text1
stringlengths
1
270
text2
stringlengths
3
2.46k
label
int64
0
1
idx
int64
0
105k
label_text
stringclasses
2 values
Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?
Additionally, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet, and several of his works have been translated internationally.
1
101,600
not entailment
What property of thorium oxide has caused it to no longer be used in eyeglasses?
Most common glass contains other ingredients to change its properties.
1
101,601
not entailment
Where was the system similar to London Underground used as well?
The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system.
1
101,602
not entailment
Beyonce with Jay Z gave lots of money to bail who out of prison?
After the imprisonment of protesters of Gray's death, Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated thousands of dollars to bail them out.
0
101,603
entailment
Which colony was the official British colony for freed slaves?
In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves.
0
101,604
entailment
During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?
Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed]
1
101,605
not entailment
What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?
Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas).
0
101,606
entailment
What products sometimes retain their native names in both English and Spanish?
Numerous such agricultural products retain their native names in the English and Spanish lexicons.
0
101,607
entailment
What was the population of the island in 1814?
The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792.
1
101,608
not entailment
With a day of its release, on what website did the PS3 Slim become the number-one bestseller?
This is in stark contrast to the original PS3's launch in which it was given position number-eight on their "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006" list.
1
101,609
not entailment
Who are descendents of various culturally distinct groups?
The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations.
0
101,610
entailment
Which interpretation of the rule of law is less commonly used?
The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation.
0
101,611
entailment
As what are Classical and Vedic Sanskrit often viewed?
Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form.
1
101,612
not entailment
At the beginning of what age are the dates of the Kuru kingdom?
The Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally "black metal").
0
101,613
entailment
What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?
The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries.
0
101,614
entailment
If a memory is triggered by a time, which kind of memory is this?
Time-based prospective memories are triggered by a time-cue, such as going to the doctor (action) at 4pm (cue).
0
101,615
entailment
What type of design is the bridge?
The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise.
1
101,616
not entailment
What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684?
The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614.
1
101,617
not entailment
How much did Bell et al. try to sell his patent for?
Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000.
0
101,618
entailment
What were the first parties in the united States called?
The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican dominance before a split occurred between National Republicans and Democratic Republicans.
0
101,619
entailment
Incomplete metamorphosis insects are called?
Hemimetabolous insects, those with incomplete metamorphosis, change gradually by undergoing a series of molts.
0
101,620
entailment
Who commands the reserves?
This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force – the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) – in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group.
0
101,621
entailment
What major airline resides at the airport?
Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines.
0
101,622
entailment
Do early or late maturing girls have more unwanted pregnancies?
In addition, girls may have to deal with sexual advances from older boys before they are emotionally and mentally mature.
1
101,623
not entailment
How many people were killed in the Hanshin earthquake?
His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people.
0
101,624
entailment
What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?
In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050.
0
101,625
entailment
Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre?
Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.
1
101,626
not entailment
What is the Champalimaud Foundation?
Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world.
0
101,627
entailment
How many people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh?
This has stark implications and has led to a dramatic rise in the number of households living below the poverty line, be it 300,000 in Bangladesh or 230,000 in Ghana.
0
101,628
entailment
Which property was vitamin B found to have?
In 1913, Elmer McCollum discovered the first vitamins, fat-soluble vitamin A, and water-soluble vitamin B (in 1915; now known to be a complex of several water-soluble vitamins) and named vitamin C as the then-unknown substance preventing scurvy.
0
101,629
entailment
What is the main phytochrome found in seedling grown in light?
One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades in light to produce Cry1.
1
101,630
not entailment
In 2009, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?
The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.
0
101,631
entailment
What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?
On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.
1
101,632
not entailment
Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?
The mas bands eventually converge on the Queen's Park Savannah to pass on "The Stage" for judging.
1
101,633
not entailment
What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?
To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.
1
101,634
not entailment
How many people signed a petition to boycott Sony Music in 2016?
In February 2016, over a hundred thousand people signed a petition in just twenty-four hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha.
0
101,635
entailment
What military advantage brought the success for the British in defending Quebec?
The French forces retreated to Montreal, where on 8 September they surrendered to overwhelming British numerical superiority.
1
101,636
not entailment
Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?
President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong defense against the French, decreed a list of national guard units that every state had to contribute to the Ministry of War and the Navy; Chihuahua was responsible for inducting 2,000 men.
0
101,637
entailment
Where are the Atlas Mountains located?
Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location.
1
101,638
not entailment
What title did Albert give Edward?
His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles.
0
101,639
entailment
Who founded the Free Software Foundation?
Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it "systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion".
0
101,640
entailment
When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?
The innovation of the term "Near East" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap.
1
101,641
not entailment
What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?
Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.
1
101,642
not entailment
When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?
On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.
0
101,643
entailment
Did Swansea qualify for the Europa Leaque in 2012-13?
In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion.
1
101,644
not entailment
Writer Geoff Boucher compared DC to what dull 1960s crooner?
In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan.
1
101,645
not entailment
Who would oversee all functions of the new district?
The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions.
0
101,646
entailment
What academic discipline at the university is based in the Roland Levinsky building?
The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter.
1
101,647
not entailment
In what year was the seismometer first invented?
Zhang also invented a seismometer (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪) in 132 AD to detect the exact cardinal or ordinal direction of earthquakes from hundreds of kilometers away.
0
101,648
entailment
How many primary signalling molecules are known to organize different behavioral patterns?
So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity.
0
101,649
entailment
What idea did Binford take issue with?
Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters.
0
101,650
entailment
Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts?
But now the demand for handicrafts has increased within and outside the country.
0
101,651
entailment
What type of mathematics aided in developing European science?
Meanwhile, the introduction of printing was to have great effect on European society.
1
101,652
not entailment
Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?
During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education.
0
101,653
entailment
What is a common nickname for Mexico City?
The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one, based on proving the worthiness of the family.
1
101,654
not entailment
How did the early Muslims view the possibility of conquering India?
The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.
1
101,655
not entailment
What is another term for the Amazigh?
Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya.
0
101,656
entailment
Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction?
In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule.
0
101,657
entailment
Anti-aircraft defenses became better after what?
In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty.
1
101,658
not entailment
Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?
Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition.
0
101,659
entailment
How much energy does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?
In the Europe the EC has calculated that the ban contributes 5 to 10 billion euros to the economy and saves 40 TWh of electricity every year, translating in CO2 emission reductions of 15 million tonnes.
0
101,660
entailment
Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas are important states which also have their own what?
Other important states with local traditions include Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas.
0
101,661
entailment
Along with quantum physics generally, what scientific doctrine caused some physicists to embrace idealism?
In The Grammar of Science, Preface to the 2nd Edition, 1900, Karl Pearson wrote, "There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists."
1
101,662
not entailment
How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?
The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity.
1
101,663
not entailment
When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran?
Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.
1
101,664
not entailment
What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?
Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity of sexuality, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role.
1
101,665
not entailment
When did New York City annex West Farms?
In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process.
0
101,666
entailment
What weather did Voyager 2 observe on Neptune?
Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (−218 °C).
1
101,667
not entailment
Where on the Olympic Peninsula does the rainfall average 142 inches a year?
Around 80 mi (129 km) to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of 142 in (3.61 m).
0
101,668
entailment
In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?
Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe).
0
101,669
entailment
What is the radiation patter influenced by?
Also, in the particular case of a monopole antenna, the ground (or an artificial ground plane) serves as the return connection for the antenna current thus having an additional effect, particularly on the impedance seen by the feed line.
1
101,670
not entailment
What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?
The phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides function similar to plant growth hormones, and grow cells without normal cell division, crushing the plant's nutrient transport system.:300
1
101,671
not entailment
Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English?
The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English.
0
101,672
entailment
What is the name of the 37 gear computer which noted the motions of the Sun and Moon?
The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150–100 BC).
0
101,673
entailment
What boroughs are known for high crime
Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate.
0
101,674
entailment
Of the 121 chosen, how many became semi-finalists?
These were cut to 30 for the semifinal, with ten going on to the finals.
0
101,675
entailment
Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?
Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex.
0
101,676
entailment
What was the date that the first human reached space?
The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future".
1
101,677
not entailment
Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy?
Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region.
1
101,678
not entailment
How many islands are in the Tuvalu group?
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago.
1
101,679
not entailment
What was the first skill Gautama learnt?
Gautama first went to study with famous religious teachers of the day, and mastered the meditative attainments they taught.
1
101,680
not entailment
What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan?
Striped hyenas are major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus.
0
101,681
entailment
What are the most common foods in Estonia?
Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries.
1
101,682
not entailment
The Mycenaean civilization deteriorated in what time period?
The Mycenaeans gradually absorbed the Minoans, but collapsed violently around 1200 BC, during a time of regional upheaval known as the Bronze Age collapse.
0
101,683
entailment
What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting?
DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada.
0
101,684
entailment
What is the German word for living space?
During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers.
0
101,685
entailment
Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money?
The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion.
1
101,686
not entailment
Who maintains law and order?
The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services.
1
101,687
not entailment
How was "This is My Now" decided as the first single for the American Idol winner in 2007?
This season also saw the launch of the American Idol Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the "coronation song".
1
101,688
not entailment
What could cause early light-output degradation in LEDs?
This causes stress on the material and may cause early light-output degradation.
1
101,689
not entailment
What unpopular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from?
Avicenna was taught some extent of philosophy books such as Introduction (Isagoge)'s Porphyry (philosopher), Euclid's Elements, Ptolemy's Almagest by an unpopular philosopher,
1
101,690
not entailment
What non winning major party nominees studied at Yale?
Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972).
0
101,691
entailment
What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement?
The GAO report explained that the sources – a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimate, a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) press release and a Motor and Equipment Manufacturers Association estimate – "cannot be substantiated or traced back to an underlying data source or methodology."
1
101,692
not entailment
What power is granted to federal agencies by Congress?
Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies.
0
101,693
entailment
Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I?
In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes.
0
101,694
entailment
What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?
On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I.
1
101,695
not entailment
How many photographs are in BYU's Museum of Peoples and Cultures?
The Museum of Peoples and Cultures is a museum of archaeology and ethnology.
1
101,696
not entailment
What is the average length of dog pregnancy?
Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary.
0
101,697
entailment
Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?
Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture.
0
101,698
entailment
Is there a cure for asthma?
There is no cure for asthma.
0
101,699
entailment