text1
stringlengths
1
270
text2
stringlengths
3
2.46k
label
int64
0
1
idx
int64
0
105k
label_text
stringclasses
2 values
What did VLP stand for in English-speaking countries?
For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also discussed a compatible audio-only format they called "ALP", but that was soon dropped as the Compact Disc system became a non-compatible project in the Philips corporation.
1
2,600
not entailment
The mathematical statement of computers versatility is known as what?
The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a minimum capability (being Turing-complete) is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform.
0
2,601
entailment
What establishments inspired pubs to set up serving bars?
When the first pubs were built, the main room was the public room with a large serving bar copied from the gin houses, the idea being to serve the maximum number of people in the shortest possible time.
0
2,602
entailment
What is the difference in the Arsenal color of blue in the away kit after 1983?
The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.
0
2,603
entailment
When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?
However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]
1
2,604
not entailment
What makes up cooperative cultural studies?
"Culture" for a cultural-studies researcher not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices.
1
2,605
not entailment
What have the Swiss been under EU and national pressure to reduce in terms of banking?
The Swiss have also been under EU and sometimes international pressure to reduce banking secrecy and to raise tax rates to parity with the EU.
0
2,606
entailment
What fraction of Michigan's homicides occurred in Detroit?
Nearly two-thirds of all murders in Michigan in 2011 occurred in Detroit.
0
2,607
entailment
Along with titanium, what element often makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?
This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum.
0
2,608
entailment
Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?
Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.
1
2,609
not entailment
How do Oriental Patriarchs sign?
Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy.
0
2,610
entailment
What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War?
The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century.
0
2,611
entailment
What diminished after 1980?
After 1980, however, anti-Catholic sentiment has diminished among mainline Protestants, and the crucial coalition of public secularists and Protestant churches has collapsed.
0
2,612
entailment
Which countries did Gorton maintain close relationships with?
Gorton maintained good relations with the United States and Britain, but pursued closer ties with Asia.
0
2,613
entailment
What was the average attendance for all Premier League clubs during the 2009-10 season?
For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616.
0
2,614
entailment
What percentage of marine life died during the extinction?
The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct.
0
2,615
entailment
How many hours of sunshine does the South West England region get each year?
South West England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer.
1
2,616
not entailment
What plans became universal inside larger houses?
Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses.
0
2,617
entailment
What animals cause the reddish-brown streaks of color in hickory wood?
The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds.
0
2,618
entailment
What was Kerry's paternal grandmother's career?
His maternal ancestors were of Scottish and English descent, and his maternal grandfather James Grant Forbes II was a member of the Forbes family, while his maternal grandmother Margaret Tyndal Winthrop was a member of the Dudley–Winthrop family.
1
2,619
not entailment
What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due?
When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again.
1
2,620
not entailment
What is a fish whose genome has been sequenced?
The development of new technologies has made it dramatically easier and cheaper to do sequencing, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly.
1
2,621
not entailment
Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY?
He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned.
1
2,622
not entailment
Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby?
These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army.
0
2,623
entailment
New Haven served as home to what two notable 19th century architects?
New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history.
1
2,624
not entailment
What is air defence called in French?
English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO.
1
2,625
not entailment
The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?
This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes.
1
2,626
not entailment
Where is Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi and focuses on the traditional Hanafi school of thought and shuns Salafist / Wahabi teachings.
1
2,627
not entailment
What was challenged in 2012
The legislature's redistricting, announced in 2012, was quickly challenged in court, on the grounds that it had unfairly benefited Republican interests.
0
2,628
entailment
How old was Bell when he went to Canada?
After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend.
1
2,629
not entailment
How many movie theater companies are there in Montevideo?
There are two movie theatre companies running seven cinemas, around ten independent ones and four art film cinemas in the city.
0
2,630
entailment
In what year was the book humanism published?
For "it is almost impossible to think of a crime that has not been committed in the name of human reason".
1
2,631
not entailment
Where was this homicide perpetrated?
Police say the incident was in retaliation for a shooting committed by the Santa Monica 13 gang days before the Juarez brothers were gunned down.
1
2,632
not entailment
How do antibiotics work?
Antibiotics only work for bacteria and do not affect viruses.
1
2,633
not entailment
How many positions are in the first two columns?
The "space" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237 § 10 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits.
1
2,634
not entailment
What began at the same time Scholasticism ended?
The renewal of learning in Europe, that began with 12th century Scholasticism, came to an end about the time of the Black Death, and the initial period of the subsequent Italian Renaissance is sometimes seen as a lull in scientific activity.
0
2,635
entailment
What office is responsible for the census form changes?
Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses.
0
2,636
entailment
What publication originally reported a potential deal between Comcast and Time Warner?
On February 12, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Comcast sought to acquire Time Warner Cable in a deal valued at $45.2 billion.
0
2,637
entailment
Which phrase is especially contentious within international humanitarian law?
The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole.
1
2,638
not entailment
What was a way in which a free peasant might become an aristocrat?
There were also areas where the pattern was a mix of two or more of those systems.
1
2,639
not entailment
Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?
Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved.
1
2,640
not entailment
What is the direction of transformations in energy?
There are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into work in a cyclic process, e.g. in a heat engine, as described by Carnot's theorem and the second law of thermodynamics.
1
2,641
not entailment
What status did the Marshall Islands have in Germany?
It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia.
1
2,642
not entailment
What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency?
Justice Department investigations into the FBI's roles in the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents were found to be obstructed by agents within the Bureau.
0
2,643
entailment
What borough is Six Flags Mexico located?
The theme park Six Flags México (the largest amusement park in Latin America) is located in the Ajusco neighborhood, in Tlalpan borough, southern Mexico City.
0
2,644
entailment
What is the name of the international law theory, grounded in jurisprudence framed by a sociological normative approach?
A theory of international law, which argues for a sociological normative approach in regards to jurisprudence, is named the New Haven Approach, after the city.
0
2,645
entailment
What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?
There is also an independent school Plymouth College.
0
2,646
entailment
The presence of what substance in sea water has resulted in low yields when attempting to extract uranium?
An additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible).
1
2,647
not entailment
What function did the holes in the top and bottom of the tomb tiles enable them to do?
These tombs were commonly adorned with uniquely decorated hollow clay tiles that function also as a doorjamb to the tomb.
1
2,648
not entailment
What do NPOs that center around community usually focus on?
It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make.
1
2,649
not entailment
What percentage of the economy is Greece's service sector?
Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.
1
2,650
not entailment
How many total trophies did Barcelona's Super Cup win produce?
The UEFA Super Cup victory also marked another impressive achievement as Josep Guardiola won his 12th trophy out of 15 possible in only three years at the helm of the club, becoming the all-time record holder of most titles won as a coach at FC Barcelona.
1
2,651
not entailment
Who thought that Burke's imitation was too perfect to be effective ridicule?
but with so apparent, or rather so real an earnestness, that half his purpose is sacrificed to the other".
1
2,652
not entailment
The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has a range of members between what amounts?
The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has 150 congregations and 17 000–20 000 members.
0
2,653
entailment
How is charcoal made?
Charcoal, a pure form of carbon made by pyrolysis of wood, has a long history as a metal-smelting fuel, as a filter material and adsorbent and as an artist's material and is one of the three ingredients of gunpowder.
0
2,654
entailment
What does Catalan share with other Romance languages?
Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages).
1
2,655
not entailment
Where are the command facilities located?
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay.
0
2,656
entailment
When did Metrobus begin services?
The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes.
0
2,657
entailment
Who were the victims of industrial accidents?
Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis.
0
2,658
entailment
What is also increased along with the antenna's height?
If the emission is polarized vertically, the two fields (direct and reflected) add and there is maximum of received signal.
1
2,659
not entailment
In what culture of law were Jews and heretics often lumped together?
He described Jews as enemies of Christ: "The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews."
1
2,660
not entailment
What is the German basic law?
The German Basic Law provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.
0
2,661
entailment
What papers give the best optical density?
Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens.
1
2,662
not entailment
What was Kanye second arrest for?
He was later released "with no further action", according to a police spokesperson.
1
2,663
not entailment
What behavior did humans rely on to survive before agriculture?
A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, and then increasingly replaced by, a reliance upon the foods produced from cultivated lands.
0
2,664
entailment
In what year was the first black Baptist minister elected to the city council?
As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today.
1
2,665
not entailment
Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?
An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.
0
2,666
entailment
How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009.
0
2,667
entailment
What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells?
Some pathogens grow within the host cells (intracellular) whereas others grow freely in bodily fluids.
0
2,668
entailment
What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?
Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE).
1
2,669
not entailment
What do ACE inhibitors do?
ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients, irrespective of whether they have hypertension.
0
2,670
entailment
What caused a temporary exodus from Nueva Vizcaya?
Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime.
1
2,671
not entailment
About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews?
While they make up about 2% of the U.S. population, 27% of United States Nobel prize winners in the 20th century, a quarter of Fields Medal winners, 25% of ACM Turing Award winners, half the world's chess champions, including 8% of the top 100 world chess players, and a quarter of Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.
0
2,672
entailment
Who became the predominant shoppers for individual households in the nineteenth century?
All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century.
1
2,673
not entailment
In what county was the Swan Inn located?
The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base.
0
2,674
entailment
What is the estimated number of slaves that were transported each year?
By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands.
1
2,675
not entailment
What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces?
They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad.
0
2,676
entailment
What is the name of the jazz museum in Detroit?
During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood.
1
2,677
not entailment
After what age could women become members of the Dominican Order?
Women could not be professed to the Dominican religious life before the age of thirteen.
0
2,678
entailment
What type of climate does the island of the Azores have?
Both the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist, making weather predictions very difficult (owing to rough topography).
1
2,679
not entailment
What was happening to Idris' government in the 1960s?
Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt.
1
2,680
not entailment
During whose presidency were Egyptians nostalgic for Nasser?
General malaise in Egyptian society, particularly during the Mubarak era, augmented nostalgia for Nasser's presidency, which increasingly became associated with the ideals of national purpose, hope, social cohesion, and vibrant culture.
0
2,681
entailment
Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?
Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures.
0
2,682
entailment
What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed?
Soviet authorities started a campaign of secularization, practicing Islam, Judaism, and Christianity was discouraged and repressed, and many mosques, churches, and synagogues were closed.
0
2,683
entailment
What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010?
In June 2010, Viacom's lawsuit against Google was rejected in a summary judgment, with U.S. federal Judge Louis L. Stanton stating that Google was protected by provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
0
2,684
entailment
What is the state deficient in?
Solan is the largest vegetable producing district in the state.
1
2,685
not entailment
What daylight event was not celebrated after the dark sacrifice?
Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as "the living cannot share a meal with the dead".
0
2,686
entailment
After whom is Olin Business School named?
Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988.
0
2,687
entailment
What was a consequence of the doubt that Greece could pay it's debts?
As a consequence, there was a crisis in international confidence in Greece's ability to repay its sovereign debt, as reflected by the rise of the country's borrowing rates (although their slow rise – the 10-year government bond yield only exceeded 7% in April 2010 – coinciding with a large number of negative articles, has led to arguments about the role of international news media in the evolution of the crisis).
0
2,688
entailment
What is the classification of IMS?
IMS was generally similar in concept to CODASYL, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of CODASYL's network model.
1
2,689
not entailment
Which students go into the Augmented Foundation Programme?
Sixth form students who pass their PSSC go on to the Augmented Foundation Programme, funded by the government of Tuvalu.
0
2,690
entailment
What is the junction forward voltage?
The junction forward voltage is the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT in order to make the base conduct a specified current.
0
2,691
entailment
Where is the Valais located?
The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind.
1
2,692
not entailment
How were comics published when serialization became less common?
Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common.
1
2,693
not entailment
What is the process called in which plants gather nutrients from the soil around their roots?
Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves.
1
2,694
not entailment
What Substance act does the FBI enforce?
The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ).
1
2,695
not entailment
What is the employee count of the University of Michigan?
Other employers are drawn to the area by the university's research and development money, and by its graduates.
1
2,696
not entailment
In what country was John Lofting born?
Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.
1
2,697
not entailment
What religious tradition may be a problem for Alaskan Jews?
As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska.
1
2,698
not entailment
How many people were killed in the explosions at the Boston marathon?
One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April.
1
2,699
not entailment