the directive intended for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Compensation to the rights-holder is never a levy or what else? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a country that has all levies collected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are examples of specific purpose storage devices? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury. Question: Including Arsenal, how many teams had won the Premier League up to 2013? Answer: five Question: In what year was the Premier League created? Answer: 1992 Question: What team defeated Arsenal in the finals of the Champions League in 2005-2006 season? Answer: Barcelona Question: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006? Answer: Emirates Stadium Question: For how many years did Arsenal play at Highbury? Answer: 93 Question: Who did Arsenal compete against in the 2005-06 Championship League? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who won the 2012-2013 Championship League? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what stadium does Manchester City play? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Manchester United plays in what stadium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first United Kingdom team to reach the Champion League final? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The structure of a mosque is simple and it expresses openness. Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran decorate mosques and mausoleums in Punjab. The inscriptions on bricks and tiles of the mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (1320 AD) at Multan are outstanding specimens of architectural calligraphy. The earliest existing building in South Asia with enamelled tile-work is the tomb of Shah Yusuf Gardezi (1150 AD) at Multan. A specimen of the sixteenth century tile-work at Lahore is the tomb of Sheikh Musa Ahangar, with its brilliant blue dome. The tile-work of Emperor Shah Jahan is of a richer and more elaborate nature. The pictured wall of Lahore Fort is the last line in the tile-work in the entire world. Question: What kind of inscriptions decorate Punjab's burial places? Answer: Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran Question: When did Rukn-e-Alam die? Answer: 1320 AD Question: When did Gardezi die? Answer: 1150 AD Question: When was Ahangar's tomb built? Answer: sixteenth century Question: What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb? Answer: blue Question: Where does the structure of a mosque come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What colour is the tomb of Shah Yusuf Gardezi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Emperor Shah Jahan live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Emperor Shah Jahan buried? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who built Lahore Fort? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After Kerry's third qualifying wound, he was entitled per Navy regulations to reassignment away from combat duties. Kerry's preferred choice for reassignment was as a military aide in Boston, New York or Washington, D.C. On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, where he would remain on active duty for the following year as a personal aide to an officer, Rear Admiral Walter Schlech. On January 1, 1970 Kerry was temporarily promoted to full Lieutenant. Kerry had agreed to an extension of his active duty obligation from December 1969 to August 1970 in order to perform Swift Boat duty. John Kerry was on active duty in the United States Navy from August 1966 until January 1970. He continued to serve in the Naval Reserve until February 1978. Question: Which wound allowed Kerry to leave combat duty? Answer: third Question: Where was Kerry reassigned in April 1969? Answer: the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service Question: When did Kerry become a lieutenant? Answer: January 1, 1970 Question: Who was Kerry a personal aide for? Answer: Rear Admiral Walter Schlech Question: When did Kerry leave the Naval Reserve? Answer: February 1978

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