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Context: Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and Catalan varieties. Question: How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian? Answer: as the same language Question: How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian? Answer: as the same language Question: What is the official regulating body of Valencian? Answer: the Valencian Academy of Language Question: Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian? Answer: Valencian Academy of Language
Context: Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process. Question: Who put out a report in 2012? Answer: President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology Question: What has been argued restricted innovation? Answer: excessive regulation Question: What was a recommendations brought about from the report? Answer: expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes Question: What is one thing excessive regulations causes? Answer: therapeutic innovation Question: What can be used to evaluate new approval processes? Answer: pilot projects Question: What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress? Answer: therapeutic innovation Question: In what year was a report made to reduce the burdens of drug development? Answer: 2012 Question: What was argued to be holding back new knowledge for treating diseases? Answer: current cost of regulator-required clinical trials Question: Who put out a report in 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been argued restricted population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a recommendation brought about from human disease? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing excessive development causes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be used to evaluate new human diseases? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Harper University Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Kresge Eye Institute, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute. The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit. The center is staffed by physicians from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the United States' fourth largest medical school overall. Question: How many major hospitals are in Detroit? Answer: over a dozen Question: What is the Detroit VA hospital called? Answer: John D. Dingell Question: How many affiliated physicians does the DMC have? Answer: 3,000 Question: How many beds does the DMC have? Answer: 2,000 Question: Who is the largest private employer in Detroit? Answer: DMC
Context: After the Fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the sole preserver of literate scholarship in Western Europe. The church established cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education. Some of these establishments ultimately evolved into medieval universities and forebears of many of Europe's modern universities. During the High Middle Ages, Chartres Cathedral operated the famous and influential Chartres Cathedral School. The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of inquiry, and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation, and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research. Founded in 1088, the University of Bologne is considered the first, and the oldest continually operating university. Question: What occurred after the Fall of Rome with literature? Answer: Catholic Church became the sole preserver Question: What happened with education during the Early Middle Ages? Answer: church established cathedral schools Question: What did these early schools during the Middle Ages evolve into? Answer: medieval universities Question: What was the name of the famous school during the high middle ages? Answer: Chartres Cathedral School Question: What occurred before the Fall of Rome with literature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened with education during the Late Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did these early schools during the Middle Ages evolve from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the famous school during the low middle ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was founded in 1089? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter (82 ft) tall Terminator statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the Special Olympics. Question: How many feet tall was the proposed statue of Schwarzenegger? Answer: 82 Question: What was the name of the cultural association that wanted to build a Terminator statue? Answer: Forum Stadtpark
Context: As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked), and the United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy prior to the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law, by which law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said. Judges saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law. Therefore, a judge could reject another judge's opinion as simply an incorrect statement of the law, in the way that scientists regularly reject each other's conclusions as incorrect statements of the laws of science. Question: Who has noted that binding precedent did not exist when the Constitution was written? Answer: federal judge Alex Kozinski Question: Why were decisions not reported or recoded correctly? Answer: reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked Question: What are the natural theories of law that that the English judges in the eighteenth century used? Answer: law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said Question: Why could one judge reject another judges opinion? Answer: saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law Question: Why would one judge reject another's opinion? Answer: incorrect statement of the law Question: What began at the time the Constitution was framed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the judge who believed he was declaring a pre-existing law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the natural law theory fall out of fashion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Reporters were not allowed to prevent publication based on what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the the UK courts in the end of the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Plymouth railway station, which opened in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network. Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line. First Great Western have come under fire recently, due to widespread rail service cuts across the south-west, which affect Plymouth greatly. Three MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to its economy. Question: When did Plymouth's railroad station open for service? Answer: 1877 Question: Who runs Plymouth's railroad station? Answer: Great Western Railway Question: Along with the Tamar Valley Line, what local train service operates in Plymouth? Answer: Cornish Main Line Question: How many regional MPs have argued for the importance of Plymouth's train service? Answer: three Question: Trains from what network sometimes operate out of Plymouth's railroad station? Answer: CrossCountry
Context: CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. Question: Where can one expect to find damage on a disc? Answer: label side of the disc Question: How are scratches on a CD fixed? Answer: refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing Question: What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs? Answer: fungus Geotrichum candidum Question: Where does the fungus Geotrichum candidum originate from? Answer: Belize Question: Where is polycarbonate plastic created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are lands closer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are scratches on the labeled side of a disc fixed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes edges of CDs to be incorrectly sealed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the metal reflective layer located? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although professional wrestling started out as petty acts in sideshows, traveling circuses and carnivals, today it is a billion-dollar industry. Revenue is drawn from live event ticket sales, network television broadcasts, pay-per-view broadcasts, personal appearances by performers, branded merchandise and home video. Particularly since the 1950s, pro wrestling events have frequently been responsible for sellout crowds at large arenas, including Madison Square Garden, as well as football stadiums, by promotions including the WWE, the NWA territory system, WCW, and AWA. Pro wrestling was also instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery. Annual shows such as WrestleMania, SummerSlam, Royal Rumble, and formerly Bash at the Beach, Halloween Havoc and Starrcade are among the highest-selling pay-per-view programming each year. In modern day, internet programming has been utilized by a number of companies to air web shows, internet pay-per-views (iPPVs) or on-demand content, helping to generate internet-related revenue earnings from the evolving World Wide Web. Question: Where does the money made from wrestling come from? Answer: live event ticket sales, network television broadcasts, pay-per-view broadcasts, personal appearances by performers, branded merchandise and home video Question: Where large places are some of the major wrestling shows held at? Answer: Madison Square Garden, as well as football stadiums Question: What has the internet been utilized for in wrestling? Answer: to air web shows, internet pay-per-views (iPPVs) or on-demand content Question: what wrestling shows occur yearly? Answer: WrestleMania, SummerSlam, Royal Rumble, and formerly Bash at the Beach, Halloween Havoc and Starrcade Question: In which decade did wrestling start becoming very popular? Answer: Particularly since the 1950s, pro wrestling events have frequently been responsible for sellout crowds at large arenas
Context: The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel. The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, unmanned space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future". The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957 orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The Space Race peaked with the July 20, 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions, and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations. A period of détente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew. Question: On what date did the Space Race begin? Answer: August 2, 1955 Question: Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date? Answer: October 4, 1957 Question: Who was the first person in space? Answer: Yuri Gagarin Question: What was the date that the first human reached space? Answer: April 12, 1961
Context: Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. There, Eusebius of Nicomedia and other supporters of Arius deposed Athanasius. On 6 November, both sides of the dispute met with Emperor Constantine I in Constantinople. At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople. He was found guilty, and sent into exile to Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Trier in Germany). Question: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea? Answer: failed to abide Question: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians? Answer: cut off essential Egyptian grain Question: What was the verdict of the accusation? Answer: was found guilty Question: What was his punishment? Answer: anathematized Question: Who was he accused of harming? Answer: Arians and Meletians Question: Who did obey the guidelines of Nicaea? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who claimed Constantinople would cut off grain supplies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Constantinople was afraid they wouldn't receive grains from whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What exile is in modern day France? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. In May 1996 the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by bin Laden (and later re-formed as al-Qaeda), started forming a large base of operations in Afghanistan, where the Islamist extremist regime of the Taliban had seized power earlier in the year. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a fatwā, as head of al-Qaeda, declaring war on the West and Israel, later in May of that same year al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West. Question: Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda? Answer: the Soviet war in Afghanistan Question: When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan? Answer: February 1989 Question: Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets? Answer: United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China Question: Who did Osama bin Laden volunteer to help fight in the 80s? Answer: Soviets Question: Which group later became al-Qaeda? Answer: World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders Question: What took place from February 1979 to December 1989? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group started forming in February 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Osama bin Laden sign in May 1998? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Osama bin Laden declare war against in a February 1998 video? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the WIJFAJC also known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war did al-Qaeda start in 1979? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who sponsored bin Laden in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was WIFJAJC originally called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What document declared war on the Soviet Union? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Uranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such as lignite, and monazite sands in uranium-rich ores (it is recovered commercially from sources with as little as 0.1% uranium). Question: Along with arsenic, what metal is roughly as abundant as uranium? Answer: molybdenum Question: Along with silver, mercury, tin and cadmium, what metal is uranium more plentiful than? Answer: antimony Question: What is the most prevalent uranium ore? Answer: uraninite Question: What mineral sometimes contains uranium? Answer: lignite Question: What types of rocks sometimes contain uranium? Answer: phosphate Question: Along with arsenic, what metal is less abundant as uranium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with silver, mercury, tin and cadmium, what metal is uranium less plentiful than? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the least prevalent uranium ore? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mineral always contains uranium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of rocks never contain uranium? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838–39 was one of his most productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis. Question: At what age did Frédéric move to Paris? Answer: 21 Question: How many public performances was Frédéric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life? Answer: 30 Question: In what year did Frédéric obtain citizenship in France? Answer: 1835 Question: In what area had Frédéric's most productive period of composition taken place? Answer: Majorca Question: What was Frédéric's most likely cause of death? Answer: tuberculosis Question: Where did he end up living when he was 21? Answer: Paris Question: How many public shows did he perform during the last years of his life? Answer: 30 Question: What other composer did Chopin develop a friendship with? Answer: Franz Liszt Question: What year did he gain citizenship in France? Answer: 1835 Question: What is the name of the woman he had a relationship with from 1837-847? Answer: Maria Wodzińska Question: At what age did Chopin move to Paris? Answer: 21 Question: During the last 18 years he lived about how many times did Chopin perform in public? Answer: 30 Question: What year did Chopin become a citizen of France? Answer: 1835 Question: In the last years of his life who was the person that supported him financially? Answer: Jane Stirling Question: In what year did Chopin become a French citizen? Answer: 1835 Question: Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life? Answer: Jane Stirling Question: What was the likely cause of death for Chopin? Answer: tuberculosis
Context: The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way. It serves primarily as a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine. Question: What is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants? Answer: The abomasum Question: What is the abomasums close equivalent? Answer: a monogastric stomach Question: What does this site serve primarily as? Answer: a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Question: What happens to digesta when it moves to the small intestine? Answer: the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs Question: What is also digested in the small intestine? Answer: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine
Context: Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categorizing child labour data as “highly secret”. China has enacted regulations to prevent child labour; still, the practice of child labour is reported to be a persistent problem within China, generally in agriculture and low-skill service sectors as well as small workshops and manufacturing enterprises. In 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor issued a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor where China was attributed 12 goods the majority of which were produced by both underage children and indentured labourers. The report listed electronics, garments, toys and coal among other goods. Question: Where is present day child labour stats unclear? Answer: China Question: When did the U.S. produce a list of goods primarily made by child labour in China? Answer: 2014 Question: What is the cause of diagreements in child labour numbers for present day? Answer: data sources Question: Chinese children have been known to make electronics, toys and what else? Answer: garments
Context: Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane. Question: What are some examples of Armenian folk music instruments? Answer: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun Question: Who created the Armenian alphabet? Answer: Saint Mesrop Mashtots Question: Who composed the Sabre Dance? Answer: Aram Khatchaturian Question: What is known as one of the most prolific type of religious music in Armenia? Answer: the Armenian chant
Context: Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley.[a] Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States' independence pushed them further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma and surrounding territory) under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with some communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario (Canada) and in their traditional homelands. Question: What native American tribe lived in the area before settlement? Answer: Lenape Question: What other tribe occasionally fought against the Lenape? Answer: Iroquois Question: What disease killed the most Lenape? Answer: smallpox Question: Where did the Lenape go after being pushed out of the Philidelphia area? Answer: upper Ohio River basin Question: Where do the Lenape reside today? Answer: Oklahoma
Context: Retail versions of Windows 8 are only able to install these apps through Windows Store—a namesake distribution platform which offers both apps, and listings for desktop programs certified for comparability with Windows 8. A method to sideload apps from outside Windows Store is available to devices running Windows 8 Enterprise and joined to a domain; Windows 8 Pro and Windows RT devices that are not part of a domain can also sideload apps, but only after special product keys are obtained through volume licensing. Question: Where can Windows 8 install apps from? Answer: Windows Store Question: How do devices with Windows 8 Enterprise attain apps outside of the Windows Store? Answer: sideload apps Question: What other devices can sideload apps? Answer: Windows 8 Pro and Windows RT devices Question: Where can't Windows 8 install apps from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can Windows 9 install apps from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do devices with Windows 9 Enterprise attain apps outside of the Windows Store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do devices with Windows 8 Enterprise attain apps inside of the Windows Store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other devices can't sideload apps? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann. Question: What is the largest private foundation in the world? Answer: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world Question: Where is the Bill and Melinda gates foundation based? Answer: The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington Question: What is the largest private foundation in America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Susan-Desmond Hellmann foundation based? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the names of the trustees for the foundation based in America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the primary goals of the foundation in Seattle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the principal officer Melinda Gates control? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand the machine language of an Intel Pentium or the AMD Athlon 64 computer that might be in a PC. Question: An ARM architecture computer can be found in what? Answer: a PDA or a hand-held videogame
Context: In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. Question: What was the median age of Atlantic City? Answer: 35 years Question: For every 100 females, how many males were there? Answer: 96.1 Question: For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there? Answer: 93.2 Question: What percentage of the population of Atlantic City was under the age of 18? Answer: 25.7% Question: What percentage of the population of Atlantic City was 65 years of age or older? Answer: 14.2%
Context: BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City, while its parent organization, the Church Educational System (CES), sponsors sister schools in Hawaii and Idaho. The university's primary focus is on undergraduate education, but it also has 68 master's and 25 doctoral degree programs. Question: What is BYU's main focal point? Answer: undergraduate education Question: What foreign city holds a branch campus of BYU? Answer: Jerusalem Question: What institution controls BYU? Answer: Church Educational System Question: Where are BYU's sibling schools located? Answer: Hawaii and Idaho Question: How many master's programs does BYU have? Answer: 68 Question: How many colleges make up BYU at its main campus? Answer: 11 Question: How many satellite campuses are run by BYU? Answer: two Question: What is BYU's parent organization? Answer: the Church Educational System (CES) Question: Where does CES sponsor BYU's sister schools? Answer: Hawaii and Idaho Question: What are the Jerusalem and Provo campuses known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the schools in Hawaii and Salt Lake City known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who sponsors the schools in Hawaii and Salt Lake City? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does CSE stand for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population. Question: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language? Answer: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project Question: What is Calvin Veltman' study about? Answer: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants Question: What was Calvin Veltman' findings? Answer: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. Question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans? Answer: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), Question: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age? Answer: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population. Question: Who undertook the most complete study of Hispanic language adoption? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What demographics did Veltman exclude from the study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Data from which census confirms the great Anglicization of the billingual population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the preferred language of Hispanophone immigrants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many generations are required for a Native American to assimilate? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irrradiation factilities like cobalt-60 source and Electron beam processing. Question: EPN's Nuclear Science Department is among how many of its kind in Ecuador? Answer: one
Context: Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia. In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789. The nation's largest Presbyterian denomination, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) – PC (USA) – can trace their heritage back to the original PCUSA, as can the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), the Bible Presbyterian Church (BPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (CPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC) and the Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians (ECO). Question: When did Presbyterianism arrive in America? Answer: 1703 Question: In what city was the first Presbytery formed? Answer: Philadelphia Question: In what year would the original churches evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America? Answer: 1789 Question: What is the name of the largest denomination of the Presbyterian Church in America? Answer: the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Question: In which year did the Bible first arrive in Colonial America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did America arrive in Presbyterianism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Philadelphia brought to Colonial America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the presbytery joined by 3 more to form a synod? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Presbyterian Church in Colonial America established? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum, hence the abbreviation OP used by members), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Saint Dominic de Guzman in France and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216–27) on 22 December 1216. Membership in this "mendicant" order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries, though recently there has been a growing number of Associates, who are unrelated to the tertiaries) affiliated with the order. Question: What is the Latin for Order of Preachers? Answer: Ordo Praedicatorum Question: What Pope approved of the Order of Preachers? Answer: Pope Honorius III Question: After the 15th century, what was the Order of Preachers known as? Answer: the Dominican Order Question: What religion does the Dominican Order belong to? Answer: Roman Catholic Question: What Spanish Priest founded the Order of Preachers? Answer: Saint Dominic de Guzman Question: What was the Order of Preachers more commonly known as after the 16th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not the Latin term for the Order of Preachers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What religious order was founded by French priest Saint Dominic de Guzman? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which pope did not approve the Dominican order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Dominican Order's membership not include? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley. Egypt is a Mediterranean country. It is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west. Question: What 2 continents meet at Egypt? Answer: Africa and southwest corner of Asia Question: What land bridge between Asian and Africa? Answer: Sinai Peninsula Question: How larger is Egypt? Answer: 1,010,408 square kilometres Question: What Sea borders Egypt to the east? Answer: Red Sea Question: What country borders Egypt to the south? Answer: Sudan
Context: Hyderabad sits at the junction of three National Highways linking it to six other states: NH-7 runs 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, in the north to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, in the south; NH-9, runs 841 km (523 mi) east-west between Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and Pune, Maharashtra; and the 280 km (174 mi) NH-163 links Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam, Chhattisgarh NH-765 links Hyderabad to Srisailam. Five state highways, SH-1, SH-2, SH-4, SH-5 and SH-6, either start from, or pass through, Hyderabad.:58 Question: How many national highways form a junction in Hyderabad? Answer: three Question: How many states are linked to from highways in Hyderabad? Answer: six Question: How many miles long is NH-7? Answer: 1,472 mi Question: How many state highways pass through or begin in Hyderabad? Answer: Five Question: What road connects Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam? Answer: NH-163
Context: Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. Question: What color are white grapes? Answer: green Question: What gene makes grapes purple? Answer: anthocyanins Question: What shape do grapes usually resemble? Answer: prolate spheroid Question: What type of food are grapes? Answer: fruit Question: How many grapes are generally in a cluster? Answer: 15 to 300
Context: A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes examination of code as well as execution of that code in various environments and conditions as well as examining the aspects of code: does it do what it is supposed to do and do what it needs to do. In the current culture of software development, a testing organization may be separate from the development team. There are various roles for testing team members. Information derived from software testing may be used to correct the process by which software is developed. Question: What is the primamry reason for testing software? Answer: to detect software failures Question: What can testing software not fully completely establish? Answer: cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions Question: What does the scope of testing the software also look at? Answer: examination of code as well as execution of that code Question: Which two teams would you normally separate when writing and testing software? Answer: testing organization may be separate from the development team Question: What is a secondary purpose of testing software? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does software testing always include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the previous culture of software development, what two things were separate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Data from software testing may be used to model what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo, just under Mount Suribachi; where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. For some time, they did not come under fire. This was part of Kuribayashi's plan to hold fire until the landing beaches were full. As soon as the Marines pushed inland to a line of enemy bunkers, they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire which cut down many of the men. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast of the island, but their losses were appalling; almost 2,000 men killed or wounded. Question: When did Iwo Jima come under bombardment? Answer: mid-June 1944 Question: How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945? Answer: some 30,000 Question: What was the name of the mountain on Iwo Jima? Answer: Mount Suribachi Question: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island? Answer: almost 2,000
Context: A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows: Question: While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects? Answer: beliefs and practices Question: What do denominations and sects all agree upon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is found among those who call themselves Timothy Beal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does Christian note disparities among? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who notes the disparity of beliefs among those identifying as Timothy Beal? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms put organisms at a selective advantage in evolutionary terms. However, rhythmicity appears to be as important in regulating and coordinating internal metabolic processes, as in coordinating with the environment. This is suggested by the maintenance (heritability) of circadian rhythms in fruit flies after several hundred generations in constant laboratory conditions, as well as in creatures in constant darkness in the wild, and by the experimental elimination of behavioral, but not physiological, circadian rhythms in quail. Question: For what do Circadian rhythms let an organism prepare? Answer: environmental changes Question: What can an organism that uses circadian rhythms use to its advantage that others can not? Answer: resources Question: By better using resources, how does that improve an organism's chances of surviving? Answer: selective advantage Question: By improving what processes does the use of circadian rhythms serve to benefit the individual? Answer: internal metabolic Question: What insect has been studied concerning the inheritability of rhythms? Answer: fruit flies Question: What allows organisms to anticipate and prepare for unexpected environmental changes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind Of resources can organisms without circadian rhythms capitalize on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do circadian rhythms put at a selective disadvantage in evolutionary terms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is rhythmicity more important for regulating then it is for coordinating with the environment? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. The deadlock came to an end when the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr on 11 November 1975 and Fraser was installed as caretaker Prime Minister, pending an election. Fraser won in a landslide at the resulting 1975 election. Question: On what day did the 1975 constitutional crisis deadlock end? Answer: 11 November 1975 Question: How did the gridlock between Whitlam and Fraser end? Answer: the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr Question: Who won the 1975 election by large margin? Answer: Fraser Question: After what did Kerr claim that Whitlam delayed passage of money bills? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who won the 1974 election by large margin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Kerr argue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Kerr installed as caretaker Prime Minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Whitlam win the election? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From 1228, after of the Livonian Crusade, through the 1560s, Estonia was part of Terra Mariana, established on 2 February 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as subject to the Holy See. The southern parts of the country were conquered by Livonian Brothers of the Sword who joined the Teutonic Order in 1237 and became its branch known as the Livonian Order. The Duchy of Estonia was created out of the northern parts of the country and was a direct dominion of the King of Denmark from 1219 until 1346, when it was sold to the Teutonic Order and became part of the Ordenstaat. In 1343, the people of northern Estonia and Saaremaa rebelled against German rule in the St. George's Night Uprising, which was put down by 1345. The unsuccessful rebellion led to a consolidation of power for the Baltic German minority. For the subsequent centuries they remained the ruling elite in both cities and in the countryside. Question: When was Terra Mariana established? Answer: 2 February 1207 Question: Who ruled the southern parts of Estonia? Answer: Livonian Brothers of the Sword Question: What year did the Livonian Brothers join the Teutonic Order? Answer: 1237 Question: What year did the King of Denmark sell Estonia to the Teutonic Order? Answer: 1346 Question: Who did Estonia rebel against in 1343? Answer: German rule
Context: Because the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran. Commentators erudite in Arabic explained the allusions, and perhaps most importantly, explained which Quranic verses had been revealed early in Muhammad's prophetic career, as being appropriate to the very earliest Muslim community, and which had been revealed later, canceling out or "abrogating" (nāsikh) the earlier text (mansūkh). Other scholars, however, maintain that no abrogation has taken place in the Quran. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published a ten-volume Urdu commentary on the Quran, with the name Tafseer e Kabir. Question: In which language is the Quran recited? Answer: classical Arabic Question: What is the Arabic term for the cancellation of one part of the Quran by another? Answer: nāsikh Question: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's published Quran commentary? Answer: Tafseer e Kabir Question: In which language is the Tafseer e Kabir written? Answer: Urdu Question: What is the term for earlier portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by later parts? Answer: mansūkh Question: In which language is the Quran unrecited? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which language isn't the Quran recited? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Arabic term for the continuation of one part of the Quran by another? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Jewish Community's published Quran commentary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for later portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by earlier parts? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 30 November 1934, he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece and titular archbishop of Mesembria, Bulgaria. Thus, he is known as "the Turcophile Pope," by the Turkish society which is predominantly Muslim. Roncalli took up this post in 1935 and used his office to help the Jewish underground in saving thousands of refugees in Europe, leading some to consider him to be a Righteous Gentile (see Pope John XXIII and Judaism). In October 1935, he led Bulgarian pilgrims to Rome and introduced them to Pope Pius XI on 14 October. Question: When was he appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece? Answer: 30 November 1934 Question: He was appointed titular archbishop of where? Answer: Mesembria, Bulgaria Question: What ws he known by in the Turkish community? Answer: the Turcophile Pope Question: When did he take that position? Answer: 1935 Question: Who did he introduce Bulgarian pilgrims to? Answer: Pope Pius XI Question: When was Pope Pius XI appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Pope Pius XI named a titular archbishop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What title is Pope Pius XI known by in Turkey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Pope Pius XI take his position in Turkey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Pope Pius XI used his office to save? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught something similar to the Three marks of existence, the Five Aggregates, dependent origination, karma and rebirth, the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and nirvana. Some scholars disagree, and have proposed many other theories. Question: Was is the earliest phase of buddhism? Answer: Pre-sectarian Question: Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what? Answer: rebirth Question: Gautama buddha taught what Path concept? Answer: Noble Eightfold
Context: The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid dynasty. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman patterns of trade. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs. Question: In what year did the Battle of Poitiers take place? Answer: 732 Question: What Islamic dynasty followed the Umayyad? Answer: Abbasid Question: What was the capital of the Abbasid state? Answer: Baghdad Question: What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period? Answer: Tulunids Question: What group conquered southern France from Muslim forces? Answer: the Franks
Context: The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year. Question: A Constantinople correspondent of The Times exposed what anti-Semitic document as a forgery? Answer: The Protocols Question: Who was the name of the The Times Constantinople correspondent who exposed the anti-Semitic document as a forgery? Answer: Philip Graves Question: How did The Times respond to the exposing of anti-Semitic documents as forgery? Answer: retracted the editorial
Context: Species boundaries in plants may be weaker than in animals, and cross species hybrids are often possible. A familiar example is peppermint, Mentha × piperita, a sterile hybrid between Mentha aquatica and spearmint, Mentha spicata. The many cultivated varieties of wheat are the result of multiple inter- and intra-specific crosses between wild species and their hybrids. Angiosperms with monoecious flowers often have self-incompatibility mechanisms that operate between the pollen and stigma so that the pollen either fails to reach the stigma or fails to germinate and produce male gametes. This is one of several methods used by plants to promote outcrossing. In many land plants the male and female gametes are produced by separate individuals. These species are said to be dioecious when referring to vascular plant sporophytes and dioicous when referring to bryophyte gametophytes. Question: Are plants able to mate across species? Answer: hybrids are often possible Question: What common grain is the result cultivated wild hybrids? Answer: wheat Question: How do some plants avoid cross pollination? Answer: pollen either fails to reach the stigma Question: Do all plants have male and female parts? Answer: separate individuals
Context: CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs were the same as CD-Vs, but without the audio CD tracks. CD-Vs were somewhat popular for a brief time worldwide, but soon faded from view. VSDs were popular only in Japan and other parts of Asia, and were never fully introduced to the rest of the world. Question: What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included? Answer: audio CD tracks Question: In what areas of the world were VSDs popular? Answer: only in Japan and other parts of Asia Question: Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players? Answer: VSDs
Context: In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. Question: Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three? Answer: Eastern Catalan Question: What is the exception to this reduction? Answer: Majorcan Question: Which vowel remains distinct? Answer: /i/
Context: It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws. Of course, most entities do not have consciousness. As a human being's actions cannot always be predicted, the same can be said of where a tree's roots will grow, or how an electron will move, or whether it will rain tomorrow. Moreover, inability to predict an electron's movement (for instance) is not due to faulty understanding or inadequate technology; rather, the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable. Question: An entity is a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else? Answer: reaction to them. Question: Most entities do not have what? Answer: consciousness Question: All entities, being unable to predict behavior, are because of what? Answer: the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities Question: Not being able to predict what any entity is going to do is what principle b Whitehead? Answer: creativity is the absolute principle of existence Question: Other than the combination of its relations, what else defines an entity? Answer: an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them Question: What did Whitehead believe regarding creativity? Answer: creativity is the absolute principle of existence Question: What did Whitehead believe about an entity's relation to other entities? Answer: has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws Question: Other than the combination of its relations, what else does not define an entity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Whitehead believe regarding non-creativity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: An entity is not a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners. Question: What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on? Answer: Mahayana Question: What is the English term for Vajrayana? Answer: Diamond Vehicle Question: What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices? Answer: Tantric Question: Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what? Answer: ritual
Context: Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name chops, or signets) in the Han dynasty period. However, despite the Qin script standardization, more than one script remained in use at the time. For example, a little-known, rectilinear and roughly executed kind of common (vulgar) writing had for centuries coexisted with the more formal seal script in the Qin state, and the popularity of this vulgar writing grew as the use of writing itself became more widespread. By the Warring States period, an immature form of clerical script called "early clerical" or "proto-clerical" had already developed in the state of Qin based upon this vulgar writing, and with influence from seal script as well. The coexistence of the three scripts – small seal, vulgar and proto-clerical, with the latter evolving gradually in the Qin to early Han dynasties into clerical script – runs counter to the traditional belief that the Qin dynasty had one script only, and that clerical script was suddenly invented in the early Han dynasty from the small seal script. Question: What has evolved slowly in the State of of Qin? Answer: Seal script Question: What script runs counter to the traditional belief that the Qin dynasty had one script only? Answer: clerical Question: What was invented in the early Han dynasty from the small seal script? Answer: clerical script
Context: Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases. Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines consisting of purified components, including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates, to protein carriers, as well as inactivated toxins (toxoids) and proteins. Question: What do vaccines need to work? Answer: immune modulation or augmentation Question: What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives? Answer: Antibacterial vaccines Question: What types of vaccines have been phased out? Answer: Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates Question: What do polysaccharides need to work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of polysaccharides have saved millions of lives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of polysaccharides have been phased out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Vaccines made from what have been replaced by less protein carriers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when a host includes polysaccharides? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic(VAK) are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued "there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice." Question: What do some theories believe? Answer: that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities Question: What should be included in effective teaching? Answer: teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities Question: What do some theories disagree with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should not be included in effective teaching? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believes learning styles are helpful? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who prefers to label children by learning style? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic are helpful to do what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song." The Carnival took an organized form in 1991; in 1994, Strumica became a member of FECC and in 1998 hosted the XVIII International Congress of Carnival Cities. The Strumica Carnival opens on a Saturday night at a masked ball where the Prince and Princess are chosen; the main Carnival night is on Tuesday, when masked participants (including groups from abroad) compete in various subjects. As of 2000, the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms has been held as part of Strumica's Carnival celebrations. Question: How long has the Strumica Carnival been going on? Answer: since at least 1670 Question: What nationality was Evlija Chelebija? Answer: Turkish Question: Who ran from house to house, laughing, screaming, and singing? Answer: masked people Question: What day is the main Carnival Night observed on? Answer: Tuesday Question: What year was the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms added to Strumica's Carnival celebrations? Answer: 2000
Context: Roofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed 40%, allowing the snow to stay on top, thereby functioning as insulation from the cold. In the lower areas where the forests are widespread, wooden tiles are traditionally used. Commonly made of Norway spruce, they are called "tavaillon". The Alpine regions are multicultural and linguistically diverse. Dialects are common, and vary from valley to valley and region to region. In the Slavic Alps alone 19 dialects have been identified. Some of the French dialects spoken in the French, Swiss and Italian alps of Aosta Valley derive from Arpitan, while the southern part of the western range is related to Old Provençal; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages. Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rhaeto-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan. Question: What are roofs traditionally constructed from? Answer: Alpine rocks Question: Where are chalets typically used for roof construction found?? Answer: the higher parts of the valleys Question: The inclination of the roof cannot exceed how much? Answer: 40% Question: How many dialects have been identified in the Slavic Alps? Answer: 19 Question: What language is spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland? Answer: Romansh
Context: In mid-2004 Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. In November 2004, she was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as one of its five founding members, along with The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Bob Marley, and U2. In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" at Tsunami Aid. She also performed at the Live 8 benefit concert in London in July 2005. Question: When was the Re-Invention World Tour kick off? Answer: mid-2004 Question: HOw much did the tour earn? Answer: around $120 million Question: What was Madonna's documentary called? Answer: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret Question: When was Madonna inducted into the UK Hall of Fame? Answer: November 2004 Question: When did Madonna perform at the Live 8 benefit concert in the UK? Answer: July 2005.
Context: After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes). The sale price set a new world record for a piece of football memorabilia, surpassing the £254,000 paid for the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy in 1997. The successful bidder was David Gold, the then joint chairman of Birmingham City; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country, Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation. Accordingly, Gold presented the trophy to the National Football Museum in Preston on 20 April 2006, where it went on immediate public display. It later moved with the museum to its new location in Manchester. In November 2012, it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers, after they beat Wanderers 7–1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final. Question: Who was the long-serving president of the FA cup? Answer: Lord Kinnaird Question: What year did Lord Kinnard die? Answer: Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, Question: Was the cup lost during that time? Answer: his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005 Question: Where did it sell? Answer: Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes) Question: Who won the bid? Answer: David Gold Question: Who owned the 1895 replica before it was obsolete? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was an unsuccessful bidder? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the FA cup never auctioned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy publicly displayed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the FA cup get moved to Manchester? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Even though support for republicanism in Britain seemed higher than at any time in living memory, republicanism was still a minority viewpoint, and the Queen herself had high approval ratings. Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying that a divorce was desirable. Question: What political feeling is still a minority view in Britain? Answer: republicanism Question: What state of affairs produced revelations and problems for Elizabeth? Answer: Charles and Diana's marriage Question: In spite of criticisms what kind of approval ratings did Elizabeth have? Answer: high Question: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup? Answer: monarchy Question: When did Elizabeth write to tell Charles and Diana to get a divorce? Answer: December 1995 Question: What was the majority viewpoint politically in the 1990s in Britain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Charles and Diana finally get divorced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of approval ratings did Prime Minister John Major have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Robert Fellowes become Elizabeth's private secretary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did George Carey become the Archbishop of Canterbury? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750. Question: What statutory policy minimizes outward expansion of urban London? Answer: the Metropolitan Green Belt Question: Greater London is divided into what two groups of boroughs? Answer: Inner London and Outer London Question: Where is the centre of London said to be located? Answer: Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall Question: In which directions does the River Thames divide the City of London? Answer: North and South Question: What metropolitan area lies beyond the Metropolitan Green Belt? Answer: London commuter belt
Context: The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slaves became more important, the language was colloquial and major motifs included escapism, marriage, romance and luck (Tyche). Though no Hellenistic tragedy remains intact, they were still widely produced during the period, yet it seems that there was no major breakthrough in style, remaining within the classical model. The Supplementum Hellenisticum, a modern collection of extant fragments, contains the fragments of 150 authors. Question: Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work? Answer: New Comedy Question: What is the only play that remains in it's entirety from the New Comedy era? Answer: Dyskolos Question: What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors? Answer: The Supplementum Hellenisticum Question: What two years are debated as the date in which Menander was born? Answer: 342/1 BCE
Context: Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H+ 3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation. Question: What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as? Answer: protonated Question: What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as? Answer: trihydrogen cation
Context: The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's "The Quadroons" (1842), a short story. This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier. The Northern mill owner would not sell his own children into slavery. Question: What stock character lived with her white father until he left the picture? Answer: "tragic octoroon" Question: Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon? Answer: Lydia Maria Child Question: What story was written by Child in 1842? Answer: "The Quadroons" Question: What does the tragic octoroon point out? Answer: sexual exploitation in slavery Question: Who used the figure of the tragic octoroon? Answer: abolitionists Question: Who wrote about the last "tragic octoroon" character? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What story was the last "tragic octoroon" character in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What character allowed abolitionists to draw attention away from sexual exploitation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who would sell his own children into slavery? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a mixed-race woman raised as a black woman in her black father's household called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors. Question: Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future? Answer: increase Question: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists? Answer: Eastern European destinations Question: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists? Answer: focus upon its niche attractions Question: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists? Answer: health, nature and rural tourism
Context: In 1997, the mammals were comprehensively revised by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell, which has resulted in the McKenna/Bell classification. Their 1997 book, Classification of Mammals above the Species Level, is the most comprehensive work to date on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal taxa, living and extinct, down through the rank of genus, though recent molecular genetic data challenge several of the higher level groupings. The authors worked together as paleontologists at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. McKenna inherited the project from Simpson and, with Bell, constructed a completely updated hierarchical system, covering living and extinct taxa that reflects the historical genealogy of Mammalia. Question: In 1997 who revised the classification of mammals? Answer: Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell Question: Where did the two authors work together as paleontologist? Answer: American Museum of Natural History Question: From whom did McKenna inherit the project from? Answer: Simpson Question: Who did Simpson inherit the project from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to molecular genetic data in 1997? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the book written by Simpson? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What information about mammals does Simpson's book cover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Simpson help construct with Bell? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA. Question: What was the first year the CIA's budget was disclosed? Answer: 1963 Question: Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005? Answer: Mary Margaret Graham Question: What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994? Answer: Congress Question: What plan appropriated $13.7 billion over five years? Answer: the Marshall Plan Question: What percent of the $13.7 billion did the CIA receive? Answer: 5%
Context: In 2014 YouTube said that 300 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, three times more than one year earlier and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has 800 million unique users a month. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, YouTube is the third most visited website in the world, as of June 2015; SimilarWeb also lists YouTube as the top TV and video website globally, attracting more than 15 billion visitors per month. Question: As of 2014, how many hours of video were being uploaded every minute? Answer: 300 Question: How much content on youtube comes from outside the US? Answer: around three quarters Question: How many unique visitors a month were tracked as of 2014? Answer: 800 million Question: As of June 2015, how many estimated visitors does youtube have in a month? Answer: 15 billion Question: Youtube is ranked what on the world's list of most visited sites? Answer: third Question: When did YouTube say 400 hours were being uploaded every minute? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much content on youtube comes from inside the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is ranked second on the world's list of most visited sites? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is ranked fourth on the world's list of most visited sites? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has more than 20 billion visitors per month? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many hours of new video every minute did YouTube say were uploaded in 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much bandwidth did YouTube consume in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many visitors per month did YouTube have as of June 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the third most visited website in the world as of June 2014? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair). Question: Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered? Answer: Montevideo Question: When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded? Answer: 1894 Question: Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what? Answer: the Maroñas Racecourse reopened
Context: The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [bɛrn] ( listen); French: Berne [bɛʁn]; Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna [ˈbɛrnɐ] (help·info); Bernese German: Bärn [b̥æːrn]) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or "federal city".[note 1] With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons. Question: Where is Bern located? Answer: Switzerland Question: How many municiplaities are in Bern? Answer: 36 Question: Bern is the capitol of which canton? Answer: Canton of Bern Question: Where does Bern rank in population in Switzerland? Answer: second
Context: In 2007 Torsten Struck and colleagues compared 3 genes in 81 taxa, of which 9 were outgroups, in other words not considered closely related to annelids but included to give an indication of where the organisms under study are placed on the larger tree of life. For a cross-check the study used an analysis of 11 genes (including the original 3) in 10 taxa. This analysis agreed that clitellates, pogonophorans and echiurans were on various branches of the polychaete family tree. It also concluded that the classification of polychaetes into Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata was useless, as the members of these alleged groups were scattered all over the family tree derived from comparing the 81 taxa. In addition, it also placed sipunculans, generally regarded at the time as a separate phylum, on another branch of the polychaete tree, and concluded that leeches were a sub-group of oligochaetes rather than their sister-group among the clitellates. Rouse accepted the analyses based on molecular phylogenetics, and their main conclusions are now the scientific consensus, although the details of the annelid family tree remain uncertain. Question: Who compared annelid genes in 2007? Answer: Torsten Struck and colleagues Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck first compare? Answer: 3 Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck compare for a cross-check? Answer: 11 Question: What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 2007 study? Answer: Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata Question: What did Rouse decide leeches were a subgroup of? Answer: oligochaetes Question: Who compared annelid genes in 1807? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck first discover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck never compare for a cross-check? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 1997 study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Rouse decide leeches were a supergroup of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some of the surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of those areas of the counties surrounding the capital. London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London had barely recovered from the war. Question: What was the primary cause of the cholera outbreak in 19th century London? Answer: London's overcrowded conditions Question: Who bombed London in both World War I and World War II? Answer: the Germans Question: When did London host its first Summer Olympics? Answer: 1948 Question: How many people died of cholera in London in 1848? Answer: 14,000 Question: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place? Answer: the original Wembley Stadium
Context: The eusocial insects build nest, guard eggs, and provide food for offspring full-time (see Eusociality). Most insects, however, lead short lives as adults, and rarely interact with one another except to mate or compete for mates. A small number exhibit some form of parental care, where they will at least guard their eggs, and sometimes continue guarding their offspring until adulthood, and possibly even feeding them. Another simple form of parental care is to construct a nest (a burrow or an actual construction, either of which may be simple or complex), store provisions in it, and lay an egg upon those provisions. The adult does not contact the growing offspring, but it nonetheless does provide food. This sort of care is typical for most species of bees and various types of wasps. Question: Eusocial insects provide food for their offspring full-time or part-time? Answer: full-time Question: What do eusocial insects guard? Answer: eggs Question: What do eusocial insects build? Answer: nest Question: Most eusocial insects lead what kind of life once becoming an adult? Answer: short Question: An adult eusocial insect does not contact it's what? Answer: growing offspring
Context: The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years. Question: What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game? Answer: 1863 Question: Who Organizes the World Cups? Answer: International Federation of Association Football Question: About how many years between World Cups? Answer: four Question: What country did the Laws of the Game come from? Answer: England Question: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands? Answer: goalkeepers Question: What country was the Laws of the Game banned from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Football Association remove The Laws of the Game? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never organizes the World Cups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: About how many years long are World Cups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their feet? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The French troops immediately took up pursuit but were delayed in the Battle of Eylau on 9 February 1807 by an East Prussian contingent under General Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq. Napoleon had to stay at the Finckenstein Palace, but in May, after a siege of 75 days, his troops led by Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre were able to capture the city Danzig, which had been tenaciously defended by General Count Friedrich Adolf von Kalkreuth. On 14 June, Napoleon ended the War of the Fourth Coalition with his victory at the Battle of Friedland. Frederick William and Queen Louise met with Napoleon for peace negotiations, and on 9 July the Prussian king signed the Treaty of Tilsit. Question: What defeat led to Prussia having to swear its allegiance to Napoleon? Answer: Battle of Jena-Auerstedt Question: What city did King Frederick William use to flee Prussia? Answer: Königsberg Question: What year did Napoleon end of the War of the Fourth Coalition? Answer: 1807 Question: In what country is Konigsberg? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the leader of the army Napoleon beat at the Battle of Friedland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What military leader did Napoleon beat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what country was Memel? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than those of their husbands; 30 (33.7%) were with women of surrounding clans of other clan families (Isaaq, 28; Hawiye, 3); and 3 (4.3%) were with women of other clans of the Darod clan family (Majerteen 2, Ogaden 1). Question: What practice is often used to bind different clans together? Answer: marriage Question: According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan? Answer: 3 Question: According to a recent study, how many Dhulbahante men married women of a different Dhulbahante sub-clan? Answer: 55 Question: To what clan family do the Ogaden belong? Answer: Darod Question: What percentage of Dhulbahante men married women of the Majerteen or Ogaden? Answer: 4.3%
Context: As soon as Schwarzenegger was elected governor, Willie Brown said he would start a drive to recall the governor. Schwarzenegger was equally entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch "Hans and Franz" from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians "girlie men". Question: What politician threatened to start working to recall Schwarzenegger right after he was elected? Answer: Willie Brown Question: What Saturday Night Live sketch was Schwarzenegger referencing when he called opposing politicians "girlie men"? Answer: Hans and Franz
Context: Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men. Question: What is the social style of hunter-gather societies? Answer: egalitarian Question: Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live? Answer: Northwest Coast of North America Question: what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian? Answer: African Question: Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Those inhabiting the Northeast Coast of North America are what kind of of hunter-gatherers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Very few African hunter-gatherers are what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In American culture, women are roughly what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. Since the 2001 Census, the number of Christians and Jews has decreased (-16% and -7% respectively), while all other religions have increased and non-religious people have almost doubled in number. Question: What percentage of Plymouth's population call themselves Christian? Answer: 58.1% Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam? Answer: 0.8% Question: What percentage of Plymouth consists of non-religious people? Answer: 32.9% Question: What percentage of people in the United Kingdom describe themselves as non-religious? Answer: 24.7% Question: What was the percentage decline in Jewish residents of Plymouth between 2001 and 2011? Answer: 7%
Context: The Slavic autonym Slověninъ is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo "word", originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)," i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting "foreign people" – němci, meaning "mumbling, murmuring people" (from Slavic němъ – "mumbling, mute"). Question: What slavic word denotes "people who speak the same language?" Answer: slovo Question: What slavic word denotes "foreign people?" Answer: němci Question: Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo? Answer: Roman Jakobson Question: Who came up with the Slavic autonym? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does slovo derive from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word did Roman Jakobson use to call Slavics foreign people? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word did Jackobson use to mean mute? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal. The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal). Oddly, this meant that it was awarded for lesser acts of gallantry than the George Medal, but, as an Order, was worn before it and listed before it in post-nominal initials. From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry. Question: From what year could the Sovereign appoint a person as Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire? Answer: 1940 Question: Of what acts did the Members of the Order of the British Empire appoint? Answer: below the level required for the George Medal Question: What grade was determined? Answer: same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry Question: When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry? Answer: 14 January 1958
Context: The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn. In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions. Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent of Gondwana. The remainder of modern Eurasia lay in the Northern Hemisphere. Sea levels were high worldwide, and much of the land lay submerged under shallow seas. The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the "universal ocean") covered the rest of the planet. Other minor oceans were Paleo-Tethys, Proto-Tethys, Rheic Ocean and Ural Ocean (which was closed during the collision with Siberia and Baltica). Question: During what time period was the Devonian era? Answer: 419 to 359 Ma. Question: Which continent was formed from the meeting of Laurentia and Baltica? Answer: Euramerica (or Laurussia) Question: Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period? Answer: Old Red Sandstone Question: Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on Pangaea during the Devonian? Answer: the northern Appalachian Mountains Question: What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period? Answer: Panthalassa Question: What kind of activity decreased during the Devonian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two continents where moving away from each other during Devonian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continent was formed when Laurasia and Gondwanna colided? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type od seimentary beds formed in the desert along the Tropic of Capricorn? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was shallow arounfd the world? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376. With the return of the Pope to Rome in 1378, the Papal State developed into a major secular power, culminating in the morally corrupt papacy of Alexander VI. Florence grew to prominence amongst the Italian city-states through financial business, and the dominant Medici family became important promoters of the Renaissance through their patronage of the arts. Other city states in northern Italy also expanded their territories and consolidated their power, primarily Milan and Venice. The War of the Sicilian Vespers had by the early 14th century divided southern Italy into an Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples. In 1442, the two kingdoms were effectively united under Aragonese control. Question: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 14th century? Answer: Avignon Question: In what year did the papacy return to Rome? Answer: 1378 Question: What 14th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms? Answer: The War of the Sicilian Vespers Question: What were the names of the two kingdoms into which southern Italy was divided? Answer: Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples Question: In what year were the two southern Italian kingdoms re-united? Answer: 1442 Question: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 13th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year didn't the papacy return to Rome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 13th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the names of the two kingdoms into which northern Italy was divided? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year were the two southern Italian kingdoms separated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The interface of Windows 8 has been the subject of mixed reaction. Bright wrote that its system of hot corners and edge swiping "wasn't very obvious" due to the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface, even by the video tutorial added on the RTM release (which only instructed users to point at corners of the screen or swipe from its sides). Despite this "stumbling block", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means. Tom Warren of The Verge wrote that the new interface was "as stunning as it is surprising", contributing to an "incredibly personal" experience once it is customized by the user, but had a steep learning curve, and was awkward to use with a keyboard and mouse. He noted that while forcing all users to use the new touch-oriented interface was a risky move for Microsoft as a whole, it was necessary in order to push development of apps for the Windows Store. Others, such as Adrian Kingsley-Hughes from ZDNet, considered the interface to be "clumsy and impractical" due to its inconsistent design (going as far as considering it "two operating systems unceremoniously bolted together"), and concluded that "Windows 8 wasn't born out of a need or demand; it was born out of a desire on Microsoft's part to exert its will on the PC industry and decide to shape it in a direction—touch and tablets -- that allows it to compete against, and remain relevant in the face of Apple's iPad." Question: What makes the Windows 8 interface difficult to use? Answer: the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface Question: Who said the Windows 8 interface was clumsy and impractical? Answer: Adrian Kingsley-Hughes Question: What kind of feedback has Windows 8 received? Answer: mixed Question: What makes the Windows 9 interface difficult to use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes the Windows 8 interface easy to use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said the Windows 9 interface was clumsy and impractical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said the Windows 8 interface was practical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of feedback has Windows 9 received? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. A retrospective of Cézanne's paintings had been held at the Salon d'Automne of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, followed by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907. Question: Name the 8 peopl who began the movement Answer: Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. Question: Which person was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms? Answer: Paul Cézanne Question: What year's were Cezannes painting's displayed at Salon d'Automne? Not including the retrospectives. Answer: 1905 and 1906 Question: What movement did Picasso not participate in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movement did Braque not participate in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1903? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which person was the least influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year's were Cezannes painting's not displayed at Salon d'Automne? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most of the plains have been cleared and are in intensive agricultural use while most of the forests are planted with spruce and pine. Since 1990, Thuringia's forests have been managed aiming for a more natural and tough vegetation more resilient to climate change as well as diseases and vermin. In comparison to the forest, agriculture is still quite conventional and dominated by large structures and monocultures. Problems here are caused especially by increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months. Question: Why is Thurnigia's landscape shaped by human influence? Answer: Due to many centuries of intensive settlement Question: What is the original natural vegetation of Thuringia? Answer: forest with beech as its predominant species Question: What type of nature is common in the highlands of Thuringia? Answer: a mixture of beech and spruce Question: What has been the aim for the Thuringian forests since 1990? Answer: more natural and tough vegetation Question: Where do most landscape problems come from? Answer: increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months Question: Why is Thurnigia's landscape not shaped by human influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the original artificial vegetation of Thuringia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of artificial product is common in the highlands of Thuringia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been the aim for the Thuringian forests since 1970? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do most dreamscape problems come from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico. Question: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built? Answer: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan Question: Where does the lake still remain? Answer: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico Question: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco? Answer: The Aztecs Question: What made up Lake Texcoco? Answer: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes Question: Where is the lake located in Atenco? Answer: Federal District
Context: While some birds are essentially territorial or live in small family groups, other birds may form large flocks. The principal benefits of flocking are safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency. Defence against predators is particularly important in closed habitats like forests, where ambush predation is common and multiple eyes can provide a valuable early warning system. This has led to the development of many mixed-species feeding flocks, which are usually composed of small numbers of many species; these flocks provide safety in numbers but increase potential competition for resources. Costs of flocking include bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds and the reduction of feeding efficiency in certain cases. Question: What are the principal benefits of flocking? Answer: safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency Question: What is a cost of flocking? Answer: bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds Question: What is particularly important in closed habitats like forests? Answer: Defence against predators
Context: The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations. Some consider themselves multiracial, while acknowledging race as a social construct. Creolization, assimilation and integration have been continuing processes. The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) and other social movements since the mid-twentieth century worked to achieve social justice and equal enforcement of civil rights under the constitution for all ethnicities. In the 2000s, less than 5% of the population identified as multiracial. In many instances, mixed racial ancestry is so far back in an individual's family history (for instance, before the Civil War or earlier), that it does not affect more recent ethnic and cultural identification. Question: What occured from 1955 to 1968? Answer: The African-American Civil Rights Movement Question: How much of the population identified as mixed race in the 2000s? Answer: less than 5% Question: What is race sometimes seen as? Answer: a social construct Question: Who are descendents of various culturally distinct groups? Answer: The American people Question: What does affect recent identification in many cases? Answer: mixed racial ancestry Question: What are the English people mostly descendants of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Hispanic Civil Rights Movement occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of the population identified as multiracial before the 2000s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is race not acknowledged as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did social movements from before the mid-twentieth century work to achieve? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for "I do not allow"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik. Question: What class was polands nobility? Answer: closed class Question: Who could rise into polish ennoblement? Answer: Many low-born individuals Question: How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics? Answer: enormous influence Question: WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm? Answer: any nobleman Question: What is is called to nullify proceedings? Answer: liberum veto
Context: In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A study commissioned by the institute had said that experience had proved that the goal of individualized decisions about who should be executed and the goal of systemic fairness for minorities and others could not be reconciled. Question: In what year did the American Law Institute create a death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code? Answer: 1962 Question: In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the death penalty to the Model Penal Code? Answer: 2009 Question: What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions? Answer: systemic fairness for minorities Question: In what year did the American Law Institute create a non-death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the non-death penalty to the Model Penal Code? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What goal did the ALI's study say could be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters. Question: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market? Answer: fourth largest Question: What type of music was pioneered in Germany? Answer: trance Question: What type of music does Kraftwerk make? Answer: electronic Question: What is the largest music festival in Germany? Answer: Rock am Ring Question: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract? Answer: up to 30,000 Question: What is the fourth largest music market in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of dance was pioneered in Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the largest music festival in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who pioneered Industrial music acts? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most precise timekeeping device of the ancient world was the water clock, or clepsydra, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC). They could be used to measure the hours even at night, but required manual upkeep to replenish the flow of water. The Ancient Greeks and the people from Chaldea (southeastern Mesopotamia) regularly maintained timekeeping records as an essential part of their astronomical observations. Arab inventors and engineers in particular made improvements on the use of water clocks up to the Middle Ages. In the 11th century, Chinese inventors and engineers invented the first mechanical clocks driven by an escapement mechanism. Question: What was the most accurate clock-like device in the ancient world? Answer: the water clock, or clepsydra Question: A clepsyrda was found in the tomb of which Pharaoh? Answer: Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep Question: Which inventors made significant improvements on the water clock up until the Middle Ages? Answer: Arab inventors Question: Which engineers came up with the first mechanical clocks? Answer: Chinese Question: When were the first mechanical clocks created? Answer: the 11th century Question: What device was invented by the ancient Greeks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mechanism was used to replenish water in a water clock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was another term used for a mechanical clock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the Chinese maintain timekeeping records in the 11th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For how long did the ancient Greeks make improvements to the water clock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the most accurate clock=like device in Chaldea? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A clepsyrda was found in the tomb of which Greek? Answer: Unanswerable Question: which inventors made significant improvements on the water clock up until the ancient world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which engineers came up with the first clocks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the first water clocks created? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched. Upon the system's official launch, it pledged to offer general users positioning information accurate to the nearest 10 m, measure speeds within 0.2 m per second, and provide signals for clock synchronisation accurate to 0.02 microseconds. Question: When did the Compass system begin operation on a trial bases? Answer: December 2011 Question: When did the Compass system begin offering navigation, positioning and timing data to China and nearby locations? Answer: 27 December Question: What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system? Answer: as more satellites are launched Question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users? Answer: accurate to the nearest 10 m Question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users? Answer: within 0.2 m per second Question: During which month of 2013 did the system begin a trial operation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the system finish its trial run? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The system began charging China and surrounding areas in what month? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the trial period, within how many meters was the NSEW system's positioning accuracy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After official launch, the system declined to offer customers positioning information accurate to the nearest what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates. The journal's mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research, drawing from fields such as history, literature, economics, philosophy, and art. Founded in 2008, the journal features articles by professors, law students, practitioners, and undergraduates. The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost. Question: What journal was founded in 2008 that features articles by professors and law students? Answer: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review Question: Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review? Answer: Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost Question: How often is The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published? Answer: annually Question: Who publishes The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review? Answer: an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates Question: What journal was founded in 2018 that features articles by professors and law students? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who funds The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How often is The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who publishes The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf. Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts; this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season. In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe. Question: What manager updated the players uniforms in 1933? Answer: Herbert Chapman Question: What brighter shade of red did Chapman adopt? Answer: pillar box red Question: What distinctive change did Chapman make to the Arsenal shirts? Answer: white sleeves Question: For what style of shirts Arsenal known ? Answer: red and white Question: What did Arsenal want to commemorate by wearing dark red shirts in their last season at Highbury? Answer: first season Question: What color was Arsenal's sleeves before 1933? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what stadium did Arsenal play after the 2005-06 season? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Herbert Chapman become manager of Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Arsenal founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who founded Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Behind the scenes, the bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, or those the bookers believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership. Lower ranked titles may also be used on the performers who show potential, thus allowing them greater exposure to the audience. However other circumstances may also determine the use of a championship. A combination of a championship's lineage, the caliber of performers as champion, and the frequency and manner of title changes, dictates the audience's perception of the title's quality, significance and reputation. Question: What happens behind the scenes of a match? Answer: bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, Question: Who else do bookers focus on? Answer: those the bookers believe will generate fan interest Question: Who might they use a lower ranked title on? Answer: performers who show potential
Context: The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Ireland as a constituent country of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Following the partition of Ireland in 1921 which saw the creation of the sovereign Irish Free State (which eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland), Northern Ireland retained its devolved government through the Parliament of Northern Ireland, the only part of the UK to have such a body at this time. This body was suspended in 1972 and Northern Ireland was governed by direct rule during the period of conflict known as The Troubles. Question: How has United Kingdom been governed? Answer: unitary state Question: Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what did they do? Answer: UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power Question: When did devolution in the UK begin? Answer: 1914 Question: What is Ireland Act 1914? Answer: which granted home rule to Ireland as a constituent country of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Question: What is Irish Free State? Answer: eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland Question: How has United Kingdom not been governed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what didn't they do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did revolution in the UK begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't Ireland Act 1914? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Irish Cost State? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Major theaters in Detroit include the Fox Theatre (5,174 seats), Music Hall (1,770 seats), the Gem Theatre (451 seats), Masonic Temple Theatre (4,404 seats), the Detroit Opera House (2,765 seats), the Fisher Theatre (2,089 seats), The Fillmore Detroit (2,200 seats), Saint Andrew's Hall, the Majestic Theater, and Orchestra Hall (2,286 seats) which hosts the renowned Detroit Symphony Orchestra. The Nederlander Organization, the largest controller of Broadway productions in New York City, originated with the purchase of the Detroit Opera House in 1922 by the Nederlander family. Question: What building does the Detroit Symphony Orchestra play in? Answer: Orchestra Hall Question: What family purchased the Detroit opera House? Answer: Nederlander Question: How many seats does the Fisher Theater have? Answer: 2,089 Question: Which Detroit theater has 4,404 seats? Answer: Masonic Temple Theatre Question: In what year was the Detroit Opera House purchased? Answer: 1922
Context: Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities mainly provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Individuals who complete tertiary education generally receive certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. Question: What was another name used for Higher Education? Answer: tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education Question: What is High Education? Answer: follows the completion of a school such as a high school Question: What does Tertiary education include? Answer: undergraduate and postgraduate education Question: What is another name for the fourth stage of education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for the first stage of education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for the second stage of education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Tertiary education not include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: People do not receive certificates from what level of education? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the United States. For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course. The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology. Question: Most graduate schools specializing in immunology follow what organization's parameters? Answer: AAI courses Question: What is the name of the immunology school at Mount Sinai? Answer: Icahn School of Medicine Question: AAI immunology courses include what two components? Answer: Introductory Course and an Advance Course Question: What does the introductory AAI immunology course do? Answer: gives students an overview of the basics of immunology Question: The Langone Medical Center is part of what college? Answer: New York University
Context: Most of the cuisines found in Kathmandu are non-vegetarian. However, the practice of vegetarianism is not uncommon, and vegetarian cuisines can be found throughout the city. Consumption of beef is very uncommon and considered taboo in many places. Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common. There is a strong tradition of buff consumption in Kathmandu, especially among Newars, which is not found in other parts of Nepal. Consumption of pork was considered taboo until a few decades ago. Due to the intermixing with Kirat cuisine from eastern Nepal, pork has found a place in Kathmandu dishes. A fringe population of devout Hindus and Muslims consider it taboo. The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except Cow's meat as the consider Cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity. The chief breakfast for locals and visitors is mostly Momo or Chowmein. Question: What meat is very rarely eaten in Kathmandu? Answer: beef Question: What animal does buff come from? Answer: water buffalo Question: What people are particularly known for eating buff? Answer: Newars Question: What cuisine notably makes use of pork? Answer: Kirat Question: What do Kathmandu residents typically eat for breakfast? Answer: Momo or Chowmein
Context: The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand. Question: Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch? Answer: Queen Victoria Question: What relation was Victoria to Elizabeth? Answer: great-great-grandmother Question: When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch? Answer: 9 September 2015 Question: In age of monarchs, what is the rank of Elizabeth's reign? Answer: world's oldest Question: What head of stat has served longer than Elizabeth? Answer: King Bhumibol Adulyadej
Context: There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city. Question: How many representatives does Southampton have in parliament? Answer: three Question: What is Royston Smith's constituency? Answer: Southampton Itchen Question: Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament? Answer: Dr. Alan Whitehead Question: To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong? Answer: Conservative Question: Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent? Answer: west
Context: In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour. Vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal urban economy; children are predominantly employed by their parents, rather than factories. Poverty and lack of schools are considered as the primary cause of child labour. Question: What year did sub-saharan Africa have the highest rates of child labour? Answer: 2010 Question: What is the largest employer of child labour? Answer: agriculture Question: Who are children predominantly employed by? Answer: their parents Question: Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour Answer: Poverty
Context: In the fall of 1958, Nasser formed a tripartite committee consisting of Zakaria Mohieddin, al-Hawrani, and Salah Bitar to oversee developments in Syria. By moving the latter two, who were Ba'athists, to Cairo, he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run. He put Syria under Sarraj, who effectively reduced the province to a police state by imprisoning and exiling landholders who objected to the introduction of Egyptian agricultural reform in Syria, as well as communists. Following the Lebanese election of Fuad Chehab in September 1958, relations between Lebanon and the UAR improved considerably. On 25 March 1959, Chehab and Nasser met at the Lebanese–Syrian border and compromised on an end to the Lebanese crisis. Question: Who did Nasser appoint to run Syria? Answer: Sarraj Question: What was Syria like under Sarraj? Answer: police state Question: Who did Lebanon elect in 1958? Answer: Fuad Chehab Question: How did relations between Lebanon and the UAR change with Chehab's election? Answer: improved considerably Question: In what year did Nasser and Chehab agree to end the Lebanon crisis? Answer: 1959

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