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Context: All armies soon deployed AA guns often based on their smaller field pieces, notably the French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm, typically simply propped up on some sort of embankment to get the muzzle pointed skyward. The British Army adopted the 13-pounder quickly producing new mountings suitable for AA use, the 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III was issued in 1915. It remained in service throughout the war but 18-pdr guns were lined down to take the 13-pdr shell with a larger cartridge producing the 13-pr QF 9 cwt and these proved much more satisfactory. However, in general, these ad-hoc solutions proved largely useless. With little experience in the role, no means of measuring target, range, height or speed the difficulty of observing their shell bursts relative to the target gunners proved unable to get their fuse setting correct and most rounds burst well below their targets. The exception to this rule was the guns protecting spotting balloons, in which case the altitude could be accurately measured from the length of the cable holding the balloon. Question: What two guns were propped up against a hillside to get the muzzles pointed up? Answer: French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm Question: What anti-aircraft gun did the British Army begin to use? Answer: 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III Question: What gun size was relined to take 13-pounder shells? Answer: 18-pdr guns Question: What was difficult to get set right on the new guns? Answer: get their fuse setting correct Question: Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode? Answer: well below their targets
Context: Queen have been featured multiple times in the Guitar Hero franchise: a cover of "Killer Queen" in the original Guitar Hero, "We Are The Champions", "Fat Bottomed Girls", and the Paul Rodgers collaboration "C-lebrity" in a track pack for Guitar Hero World Tour, "Under Pressure" with David Bowie in Guitar Hero 5, "I Want It All" in Guitar Hero: Van Halen, "Stone Cold Crazy" in Guitar Hero: Metallica, and "Bohemian Rhapsody" in Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock. On 13 October 2009, Brian May revealed there was "talk" going on "behind the scenes" about a dedicated Queen Rock Band game. Question: Which music video game featured a plethora of Queen songs? Answer: Guitar Hero Question: Who collaborated with Freddie Mercury on the song Under Pressure? Answer: David Bowie Question: Which member of Queen discussed a possible Queen Rock Band video game? Answer: Brian May Question: What Heavy Metal band had a video game in which Queen was featured? Answer: Metallica
Context: Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman. Question: Which parties merged in Queensland in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland? Answer: the Liberal and National parties Question: In March 2012, which party won by an historic landslide? Answer: the new Liberal National Party of Queensland Question: Who led the new Liberal National Party of Queensland through the election in March 2012? Answer: former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman Question: Which parties merged in Queensland in 2008 to form the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In March 2011, which party won by an historic landslide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who led the new Liberal National Party of Queensland through the election in March 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What parties merged in 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who led the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. In addition, Google Search is also (as one would expect) the default search engine in Google Chrome. Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page, increasing ad revenue and which funds development at Google and of Google Chrome. Question: Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser? Answer: Google Question: What other browser has Google as the default search engine? Answer: Chrome Question: The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google? Answer: Google Chrome Question: Why do web browsers pay search engine companies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does Mozilla pay Google? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lets Google not charge users for using Chrome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What increases ad revenue for Firefox? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What funds development at Mozilla? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun." Christian apologist Tertullian believed the event was documented in the Roman archives. Question: Which historian was referenced for the reports? Answer: Thallus Question: What event did Thallus describe? Answer: an eclipse of the sun Question: What day do Hebrews celebrate Passover? Answer: the 14th day Question: When does the passion of Jesus fall? Answer: the day before the passover Question: Where were these events documented? Answer: the Roman archives Question: For how many years had the Romans kept archives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Africanus believe that the recording of the date of Passover was documented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the occupation of Africanus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: His book of History was Tertullian's what in a series of books written? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Romans begin their rule of Jerusalem? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Other museums include the City Museum of Nanjing in the Chaotian Palace, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum, the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum, Nanjing Yunjin Museum, Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House, Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such Zheng He Memorial, Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial. Question: What city contains some of the finest and oldest museums in all of China? Answer: Nanjing Question: What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum? Answer: National Central Museum Question: Which museum was the first modern one in China? Answer: Nanjing Museum Question: What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for? Answer: Ming and Qing imperial porcelain Question: How many items does the Nanjing Museum contain? Answer: 400,000 items
Context: Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably Tom DeLay who was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor. Question: Does speaker of the House participate in dbate? Answer: Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate Question: Are snate majority leaders more influential than Speaker of the house?? Answer: Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker Question: Who did Newt Gingrich delegate much authority to? Answer: Dick Armey Question: Who was speaker of the house When Tom Delay was Majority leader? Answer: Dennis Hastert Question: How much authority did Tom Delay delegate to Dick Armey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Tom Delay give Dick Armey the authority over on the House floor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Senate Majority Leader not do typically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Dennis Hastert more prominent than? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the Majority Leader's duties in Westminster? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas. Question: In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming? Answer: ATSC Question: Laws regarding antennas were upated before what? Answer: the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts Question: Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas? Answer: home owners' associations and city government Question: Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what? Answer: the installation of antennas Question: Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner? Answer: 2009 Question: In the UK, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Laws regarding antennas weren't updated before what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do these laws allow the installation of antennas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from allowing what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall. Question: What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids? Answer: taalo Question: What were taalo used for? Answer: burial Question: What were ancient Somali houses made out of? Answer: dressed stone Question: Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country? Answer: Egypt Question: What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia? Answer: the Wargaade Wall
Context: Despite some concerns, western vegetarians and vegans have not been found to suffer from overt zinc deficiencies any more than meat-eaters. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soyfoods, nuts, peas, and seeds. However, phytates in many whole-grains and fiber in many foods may interfere with zinc absorption and marginal zinc intake has poorly understood effects. The zinc chelator phytate, found in seeds and cereal bran, can contribute to zinc malabsorption. There is some evidence to suggest that more than the US RDA (15 mg) of zinc daily may be needed in those whose diet is high in phytates, such as some vegetarians. These considerations must be balanced against the fact that there is a paucity of adequate zinc biomarkers, and the most widely used indicator, plasma zinc, has poor sensitivity and specificity. Diagnosing zinc deficiency is a persistent challenge. Question: What is one way that vegetarians and vegans obtain zinc? Answer: plant sources Question: What is found in whole grains that can interfere with zinc absorption? Answer: phytates Question: Where is zinc chelator phytate found? Answer: seeds and cereal bran, Question: What kind of diet may require more than 15mg of zinc daily? Answer: diet is high in phytates, Question: What is the only way that vegetarians and vegans obtain zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is found in whole grains that can help with zinc absorption? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is zinc chelator phytate forbidden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of diet may require more than 150mg of zinc daily? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Shift-work or chronic jet-lag have profound consequences on circadian and metabolic events in the body. Animals that are forced to eat during their resting period show increased body mass and altered expression of clock and metabolic genes.[medical citation needed] In humans, shift-work that favors irregular eating times is associated with altered insulin sensitivity and higher body mass. Shift-work also leads to increased metabolic risks for cardio-metabolic syndrome, hypertension, inflammation. Question: What effect does jet-lag and shift-work have on the human body? Answer: profound consequences Question: Animals that eat during resting periods show what body increase? Answer: body mass Question: How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin? Answer: insulin sensitivity Question: Besides insulin sensitivity, what other effect does shift-work have on the body? Answer: higher body mass Question: What type of work can lead to heart, hypertension and inflammation? Answer: Shift-work Question: What does shift work have little effect on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes animals to have decreased body mass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decreases insulin sensativity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of work leads to lower body mass? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Immediately after the earthquake event, mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area, with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too. Elements of telecommunications were restored by the government piece by piece over the next number of months as the situation in the Sichuan province gradually improved. Eventually, a handful of major news and media websites were made accessible online in the region, albeit with dramatically pared back webpages. Question: What kinds of telecommunications were cut? Answer: mobile and terrestrial Question: What capabilities were cut to the entire Sichuan area? Answer: internet Question: How long did it take for these capabilities to be restored? Answer: months Question: What was cut after the earthquake? Answer: telecommunications Question: Where were the internet cut? Answer: Sichuan area Question: Who restored communications over a period of months? Answer: the government Question: What internet services were decreased in the area? Answer: news and media websites Question: What services were finally online again? Answer: major news and media
Context: Throughout the 20th century, most Bissau-Guineans practiced some form of Animism. In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population. Most of Guinea-Bissau's Muslims are of the Sunni denomination with approximately 2% belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect. Question: In the 20th century most people practiced some form of what faith? Answer: Animism. Question: What religion was adopted by the population in the early 21st century? Answer: Islam Question: What percentage of the population now practices Islam? Answer: 50% Question: What denomination are the majority of Guinea-Bissau's muslims? Answer: Sunni Question: What sect does 2% of the population belong to? Answer: Ahmadiyya
Context: The greatest strength increase due to drying is in the ultimate crushing strength, and strength at elastic limit in endwise compression; these are followed by the modulus of rupture, and stress at elastic limit in cross-bending, while the modulus of elasticity is least affected. Question: What type of "ultimate" strength is one of the two types increased the most by drying wood? Answer: crushing Question: What property of wood is least affected by drying? Answer: elasticity Question: Is strength at elastic limit in endwise compression or stress at elastic limit in cross-bending increased more by drying wood? Answer: strength at elastic limit in endwise compression Question: Is the strength of the modulus of rupture or elasticity increased more when wood is dried? Answer: modulus of rupture
Context: Loop antennas consist of a loop or coil of wire. Loops with circumference of a wavelength or larger act similarly to dipole antennas. However loops small in comparison to a wavelength act differently. They interact with the magnetic field of the radio wave instead of the electric field as other antennas do, and so are relatively insensitive to nearby electrical noise. However they have low radiation resistance, and so are inefficient for transmitting. They are used as receiving antennas at low frequencies, and also as direction finding antennas. Question: What type of antenna can be formed by a circular segment of wire? Answer: Loop antennas Question: What is a loop antenna compared with to determine its beahvior? Answer: circumference of a wavelength Question: If you needed to place an antenna somewhere with a large amount of interference, which type would be best? Answer: loops small Question: Why would this type be good for receiving but not transmtting? Answer: low radiation resistance Question: What else would be an effective application of this antenna type? Answer: direction finding
Context: Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990. Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company. Thus, until this day, Sony Music Entertainment Japan does not use the Columbia trademark for Columbia label recordings from outside Japan which are issued in Japan. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, followed by a 2008 buyout. Question: In what year did the name Sony Music Entertainment become the new name of Sony's record label? Answer: 1991 Question: In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated? Answer: 1991 Question: What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label? Answer: Japan Question: Who owns the rights to the Columbia label in Japan? Answer: Nippon Columbia Question: ABC renamed the record company SME on what date? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Renaming the company fulfilled the terms of the 1998 what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The ABC Associated label was renamed what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: China is the only country where Sony does not have the rights to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Berkman Music Group was a rightsholder from which country? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia. Question: What was the minimum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia? Answer: two Question: What are the names of the two separate Estonian languages? Answer: North and South Estonian languages Question: What are East and West Estonian languages based on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What evolved from Eastern Estonian dialect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The two waves of migration into Estonian spoke the exact same type of what language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the maximum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, or avoiding obstacles, four or more feet may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs. Question: How many legs do adult insects contain? Answer: six Question: Most adult insects have adopted what kind of gait? Answer: tripedal Question: The tripedal gait allows what kind of walking? Answer: rapid Question: Insects can adopt how many gaits? Answer: a variety Question: Insects can change their gait to deal with the loss of what? Answer: limbs
Context: In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase. Question: Who was the god of wine? Answer: Dionysus Question: In literary contexts, who represents harmony, order and reason? Answer: Apollo Question: Where did Apollo go in winter? Answer: Hyperborea
Context: Terms such as "long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP) describe multi-track records that play much longer than the single-item-per-side records, which typically do not go much past four minutes per side. An LP can play for up to 30 minutes per side, though most played for about 22 minutes per side, bringing the total playing time of a typical LP recording to about forty-five minutes. Many pre-1952 LPs, however, played for about 15 minutes per side. The 7-inch 45 rpm format normally contains one item per side but a 7-inch EP could achieve recording times of 10 to 15 minutes at the expense of attenuating and compressing the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were generally used to make available tracks not on singles including tracks on LPs albums in a smaller, less expensive format for those who had only 45 rpm players. The large center hole on 7-inch 45 rpm records allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms. The term "album", originally used to mean a "book" with liner notes, holding several 78 rpm records each in its own "page" or sleeve, no longer has any relation to the physical format: a single LP record, or nowadays more typically a compact disc. Question: What terms are used for recording with more than one track? Answer: long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP Question: What is a typical max playing time of an LP? Answer: forty-five minutes Question: Which format is cheaper, LP or EP? Answer: LPs Question: Which format held recordings ranging from 10 to 15 minutes? Answer: 7-inch EP Question: What was a normal play time per side for LPs? Answer: 22 minutes
Context: At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this meeting was to define Christian orthodoxy and clearly differentiate it from Christian heresies. The meeting reached consensus on the Nicene Creed and other statements. Later, Philostorgius criticized Christians who offered sacrifice at statues of the divus Constantine. Constantine nevertheless took great pains to assuage traditionalist and Christian anxieties. Question: What group did Constantine call to a meeting? Answer: First Council of Nicaea Question: How many bishops attended the First Council? Answer: 318 Question: From where were the bishops in attendance at the Council few in number? Answer: Western Empire Question: What was the Council of Nicaea meant to define? Answer: Christian orthodoxy Question: What agreement was reached a the Council of Nicaea ? Answer: Nicene Creed
Context: Despite losing fan favorite Grace to free agency, and the lack of production from newcomer Todd Hundley, skipper Don Baylor's Cubs put together a good season in 2001. The season started with Mack Newton being brought in to preach "positive thinking." One of the biggest stories of the season transpired as the club made a midseason deal for Fred McGriff, which was drawn out for nearly a month as McGriff debated waiving his no-trade clause, as the Cubs led the wild card race by 2.5 games in early September. That run died when Preston Wilson hit a three run walk off homer off of closer Tom "Flash" Gordon, which halted the team's momentum. The team was unable to make another serious charge, and finished at 88–74, five games behind both Houston and St. Louis, who tied for first. Sosa had perhaps his finest season and Jon Lieber led the staff with a 20 win season. Question: Who put together a good season for the Cubs in 2001? Answer: Don Baylor Question: Who was brought in to preach "positive thinking"? Answer: Mack Newton Question: Who hit a three run walk off homer off of closer Tom "Flash" Gordon? Answer: Preston Wilson
Context: Replicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to cool and harden. Once opened, the disc substrate is removed from the mold by a robotic arm, and a 15 mm diameter center hole (called a stacking ring) is created. The time it takes to "stamp" one CD is usually two to three seconds. Question: How are CDs mass produced? Answer: hydraulic press Question: What type of material is used to make CDs? Answer: raw polycarbonate plastic Question: What size is the diameter of the center hole in a CD? Answer: 15 mm Question: How long does it take to stamp out one CD? Answer: two to three seconds Question: What is the term for the center hole in a CD? Answer: stacking ring Question: How large is the screw that forces the plastic into the cavity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does it take the plastic to cool? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the robotic arm called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a hydraulic press made out of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What closes the mold? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently. Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation. With his delivery improved, the Duke opened the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, during a tour of the empire in 1927. His journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races. Question: Why did Albert fear speaking in public? Answer: his stammer Question: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking? Answer: Lionel Logue Question: What did Albert play partnered with a black man? Answer: doubles tennis Question: What did the Duke open in Australia in 1927? Answer: Parliament House Question: What was the name of the Duchess? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month did Albert visit Jamaica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month did Albert begin his tour of the empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did Albert speak at the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what country is Wembley? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem loading of sugar in C4 plants. The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has also been used to study some basic chloroplast functions. Spinach, peas, soybeans and a moss Physcomitrella patens are commonly used to study plant cell biology. Question: Why is a plant chosen for the study of its cells? Answer: small genomes Question: What mechanism can be studied through chromosome sequencing? Answer: photosynthesis Question: What simple plant has been used to study plant cells? Answer: red alga Question: What common plant has been used for studying the production of sugar? Answer: Corn
Context: In 1816, the United Kingdom annexed the islands, ruling them from the Cape Colony in South Africa. This is reported to have primarily been a measure to ensure that the French would be unable to use the islands as a base for a rescue operation to free Napoleon Bonaparte from his prison on Saint Helena. The occupation also prevented the United States from using Tristan da Cunha as a cruiser base, as it had during the War of 1812. Question: in what year did the UK annex the islands? Answer: 1816 Question: where did the UK rule the islands from? Answer: South Africa Question: In what year did the islands annex the United Kingdom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From where did the islands rule the United Kingdom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the islands annexed by Napoleon Bonaparte? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the prison of Tristan da Cunha located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prevented the US from using Napoleon Bonaparte as a cruiser base? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series. Question: When were the actors in Spectre announced? Answer: December 2014 Question: Which actor portrayed M? Answer: Ralph Fiennes Question: Which actress portrayed Eve Moneypenny? Answer: Naomie Harris Question: Which actor portrayed Q? Answer: Ben Whishaw Question: Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner? Answer: Rory Kinnear Question: How many times has Daniel Craig portrayed James Bond in films? Answer: four Question: Which actor portrays Bill Tanner? Answer: Rory Kinnear Question: Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre? Answer: Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw Question: What was revealed in December 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the main cast revealed in December 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who returned for his eighth appearance as James Bond? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Ralph who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology. In 2011, its water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services in the tens of millions of dollars. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation techniques, and a substantial agricultural modernization, drip irrigation, was invented in Israel. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling. The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, the largest in the world, was voted 'Desalination Plant of the Year' in the Global Water Awards in 2006. Israel hosts an annual Water Technology Exhibition and Conference (WaTec) that attracts thousands of people from across the world. By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water and it is expected to supply 40% by 2015 and 70% by 2050. As of May 29, 2015 more than 50 percent of the water for Israeli households, agriculture and industry is artificially produced. As a result of innovations in reverse osmosis technology, Israel is set to become a net exporter of water in the coming years. Question: How much is Israel's water technology industry worth? Answer: $2 billion a year Question: What's the largest desalination plant in the world? Answer: The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis Question: How much drinking water is produced by Israel's desalination programs? Answer: 35%
Context: John Lewis Newcastle (formerly Bainbridge) in Newcastle upon Tyne, is the world's oldest Department Store. It is still known to many of its customers as Bainbridge, despite the name change to 'John Lewis'. The Newcastle institution dates back to 1838 when Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge, aged 21, went into partnership with William Alder Dunn and opened a draper's and fashion in Market Street, Newcastle. In terms of retailing history, one of the most significant facts about the Newcastle Bainbridge shop, is that as early as 1849 weekly takings were recorded by department, making it the earliest of all department stores. This ledger survives and is kept in the John Lewis archives. John Lewis bought the Bainbridge store in 1952. Question: What is the former name of John Lewis Newcastle? Answer: Bainbridge Question: What is the world's oldest department store? Answer: John Lewis Newcastle Question: Who partnered with William Alder Dunn to open the first store? Answer: Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge Question: What was the location of the first store? Answer: Market Street, Newcastle Question: When did John Lewis purchase and take over the Bainbridge store? Answer: 1952 Question: What is the current name of John Lewis Newcastle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the world's newest department store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who partnered with William Alder Dunn to open the last store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the location of the last store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did John Lewis sell and take over the Bainbridge store? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for about two thousand years. Rural loans commonly arose as a result of unpaid obligations due to an institution (such as a temple), in this case the arrears were considered to be lent to the debtor. They were denominated in barley or other crops and the interest rate was typically much higher than for commercial loans and could amount to 1/3 to 1/2 of the loan principal. Question: What were the main types of loans in Sumerian society? Answer: Commercial credit and agricultural consumer Question: What was trade credit backed by when extended by temples? Answer: silver Question: How man shekel per mina was the interest rate for loans? Answer: one Question: For how long was the interest rate of Sumerian loans consistent? Answer: about two thousand years Question: What typically arose as a result of unpaid obligations? Answer: Rural loans Question: Who extended personal credit to citizens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was set at 1/60 a month after 2000 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who lent money to farmers to plant crops? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed] Question: During what years did the Eocene period take place? Answer: 56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago Question: Australia was connected to which other continent at the start of the Eocene? Answer: Antarctica Question: How long ago did Antarctica and Australia split? Answer: around 45 Ma Question: Around how many years ago is the current ice age pattern believed to have begun? Answer: 40 million years Question: The mixing of equatorial currents with Antarctic waters in the Eocene resulted in what? Answer: keeping global temperatures high Question: What reached their final positions during the Eocene? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Australia seperated from at the begining of the Eocene? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What pattern ended 45 million years ago Answer: Unanswerable Question: What steared warm waters towards the Artic? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation. He argues that the industry at the time was undergoing artificial expansion, what he describes as a "'perfect bubble'—a confluence of economic, political, and technological forces that drove the aggregate value of music sales to unprecedented heights at the end of the twentieth century". Question: What book did Professor Aram Sinnreich write? Answer: The Piracy Crusade Question: What did Sinnreich call the link between lower music sales and peer-to-peer sharing site? Answer: tenuous Question: What was the industry going through? Answer: artificial expansion Question: What does he call the merging of economic, political and technological forces that drove the music industry? Answer: perfect bubble Question: What book did Professor Aram Sinnreich read? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book didn't Professor Aram Sinnreich write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't Sinnreich call the link between lower music sales and peer-to-peer sharing site? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't the industry going through? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't he call the merging of economic, political and technological forces that drove the music industry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region. Question: After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? Answer: Rio de la Plata Question: Where did the spanish colonial government move to after the uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata? Answer: Montevideo Question: Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires? Answer: José Gervasio Artigas
Context: Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. Question: Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions? Answer: centuries of close contacts and exchanges Question: When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works? Answer: after the Renaissance Question: What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans? Answer: important sources of material Question: What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic? Answer: techniques Question: What would Western traditions eventually do? Answer: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions Question: Why are Arabic translation efforts pointless to Western translation traditions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Europeans begin less intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never studied Arabic and Persian translations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helped ruin Western translation traditions from Arabic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would Western traditions eventually avoid? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Both Locke and Rousseau developed social contract theories in Two Treatises of Government and Discourse on Inequality, respectively. While quite different works, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau agreed that a social contract, in which the government's authority lies in the consent of the governed, is necessary for man to live in civil society. Locke defines the state of nature as a condition in which humans are rational and follow natural law; in which all men are born equal and with the right to life, liberty and property. However, when one citizen breaks the Law of Nature, both the transgressor and the victim enter into a state of war, from which it is virtually impossible to break free. Therefore, Locke said that individuals enter into civil society to protect their natural rights via an "unbiased judge" or common authority, such as courts, to appeal to. Contrastingly, Rousseau's conception relies on the supposition that "civil man" is corrupted, while "natural man" has no want he cannot fulfill himself. Natural man is only taken out of the state of nature when the inequality associated with private property is established. Rousseau said that people join into civil society via the social contract to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom. This is embodied in the sovereignty of the general will, the moral and collective legislative body constituted by citizens. Question: What did Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau agree was necessary for a man to live in civil society? Answer: social contract Question: Which theorist wrote Two Treatises of Government? Answer: Locke Question: Who wrote Discourse on Inequality? Answer: Rousseau Question: From which state does Locke believe it is virtually improssible to break free? Answer: state of war Question: For what reason did Rousseau feel people joined into civil society? Answer: to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom
Context: The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA. Question: Which two national basketball teams play in NYC? Answer: the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks Question: New York City's women's basketball team is called what? Answer: New York Liberty Question: The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year? Answer: 1938 Question: What Women's National Basketball Association team is based in New York? Answer: New York Liberty Question: What is the name of the collegiate basketball championship that takes place in New York? Answer: National Invitation Tournament Question: In what year was the inaugural National Invitation Tournament? Answer: 1938 Question: Along with the Brooklyn Nets, what NBA team is based in New York? Answer: New York Knicks
Context: In the early 1970s the Rolling Stones developed their hard rock sound with Exile on Main St. (1972). Initially receiving mixed reviews, according to critic Steve Erlewine it is now "generally regarded as the Rolling Stones' finest album". They continued to pursue the riff-heavy sound on albums including It's Only Rock 'n' Roll (1974) and Black and Blue (1976). Led Zeppelin began to mix elements of world and folk music into their hard rock from Led Zeppelin III (1970) and Led Zeppelin IV (1971). The latter included the track "Stairway to Heaven", which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio. Deep Purple continued to define hard rock, particularly with their album Machine Head (1972), which included the tracks "Highway Star" and "Smoke on the Water". In 1975 guitarist Ritchie Blackmore left, going on to form Rainbow and after the break-up of the band the next year, vocalist David Coverdale formed Whitesnake. 1970 saw The Who release Live at Leeds, often seen as the archetypal hard rock live album, and the following year they released their highly acclaimed album Who's Next, which mixed heavy rock with extensive use of synthesizers. Subsequent albums, including Quadrophenia (1973), built on this sound before Who Are You (1978), their last album before the death of pioneering rock drummer Keith Moon later that year. Question: What was the landmark hard rock album recorded by the Rolling Stones in 1972? Answer: Exile on Main St. Question: Which Led Zeppelin album featured the hit "Stairway to Heaven"? Answer: Led Zeppelin IV Question: What two hard rock songs are featured on Deep Purple's Machine Head album? Answer: "Highway Star" and "Smoke on the Water" Question: Who was Deep Purple's guitarist? Answer: Ritchie Blackmore Question: Who was the drummer for The Who? Answer: Keith Moon Question: What Rolling Stones album got rave reviews in 1972? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said of the album Exile on Main St.; it was not the Rolling Stones finest album? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Led Zeppelin move to folk music to get away from hard rock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the song Stairway to Heaven by Deep Purple produced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did David Coverdale form the band Rainbow? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture, which first pioneered irrigation agriculture. It appears that this culture was derived from the Samarran culture from northern Mesopotamia. It is not known whether or not these were the actual Sumerians who are identified with the later Uruk culture. Eridu remained an important religious center when it was gradually surpassed in size by the nearby city of Uruk. The story of the passing of the me (gifts of civilization) to Inanna, goddess of Uruk and of love and war, by Enki, god of wisdom and chief god of Eridu, may reflect this shift in hegemony. Question: Fine quality painted pottery is a distinctive style of what period in Sumerian history? Answer: Ubaid Question: Where could the pottery be found spread throughout? Answer: Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf Question: During the Ubaid, where was the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia established? Answer: Eridu Question: What type of agriculture did the farmers settling at Eridu bring with them? Answer: irrigation Question: Who was the chief god of Eridu? Answer: Enki Question: What period was marked by a decline in Mesopotamian and Persian fine Art? Answer: Unanswerable Question: what was established at Eridu in the 53rd century BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What culture adopted and improved on irrigation agriculture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city became the new religious center after Eridu? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other reptiles stake their claim as the dominant race of the land, with species such as Dilophosaurus at the top. The first true crocodiles evolved, pushing out the large amphibians to near extinction. All-in-all, reptiles rise to rule the world. Meanwhile, the first true mammals evolve, but remained relatively small sized. Question: What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic? Answer: 200 million years to 175 million Question: What feature of the climate produced a more tropical world? Answer: more humid Question: Besides Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites, what was the other dominate species in the seas? Answer: Plesiosaurs Question: What was the highest order of species n land? Answer: Dilophosaurus Question: What other order evolved during the Jurassic? Answer: true mammals Question: What feature of the climate hindered a more tropical world Answer: Unanswerable Question: Plesiosaurs and Ichthyosaurs were mostly hunted by with competitive species? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What species saw itself at the bottom of the race hierarchy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Reptiles were a submissive species during what time period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Crocodiles were threatened by what species? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying: Question: Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station? Answer: Maadi, Egypt Question: How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres? Answer: 22,000 Question: In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived? Answer: the 1970s Question: Where was the first solar thermal power plant built? Answer: Maadi, Egypt Question: What was used to power the plants engine? Answer: parabolic troughs Question: From what river did the engine pump water? Answer: Nile River Question: What slowed down the growth of solar energy? Answer: the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil Question: When was the interest in solar energy restored? Answer: the 1970s
Context: Despite reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and some "disturbances during campaigning," including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen, foreign election monitors described the 2005 election overall as "calm and organized". Question: What was reported to be entering the country prior to the election? Answer: arms Question: What type of "disturbances" were reported during the campaign? Answer: attacks on government offices Question: How did foreign election monitors describe the election? Answer: "calm and organized" Question: What year was the election held? Answer: 2005 Question: Where the election monitors local, or foreign? Answer: foreign
Context: When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ended. These numbers constituted about 10 percent of the state's total population, and Montana again contributed one of the highest numbers of soldiers per capita of any state. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. At least 1500 Montanans died in the war. Montana also was the training ground for the First Special Service Force or "Devil's Brigade," a joint U.S-Canadian commando-style force that trained at Fort William Henry Harrison for experience in mountainous and winter conditions before deployment. Air bases were built in Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow, some of which were used as staging areas to prepare planes to be sent to allied forces in the Soviet Union. During the war, about 30 Japanese balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them. Question: How many Montanans entered the miltary in the first year of the war? Answer: 40,000-plus Question: How many Montanans joined the military in the war total? Answer: over 57,000 Question: About how many Montanans died in the war? Answer: At least 1500 Question: Who trained at the military grounds in Montana? Answer: First Special Service Force or "Devil's Brigade," Question: Where were air bases built in Montana? Answer: Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow
Context: ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was published during 1963, underwent a major revision during 1967, and experienced its most recent update during 1986. Compared to earlier telegraph codes, the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting (i.e., alphabetization) of lists, and added features for devices other than teleprinters. Question: What was ASCII developed from? Answer: telegraphic codes Question: What was the first commercial use of ASCII? Answer: a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services Question: When did work on the ASCII standard begin? Answer: October 6, 1960 Question: When was the first edition of the standard published? Answer: 1963 Question: When was the first major revision of the code done? Answer: 1967 Question: What did ASCII form a subcommittee from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first alphebetization use of ASCII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did work on the ASCII preliminary Bell code begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the first edition of the Bell code published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the final revision of the code done? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A similar struggle began in India when the Government of India Act 1919 failed to satisfy demand for independence. Concerns over communist and foreign plots following the Ghadar Conspiracy ensured that war-time strictures were renewed by the Rowlatt Acts. This led to tension, particularly in the Punjab region, where repressive measures culminated in the Amritsar Massacre. In Britain public opinion was divided over the morality of the event, between those who saw it as having saved India from anarchy, and those who viewed it with revulsion. The subsequent Non-Co-Operation movement was called off in March 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident, and discontent continued to simmer for the next 25 years. Question: When was the Government of India Act passed? Answer: 1919 Question: What event stoked fears of communist plots in India? Answer: the Ghadar Conspiracy Question: In what region was the Amritsar Massacre? Answer: Punjab Question: The Chauri Chaura incident led to the end of what movement? Answer: Non-Co-Operation
Context: Feathers being critical to the survival of a bird, require maintenance. Apart from physical wear and tear, feathers face the onslaught of fungi, ectoparasitic feather mites and birdlice. The physical condition of feathers are maintained by preening often with the application of secretions from the preen gland. Birds also bathe in water or dust themselves. While some birds dip into shallow water, more aerial species may make aerial dips into water and arboreal species often make use of dew or rain that collect on leaves. Birds of arid regions make use of loose soil to dust-bathe. A behaviour termed as anting in which the bird encourages ants to run through their plumage is also thought to help them reduce the ectoparasite load in feathers. Many species will spread out their wings and expose them to direct sunlight and this too is thought to help in reducing fungal and ectoparasitic activity that may lead to feather damage. Question: Birds preen often with the application of secretions from which gland? Answer: preen gland Question: What do birds bathe in? Answer: water or dust Question: What is anting? Answer: bird encourages ants to run through their plumage Question: What is it called when birds encourage ants to run through their plumage? Answer: anting
Context: Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. Question: Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830? Answer: George I, George II, George III, and George IV Question: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as? Answer: Colonial Revival Question: Between what years was Georgian architecture in style? Answer: between 1714 and 1830 Question: What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture. Answer: Neo-Georgian Question: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830? Answer: House of Hanover Question: What type of architecture was current before 1714? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the 19th century revival in Great Britian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the American term Georgian restricted to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Better acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls "a backwards-looking admiration for antiquity", in which Platonism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian concentration on the observable properties of the physical world. But Renaissance humanists, who considered themselves as restoring the glory and nobility of antiquity, had no interest in scientific innovation. However, by the mid-to-late 16th century, even the universities, though still dominated by Scholasticism, began to demand that Aristotle be read in accurate texts edited according to the principles of Renaissance philology, thus setting the stage for Galileo's quarrels with the outmoded habits of Scholasticism. Question: Closer examination of what information allowed for further progress in scientific knowledge? Answer: technical writings Question: Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was not the way to mover forward? Answer: A. C. Crombie Question: What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject unimportant? Answer: Renaissance humanists Question: When did even the scholars and professors began to at least end to examine the works of Aristotle? Answer: 16th century, Question: What information allowed for less progress in scientific knowledge? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was the best way to move forward? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject too important? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was always interested in scientific innovation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was forbidden to develop science? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism. Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks. He completed his series of ascents in 1911. Question: When was Mont Blanc first climbed? Answer: 1786 Question: When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber? Answer: first half of the 19th century Question: When was the ascent of the Matterhorn? Answer: 1865 Question: What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark? Answer: the end of the golden age of alpinism Question: Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks? Answer: Karl Blodig
Context: Around 1200 BC, the Dorians, another Greek-speaking people, followed from Epirus. Traditionally, historians have believed that the Dorian invasion caused the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, but it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC. The Dorian invasion was followed by a poorly attested period of migrations, appropriately called the Greek Dark Ages, but by 800 BC the landscape of Archaic and Classical Greece was discernible. Question: What group of people came with others who left the geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now a mutual region between Greece and Albania ? Answer: the Dorians Question: When did these groups make the migration ? Answer: Around 1200 BC Question: What civilization is the group credited with putting an end to ? Answer: the Mycenaean civilization, Question: Is it believed that they truly are responsible in full for the collapse ? Answer: it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples) Question: What areas were being explored by others in by sea faring vessels and when are they believed to have arrived ? Answer: seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC Question: Where did the Mycenaean's originiate from in 1200 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What civilization did the Mycenaean invastion cause to collapse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what time were the Mycenaeans considered raiders that dominated the Mediterranean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the period of time called when the Mycenaeans were considered sea raiders? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country was most affected by the Mycenaean raids in 800 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group of people never came with others who left the geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now a mutual region between Greece and Albania ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When didn't these groups make the migration ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What civilization is the group credited with starting ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Is it believed that they truly aren't responsible in full for the collapse ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas weren't being explored by others in by sea faring vessels and when are they believed to have arrived ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group of people came with others who left the geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now a mutual region between England and Albania ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did these groups reject the migration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What civilization is the group credited with starting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Is it believed that they truly aren't responsible in full for the collapse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas were being explored by others in by sea faring vessels and when are they believed to have left? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction except in cases involving states and cases affecting foreign ambassadors, ministers or consuls. Question: Who can limit judicial review of a law? Answer: Congress Question: Who's judicial power does congress have the right to limit? Answer: the Supreme Court Question: Who lacks the ability to review the constitutionality of laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who lacks the power to set the jurisdiction of courts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Supreme court has power to set jurisdiction of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has the ability to determine whether a Supreme Court is constitutional or not? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The only constitutional limit on the Supreme Court's power to set jurisdiction relates to which body? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation." The U.S. Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Question: In what year did the Endangered Species Act become law? Answer: 1973 Question: Which president signed the Act into law? Answer: Richard Nixon Question: Which two federal agencies administer the Act? Answer: the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Question: On what day was the Endangered Species Act signed? Answer: December 28 Question: What did the Supreme Court cite as the intent of Congress in enacting the Endangered Species Act? Answer: to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost Question: When was CITES created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Supreme Court sign into law in the 1970s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the President of the FWS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What day did the Supreme Court rule on ESA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled on which agencies would administer the act? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement. With this end in view, Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought. One humanist, the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho (1355–1452), based in Mystras, Greece (but in contact with humanists in Florence, Venice, and Rome) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism. Question: What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all? Answer: the Jewish Kabbalah Question: Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds? Answer: era of universal agreement Question: What cities may have influenced the beliefs of Gemistus Pleto? Answer: Florence, Venice, and Rome Question: What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a war between all? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think inside the box? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What cities may have influenced the fashion of Gemistus Pleto? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who denounced being a humanist in 1357? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on. Thus the term "physicalism" is preferred over "materialism" by some, while others use the terms as if they are synonymous. Question: What are some examples of philosophical physicalism? Answer: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter Question: Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what? Answer: Materialism Question: What is the definition of non-physicalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the definition of non-materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has devolved from materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is not preferred over materialism? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of its sections (Corinthians, Thessalonians, Philippians, Revelation of St. John of Patmos) attest to the importance of churches in Greece in early Christianity. Nevertheless, much of Greece clung tenaciously to paganism, and ancient Greek religious practices were still in vogue in the late 4th century AD, when they were outlawed by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 391-392. The last recorded Olympic games were held in 393, and many temples were destroyed or damaged in the century that followed. In Athens and rural areas, paganism is attested well into the sixth century AD and even later. The closure of the Neoplatonic Academy of Athens by the emperor Justinian in 529 is considered by many to mark the end of antiquity, although there is evidence that the Academy continued its activities for some time after that. Some remote areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remained pagan until well into the 10th century AD. Question: In what language was the first book of the Bible conceived? Answer: Greek Question: What religion did early Greece practice? Answer: paganism Question: The Olympics were last held in ancient Greece in what year? Answer: 393 Question: Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor? Answer: Theodosius I Question: Which Emperor closed the school in Athens? Answer: Justinian
Context: Historical interpretations of John have been subject to considerable change over the years. Medieval chroniclers provided the first contemporary, or near contemporary, histories of John's reign. One group of chroniclers wrote early in John's life, or around the time of his accession, including Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto. These historians were generally unsympathetic to John's behaviour under Richard's rule, but slightly more positive towards the very earliest years of John's reign. Reliable accounts of the middle and later parts of John's reign are more limited, with Gervase of Canterbury and Ralph of Coggeshall writing the main accounts; neither of them were positive about John's performance as king. Much of John's later, negative reputation was established by two chroniclers writing after the king's death, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, the latter claiming that John attempted conversion to Islam in exchange for military aid from the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir - a story which is considered to be untrue by modern historians. Question: Which historians wrote early in John's life? Answer: Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto Question: How did historians feel about John's behavior under Richard's rule? Answer: unsympathetic Question: John attempted conversion of what in exchange for military aid? Answer: Islam
Context: USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 OUT), though it's rare to have so many. An endpoint is defined and numbered by the device during initialization (the period after physical connection called "enumeration") and so is relatively permanent, whereas a pipe may be opened and closed. Question: What is a pipe? Answer: a connection from the host controller to a logical entity Question: A USB connection is based on what? Answer: pipes (logical channels) Question: What is a pipe named at? Answer: an endpoint Question: Where do pipes correspond? Answer: 1-to-1 to endpoints Question: How many endpoints can a USB device have? Answer: up to 32 endpoints
Context: Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children. Question: How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back Answer: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) Question: What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide Answer: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. Question: What was built along the Rhine Answer: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine Question: How many soldiers did the fortress hold Answer: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers Question: Who settled near the fort Answer: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children Question: What area area was first settled in the Stone Age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What area was first inhabited during the Bronze age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was first built in 50 BCE Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was built to expand the borders durng the reign of Claudius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the soldiers and their wives housed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate this layer, then the next layers would come from the surface-to-air missiles carried by the carrier's escorts; the area-defence missiles, such as the RIM-67 Standard, with a range of up to 100 nmi, and the point-defence missiles, like the RIM-162 ESSM, with a range of up to 30 nmi. Finally, virtually every modern warship will be fitted with small-calibre guns, including a CIWS, which is usually a radar-controlled Gatling gun of between 20mm and 30mm calibre capable of firing several thousand rounds per minute. Question: Air defence in such places as a carrier group are built around what? Answer: a system of concentric layers Question: What protects the outer layer? Answer: AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP Question: The next layer's surface-to-air missiles are carried by what? Answer: the carrier's escorts Question: What is the range in nautical miles of the RIM-67 Standard? Answer: 100 Question: What is the rate of fire for a radar-controlled Gatling gun of 20 and 30 millimeter? Answer: several thousand rounds per minute
Context: The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22). Question: Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries? Answer: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Question: What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war? Answer: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Question: When did the russian civil war take place? Answer: 1917–22 Question: Lenin never acknowledged the independence of which countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Lenin acknowledged the dependence of which countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the second world war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What agreement gave Germany no of Russia in the first world war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the russian civil war not take place? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature. Eight Vice-Presidents serve under the President, as well as a cabinet of twenty-two ministers, who must all be approved by the legislature. Question: In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader? Answer: the Supreme Leader Question: Who exercises exective powers in Iran? Answer: The President Question: The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who? Answer: The President Question: How many Vice-Presidents serve under the President in Iran? Answer: Eight Question: The legislature approves the 8 vice presidents and how many cabinet members? Answer: twenty-two
Context: Some other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inferiority, while the active role is typically associated with masculinity and/or superiority. For example, an investigation of a small Brazilian fishing village revealed three sexual categories for men: men who have sex only with men (consistently in a passive role), men who have sex only with women, and men who have sex with women and men (consistently in an active role). While men who consistently occupied the passive role were recognized as a distinct group by locals, men who have sex with only women, and men who have sex with women and men, were not differentiated. Little is known about same-sex attracted females, or sexual behavior between females in these cultures. Question: What is a common way to determine a persons sexuality? Answer: according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated) Question: When deteerming sexual preference this way what is the passive role associated with? Answer: femininity and/or inferiority Question: When determining sexual preference this way what is the active role associated with? Answer: masculinity and/or superiority Question: How much is known about lesbians and bisexual women in these cultures? Answer: Little
Context: The nation's canonical folk songs, known as "Songs of the Land of Israel," deal with the experiences of the pioneers in building the Jewish homeland. The Hora circle dance introduced by early Jewish settlers was originally popular in the Kibbutzim and outlying communities. It became a symbol of the Zionist reconstruction and of the ability to experience joy amidst austerity. It now plays a significant role in modern Israeli folk dancing and is regularly performed at weddings and other celebrations, and in group dances throughout Israel.[citation needed] Modern dance in Israel is a flourishing field, and several Israeli choreographers such as Ohad Naharin, Rami Beer, Barak Marshall and many others, are considered[by whom?] to be among the most versatile and original international creators working today. Famous Israeli companies include the Batsheva Dance Company and the Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company.[citation needed] Question: What the nation's canonical folk songs known as? Answer: Songs of the Land of Israel Question: What became a symbol of the Zionist reconstruction? Answer: Hora circle dance Question: What's a flourishing field in Israel? Answer: Modern dance
Context: Ireland has an "Institute of Technology" system, formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The terms "IT" and "IT's" are now widely used to describe an Institute(s) of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and post-graduate level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an Institute of Technology also offers sub-degree programmes such as 2-year Higher Certificate programme in various academic fields of study. Some institutions have "delegated authority" that allows them to make awards in their own name, after authorisation by the Higher Education & Training Awards Council. Question: What was the original name of Ireland's Institute of Technology system? Answer: Regional Technical College
Context: Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m). In Maine several peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Mount Katahdin at 5,267 feet (1,605 m). In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m). In the Green Mountains the highest point, Mt. Mansfield, is 4,393 ft (1,339 m) in elevation; others include Killington Peak at 4,226 ft (1,288 m), Camel's Hump at 4,083 ft (1,244 m), Mt. Abraham at 4,006 ft (1,221 m), and a number of other heights exceeding 3,000 ft (900 m). Question: How tall are the mountains in Newfoundland? Answer: 3,000 ft Question: How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia? Answer: vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft Question: How tall are the mountains in Maine? Answer: exceed 4,000 ft Question: How tall are the mountains in New Hampshire? Answer: many summits rise above 5,000 ft Question: How tall are the isolated peaks in Notre Dame? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the 5,267ft peak in Nova Scotia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the smallest summit in the New Hampshire range? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state are the Green Mountains located in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the mountain range in Maine? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city grew as the population did, coming up against the lake's waters. As the depth of the lake water fluctuated, Mexico City was subject to periodic flooding. A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Floods were not only an inconvenience but also a health hazard, since during flood periods human waste polluted the city's streets. By draining the area, the mosquito population dropped as did the frequency of the diseases they spread. However, draining the wetlands also changed the habitat for fish and birds and the areas accessible for Indian cultivation close to the capital. Question: What was the labor draft called? Answer: the desagüe Question: Who helped build infrastructure around the lake? Answer: Indians Question: What was the main problem with being so close to the lake? Answer: flooding Question: What was a negative of regulating the lake's water height? Answer: changed the habitat for fish and birds Question: How many Indians helped build the infrastructure? Answer: thousands
Context: The Ann Arbor News, owned by the Michigan-based Booth Newspapers chain, is the major daily newspaper serving Ann Arbor and the rest of Washtenaw County. The newspaper ended its 174-year print run in 2009, due to economic difficulties. It was replaced by AnnArbor.com, but returned to a limited print publication under its former name in 2013. Another Ann Arbor-based publication that has ceased production was the Ann Arbor Paper, a free monthly. Ann Arbor has been said to be the first significant city to lose its only daily paper. The Ann Arbor Chronicle, an online newspaper, covered local news, including meetings of the library board, county commission, and DDA until September 3, 2014. Question: Who owns Ann Arbor news? Answer: Booth Newspapers Question: When did the Ann Arbor news end its print? Answer: 2009 Question: Which was the only city in the US to loose its only daily paper? Answer: Ann Arbor Question: What newspaper ran for 147 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What online newspaper stopped printing in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What newspaper covered local news until September 13, 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Ann Arbor Paper start a limited print publication? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call "vacuum" or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum. Question: The word Vacuum stems from what Latin adjective? Answer: vacuus Question: What does the term used by Physicists, partial vacuum, refer to? Answer: imperfect vacuum Question: What is a vacuum? Answer: space void of matter Question: What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum? Answer: gaseous Question: What Latin term is used to describe an object in a vacuum? Answer: in vacuo Question: What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the definition of atmospheric pressure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do physicists often discuss will occur in a certain atmospheric pressure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the term partial atmospheric pressure refer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What latin term is used to describe an object under atmospheric pressure? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa. Question: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962? Answer: Emperor Haile Selassie Question: What does the acroynm ELF stand for? Answer: Eritrean Liberation Front Question: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed? Answer: ELF Question: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last? Answer: 30 years Question: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front? Answer: EPLF Question: In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the ELF collapse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of one of the Ethiopian rebel forces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the capital of Eritrea? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city was ELF headquartered? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to Tabatabaei, there are acceptable and unacceptable esoteric interpretations. Acceptable ta'wil refers to the meaning of a verse beyond its literal meaning; rather the implicit meaning, which ultimately is known only to God and can't be comprehended directly through human thought alone. The verses in question here refer to the human qualities of coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sorrow, which are apparently attributed to God. Unacceptable ta'wil is where one "transfers" the apparent meaning of a verse to a different meaning by means of a proof; this method is not without obvious inconsistencies. Although this unacceptable ta'wil has gained considerable acceptance, it is incorrect and cannot be applied to the Quranic verses. The correct interpretation is that reality a verse refers to. It is found in all verses, the decisive and the ambiguous alike; it is not a sort of a meaning of the word; it is a fact that is too sublime for words. God has dressed them with words to bring them a bit nearer to our minds; in this respect they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind, and thus help the hearer to clearly grasp the intended idea. Question: What are the two type of ta'wil? Answer: acceptable and unacceptable Question: Which type of esoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning? Answer: Unacceptable Question: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil? Answer: Acceptable Question: What are the three type of ta'wil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aren't the two type of ta'wil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which type of esoteric misinterpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which type of unesoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The explicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection. Question: Hormuud Telecom launched what service in 2012? Answer: Tri-Band 3G Question: Who was the 3G service for? Answer: internet and mobile clients Question: what type of connection was the first of its kind in Somalia? Answer: Tri-Band 3G Question: What type of connection does Tri-Band 3G offer its customers? Answer: faster and more secure Question: what does 3G stand for? Answer: third generation Question: When was the first generation mobile telecommunications released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Somalia's first mobile service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Tri-Band stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Hormuud Telecom founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who owns Hormuud Telecom? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is no natural source for green food colorings which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Chlorophyll, the E numbers E140 and E141, is the most common green chemical found in nature, and only allowed in certain medicines and cosmetic materials. Quinoline Yellow (E104) is a commonly used coloring in the United Kingdom but is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway and the United States. Green S (E142) is prohibited in many countries, for it is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia. Question: Which green food coloring is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia? Answer: Green S (E142) Question: What is a commonly used food coloring in the United Kingdom that is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway, and the United States? Answer: Quinoline Yellow Question: What is the most common green chemical found in nature? Answer: Chlorophyll Question: Which two E numbers have been approved by the FDA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Green S is used in what country but not the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the side effects of Quinoline Yellow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the green chemical the UK allows? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What administration approved the use of E140 as a food dye? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities). in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems. In the late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land, but by the Christianisation, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined. Later on, in order to further strengthen Armenian national identity, Mesrop Mashtots invented the Armenian alphabet, in 405 AD. This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils. Armenia lost its sovereignty again in 428 AD to the rivalling Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires, until the Muslim conquest of Persia overran also the regions in which Armenians lived. Question: What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion? Answer: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia Question: What religion was Armenian paganism influenced by? Answer: Zoroastrianism Question: When did Armenia make Christianity its official religion? Answer: AD 301 Question: Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion? Answer: in defiance of the Sassanids Question: Who invented the Armenian alphabet? Answer: Mesrop Mashtots Question: What did the Arsacid Kingdom invent in 405 AD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first country to officially acopt Sassanids as its religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What religion formerly existed in the Greco-Roman empire in 405 AD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Greco-Roman empire officially adopt Christianity as its religion? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England. Question: What does chansons de geste mean in English? Answer: songs of great deeds Question: Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste? Answer: The Song of Hildebrand Question: Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae? Answer: Geoffrey of Monmouth Question: What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae? Answer: Arthur Question: Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris? Answer: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa
Context: Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem. It has also been shown that the promise of ACLs of giving access to an object to only one person can never be guaranteed in practice. Both of these problems are resolved by capabilities. This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed] Question: What does ACL stand for? Answer: access control lists Question: ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what? Answer: enforcing privilege separation Question: A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what? Answer: the confused deputy problem Question: The confused deputy problem and the problem of not guaranteeing only one person has access are resolved by what? Answer: capabilities Question: What must designers of systems that are ACL based do? Answer: take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws Question: What has using ACLs to confine programs proven? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can a computer with ACL be tricked? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two models in computer systems enforce privilege separation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Can an ACLs limit access to one person? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the total number of security models in a computer system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is an ACL most secure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prevents ACLs from giving access to only one person? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do ACLs promise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not responsible for the flaws in an ACL system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers. Question: What is used to haul passengers cars? Answer: electric locomotives Question: How is electricity being generated for electric locomotives? Answer: generating stations Question: What entity provides distribution lines, switches and transformers? Answer: railway Question: Which railways haul passengers and freight in the same cars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is typically generated in small generating stations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: All electric railways have their own dedicated what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Very few purchase power from whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is generated in relatively inefficient stations? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement. Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Advertisements produced by independent organizations usually included the statement, "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement", and from September 3 (60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name. Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen. Question: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements?? Answer: required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement Question: What was disallowed in advertising during the two months prior to the general election? Answer: 60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name Question: Official advertisements generally contained what phrase? Answer: "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Question: Independent advertisements generally contained what phrase? Answer: "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement" Question: What was the tag line requirement before? Answer: Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen. Question: What were candidates required to identify when speaking at a supporters business? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did supporters have to refer to 60 days before an election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not mentioning candidates names before an election help the public differentiate between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What method was used to disclose candidate funding when a candidate gave a speech in the past? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were required to include who was involved in choosing a candidate for office? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jim Foster, a promotions manager with the National Football League, conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981. While at the game, he wrote his idea on a 9x12 envelope, with sketches of the field and notes on gameplay. He presented the idea to a few friends at the NFL offices, where he received praise and encouragement for his concept. After solidifying the rules and a business plan, and supplemented with sketches by a professional artist, Foster presented his idea to various television networks. He reached an agreement with NBC for a "test game". Question: Who was Jim Foster's employer prior to his founding the Arena Football League? Answer: the National Football League Question: What was Jim Foster viewing when he came up with the idea for arena football? Answer: an indoor soccer match Question: Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football? Answer: Madison Square Garden Question: In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football? Answer: 1981 Question: What television network agreed to broadcast an arena football test game? Answer: NBC
Context: Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is George Fergusson; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012. There is also a Deputy Governor (currently David Arkley JP). Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance; its Parliament is the fifth oldest in the world, behind the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Tynwald of the Isle of Man, the Althing of Iceland, and Sejm of Poland. Of these, only Bermuda's and the Isle of Man's Tynwald have been in continuous existence since 1620. Question: The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom? Answer: the monarch Question: Who appoints the Governor of Bermuda? Answer: the Queen on the advice of the British Government. Question: Who is currently the governor of Bermuda? Answer: George Fergusson Question: Who is responsible for defence and foreign affairs? Answer: United Kingdom Question: What is Bermuda officially classified as? Answer: British Overseas Territory Question: Who exercises executive authority on behalf of the Governor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the Queen appointed by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What title does George Arkely currently hold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What title does David Fergusson currently hold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1602? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The political situation in England rapidly began to deteriorate. Longchamp refused to work with Puiset and became unpopular with the English nobility and clergy. John exploited this unpopularity to set himself up as an alternative ruler with his own royal court, complete with his own justiciar, chancellor and other royal posts, and was happy to be portrayed as an alternative regent, and possibly the next king. Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive. At this point Walter of Coutances, the Archbishop of Rouen, returned to England, having been sent by Richard to restore order. John's position was undermined by Walter's relative popularity and by the news that Richard had married whilst in Cyprus, which presented the possibility that Richard would have legitimate children and heirs. Question: Who refused to work with Puiset? Answer: Longchamp Question: When was Longchamp isolated in the Tower of London? Answer: October 1191 Question: Where did Walter of Coutances return to? Answer: England
Context: Predators are often another organism's prey, and likewise prey are often predators. Though blue jays prey on insects, they may in turn be prey for cats and snakes, and snakes may be the prey of hawks. One way of classifying predators is by trophic level. Organisms that feed on autotrophs, the producers of the trophic pyramid, are known as herbivores or primary consumers; those that feed on heterotrophs such as animals are known as secondary consumers. Secondary consumers are a type of carnivore, but there are also tertiary consumers eating these carnivores, quartary consumers eating them, and so forth. Because only a fraction of energy is passed on to the next level, this hierarchy of predation must end somewhere, and very seldom goes higher than five or six levels, and may go only as high as three trophic levels (for example, a lion that preys upon large herbivores such as wildebeest, which in turn eat grasses). A predator at the top of any food chain (that is, one that is preyed upon by no organism) is called an apex predator; examples include the orca, sperm whale, anaconda, Komodo dragon, tiger, lion, tiger shark, Nile crocodile, and most eagles and owls—and even omnivorous humans and grizzly bears. An apex predator in one environment may not retain this position as a top predator if introduced to another habitat, such as a dog among alligators, a skunk in the presence of the great horned owl immune to skunk spray, or a snapping turtle among jaguars; a predatory species introduced into an area where it faces no predators, such as a domestic cat or a dog in some insular environments, can become an apex predator by default. Question: What is the the strata of predator prey interaction called? Answer: trophic level Question: What is the top predator in an environment called? Answer: apex predator Question: When a new apex predator moves into an area this changes. Answer: trophic pyramid Question: What limits the size of a trophic pyramid? Answer: energy Question: Which organisms are known as primary consumers? Answer: Organisms that feed on autotrophs Question: What makes an organism a secondary consumer? Answer: feed on heterotrophs Question: What is an organism at the top of the food chain called? Answer: apex predator Question: How many levels does a predatory pyramid or heirarchy typically climb? Answer: five or six levels Question: In what pyramid position is an organism not preyed upon by any other predators? Answer: the top Question: By what level is prey classified? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many levels does the classifying of prey usually go? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to their position when prey is introduced into another habitat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an autotroph called when its on top of the food chain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when you put autotrophs in an area without prey? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel "to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people." Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public. A new teaching with documents website premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The website features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. The site also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons. Question: Which Google affiliated website did the National Archives decide to use in 2009? Answer: YouTube Question: What purpose does the National Archive YouTube channel serve? Answer: showcase popular archived films Question: What online service did the National Archives decide to use to showcase its photographic holdings? Answer: Flickr Question: The National Archives' educational team created a website in what year? Answer: 2010 Question: On what date did YouTube begin showing videos online? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many images are stored on the Flickr website at one time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was the YouTube site first launched in 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What website was created in 2009 that was developed by the public? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was featured on Flickr in June 2009 for creating classroom activities and lessons? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantius Chlorus, the father of Constantine I. Diocletian's successor Galerius maintained anti-Christian policy until his deathbed revocation in 311, when he asked Christians to pray for him. "This meant an ofﬁcial recognition of their importance in the religious world of the Roman empire, although one of the tetrarchs, Maximinus Daia, still oppressed Christians in his part of the empire up to 313." Question: How were the Roman edicts handled in some areas? Answer: strictly enforced Question: In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians? Answer: imprisoned or martyred Question: What were some Christian communities? Answer: powerful and influential Question: What were some provincial governors in enforcement of the Roman edicts? Answer: lenient Question: When did Galerius revoke the anti-Christian policies? Answer: 311
Context: On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists attacked the town from the mainland side, as the British had hoped they would do. Col. Moultrie's men returned fire and inflicted heavy damage on several of the British ships. The British were forced to withdraw their forces, and the Americans renamed the defensive installation as Fort Moultrie in honor of its commander. Question: Which general tried to seize Charles Town during the American Revolution? Answer: General Sir Henry Clinton Question: When did General Clinton attack South Carolina? Answer: June 28, 1776 Question: Who was the commander of the American forces defending South Carolina? Answer: Col. Moultrie Question: What was the British hoping to inspire by their attack on Charles Town? Answer: a simultaneous Loyalist uprising Question: Fort Sullivan was renamed what after the battle? Answer: Fort Moultrie Question: Which general tried to seize Charles Town before the American Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did General Clinton attack North Carolina? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the commander of the American forces defending North Carolina? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the British hoping to inspire by their defense of Charles Town? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: IBM started working on a prototype system loosely based on Codd's concepts as System R in the early 1970s. The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a single large "chunk". Subsequent multi-user versions were tested by customers in 1978 and 1979, by which time a standardized query language – SQL[citation needed] – had been added. Codd's ideas were establishing themselves as both workable and superior to CODASYL, pushing IBM to develop a true production version of System R, known as SQL/DS, and, later, Database 2 (DB2). Question: What is the system IBM created using Codd's research? Answer: System R Question: When was IBM's system released? Answer: 1974/5 Question: What did System R work on to change the way data was stored? Answer: multi-table systems Question: When customers first tested IBM's system, what computer language had been added? Answer: SQL Question: What was the name of the database product created by IBM? Answer: SQL/DS, and, later, Database 2 (DB2) Question: What is the system IBM lost using Codd's research? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was IBM's system stolen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did System R avoid to change the way data was stored? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When customers first tested IBM's system, what computer language had been removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the database product created by IBN? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization. An estimated 1.9 percent of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 85–91 percent of Mali's girls and women have had female genital mutilation (2006 and 2001 data). Question: What are the two main prevalent infectious diseases of Mali? Answer: cholera and tuberculosis Question: what arthropod born disease has plagued the nation? Answer: Malaria Question: According to the data from 2001 to 2006 what percent of female genitalia are mutilated? Answer: 85–91 Question: What Sexually transmitted disease afflicts roughly 1.9 percent of the population? Answer: HIV/AIDS Question: Malians suffer from malnutrition and low rates of what type of medical need? Answer: immunization Question: Where are there adequate medical facilities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of diseases are now where in Mali? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was less than 85% of girls and women mutilated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What disease is rare among children? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when she was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all 'Men' born of woman" since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that she was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for her purification at the Annunciation, grants her the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding her absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from her Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann. Question: Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ? Answer: Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians Question: What Byzantine Ruler ho ruled from from 527 to 565 was also a well trained thinker of concepts ? Answer: Emperor Justinian I, Question: In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary in his writings ? Answer: to call Mary "prepurified" Question: What event happened to Theotokos that was of significant religious note ? Answer: she was "purified" at the Annunciation Question: How did some view the the person whose name includes a Christian rite of passage from the Bible? Answer: holier than all 'Men' born of woman Question: What doctrine appeared first among the Latin theologies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose teachings did Emperor Justinian I augment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who says that Mary was not immaculate at the Annunciation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said that Mary had the honor of being the first to purify the waters of baptism by touching them? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What uses Mary's absolute holiness is a key for understanding her pre-purification? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The words of the comic playwright P. Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical form from the Greeks, but needed the pragmatic muscles of Rome in order to become a practical reality. The influence of Terence's felicitous phrase on Roman thinking about human rights can hardly be overestimated. Two hundred years later Seneca ended his seminal exposition of the unity of humankind with a clarion-call: Question: What author had a great impact in Rome? Answer: P. Terentius Afer Question: Who was able to spread the idea of equality among all through his words? Answer: Terence Question: From where did this school of thought emerge? Answer: the Greeks Question: Who again issued the same type of challenge centuries later Answer: Seneca Question: What was the name of the main belief Terence offered Answer: universalism Question: What author had little impact in Rome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was able to spread the idea of equality among all without any words? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the main belief Terence avoided? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was no school of thought taken seriously? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of 2000[update], there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Question: How many pupils lived in another municipality? Answer: 9,045 Question: How many pupils attended school outside of the city? Answer: 1,185
Context: Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has been estimated that visual processing areas occupy more than half of the total surface of the primate neocortex. The prefrontal cortex carries out functions that include planning, working memory, motivation, attention, and executive control. It takes up a much larger proportion of the brain for primates than for other species, and an especially large fraction of the human brain. Question: Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas? Answer: 30 Question: The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates? Answer: more than half Question: Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area? Answer: prefrontal cortex Question: The prefrontal cortex is the largest in what animals? Answer: primates
Context: The Oklahoma City National Memorial in the northern part of Oklahoma City's downtown was created as the inscription on its eastern gate of the Memorial reads, "to honor the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were changed forever on April 19, 1995"; the memorial was built on the land formerly occupied by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building complex prior to its 1995 bombing. The outdoor Symbolic Memorial can be visited 24 hours a day for free, and the adjacent Memorial Museum, located in the former Journal Record building damaged by the bombing, can be entered for a small fee. The site is also home to the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a non-partisan, nonprofit think tank devoted to the prevention of terrorism. Question: What is the name of Oklahoma Cities memorial? Answer: The Oklahoma City National Memorial Question: What institute is located near the Oklahoma City National Memorial? Answer: Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism
Context: Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks are considered white. Some scholars disagree, arguing that "whitening" of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, a large part of the population known as pardo, but a person perceived as preto (black) will continue to be classified as black regardless of wealth or social status. Question: What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil? Answer: lighter skin Question: What are poor whites considered in Brazil? Answer: black Question: What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil? Answer: white Question: What does Preto mean? Answer: (black)
Context: After the band's six-night stand at New York's Uris Theatre in May 1974, Brian May collapsed and was diagnosed as having hepatitis. While recuperating, May was initially absent when the band started work on their third album, but he returned midway through the recording process. Released in 1974, Sheer Heart Attack reached number two in the United Kingdom, sold well throughout Europe, and went gold in the United States. It gave the band their first real experience of international success, and was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic. The album experimented with a variety of musical genres, including British music hall, heavy metal, ballads, ragtime, and Caribbean. At this point, Queen started to move away from the progressive tendencies of their first two releases into a more radio-friendly, song-orientated style. Sheer Heart Attack introduced new sound and melody patterns that would be refined on their next album, A Night at the Opera. Question: What was Brian May diagnosed with after collapsing in 1974? Answer: hepatitis Question: What was the name of Queen's third album? Answer: Sheer Heart Attack Question: What Queen album was released after Sheer Heart Attack? Answer: A Night at the Opera Question: Queen's Sheer Heart Attack reached what number on the United Kingdom charts? Answer: two Question: What was the name of the venue where Brian May collapsed? Answer: New York's Uris Theatre
Context: Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system. Question: Which forest is the largest national forest in the US? Answer: Tongass National Forest Question: Which city was Alaska's former capital? Answer: Sitka Question: What is the area closest to the continental US called? Answer: Panhandle or Inside Passage Question: Where did most settlement occur after the Louisiana Purchase? Answer: Panhandle or Inside Passage Question: Which forest is the smallest national forest in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which forest is the largest national forest in the UN? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which city was Alaska's current capital? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the area farthest to the continental US called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did least settlement occur after the Louisiana Purchase? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many early discs had poorly mastered analog audio tracks, making digital soundtracks in any form most desirable to serious enthusiasts. Early DiscoVision and LaserDisc titles lacked the digital audio option, but many of those movies received digital sound in later re-issues by Universal, and the quality of analog audio tracks generally got far better as time went on. Many discs that had originally carried old analog stereo tracks received new Dolby Stereo and Dolby Surround tracks instead, often in addition to digital tracks, helping boost sound quality. Later analog discs also applied CX Noise Reduction, which improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio. Question: Was sound quality from disc to disc and between players consistent or varied? Answer: varied greatly Question: Was analog or digital formatting more popular with enthusiasts? Answer: digital Question: What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? Answer: improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio Question: Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies? Answer: Universal
Context: The meaning and origin of many archaic festivals baffled even Rome's intellectual elite, but the more obscure they were, the greater the opportunity for reinvention and reinterpretation — a fact lost neither on Augustus in his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival as mythmaker of the era, Ovid. In his Fasti, a long-form poem covering Roman holidays from January to June, Ovid presents a unique look at Roman antiquarian lore, popular customs, and religious practice that is by turns imaginative, entertaining, high-minded, and scurrilous; not a priestly account, despite the speaker's pose as a vates or inspired poet-prophet, but a work of description, imagination and poetic etymology that reflects the broad humor and burlesque spirit of such venerable festivals as the Saturnalia, Consualia, and feast of Anna Perenna on the Ides of March, where Ovid treats the assassination of the newly deified Julius Caesar as utterly incidental to the festivities among the Roman people. But official calendars preserved from different times and places also show a flexibility in omitting or expanding events, indicating that there was no single static and authoritative calendar of required observances. In the later Empire under Christian rule, the new Christian festivals were incorporated into the existing framework of the Roman calendar, alongside at least some of the traditional festivals. Question: What did obscure festivals offer Romans the opportunity to do? Answer: reinterpretation Question: What did Augustus wish to do for Roman religion? Answer: reform Question: What poet wrote a long poem describing Roman religious holidays? Answer: Ovid Question: What was lacking in the presentation of religious events in Rome? Answer: authoritative calendar Question: Under whose rule were new Christian festivals added to previous Roman holidays? Answer: Christian
Context: In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass & Hope and Percy Thomas were among those who designed public buildings in the neoclassical style in the interwar period. In the British Raj in India, Sir Edwin Lutyens' monumental city planning for New Delhi marked the sunset of neoclassicism. In Scotland and the north of England, where the Gothic Revival was less strong, architects continued to develop the neoclassical style of William Henry Playfair. The works of Cuthbert Brodrick and Alexander Thomson show that by the end of the 19th century the results could be powerful and eccentric. Question: What author's 20th century writing caused interest in pure neoclassical design? Answer: Albert Richardson Question: In what period did Percy Thomas design public building in neoclassical? Answer: interwar period Question: Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design? Answer: New Delhi Question: What new design was trending after neoclassical? Answer: Gothic Revival Question: Who reawakened interest in pure neoclassical design in the 2000's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of building did Vincent Harris design during the interwar period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Planning for what city marked the rise of neoclassicism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other area besides England experienced a strong Gothic revival? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What style was powerful and eccentric by the end of the 1900s? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa had 13 home runs entering the month, representing less than half of Mark McGwire's total. Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month, a record that still stands. By the end of his historic month, the outfielder's 33 home runs tied him with Ken Griffey, Jr. and left him only four behind McGwire's 37. Sosa finished with 66 and won the NL MVP Award. Question: When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? Answer: 1998 Question: Who was in pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? Answer: Sammy Sosa Question: Sammy Sosa was in pursuit of beating whose home run record? Answer: Roger Maris Question: What award did Sammy Sosa win? Answer: the NL MVP Award
Context: Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law was vetoed by a tribune named Marcus Octavius. Tiberius then used the Plebeian Council to impeach Octavius. The theory, that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people, was counter to Roman constitutional theory. If carried to its logical end, this theory would remove all constitutional restraints on the popular will, and put the state under the absolute control of a temporary popular majority. His law was enacted, but Tiberius was murdered with 300 of his associates when he stood for reelection to the tribunate. Question: To what position was Tiberius Gracchus elected? Answer: tribune Question: Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess? Answer: Tiberius Gracchus Question: When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered? Answer: when he stood for reelection to the tribunate Question: Which tribune was impeached by the Plebeian Council? Answer: Marcus Octavius Question: What was considered to be the opposite of Roman constitutional theory? Answer: that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people
Context: Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman. Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D. Searle and Co. and approved by the FDA in 1960. The original formulation incorporated vastly excessive doses of hormones, and caused severe side effects. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation. Question: What law prohibited birth control? Answer: Comstock laws Question: When was Enovid first approved? Answer: 1960 Question: What increased due to the availability of birth control? Answer: pre-marital co-habitation Question: In 1965, how many women were on the birth control pill? Answer: 6.5 million Question: Who created the first oral birth control? Answer: E.D. Searle and Co Question: Discussing contraception sometimes led to prosecution under what laws? Answer: Comstock laws Question: What was the name of the first oral contraceptive? Answer: Enovid Question: When did the FDA approve Enovid? Answer: 1960 Question: By 1965, about how many American women were taking Enovid? Answer: 6.5 million Question: Birth control was prohibited in most countries before what war? Answer: second world war Question: What law prohibited severe pills? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Colton first approved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What increased due to the availability of severe pills? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1965, how many women were on the severe pill? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created the first marriage control? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships, which are able to deploy squadrons of F-35Bs. The first of this class, USS America, is now in active service with another, USS Tripoli, under construction and 9 more are planned. Question: How many supercarriers did the U.S. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise? Answer: 10 Question: How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07? Answer: one every four years Question: What class does the USS America belong to? Answer: America-class amphibious assault ships Question: What is the USS America capable of destroying squadrons of? Answer: F-35Bs Question: Which other carrier joins the USS America in active service? Answer: USS Tripoli Question: How many supercarriers did the U.N. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many old carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What class doesn't the USS America belong to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the USS America incapable of destroying squadrons of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which other carrier joins the USS America in unactive service? Answer: Unanswerable

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