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Context: Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote social development.' Question: Who said that architecture was able extend beyond function? Answer: Nunzia Rondanini Question: In what way did Nunzia Rondanini believe architecture moved past mere functionality? Answer: Through its aesthetic dimension Question: What could, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"? Answer: social life Question: What shouldn't architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini? Answer: social development Question: What does architecture share with other sciences? Answer: functional aspects Question: Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what way did Nunzia Rondanini not believe architecture moved past mere functionality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What couldn't, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does architecture differ from other sciences? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the other extreme mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and areas at elevation of 750 meters or more (same elevation as Jerusalem) will usually receive at least one snowfall each year. From May to September, rain in Israel is rare. With scarce water resources, Israel has developed various water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation. Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for solar energy, making Israel the leading nation in solar energy use per capita (practically every house uses solar panels for water heating). Question: Israel developed what? Answer: various water-saving technologies Question: What does Israelis take advantage of? Answer: sunlight Question: Who leads the nation in solar energy use? Answer: Israel
Context: There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is Fort Peck Reservoir on the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world. Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. Question: How many named lakes are there in Montana? Answer: at least 3,223 Question: What is the name of the largest freshwater lake in western United States? Answer: Flathead Lake Question: What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state? Answer: Fort Peck Reservoir Question: What river is the Fort Peck Reservoir on? Answer: Missouri river
Context: Von Neumann's habilitation was completed on December 13, 1927, and he started his lectures as a privatdozent at the University of Berlin in 1928. By the end of 1927, von Neumann had published twelve major papers in mathematics, and by the end of 1929, thirty-two papers, at a rate of nearly one major paper per month. His reputed powers of speedy, massive memorization and recall allowed him to recite volumes of information, and even entire directories, with ease. In 1929, he briefly became a privatdozent at the University of Hamburg, where the prospects of becoming a tenured professor were better, but in October of that year a better offer presented itself when he was invited to Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. Question: Where did Von Neumann begin to lecture in 1928? Answer: University of Berlin Question: By the end of 1927 how many papers had Von Neuman written? Answer: twelve major papers in mathematics Question: How many papers had Von Neumann written by 1929? Answer: thirty-two papers Question: What better offer came for Von Neumann in 1930? Answer: Princeton University
Context: Gorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party. From July 23 to September 1988, a group of Azerbaijani intellectuals began working for a new organization called the Popular Front of Azerbaijan, loosely based on the Estonian Popular Front. On September 17, when gun battles broke out between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis near Stepanakert, two soldiers were killed and more than two dozen injured. This led to almost tit-for-tat ethnic polarization in Nagorno-Karabakh's two main towns: The Azerbaijani minority was expelled from Stepanakert, and the Armenian minority was expelled from Shusha. On November 17, 1988, in response to the exodus of tens of thousands of Azerbaijanis from Armenia, a series of mass demonstrations began in Baku's Lenin Square, lasting 18 days and attracting half a million demonstrators. On December 5, 1988, the Soviet militia finally moved in, cleared the square by force, and imposed a curfew that lasted ten months. Question: Who did Gorbachev make First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party in 1988? Answer: Abdulrahman Vezirov Question: Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov? Answer: Kamran Baghirov Question: How many soldiers died on September 17? Answer: two Question: People of what ethnicity were thrown out of Shusha? Answer: Armenian Question: How long did the Lenin Square protest last? Answer: 18 days
Context: On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use. Question: Who did Witon Barry work for? Answer: the Tobolar Copra processing plant Question: Where was the Tobolar Copra plant located? Answer: Majuro Question: What is copra? Answer: the meat of the coconut Question: How many coconuts are required to produce 1 liter of coconut oil? Answer: 6 to 10 Question: How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009? Answer: 57
Context: The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. Since the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, it is the most populous Territory. Its first capital, St. George's, was established in 1612 and is the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World. Question: What is the capital of Bermuda? Answer: St. George's Question: What spin-off company took over operations in Bermuda in 1615? Answer: Somers Isles Company Question: In what year did Bermuda enter British rule? Answer: 1707 Question: What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684? Answer: the Somers Isles Company Question: In what year did the islands become a British colony? Answer: 1707 Question: What event occured that automatically ranked Bermuda as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory? Answer: Newfoundland became part of Canada Question: What was Bermuda's first capital? Answer: St. George Question: What company was the spin-off of Somers Isles Company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who took over the colony from Virginia in 1614? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who managed the colony until 1648? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1770? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was China returned to Hong Kong? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. Question: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US Answer: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles Question: What level is most of the land in florida Answer: Much of the state is at or near sea level Question: What is the florida climate Answer: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south Question: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida Answer: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee Question: Name a National Park in Florida Answer: Everglades National Park Question: What is the length of the shortest Contiguous Coastline in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of the state is not near sea level? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region in Florida is not subtropical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region in Florida is not tropical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What park is outside of Florida? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had", which both attained moderate success. The fourth single "Love on Top" was a commercial success in the US. 4 also produced four other singles; "Party", "Countdown", "I Care" and "End of Time". "Eat, Play, Love", a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists. In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances: the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only. Question: Beyonce's fourth album debuted in what year? Answer: 2011 Question: Which single had the most success from that album? Answer: Love on Top Question: Beyonce won an award for which activity in 2011? Answer: writing Question: in 2011, Beyonce performed for four nights where? Answer: New York's Roseland Ballroom Question: When was Beyonce's forth album released? Answer: June 28, 2011 Question: How many copies did the album sell in its first week? Answer: 310,000 copies Question: Who awarded Beyonce and award for writing? Answer: New York Association of Black Journalists Question: When did she perform at the Roseland ballroom? Answer: 2011 Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's fourth studio album? Answer: 4 Question: When was 4 released? Answer: June 28, 2011 Question: How many copies of 4 sold in the first week? Answer: 310,000 Question: What magazine did Beyoncé write a story for about her earlier hiatus? Answer: Essence Question: Where did Beyoncé perform for four nights of standing room only concerts in 2011? Answer: New York's Roseland Ballroom
Context: The National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum has galleries of western art and is home to the Hall of Great Western Performers. In contrast, the city will also be home to The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum that began construction in 2009 (although completion of the facility has been held up due to insufficient funding), on the south side of Interstate 40, southeast from Bricktown. Question: When did The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum begin construction? Answer: 2009
Context: Insects can be divided into two groups historically treated as subclasses: wingless insects, known as Apterygota, and winged insects, known as Pterygota. The Apterygota consist of the primitively wingless order of the silverfish (Thysanura). Archaeognatha make up the Monocondylia based on the shape of their mandibles, while Thysanura and Pterygota are grouped together as Dicondylia. The Thysanura themselves possibly are not monophyletic, with the family Lepidotrichidae being a sister group to the Dicondylia (Pterygota and the remaining Thysanura). Question: What is the term for the class of insects with wings? Answer: Pterygota Question: What is the term for the class of insects without wings? Answer: Apterygota Question: What group of insects are inclusive within the Monocondylia primarily due to the shape of their mandible? Answer: Archaeognatha Question: What is the collective group to which Thysanura and Pterygota belong? Answer: Dicondylia Question: Insects are historically divided into how many groups? Answer: two groups Question: Insects with wings are known as what? Answer: Pterygota Question: Does an Apterygots have wings or wingless? Answer: wingless Question: What is a Thysanura? Answer: silverfish Question: Thysanura and Pterygota are what? Answer: Dicondylia
Context: Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferred prey. The prey in turn, are often equally suited to escape that predator. This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium. Some predators specialize in certain classes of prey, not just single species. Some will switch to other prey (with varying degrees of success) when the preferred target is extremely scarce, and they may also resort to scavenging or a herbivorous diet if possible.[citation needed] Question: Species that aren't considered specialized are called what? Answer: opportunistic Question: Predator and prey interactions that involve specialization result in a balance called? Answer: equilibrium Question: When a specialized species resorts to foraging and eating other diets, it's like because it's primary food source is? Answer: scarce Question: What do specialized predators and prey rely on to get the upper hand? Answer: evolution Question: What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything? Answer: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators Question: What term is used for predators and prey being well suited to hunt and evade each other? Answer: evolutionary arms race Question: What is the purpose of an evolutionary arms race? Answer: keep the populations of both species in equilibrium Question: If scavengers' food becomes scarce, they may turn to what type of diet? Answer: herbivorous Question: What is there a large degree of among herbivores? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a predator that eat only certain prey classes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are single prey species always well suited for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term describes how predators occasionally switch to a scavenging or herbivorous diet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When alligators turn to an herbivorous diet what does this action maintain in their habitat? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry. Question: When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry? Answer: 1882 Question: Why did Deraismes resign from Freemasonry? Answer: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge Question: What led to exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England? Answer: Disagreements over ritual Question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge? Answer: Georges Martin Question: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking? Answer: Annie Besant Question: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge? Answer: Maria Deraismes Question: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons? Answer: 1882 Question: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge? Answer: Georges Martin Question: What year was an all-female masonic lodge created? Answer: 1901 Question: What year was the all-female masonic lodge cast aside? Answer: 1935 Question: When was Maria Deraismes assassinated in Freemasonry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Deraismes dislike Freemasonry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What led to exclusively transgender bodies of Freemasons in England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, stopped a mixed gender masonic lodge? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was an all-animal masonic lodge created? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, among Rome’s equites and Senators. Christian apologists interpreted his disgraceful capture and death as divine judgement. The next forty years were peaceful; the Christian church grew stronger and its literature and theology gained a higher social and intellectual profile, due in part to its own search for political toleration and theological coherence. Origen discussed theological issues with traditionalist elites in a common Neoplatonist frame of reference – he had written to Decius' predecessor Philip the Arab in similar vein – and Hippolytus recognised a “pagan” basis in Christian heresies. The Christian churches were disunited; Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch was deposed by a synod of 268 for "dogmatic reasons – his doctrine on the human nature of Christ was rejected – and for his lifestyle, which reminded his brethren of the habits of the administrative elite". The reasons for his deposition were widely circulated among the churches. Meanwhile, Aurelian (270-75) appealed for harmony among his soldiers (concordia militum), stabilised the Empire and its borders and successfully established an official, Hellenic form of unitary cult to the Palmyrene Sol Invictus in Rome's Campus Martius. Question: What did Valerian call the Christian religion? Answer: subversive foreign cult Question: What Christian events did Valerian outlaw? Answer: assemblies Question: To what gods did Valerian tell the Christians to sacrifice? Answer: Rome's traditional Question: What did Valerian's second edict call the Christians' presence in the empire? Answer: threat Question: What did the Christian church become in the years after Valerian's death? Answer: stronger
Context: Scientific academies and societies grew out of the Scientific Revolution as the creators of scientific knowledge in contrast to the scholasticism of the university. During the Enlightenment, some societies created or retained links to universities. However, contemporary sources distinguished universities from scientific societies by claiming that the university's utility was in the transmission of knowledge, while societies functioned to create knowledge. As the role of universities in institutionalized science began to diminish, learned societies became the cornerstone of organized science. Official scientific societies were chartered by the state in order to provide technical expertise. Most societies were granted permission to oversee their own publications, control the election of new members, and the administration of the society. After 1700, a tremendous number of official academies and societies were founded in Europe, and by 1789 there were over seventy official scientific societies. In reference to this growth, Bernard de Fontenelle coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century. Question: What did contemporary sources claim was the purpose of the universiity in contrast to the societies? Answer: transmission of knowledge Question: Contemporary sources considered societies functioned for what purpose in contrast to universities? Answer: to create knowledge Question: By what year were there over seventy official scientific societies? Answer: 1789 Question: Who coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century? Answer: Bernard de Fontenelle
Context: More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals. Question: In what year was the never ending story made? Answer: 1984 Question: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002? Answer: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Question: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language? Answer: 2007 Question: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held? Answer: yearly Question: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival? Answer: 1951 Question: What did Carolina Link get an Acadamy award for in the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What film festival was held yearly until 1951? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One of the characteristics of BYU most often pointed out is its reputation for emphasizing a "marriage culture". Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith. Approximately 51 percent of the graduates in BYU's class of 2005 were married. This is compared to a national marriage average among college graduates of 11 percent. BYU students on average marry at the age of 22, according to a 2005 study, while the national average age is 25 years for men and 27 years for women. Question: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation? Answer: emphasizing a "marriage culture" Question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2005 were married? Answer: Approximately 51 Question: What is the national marriage average among college graduates? Answer: 11 percent Question: What is the average age that BYU students marry according to a 2005 study? Answer: 22 Question: What type of marriage is highly valued by LDS members? Answer: marriage within the faith Question: What does BUY have a reputation for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2015 are married? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Men do what at the average age of 27? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Women do what at the average age of 25? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Female houses differed from male Dominican houses in a lack of apostolic work for the women. Instead, the sisters chanted the Divine Office and kept all the monastic observances. Their lives were often much more strict than their brothers' lives. The sisters had no government of their own, but lived under the authority of the general and provincial chapters of the order. They were compelled to obey all the rules and shared in all the applicable privileges of the order. Like the Priory of Dartford, all Dominican nunneries were under the jurisdiction of friars. The friars served as their confessors, priests, teachers and spiritual mentors. Question: How did female Dominican houses differ from male ones? Answer: lack of apostolic work Question: What did the sisters do instead of apostolic work? Answer: chanted the Divine Office Question: What did the sisters not have? Answer: government of their own Question: Who were the nunneries under the jurisdiction of? Answer: friars Question: What is one role that the friars served as to the nuns? Answer: teachers Question: How did female house not differ from male Dominican houses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Benedictine sisters do instead of apostolic work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the sisters have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose authority did the sisters not live under? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What roles did the friars not serve as to the nuns? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'. Question: What is Neptune's mantle rich in? Answer: water, ammonia and methane Question: What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? Answer: icy Question: What does the fluid in Neptune have a high conductivity of? Answer: electrical Question: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go? Answer: 7000 km Question: What rains on Neptune? Answer: diamond crystals Question: Who's mantle is 10 to 15 times greater than Neptunes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the cold dense liqued on Neptune called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What substance on Neptune inhibits electricity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of crystal forms 7000 km above the surface of neoptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: who suggested Neptunes mantle is solid carbon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Neptune's mantle lack? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the cold, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the fluid in Uranus have a high conductivity of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How deep does Neptune's oxygen ocean go? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rises on Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures. Question: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island? Answer: scouting and guiding Question: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena? Answer: 1912 Question: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937? Answer: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell Question: What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit? Answer: African Adventures
Context: State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light. Question: Where do State Banquets take place? Answer: the Ballroom Question: In what month does the Queen entertain the diplomatic corps? Answer: November Question: What is used to set the dining table for formal dinners? Answer: the Grand Service Question: When was the Grand Service made? Answer: 1811 Question: For whom was the Grand Service made? Answer: the Prince of Wales Question: Where do state banquets take place? Answer: in the Ballroom Question: When are state banquets held? Answer: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state Question: What is the dining table laid with for state banquets? Answer: the Grand Service Question: Who was the Grand Service originally made for? Answer: Prince of Wales Question: Where are State Banquets forbidden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What month does the Queen promote the diplomatic corps? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used to set the dining table for casual dinners? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Grand Service removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When are state banquets avoided? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Education in Switzerland is very diverse because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system to the cantons. There are both public and private schools, including many private international schools. The minimum age for primary school is about six years in all cantons, but most cantons provide a free "children's school" starting at four or five years old. Primary school continues until grade four, five or six, depending on the school. Traditionally, the first foreign language in school was always one of the other national languages, although recently (2000) English was introduced first in a few cantons. Question: Who has authority of school systems in Switzerland? Answer: the cantons Question: What is the minimum age for primary school in all cantons? Answer: six Question: What do most cantons provide for free when children are 4 or 5 years old? Answer: children's school Question: When was English introduced as a first foreign language in many cantons? Answer: 2000 Question: How long does primary school continue? Answer: until grade four, five or six
Context: In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. Question: What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch? Answer: Glorious Revolution Question: What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power? Answer: Bill of Rights Question: What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights? Answer: House of Commons Question: What war took place in the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war strenthened the monarchs position? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Revolution took place in the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What bill was passed in the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: President Franklin Roosevelt ordered General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing in Australia. Enemy naval activity reached Sydney in late May 1942, when Japanese midget submarines launched a daring raid on Sydney Harbour. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle. Question: Who ordered General MacArthur to make a defense plan with Australia? Answer: President Franklin Roosevelt Question: When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia? Answer: March 1942 Question: Who was the Supreme Commander of the South West Allied forces? Answer: MacArthur Question: Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942? Answer: Melbourne Question: How many Japanese submarines shelled Sydney on June 8, 1942? Answer: two
Context: There is ongoing debate about whether central banks should target zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now). Although some economists are in favor of a zero inflation policy and therefore a constant value for the U.S. dollar, others contend that such a policy limits the ability of the central bank to control interest rates and stimulate the economy when needed. Question: What would zero inflation mean for the US dollar over time? Answer: constant value Question: What would result in a slow declining of the value of the dollar over time? Answer: low, stable inflation Question: Who is in favor of a zero inflation policy? Answer: some economists Question: A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and ability to react? Answer: central bank Question: With a zero inflation rate, what would the central bank be unable to do other than control interest rates? Answer: stimulate the economy Question: What would zero inflation mean for control interest over time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would result in a slow declining of the value of control interest over time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and stimulate the economy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With a zero inflation rate, what would stable inflation be unable to do other than control interest rates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would mean a continuously but slowly stimulating of the economy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to the Chinese central government." Yet he states that this was a radical change in regards to all previous eras of Sino-Tibetan relations. Question: During Which dynasty does Josef Kolmaš claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China? Answer: the Qing dynasty Question: Josef Kolmaš states that Tibet became subject to what government? Answer: the Chinese central government
Context: An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song "Tom's Diner", the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard. A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference. Question: What is the name of the study done by composer Ryan Maguire? Answer: The Ghost in the MP3 Question: What did the study aim to isolate? Answer: sounds lost during MP3 compression Question: What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of? Answer: Tom's Diner Question: Where was an account of the study published? Answer: International Computer Music Conference Question: Which year was the study published? Answer: 2014
Context: As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the French region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (of which 4,550 are in primary school). At an academic level, the largest number of faculties of neerlandistiek can be found in Germany (30 universities), followed by France (20 universities) and the United Kingdom (5 universities). Question: About how many students in Belgium are studying Dutch? Answer: 300,000 Question: How many primary school students are learning Dutch in Nord-Pas-de-Calais? Answer: 4,550 Question: What country has the most universities offering courses in neerlandistiek? Answer: Germany Question: How many universities in France offer neerlandistiek courses? Answer: 20 Question: Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch? Answer: Lower Saxony
Context: In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode. Question: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0? Answer: 1996 Question: Why was a surrogate character mechanism implemented? Answer: so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits Question: What are some characters not originally intended for Unicode? Answer: rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters Question: Why are some foreign characters rarely used? Answer: many of which are part of personal and place names Question: Why was the Unicode 2.0 codespace increased? Answer: allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts Question: When was Unicode restricted to 16 bits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of egyptian hieroglyphs are rarely used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the extra Unicode characters called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of characters were removed with Unicode 2.0? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was removed in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum of one large raid on eight other cities. This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed] Question: What was the beginning date of the aerial raids on Great Britain? Answer: 7 September 1940 Question: How many days did the aerial raids on Great Britain last? Answer: 267 days Question: How many times was London attacked? Answer: 71 times Question: Who was the UK Prime Minster at the time of the aerial raids? Answer: Winston Churchill Question: What city did Winston Churchill bomb in retaliation for the killing of civilians? Answer: Berlin
Context: Bell is also credited with developing one of the early versions of a metal detector in 1881. The device was quickly put together in an attempt to find the bullet in the body of U.S. President James Garfield. According to some accounts, the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find the assassin's bullet partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument, resulting in static. The president's surgeons, who were skeptical of the device, ignored Bell's requests to move the president to a bed not fitted with metal springs. Alternatively, although Bell had detected a slight sound on his first test, the bullet may have been lodged too deeply to be detected by the crude apparatus. Question: What did Bell create in 1881? Answer: metal detector Question: What was in James Garfield that they wanted to get out? Answer: bullet Question: What did Bell think was wrong with the bed, which prevented his machine from finding the bullet? Answer: metal bed frame Question: On which run did Bell's metal detector give a small indication? Answer: first Question: When did Bell's metal detector work well? Answer: in tests
Context: Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation,[a] a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent from Protestantism.[b] The term derives from the letter of protestation from Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. Question: What type of faith is Protestantism? Answer: Christian Question: Whose teachings were once considered to be heretical? Answer: Martin Luther Question: Other than Protestantism, what are the other two divisions of Christianity? Answer: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy Question: Who wrote a letter protesting the condemnation of Martin Luther? Answer: Lutheran princes Question: What was the name of the movement that started Protestantism? Answer: the Protestant Reformation
Context: Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Green animals include, especially, amphibians, reptiles, and some fish, birds and insects. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by the surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a protein that carries copper ions in chelation. Question: How do animals typically use the color green? Answer: camouflage Question: Why do most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green? Answer: reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment Question: What is a chemical that can cause green hue in birds? Answer: Turacoverdin Question: What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation? Answer: ceruloplasmin Question: What is the green pigment in bile called? Answer: biliverdin Question: Why do most fish appear blue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the chemical in reptiles that causes them to appear green? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Birds eat what pigment that causes them to look green? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What chemicals have humans used in their camouflage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for hemanovadin? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge. During Christ's millennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium. Question: Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven? Answer: a "little flock" Question: Where will God resurrected the "other sheep" after Armageddon? Answer: a cleansed earth Question: Jehovah Witnesses interrupted Revelation 14:1-5 to limit heaven goers to exactly what number? Answer: 144,000 Question: Who is the final Judge of whether Jehovah Witnesses get to survive Armageddon? Answer: God Question: What will people need to study for during Christ's millennial reign? Answer: their final test at the end of the millennium Question: How many Jehovah Witnesses exist today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Christians go to heaven according to Catholics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do most Protestant religions believe in regards to how many people get to go to heaven? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many "other sheep" get to be resurrected by God after the Armageddon according to Jehovah's Witnesses? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication Science during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society, serving until 1903, and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations, including photography, in the magazine. he also became a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution (1898–1922). The French government conferred on him the decoration of the Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honor); the Royal Society of Arts in London awarded him the Albert Medal in 1902; the University of Würzburg, Bavaria, granted him a PhD, and he was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1912. He was one of the founders of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1884, and served as its president from 1891–92. Bell was later awarded the AIEE's Edison Medal in 1914 "For meritorious achievement in the invention of the telephone". Question: What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard? Answer: Science Question: When did Bell cease to be President of the National Geographic Society? Answer: 1903 Question: What enduring feature of National Geographic did Bell help implement? Answer: illustrations Question: What award did Bell win in 1902? Answer: Albert Medal
Context: About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment. Question: What portion of the Swazi population are subsistence farmers? Answer: About 75% Question: In terms of Swaziland, what does SNL refer to? Answer: Swazi Nation Land Question: Outside of agriculture what provides to the Swazi economy? Answer: textile manufacturing Question: What are the problems with Swazi Nation Land? Answer: low productivity and investment Question: Where does the population get 75% of its income? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has low productivity compared to Swazi Nation Land? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other industries have low productivity besides agriculture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is commercial farming productivity declining? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that "Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris is used for domestic dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris. Question: What is the Latin term for "dog.?" Answer: Canis Question: What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae? Answer: 1758 Question: Who published Systema Naturae? Answer: Linnaeus Question: What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus? Answer: wolf Question: What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves? Answer: Mammal Species of the World Question: What is the Latin word for dog? Answer: Canis Question: Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what? Answer: family dog Question: What is the Latin name for a wolf? Answer: Canis lupus Question: Feral dogs have what Latin classification? Answer: Canis dingo Question: What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus? Answer: 1982
Context: Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Catholic Church often decried angrily) preached in the vulgar or native language of each region. However, the enlightenment was an outright attack on religion, particularly Christianity. The most outspoken critic of the church in France was François Marie Arouet de Voltaire, a representative figure of the enlightenment. After Voltaire, religion would never be the same again in France. Question: The concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of what? Answer: free trade Question: What increasingly challenged the Roman Catholic dominance of theology? Answer: Protestant churches Question: The enlightenment was an outright attack on what? Answer: religion Question: Who was the most outspoken critic of the church in France? Answer: François Marie Arouet de Voltaire Question: The concept of Guild was superior to what theory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Roman Catholic Church was subordinate to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The allotment was an evolution of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the most outspoken supporter of the church in France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After who philosophy was never the same again in France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What concept was the enlightenment subordinated to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who challenged Voltaire's dominance of theology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were political and economic relations an attack on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was an outspoken critic of the theory of free trade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After the concept of the guild, what happened to religion in France? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, avoiding foreign interference, and making the end of slavery a war goal. The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend, and it failed to keep its ports open and its rivers clear. The North kept up the pressure as the South could barely feed and clothe its soldiers. Its soldiers, especially those in the East under the command of General Robert E. Lee proved highly resourceful until they finally were overwhelmed by Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman in 1864–65, The Reconstruction Era (1863–77) began with the Emancipation proclamation in 1863, and included freedom, full citizenship and the vote for the Southern blacks. It was followed by a reaction that left the blacks in a second class status legally, politically, socially and economically until the 1960s. Question: What did northern leaders agree on about slavery? Answer: all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Question: What did Lincoln do well in the war? Answer: mobilizing support for the war goals Question: Why couldn't the confederacy defend their ports? Answer: The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend Question: The south could barely do what for their souldiers? Answer: feed and clothe Question: General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy? Answer: the East
Context: Furthermore, in the case of far-right, far-left and regionalism parties in the national parliaments of much of the European Union, mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties" present in the legislature which are viewed as 'anti-system' or otherwise unacceptable for government. Cordon Sanitarian, however, have been increasingly abandoned over the past two decades in multi-party democracies as the pressure to construct broad coalitions in order to win elections – along with the increased willingness of outsider parties themselves to participate in government – has led to many such parties entering electoral and government coalitions. Question: Will mainstream political parties not cooperate towards outsider parties if they are too extream? Answer: mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties" Question: which outsider parties considered unacceptable to work with? Answer: far-right, far-left and regionalism Question: What has been increasingly abandoned in the past two decades? Answer: Cordon Sanitarian Question: What has caused far-right parties to be abandoned over the past two decades? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of democracies were created after the formation of the EU? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What groups have Outsider Parties not wanted to cooperate with recently? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Outsider Parties form because they didn't want to cooperate with government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of policy do Outsider Parties usually have towards the government? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In recognition of his senior position in the Allied command, on December 20, 1944, he was promoted to General of the Army, equivalent to the rank of Field Marshal in most European armies. In this and the previous high commands he held, Eisenhower showed his great talents for leadership and diplomacy. Although he had never seen action himself, he won the respect of front-line commanders. He interacted adeptly with allies such as Winston Churchill, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and General Charles de Gaulle. He had serious disagreements with Churchill and Montgomery over questions of strategy, but these rarely upset his relationships with them. He dealt with Soviet Marshal Zhukov, his Russian counterpart, and they became good friends. Question: What European rank was equivalent to that of General of the Army? Answer: Field Marshal Question: On what date did Eisenhower receive his General of the Army appointment? Answer: December 20, 1944 Question: Along with Montgomery, with whom did Eisenhower disagree on strategy? Answer: Churchill Question: What Soviet military leader was a counterpart of Eisenhower? Answer: Zhukov Question: What rank was held by de Gaulle? Answer: General
Context: One man who has encountered this problem is Taiwanese politician Yu Shyi-kun, due to the rarity of the last character in his name. Newspapers have dealt with this problem in varying ways, including using software to combine two existing, similar characters, including a picture of the personality, or, especially as is the case with Yu Shyi-kun, simply substituting a homophone for the rare character in the hope that the reader would be able to make the correct inference. Taiwanese political posters, movie posters etc. will often add the bopomofo phonetic symbols next to such a character. Japanese newspapers may render such names and words in katakana instead of kanji, and it is accepted practice for people to write names for which they are unsure of the correct kanji in katakana instead. Question: Who is a Taiwanese politician? Answer: Yu Shyi-kun Question: What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols? Answer: movie posters Question: What may render certain names in katakana instead of kanji? Answer: Japanese newspapers
Context: Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia. Question: Along with Northern and Maay, what is the third main group of Somali dialects? Answer: Benaadir Question: What dialect is Standard Somali based on? Answer: Northern Somali Question: What is another name for Benaadir? Answer: Coastal Somali Question: What dialect is spoken on Mogadishu? Answer: Benaadir Question: In what geographic part of Somalia do the Rahanweyn live? Answer: southern
Context: Fossilized spores suggest that higher plants (embryophytes) have lived on land for at least 475 million years. Early land plants reproduced sexually with flagellated, swimming sperm, like the green algae from which they evolved. An adaptation to terrestrialization was the development of upright meiosporangia for dispersal by spores to new habitats. This feature is lacking in the descendants of their nearest algal relatives, the Charophycean green algae. A later terrestrial adaptation took place with retention of the delicate, avascular sexual stage, the gametophyte, within the tissues of the vascular sporophyte. This occurred by spore germination within sporangia rather than spore release, as in non-seed plants. A current example of how this might have happened can be seen in the precocious spore germination in Selaginella, the spike-moss. The result for the ancestors of angiosperms was enclosing them in a case, the seed. The first seed bearing plants, like the ginkgo, and conifers (such as pines and firs), did not produce flowers. The pollen grains (males) of Ginkgo and cycads produce a pair of flagellated, mobile sperm cells that "swim" down the developing pollen tube to the female and her eggs. Question: How long have higher plants lived on land? Answer: at least 475 million years Question: How did early plants reproduce sexually? Answer: with flagellated, swimming sperm Question: Upright meisporangia allowed what to be dispersed to new habitats? Answer: spores Question: What are the nearest algal relatives existing today? Answer: Charophycean green algae Question: What is the common name for Selaginella? Answer: the spike-moss Question: What do the first green algae not produce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the pollen of spike-moss produce for reproduction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the pollen of spike-moss do to reach the female? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What suggests that confiers have lived on land for 475 million years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Charophycean green algae develop to disperse by spores into new habitats? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most Venezuelans have some indigenous heritage, but the indigenous population make up only around 2% of the total population. They speak around 29 different languages and many more dialects, but some of the ethnic groups are very small and their languages are in danger of becoming extinct in the next decades. The most important indigenous groups are the Ye'kuana, the Wayuu, the Pemon and the Warao. The most advanced native people to have lived in present-day Venezuela is thought to have been the Timoto-cuicas, who mainly lived in the Venezuelan Andes. In total it is estimated that there were between 350 thousand and 500 thousand inhabitants, the most densely populated area being the Andean region (Timoto-cuicas), thanks to the advanced agricultural techniques used. Question: What do most Venezuelans have? Answer: some indigenous heritage Question: How many different languages does the 2% of truly indigenous Venezuelans speak? Answer: around 29 Question: Why are the languages of the indigenous peoples of Venezuela in danger of becoming extinct? Answer: groups are very small Question: Who were the most advanced native people to have lived in what is present-day Venezuela? Answer: Timoto-cuicas Question: What made the Timoto-cuicas so advanced? Answer: agricultural techniques used
Context: Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen." Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again. Question: On what date did Victoria turn 18? Answer: 24 May 1837 Question: On what date did William IV die? Answer: 20 June 1837 Question: How old was William IV when he died? Answer: 71 Question: What is the name given to Victoria on official documents? Answer: Alexandrina Victoria Question: What was the exact time that Victorias Uncle, the King, died? Answer: 12 minutes past 2 Question: When did Victoria turn 18? Answer: 24 May 1837 Question: When did Victoria become Queen upon William IV's death? Answer: 20 June 1837 Question: What name was Victoria referred to as on only the first day of her reign? Answer: Alexandrina Victoria Question: How old was Victoria's Uncle, King Willaim on his death? Answer: 71 Question: Who informed Victoria of her Uncle's passing and that she was now to become Queen of England? Answer: the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham Question: What caused Victoria to become the Queen of the United Kingdom? Answer: 20 June 1837, William IV died Question: Who came to tell Victoria that she was to be Queen of the United Kingdom? Answer: Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham Question: What name did the first official documents of Victoria's monarchy have her listed as? Answer: Alexandrina Victoria Question: How old was William IV when he died? Answer: 71 Question: Where did she receive the news that she was to be queen? Answer: sitting-room Question: On what date did Victoria turn 81? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did William V die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was William IV when he survived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name given to Victoria on unofficial documents? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the exact time that Victorias Uncle, the Prince, died? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work. Question: What does Islamic philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism? Answer: essence and existence Question: Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe much to? Answer: al-Farabi Question: What is early Islamic metaphysics imbued with? Answer: Islamic theology Question: What does Muslim philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Islamic philosophy less clearly explain than Aristotelianism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe nothing to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is late Islamic metaphysics imbued with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is early Muslim metaphysics imbued with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of the English Civil War, were conservative royalist supporters of a strong monarchy as a counterbalance to the republican tendencies of Whigs, who were the dominant political faction for most of the first half of the 18th century; they supported the Hanoverian succession of 1715 against the Jacobite supporters of the deposed Roman Catholic Stuart dynasty and were able to purge Tory politicians from important government positions after the failed Jacobite rising of 1715. The leader of the Whigs was Robert Walpole, who maintained control of the government in the period 1721–1742; his protégé was Henry Pelham (1743–1754). Question: Around what time did the first political factions start to emerge? Answer: late-17th-century England Question: Who was the dominate political party for the first half of the 18th century? Answer: Whigs Question: Who was the leader if the Whigs? Answer: Robert Walpole Question: In what year did the jacobite rising fail? Answer: 1715 Question: What groups first formed in 1715 when the Whigs were dominant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What beliefs did the Tories unite behind during the Glorious Revolution in 1715? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Exclusion Crisis end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did the English Civil War last? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the leader of the Hanoverian succession? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The NES Test Station's front features a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to chose which component to test. The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7 pounds without a TV. It connects to a television via a combined A/V and RF Switch cable. By actuating the green button, a user can toggle between an A/V Cable or RF Switch connection. The television it is connected to (typically 11" to 14") is meant to be placed atop it. Question: How much does the NES unit weigh in pounds? Answer: 11.7 Question: How large was the typical television recommended for the device? Answer: typically 11" to 14" Question: Where was the Television meant to be placed? Answer: atop Question: What's the name of the feature on the front of the front of the NES test device? Answer: Game Pak slot Question: How much does the SNES unit weigh in pounds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How small was the typical television recommended for the device? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Dvd player meant to be placed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's the name of the feature on the front of the front of the SNES test device? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals. A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes. The next week, Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated. Question: How many finalists were there on season eight of American Idol? Answer: 13 Question: Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save? Answer: Matt Giraud Question: How many contestants were eliminated during the first week after the judges save? Answer: two Question: How many contestants were sent home during the first week of finals? Answer: two Question: Who was sent home the week after the judges saved Matt Giraud? Answer: Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai Question: How many finalists were on this season? Answer: 13 Question: How many finalists were eliminated during the first results show? Answer: two Question: Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save? Answer: Matt Giraud
Context: Originally, legislative power was exercised by the sovereign acting on the advice of the Curia Regis, or Royal Council, in which important magnates and clerics participated and which evolved into parliament. The so-called Model Parliament included bishops, abbots, earls, barons, and two knights from each shire and two burgesses from each borough among its members. In 1265, the Earl of Leicester irregularly called a full parliament without royal authorisation. The body eventually came to be divided into two branches: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed the House of Lords, while the shire and borough representatives formed the House of Commons. The King would seek the advice and consent of both houses before making any law. During Henry VI's reign, it became regular practice for the two houses to originate legislation in the form of bills, which would not become law unless the sovereign's assent was obtained, as the sovereign was, and still remains, the enactor of laws. Hence, all acts include the clause "Be it enacted by the Queen's (King's) most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows...". The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 provide a second potential preamble if the House of Lords were to be excluded from the process. Question: What is another name for "Curia Regis"? Answer: Royal Council Question: Who was it that peculiarly called a full parliament without royal authorization in 1265? Answer: Earl of Leicester Question: As a result, the bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed which body of parliament? Answer: House of Lords Question: Which body did the shire and borough representatives form? Answer: House of Commons Question: From what did parliament evolve? Answer: Curia Regis, or Royal Council Question: What positions were contained within the House of Lords? Answer: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons Question: Which branch of parliament contains shire and borough representatives? Answer: House of Commons Question: A bill could not become a law without whose assent? Answer: the sovereign Question: Who is considered the enactor of laws? Answer: the sovereign Question: The Modern Parliament included whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1665, the Earl of Leicester called a full parliament without what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Queen would seek the advice of whom before making laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The two houses in England are the House of Luck and? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During Henry VIII's reign, it became common for the two houses to do what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships. Question: When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason? Answer: During World War II Question: What did Hayek specifically aim to expose in Abuse of Reason? Answer: fundamental misconceptions about the social science Question: Whose beliefs in scientific philosophy were similar to Hayek's? Answer: Karl Popper Question: What did Hayek use to refer to the spread of ignorance and misunderstanding within the social sciences? Answer: scientism Question: In scientism, it is typically believed that explanations in science are what? Answer: simple two-variable linear relationships
Context: The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial. Question: The armed forces has approximately how many members? Answer: 115,349 Question: Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces? Answer: the Chief of the Defence Staff Question: Who appoints the Chief of the Defence? Answer: The governor general Question: What location does the National Defense operate out of? Answer: Ottawa, Ontario Question: What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council? Answer: the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. Question: The rallied forces has approximately how many members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the highest ranking member of the non-Armed Forces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who doesn't appoint the Chief of the Defence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some of the members of the Non-Armed Forces Council? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall). Question: Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public? Answer: public
Context: Kouros (male youth) is the modern term given to those representations of standing male youths which first appear in the archaic period in Greece. This type served certain religious needs and was first proposed for what was previously thought to be depictions of Apollo. The first statues are certainly still and formal. The formality of their stance seems to be related with the Egyptian precedent, but it was accepted for a good reason. The sculptors had a clear idea of what a young man is, and embodied the archaic smile of good manners, the firm and springy step, the balance of the body, dignity, and youthful happiness. When they tried to depict the most abiding qualities of men, it was because men had common roots with the unchanging gods. The adoption of a standard recognizable type for a long time, is probably because nature gives preference in survival of a type which has long be adopted by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in ideal forms that can be imagined and represented. These forms expressed immortality. Apollo was the immortal god of ideal balance and order. His shrine in Delphi, that he shared in winter with Dionysius had the inscriptions: γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnōthi seautón="know thyself") and μηδὲν ἄγαν (mēdén ágan, "nothing in excess"), and ἐγγύα πάρα δ'ἄτη (eggýa pára d'atē, "make a pledge and mischief is nigh"). Question: What is the modern term given to those representations of stnding male youths that first appear in the archaic period in Greece? Answer: Kouros Question: What is another word for male youth? Answer: Kouros Question: Who was the immortal god of ideal balance? Answer: Apollo
Context: AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear: Question: Without what could morale collapse occur according to Arthur Harris? Answer: without the destruction of the German economy. Question: What was the primary strategy for Bomber Command offensives? Answer: to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale Question: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what? Answer: "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."
Context: The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" and pols "temple", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish rueca and sien, of Germanic origin. Question: What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish? Answer: Germanic Question: What is the origin of some Spanish words? Answer: Latin origin Question: What has different results in Spanish and Catalan? Answer: Germanic superstrate
Context: At the 2010 United States Census, there were 39,558 people, 15,504 households, and 8,558 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,680.8 per square mile (1,421.2/km2). There were 20,013 housing units at an average density of 1,862.2 per square mile (719.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 26.65% (10,543) White, 38.29% (15,148) Black or African American, 0.61% (242) Native American, 15.55% (6,153) Asian, 0.05% (18) Pacific Islander, 14.03% (5,549) from other races, and 4.82% (1,905) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 30.45% (12,044) of the population. Question: How many people were residing in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census? Answer: 39,558 Question: How many housing units were in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census? Answer: 20,013 Question: During the 2010 United States Census what percentage of Atlantic City's population was Hispanic or Latino? Answer: 30.45% Question: During the 2010 United States Census what percentage of Atlantic City's population was White? Answer: 26.65% Question: How many families were residing in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census? Answer: 8,558
Context: Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century AD. Question: What century does football in England date back to? Answer: eighth century AD Question: What organization has said that there is no historical connection to association football with any other game outside of Europe? Answer: FIFA Question: In what century did the modern rules of association football come from? Answer: mid-19th century Question: What country did kids play football in public schools in the 19th century? Answer: England Question: What century does football in England not exist in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization has said that there is historical connections to association football with other games outside of Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What century did the modern rules of association football end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country did kids play football in private schools in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people. Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton. The town of Glastonbury has mythical associations, including legends of a visit by the young Jesus of Nazareth and Joseph of Arimathea, with links to the Holy Grail, King Arthur, and Camelot, identified by some as Cadbury Castle, an Iron Age hill fort. Glastonbury also gives its name to an annual open-air rock festival held in nearby Pilton. There are show caves open to visitors in the Cheddar Gorge, as well as its locally produced cheese, although there is now only one remaining cheese maker in the village of Cheddar. Question: Tourism supports how many people in the County Answer: estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people Question: Some of the county attractions are Answer: the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton Question: What does Glastonbury have associations with Answer: mythical associations, including legends of a visit by the young Jesus of Nazareth and Joseph of Arimathea, with links to the Holy Grail, King Arthur Question: What type of festival is Glastonbury famous for Answer: Glastonbury also gives its name to an annual open-air rock festival held in nearby Pilton Question: What type of cheese is the county famous for Answer: locally produced cheese, although there is now only one remaining cheese maker in the village of Cheddar Question: How many people visit Exmoor National Park each month? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the first annual open-air rock festival near Pilton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people attend the open-air rock festival near Pilton each year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many visit the museum of the Fleet Air Arm each month? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Fleet Air Arm museum established? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities. It is noteworthy that Cyprus currently has the highest percentage of citizens of working age who have higher-level education in the EU at 30% which is ahead of Finland's 29.5%. In addition, 47% of its population aged 25–34 have tertiary education, which is the highest in the EU. The body of Cypriot students is highly mobile, with 78.7% studying in a university outside Cyprus. Question: Where do most Cypriots receiver higher education? Answer: Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities Question: What nation has the highest level percentage of working citizens with higher-level education? Answer: Cyprus Question: What percentage of the 25-34 Cyprus population has tertiary education? Answer: 47% Question: How many Cypriots students attend school outside of the country Answer: 78.7%
Context: Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on U.S. corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and Sixty-four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. U.S. shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate PC market which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008. Heavily depending on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers. Question: What country's PC market was Dell reliant on? Answer: U.S Question: What percentage of Dell's profits were desktop PCs being sold to commercial and corporate buyers? Answer: 32 percent Question: What year were Dell's PC profits shrinking? Answer: 2006 Question: What operating system was slated to be the next system upgrade for corporate clients? Answer: Microsoft's Windows Vista Question: What country's PC market was Dell unreliant on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year were Dell's PC profits growing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Dell's profits were laptop PCs being sold to commercial and corporate buyers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Dell's profits were desktop PCs being sold to commercial and home buyers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What operating system was slated to be the next system upgrade for home clients? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Daylighting is the oldest method of interior lighting. Daylighting is simply designing a space to use as much natural light as possible. This decreases energy consumption and costs, and requires less heating and cooling from the building. Daylighting has also been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals as well as work and school performance. Due to a lack of information that indicate the likely energy savings, daylighting schemes are not yet popular among most buildings. Question: What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Answer: Daylighting Question: Daylighting has been proven to have negative effects on people? Answer: not
Context: The 2016 regular season consists of an 18-week schedule during which each team plays 16 games and two bye weeks. Each team plays two or three games against the teams within its own conference, and two games (home/road) against each team interconference-wise. The 2015 season started during the last week of March and ran weekly into late August. At the end of the regular season, all teams from each conference (the conference winner and three wild card teams) play in the AFL playoffs, an eight-team single-elimination tournament that culminates with the championship game, known as the ArenaBowl. From 1987 to 2004, 2010 and 2011 and again starting in 2014, the game was played at the site of the higher seeded team. From 2005 to 2008, the games were at neutral sites, Las Vegas and New Orleans. In 2012, the league championship returned to a neutral site and ArenaBowl XXV was held at the New Orleans Arena; ArenaBowl XXVI was held in Orlando. The 2016 season will begin April 1, 2016. Question: As of 2016, how many regular season games does an AFL team play? Answer: 16 Question: How long is the AFL regular season? Answer: 18-week Question: In what month did the 2015 AFL season begin? Answer: March Question: What month did the 2015 AFL season end? Answer: August Question: What is the name of the AFL championship game? Answer: ArenaBowl
Context: In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her. Question: Who is the North Carolina state capital named for? Answer: Sir Walter Raleigh Question: Who granted the charter for Sir Walter Raleigh to travel to present day North Carolina? Answer: Elizabeth I Question: What year did Elizabeth I grant the charter to Raleigh to travel to North Carolina? Answer: 1584 Question: What was the second american territory the English attempted to colonize? Answer: North Carolina Question: How many colonies did Raleigh establish on the coast of carolina in 1580? Answer: two
Context: In 2008, Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City the most "recession proof city in America". The magazine reported that the city had falling unemployment, one of the strongest housing markets in the country and solid growth in energy, agriculture and manufacturing. However, during the early 1980s, Oklahoma City had one of the worst job and housing markets due to the bankruptcy of Penn Square Bank in 1982 and then the post-1985 crash in oil prices.[citation needed] Question: What year did forbes list Oklahoma city as "recession proof". Answer: 2008 Question: When did Penn Square Bank go bankrupt? Answer: 1982 Question: What year did the oil crash? Answer: 1985
Context: 18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South. Question: What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue? Answer: subway station Question: Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve? Answer: IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line Question: Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South? Answer: IRT Lexington Avenue Line
Context: Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. The navy, most army, and some other units have, for very specific occasions, a ceremonial/regimental full dress, such as the naval "high-collar" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges. Question: What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion? Answer: service dress Question: What other parts are there to a uniform? Answer: gloves, swords, and medals Question: What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF? Answer: operational dress is now the daily uniform Question: What can be worn in cold winter weather? Answer: Approved parkas Question: What is only worn for very specific occasions? Answer: a ceremonial/regimental full dress Question: What is suitable for CAD members to wear on any occasion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other parts aren't there to a uniform? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be worn in warm winter weather? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is only worn for very non-specific occasions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe. Question: What features describe Estonia as a developed nation? Answer: high-income economy and high living standards Question: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in? Answer: the Human Development Index Question: What country performs well in evaluation of economic freedom, civil liberties, and education? Answer: Estonia Question: What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom? Answer: 2012 Question: What financial institution is associated with Estonia? Answer: the Nordic Investment Bank
Context: In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated glass has been widely applied to vehicles for windscreens. While glass containers have always been used for storage and are valued for their hygienic properties, glass has been utilized increasingly in industry. Optical glass for spectacles has been used since the late Middle Ages. The production of lenses has become increasingly proficient, aiding astronomers as well as having other application in medicine and science. Glass is also employed as the aperture cover in many solar energy systems. Question: What type of glass is used in cars? Answer: laminated Question: When did eyeglasses originate? Answer: late Middle Ages Question: The walls of skyscrapers are often made of what material? Answer: glass Question: What type of power systems use glass? Answer: solar Question: What type of scientists rely on glass for distant observations? Answer: astronomers Question: What type of glass is used in aperture covers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did multi-storey buildings originate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Walls used for storage are often made of what material? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of power systems use curtains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of scientists rely on windscreens for distant observations? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Burrel's innovative design, which combined the low production cost of an Apple II with the computing power of Lisa's CPU, the Motorola 68K, received the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin left the team in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs. Team member Andy Hertzfeld said that the final Macintosh design is closer to Jobs' ideas than Raskin's. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and its Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group's own ideas. Jobs also commissioned industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger to work on the Macintosh line, resulting in the "Snow White" design language; although it came too late for the earliest Macs, it was implemented in most other mid- to late-1980s Apple computers. However, Jobs' leadership at the Macintosh project did not last; after an internal power struggle with new CEO John Sculley, Jobs resigned from Apple in 1985. He went on to found NeXT, another computer company targeting the education market, and did not return until 1997, when Apple acquired NeXT. Question: Why did Raskin leave the Apple team in 1981? Answer: over a personality conflict with Jobs Question: According to Andy Hertzfeld, whose idea is the final Mac design closer to? Answer: Jobs Question: What did Steve Jobs offer Xerox to visit and see their latest technology? Answer: Apple stock options Question: Whose technology influenced the user interfaces of the Lisa and Macintosh? Answer: Xerox PARC Question: What caused Steve Jobs to resign from Apple in 1985? Answer: an internal power struggle Question: Why did Raskin leave the Apple team in 1918? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to Andy Hertzfeld, whose idea is the first Mac design closer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't Steve Jobs offer Xerox to visit and see their latest technology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose technology influenced the user interfaces of the Lisa and Microsoft? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused Steve Jobs to resign from Apple in 1958? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year. Question: Who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands? Answer: Mu'awiyah Question: Along what highway did Umar bin Abdul-Aziz build caravanserais? Answer: Khurasan Question: Along with horses and camels, what animals were used by the postal service? Answer: donkeys Question: In dirhams, what was the yearly cost of the Iraqi postal service when Yusuf bin Umar was governor? Answer: 4,000,000 Question: In kilometers, how far apart was each stage of the Umayyad highways? Answer: 19 Question: Who ended the postal service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who shrunk the reach of the postal service throughout his empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who stopped the use of horses in the postal service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What service primarily met the needs of private citizens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the postal department of Iraq cost per year under Abd al-Malik? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In recent years, Apple has seen a significant boost in sales of Macs. This has been attributed, in part, to the success of the iPod and the iPhone, a halo effect whereby satisfied iPod or iPhone owners purchase more Apple products, and Apple has since capitalized on that with the iCloud cloud service that allows users to seamlessly sync data between these devices and Macs. Nonetheless, like other personal computer manufacturers, the Macintosh lines have been hurt by consumer trend towards smartphones and tablet computers (particularly Apple's own iPhone and iPad, respectively) as the computing devices of choice among consumers. Question: What is partially credited for the significant boost in sales of Macs in recent years? Answer: the success of the iPod and the iPhone Question: What allows users to easily sync data between an iPhone and a Mac? Answer: iCloud cloud service Question: What consumer trend has hurt many personal computer manufacturers? Answer: smartphones and tablet computers Question: Which smartphone has hurt personal computer manufacterers the most? Answer: Apple's own iPhone Question: What are the top two computing devices consumers are choosing? Answer: iPhone and iPad Question: What is partially credited for the insignificant boost in sales of Macs in recent years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What allows users to easily sync data between an iPhone and a PC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What consumer trend has hurt many business computer manufacturers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which smartphone has hurt personal computer manufacterers the least? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the top three computing devices consumers are choosing? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism and [Western] imperialism". Nasser felt that if he was to maintain Egypt's regional leadership position he needed to acquire modern weaponry to arm his military. When it became apparent to him that Western countries would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the Eastern Bloc and concluded a US$320,000,000 armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia on 27 September. Through the Czechoslovakian arms deal, the balance of power between Egypt and Israel was more or less equalized and Nasser's role as the Arab leader defying the West was enhanced. Question: What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts? Answer: Baghdad Pact Question: What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West? Answer: modern weaponry Question: From what country did Nasser buy arms? Answer: Czechoslovakia Question: How much money did Nasser spend on weapons? Answer: US$320,000,000 Question: How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change? Answer: equalized
Context: In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. The 390-kilogram (860 lb) Luna 2 successfully impacted the Moon on September 14, 1959. The 278.5-kilogram (614 lb) Luna 3 successfully flew by the Moon and sent back pictures of its far side on October 6, 1959. Question: How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching? Answer: 4 Question: The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year? Answer: 1959 Question: Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon? Answer: Luna 3
Context: Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule. Question: What kind of words does Catalan have few of? Answer: suppletive couplets Question: What languages have more couplets than Catalan? Answer: French Question: What languages are similar to Catalan in numbers of couplets? Answer: Italian and Spanish Question: What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets? Answer: French
Context: On 13 February 2008, fire destroyed the fishing factory and the four generators that supplied power to the island. On 14 March 2008, new generators were installed and uninterrupted power was restored. This fire was devastating to the island because fishing is a mainstay of the economy. While a new factory was being planned and built, M/V Kelso came to the island and acted as a factory ship, with island fishermen based on board for stints normally of one week. The new facility was ready in July 2009, for the start of the 2009–10 fishing season. Question: What year did a large fire destroy the fishing factory? Answer: 2008 Question: When were the new generators installed to correct the power problems? Answer: March 2008 Question: what was the name of the ship that was a temporary fishing facility? Answer: M/V Kelso Question: when was the new fishing factory ready for use? Answer: July 2009 Question: What destroyed the economy on February 13, 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was there a fire that destroyed the new facility? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the fire come to the island to act as a new factory ship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What came to the island during the fire to act as a factory ship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By when was the old facility ready? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: General Aguirre moved to the deserts of the southeastern portion of the state and defeated the French forces in Parral, led by Colonel Cottret. By the middle of 1866, the state of Chihuahua was declared free of enemy control; Parral was the last French stronghold within the state. On June 17, 1866, President Juárez arrived in Chihuahua City and remained in the capital until December 10, 1866. During his two years in the state of Chihuahua, President Juárez passed ordinances regarding the rights of adjudication of property and nationalized the property of the clergy. The distance of the French forces and their allies allowed the Ministry of War, led by General Negrete, to reorganize the state's national guard into the Patriotic Battalion of Chihuahua, which was deployed to fight in the battle of Matamoros, Tamaulipas against the French. After a series of major defeats and an escalating threat from Prussia, France began pulling troops out of Mexico in late 1866. Disillusioned with the liberal political views of Maximilian, the Mexican conservatives abandoned him, and in 1867 the last of the Emperor's forces were defeated. Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court; despite national and international pleas for amnesty, Juárez refused to commute the sentence. Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867. Question: Where did Aguirre defeat the French forces? Answer: Parral Question: Who had been leading the French forces? Answer: Colonel Cottret Question: During which year was Chihuahua declared free of enemy control? Answer: 1866 Question: Who passed laws regarding rights of adjudication of property? Answer: President Juárez Question: Who was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867? Answer: Maximilian
Context: Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the transition into adulthood or the entrance into adolescence. This transition may be accompanied by obvious physical changes, which can vary from a change in clothing to tattoos and scarification. Furthermore, transitions into adulthood may also vary by gender, and specific rituals may be more common for males or for females. This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes. Question: What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies? Answer: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls Question: What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood? Answer: tattoos and scarification Question: Do cultural transitions into adulthood vary, or are they the same? Answer: vary
Context: The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", translated as "The Queen thanks her good subjects, accepts their bounty, and wills it so." For other public or private bills, the formula is simply "La Reyne le veult" ("the Queen wills it"). For personal bills, the phrase is "Soit fait comme il est désiré" ("let it be as it is desired"). The appropriate formula for withholding assent is the euphemistic "La Reyne s'avisera" ("the Queen will consider it"). When the sovereign is male, Le Roy is substituted for La Reyne. Question: In what language does the Clerk of the Parliaments announce Parliament's decision? Answer: Anglo-Norman Law French Question: What words in Anglo-Norman Law French announce a granted assent? Answer: "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult" Question: What is the shortened version of the notification of assent? Answer: "La Reyne le veult" Question: What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent? Answer: "La Reyne s'avisera" Question: Who is an official of the House of Commons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A formula in Anglo-Norman Law Greek indicates what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The inappropriate formula for withholding assent is what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The translation for "the Queen will not consider it" is what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and culture of the Tamil people of this period. The scholars of the Sangam period rose from among the common people who sought the patronage of the Tamil Kings but who mainly wrote about the common people and their concerns. Unlike Sanskrit writers who were mostly Brahmins, Sangam writers came from diverse classes and social backgrounds and were mostly non-Brahmins. They belonged to different faiths and professions like farmers, artisans, merchants, monks, priests and even princes and quite few of them were even women. Question: During what period did Tamil literature thrive? Answer: Sangam period Question: How many Tamil dynasties ruled during the Sangam period? Answer: 3 Question: What was the extent of the Sangam period? Answer: 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE Question: In what part of India did the Tamil dynasties rule? Answer: southern India Question: How were Tamil writers different from earlier Sanskrit writers? Answer: non-Brahmins
Context: Nearly all the gasoline sold in the United States today is mixed with 10 percent ethanol, a mix known as E10, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and GM are among the automobile companies that sell flexible-fuel cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). The challenge is to expand the market for biofuels beyond the farm states where they have been most popular to date. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which calls for 7.5 billion US gallons (28,000,000 m3) of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, will also help to expand the market. Question: Nearly all gasoline sold in the U.S. is mixed with what percentage of ethanol? Answer: 10 percent Question: What act calls for 7.5 billion US gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012? Answer: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 Question: Name one company that sells flexible-fuel cars? Answer: GM Question: Nearly all gasoline sold in the UK is mixed with what percentage of ethanol? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act calls for 7.5 billion UK gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Energy Policy Act of 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Name one company that sells nonflexible-fuel cars? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three. Question: Where studio hosts the live final rounds on American Idol? Answer: CBS Television City Question: Who was the mentor on season ten of American Idol? Answer: Jimmy Iovine Question: How many weeks did the finals of season thirteen last? Answer: thirteen Question: How many weeks did the finals last in the first season? Answer: eight Question: Where are the finals broadcast from? Answer: CBS Television City Question: Who was a mentor for the contestants in Season 10? Answer: Jimmy Iovine Question: How many songs do contestants sing initially in the finals? Answer: one Question: When do contestants start singing two songs? Answer: top four or five
Context: In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act. Question: What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to? Answer: organized crime Question: What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on? Answer: mobsters Question: After the RICO Act took effect what did the FBI start investigating? Answer: former Prohibition-organized groups Question: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of? Answer: National Crime Syndicate Question: Is the RICO Act still used today? Answer: The RICO Act is still used Question: How did the FBI respond to organized crime before 1953? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the FBI do before the RICO Act took effect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Hoover confirm the existence of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the head of a crime family the CIA targeted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act is not longer in use? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944–63), President (later President for Life) (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath. Question: What position in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was Tito? Answer: General Secretary Question: What position in Yugoslavia's government did Tito hold from 1944-63? Answer: Prime Minister Question: How many foreign decorations did he receive? Answer: 98 Question: What foreign decorations did Tito recieve? Answer: Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath Question: During what years did Tito lead the Partisans? Answer: 1941–45
Context: Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the key is adjustable. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral. Question: What governs the ECB? Answer: European law Question: How does the ECB mimic a corporation? Answer: shareholders and stock capital Question: How much does the ECB have as capital? Answer: five billion euros Question: Who holds the ECB's capital? Answer: the national central banks of the member states as shareholders Question: What determined the ECB's initial capital? Answer: the basis of the states' population and GDP Question: What undermines the ECB? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the ECB show differences from a corporation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much does the ECB lose as capital? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who steals the ECB's capital? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decreased the ECB's initial capital? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education. Question: What age attends pre-school in Swaziland? Answer: 5-year or younger Question: What percentage of children of age for preschool have access to education in Swaziland? Answer: 21.6% Question: In reference to education in Swaziland, hat is an NCP otherwise known as? Answer: neighbourhood care points Question: What is does ECCE refer to in the Swazi educational system? Answer: early childhood care and education Question: Where do 5 year-olds attend primary school at? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of preschool children do not have acess to early education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of children have acess to primary school at NCPs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires. Question: The ALU of a computer stands for what? Answer: arithmetic logic Question: Input and output devices are known as what term? Answer: I/O Question: Besides the ALU, input and output devices, what are the other two main components of a computer? Answer: the control unit, the memory
Context: Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. Today it remains home to luxury cruise ships, as well as being the largest freight port on the Channel coast and fourth largest UK port by tonnage, with several container terminals. Unlike some other ports, such as Liverpool, London, and Bristol, where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for redevelopment, Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry. Despite the still active and expanding docklands to the west of the city centre, further enhanced with the opening of a fourth cruise terminal in 2009, parts of the eastern docks have been redeveloped; the Ocean Village development, which included a local marina and small entertainment complex, is a good example. Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport in addition to cruise operator Carnival UK. Question: About how much of UK's passenger traffic did Southampton handle during the inter-war period? Answer: half Question: What kind of passenger ships make up a lot of the traffic in the port of Southampton? Answer: cruise ships Question: Going by what unit of measurement makes Southampton the fourth largest port in the UK? Answer: tonnage Question: In what year did Southampton's fourth cruise terminal open in the western docklands? Answer: 2009 Question: What branch of the Department for Transport has its headquarters in Southampton? Answer: Marine Accident Investigation Branch
Context: Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012. Question: In what competition did the Samoan rugby team reach the quarter finals in 2013? Answer: Rugby League World Cup Question: Apart from Australia, in what country other than Samoa might Samoan rugby players live? Answer: New Zealand Question: What Samoan rugby player signed to London Irish rugby club? Answer: Setima Sa Question: How many teams played in the 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition? Answer: 10 Question: What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? Answer: St Helens Question: What is mostly played by Australians living in New Zealand? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What players made up the British rugby team in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many teams played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rugby club did Francis Meli sign with in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many teams will the NRL expand to have in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or "stereo" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would hold several records and automatically drop a new record on top of the previous one when it had finished playing, a combination cartridge with both 78 and microgroove styli and a way to flip between the two; and some kind of adapter for playing the 45s with their larger center hole. The adapter could be a small solid circle that fit onto the bottom of the spindle (meaning only one 45 could be played at a time) or a larger adaptor that fit over the entire spindle, permitting a stack of 45s to be played. Question: What three speeds were sound on most home stereos in the mid 1950's? Answer: 78, 45, 33 1⁄3 Question: What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos? Answer: larger center hole. Question: What feature was found on more home stereos that allowed continuous play between records? Answer: changer Question: What format was less common but could sometimes be found on home stereos? Answer: 16 2⁄3 rpm
Context: The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools. There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city. Question: What institution aids in the creation of charter schools in New York? Answer: New York City Charter School Center Question: About how many private schools does New York have? Answer: 900
Context: The use of such contractions is as old as Chinese characters themselves, and they have frequently been found in religious or ritual use. In the Oracle Bone script, personal names, ritual items, and even phrases such as 受又(祐) shòu yòu "receive blessings" are commonly contracted into single characters. A dramatic example is that in medieval manuscripts 菩薩 púsà "bodhisattva" (simplified: 菩萨) is sometimes written with a single character formed of a 2×2 grid of four 十 (derived from the grass radical over two 十). However, for the sake of consistency and standardization, the CPC seeks to limit the use of such polysyllabic characters in public writing to ensure that every character only has one syllable. Question: What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use? Answer: Chinese characters Question: What seeks to limit the use of polysyllabic characters? Answer: CPC Question: What is sometimes written as a single character? Answer: bodhisattva
Context: As prosperity began to return in the 1980s, the city was stunned by the Wah Mee massacre in 1983, when 13 people were killed in an illegal gambling club in the International District, Seattle's Chinatown. Beginning with Microsoft's 1979 move from Albuquerque, New Mexico to nearby Bellevue, Washington, Seattle and its suburbs became home to a number of technology companies including Amazon.com, RealNetworks, Nintendo of America, McCaw Cellular (now part of AT&T Mobility), VoiceStream (now T-Mobile), and biomedical corporations such as HeartStream (later purchased by Philips), Heart Technologies (later purchased by Boston Scientific), Physio-Control (later purchased by Medtronic), ZymoGenetics, ICOS (later purchased by Eli Lilly and Company) and Immunex (later purchased by Amgen). This success brought an influx of new residents with a population increase within city limits of almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000, and saw Seattle's real estate become some of the most expensive in the country. In 1993, the movie Sleepless in Seattle brought the city further national attention. Many of the Seattle area's tech companies remained relatively strong, but the frenzied dot-com boom years ended in early 2001. Question: What violent act happened in Seattle's Chinatown in 1983? Answer: Wah Mee massacre Question: What type of establishment was Wan Mee? Answer: gambling club Question: Which huge tech corporation moved its headquarters the Seattle area? Answer: Microsoft Question: What item for sale in 2000 Seattle was some of the most costly in the US? Answer: real estate Question: About what time did the big tech boom in Seattle fizzle? Answer: early 2001
Context: Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the Royal Navy. Captain James Cook's vessel HMS Endeavour anchored and resupplied off the coast of St Helena in May 1771, on her return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and rediscovery of New Zealand. Question: Saint Helena was an important port of which company? Answer: East India Company Question: What did ships replenish at Saint Helena? Answer: water and provisions Question: What vessel was owned by Captain James? Answer: HMS Endeavour Question: What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771? Answer: HMS Endeavour Question: Vessels of what navy protected convoys? Answer: Royal
Context: Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. Question: Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning? Answer: Bodhi Question: What is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed, with residue of delusion? Answer: anagami
Context: Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1,704,000. Question: What is the official name for Guinea-Bissau? Answer: the Republic of Guinea-Bissau Question: Where is Guinea-Bissau located? Answer: West Africa Question: How many square miles is Guinea-Bissau? Answer: 13,948 sq mi Question: What is the estimated population of Guinea-Bissau? Answer: 1,704,000 Question: How many kilometers does Guinea-Bissau cover? Answer: 36,125
Context: The National Conference of State Legislatures held in Washington D.C. stated in a 2014 overview that many supporters for affirmative action argue that policies stemming from affirmative action help to open doors for historically excluded groups in workplace settings and higher education. Workplace diversity has become a business management concept in which employers actively seek to promote an inclusive workplace. By valuing diversity, employers have the capacity to create an environment in which there is a culture of respect for individual differences as well as the ability to draw in talent and ideas from all segments of the population. By creating this diverse workforce, these employers and companies gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly global economy. According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, many private sector employers have concluded that a diverse workforce makes a "company stronger, more profitable, and a better place to work." Therefore, these diversity promoting policies are implemented for competitive reasons rather than as a response to discrimination, but have shown the value in having diversity. Question: Where was the National Conference of State Legislatures held in 2014? Answer: Washington D.C. Question: What did proponents of affirmative action claim some of the effects of policies that support affirmative action had done? Answer: help to open doors for historically excluded groups in workplace settings and higher education Question: What has the concept of workplace diversity caused employers to do? Answer: actively seek to promote an inclusive workplace Question: Having a diverse workplace allows for employers to do what? Answer: draw in talent and ideas from all segments of the population Question: Which organization claims that private sector employers believe having a diverse workplace is beneficial? Answer: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Question: Where was the National Conference of State Legislatures held in 2024? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did proponents of affirmative action claim some of the effects of policies that reject affirmative action had done? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the concept of workplace diversity caused employers not to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Having a diverse workplace allows for employers to not do what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the time, the Umayyad taxation and administrative practice were perceived as unjust by some Muslims. The Christian and Jewish population had still autonomy; their judicial matters were dealt with in accordance with their own laws and by their own religious heads or their appointees, although they did pay a poll tax for policing to the central state. Muhammad had stated explicitly during his lifetime that abrahamic religious groups (still a majority in times of the Umayyad Caliphate), should be allowed to practice their own religion, provided that they paid the jizya taxation. The welfare state of both the Muslim and the non-Muslim poor started by Umar ibn al Khattab had also continued. Muawiya's wife Maysum (Yazid's mother) was also a Christian. The relations between the Muslims and the Christians in the state were stable in this time. The Umayyads were involved in frequent battles with the Christian Byzantines without being concerned with protecting themselves in Syria, which had remained largely Christian like many other parts of the empire. Prominent positions were held by Christians, some of whom belonged to families that had served in Byzantine governments. The employment of Christians was part of a broader policy of religious assimilation that was necessitated by the presence of large Christian populations in the conquered provinces, as in Syria. This policy also boosted Muawiya's popularity and solidified Syria as his power base. Question: What form of tax were Christians required to pay? Answer: jizya Question: Who was the mother of Yazid? Answer: Maysum Question: What was Maysum's religion? Answer: Christian Question: What populations did not have autonomy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ended the Muslim welfare state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What religion never held prominent positions in the Caliphate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused Muawiya to become less popular? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of the empire remained largely Jewish? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Lebanon, clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent, then-President Camille Chamoun, culminated in civil strife by May. The former sought to unite with the UAR, while the latter sought Lebanon's continued independence. Nasser delegated oversight of the issue to Sarraj, who provided limited aid to Nasser's Lebanese supporters through money, light arms, and officer training—short of the large-scale support that Chamoun alleged. Nasser did not covet Lebanon, seeing it as a "special case", but sought to prevent Chamoun from a second presidential term. Question: Who was Nasser's opponent in Lebanon? Answer: Camille Chamoun Question: What did Lebanese pro-Nasser groups want? Answer: to unite with the UAR Question: What did Nasser want to deny Chamoun? Answer: a second presidential term Question: Who was in charge of dealing with the Lebanon situation? Answer: Sarraj Question: What degree of support did pro-Nasser factions in Lebanon receive? Answer: limited

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