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Chapters 23-32 in John Frame’s “Systematic Theology” Essay (Critical Writing) While focusing on Part IV “The Doctrine of the Word of God” and Part V “The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God” from John Frame’s Systematic Theology, it is possible to note that these parts are helpful to understand how people perceive God’s Word and how they form their knowledge of God. This reflection paper provides the proper discussion of key points learnt from Chapters 23-32 of Frame’s book. Part IV of the book is titled as “The Doctrine of the Word of God”, and the ways to receive, perceive, and understand God’s words are discussed in Chapters 23-28. I have learnt from Chapter 23 “God and His Word” that the divine word is not only in the written or verbal form, but it is in the acts. Thus, the Word is the attribute of God, and this idea is closely associated with such important phenomena as creation and providence 1 . Those people who have learnt the Word of God are not the same anymore. Chapter 24 “God Speaks to Us in Events and Words” provides more details to understand the fact. Thus, I have learnt that there are many ways in which the Word comes to people, and they are human words or historic events, and natural events. These ways are the media for revelation 2 . It is stated in Chapter 25 “God’s Written Words” that the prophets who heard the divine voice represented their knowledge in the written word. From this point, it is also the direct Word from God. Referring to Chapter 26 “The Nature of Scripture”, I can state that God’s Word is truth in its nature because the principles of infallibility and inerrancy are followed in Scripture 3 . Now, I understand that I can discuss Scripture as the reflection of God’s direct words. Chapter 27 “From God’s Lips to Our Ears” and Chapter 28 “From the Text to Our Hearts” are very interesting and important for me because they present the information on the ways of receiving and understanding God’s Word. I received the opportunity to understand that God’s Word comes directly to prophets who write it, and these copies are extremely important for believers. Although many autographs are lost, God uses many media to come to the person’s heart 4 . I can guess that the reason is in the fact that Scripture includes the message that comes directly to the believer’s heart and mind. I have learnt from Part V “The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God” how God and person can know each other. In Chapter 29 “God and Our Knowledge”, it is stated that God knows everyone in spite of the personality’s aspects. Thus, there are many perspectives from which God can see the person. That is why, there are no ideas or acts which can be unnoticed. Our knowledge of God is more limited, but we need to know more about God in order to learn more about us. In Chapters 30-32, there are ideas on how people can learn more about God 5 . I have learnt that the human heart, mind, intuition, and imagination are the strong sources to learn more about God and to understand the revelation principle. There are many important facts presented in Chapters 23-32 of John Frame’s Systematic Theology which provide the important framework to conclude about God’s Word and the roots of the knowledge. The chapters provided me with the opportunity to understand how the persons can learn more about their nature and the nature of God. Furthermore, I have realized that the knowledge of God and the knowledge of a man are interconnected, and the most important information associated with the divine word can come with the help of the human words, written words, and natural and historic events. Bibliography Frame, John. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief . USA: P&R Publishing, 2013. Footnotes 1 John Frame, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (USA: P&R Publishing, 2013), 520. 2 Frame, Systematic Theology, 536. 3 Ibid., 596. 4 Frame, Systematic Theology, 638. 5 Ibid., 739. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Safe Practices of Medication Errors Prevention Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Healthcare facilities aim at offering the best services to their clients, who are patients. Patients believe that they will receive quality services from hospitals. However, medication errors happen (Choo, Hutchinson & Bucknall, 2010). These errors threaten patient safety in healthcare industry. If the errors are so rampant, then patients are at risk of losing their lives. This essay will analyze medication errors that threaten patient safety. It will also propose protective measures that should be adopted to promote patient safety. Body It has been reported that, on average, a patient experiences at least one medication error annually in the U.S. However, 4% of inpatients are subjected to medication errors (Athanasakis, 2012). The outcome of continuous medication errors is huge financial costs incurred by patient and hospitals, and high morbidity. It has been found that medication errors in the United States of America result in 7000 mortality cases annually (Athanasakis, 2012). On average, the probability of medication errors resulting in death is 0.1%. The nursing profession is important in promoting patient safety in all healthcare facilities worldwide. The medication errors by nurses are related to wrong administration of doses, wrong calculation of dosing and low level of nursing education. Nurse training is essential for administration of medication to patients. The education ensures that they are exposed to real world situations where they familiarize themselves with dosing preparations and administration. Also, poor collaboration in a healthcare facility among nurses and poor supervision by the manager nurses result in medication errors (Athanasakis, 2012). It has been said that nurses who work without being supervised may make medication errors either knowingly or unknowingly (R. Kate, personal communication, September 5, 2013). Patient ignorance and level of education have been cited as sources of medication errors in the healthcare industry. Patients who are not able to read and strictly follow their prescriptions are at high risk of encountering medication errors. Such patients may overdose themselves, resulting in pharmacological adverse effects. Patients may also take amounts of medication below the required ones, resulting in deterioration in their health. Patients who self-prescribe their medication are at risk of experiencing medication errors that will influence their therapy (Gridina, 2013). Healthcare administrators need to understand the sources of medication errors so that they can put in place protective measures. Computerized medication systems have been introduced into healthcare facilities. The systems reduce errors in preparation of dosing and dosing calculations. However, for such systems to work, nurses have to be involved in their design because they will be the end-users. This way, they will fully understand how they work and ensure that there are no medication errors encountered by patients. Nurse education will also go a long way to ensuring that nurses have the right knowledge and practical skills in providing medication to patients. According to Choo et al., (2012) “competent medication administration requires that nurses are able to assess the appropriateness of the medication for a particular patient” (p. 854). Patients also need to be educated on the demerits of self-medication and importance of following prescriptions. Conclusion This essay has discussed the medication errors that interfere with patient safety. Among these are poor dosing preparation and administration, ignorant patients and low nurse education. The outcomes of the medication errors are huge costs and deaths. Finally, the essay has proposed protective measures to promote patient safety. References Athanasakis, E. (2012).Prevention of medication errors made by nurses in clinical practice. Health Science Journal , 6 (4), 773-783. Choo, J., Hutchinson, A., & Bucknall, T. (2010). Nurses’ role in medication safety. Journal of Nursing Management , 18 (7), 853-861. Gridina, R. (2013). AACN Kicks off the 2013 Fall Faculty Webinar Series on September 11! | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pricing Strategies and Models in the Hotel Industry Essay The rule-of-thumb model and Hubbart formula pricing strategies present a weakness during the pricing of hotel rooms, mainly because; they do not consider market conditions and changes, which are competitive and complex. These market conditions are the characteristic traits of the hotel industry or a certain sector within the industry, as they influence the buyers and sellers of hotel services within the sector or industry. These factors include the number of business rivals, where a surplus may mean that new entrants will find it difficult to enter the industry. The complexity of the market conditions further makes the pricing strategies of competitors change, which may threaten the businesses using these two pricing strategies. Therefore, as Gu (1997, p. 44 – 45) notes, the hotel industry requires pricing done based on a quadratic room-pricing model, which considers operating costs, as well as the dynamics of the market environment, especially when operating in a highly competitive market (Mattila & Choi, 2005, p. 25-27). The break-even pricing model may be cited as one that imposes the weaknesses onto the pricing exercise, because it bases its compilations on the assumption that sales volumes equal stock amounts (Sales = Stock), or that total revenues realized and the overall cost functions are related in a linear manner. Further, the model is static, thus cannot be used in accounting for variations within the market environment (Reid & Bojanic, 2010, p. 565). The weakness that lies with using value-based pricing is that it requires extensive skills and knowledge from the revenue managers, as it centers its variations for pricing on the customer’s perception of the value of hotel services. This is especially the case, as the value creation and value perception channels involve the different principles within the hotel industry, including the hotel, distributors, and the customers of the hotel services. This is the case, as the communication of value is effectively communicated to the customers through the intermediaries, who are all dynamic in unique ways (Lovelock et al., 2001). As a result, the channel of value communication should be reflected through management dynamics, carrying out extensive research of the changing consumer behavior, and the need to maintain the quality of services, which make it very difficult for revenue managers to attach an accurate value-based price. Another weakness of using value-based pricing is that customer dynamics are often not reflected, including the increasing customer negotiating power and the high expectations they may link to the attached value (Hayes & Huffman, 1995; Richardson, 1996). The core motivation for discounting in the hotel industry in the hope that the promotional strategies will make the customers repeat their purchases, due to the experience gained from the marketing strategy. However, discounting strategies are applied in a cautiously calculative way, to ensure that the reduction in revenues will be recovered from the increase in sales volumes. Therefore, the usage of this strategy in creating more markets requires extensive market research in the area of customer dynamics and approach models (Nagle, 1987). Further, the discounting strategy of market creation works better for new products, which are perceived to present better value for the customers, as the customers are also interested in trying the new products and not only the discount deal, which may take the form of a price-reduction (Schwartz, 1981). It should also be noted that discounting presents a threat to the business, in the form of cannibalizing the existing business and market, as revenue is foregone to existing customers, besides serving as a model of attracting new customers. Therefore, this shows that the usage of this strategy should be used carefully, towards ensuring that it does not affect the business negatively (Reid & Bojanic, 2010, p. 576). References Gu, Z. (1997). Proposing a room pricing model for optimizing profitability. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 16 (3), 44-46. Hayes, K., & Huffman, M. (1995). Value Pricing: How Long Can You Go? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , pp. 51-56. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P., & Walker, R. (2001). Service Marketing: an Asia-Pacific Perspective . Singapore: Prentice Hall. Mattila, A., & Choi, S. (2005). The impact of pricing information on guest satisfaction and fairness perceptions. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing , 13 (1), 25- 27. Nagle, T.T. (1987). The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing . Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Richardson, J. (1996). Marketing Australian: Travel & Tourism Principles and Practice . Victoria: Hospitality Press. Schwartz, D.J. (1981). Marketing Today: A Basic Approach . New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The article dwells on a prostate cancer drug known as Xtandi. It was written by Andrew Pollack to explore a new approach concerning drug use to treat cancer. A recent study reveals that this drug has the potential to prolong the life of prostate cancer victims by inhibiting tumor progression. Since its approval in 2012, the drug has been used only in cases where prostate cancer victims have already undergone chemotherapy. However, the study proposes that the drug could be used in cases of advanced prostate cancer before chemotherapy. Therefore, the article serves to inform the medical fraternity and the public about the drug’s new potential. It is public knowledge that prostate cancer is a disease that affects men, especially older males, as only men have a prostate gland (Marshall Cavendish Corporation 164). Presumably, anything concerning prostate cancer affects only men. However, contrary to this perception, the article about Xtandi is of relevance to other groups of people too. To begin with, the article directly affects prostate cancer victims who, for one reason or another, may have delayed in seeking medication. It notes that Xtandi can prolong the lives of victims of advanced cases of prostate cancer. This new development is good news for the numerous men who only realized that they have prostate cancer when the disease is already in its advanced stages. Although the drug has its side effects – it affects the nervous system and may cause backache and symptoms of nerves compression in the lower back, it may cause problems with sleeping, high blood pressure and spinal cord compression. Further, many cancer victims prefer taking pills to other forms of cancer treatment. As a result, this article brings hope into the lives of prostate cancer patients by introducing a new way of managing this disease. The second group that is affected by this article is the pharmaceutical community. Medivation and Astellas Pharma, the developers of Xtandi, hope to enjoy a wider market than before since the new development is likely to increase the use of the drug. Consequently, competitors such as Zytiga, which is manufactured by Johnson & Johnson, shall face stiffer competition from Xtandi. The result of the competition is a possible reduction in the market share of Zytiga because the new potential of Xtandi was revealed. The third group that is affected by this article is the medical fraternity. If Xtandi is approved as a pre-therapy drug, there will be more pre-therapy drugs at the disposal of medical practitioners. This development will give the practitioners some level of flexibility in the prescription of drugs since they will have another addition to the list of pre-therapy prostate cancer drugs. This article is intriguing because it illuminates a new development concerning a relatively new drug. Xtandi was approved in 2012, and since that time the research has been going on to establish its full potential. Thus, the article is quite informative for anyone who reads it. It also breaks down the supposedly complex topic of pharmaceuticals into a simple form that can be understood by most readers. This article was chosen because it addresses an issue that is becoming more prevalent. Cancer is a disease that costs America huge sums of money in terms of medical care. Further, it is among the leading causes of mortality in the USA. Therefore, the fact that the article presents a possible solution to one of the numerous types of cancer makes it a good choice. Works Cited Marshall Cavendish Corporation. Diseases and Disorders. 1 vol. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2007. Print. Pollack, Andrew. Drug Shows Promise in Advanced Prostate Cancer When Used Before Chemotherapy . New York Times. 2014. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This course makes them use their knowledge to consult a community organization and to create and realize a strategy in a dynamic and competitive environment (“Senior Capstone”). Under the guidance of an instructor, students try to find a solution to marketing and finance problems, which all business organizations face daily. The University Studies program is aimed at achieving four goals: inquiry and critical thinking, communication, appreciation of human diversity, and ethical and social responsibility. I took part in this course. My work was AJP’s project challenge understanding. This project helped me to enhance my abilities concerning all program’s goals. First of all, I pay attention to the goal of inquiry and critical thinking. The ability to correctly identify the problems and drawbacks in a company’s strategy is vital for the company’s existence and successful development. I analyzed the AJP’s current online marketing statistics and identified its problems. We conducted several analyses on the company’s competitors, customers, and markets. We evaluated the AJP’s strong and weak sides, their opportunities, and possible threats to their business. It turned out that the company does not have an effectively working online marketing strategy that resulted in a low sale level and in extra costs. After that, my team developed a strategy, which included the editing of the company’s Facebook and Instagram pages that can create successful promotion of this company on the market. These steps provided me with experience and a better understanding of problem identification, how to use data sources and analytical tools. I learned how to create a business strategy in order to improve the company’s statistical data. Moreover, it prepared me for real work in the business sphere. Concerning the communication goal, I also enhanced my communication skills. My team conducted a client meeting with AJP. Such meetings demand different skills, like foresight, the ability to ask correct questions in order to receive the necessary information. Moreover, communication, direct or indirect, is carried out with different people of different races and religions. We had to pay attention to the diversity of people. Besides, one of our suggested strategic steps was to involve social media personalities. It also demanded special skills in communicating with such people. Appreciation of human diversity is to some extent connected with the communication goal since the communication was carried out with various people. Besides, the diversity of people is not limited just to race, religion, and sexual orientation. The diversity of people is also a diversity of their opinions. For instance, in my team, I had to work with people with different points of view. To make a good project we had to listen to each other, respect each other’s visions, and find a compromise. Diversity in the classroom made me think of my beliefs and attitudes toward other people. I realized that diversity is good for business; it plays an important role in everything that we do. Since the company’s clients are also people from different communities and groups, having a diverse team allowed us to examine the target market and customers’ needs from different sides. Such practice also increased the level of tolerance inside the team. Ethical and social responsibility is also connected with the previous two goals. Taking into account human diversity, we had to offer such a solution to the company’s problems, which would be effective and understandable to all people. An example of this was the creation of awareness on digital platforms like Facebook and Instagram because not everyone was able to translate their statistical data and offer products. Here, I learned the importance of understanding other people’s needs. To sum up, the Business Strategy Capstone is a way for students from different specialties to apply their knowledge practically and work in cooperation to achieve business strategic goals (“Senior Capstone”). This program helps to enhance the skills and abilities necessary for this sphere. Work Cited “Senior Capstone.” Portland State University. School of Business Administration. 2017. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Antebellum Era in the US Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Political Perspective 3. Social Perspective 4. Cultural Perspective 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction The antebellum period of the United States was featured with numerous factors that were unique, makeable and at the same time making this period absolutely non-democratic. The situation may be estimated from various points of view, and the fact that there are various angles of democracy makes the approach of evaluating the democracy level during this period rather complex. Political, social and cultural aspects of this issue give various representations of the problem, nevertheless, this issue requires deep analysis and the historical background to be regarded. Political Perspective Originally, the revolution helped to get rid of British influence, however it appeared helpless in solving infrastructural, political and racial problems. The internal political discord, unstable international position and disorienting surge of capitalist enterprise ruined the democratic approaches in the root. In spite of the existing confrontations, Americans were also confronted with the task of structuring and developing the American society. (Hatch, 1980) The political situation of this period can be characterized by the appearing of free market and promotion of free trade. Politicians lobbied the interests of former slaveholders and existing entrepreneurs, as the support of antislavery movements threatened with the loss of the voters and popularity. The slave owners totally controlled the political situation on the USA, and it is argued that their political power was on all the levels: from domestic to national. Indeed, the antebellum period is notable for conflicts and compromises between slaveholders of the South and the interests of the entrepreneurs of the North. Anyway, slave owners had dominant position. (Sheriff, 1997) Social Perspective The social situation was not more stable than the political one. Originally, social values were changing very quickly, and the conservative slaveholders, politicians and entrepreneurs were not ready for such rapid and radical changes. The years that followed after the revolution essentially changed the American society. In most regards the society seemed to be fragmented, and these fragments supported extremely opposite views and interests. (Way, 1993) The women were not considered as the full-fledged citizens: they were judged by their husbands. Her neighbors and community could be divided into four cardinal virtues ‑ piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. Independently of woman’s position, if she did not possess these features she could not achieve fame and respect. Surely, these virtues were often incompatible with emancipation. Thus, women were struggling for their rights, arranged their own committees, as they were forbidden to join male committees, supported slaves, and claimed for the abolition of slavery (which was rather spread even after Slavery Abolition act). The former slaves were treated like the second class citizens: they were not allowed to vote, to have lands (in most states), interracial marriages were restricted. The State which was positioned as the most free in the world could not achieve parity within the people of different races and sex. Surely, there is no way for democracy in this country, as democratic community presupposes the equality of the opportunities and the parity in the treatment. Cultural Perspective This factor of American life may be regarded as the most democratic during that period, as there was absolutely no restrictions for art development. American culture was mostly imported from Europe that is why it is mainly based on European models. In antebellum period American writers started using American themes in their writings, and the new genre was invented – the short story. It also seemed that the development of literary was observed on the American scene. American life was described, however the development of literature was slow, as Americans themselves praised European literary works, and were not ready to estimate their native writers, to the same degree then as retrospect would later justify. (Hatch, 1980) As for music the situation was also not too satisfying. Mostly, these were sentimental ballads and patriotic songs which were published for the general public. Girls were often obliged to learn to play piano (mostly accompaniments for songs), while boys often selected playing violin or flute. Language, which Americans were using, made them distinct from other English speaking countries. Lots of factors promoted the democratization of language: the mirror surface of British English was interrupted with slang and neologisms used by slaves, middle and poor classes. This aspect, probably, was the most democratic, as no one could restrict the using of slang in the language, thus, African American, workers’ and other types of slang were steadily invading classical vocabulary. Conclusion Taking into account the political and social situation in the American society, it is difficult to argue that this society was democratic: too many restrictions were imposed on the society, and those who ruled that society were not ready for the changes. However, cultural sphere was developing without essential restrictions, and, it is necessary to mention that it was the most democratic aspect of American life. References Hatch, O.N. The Christian Movement and the Demand for a Theology of the People. The Journal of American History, Vol. 67, No. 3 (1980), 545-567. Sheriff, C. The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817-1862. Hill and Wang. 1997. Pp. 3-78 Way. P. Evil Humors and Ardent Spirits: The Rough Culture of Canal Construction Laborers. The Journal of American History, Vol. 79, No. 4 (1993), 1397-1428. Welter, B. The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860. American Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 2, Part 1 (1966), 151-174. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Women and Terrorism Relations Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Terrorism is any act of terror that occurs in form of violence or threats that are meant to loutish an individual, group or entity to act in a manner that any person or a group could not legally sanction them to act (Sharma, 2005). There is both men and women terrorism and is mostly related to Muslim religion. Suicide bombing is mostly associated with men but not women, but nowadays, women have increasingly joined these terrorism organizations. Research, which has been carried out by various organizations on matters of terrorism, reveals some indications of the role that women might potentially play in terrorist organizations related to radical Islam. Women are mostly recruited in these organizations by their fellow men. Traditionally women are seen as victims of violence rather than perpetrators, but nowadays they are the key perpetrators of violence. The first terrorist organizations that used women were secular in nature. Women have been at the forefront and chief indigenous of terrorist organizations, for example, weather underground, Italy red brigade and many others. The role of women in secular terrorist organizations has been more pronounced in history due to the conservative nature of religious terrorist movements, which often exclude women from their ranks. Women are more likely to join secular terrorist more than religious movements. Discussion Gender stereotype tend to dominate the role of women in terrorism. The role of women in terrorism is indirect; they mostly engage in giving birth to revolutionary fighters, raising the children in a voluntary setting therefore facilitating their recruitment into organizations and honor them after their death. Some terrorist groups use women as terrorist and in some cases as suicide bombers, for example in Turkey out of twenty-one suicide attacks fourteen are believed to be caused by women. There are many reasons that have been put across in explaining why women join terrorism. The reasons that have been given are that some join to revenge their brothers or their lover’s death. Revenge is the main reason that makes women join terrorism. Others say that some women engage in terrorism activities due to rape or abuse from occupying soldiers. These women often desire for support from men terrorists, to defend their faith, and express their religious enthusiasm. Terrorist organizations use women as terrorists because they provide: 1. Tactical advantage 2. Increased number of combatment 3. Greater hype 4. Psychological outcome Women participation in suicide bombings opens up a whole range of questions from motivational aspect recruitment, but also on the penalty for the expansion of terrorism and the consequences of counter-terrorism. One of the motivational factor that has led women to joining terrorism is to have a heroism image and be equal to men. They think that women are recognized more when doing the same act with their fellow men. Enrollment of women in terrorism is prized as logical step in the increasingly improved security. The reason behind this is that women are taken as effective actors due to their purity and they may not be detected easily. Unlike men, women are not valued as emblematic terrorists, the conventional value remains as mournful widows and parents. Organizations dealing with terror cases are usually aware of the value of female members in their organization. They know that when they use women in their suicide mission they can play on established chauvinism and conjectures. Conclusion Unlike men, women do not voluntarily join terrorism; there are many reasons that make them join terrorism for example, the death of a brother or a husband. Make them become terrorists. Some of them join so that they can establish good revenging grounds because of sexual abuse and as a source of social support from male terrorist. Women may also join terrorism indirectly through giving birth and bringing up children who are later recruited in the terrorist organizations. Reference Sharma D. (2005). The new terrorism: Islamist international. Virginia, APH. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethics Types, Differences, Applications Essay Hardly a single issue causes as much confusion as ethics. While ethics is often taken for granted, when a complicated problem arises, its principles appear to be quite hard to interpret and apply to a particular situation. To make the matter worse, there are different types of ethics, which should also be taken into account. However, the variety of ethics types serve only the purpose of helping one solve a particular problem with a specific ethical approach. Taking a closer look at the four key ethics types will help specify their significance and learn in which case each is applied. There is no secret that most people spend a significant chunk of their lives at work; therefore, it is reasonable enough that professional ethics should be the first type of ethics to have been developed. Also known as mandatory, this kind of ethics prescribes the moral rules according to which a real professional must work. While certain ethical principles are listed in professional regulations for certain specialists, the issue remains somewhat vague, since every single case should be considered separately, and there is practically no book for the right behavior in a specific instance. According to the official definition of mandatory ethics for counseling, “Mandatory ethics entails a level of ethical functioning at which counselors simply act in compliance with minimal standards” (Martin, 2007, 200). However, the given definition raises such questions as to what minimal standards are and whether these standards can provide maximum justice in every single instance. Therefore, mandatory ethics alone does not seem to work efficiently enough, even though it offers decent foil for one’s professional development. Compared to mandatory, aspirational ethics is defined even more vaguely. In contrast to the previously described type, aspirational ethics does not refer to any particular realm of one’s life and offers general instructions on the right course of conduct. As Martin puts it, “Aspirational ethics pertain to striving for the optimum standards of conduct” (Martin, 2007, 200). Not referring to any sphere, in particular, aspirational ethics offers general information about what is ethical and what is not. On the one hand, the given type of ethics is preferable to the one mentioned above, since it concerns not some particular realm. Still, one’s entire life and, therefore, is more demanding in terms of making ethical choices. The downside of aspirational ethics, though, is that it is even less specific than the mandatory one. Making one pursue some “high ideals (Martin, 2007, 200), aspirational ethics does not describe any, which means that every person has to define his/her ethical model. In its turn, the means above, that the code of one’s aspirational ethics depends on one’s understanding of good and evil. Another two types of ethics that are worth considering closer, virtue, and principle one, also draw the line between different scopes. As has been mentioned above, the critical problem of mandatory ethics is that it does not involve the idea of responsibility. Still, it only demands to act by minimal standards. The given loophole is, however, compensated with the postulates of virtue ethics and principal ethics. Since the latter teaches how to apply the fundamental principles of the mandatory ethics to specific cases, they can be considered the pillars on which professional ethics rests. To be more particular about the two types above of ethics, virtue ethics can be defined as the type of ethics that “focuses on the character traits and nonobligatory ideas that facilitate the development of ethical individuals” (Pope-Davis, 2003, 315). In its turn, principle ethics concerns the actions that have already been taken (Pope-Davis, 2003, 315). Therefore, the given two types of ethics complete the idea of mandatory ethics, filling in the logical gaps and making it reasonable. Predictably enough, principal ethics offers a range of principles that can be used as guidance for the evaluations of the actions that have been taken. The critical postulates of the principle ethics include respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity. They are supposed to help figure out if the undertaken approach was ethical enough. It seems that the APA Ethics Code incorporates the elements of mandatory and aspirational ethics, with both the virtue and the principle ethics: The Preamble and General Principles are aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology. Although the Preamble and General Principles are not themselves enforceable rules, they should be considered by psychologists in arriving at an ethical course of action. ( Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct , 2010) Mandatory ethics and aspirational ethics differ considerably. The former belonging to the realm of professionalism. The latter being instead of the principle of existence, i.e., ethical guidelines in a broader, more general way. However, there are still many things that these two ideas have in common. As it turns out, aspirational ethics takes the principles of professionalism, i.e., mandatory, ethics to a new level, allowing one to use ethical principles as the moral standpoint according to which one can perform his/her professional duties properly. While either of these types of ethics is essential in its realm, together, they help one define one’s professional mission. Reference List Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2010). Web. Pope-Davis, D. P. (2003). Handbook of multicultural competencies in counseling and psychology . Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Martin, D. (2007). Principles and practices of case management in rehabilitation counseling . Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas C. Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Constructive Controversy Essay Introduction The impact of face to face (FTF) and computer motivated controversy (CMC) on motivation and achievement is studied by Roseth, Saltarelli and Glass. The study seeks to elucidate perspectives of constructive controversy that many previous researchers have failed to. Constructive controversy is where individuals’ argue the different views in order to arrive at an agreement that integrate the best evidence and reasoning of both parties (Roseth, Saltarelli & Glass , 2011). Theories Contributing to Constructive Controversy Constructive controversy has two theories that account for its relational processes. The first theory is the Social Interdependence Theory which stipulates that the interaction of the individuals determines the results of the interaction. Under social interdependence, cooperative perceptions were strongly associated with increasing relatedness, interest, competence and value (Rosseth et al, 2011). Individualistic perceptions on the other hand resulted into decreases of the same. If the individuals interactions is structured cooperatively the motivation and achievement increases. Secondly there is the self determination theory which hypothesizes that the students’ psychological needs are interrelated and the lack of satisfaction of one will impact on the other needs. These needs include the need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. The two theories are however different in the relational processes that underlie the constructive controversy to achieve the motivation. Secondly, only social interdependence theory specifies a mechanism that may be used in enhancing the students’ motivation, achievement and interpersonal relationships. Self determination only specifies the conditions necessary but does not detail how to create these conditions. Results and Findings Motivation : According the findings of the study, of the four perfectives of motivation, relatedness and value were greater under face to face compared to asynchronous CMC (Rosseth et al, 2011). The increase in cooperative perception causes increases in motivation under Face to Face and synchronous CMC while significant decreases were noted under individualistic perceptions under asynchronous CMC. According to self determination theory, motivation increased because of the fulfillment of students’ self determination needs under FTF and synchronous CMC, decreases of motivation resulted from the lack of satisfaction of the determination needs (Rosseth et al, 2011). Achievement: Achievement of students in online courses is lower compared to face to face. This is shown by the comparatively higher attrition rates in online courses. Increased motivation and achievement result from cooperative and individualistic perceptions fulfilling relatedness needs as under FTF and synchronous CMC. Medium: Medium has no significant effects the students’ performance. This confirms that choice medium of medium does not matter in learning. Good communicators convey social cues by adapting to whatever form of CMC available. Limitations The study is limited in that it had not control for students’ perceptions of CMC technologies. The extent of non significant sample error is therefore unclear. The study had limitation on the length of the constructive procedure. The additional time may enhance achievement by affording more time for processing and review of concepts. Shorter time will demand good time management skills thereby reducing cooperative perceptions, relatedness, interest and value. Conclusion The study clearly shows how social interdependence is more effective over self determination in ensuring achievement of goals and motivation of learners. The study elaborates the positive effects of cooperative learning thereby encouraging its use. Motivation, achievement and social interdependence significant improved with constructive controversy. The results however showed that the choice of media has no effect on the learning process. Reference Roseth C,. J,. Saltarelli A,. J,. and Glass C,. R,. (2011). Effects of Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Constructive Controversy on Social Interdependence, Motivation, and Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 103, No. 4, 804–820 DOI: 10.1037/a0024213. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In fact, human beings have the tendency to blame an unrelated fact for problems they face. The fingers are always pointed to unpleasant weather, traffic, or a terrible morning, but when we think about it, there are a lot of things more reasonable to blame. The daily news on television always celebrates the president’s acts and shows updates on the war on Iraq and politics. The focus of the media is on the famous people of the country and irrelevant issues to the general public, such as murders and other useless information. Have we heard yet of the little but important things such as the reason why there are murderers out there, why such violence exists, or why the most important issue facing America today is divorce? It may seem that the issue of divorce is not significant for a first-world nation, but statistics and facts show that it is. The family is the basic unit of the society that contributes to its make-up. The main victims of divorce are the children and neither the parents. A child’s growth, as directed by the parents’ teachings, affects his attitude, perspective, and dictates what he becomes in the future. To have the chance to live in a house with both parents intact gives the child holistic development emotionally and behaviorally. Fagan and Rector stated clearly that children coming from broken families do poorly in school, become alcoholics or addicted to certain prohibited drugs, become more susceptible to attempting suicide, and are more likely involved in committing crimes. The negative effects of a domestic problem have a direct correlation to the kinds of people that constitute a society. If so, what if the real cause of the major problems are not too big at all rather the simplest relationships formed by the family? This problem needs a resolution that may not involve pickets, rallies, or even laws that take a long time to be approved. Good communication skills and respect for each other create a sound marriage that works for the parents and the children. The family’s foundation should be based on morals and love rather than mistrust and obligation. Parents should ultimately put their children as a top priority and consider their welfare before making an extreme decision of splitting up. The first thing that comes to mind when we talk about a national issue is politics. In this country, it is inevitable to think that the President and his war is the greatest problem to date. Yet this issue will die down in time and be replaced by another after a while. This is the type of self-limiting problem that can be solved by legislators and government officials. Unlike the concerns on divorce, which spans more than a lifetime and affects more than one life, this proves to be more of a national issue to me. On a personal note, it may not be considering the big picture, but it does not disregard the value of having a family based on a solid foundation that assures a better future for children. Works cited Fagan, Patrick and Robert Rector. “ The Effects of Divorce on America.” The Heritage Foundation. 2000. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Run for It! Company Evaluation Essay No matter how hard people complain about cars, pollution, traffic and the related issues, it is impossible to imagine the world without all sorts of road transport. That is why, such companies as Run for It! , which sells tyres for cars, bicycles, trucks and other sorts of transport, will never be out of business. Redefining the company’s mission and analyzing its current strategy, one can possibly define the strongest and weakest points of Run for It! And find out how to enhance the former and fight the latter. To start with, the mission statement of the company, as one might have guessed already, is to provide the clientele with top-notch products and at the same time surpass the rivals in the quality of the product, offering flexible pricing policy. However, it is essential to mention that Run for It! has not entered the world market yet and is currently trying to achieve success in its homeland, i.e., Great Britain. Although Run for It! is not yet the member of The British Tyre Manufacturers’ Association, the company is trying to improve its current sales income to be able to enter the association. Even though the above-mentioned mission statement sounds rather feasible, it is necessary to test its validity using several Socratic questions. Unless the mission statement of the company contains the response to each of the chosen Socratic questions, it will be necessary to redefine the current mission statement, since “ Socratic questions raise issues […] to consider, require analytical thinking to respond, and promote critical thinking” (Gaberson & Oermann, 2010, 245). The first question which seems to be most suitable for assessing the company’s mission and goals is among the questions that probe assumptions. According to the model offered by Forshaw, which looks like “Why are you assuming that X causes Y?” (Forshaw, 2012, 16), the given type of Socratic question applied to Run for It! will look in the following way: “Why is it assumed that providing better qualities will attract more clients to the company?” Answering the given question is rather easy; indeed, it is obvious that the better the services are, the more people will spread word about them and, hence, the more clientele will be attracted to Run for It! . As for the second Socratic question which can test the current mission statement, the following one should be considered: “Can you show me how that works?” (Forshaw, 2012, 16). For Run for It! , the question can be interpreted as “Can one show graphically how fighting the rivals will stimulate the company’s growth?”. Considering the answer to the given question, one must take into account that in Great Britain, as well as in most countries of the world, there has been no monopoly for tyres production since 1980ies (Boyce, 1987); therefore, the number of competitors is constantly growing. Considering the fact that the Run for It! company is going to face a considerable challenge in fighting the rivals, one has to admit that a specific strategy is required. The last, but definitely not the least, the question which Forshaw renders as the “questions about implications and consequences” (Forshaw, 2012, 16) must be addressed. Formulated as “What would happen if that is taken to its logical consequences?” (Forshaw, 2012, 16), the given question can be shaped for the Run for It! company in the following manner: What would happen if the company’s pricing policy is fully flexible? The given extreme is not quite desirable, since fully flexible prices will most likely bring the company losses. Judging by the given conclusions, Run for It! needs to reconsider its pricing policy. Offering more discounts is quite a wise decision. However, it is important to make sure that the company has reasonable revenues as well. Reference List Boyce, R. D. W. (1987). British capitalism at the crossroads, 1919-1932: A study in politics, economics, and international relations . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Forshaw, M. (2012). Critical thinking for psychology: A students’ guide . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Gaberson, K. & Oermann, M. (2010). Clinical Teaching Strategies in Nursing (3 rd ed.) . New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Guidelines in the Book Communicating for a Change Essay The main aim of a speaker is to make their speech mesmerizing and convey the message in a convincing and thought-provoking way. For this very reason, speakers and individuals who communicate directly to the public have to avoid a lot of pointless details in their presentations to make the listeners follow the particular standpoints. Stagecraft is a skill that can be taught and obtained via a detailed analysis of diverse speaking techniques and methods. The communication aim is to change people’s vision of the world. While interacting with the audience, the speaker has to be connected as though they are single-minded human beings in this universe. Their speech has to be a so-called blueprint full of powerful and life-changing messages that have to be cited on the audience’s behalf. In case the speaker finds the response in people’s hearts, the communication goal is completed. In the book Communicating for a Change, the authors offer the readers applicable guidelines abundant with tips on making speech scintillating and memorable. According to this book, the significant aim of a speaker is to make their listeners hover about the subject and see the main roots of the observed topic. It is highly challenging as a topic consists of several parts such as an introduction, a thesis, arguments and evidence, a research base, and a conclusion. Flipping through pages and drafts, the speaker has to pick up a primary thought or a notion that has to be a hook for people’s attention. Following this philosophy, a listener can apply the “to understand why, submit and apply” frame 1 . While developing a theme after introducing a subject via simple but not ambiguous statements, the speaker has to expand their communication goal. It is essential to present a detailed project using only crucial details so as not to overload students’ minds. The presentation or speech has to have a concrete “map” for listeners to remember. This outline of important details makes them revise the reference book presented by the speaker regularly, as the presentation or a project is abundant of ideas that might come in handy. While developing a theme, the speaker has to create a connection with their listeners, as though they are closely connected and stick to each other. The crucial idea of this book is that people must have the mutual standpoints and perspectives the communication components allocate. The speaker has to find feedback and commitment in their audience’s eyes. It can be allowed to omit several communication details, but it is vital to make listeners totally immersed in the interaction process. During the communication process, the speaker has to present a major identification of ideas they speak to in order to make their statements having valid data and a research base be trusted and not questioned. Except for excellent communication skills, the speech must be full of reliable details and information that can be checked through open sources. This is a beneficial combination or a “bingo” that makes the message not only fascinating but distinct and clear-cut. Although overall the authors create a convincing arguments in the book, there are certain oversimplified examples that take away from the validity of their points. For example, claiming that one who is “really committed to communication” must necessarily follow the book’s advice 2 . Furthermore, the book has a strong religious theme throughout, which might make it difficult for some people to apply the tactics in secular settings. The use of ‘God’ as one of the steps in the Map Creation, one of the steps proposed by the authors, immediately alienate a large proportion of potential speakers. Nevertheless, the book is compelling and the advice and steps proposed appear helpful to those that need it. Reference Stanley, Andy., Jones, Lane. 2006. Communicating for a Change: Seven Keys to Irresistible Communication . Multnomah Books. Footnotes 1. Stanley, Andy., Jones, Lane. Communicating for a Change: Seven Keys to Irresistible Communication . (Multnomah Books, 2006), 13-14. 2. Stanley & Jones, Communicating for a Change: Seven Keys to Irresistible Communication, 39. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Religion, Politics, and Social Justice Essay Religion has always played an important role in people’s lives, but it has been acknowledged that organized religions are in decline now, which is specifically apparent in developed countries. Kotkin (2019) finds the major reason behind this shift towards more secular ways of life in people’s focus on their actions and behaviors with less trust in an almighty supernatural force. People tend to embrace ideology as their faith rather than religious teaching, so they have some guidance but have no trust in a god, focusing on their behaviors and outcomes. Organized religions want to change and implement rebranding to fit the new trend, concentrating on social justice in general rather than the individual spiritual aspirations of a person or a family. However, this attitude can become a certain obstacle to the struggle for social justice in general. The clash between politics and religion can make people’s attempts less effective. Notably, the three major religions are based on the principles of social justice. However, this concept is hardly properly defined in any of the teachings (Accomazzo et al., 2014). On the contrary, the basic ideals cherished by worshipers are associated with quite well-understood individuals’ spiritual needs and family values. At that, organized religions pay less attention to this aspect in their attempts to become more environmentally conscious or in their struggle for equality. For instance, in Judaism, people are taught to be respectful and helpful, trying to ensure that the vulnerable (oppressed, ill, poor, and so on) can receive support (BibleProject, 2017). However, the more emphasis Orthodox Jews place on social justice, the more they rely on the groups that are hostile to Judaism or any other religion. In the modern world, people are becoming more secular, looking for spiritual landmarks in political ideologies, which are supported by the media. Political ideologies are also characterized by the focus on social justice, but they are not as universal as major teachings, which makes them more understood. At the same time, political ideologies often segregate populations, making social justice an in-group commodity. Hence, the increasing influence of politics rather than religion can make people concentrate on some groups’ rights that can be secured at the expense of other groups. References Accomazzo, S., Moore, M., & Sirojudin, S. (2014). Social justice and religion. In M. J. Austin (Ed.), Social justice and social work (pp. 65-83). SAGE. BibleProject. (2017). Justice [Video]. YouTube. Kotkin, J. (2019). Why Social Justice Is Killing Synagogues and Churches . Tablet. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Midax Advertising Agency Analysis Report (Assessment) Midax is an advertising agency that aims at acting as an interface between media houses and clients. In this case, the duties of the firm will involve development of ads, programming, and seeking placement of ads on T.V and radio stations depending on the target market. Challenges that small businesses face Small businesses face a number of challenges in maintaining accurate and timely financial statements. First, small businesses normally lack enough financial resources to engage professional accountants. This leads to the small businesses engaging semi-skilled or totally unskilled personnel in recording, processing and producing books of accounts prone to errors. The other challenge is that given that most of this businesses lack financial resource, multi-tasking for staff is the order of the day. Ideally, when staff performs almost four distinct tasks then timely financial statements may not be obtained. For instance, the accountant may also be the HR officer, sales officer, and administrator. Additionally, most small businesses do not understand the type of books to maintain. This is mostly out of ignorance. Moreover, it is possible that these small businesses fable before preparing the correct books of accounts. This means, most times the entries are either erroneous or incomplete leading to lost precious time which results in delayed financial statements. In addition, most of the small businesses normally afford engaging fresh graduates or high school leavers. Such staffs lack the necessary skills and experience that is needed in preparing accurate and timely financial statements. Development of Chart of Accounts Chart Accounts is a list of accounts that indicates the class of item in which monies or equivalent of monies are paid or received. The chart of accounts assists an organization to organize its finances hence segregating the revenues, expenses, and assets together with liabilities. The purpose of this is to ensure that interested parties obtain good understanding concerning the business’s financial health. The listing is made in such a manner to ensure that debits and credit values of the ledger accounts are captured. The following is the chart accounts of Midax Advertising agency. Chart of Accounts of Midax Advertising Agency ($) 1001 Capital Liability 200,000 1002 Loan from XYZ Liability 100,000 2001 Land Assets 65,000 2002 Cash at Bank Assets 45,000 3001 Purchase of stationery Expense 5,000 3002 Purchase – Equipment Expense 75,000 3003 Wages for Actors Expense 1,800 3004 Interest Payments Expense 11,200 4001 Sales of ads Income 15,000 4002 Commission on Sales Income 7,500 4003 Royalties from ads Income 11,200 Midax Trial Balance Description Dr ($) Cr ($) Capital 200,000 Cash at Bank 45,000 Loan from XYZ Bank 100,000 Land 65,000 Cash at Hand 15,000 Printing Equipment 75,000 Accumulated deprec- Printing Equipment 15,000 Purchase-Equipment 5,000 Wage of Actors 1,800 Interest payments 11,200 Company Van 100,000 Accumulated deprecition 10,000 Accounts Receivable 2,000 Accounts Payable 2,000 Sales of ads 15,000 Commission of sales 7,000 Royalties from ads 11,000 Administrative Expenses 10,000 Sales and Distributive costs 16,000 Other operating expenses 14,000 Totals 360,000 360,000 Midax Profit and Loss Account For the period ended 15 th Feb 2012 Amount Sales 15,000 Cost of Sales (5,000) Gross Profit 10,000 Other Operating income Commission of sales 7,000 Royalties from ads 11,000 Other Operating Expenses (14,000) Operating Profit 14,000 Less Other Expenses Administrative Expenses (10,000) Wages of Actors (1,800) Sales and Distribution Expenses (16,000) Finance Cost-Interest payments (11,200) Net Profit (25,000) Midax Balance Sheet as at 31 st December 2012 Fixed Assets: Cost Accumulated Depreciation Net Book Value Land 65,000 – 65,000 Company Van 100,000 (10,000) 90,000 Printing Equipment 75,000 (15,000) 60,000 Current Assets Accounts Receivable 2,000 Cash at bank 45,000 Cash at Hand 15,000 Total Assets: 277,000 Capital 200,000 Retained Profit (25,000) Long term liability Loan from XYZ bank 100,000 Shorterm liability Accounts Payable 2,000 Total liabilities 102,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 277,000 In conclusion, Midax Advertising agency is a highly viable company. The company has a healthy balance sheet. Besides the $100,000 loan it only has one other liability which is the capital. In the same regard, it is operating in an industry that is highly profitable. This is because the operating expenses are not very numerous. Finally, the viability of the business is very high. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The level of company competitiveness in the market is directly proportional to its achievements in forming contacts with the wide public (Seitel, 2011). Public relations practice aims at providing customers with evidence, proving that a company is reputable, and offers products and services of high quality. To effectively reach the goals of public relations practice, specialists should create well-elaborated and achievable public relations plans. The primary purpose for the creation of a public relations plan is to enhance company performance using establishing efficient connections with varied participants of the business process (Bivins, 2011). Toyota has encountered serious problems in this area. In particular, the most significant among the dilemmas that have currently emerged around Toyota is in serious allegations on the level of quality of automobiles, produced by the company. Thus, the most important purpose that the company has is in regaining its reputation among customers. The Public Relations Objectives * Regain customer trust in Toyota quality within the next business year. * Increase media awareness of Toyota quality within six months. * Constantly inform customers about the abundance of Toyota support services. * Regularly explain product limitations to show Toyota excellence in its price category. * Dispel myths about Toyota fragility spread by competitors within the next business year. * Always provide customers with all the necessary information regarding the product firsthand. * Adequately warn the public about quality issues of competitors’ automobiles. * Immediately provide the utmost facts regarding the allegations about Toyota products. * Always being zero tolerant to prejudice by customers and stakeholders. References Bivins, T. H. (2011). Public relations writing: The essentials of style and format (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Seitel, F. P. (2011). The practice of public relations (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Movie “Split” Analysis Essay The movie “Split” is a psychological horror-thriller filmed by M. Night Shyamalan, starring James McAvoy, who plays about a person who has 23 prominent personalities due to sexual abuse happened in his childhood (Fischer, 2017). Each character of the person has a name and story, but the first man portrayed is Kevin Wendell Crumb. He kidnaps and imprisons three teenage girls in an isolated facility. The main character has a dissociative identity disorder (DID): one day, he may be a little boy, and tomorrow he is a strict teacher. When one of his 23 personalities kidnaps three schoolgirls, some of the characters approve of this act, and some want to fix the situation. In the movie, Crumb shows typical symptoms of the disorder, such as the transition from one personality to another occurs spontaneously. Sometimes the change takes a few seconds; other times, it lasts for hours and days, while a person has a memory loss for some time. Each personality has its name, habits, intonation, facial expressions; for instance, “Dennis” imprisons girls, “Hedwig” has a childlike nature and wants to play with them, “The Beast” aims to kill girls and take ownership of the world. The character tried to “fix” the problem by having visits to a psychotherapist. In the movie, we see the scenes of Kevin’s appointment with a psychotherapist. The doctor asks the main character, who is in front of him by building hypotheses, and Kevin confirms or rejects the guesses. When a dissociative identity disorder hits a person severely, the only recommendation for the main character to resolve the psychological issue is contacting a psychotherapist and conducting comprehensive treatment. I would suggest using cognitive-behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapy approaches to treat the person with the DID because it helps to decrease negative responses to stressors, which cause the appearance of other personalities (Dryden-Edwards & Stöppler, n.d.). Furthermore, these approaches are recommended to help a person unite all characters and control them to avoid adverse consequences (Fischer, 2017). References Dryden-Edwards, R. & Stöppler, M. (n.d.). Dissociative identity disorder. MedicineNet. Web. Fischer, K. (2017). Movie ‘Split’ does harm to people with dissociative identity disorder, experts say. Healthline. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What Happened to Adidas in 2009? Case Study At the beginning of the year 2009, Adidas Company marked the first quarter by closing its European and Asian headquarters as a result of a sharp drop in its profits. Herbert Hainer, the CEO and Chairman of the Adidas Group, claimed that this would go a long way in ensuring that great savings would be achieved. In the description of the restructuring process, there has been a new creation of the organisational structure aimed at yielding some long-term developments in the company. In the restructuring process, the aim of the company was to get closer to the consumer through its products. The company sought to develop new levels of management in its structure, where different initiatives would be developed to come up with more effective sales strategies. This restructuring was also meant to look at key markets, in which a global retail market structure would be adopted to enhance financial gains. Lastly, the company sought to have a € 100 million as its annual savings for all the costs incurred (Barton 2). These restructuring processes were of importance in the financial aspect and business situation. As with the creation of a structure in the organisation, this would enhance realignment in the business. In turn it would report Adidas efforts to successfully compete with the international markets, albeit in a challenging environment. A joint model with Reebok has been established to restructure the company’s strategy, which has made it possible to achieve synergy. It is through such collaboration that Adidas products have found their way into foreign markets throughout the world. With this strategy, the consumer and the company are in a good relationship. In addition, this has made finances in the company gain increased significance due to increase in volume of sales. The Chairman of the Adidas Group firmly states that adopting some game changing structures, such as collaborating with other companies, has the potential to refine their business, which is a core task in bringing the consumer and the Adidas brands closer. The first quarter had reported a drop in sales. Therefore, to the business, it was necessary to seek new ideas in an aim to eliminate any unnecessary cost that would in turn contribute to business success. To adopt a restructuring process that would be flexible and effective, Adidas (in partnership with other companies such as Reebok) came up with a joint operating model in European and American. With this strategy, major markets have been accessed with less difficulty. Through this form of collaboration, either partners remains as a single entity, but with renewed strength in its financial sector. Complexity reduction is another restructuring strategy at Adidas Group, where simple products have been greatly accepted in the society. This, in turn, increases the volume of sales. With the above initiatives, a better and healthy business environment has been achieved and financial sustainability will be achieved in the long run. One of the financial and business reasons that influenced restructuring at Adidas was to save on cost of up to € 100 million. Through this, the company expected € 1.8 billion of its annual sales (Beaudry and Groves 2). Another reason was to reduce the regional offices to retail shops, which would bring the consumer closer to the company. Avoiding subsidiaries in the company would contribute to the cutting on costs and an increase in revenue. The business restructuring observed in 2009 was primarily through management. It reported an increase in the company’s revenue and healthy financial reports. With the elimination of regional office, there has been a strong bond resulting from an interaction between global organisation and the local markets. This holistic approach is still being adopted, especially with an increased market speed supported by technologies that are connecting Adidas Group to the rest of the world. In the process of restructuring the company’s own retail business, there is evidence of improved growth in retailers. For instance, this has motivated Adidas Group to appoint a Chief Retail Officer with the responsibility of managing the company’s products (Barton 4). The development of a new organisational structure in different departments such as Finance and Information Technology has enhanced sharing of services. In addition, it has cut on costs, hence a good way of financial saving. The collaboration between Adidas Group and other companies such as Reebok helps the company to identify different synergies. In fact, this is achieved through restructuring process where clear strategies have been developed. With these strategies, company and employees interests have been considered. Synergy has brought about success, with all the strategies under implementation being handled and planned adequately. Through this, a lot of cost is saved due to collective sharing of responsibilities. There is much creativity derived from synergy and through integration, restructuring and dependency, the group has adopted a corporate culture that has helped in achieving its financial and business goals. Synergy has also been a good way of creating sustainability because it has brought about a strong relationship between the company and its material suppliers and stakeholders. This restructuring strategy of having supportive members in the group has the effect of achieving collective performance. Works Cited Barton, Elena. “Adidas Aims For Brighter Half.” FN: Footwear News 65.31 (2009): 4-1. Print. Beaudry, Jennifer and Ellen Groves. “Adidas Plans Restructuring.” FN: Footwear News 65.18 (2009): 2-1. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Managing in a Medical Imaging Department Coursework Modern healthcare services have incorporated expertise in their operations. Technological medical advancements have enabled patient health conditions to be investigated graphically. Detailed descriptions of the human anatomy were generated in the imaging equipments for analysis purposes. Healthcare professionals have employed the services of imaging machines for decades. The generated image process has been referred to as radiology. The desired imagery results were in the form of an investigated patient’s medical status data. The analyzed outcome might have been in the form of figures or images. Imaging technology has been applied in numerous medical procedures for examination purposes. In addition, imaging practices were, equally, applied on body tissues and parts analysis. However, body parts analysis was referred to as pathology. Medical imaging was developed for medical practice to assist in diagnosis without mutilating the human body. The process has encountered several management challenges. Administration of medical imaging procedures has been complicated by increased demand for the services. Nonetheless, technological advancements have permitted medical personnel to have a sustained imaging services provision. Wellbeing provision radiology has experienced speedy transformation over the decades. Factors that influenced the health imaging industry included employee’s duty arrangements, staff administration, and labor accumulation among other issues. Personnel work schedules and work buildup had a negative impact on most medical imaging departments. Nevertheless, an escalated response to an invaluable healthcare and wellbeing imaging was noted (Lau, 2007). Despite the various challenges, healthcare imaging operations have increased in recognition and demand among populations. Health imaging reputation trends can be attributed to beneficial prospects of the procedure. Medical care provision professionals have been challenged by operations in health imaging services. Administrators in most wellbeing organizations had to cope with enormous employee management challenges. Healthcare tasks arranged for staff members posed great difficulties for managers. Managers had to consider numerous employee variables prior to scheduling the work load. Scheduling irregularities often appeared in programmed tasks. Employee suitability and preference to a task were repeatedly collided in the work schedules. Quantities of employee inconsistencies that required consideration complicated duty arrangements programs. Fortunately, highly developed employee follow up tools were invented for managers to utilize. The employee follow up tool was capable of sorting out workers in its database (Congdon, 2009). Health care imaging administrators were equipped with a computerized system for managing worker schedules. Management was equipped to monitor an employee’s assigned task effectively. The scheduling software simplified the complex management tasks of duty arrangements. Major medical imaging departments fitted with scheduling software had better employee tracking results. Healthcare imaging departments have vast amounts of tasks to be completed. Consequently, tasks execution ought to be monitored by management. Medical imaging departments work extent posed threats of performance inefficiencies. Demand for healthcare imaging services was observed as having an upward trend. Therefore, a need for expertise was expected to rise. An increased demand for medical imaging services necessitated monitoring of the service efficiency. Employee scarcity that had not met the augmented medical imaging requirements was a prime predicament to service provision. Medical imaging management ought to have offered administrative directions for a strengthened workforce. Employee proficiency in provision of medical imaging services was critical for better examination and medical patient wellbeing. Inappropriate employee expertise condensed the significance of medical imaging service. Consequently, incompetency impacted negatively on the final outcome of the medical imaging services. Nevertheless, in-house efficiency documentations were observed to control performance trends. Creation of a surveillance system permitted healthcare imaging administrators to reorganize employees’ tasks resourcefully. Ultimately, the monitored administrative procedure generated an enhanced imaging service delivery (Kyes, 2009). A sustained follow up on staff performance and creativity allowed healthcare imaging services administrators to allocate tasks effectively. Workers in healthcare imaging departments had fewer work burdens. The administrative measures permitted workers in the department to perform efficiently. Records on employee work performances enabled managers in healthcare imaging departments to relate work schedules and employees. Continuous training of the medical imaging workforce ensured proficiency in staff performance. A professionally maintained labor force provided services efficiently. Awareness creation among the employees yielded better responses from the service providers and medical patients. A workforce that appreciated the tasks entrusted to them had better output results. Medical imaging technology had developed enormously based on the administrative measures. A maintained professional outlook on medical imaging may perhaps have compelled the administrators to seek advanced knowledge on medical imaging. Majority of current technological developments have been characterized by a modernization trend. It was imperative for medical imaging administrators and personnel to uphold technological inclinations Employee scheduling and workload tracking were fundamental aspects to a relevant worker base. Administration of an effective medical imaging labor force required suitable staff monitoring measures. In summary, a proficient medical imaging workforce performed efficiently after they were monitored. Employees in a medical imaging department were measured in performance and effectiveness. A steady capable labor force may possibly have provided medical imaging services most effectively. Consequently, the benefits of a well managed imaging service provision could have been passed on to the medical patients as valuable services. A well suited administration system may possibly have been advantageous to the medical patients and personnel. Similarly, monitoring measures were necessary for effective medical imaging services delivery; therefore, a sustained capability in handling patients would have been beneficial to all stakeholders. Medical imaging services were developed as a vital component in medical practice. Proficiency in the provision of medical imaging was critical to the final diagnosis of a medical patient’s health condition. Competency in medical imaging can determine the final health condition outcome of a medical patient. Thus, administration in a medical imaging organization must be directed at expert service delivery. Medical imaging accessibility monitoring can be achieved by utilizing software technology. References List Congdon, K. (2009). Overcome Healthcare Chaos With Advanced Scheduling Technology. Healthcare Technology Online. Web. Kyes, K. (2009). Productivity Tracking for Radiologists. ImagingBiz. Web. Lau, L. (2007). Leadership and management in quality radiology. Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal. Vol. 3, No. 3. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Air Pollution and Health Policy in China Proposal Essay The proposed study aims to critically assess the health impact of various forms of air pollution arising from overreliance on coal so as to inform current and future health policy directions in China. Towards the realization of this specific aim, the study will be guided by the following research questions: 1. What are the factors that are influencing the current state of China’s coal production and use? Some of the factors that influence the high production and use of coal in China include enormous population, rapid economic growth, urbanization, and high demand for energy due to rapid industrialization (Kuby et al 795; Zhang & Smith 848). 2. Why does coal pollution still remains a significant threat to the health and wellbeing of the Chinese Population? While fossil fuels remain the largest single source of energy in many countries around the world, coal still remains the dominant source of energy in China as demonstrated by the fact that “…the total energy consumption in China has increased 70 percent between 2000 and 2005, with coal consumption increasing by 75 percent” (The World Bank xi). Other scholars demonstrate that coal is the major foundation of the Chinese economy since it was opened to the outside world in 1978, with recent figures indicating that coal now represents 77 percent of China’s energy production and fuels almost 80 percent of the country’s electricity (Tu & Johnson-Reiser para. 1). These statistics demonstrate that overuse of coal is the primary reason why coal still poses a significant health threat to the people of China. 3. Which coal emissions are harmful to the health and well-being of individuals? Coal, like fossil-based fuels, contains numerous harmful contaminants that are released into the environment without being destroyed during combustion (Peng et al 2284). Available literature demonstrates that “…coal ash commonly contains some of the world’s deadliest metals: arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and selenium” (Gottlieb et al iii-iv). Coal combustion releases various harmful elements into the environment, including sulfur dioxide, lead, mercury and nitrogen dioxide (Zhang & Smith 849). The coal dust consisting of fine particulate matter of less than 10 microns in diameter (PM 10 ) is most hazardous to the health and wellbeing of individuals because this dust can be inhaled directly into the lungs where the clearance period of deposited particulates is much longer, hence enhancing the potential for unfavorable health outcomes (Milena et al 225; Peng et al 2284). 4. What adverse health outcomes are directly associated with coal pollution in China? Coal pollution has been directly linked with a multiplicity of respiratory diseases such as black lung disease and pneumoconiosis (Wang & Christiani 320), various forms of cancer (Gottlieb et al iv), adverse lung development, brain damage, coronary heart disease, and other forms of cardiovascular ailments (Lockwood et al vii). It is important to note that pulmonary disease arising from coal pollution is the second largest single cause of adult mortality in China (Peng et al 2290). 5. What interventions could be put in place to minimize the disease burden arising from excessive coal pollution in China? China needs to move away from overreliance of coal energy and develop other sources of clean energy. The population needs to be educated on how to take precautionary measures in the event that they are exposed to excessive pollution from coal-based activities (Peng et al 2295). Additionally, the government needs to put in place stringent measures to ensure that individuals suffering from various ailments occasioned by coal pollution are adequately compensated by the responsible companies to ensure compliance with the set regulations on coal production and use (Wang et al 1720). Works Cited Gottlieb, Barbara, Stephen G. Gilbert and Lisa Gollin Evans 2010, Coal Ash: The Toxic Threat to our Health and Environment . PDF file. Web. Kuby, Michael, Canfei He, Barbara Trapido-Lurie and Nicholas Moore. “The Changing Structure of Energy Supply, Demand and Co2 Emissions in China.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers . 101.4 (2011): 795-805. Academic Search Premier . Web. Lockwood, Alan H., Kristen Welker-Hood, Molly Rauch and Barbara Gottlieb 2009, Coal’s Assault of Human Health . PDF file. Web. Milena, Tator Adina, Pasculesco Dragos and Jajal Gheorghe. “The impact upon air of pollutants from Rosia coal deposit.” Annals of the University of Petrosani Mining Engineering . 12 (2011): 222-227. Academic Search Premier . Web. Peng, Chaoyang, Xiaodong Wu, Gordon Liu, Todd Johnson, Jitendra Shah and Sarath Guttikonda. “Urban Air Quality and Health in China.” Urban Studies . 39.12 (2002): 2283-2299. Academic Search Premier . Web. The World Bank 2007, Cost of Pollution in China . PDF file. Web. Tu, Kevin Jianjun and Sabine Johnson-Reiser 2012, Understanding China’s Rising Coal Imports . PDF file. Web. Wang, Xiao-Rong and David C. Christiani n.d., Occupational Lung Disease in China . PDF file. Web. Wang, Xiaoping and Denise L. Mauzerall. “Evaluating Impacts of Air Pollution in China on Public Health: Implications for Future Air Pollution and Energy Policies.” Atmospheric Environment . 40.4 (2006): 1706-1721. Academic Search Premier . Web. Zhang, Junfeng and Kirk R. Smith. “Household Air Pollution from Coal and Biomass Fuels in China: Measurements, Health Impacts and Intervention.” Environmental Health Perspectives . 115.6 (2007): 848-855. Academic Search Premier . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Health Issue Central Harlem Rates Manhattan Rates NYC Rates 1. Child asthma emergency department visits 545 cases per 10, 000 children aged 5 to 17. 264 cases per 10, 000 children aged 5 to 17. 223 cases per 10, 000 children aged 5 to 17. 1. Psychiatric hospitalizations 993 cases per 100,000 adults. 750 cases per 100,000 adults. 676 cases per 100,000 adults. 1. Pedestrian injury hospitalizations 32 cases per 100,000 people. 21 cases per 100,000 people. 23 cases 100,000 people. As shown in Table 1 above, the Asthma emergency department visits rate among children between the ages of 5-17 in Central Harlem is 281 cases more than Manhattan rates and 322 cases more than the New York City rates (NYC Health, 2018). This means that the number of children aged 5 to 17 who have asthma in Central Harlem is two times higher than the number in Manhattan and New York City. As elaborated in Table 1 above, the rate of psychiatric hospitalizations among adults in Central Harlem is 243 cases higher than the rate in Manhattan and 317 cases higher than the rate in New York City cases. In summary, the rate of psychiatric hospitalization in Harlem is more than ¼ of the rate in Manhattan and New York City. As indicated in Table 1 above, the rate of pedestrian injury hospitalizations in Central Harlem is 11 cases higher than in Manhattan and 9 cases more than the rate in NYC. The data show that the rate of pedestrian injury hospitalizations is almost ¼ higher than the rate in Manhattan and NYC. The high rate of pedestrian injury hospitalization in Central Harlem is due to regional social inequalities in healthcare access. The list for appropriate community stakeholders for child asthma emergency department visits comprises the public health department, advocacy groups, patients, real estate owners, and law enforcement officers. The public health department has been selected because they will support implement occupational health and safety (OHS) protocols, and advocacy groups will assist advocate for the building of quality houses. Real estate owners will implement the OHS. Patients will increase the process’s credibility by deserting poor quality houses while law enforcement officers will implement the occupation health and safety and housing quality management regulations. The list of appropriate community stakeholders for psychiatric hospitalizations are community members, who will assist psychiatric patients to access hospitals, and elected leaders/officials, who will participate in shunning illegal displacement of people. The other stakeholders are local authorities, whose function is to ensure implementation of displacement regulations, public health departments, who will treat mentor patients, and advocacy groups, who will advocate for people’s rights. The list for appropriate community stakeholders for pedestrian injury hospitalizations comprises media, whose function will be to educate the public on road usage, and law enforcement officers who will implement road regulations. Other stakeholders are the department for transport, which will implement road safety regulations, the governor’s office, which will finance equal access to healthcare, and the community, who will help teach others how to interpret road signs. Potential Drivers to Health Issues in Central Harlem Poorly maintained houses are the potential drivers of asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Approximately 25% of Central Harlem households have heating breakdowns, peeling paints, holes, cracks, and reports cockroaches, mold pests, and smoke, which are the potential trigger of asthma (NYC Health, 2018). The rate of asthma among children in New York City is low because most people live in well-maintained houses (NYC Health, 2018). A study focusing on addressing childhood asthma calamity in Harlem revealed that 30.3% of Harlem children suffer from the disease (NYC Health, 2018). The study indicated that the primary cause of asthma in Harlem are poverty and inequality in health care access among people of color, which dominates Central Harlem (Lim et al., 2017). Therefore, the significant cause of asthma in Harlem originates from poorly maintained houses. The reason behind high psychiatric hospitalization is the difficulties that residents of Central Harlem face. Some of the hitches include disruptions in residential locations due to displacement, making access to preventive healthcare services complex (NYC Health, 2018). According to Lim et al. (2017), adults who lived in gentrifying places in NYC and were displaced to non-gentrifying deprived neighborhoods of Harlem experienced a higher frequency of hospitalization. Therefore, the reason for advanced psychiatric or mental health hospitalization was related to displacement, which made access to healthcare difficult. The driving factor to the high pedestrian injury in Central Harlem is due to social inequalities. A study conducted on pedestrian injuries in the region found that most adults and children preferred walking to their schools or workstations (Lim et al., 2017). The study indicates that most pedestrian injury hospitalization was among the aged and children who had no perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral abilities to negotiate traffic. The group suffered from injuries due to low vision or absent-mindedness while crossing the road. Therefore, the social inequalities in Central Harlem contributed to high pedestrian injury hospitalization. References Lim, S., Chan, P. Y., Walters, S., Culp, G., Huynh, M., & Gould, L. H. (2017). Impact of residential displacement on healthcare access and mental health among original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City . PloS ONE , 12(12), 1−12. Web. NYC Health. (2018). Community health profiles 2018: Central Harlem. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why the English Failed To Carry Their Dreams Out Essay The dreams of Englishmen were to spread freedom, gentle government and Christianity is the world. When the ships went down the North American coasts, English did not plan slavery or forced labor of any kind. They strived to carry out the dream of bringing civility, superior technology and abundance of their motherland to uncivilized regions. Those who were not Christians, Cannibals for example, would receive rough treatment, however, those who willingly joined the English would enjoy all benefits of civilization. This was the dream of English when they arrived to America. However, they failed because the country they wanted to create was Utopian. The English did not take into account the local customs and traditions. They viewed themselves superior to native population and were not ready to recognize the idea that natives might not be willing to follow the British rule. The English failed because they discriminated the people to whose land they arrived. Two-fifth of all the people were enslaved by Protestants and Britons. English sought to bring enlightenment to American peoples, however, they brought only oppression. The failure of the British started the most difficult period in American history – the war against enslavement. English came to found free and independent nation, dedicated to freedom and equality. However, the English, who promoted Christianity and gentle government, held slaves and were willing to join those who did. They did not think of enslaved people are humans who had equal rights to the English’s. Natives who were not willing to accept the English as bearers of progress were thought of as barbarians living in darkness. In addition, the English failed because despite of proclamation of having peaceful mission they pursued their own interests on American land. They did not pay attention to the needs of native population and assumed that the interest of natives had to coincide with the interests of the English. Notably, the rise of freedom in America (the freedom of those who supported the English) was accompanied with the rise of slavery (the enslavement of those who opposed the English). The English did not view themselves responsible for slavery because they gave every person a chance to give up his own system of beliefs and accept the British. The English put themselves on high pedestal and viewed others as inferior. Moreover, the English have introduced the dedication to human liberty and dignity to the American land and at the same time they have developed and maintained a system of labor that denied dignity and human liberty. Despite of honorable mission, the English failed to carry out their dream because they have chosen the wrong tactics. They should not have tried to impose their culture and traditions on local population, but rather help the people to develop their own free and independent nation. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The National Hockey League Enterprises Canada Analysis Essay Identification of the problem The National Hockey League Enterprises Canada (NHLEC) is planning to create a store that will sell its branded merchandise exclusively and avoid relying on large retail stores. However, opening a retail store would run against the organization’s strategy. NHLEC is present in both Canada and the United States. Therefore, implementing this strategy would be highly challenging. The organization’s strategy involves selling merchandise through established retailers such as Walmart. The disadvantage of this strategy is that it obscured NHLEC’s market presence and created inconsistency in the representation of the organization’s brand. This resulted in scattered merchandise, an inconsistent representation of the brand to consumers, and poor brand equity. The chosen strategy should be acceptable to NHLEC’s management team and other stakeholders. Analysis and evaluation The NHLEC is a branch of the National Hockey League Enterprises (NHLE) that is headquartered in Ontario, Canada. Its operations are small and under the control of NHLE, that is headquartered in New York. The major reason why the company was changing its operations was the desire to pursue new opportunities and claim its niche in the apparels market. The main challenge was the management of the organization. Managerial decisions were made in New York even though the organization had headquarters in Canada. Glen Wakefield intends to implement his strategy in Canada and not in New York. Wakefield reached that decision after the realization that his company’s brand was misrepresented among consumers due to the fragmentation of NHLEC’s retail strategy. Therefore, it was not getting the recognition of the management needed. On the other hand, the company’s leadership wanted to present their enterprise as an independent brand in the market. The aim of independent branding was to increase NHLEC’s revenues. The organization’s main retailers such as Walmart were the main cause of the brand’s inconsistency and invisibility in the market. NHLEC could have tried to convince its retailers to implement alternative methods of displaying its merchandise. The apparel industry had undergone several changes that are important to consider before choosing the best strategy to implement. The organization had three potential strategies available to them. First, the management could create a retail store and oversee its operations. Second, they could hire a management firm to run the store. Third, they could acquire space in a department store and thus be responsible for part of the store’s operations. SWOT analysis Strengths The NHLEC is an established brand that has its own customers. Therefore, getting customers would be easy. The management is highly experienced and taking all precautions to ensure that the operations do not sabotage the success of the company. The brand has several options with regard to the implementation of its strategy because of its presence in both Canada and the U.S. Finally, the brand has a ready market for its merchandise. Weaknesses The company does not have enough money to implement the new strategy. In addition, its size is a hindrance because of logistical challenges. The company’s current retailers have been reliable partners and therefore, it is difficult to replace them. Current trends in the apparel industry and demographic changes are hindrances to effective implementation of the strategy. Opportunities The new strategy will make the brand more visible in the market and thus increase revenues. On the other hand, demographic changes favor the implementation of the new strategy because of the high demand for apparel among the young and old generations. Implementation of the strategy will serve as an avenue for implementation of similar strategies in the future that could be important for the brand’s growth and development. Threats The cost of implementing the strategy is quite high and the project’s failure could affect the financial stability of the company. The current state of the economy could affect revenues because of decreased demand for apparels. In addition, large retailers such as Sears and Walmart have taken large market segments with their low-priced merchandise. Alternatives The three alternatives available include opening an independent retail store, hiring a management firm to operate the store, and leasing space from a retail store and sharing the responsibilities of operating the store. Hiring a management firm would involve relinquishing all control to the firm and collecting a 15% licensing fee of the firm’s revenues. NHLEC can also launch a media campaign to boost the presence of its brand and renegotiate with its current retailers in order to change the distribution terms of its merchandise. Recommendations The manager is right in deciding to introduce NHLEC in the market as an independent brand. However, he should enlist the support of other stakeholders. The retail strategy should be implemented both in Canada and New York to increase the chances of success and the brand’s market presence. Also, the manager should not be bothered too much on measures to cut revenue to ensure the successful implementation of the strategy. The aforementioned alternatives are not right for the company. The best strategy should give NHLEC control of the brand’s terms of distribution, lower the costs of investing in employees and infrastructure, and lead to the creation of a profitable outlet. The best strategy would involve leasing floor space in an established department store. This option has fewer costs and lower financial investments and is more profitable than the other alternatives. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Change of Death Attitude From Traditional to Modern Way Reflective Essay Death is part of life; it is inevitable. The perception held by modern societies differs from traditional one. Attitude toward death differs among cultures. Culture is dynamic; people’s views, attitude and belief change with time. People’s culture determines their attitude towards social and natural occurrences. Traditionally, death was seen as end of life of the deceased whereas in modern society death is taken as a transition period from life on earth to life after death. Traditionally, the rate of death was higher than it is in modern life, people had become “used to” death, and it was seen as part of collective destiny of the species. Through it was treated dispassionately; it was a ritual rather than a period of sorrow and tears. In modern life, proper medication and improved lifestyle have reduced death rate; however, at one particular time everybody will have to die. When a person dies, he is given prestigious ceremony in the name of “last respect”; he should be treated decently. Although people have the sorrow and feeling of loss, they are consoled by the belief that death is not the end of life but a promotion to another glory. Which way seems better Modern attitude, belief and perception of death is better than the traditional method; possible efforts are undertaken in the efforts of safeguarding life, they include proper medication. After death, the body is taken to a mortuary where a postmortem operation is conducted to establish the reason for the death. Finally, the person is given a decent burial. Modern perception of death has more respect to humanity that the traditional system. In old days, a number of countries had death penalties as part of their punishments while in modern days there are high numbers of advocates against the deals (Quadagno, 2011). My religion I am a Christian of Catholic faith; in my culture, there have been changes in perception about death. Traditionally death was feared; people could mourn for a number of days and talked about it in low tones. Currently, there has been the acceptance of death as part of life. When a member of the society dies, family members and neighbors mourn for the death for a lesser period than in the traditional system, they console the family of the deceased. In the community, life is holy; it should be respected and protected. Mourning ceremonies take place at the home of the deceased or at a family member’s close to the deceased. In cases where the person was a church member, there are mass services in the home of the deceased with the aim of spreading the gospel to the people. Members of the society consoling family members of the deceased cater for burial expenses; the culture expects that neighbors give financial aid, labor and foodstuffs. When burying the deceased, it is a ceremony with rituals taking place to cleanse and give a decent burial and console the family members of the deceased. When a family member becomes sick, efforts are taken to ensure that proper medication has been given; the move is in the effort of saving life. When death occurs, the body of the deceased is preserved at a mortuary affordable by the family/ community that the deceased comes from. Mourners, friends and relatives of the deceased meet mortuary charges. References Quadagno, J. S. (2011). Aging and the life course: an introduction to social gerontology . New York: McGraw-Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In this paper, several authors’ works on religious topics will be analyzed. To begin with, we will consider the second edition of Reason and faith for philosophy of religion based on the ideas of the nature of faith by Richard Swinburne. The central concept of this work is an extended discussion of the idea of religion and a more profound exposition of the Christian and Buddhist ways of salvation. Swinburne concludes that extra-worldly realities are possible and that there is a reasonable degree of epistemic justification for their appropriate consent on the part of the religious person (2005). From an epistemological perspective, the propositional Christian faith is seen by the author as a mental state in which one piece of information is contrasted with another. Following, Can it be rational to have faith by Lara Burchak will be analyzed. The central concept of the paper is to argue that faith can be rational in some specific cases. The epistemology of Burchack’s work may well be interpreted as an argument as to whether or not epistemology extends to religious belief or whether we should adopt a less rigorous epistemology. Evidentialism is the inherently plausible proposition that faith is only justified if it is commensurate with the evidence (Pritchard, 2017). The author concludes that “belief will be rational to the extent that potential counter-evidence is not very persuasive of the position in question, or to the extent that decisions usually have the costs of deferral” (Burchak, 2012, 225). Having analyzed this work, one can note an interesting approach to rationalizing belief based on the available evidence for its truth. Another interesting work is an article by Daniel Howard-Snyder called Propositional faith what it is and what it is not . The main idea of this work is to look at religion in general and faith in particular from the perspective of a propositional attitude. In terms of epistemology, Snyder’s work reduces it to structuring the hypothesis of a propositional relation to faith and proving this hypothesis. Regarding the conclusions, Snyder arrives at the more or less unambiguous definition of the criteria for a propositional relation to religion (2013). Analyzing this work, one can conclude that propositional theses of this work correlate in many ways with other approaches to interpreting religious views and are pretty comprehensive. The last paper to consider is Louis Pojman’s work on Faith, hope, and doubt . The main idea of this article is to identify the differences between the concepts of faith and hope in the context of religion. Pojman argues that religious faith can be based on hope rather than a firm belief in the existence of the object of faith (2015). The epistemology in this work is not based on avid socialism but a specific definition of concepts and their application to religion. This work implies that one does not have to have an unquestionable belief in God to believe. In the meantime, one can live a devotional and worshipful moral life based on the hope that God exists. Analyzing this work, one can conclude that even if the hopeful believer considers the existence of God to be unlikely, the very fact that he hopes for the truth of that existence gives him faith. References Burchak, L. (2012). Can it be rational to have faith? In Chandler, J., & Harrison, V. (Eds.). Probability in the philosophy of religion. Oxford University Press. Howard-Snyder, D. (2013). Propositional faith: what it is and what it is not. American Philosophical Quarterly , 50 (4), 1-46. Pojman, L. P, & Rea, M. (2015). Philosophy of religion: An anthology . Cengage Learning. Pritchard, D. (2017). Faith and reason: Religious epistemology. Philosophy, 81( 1), 101-118. Swinburne, R. (2005). Faith and reason . Clarendon Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Self-Motivation” by Brandon Clark Review Essay The video analyzed in the scope of this paper is titled “Self-Motivation,” presented by Brandon Clark. It is only about 3 minutes long, during which Clark talks about his own personal experiences in finding motivation to do what is needed, while explaining that motivation is necessary to achieve anything in life (TEDx Talks 2016). The chosen analysis mode for this paper is thematic reflexive analysis, using a critical realist approach, examining the objectivity of how the speaker perceives the situation (Clarke et al. 2015). In the video, Clark provides a personal account on how he finds motivation to do tasks he finds boring or unpleasant. His method involves utilizing empathy and putting oneself in the shoes of the person that gave the task, deriving pleasure and comfort from knowing that that the efforts would be met with appreciation (TEDx Talks 2016). This idea has academic backing behind it – Jeske and Axtell (2017) report that appreciation of effort is one of the crucial components of fostering motivation in employees and students alike. Leung (2018) states that empathy-induced motivation is a valid tool for making oneself want to do something, and relates to the Confucian concept of civic, familial, and familiar duties. At the same time, the method of motivation proposed by Clark is not universal, as it reflects only their own experiences and psycho-social parameters. As highlighted by Kezar and Elrod (2020), the method that relies on empathy and appreciation works only in healthy relationships where there is an individual beneficiary to the task who can appraise the effort. People with low empathy scores cannot achieve that, nor is the method applicable when there is no one to appreciate the effort, such as during self-improvement, for example. Therefore, while some people may benefit from Clark’s experience, it remains situational and personally biased. Reference List Clarke, V., Braun, V. and Hayfield, N. (2015) Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods . New York: Springer. Jeske, D. and Axtell, C. M. (2017) ‘Effort and reward effects: Appreciation and self-rated performance in e-internships’, Social Sciences , 6(4), p. 154. Kezar, A. and Elrod, S. (2020) ‘Taken for granted: improving the culture of celebration, appreciation, and recognition in higher education’, Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning , 52(5), pp. 29-36. Leung, Y. H. (2018) ‘is the empathy-induced motivation to help egoistic or altruistic: insights from the neo-Confucian Cheng Hao. Philosophy East and West , 68(1), pp. 140-160. TEDx Talks (2016) Self Motivation | Brendan Clark | [email protected] Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Competitor Analysis for Lounge in Hilton Hotel Proposal Essay Table of Contents 1. Lounge description 2. Competitor landscape description 3. Recommendations 4. References Lounge description The Lounge in Hilton Hotel is a business facility that offers accommodation services to business people and tourists visiting San Francisco (Hilton Hotels & Resorts, 2012). The lounge is located at Chinatown and attempts to exploit business opportunities derived from the uniqueness and popularity of the place. The place is located in San Francisco’s Financial District where a large pool of people comes to do business. In addition, the place is speculative due to its location near the city’s attractions and areas, hence many tourist visit it. In regard to these factors, the visitors find value in the accommodation services offered in the lounge in order to accomplish their missions conveniently. The services are tailored to meet the differing needs of visitors such as conference rooms for business people and beautifully appointed rooms for vacationers. Competitor landscape description Within Chinatown, the target market for most of the competitors in regard to accommodation can generally be divided into three groups: business people, vacationers and general tourists. For business people, the competitors usually compete for convenience. This means that they attempt to make the target customers find convenience in accomplishing their business activities by including necessities such as conference rooms, business centers and communication equipment among others. For vacationers, the competitors compete on comfort for a long period. Many try to achieve this by including family rooms and concierge services for the target customers. Nevertheless, the competitors compete for satisfaction when targeting for general tourist. Most of these come to San Francisco for a short period of time and the competitors try to make their time valuable. Direct competitors include the hotels, inns, clubs and resorts within or near Chinatown. There are over 90 competitors including the famous Executive Hotel Vintage Court, Hotel Triton, Hotel des Arts, Orchard Hotel, Baldwin Hotel, University club and Royal Pacific Motor Inn (Hotels.com, 2012). The direct competitors compete for business people and vocational tourists. They have been vigorous and effective in ensuring convenience, timely, quality and techno-enhanced services. The Hilton Hotel Lounge however has the advantage of price, location and state-of-art technology while most of the direct competitors enjoy prestige and a variety of services. Indirect competitors include business firms, community centers, community hostels and private homes. Some business firms offer accommodation services to their expatriates as well as community centers, community hostels and churches which offer accommodation to tourist associated with their inclination. Private homes again offer accommodation to tourist friends and vacationers. These competitors compete for lower prices and social inclinations effectively. However, they do not offer the comfort, convenience and technological consciousness offered in Hilton Hotel Lounge. Future competitors include new hotels and cultural centers. While the attractions within the city of San Francisco continue to attract new investors, diverse groups have started to form cultural centers such as the Jewish cultural center that threaten the Lounge. These centers might in future offer accommodation to the visitors of particular origins. The Hilton Hotel Longue enjoys first mover advantages over the future competitors such as established customer base and knowledge of the market. Recommendations The competitive analysis suggests that the market is crowded due to the presence of many competitors. There are competitors with superior competencies than Hilton Hotel longue such as firm 1 in the grid. However, the performance of the longue is not very bad as many competitors lag behind in terms of competitive advantages. The analysis recommends that the longue should adopt offensive strategies in order to exploit strengths and capitalize on opportunities (Bharadwaj, Varadarajan & Fahy, 1993). This will be accomplished by first exploiting their technology capabilities to market their business and attract the new pool of visitors expected in San Francisco. Next, the Lounge should use the strong financial capabilities to expand its tangible assets and adopt new technologies in order to accommodate more customers and increase efficiency in service provision. In addition, the longue can focus on its pricing strategy in order to be more competitive against the other competitors using low-pricing strategies such as firm 3 & 4 in the grid. Finally, the longue may advertise about its strategic location and attract new tourists resulting from the increasing popularity of the city. References Bharadwaj, S. G, Varadarajan, P. R. & Fahy, J. (1993). Sustainable competitive advantage in service industry: a conceptual model and research proposition. Journal of Marketing , 57(4), 83-99. Hilton Hotels & Resorts. (2012). Hilton San Francisco Fisherman’s Wharf . Web. Hotels.com. (2012). Chinatown (San Francisco) Hotels-Union Square-Convention Center . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx Project for Social Change Essay Social justice is a critical concept in public health because it helps to ensure that people from various vulnerable populations can achieve better health. Nurse practitioners have an essential role in promoting social justice since they work closely with patients and other care providers. The present paper will discuss the contribution of the project to social justice and social change, as well as the health scholar-practitioners’ role in promoting positive change in healthcare. The project focuses on adults aged 45-64 years who live in Bronx, NY and have type 2 Diabetes. There are two main factors that make this population vulnerable. First, according to Stringer (2015), Bronx has a relatively high share of uninsured persons. The lack of insurance creates critical barriers to obtaining proper healthcare, thus contributing to people’s risk of developing a variety of medical conditions. Secondly, an established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes contributes to the vulnerability of this population. High blood glucose as a result of diabetes can lead to other health issues, including heart disease and stroke (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017). Poor access to care can also delay the treatment of diabetes mellitus and lead to patients developing complications of this condition, including kidney damage and diabetic foot ulcers. The project will seek to improve social justice by identifying gaps in care for this vulnerable population and making recommendations for addressing them. For instance, if patient education is found to be a significant factor affecting diabetes management in the defined population, the project will help to bring this issue to attention and encourage care providers to improve patient education. Consequently, the project will also contribute to social change by spreading awareness about the influence of diabetes on the vulnerable population. This could help to support policy initiatives designed to improve access to care and achieve better health outcomes in adults with diabetes. Nurses have a crucial role in leading positive change in healthcare. According to the Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association (2015), patient advocacy and leadership should be among the primary values for nurses. Nurse practitioners often work more closely with patients than other care providers, which offers them insight into common healthcare issues affecting vulnerable populations. Nurses also have connections with professional organizations and play an important part in interprofessional teams, thus having a unique experience with the American healthcare system. This knowledge and experience can be used to determine focus areas policy initiatives targeting crucial healthcare issues. However, for scholars-practitioners, practice experience is not the only thing that affects their role in leading positive change. They also have access to scholarly resources and can conduct studies exploring significant population health problems. This, in turn, can inform their position in leading positive social change. For example, research can provide evidence of links between poor health literacy and health expenditures. Using this information as part of social change initiatives is essential because it would encourage policymakers to take action. Therefore, scholars-practitioners combine data from studies and their clinical experience to provide recommendations and advocate for positive social change in healthcare. Overall, the project will contribute to social justice and social change by studying issues pertaining to the chosen vulnerable population. The project relates to scholar-practitioners’ role in leading social change, as it would provide information and evidence needed to inform policy initiatives and provide better patient care. As discussed above, scholars’ practitioners have a unique position in promoting social justice, as they can combine their practical experience and research to inform positive change. References American Nurses Association (ANA). (2015). Code of Ethics for nurses . Web. Stringer, S, M. (2015). More than 962,000 New York City residents lack health insurance . Web. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017 ). Diabetes, heart disease, and stroke . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Benefits of the Counsel Report (Assessment) Legal issues are complex and multifaceted the world over, hence the need for clients to invest in credible and qualified counsel to guide them in the legal process. Individuals seeking justice for perceived criminal or civil wrongs often end up misrepresenting facts or entangling themselves with costly legal suits due to lack of adequate exposure to legal proceedings. For instance, in the absence of qualified counsel, only a few victims would independently wade through the waters of tough legal matters involved in deciding whether to take a settlement package or pursue litigation. The present paper purposes to illuminate some varied advantages that the counsel may avail in helping a client decide whether to take a legally abiding settlement package or continue with litigation proceedings. The benefits of involving the counsel are many and varied. First, the advocate is better placed than the client to perform a cost/benefit analysis that would not only contemplate the potential litigation results and potential settlement outcomes, but also the shorter-term and longer-term costs that may be involved. This way, the victim would know which way to proceed for maximum benefits. Second, it is beneficial to engage the counsel when making such a decision as they are better placed to advise the victim on a multiplicity of rights under the legal jurisdiction. Many victims end up losing court battles or entitled settlement packages due to inadequate knowledge and/or ignorance of their rights under the law. Third, it would appear prudent to engage the counsel as they have the legal capacity to make decisions on whether to proceed with the litigation or initiate settlement proceedings soon after the dispute occurs based on the victim’s financial capabilities. In the absence of qualified counsel, plaintiffs have proceeded to incur considerable legal costs litigating a lawsuit while the best option would have been to settle with the opponent to avoid incurring hefty costs. It is definitely worthwhile for the victim to consider settling a court case if the financial and material costs of litigation far surpass the sum that may be awarded when the case goes to full trial. Fourth, the counsel would assist the victim to not only assess the merits of the case, including the factual and legal strengths and weaknesses of the case, deposition results and witness credibility assessments, but also deal with any evidentiary challenges that may arise and how to overcome such challenges in the pursuit of maximum outcomes. These functions will assist the victim decide if it would be in their best interests to take an early settlement package or pursue litigation. Fifth, the counsel would assist the victim to keep strict court deadlines that are vital in preliminary proceedings to avoid technical or legal disqualification. Lastly, a counsel would be better placed to deal with taxation issues that may prove fundamental in reaching a decision on whether to accept a settlement package or continue with litigation. It is important for the victim to engage the services of the counsel right from the start to avoid falling into the many pitfalls that present in our legal system. Indeed, it is preferable to engage the counsel in drawing up the case and consolidating the facts before presenting it to the jury if the case is expected to garner in-depth legal clout. More importantly, the counsel is better placed to understand the legal terminology of any contract or settlement offer the victim may wish to enter into, implying that their services are needed right from the outset. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Simple tasks such as buttoning and unbuttoning a shirt may require assistance when performed by patients with limited motor skills and abilities, which is why it is critical to have instructions related to the activities of the kind. From the kinesiology perspective, the specified process allows training the said skills, as well as developing ten routines that allow patients to feel confident. The activity of buttoning and unbuttoning clothes can be related to the habit of taking care of one’s looks and appearance and represents an obvious utility to the patient. Specifically, it serves as the means of controlling and preventing the development of diseases such as arthritis. In addition, the activity can be considered crucial since it represents an inevitable part of the daily routine. Indeed, since most clothing items are likely to have some kind of buttons or tools for keeping separate pieces together, patients are likely to have to perform the specified process at least twice a day. While the activity is not technically related to any social function, it is an important part of patients’ lives since it constitutes a step in the basic process of getting dressed. Establishing the daily routine that allows patients to remain rooted throughout the day, as well as contributing to the training of motor skills, the task of buttoning and unbuttoning is an important exercise. Therefore, as a part of the OT methods, it needs to be incorporated into the set of traditional activities. However, in the instances where patients are unable to perform the specified task due to the complications such as arthritis, the assistance of an OT nurse is recommended. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
History of International Migration to America Essay America is a multi cultural and a multi racial society with immigrants coming in from any parts of the world. The history of immigration into America dates back to the coming of the Dutch. Today the American society is made up of people from nay countries. There are a number of pull and push factors that have facilitated this movement. Mostly the economic as well as social factors motivate the migration for countries of origin into America. A combination of political, economic and social factors pulled immigrants to settle in America. Blacks from Africa and the Caribbean immigrated to America due to better education opportunities. During the 1600 and the 1700’s African American were forced into America as salves while, in the recent time better economic conditions and job opportunities are the main reason for immigration. A few come to America as political refuges (The American Legion 29; Kent 3). Similarly, better economic condition, job opportunities pulled a majority of Chinese to America from the 19 th century. During the 2800, Asians especially the Chinese came to America as gold miners and farmers. They were pulled into this country due to the existence of large deposits of gold in Californian as well as luxuriant wheat farming which needed cheap labor, of which the white American would not offer. The Chinese, for instance referred the Gold deposits in California Mountain as the “Gim Saam ” which mean the gold mountains (Perkins 1). Unlike the African, Asians came to America due to religious persecution back home. As such they wee attracted to America by the existences of a free society within which there was freedom of worship. Some of these Asians include the Chinese who were escaping the Qing Dynasty due to religious differences in the 1850s. Similarly the emigration of these communities from their home countries into America is facilitated by a number of factors. While the existence of the freedom o worship in was attractive, religious persecution and differences pushed some of these immigrants out of their countries. They found refuge in America. Moreover, economic factors also pushed some of the emigrants from their home countries. In the 1800’s china there was rampant poverty which was characterized by unemployment hunger. This state of affair was the hallmark of the unpopular Qing dynasty. As such, the Chinese left China in such of better jobs elsewhere. Incidentally at the same time, wheat farming as well as gold mining in California was luxuriant. So the emigrated from their countries. Like the Asians, there are economic reasons which cause emigration of African from their countries. The existence of slave merchants in West Africa pulled blacks out of Africa in the 1600s and the 1700s. Currently majority of the black immigrants are from Africa and the Caribbean and move out of their counties to join their relatives in America, the she of better education, better jobs and the promise of better living conditions (Kent 3 to 5). There are many factors, such as political, religious economic and social that have lead to the movement of people from their home countries into America. While each of these pull and push factors have been significant to some extent, some of these factors have played a bigger role than others. Economic factors in this case the search of better jobs, business opportunities as well as poverty in the country of origin has motivated many people to leave their home countries to go to America through out history. In addition social factors such as the need to join ones family in America have lead many to move out of their countries. Likewise, the search for better educational opportunities in America has motivated many especially Africans to migrate. Thus social political factors are major motivation for peoples’ movement from their home countries into America. Works Cited Kent, Mary Mederios. Immigration and America’s Black Population. Population Reference Bureau. 2007. 7 September, 2011 https://assets.prb.org/pdf07/62.4immigration.pdf Perkins, Gwen. Chinese Immigrants. Washington State History Museum. 2007. 7 September, 2011 http://www.washingtonhistory.org/files/library/chineseImmigrants.pdf The American Legion . The American Legion Policy on Illegal Immigration. 2010. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Brewer v. Williams Supreme Court Case Essay Robert Williams, the defendant had escaped out of a mental hospital and resided in Des Moines YMCA. A 10 years girl was reported missing in a wrestling match in YMCA. Williams became the main suspect of the young girls’ abduction after a young boy confessed to have seen him at the YMCA packing his car a large bundle of clothes with “skinny and white legs” on the same day the girl was missing. Williams turned himself in and was ready to confess only in the presence of his attorney in Des Moines. The investigating officer who drove him to Des Moines knew he was very religious and told Williams that the girl deserved a “Christian burial.” William responded with implicating assertions that led police to the young girls’ body. Williams was charged with first-degree murder and jailed. Was the sixth amendment suppressed denying the defendant right to counsel? Yes, the defendants’ right of counsel was suppressed during the jurisdiction process. The defendant was subject to an interrogative environment when the investigator was talking to Williams in absence of his lawyer (Brewer v. Williams, 1977). The defendant was mentally challenged and the police statement drew out incriminating statements leading to his induction. The evidence was wrongly collected and revealed at trial because the defendant’s right to counsel was violated. The case was determined at the Supreme Court in a 5-4 decision and majority opinion held that adversary proceedings had started in absence of the defendants’ counsel violating the Sixth Amendments’ rights (Brewer v. Williams, 1977). The Supreme Court also assumed that the officer who raised the “Christian burial” topic was deliberately violated Williams rights. This is because the officer had written a concordance statement not interrogate the suspect on his way to meet with his lawyer. Robert William was exonerated since the evidence used against him was wrongfully admitted in the court. Reference Brewer v. Williams , (1977) . 430 U.S. 387, 97 S. Ct. 1232, 51 L. Ed. 2d 424. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Diabetes Disease of the First and Second Types Essay Diabetes of type 1 usually develops due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals. The damage to beta cells occurs at a subclinical level for months or years in the form of insulitis. Patients with insulin deficiency cannot process glucose in peripheral muscle and fat tissues. This stimulates the secretion of antagonistic hormones such as glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, and growth hormone (Lee et al., 2019). These antagonistic hormones, particularly glucagon, promote gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ketogenesis in the liver. Consequently, patients experience hyperglycemia and an anionic metabolic acidosis gap. Type 2 diabetes is the most frequently encountered pathology of the endocrine system organs. The core mechanism of disease development is insulin resistance (Lee et al., 2019). It is a decrease in the biological response of cells to one or more effects of insulin at its average concentration in the blood. Insulin resistance produces the inability of insulin-dependent tissues to absorb blood plasma glucose and disrupts glycogen synthesis in the hepatic. Persons with diabetes should eat according to a structured regimen and receive their medications with meals. For type 1 diabetes, a recommended diet includes carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and skim milk. Patients with type 2 diabetes, complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, whole wheat, fruits, vegetables, and beans should be included in the rations (Sinclair et al., 2019). At the same time, for both types of disease should be avoided, consumption of simple carbohydrates such as sugar, pasta, white bread, flour, cookies, pastries. During the first type of diabetes, insulin Degludec (Tresiba) is required together with the diet. It is suitable to confound hypoglycemia in patients over 18 years of age. In addition, Zynquista is an oral medication intended to be combined with insulin (Sinclair et al., 2019). Besides, individuals with type 2 diabetes may require insulin if their diet plan, weight loss, exercise, and anti-diabetic medications are not achieving their target blood glucose levels. In that case, Insulin Degludec may also be appropriate; the oral drug is Metformin. References Lee, P. A., Greenfield, G., & Pappas, Y. (2018). The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials. BMC health services research, 18 (1), 1-10. Sinclair, A. J., Abdelhafiz, A. H., Forbes, A., & Munshi, M. (2019). Evidence‐based diabetes care for older people with type 2 diabetes:A critical review. Diabetic Medicine, 36 (4), 399-413. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The One Time Passwords Technology Description Report Introduction Due to advances in technology, business partners and employees can now access information and resources remotely (Meersman, Dillon & Herrero, 2009). One of the key requirements for financial institutions is that they have to safeguard clients’ information. To do so, banks allocate passwords to clients for use in accessing their accounts. However, this method is prone to hacking (Meersman et al., 2009). This calls for a system that can safeguard the privacy of clients. The paper shall endeavor to examine one-time passwords (OTPs) as a technique that enhances the user’s security. Brief description of the technology The One-Time Password is a single-use password that has been randomly generated (Infosec, n. d.). The system allows banks to send secure single-use passwords to their customers. In addition, OTPs allows banks to improve the security of online banking. However, customers have to request OTPs every time they want to perform a transaction (Infosec, 2008). The customer is first required to provide his/her mobile phone number or e-mail address in order to facilitate the verification process. Once the information has been verified, the bank sends a “One-Time Password” to the user in the form of an SMS. Alternatively, the bank can send a verification code to the user’s e-mail address. The mobile phone number or e-mail address acts as a security measure, and the password sent has a definite expiry period. One of the organisations providing OTPs services is Nordic Edge (Integrated Switched System, 2007). Type of control OTPs prevent unauthorised persons from accessing confidential information (Infosec, n. d.). As such, they are a preventive type of control. In addition, OTPs also restraint or discourage unauthorised persons from accessing confidential information. Strengths and weaknesses Strengths Some of the strengths of the OTPs include: * OTPs do not require policing and policy decisions. * OTPs do not require specific hardware to facilitate delivery * The OTPs require minimal support effort and modest investment * OTPs have a high level of security, and this makes it hard for hackers to manipulate a client’s account. Weaknesses OTPs are characterised by the following weaknesses: * OTPs are prone to social engineering attacks. For example, attackers can deceive consumers to provide them with past OTPs, thereby compromising their security. * The system is prone to human manipulation * OTPs are prone to “man-in-the middle attacks”. * The system is costly to manage. * Some users are reluctant to trust organisations with their valuable information. In what area is the deployment of OTPs is justified? OTPs have gained a lot of popularity in the various sectors of the economy, and more so in the banking industry where they have been deployed in online banking. In this case, the customer has to first register his/her mobile phone number and/or e-mail address with the bank. The bank saved this information in its database. In case the customer wishes to make a transaction with the bank, he/she has to provide his/her mobile phone number and e-mail address for verification. Upon successful verification, the bank sends the customer a one-time password in the form of an SMS. Procedural control surrounding its use OTPs are based on mobile enterprise application architecture (Tyntec Press Release, 2006). Organisations like banks need to document users’ information first in a database. This is important so that in case the client sends a request, the system can locate the client’s information from the database. Once the information has been verified, the system generates a One-Time Password and sends it to the client in the form of an SMS or e-mail. Audit and logging checks The following techniques can be used while auditing and logging checks for an OTP system: * Allowing users to register more than one phone number so that in case one of the phones is lost, they can notify the bank promptly. * Generating a secret key that the user is able to recognise. * The one-time password should be valid for a few hours only, after which the client has to make another request. * The user should be requested to answer a secret question before he/she can receive the one-time password. Cracking the system The OTPs system can be cracked using various methods: Brute-force attack: This is a technique in which the attacker tries to use all the keys in a bid to crack the one-time password. This technique is a very exhaustive way of searching and locating encrypted data. “Man-in-the middle” attack: In this form of attack, the attacker tries to intercept the replies of a bank to its users. The bank assumes that it is dealing with genuine account holders. This allows the attacker to send the desired transaction to the bank. Conclusion OTPs have proven to be a very effective way of preventing identity theft and fraud in areas like internet banking. It is a form of double-authentication system that enhances user security. The system uses the existing hardware and does not require policing. However, it is prone to cracking techniques like the brute-force attack and the “man-in-the middle” attack. Reference List Infosec. (2008). Clavister SMS One-Time Password Service . Web. Infosec. (n.d). One time passwords via SMS secure strong authentication . Web. Integrated Switched System. (2007). SMS one time password . Web. Meersman, R., Dillon, T., & Herrero, P. (2009). On the move to meaningful internet systems: Otm 2009: Confederated . London: Springer. TynTec Press Release. (2006). TynTec Launches Mobile One-Time Passwords for Banking Industry . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Teenage Wasteland” by Anne Tyler Literature Analysis Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The character of Calvin Beadle: The wrong teacher 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Written by the American author Anne Tyler, the short story “Teenage Wasteland” depicts how an education and social system destroys rather than saving children in their adolescent phase of human development. While the choices of Donny are depicted as an example of the wrong choices that most adolescents make, the role of parents, teachers and tutors are shown to mislead the young individual, leading to his “wastage”. In particular, the role of Calvin Beadle (Cal), Donny’s tutor, is used to depict the nature of tutors and teachers who behave like adolescents rather than guiding their students during the difficult adolescent stage of human growth (Tyler 34). Arguably, the initial character of Cal is used to predict the wrong future of Donny within the text, which provides the readers with an insight into the “wastage” of the young individual. The character of Calvin Beadle: The wrong teacher Popularly known as ‘Carl’ in Donny’s school, Calvin Beadle is Donny’s tutor who becomes the worst nightmare for the Cobles because he leads the young Donny in the wrong direction. However, it is worth noting that Donny’s mother lets the events that follow her son’s entry into the world of the teenage-like teacher to happen due to her inability to control her son’s behavior. Calvin preaches strict protestant faith. He is an official who seems to maintain order in his class, but this is ironic because he thinks that he has a good understanding of culture. His name reveals the truth of inflexibility. Cal encourages his students to spend a lot of time in his garage, shooting baskets and listening to records. He thinks that this is the best way to develop the right culture, but ends up being a problem to Donny’s future. Cal has considerable training in psychology, which gives him an opportunity to mentor his students. At first, his presence is welcomed. In the first meeting between Donny and Cal, Tyler uses a foreshadow style of narrative to predict Donny’s future. Tyler says, “…Look at the face of Donny when Cal and other teachers picked him up- full of interest and alight” (Tyler 22). This foreshadow provides the reader with an awareness that Cal is destroying Donny’s future, eventually leading to his “wastage”. Slowly, Cal begins maneuvering a number of aspects in Donny’s life. Tyler says “the tutor had set a large number of rules… the students were not allowed to question any aspect of the school nor were they allowed to approach or speak other teachers…” (Tyler 22). This is one of the evidences of the use of foreshadow because it shows the wrong aspects of the tutor’s character. For instance, prohibiting the students from interacting with the teachers is a clear indication that the students are likely to lead the wrong life because they fail to have more than one mentor. Conclusion Cal’s behavior tends to eliminate other teachers from Donny’s life. Daisy, on her part, fails to notice the problem until one of the teachers in the school informs her. The teacher explains that Donny was still getting bad grades because Cal fails to allow other teachers into his life. Donny spends a lot of time with Cal, but his problems increase significantly. This leads to Daisy’s complete loss of contact with her son. Eventually, this leads to Donny’s complete “wastage” when he runs away from his parents. Works Cited Tyler, Anne. Teenage Wasteland. New York: OUP, 2010. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In this regard, such program applications as CamStudio and Inkscape will perfectly fit this purpose. CamStudio is software that allows users to record the material for Microsoft Windows. The program supports such media platforms as Flash Video, SWF files, and AVI format (CamStudio for Screen Recordings, n. d). The second program, Inkscape, is destined for creating graphic and technical illustrations (Wood, 2007). It is a powerful graphic tool for preparing presentations and supporting and performing various scenarios. Finally, Inkscape is also utilized for vector graphics editing. Introduction The programs selected for integrating into teachers are destined for international students for whom the knowledge of informational technologies is crucial, specifically for those who study online. The application of software is destined for learners specializing in exact sciences, such as mathematics, engineering, and computer technologies. Due to the fact that I have little experience in using technological tools, this is a great opportunity for me to fulfill this gap and understand the role of software in an educational process. My firm belief is that the implementation of CamStudio and Inkscape will contribute to students’ training. In particular, CamStudio permits to record steps carried out by students while making a video or a teacher can record those steps to identify the problems students face in utilizing those technological tools (CamStudio for Screen Recordings, n. d.). The software implementation will also enable students to recognize new technological possibilities and understand how to make their presentations and projects more effective. Implementation The goal for our project is to teach students to create videos and presentations with the help of CamStudio and to teach them how to edit and present graphical information, such as charts and diagrams by means of Inkscape. Such skills will be helpful in studying engineering, marketing, statistics, and computing where charts, videos, diagrams, and presentations are crucial for a successful work. In addition, Camstudio is also essential in an education process because it enables teachers to supervise how a student copes with various assignments. Both programs will be implemented in accordance with Technology Self-Assessment Tool allowing teachers to identify their level of professional development needs and technology proficiency. The implemented tools will be used at least once a week because students should have enough time for understanding the basics of utilizing the software. Besides, they will also have to learn challenges for utilizing these programs in the Internet environment. I believe that the program will attract students because recording and drawing include quite interesting and creative activities. The first lessons will be theoretical in order to prevent difficulties in learning. To be more precise, I am going just to introduce the basic principles of working with this program. The tools are quite easy and safe and provide no stress for student. Therefore, there is not need to inform administration and parents about the program implementation. Outcomes The program implementation will be divided into several parts. The first part will include an introductory lesson about the importance of software application for an educational process. My goal will be just to explain and persuade students that the software is necessary for improving and fostering learners’ exploration of the subject. The second part will be demonstrative in which I plan to outline the benefits of the programs and the major difficulties that might occur while using them. Finally, the third part will consist of practical lessons where students will be trained to utilize the chosen applications. As a final outcome, I seek to involve students in a more creative and responsible work and make them understand the significance of the technological tools for advanced study of disciplines. I believe that the project will have a great success because contemporary learners are more technologically literate so that the introduction of technological tools into educational process will only encourage them to be more interested in a learning process. Samples CamStudio (a tutorial for using the software) The best explanation of the program utilization is providing students with video showing how CamStudio works and how to capture what is presented on the screen. It illustrates precise steps for utilizing the program and for producing the products created by this technological tool (Jymmyrcom, 2007). Making a Flash Video with the help of Camstudio As it has been mentioned before, CamStudio can be applied for using. The sample under consideration explains why it is important to learn the software possibilities in wider contexts. For instance, this technological tool is used to make a flash video with the help of CamStudio (Tyler, 2010). Inscape tutorial – providing basic instructions The video present a comprehensive guide for creating graphic illustrations with the help this technological tool. It allows to understand more clearly how to apply to this program and why this program is important for an educational process. Sample product created by Inkscape Below is a screen shot of the final product produced by Inkscape. The sample demonstrate how to use create text characters design for accomplishing creative and interesting presentations. Reference List CamStudio for Screen Recordings. Screen Video with Cam Studio. Web. Jymmyrcom (2007). Using CamStudio to Screen Record Video Tutorials . Web. Tutor for You (2008). Inkscape Tutorial – Shiny Button . Web. Tyler, J. P. (2010). Creating a screen capture video with Cam Studio . Web. Wood, D. (2007). Tips on Using Inkscape . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Conference Panelist’s, Coordinator’s, Moderator’s Roles Essay Organization of the conference is hard work, and the main participants there are the panelists, a moderator, and coordinator. Each of these parties has particular responsibilities to perform before the conference starts, and those include such aspects as efficient communication, answering the last-minute questions and clarifying all details. The communication between the panelists is essential for a successful conference. Although each of them acts individually and represents their own topic, a panel is one learning session, not three, five, or seven of them. Therefore, all panelists’ ideas should be combined in a logical way. That does not mean that the panelists should talk on the same topic and agree on everything – diverse and controversial questions will only make a panel more interesting. Nevertheless, the main focus should be clear for everyone. To ensure this, panelists should not only send the copies of their works to their moderator, which is required to do at least five working days before the conference but show those to other panelists as well (“Panelist/Presenter Responsibilities” par. 2). The participants can also share their presentations. They can contact each other via email or even organize a meeting through Skype to discuss the most important aspect of the conference together. If the panelists are familiar with each other’s works, they will be ready for discussion and answering the questions and will feel confident and comfortable. That will consequently make the session more pleasant for the audience. The moderator’s role is equally important. A day before the conference, a moderator has to make sure that he has the correct names and surnames of the panelists and can pronounce them rightly. The same should be done regarding their topics. Since a moderator needs to represent each of the participants, he has to know a little information about them, which is why the communication between a moderator and panelists is essential as well. Another important aspect that moderators are responsible for is time. They should understand the panelists’ points and distribute time accordingly to those. During the conference, each of the panelists should have the exact amount of time promised to them, which is why a day before a panel all of them should be clearly informed about how much time they have. For a moderator, it would be helpful to have a “cheat sheet” with all names, surnames, topics, and timing (Romkema and Culliton 1). It is better to print it in a large font so that the needed information can be easily found. Along with it, he should also prepare the list of questions that will help to encourage lively debates and discussions. Finally, a day before the conference, a moderator can meet with the panelists, show a conference room to them, explain the stages of a panel and clarify the remaining details. The primary coordinator’s job is to ensure that the panelists and their moderator are communicating with each other. That is why the day before the conference, he has to inform these two parties, probably via email, about the tasks that they should necessarily do before a panel. Coordinators should also check all technical and organizational details, such as the lightning, the setting of the stage, the availability and serviceability of microphones and other necessary equipment, the presence of meals and snacks, etc. (Kirsner par. 6). To conclude, although clever panelists and interesting topics are essential for a successful panel, those are not enough. Both moderators and coordinators have to do a great job to provide the communication and collaboration between the participants and make sure that all the last-minute questions are answered. Works Cited Kirsner, Scott. Guidelines for Great Panel Discussions: Advice for Event Organizers and Moderators . n.d. Web. Panelist/Presenter Responsibilities, Panels . 2015. Web. Romkema, Jeanette and Michael Culliton. A Learning-Centered Conference: The Panel Moderator . n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Code of Ethics for Nurses in Healthcare Essay Table of Contents 1. Ethical Provision 2. Ethical Principles 3. Ethical Solution 4. Summary 5. References A patient has acute abdominal pain. He belongs to the party of Republicans. He expresses his political views when possible. The patient’s views do not align with the nurse’s ones. The situation is inconvenient for the nurse. The nurse considers the option to hinder the treatment. The nurse may be involved in the discussion. This can result in prejudice or over-involvement. The focus can be removed from the patient’s needs. The situation may lead to adverse patient outcomes. The nurse is to follow the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Ethical Provision There is a provision directly related to the situation. It is Provision 1 in the Code of Ethics for Nurses. The option that the nurse considers cannot be accepted. The nurse is to follow the best ethical practices. Ethical Principles The first ethical principle is beneficence. It is expected that all patients get high-quality care. The patient’s disease should be treated properly. The best approach is to be identified. The second ethical principle is justice. From the nursing perspective, political affiliation cannot distinguish a patient. Equal healthcare opportunities are essential. The patient has the absolute right to proper care. Ethical Solution The nurse should follow the described ethical foundations. The impact of the situation should be lessen. An individual approach should be developed. The patient does not have to feel any tension. A coherent conversation could be started. The conversation should be conducted in the framework of healthcare. An escalation should be avoided. The nurse is to communicate ethically. Opportunities to refrain from political topics should be seized. Both parties are to focus on the disease. Summary 1. The issue that was raised is critical. 2. Two ethical principles and Provision 1 were applied. 3. The scenario given is realistic. 4. The possible resolution was provided. 5. Ethical approach and foundations were utilized. References American Nurses Association. (2015). The Code of Ethics for Nurses with Imperative Provisions . Web. Registered Nursing. (2020). Ethical practice: NCLEX-RN . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Recommendations to Claire’s Antiques 3. Functions of Management Accounting 4. References Introduction Management Accounting measures and reports financial and non-financial information that helps managers make decisions to fulfill the goals of an organization. Management accounting focuses on internal reporting. It differs from financial accounting which measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements for the information of investors, government regulators, and other external parties (Horngren et al 2002). One exclusive advantage of management accounting is that it encompasses performance measurement. Performance measurement encompasses the establishment of budgets that take into account the financial goals of the business. Alignment of the organizational goals, with the goals of the individual members of the organization, becomes the primary responsibility of the management accountant. The performance measurement system to be successful can also establish cost savings goals for the directors and other members of the organization who are responsible for controlling the costs. Recommendations to Claire’s Antiques In the case of Claire’s Antiques, the following recommendations can be made from the perspective of management accounting. It appears that there is a general attitude that the finance accounting group is viewed as pre-occupied with transaction processing not very responsive to the user needs. But in reality, it is not so. It would result in more advantages to the company to form a ‘Finance Leadership Team’. The members of the team are to include line managers, information system people, and finance department managers. The objective of the team is to ensure that the finance department provides information that the customers deem important. These should include: * Budgets and planning * Providing management with readily accessible information and data for supporting decision making By having established the budgets the performance of the organizational members can be measured against set targets. The planning and decision-making process including the budget preparations will be greatly helped by the information to be provided with the guidance of the new team. The second recommendation is to have a relook into the existing costing system and getting it revised to include a marginal costing system. This would enable the vice-president to operations those products where the contribution margin is more which will go to increase the profitability of the company. The calculation of cost-volume-profit ratios and product mix calculations would go a long way in aiding the decisions of the management in respect of improving the profitability of the company. Functions of Management Accounting Thus management accounting can be considered as an integral part of the management process. It adds to the value of the management by continuously probing whether the resources of the company have been put to proper and effective use so that it results in the creation of value for customers, shareholders, or other stakeholders. For an organization to become successful in the highly competitive business environment a sound management accounting practice must be put in place. It involves the understanding of the cost behavior which is fundamental to managerial decision making (Anderson et al 2000). The management accounting information can be used as a support to the actions of the management not only in decisions relating to cost and pricing but also in several other areas including the performance appraisal of the members of the organization through establishing benchmarks for achievement by them. References Anderson, R.I., Fok, R., and Scott, J. (2000), Hotel industry efficiency: an advanced linear programming examination, American Business Review 18(I), 40-48. Horngren T. Charles, Foster George & Datar M Srikant (2002) Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis Edition X Prentice Hall India Private Limited India. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Realism and Naturalism in Howell’s “Editha” Essay Written in 1905, Howell’s “Editha” describes the life of a young patriotic girl who attempts to reach a higher social rank in society by making her beloved to fight in a war. Featuring a middle-class protagonist, the author pictures an ordinary person, whose perspectives on life are formed by authoritative forces, political propaganda, and religion. With respect to literary movements, “Editha” is predominantly a Realist short story, incorporating several elements of Naturalism. The short story contains a number of characteristics of Realism, such as the representation of real life, a focus on ordinary people, middle-class characters, interacting within themes of society and social classes. Despite having blind faith in her country, Editha is not a heroine. She sees war as a duty and an act of honor for an American, saying, “there are no two sides, anymore. There is nothing now but our country” (Howells 1444). Similarly, Editha’s lover, George, represents a Realist character, as he readily acknowledges his mistakes and understands that the prospective dangers of the war are equivalent to a death warrant. Nevertheless, ashamed to disappoint Editha and lose his sense of pride, George chooses love and self-dignity over passive safety. Along with the Realist trends, “Editha” manifests several common characteristics of Naturalism, such as Howells’ pessimistic outlook on the war and social dynamics, influencing Editha’s and George’s behavior. From one perspective, George’s decision to go to the war is an honorable action. However, from the other angle, George is driven by natural instincts of pride to prove his manhood to Editha. Editha, in return, is reduced to act upon her basic instincts, failing to detach from the pressure of society when sharing her attitude toward the war. The story’s plot is filled with violence and corruption as extreme manifestations of Naturalism. In conclusion, Howell’s “Editha” is a valuable piece of Realism, which includes all the essential components of this literary movement, such as the representation of reality, ordinary middle-class characters, and a focus on societal issues. However, in this case, the line between Realism and Naturalism is not sufficiently distinctive, since the story contains a pessimistic outlook and focuses on the basic natural instincts. Therefore, when analyzing the writing, it is critical to be aware of both literary perspectives. Work Cited Howells, William Dean. “Editha.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature , 6th ed., edited by Nina Baym, W.W. Norton, 2002, pp. 1441-1453. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Study sample 2. Data collection 3. Statistical analyses 4. References Study sample A total of 221 patients from the outpatient department of a local medical center were included as the study population. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study sample required for the research. After selection, the patients were followed up to determine their final diagnosis. Only those patients with stage one and two bladder cancer were included in the study. The staging information was obtained from their records with the help of the oncology department. On the contrary, patients with later stages of the disease, those that were unwilling to participate, and those who were too sick were excluded from the research. Based on the demographic factors, the mean age of the patients was 38.02 years, with a standard deviation of 11.59. Moreover, the standard error for the mean was 0.78. The median age of the patients was 36 years. The ages of the patients were further arranged into categories; 1=20-29 years, 2=30-39 years, 3=40-49 years, 4=50-59 years, and 5=60-69 years. The majority (30.3%) of the patients were aged between 30 and 39 years. A total of 52 (23.5%) patients had bladder cancer, while 169 (76.5%) were diagnosed with other illnesses. The research sought to determine the alcohol consumption patterns of the patients. In this view, 137 (62%) patients reported consuming four or more drinks in a month while 84 (38%) of the patients consumed less than four drinks per week. Information on the level of income was graded, with one being the lowest and five being the highest. The intermediary levels were represented by scores 3, 4, and 5. Therefore, there were 9 (4.1%) patients with level 1, 22 (10%) level 2, 44 (19.9%) level 3, 77 (34.8%) level 4, and 69 (31.2%) with the highest level of income. This means that the majority of the patients were categorized as level 4. Data collection The names of the patients were attained from outpatient records, and they were contacted for the interview. Additionally, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the information required for the research. The diagnosis of the patients was unknown during the sampling stage of the study. The variables assessed were based on similar research undertaken by Letašiová et al. (2012) on the risk factors of bladder cancer. Thus, the dependent variable for the study was bladder cancer, while the independent variables were age category, alcohol consumption, and level of income. Statistical analyses The information collected from the patients was entered into an excel database and cleaned. This was then transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as the mean, median, standard error of the mean, and frequencies were analyzed to give an overview of the characteristics of the study population. As aforementioned, the dependent variable was bladder cancer (1=bladder cancer, 2=other illnesses). The coding was done for all the variables. Pearson’s Chi-square test was performed to determine the association between bladder cancer and the independent variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The test was used because the dependent and independent variables were categorical in nature (Franke, Ho, & Christie, 2011). There was a significant association between gall bladder cancer and the level of income of the participants (P=0.01). Additionally, the association between bladder cancer and alcohol consumption was statistically significant (P=0.001). Lastly, the analysis of the association between gall bladder cancer and age revealed the lack of statistical significance (P=0.962). References Franke, M. T., Ho, T., & Christie, C. A. (2011). The Chi Square Test: Often used and more misinterpreted. American Journal of Evaluation, 33 (3), 448-458. Web. Letašiová, S., Medveďová, A., Šovčíková, A., Dušinská, M., Volkovová, K., Mosoiu, C., & Bartonová, A. (2012). Bladder cancer: A review of the environmental risk factors. Environmental Health, 11 (1), 1-5. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Interpretation of the Situation in Nursing Essay Nurses should be able to develop the necessary critical skills to develop a deeper awareness of the patient’s main causes of suffering. In order to do that, they can use methods of relation inquiry and decode contextual factors contributing to the patient’s suffering (Younas, 2020). In this case, the person who needs care is Kimiko Fujikawa and partially her husband Robert. While interpreting the case, it is crucial to be aware of the client’s health and contextual circumstances. Kimiko is a 78-year old woman who suffers from osteoarthritis, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, it is important to recognize that due to COPD and old age, Kimiko probably often experiences coughing and shortness of breath, which could be worsened by her prior history of smoking regularly. Kimiko is most certainly in a lot of pain since her arthritis is extensive. She does not take pain medication, which means that she is used to pain. However, her recent accident may present a challenge to her mobility as her knee is bruised and swollen now. It is important to find ways for Kimiko to move and avoid stiff muscles with minimal risks of injury and falls. As for the client’s COPD, there could be certain implications of her lying on the cold pavement waiting for the ambulance. Robert is has a number of health conditions as well, which become harder to manage when his wife is partially immobilized due to the accident. He has hypertension and Type 2 diabetes, which means that it is important to alleviate any sources of stress and to ensure that Robert has a proper diet to keep his blood sugar levels low. Lastly, it is crucial to mention that both Kimiko and Robert have a great support system. The lack of socializing and community engagement may be an area of concern for older adults. However, Kimiko and her husband have a network of friends and an older daughter living nearby. Despite that, there is no one to care for them on a regular basis since their daughter has a family of her own, while their other two kids live far away. Reference Younas, A. (2020). Relational inquiry approach for developing deeper awareness of patient suffering. Nursing Ethics, 27 (4), 935–945. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
4). The speech is full of outrage and contains allusions to the Bible and the US Declaration of Independence. It is considered one of the best in the history of mankind. The main theses of King’s political speeches were not only the equalization of the rights of Whites and Blacks but also a more global idea – world peace for the sake of the prosperity of mankind. The format of Martin Luther King’s speech is quite simple, as the entire text can be conditionally divided into two parts. The first part presents a picture of an American nightmare full of injustice and humiliation of human dignity. This part is about both the past and the present day, namely, August 28th, 1963. In addition, in the first part of his speech, King calls people to stand up for themselves and their dignity. The second part of the speech, however, is much more positive. It represents King’s view on the bright future of the United States, his dream, his hope and belief in equality and justice for all people, regardless of skin color. Martin Luther King used a variety of rhetorical techniques, such as speech figures and tropes, in his speech. Among these techniques, allusions are the most prominent. For the first time, the allusion in King’s “I Have a Dream” speech is used immediately after the opening sentence, which is an homage to the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. US President Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery with this proclamation. The reference is symbolic and carries a lot of meaning, setting the tone of the speech from the very beginning. “Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation,” said King (1963, pp. 2). This passage is also a starting point – the beginning of the story, indicating the date and place of the event. Among English-speaking speakers, references to Shakespeare and the Bible were especially popular, which is exactly what Martin Luther King did in his speech. For example, King (1963) said: “This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality” (pp. 7). This is a very subtle allusion to the play by William Shakespeare, Richard III . Moreover, King often refers to the Bible in his speech, which, of course, is natural and not surprising because he was a pastor. “It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity” (King 1963, pp. 2), he announced right at the beginning of his speech. This is, in fact, an allusion to Psalm 31, verse 4: “Pull me out of the net that they have laid privily for me: for thou art my strength” (King James Bible 1769). Being a deeply religious person, King artfully weaved homages to Bible into his speech, which only helped him translate his idea to the masses in a more understandable and relatable way. Although this historical event happened a long time ago, the general idea of King’s speech is modern and relevant to this day: it is impossible to win by responding with violence to violence. Martin Luther King’s insistent calls for unity and nonviolent action in response to oppression and brutality are worthy of deep respect and long memory. His speeches have become key moments in American history in the struggle for racial justice. And this particular, unique speech, “I Have a Dream,” is, indeed, a real rhetorical masterpiece, presented in a powerful and inspiring way. Reference King James Bible . (2017). King James Bible Online. King, M. L. (1963). I Have a Dream . American rhetoric. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Interpreting Stanley Jordan’s “Stairway to Heaven” Essay Introduction The performance of Stanley Jordan in “stairway to heaven” was reminiscent of Andy Mckee’s song “drifting” in that both musicians utilized a two handed strumming style when playing yet in the case of McKee he uses a classic wooden guitar while Jordan uses electrical based one. Overall the performance was truly fascinating, it possessed a dynamic sound that was soft and soulful yet brought about thoughts of happier times rather than the moments of deep reflection soul music brings about. Its timbre was somewhat soft and mellow with what was apparently a quadruple meter with the chords harmoniously coming together to produce a soft yet stimulating sound. What is notable about the song itself is that it seemed to possess a rather even “Grave tempo” that was maintained from start to finish with only a slight decrease towards the end of the song itself. Interestingly enough the song seemingly alternated between “Piano” and “Mezzopiano” with the individual notes having an interestingly long duration. It was actually this duration of the individual notes that gave the song its characteristic soulful quality. I would have to say that the reason Jordan chose to utilize an electric guitar for this particular type of song was due to the fact that electric guitars have the ability to increase the duration of particular notes through amplifiers attached to them. By using the amplifiers combined with the “Piano” and “Mezzopiano” characteristics of the song this created a distinct note duration that was absolutely heavenly to hear. Interpreting the Song When listening to the song the audience cannot help but imagine a scene of walking down a country road and thinking about the happier times they had throughout their life. In a way the song is appropriate in that it expresses the idea of what a person would think while walking toward heaven in that they would remember their life for what it was. They would remember both good and bad experiences and how it culminated into them going to heaven. As for me the music can be described as being similar to bittersweet chocolate in that the sweet tonal qualities apparent in several instances is combined with a deep and somewhat bitter soulful melody. The song itself seems to embrace the positive and negative aspect of a person’s life and brings it to the forefront of the mind. It possesses a melody that charms yet saddens and as such one cannot help but feel both happy and sad at the same time. It is at this point that I would like to point out the similarity in playing style and music quality between Jordan and McKee in that the beats in the songs they create as well as the melodies and tonal qualities are somewhat similar with the only difference being one prefers to utilize an electric instrument while the other prefers one made of wood. Both types of music though seemingly speak to ones soul. It creates happiness and regret, sorrow and delight and the feeling that despite all that have happened within life things will get better in the future. Conclusion Based on what I heard I would have to say that Stanley Jordan is a remarkable artist with a great future ahead of him. His distinctive two handed playing style creates an absolutely beautiful melody that based on the audience reaction alone is deeply emotional and helps to sir pleasant feelings in others. On the other hand I would like to mention that I would like to see if he can create music with a more upbeat tone. It would be rather interesting to see this considering how well he played “Stairway to Heaven”. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Communication Analysis in Oil Spills Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. BP Communication Strategy 3. Report by the Harte Research Institute 4. BBC Report 5. Communication Analysis 6. Works Cited Introduction The Deepwater Horizon and the Ixtoc oil spills have been the greatest in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1979, the Ixtoc platform experienced the biggest oil leak ever in history. In 2010, BP Company reported one of the largest gas leaks, which led to subsequent explosions that killed 11 people. The Harte Research Institute and BBC released reports on the causes and effects of the BP spill and Ixtoc disaster. BP Communication Strategy BP presented its disaster report in a review published by Ernst and Young, with aims of briefing stakeholders, investors, communities, and consumers. The company created a breakdown of activities from the time the disaster struck, through the losses, and finally to the response measures. The strategy was instrumental in revealing the company’s social responsibilities and its commitment to consumer satisfaction. The first section sympathizes with families and friends of those affected by the disaster (Ernst & Young par. 1). In the main section, the company illustrates its financial commitment to mitigation strategies. BP also offers its commitment to research to ensure the BP fails to demonstrate its commitment to public safety when it fails to admit responsibility for the technical breakdowns. Additionally, the company does not include any effects of using dispersants during the oil spill. Whereas the traditional oil spill responses relied on floating booms, skimmer ships, and controlled burns, the use of dispersants created challenges in separating oil from seawater. The company has also scheduled its financial commitment towards reviving tourism and fishing, which were worst hit by the oil spill. The commitment does not stipulate the extent within which the company will lay its resources to address the specific issues that led to deep-sea spills. Report by the Harte Research Institute The Harte Research Institute also addressed the BP spill. Although the institute was involved in post-spill research, it gathered information from experts in order to understand the causes, damages, and possible control measures. According to the researcher, BP erred in introducing dispersants, which interfered with normal clean-up activities (Harte Research Institute par. 2). The mitigation strategies reported by the research institute include mapping of shorelines to detect any change (Harte Research Institute par. 9). Additionally, shoreline models will be constructed and distributed to various geospatial laboratories. One of the advantages of the communication strategy used by the firm over others adopted after oil spills is focusing on practical mitigation strategies. It presents detailed accounts of what transpired during the spill. One of the accounts includes the effects of the oil on the microbial community in the region. In fact, it presents statements made by professionals, hence enhancing its authenticity and reliability. Although the report admits that errors were committed during the recovery process, it proposes future solutions to similar disasters. The proactive approach to the specific oil spill is expected to increase trust in the firm. The other advantage is that the company presents its rationale for studying the BP spill. It argues that the findings from the spill will contribute towards identifying better solutions in future spills. Despite the advantages of this communication strategy, the report has one serious disadvantage. The company does not present any information to illustrate its financial commitment towards finding alternatives to dispersants. BBC Report In 2010, BBC published an article on the 1979 Ixtoc spill that took more than nine months to control. The introduction presented the causes, magnitude, and damages incurred during the spill. Similarly, it highlighted different control measures adopted by Pemex, a Mexico’s state-owned company. In the body paragraphs, the article presented conflicting arguments from researchers and fishermen. Whereas some researchers argued that the impact was reduced by winds and other natural factors, others claimed that many fishermen were severely affected by the disaster (Miglierini par. 11). The article was beneficial because it reported different views and perceptions of victims and researchers. Additionally, it attempted to predict the effects of the BP spill to the ecosystem. The last section proposed long-term solutions collected from drilling experts. The communication strategy adopted does not present biased information. In fact, it presented views of victims, drilling experts, and researchers. The collective information focused on facts and attempted to create awareness over the BP spill. Additionally, it assessed the mitigation measures applied after the spill for errors and assumptions that caused the deaths and serious damages to the ecosystem. Finally, it presented professional views on long-term mitigation measures along the Gulf of Mexico. One of the drawbacks was failure by the author to quantify damages caused by the disaster. Although it presented unbiased reports, it failed to explain how the ecosystem was affected by the oil spill. Communication Analysis BP focused on improving its PR by consoling with the affected communities. Additionally, it presented its financial plan and commitment to finding a long-term solution. However, it did not admit to any technical liability during and after the disaster. Harte Research Institute concentrated on faults committed during and after the disaster but failed to establish a connection with the affected communities like BP did. BBC also recognized the losses suffered by surrounding communities. The approach taken by BBC and BP was aimed at building trust with the affected communities. Works Cited Ernst & Young. Deepwater Horizon accident and response . 2014. Web. Harte Research Institute. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Four Years Later. n.d. Web. Miglierini, Julian. Mexicans still haunted by 1979 Ixtoc spill . 2010. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American Trucking Associations Vs City of Los Angeles Case Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Facts 2. Issue 3. Rule 4. Application 5. Conclusion 6. Reference Facts In this case, American Trucking Associations Inc (the petitioner) had sued the city of Los Angeles and others (respondents). The petitioner had devised a concessional agreement with an aim of governing the relationship between the city’s port and all trucking companies that were operating in the port facilities. The agreement paper required all truck owners to fix a placard on their vehicles, each of which was supposed to bear a phone number. Issue Sometimes later, the city of Los Angeles did some amendments to its previous tariff with an aim of forcing all truck companies were party to the agreement. This means that the city wanted all the companies seeking to use the facility were part of its agreement. The requirement further placed a criminal prohibition on the company owners who attempted to violate the regulations. The petitioner sued the respondent, citing the Federal Aviation Administration authorization act 1994 as having been violated. Rule The US Supreme court, sitting in Los Angeles, determined that section 49 of the USCS subsection 14501 (c) (1) expressly pre-empted the placard and provisions for parking as shown in the city’s concession agreement because the requirements therein had the necessary and reasonable effect and force of the federal law. This was determined because the agreement was functioning as a part of the authority’s program that exercised its powers over private companies. In addition, it was backed by criminal punishment. Thus, the SC reversed the judgment by the circuit court, although in part, to the agreement as well as parking provisions. In addition, the court declined to decide on the trade associations. It referred them to further hearings. Application The Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act 1994 is one of the legislation under the public transport laws of the US. It prohibits local governments from developing their own regulations to control carriers that are licensed by the federal government. In this context, the law provides that may not enact its own law or enforce legislation or regulation of any kind related to issues such as pricing, service, or routing of motor carriers (The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, 2013). The petitioner referred to case law Castle v. Hayes Freight Lines , Inc, in which the ninth circuit court had argued that a state could not enforce its regulations on valid motor carriers through “partial suspension” of the carrier’s access to any channel serving any interstate business. However, the respondent defended itself by arguing that the concessional agreement was not affecting by the requirements of FAAAA 1994. In its response, POLA argued that its agreement was exempted as a market participant. Conclusion The case will be used to determine whether the regulations within FAAAA pre-empts “off-street” parking. It will also be used to determine the legal justification of any provision of placard by city and municipality concessions agreements. In addition, it will be used in the legal determination of whether the market participant doctrine applies in interstate commerce. Moreover, it will determine whether the decision by the circuit court in the Castle v. Hayes Freight Lines, Inc bars city and municipality authorities like POLA from enacting their laws and enforcing their own concession agreements through such processes as suspending or revoking access to the facilities. The decision by the Supreme Court of the US will be used to describe the line separating the powers of local authorities and national government in the transportation sector. Reference The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. (2013). American Trucking Associations v. the City of Los Angeles . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Additional Information 3. Diagnostics 4. Differential Diagnoses 5. References Introduction It should be stated that complaints of painless bumps on genitalia can signify many conditions, the diagnostics of which requires gathering more detailed information from the patient. Based on the subjective data given by AB and objective findings, it is impossible to make a final diagnosis, which means that more information should be gathered from this woman. The primary diagnosis of a chancre cannot be rejected, though it cannot be accepted unless supported with results of diagnostics. Differential diagnoses identified include sexually transmitted diseases, such as genital herpes (Simplex II), asymptomatic genital herpes with Chlamydia, and syphilis. However, additional tests should be performed in order to make a conclusive diagnosis. Additional Information Additional subjective information should be gathered from the patient by the health care professional. It is not known if the patient has noticed bumps in the past or this is for the first time. The description of painless bumps is rather broad and insufficient. The patient does not specify where the bumps are localized. She should be asked what recent illnesses she had and if she noticed bumps on any other part of her body and whether there are internal bumps. Considering that AB had Chlamydia two years ago, she should be asked if she had any similar symptoms at that time. Currently, AB states that the bumps are painless, but it should be clarified if she felt any itching before she noticed them and whether she feels any discomfort now. To determine a diagnosis, AB should be asked if the bumps weep or become crusty and whether they change over time. Additionally, more detailed past medical history should be obtained to learn if she had other STIs. In order to reject the diagnosis of contact dermatitis, it should be clarified which food and topical allergies the patient has. Finally, considering that AB has had an STI, a medical professional should ask what protection she currently uses, with whom she lives, and how many people share the bathroom. Objective data also seems to be incomplete, as other body parts should be checked. In particular, it is important to assess her throat for redness and other signs of HSV and her neck for any apparent goiters or nodules. The cervix needs to be inspected for uterine size and presentation (Sullivan, 2019). Bartholin and Skene glands should be palpated for Bartholin’s and Sebaceous cysts. Diagnostics It is impossible to make a diagnosis without performing appropriate diagnostics. Tzanck smear can be used to confirm the diagnosis of herpes infection (Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel, 2016). Nucleic acid amplification tests can be used to identify Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Syphilis Serology should be used for the screening of syphilis and positive results should be confirmed using treponemal tests such as TPPA or FTA-ABS (Morshed & Singh, 2014). Scrapings from the ulcer can be taken to identify spirochetes (Dains et al., 2016). The acetic acid test can be used for examination of cervical lesions. Differential Diagnoses AB may have syphilis with painless bumps being its first signs. This is supported by the fact that the patient has had STIs and is sexually active. Since the ulcer appears on the external labia, it can be in contact with a syphilis sore. This condition can be confirmed with serology or nontreponemal and treponemal tests. The second differential diagnosis to be considered is genital herpes (Simplex II). The condition has an erythematous base and is located in the genital region. The ulcer can be painful, but it does not itch or burn (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, & Stewart, 2015). The third possible diagnosis is asymptomatic genital herpes with Chlamydia. AB can have Chlamydia and Herpes due to her prior history of Chlamydia and sexual habits. In some cases, genital herpes can be asymptomatic, which may explain why AB does not feel itching or burning in her genitalia (Dains et al., 2016). NAATs with vaginal self-swabs are recommended for diagnostics of asymptomatic Chlamydia (Westhoff, Jones, & Guiahi, 2011). However, the lack of data does not make it possible to make a conclusive diagnosis. References Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidel’s guide to physical examination (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2016). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Morshed, M. G., & Singh, A. E. (2014). Recent trends in the serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 22 (2), 137-147. Web. Sullivan, D. D. (2019). Guide to clinical documentation (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Westhoff, C. L., Jones, H. E., & Guiahi, M. (2011). Do new guidelines and technology make the routine pelvic examination obsolete? Journal of Women’s Health, 20 (1), 5-10. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pillsbury Cookie Company’s Challenges Proposal Essay Table of Contents 1. Situation 2. Competition 3. Situation analysis 4. Stakeholders 5. Problem solutions 6. Works Cited Situation Pillsbury is a Canadian manufacturer of the baked goods, whose products, at the moment, are not very well received. Moreover, the cookies that are especially unsuccessful form 75% of the entire Refrigerated Baked Goods (RBG) division. Both strategic and practical aspects of the company’s performance need to be brought to the new level (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 378). The marketing manager of the RBG Ivan Guillen experienced an increasing amount of pressure before making a decision. In this case, the decision was to carry out a study and create an entirely new marketing strategy. The tool defining the details of the strategy was a consumer insight research (Gamble and Thompson 37). Usually, a team of researchers is to conduct an analysis of the consumers’ attitudes towards different variations of the goods and identify the reasons for the lack of marketing success (Hill, Jones, and Schilling 171). The analysis discovered that some types of traditional baked products introduced to the market a long time ago were more popular than the brand’s new refrigerated cookies “Kisses” launched in 2005. The latter ones were adapted from the Pillsbury’s parental company. However, they did not succeed in the competitive Canadian market. Competition The market for baked goods in Canada has a great variety of such products as bread, pastry, and cookies. Nevertheless, there are only a few major competitors for Pillsbury, including Loblaw, Sobeys, and Metro. Pillsbury has an advantage over its competitors because the company provides its products for all the country’s main retailers. This aspect is important because it facilitates the managerial element since the company does not have to administer their own retail (Williams and Lewis 655). However, there is always a risk that the supermarkets will dismiss their products if the customers’ demand decreases. Situation analysis The marketing analysis is aimed to discover certain strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for the company (Eden and Ackermann 110). The first strength of Pillsbury is its name recognition since it manufactures 85% of all the refrigerated baked goods in Canada. Another apparent strength is the support of the paternal company in America. The weakness that resulted in the demand and flat growth was the unsuccessful advertisement campaign. Another discovered weakness was the lack of knowledge of the Canadian market. In other words, the refrigerated cookies were not successful because baking from scratch is more popular than from the pre-cooked dough. Nevertheless, Pillsbury has an opportunity to reintroduce their products due to the support of the paternal company. However, the threats lie in the risk of choosing incorrectly the new marketing campaign and losing the retailers. Stakeholders From the perspective of Pillsbury and its management, the reintroduction of the refrigerated cookies is better than launching a new product as the company already has resources and designed methods of production (Rothaermel 80). From the perspective of the parental company, the new marketing campaign for “Kisses” is more profitable too because the cookies are based on their original product. From the perspective of consumers, the situation is less clear. They deemed the refrigerated cookies convenient, but most customers prefer traditional baking. Problem solutions Pillsbury has all the chances for successful re-entry of its refrigerated baked goods. The main weakness of the previous marketing strategy was a weak appeal addressed to no particular social group. However, with the re-branding of the product and formulating the campaign to which people can relate, the goods may achieve success. Given the fact that people prefer baking from scratch, the campaign has to demonstrate that the refrigerated cookies are as good as the traditionally made ones. Works Cited Eden, Colin, and Fran Ackermann. Making strategy: The journey of strategic management . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2013. Print. Gamble, John E., and Arthur A. Thompson Jr. Essentials of strategic management . New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill, 2014. Print. Hill, Charles, Gareth Jones, and Melissa Schilling. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach . New York, NY: Cengage Learning, 2014. Print. Hitt, Michael, R. Duane Ireland, and Robert Hoskisson. Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization . New York, NY: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Rothaermel, Frank T. Strategic management . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2015. Print. Williams, Wil, and Duncan Lewis. “Strategic management tools and public sector management: the challenge of context specificity.” Public Management Review 10.5 (2008): 653-671. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Observation and Perception Essay Observation and perception are the key elements that greatly influence the field of science. The elements not only shape the view of the general public towards science and scientists, but also enable the scientist to draw appropriate inferences related to different situations. Scientists rely on observation to get reliable evidence on different experiments and studies. On the other hand, the general public relies on observation and perception to develop a view that influences the position of science and scientist in the society (Pion & Lipsey, 1981). This study establishes the impacts of perception and observation in science and scientists. The view of the public on science and the scientists is influenced by observation and perception. In this case, members of the public from children to adults have developed a stereotypical assumption about science and scientists. Scientists have been perceived as individuals who are heavily engaged with their jobs (Pion & Lipsey, 1981). The individuals tend to give more attention to their jobs compared to the social aspects of life. Through observation and perception of the general public, scientists have been portrayed as antisocial individuals who do not care about issues such as public relations or interpersonal relationships with other members of the public. The image given to science and scientist transcends from the media effect. Different media programs in the society tend to portray scientists as individuals with special needs (Pion & Lipsey, 1981). However, the above stereotypical view of the public does not have significant impacts as far as the duties of scientists and the influence of science is concerned. Scientists are individuals who rely on observation and perception to deduce the findings of experiments and studies. Observation in the field of science enables scientist to find solutions to different problems. It also provides the opportunity for scientists to agree on different issues and develop appropriate conclusions that can withstand the public evaluation (Pion & Lipsey, 1981). For observation to stand its merit in the arena of science, it must have the element of objectivity. Science relies on objectivity to evaluate the suppositions of different theories and findings. Unlike the assertions in other fields such politics and economics that are influenced by power, science relies on observable objective evidence to influence its findings and perceptions (Bacon, 1994). To this end, it is widely evident that there is a close connection between observation and perception in science. Observation is deduced from a perceptual experience where individuals are able to touch, watch, listen, taste, and smell. Through observation scientists are able to develop results that are influenced by perception. People develop perceptions from what they can hear, see, touch, or smell (Bacon, 1994). The relationship between perception and observation has portrayed science as an enterprise, which relies on the liberation of the senses. Therefore, the assessment of observation should be based on its accuracy and truth in relation to perception. In most cases, science tends to describe events that fall within the ambits of one’s perceptual experience. However, this approach may not be accurate where different individuals have different experiences in a similar situation (Bacon, 1994). In such cases, science allows intersubjectivity of various individuals to prevail. The element of intersubjectivity in observation and perception depends on the issues being tested. Appropriate data that overrules individual subjectivity can be applied in observations to influence perceptions (Bacon, 1994). References Bacon, F. (1994). The Novum Organum: With other parts of the great instauration . Chicago: Open Court Inc. Pion, G., & Lipsey, M. (1981). Public attitudes toward science and technology: What have the surveys told us? The Public Opinion Quarterly, 45 (3), 303-316. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Project Management as International Business Directions Essay Being an international student from China, I have already learned how it is crucial to develop strong and clear educational goals and apply personal skills. After my graduation from the University of Washington with the Media and Communication degree and practice at several Chinese and American companies, I come to the conclusion that my recently gained qualifications are not enough to do what I actually dream about. I know how to work in a culturally diverse team, interact with people, adjust to changes, and find solutions to various problems. However, I also realize that interpersonal relationships play an important role today. When people ask for services or choose products, they may demonstrate various attitudes and quality expectations. Therefore, communication or interactions should be improved by effective management. That is my primary goal – to become a skilled project manager who is exactly aware of how to work in a timely manner, understands what determines high-quality products and services, and is ready to take responsibility for every detail in a working process. As a member of the Chinese Student Association, I participated in several university-based projects and programs. Our task was to motivate and inspire new international students to become a part of the American culture without forgetting their roots and traditions. We aimed to learn how to adapt to new conditions and support students’ intentions to become a worthwhile part of society. Personally, I face several situations when the demands of one student did not fit the expectations of the rest of the university population. Therefore, I tried to find out many appropriate ways to decrease conflicts and choose an alternative. Still, my negotiating and risk estimation skills were not as good as they could be at the end of the chosen program. Though I was able to achieve good results, the time and efforts spent were solid. I want to use this program as a chance to organize projects and help people in their intentions to facilitate their lives and discover the benefits. One of the reasons why I have to apply to this program is the necessity to change my major and develop good qualities in project management. I want to help people, and the creation of new ideas is a significant step forward. I know that much time and knowledge are required to organize and develop projects. Such details as risk management, cost-effectiveness, negotiation, conflict resolution, presentation, and evaluation cannot be ignored. In the future, I also see myself as a leader of a company or a department that focuses on quality improvement and service accessibility to all people despite their gender, age, cultural preferences, and nationalities. This program is my chance to learn how to combine ethical demands, social responsibilities, critical thinking, and decision-making and achieve positive results. I cannot say that I have poor or zero knowledge in project management. However, my personally gained skills will never be compared to the skills and information that I can learn being a part of this Master of Project Management program. In general, I believe that my application and admission to this program is a solid foundation for my future career. Though I am not sure if I continue my career in China or the United States, I truly believe that the project management sector turns out to be one of the greatest and the best properly developed international business directions with millions of people being involved in it. I dream to be a part of this progress, and this program is the first key I should not lose. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What Can Lawyers Learn From ‘Othello’? Essay Written by William Shakespeare, Othello is a fascinating story, whose setting is on a street in the provincial capital of Veneto, Venice. Shakespeare has employed one of the literature elements by using major characters like, Othello, a hero and the head of armies, Desdemona, Othello’s covert wife, Michael Cassio, Othello’s deputy, Lago, ranked below the lieutenant, among others. Following Cassio’s promotion by Othello, Lago has not been in his terms because, according to him, he deserved the promotion. He declares his hate to his boss, Othello, and secretly manipulates a way of bringing Cassio down from that rank. Cassio later gets the demotion! This story is rich in lessons for all people, but Shakespeare seems to have dedicated it to lawyers. In his works, Shakespeare likens Lago to a lawyer. Shakespeare wanted them to learn that manipulation, as expounded below, is a vice, and ought to appear nowhere in their services to people. Othello’s secret wife, known to be more than a friend, is compassionate enough to assist in whichever situation one is in, provided she is able to. Lago’s plan to have Cassio demoted succeeds. Cassio is demoted, not because he has offended anybody, neither is it based on his job performance. However, he is demoted anyway! Lago is a fox, whose words seem well organised and sensitive as if they are true, but hardly are they. “This is a key Lago tactic. One of the ways he is so successful at controlling others is by leveraging their positive qualities to serve his own ends” (Maslanka October 7, 2010). Lago intentionally approaches Othello’s wife and owing to her sympathetic attribute, he convinces her that if she raises Cassio’s issue of demotion before her husband, he (Cassio), will be restored. This happens, a case that induces questions to Othello, who wants to know why his wife should be the one talking on behalf of Cassio. He imagines an underway relationship between the two, a situation that forces him to kill his wife. In this case, Lago is responsible for the death of the innocent Desdemona, because of his manipulative trait. It is a lesson to lawyers who bear the same character that whatever they do, will affect them at some point. In addition, the issue of rationality, as portrayed by many lawyers, is quite sensitive. They ought to apply it with a lot if vigilance. Many people, driven by their ill motives, end up creating stories that favour them on the expense of others. Lago has been tirelessly looking for a promotion, which he never gets. He approaches Othello and raises the issue of the unfaithfulness of Desdemona. He posits that she has been having affairs with Cassio, though it is a lie. Othello accepts the lie, even without consulting his wife to confirm the validity of the act, showing how rational he is. He ends up depriving her of her life even after others like Emilia rise to support Desdemona’s faithfulness. Shakespeare is addressing the lawyers who, based on invalid excuses from their clients, end up applying the trait of rationality wrongly. They ought to investigate matters first, before declaring sentences to those claimed guilty by others. Moreover, Lawyers ought to be wise when tackling the subject of promotion or demotion of employees. A demotion can carry with it productive results. It can also be a disaster to them. From the story, it stands out clear that if Lago were offered the promotion, instead of Cassio, the death of Desdemona would not have occurred. Othello, who is now likened to a lawyer, ought to have considered the possible repercussions of Cassio’s promotion. If this were the case, he would have realised its effects on others like Lago and probably conflicts therein, as it was evident. In conclusion, though Shakespeare is dead and forgotten, he speaks volumes today through his works. Othello is a story, whose lessons form the basis of arguments for lawyers, not only of today, but also of generations to come. For the upcoming lawyers, Othello is a recommendable book, which can equip them with the knowledge that, they need a good deal of vigilance when interacting with their clients, failure to which they will suffer the consequences. Works Cited Maslanka, Michael. “What Can Lawyers Learn From ‘Othello’?” Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Digital Government Services and Associated Risks Essay As the public expects government services to be simple compared to what the private sector offers, many states institutions worldwide embrace the use of digital technology to ease their service delivery. Digital government services can be illustrated as providing amenities within the parastatal and between the public and government by employing the use of modern information and communication technology (Carte et al., 2016). With the increase in technological advancement, mobile devices have been used to deliver government aid. Before the current digital era, government assistance was offered physically where a client had to visit the physical offices and to seek solutions. However, mobile platforms’ emergence has created an opportunity to access government services in their comfort zones. The help ranges from applying for jobs to filing taxes. Currently, most administrative institutions are using e-government because it integrates all services and one application. Mobile applications are the software designed and incorporated into mobile device to help in accessing digital services. Some apps can be simple and user friendly while others can be complicated, and mostly, they can require security logins, for instance, national identification numbers or passwords (OECD, 2016). Mobile devices that accept the apps include smartphones, and any other hybrid device that uses broadband and cellular. The apps help in communication; thus, they direct the user on the steps to follow to access the services. In the 21 st century, the world has been modernized by technology, enabling people to be more connected than before. Additionally, trade has been eased since entrepreneurs can access the global market with comfort. Technological advancements have ensured that business increases their profits because it aids real-time information delivery; therefore, it enables companies to get immediate feedback from their customers (Carter et al., 2016). Moreover, productivity in employees is enhanced because of the improved functionality. Despite the benefits associated with digital services, there are several risks posed to the public, especially security issues. As the traditional modes of communication, the applications are vulnerable to both internal and external attacks. In most cases, public and other organizations usually complain of unauthorized people obtaining private information without their consent. The main risks associated with the mobile applications include: 1. Insecure communication- In a typical mobile app, information is mainly exchanged in a client-server fashion. This, therefore, implies that during the data transmission via the application, the information navigates the internet and the carrier network of the mobile devices. As a result, attackers can seize the opportunity of the software vulnerabilities and access the user data in the network. Therefore, it can present insecure communication, creating malware in mobile devices. 2. Lack of input validation – Input validation enables a company to assess its software; hence, it can prevent the app’s malfunction. Lack of validation imposes harmful codes into the system that can instigate malfunction in the mobile app (Sharma et al., 2018). As a result, attackers can introduce malicious data into the app, thus, breaching data stores. In a real sense, input validation should be conducted immediately after the data is obtained from an externally located source. Although input validation can prevent malicious data if conducted efficiently, it rarely defends the mobile app against security risks. 3. Insecure data storage – This usually occurs in different locations within the mobile app, and they include cookies, SQL databases, binary data stores, among others. Insecure data storage can be vulnerable and easily compromised without issues such as a framework and jailbroken devices (OECD, 2016). Attackers can maneuver their acts across the mobile app’s security protocols when encryption libraries are poorly performed, making it easy for the criminals to bypass by using jailbreaking or rooting the mobile devices (Sharma et al., 2018). Any access to the app will allow the attackers to manipulate the original app, enabling them to extract crucial information from the system. Therefore, intellectual property loss and identity theft can be experienced. 4. Client code security – issues of code security are usually experienced in mobile applications. They are generally difficult to detect and can take a considerable amount of time to handle. Automated tools are usually used to detect client code security problems, and they are never sufficient; thus, it requires the deployment of a manual system where automation fails. 5. Reverse engineering – Attackers can usually read the codes of mobile applications using reverse engineering. They determine how the app operates on the back end; thus, they can backtrack the processes used to make the application, modify the source codes, and expose the algorithm’s encryption used. In other words, the code used to develop an app can be used against the developer, thus, posing severe surety risks. To curb the security risks, several government agencies have been tasked to propose mitigation measures to improve US citizens’ quality of services. Therefore, the agencies decided to collaborate with other entities to provide Mobile Security Reference Architecture popularly known as MSRA (“Mobile Security R&D Program Guide,” 2019). The program has helped both the government and the private institutions to handle security issues poised by mobile applications, therefore, protecting the citizens. References Carter, L., Weerakkody, V., Phillips, B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2016). Citizen adoption of e-government services: Exploring citizen perceptions of online services in the United States and the United Kingdom. Information Systems Management , 33 (2), 124-140. Web. Mobile Security R&D Program Guide . (2019). Homeland Security. Web. OECD. (2016). Digital Government Strategies for Transforming . Public Services in the Welfare Areas. Web. Sharma, S. K., Al-Badi, A., Rana, N. P., & Al-Azizi, L. (2018). Mobile applications in government services (mG-App) from user’s perspectives: A predictive modelling approach. Government Information Quarterly , 35 (4), 557-568. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sexuality Problem Among Japanese Youth Essay People in Japan do not want to have contacts for various reasons. For instance, the impact of economic stagnation, the effects of the tsunami, and the radioactive crisis influenced people’s minds. They were collapsed and seemed to lose the essence in love and marriage. Japanese men became less ambitious concerning career, while women preferred to be independent. However, Japanese women face trouble at work, even being married. Employers do not take women on serious vacancies because they consider that females can be pregnant. It is more likely for Japanese women to be fired from their jobs after their firstborn births. Japanese males claim their insufficient wages, which constraint them from dating and marriage. Similarly, young people do not want to have sexual relations because of different reasons, including sexual contempt. This disbalance between people’s interests led to an inability to build strong conventional families. It is worth mentioning that social structures strongly criticize cohabitation and parenthood outside of marriage. Women, particularly mothers, suffered all effects of natural and economic disasters very severely. As recent studies have shown, the victims of natural collapses tend to be damaged by preterm birth, harsh stress during and after the pregnancy (Suzuki et al., 2016). Concerning children, they have been born with underweight problems or have never been born (Suzuki et al., 2016). This fact certainly affects Japan’s population, and many sources even suspect the Japanese nation in extinction. Women might become extremely vulnerable to external factors, which may provoke an unwillingness to give birth to children. It can be another reason why Japan’s population is decreasing rapidly. Besides, Japanese people are becoming obsessed with technologies and watching 2D cartoons called anime. As Japan is considered a traditional and law-abiding country, porn movies are strictly banned by the government’s policies. Instead, people created a whole universe of pictured movies, which often demonstrate explicit scenes and behavior. Anime is one of the most explosive media sources, and it still elevates its popularity among Japanese inhabitants. People watch and discuss anime, and it can probably cause a loss of interest in real life. It is feasible to suggest that anime fantasies become a replacement for relationships. Moreover, anime promotes the issue of “hikikomori,” which means a person’s choice to stay isolated and not to participate in different social activities (Kato et al., 2018). It can be the major reason people independently refuse to attempt creating real-life relations, as modern media culture influences them. Concerning Aristophanes, an Ancient Greek comic playwright, it is feasible to suggest that he was not rebelling against sexuality and naughtiness. On the contrary, translators of his plays tried to conceal explicit contents and non-standard discourse (Robson, 2016). There was an explosion of Aristophanes’ plays popularity during the Victorian Era. However, contemporaries followed the Victorian canon on decency and diligence and had to implement specific censorship policies to their translations and adaptations. His plays were much franker concerning sexual maintenance and manifestation. The playwright claimed that sex is a joy, which brings people together. That is why Aristophanes probably would not appreciate sex refusals. As for North America, Japan can serve as a good example of why people should establish relationships. Most likely, it concerns all countries of the globe because sexual relations are people’s basic biological need, which prevents nations from extinction. In general, the number of people who do not have relationships is relatively disturbing for Japan. It means a serious decrease in population for the country and threats to political, social, and economic spheres. References Kato, T. A., Kanba, S., & Teo, A. R. (2018). Hikikomori: Experience in Japan and international relevance . World Psychiatry , 17 (1), 105–106. Robson, J. (2016). Aristophanes, Gender, and Sexuality. Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Aristophanes , Chapter 3, 44–66. Web. Suzuki, K., Yamagata, Z., Kawado, M., & Hashimoto, S. (2016). Effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake on Secondary Sex Ratio and Perinatal Outcomes . Journal of Epidemiology , 26 (2), 76–83. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Chick Corea’s “Spain” Jazz Song Essay A brief historic background Chick Corea was born in 1941 and his real name is Armando Anthony Corea. He is an America musician who specializes in Jazz genre and also plays the piano, and the keyboard. He is a well established and respected music writer especially in the jazz standards. One of his greatest achievements in his career was his contribution in the creation of the famous electric jazz fusion. Corea was a member of the Miles Davis band. He was very instrumental in the bands concerts and performances during its active years. Corea adopted his passion for music and particularly jazz form his father who played the jazz trumpet was the leader of Boston based Dixieland Band. His love for jazz and his success in this field was due to the early exposure that he got as a child since he was surrounded by great influence in the jazz genre. The song Spain was last song in his album the “ Light as a feather” . The song was inspired Joaquin Rodrigo’s concert and it was composed in 1971. Song analysis The song largely an instrumental song and it is a perfect fusion of jazz. This is typical of the jazz pianist and songwriter, Chick Corea. This piece is considered to be one of the most famous works that Corea has ever worked on in his career. While some people consider the song to be a classical a considerable number see it as a contemporary jazz fashion. The song was originally performed by Corea. He was playing the Rhodes electric piano while Airto Moreira was playing the drums. Others involved in the instrumentation included Flora Purim who did the vocals and percussion. Stanley Clerk who was played the bass guitar and Joe Farrell who played the flute were also in the band that played the original rendition. The song has since been recorded by other musicians in different rendition although Corea also had a different rendition recorded. In a certain concert during his early days in his career, Corea performed the song with different artist from the east. He was a Japanese pianist popularly known as Hiromi Uehara. Several versions of the song including flamenco and bluegrass versions have been redone over the years. Immediately after the introduction, the song takes a different turn and plays quick and solid rhythm that resembles the samba feel. Just like the samba stylistic rhythms, the theme and the improvisation sections are repeated. The songs harmony with respect to chord arrangement is different in some section. Its melody is entirely built with the D major and B minor boundaries as it can be clearly heard when playing the song. Due to the songs pace, one is able to notice the numerous changes of notes with the slow temple that allow you to hit the right notes at the right time without a struggle. The songs primary key is the D major but second is B minor which is basically found in the D scale. However, getting the twist in the movement between the two is not very obvious when you listen to the song for the very first time. The texture of the song as noted earlier is a jazz feel with a very calm soothing effect that gives it an edge of a blue feel. The sings instrumentation is quite detailed with the movement of chords and noted in very complicated fashion. Song feature that makes it an American song One of the most notable characteristic that makes this song an American song is the tempo. The American classics have a characteristic slow paced tempo that is prominent in mostly the jazz and blue feels of the American musicals genres. In addition to this, the song involves a careful composition of chords and notes typical of the American music. Due to the early development of the music industry in America, American musicians are well endowed in music theory. This helps them to create musical sounds that observe the musical rules learned in theory. This song is a perfect example of an American song considering the lyrical dynamics and he instrumentation of the entire song. Another feature that makes this song an American song it the use of several instruments that a typical to the American song instrumentation. The composition of a full band starting from piano, the bass, the drums and the flute is a general fill of an American song. The style of music that the songwriter has used is an American born genre. Jazz was born and developed in America. Therefore, this song being a jazz standard rendition, it can only be seen as an American song. The composer has also used the American English which is slightly different from all other forms of English. The colloquial use of the word kick is normally found in the American language. In one of the lines, Corea says “Yesterday, I can say. I got a kick every time I see”. The song can only be described as an American song considering all these features that are normally found in American songs. However, the most striking feature is the genre used in the song. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Living Arrange Ments for College Students Essay Entering college marks the beginning of a new, distinctive chapter in the life of a student. The prospect of partaking in a college environment is exciting. Along with it comes the excitement of choosing the type of living arrangement that is most suitable. Out of the many options available, I would list three of them: renting a single apartment, living in the dormitory, and living at home. Living in a single apartment has many benefits. The rent is much lower than dormitory charges. Educational growth is fostered by privacy for studying and exclusive access to the Internet for assistance. Comfort is ensured with a larger living area having its own bathroom, living room, dining room, and kitchen. The apartment complex provides entertainment such as football nights, dancing, and karaoke; personal entertainment (stereo, television, video) can be had without anyone’s interference. Yard space can be used to entertain friends; friends are not hard to find if the apartment is in a location where many students live. Meals of one’s own choice could be had. It is possible to indulge in hobbies like keeping a pet or growing flowers and vegetables in the yard. The greatest benefit is dealing with real-world issues like dollar-consciousness, paying bills and rent on time, buying groceries, cooking food, and learning about household budgeting. The first drawback is dealing with traffic snarls and long commuting time to college. Educational growth is hampered by the absence of live-in, trained staff otherwise available in dormitories. Many hours are wasted in shopping, cooking meals, and cleaning. The student is isolated from family and the larger group of college friends. The ultimate financial outlay is substantial – installing landline/DSL line and utilities, acquiring furniture, equipment, and kitchen utensils; first/last month’s rent has to be paid, with security and clearing deposits; summer months’ rent must either be paid, or someone found to sublet the apartment in summer. The greatest benefit of living in a dormitory is the stimulation of educational growth involving easy access to classes, longer browsing time in the library, greater and closer contact with faculty staff, and assistance from trained live-in staff. Internet facility is available in dormitory rooms. College attendance is optimum due to very close proximity to classes and no time lost in commuting. By opting to live in a residence hall with kitchen facilities, time otherwise spent on shopping for groceries and cooking meals is saved. Physical fitness is assured by easy access to college athletic facilities. Financial benefits include no payment towards room furnishing/facilities/maintenance/repair, summer months’ rent, or for a roommate’s room fees if he/she moves out. Personal safety is optimum due to 24 hours security and free escort to/from campus buildings. Entertainment is provided from mingling with many in-campus friends daily and participating in social functions on campus (dorms are traditionally plastered with fliers about parties). A very significant advantage is getting to know different people and appreciating diverse lifestyles. The greatest drawback is lack of privacy caused by sharing a small room with a roommate, adjusting to the roommate’s lifestyle, inconvenience of sharing community bathrooms in non-suite rooms and noisy residence halls. A dormitory is not conducive to learning – there is noise pollution, doors are always open, and friends, as well as roommate friends, keep coming at all times. Food is restricted to whatever is provided; there is also constant worry about cafeteria closing time. The comfort and security provided by the family are lost. Every human being traditionally resists change. Living at home while attending college ensures the student continues living in a familiar environment involving family, relatives, and childhood friends. The family continues to provide safety, security, and all living comforts. Favorite meals are always available. Living a separate room with Internet facility facilitates studying without noise or distraction; there is more studying time as student needs not to engage in chores like shopping and cooking. Access to familiar neighborhood entertainment venues is assured; also, social networking Web sites like Facebook help maintain a connection with the college social scene. The greatest drawback is the lack of freedom and independence; the student misses out on the first-hand experience in handling real-world issues like setting up and maintaining an apartment and household budgeting. Time is wasted in traffic snarls and long commuting routes to college. While assured of childhood friends in the neighborhood, friendship with college friends is difficult to foster in the absence of mingling with friends within the dormitory or inviting them over to one’s separate living apartment. In my opinion, living in a dormitory is better than living at home mainly due to the independence factor coupled with the opportunity to make new friends and appreciate diverse cultures. However, living in a single apartment is the best because it is not only independent but also enjoys much more freedom as compared to dorm life. Most of all, the student has to deal with real-world issues – a very important, first-hand experience that will be of immense help to the student to fend for himself/herself in the real world – the next new, distinctive chapter in the student’s life. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Parenting is usually a challenging and time-consuming process that includes many struggles and obstacles along the way. One of those is an attempt to teach the child the love to the core and develop the initiative of helping with the housekeeping duties. The research demonstrated that children with indigenous roots are much more willing to voluntarily assist their parents in chores and perform them by their wish (Doucleff, 2018). Thus, this paper will review the different aspects of learning, analyzing some of the concepts on the “Maya method” example. Main body There are three main elements of learning: classical and operant conditions and observational learning. Classical implies the development of the unconscious while operant is responsible for the conscious operations (Coon, et al., 2018). In turn, observational learning is based on the adopted behavior seen in society and the close surroundings (Coon, et al., 2018). Moreover, those concepts are demonstrated in the “Maya method” in how Mexican mothers teach their children to perform chores. For instance, when children feel the smell of delicious food stimulates the unlearned response, they may enjoy the cooking because it resonates with the unconscious pursuit for nutrition (Simon, 2018, 5:32). Another method of teaching a child to do chores is through the operant condition. Unlike the previous example of the classical condition, in this way, a child starts to associate the activities with certain emotions and feelings. Doucleff, for example, integrated games and entertaining into the routine, so her toddler perceives it not as a burden but a pleasant activity that she may voluntarily perform (Doucleff, 2018). In addition, through operational learning, the child quickly remembers and understands the core of the household duties and willingly strives to be integrated into the activities to be a part of the family (Simon, 2018, 3:57). However, physical punishment will only result negatively, and through operant conditions will form the loathing towards the chores. Conclusion In conclusion, conditioning in parenting plays a crucial role, specifically in teaching children how to do chores regularly by their own will. With the classical and operant conditions and observational learning, parents can voluntarily integrate their children into the housework. While building positive associations and reactions with the chore performance, it is still vital to avoid compulsion and physical punishment, resulting in a negative attitude towards responsibilities. References Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O., & Martini, T. S. (2018). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (15th Edition). Cengage Learning US. Web. Doucleff, M. (2018). How to get kids to do chores: Does the Maya method work? . NPR. Web. Simon, S. (Host). (2018). How to get your kids to do chores (Without Resenting It) . [Audio podcast episode]. In Goats and Soda. NPR. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Character Analysis of A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner Essay The society plays a big role in ensuring all human beings have access to basic needs regardless of their social and economic status. The author of A Rose for Emily managed to portray this through the Townspeople who dedicated their resources to ensure Emily has access to a hygienic environment. Love is evident in their commitment to exempt her from paying taxes and other levies due to the fact that she is poor and can not afford money for such payments. This essay discusses the character of the Townspeople with regard to the development of the themes and plot of the story. From the outset it should be noted that the Townspeople have big hearts that allow them to help each other in times of disasters. The first scene of the story is about Emily’s funeral that is described as filled to capacity. This shows their commitment to helping their members in times of tragedies. It should be noted that human beings are social animals and can not live in isolation. This forces the Townspeople to leave their daily activities and attend Emily’s funeral (Wheeler 34). Even though most people living in urban areas are usually busy and can not leave work to attend social functions, the people in the story dedicated this day to show their respect to one of their members. In addition, it is not usual for a common beggar’s funeral to be filled to capacity but this was an exception as crowds filled her compound during her burial ceremony. This shows solidarity and unity among the Townspeople. However, these people have weird perceptions and motives that motivate them to attend Emily’s burial (Sharma 33). We are told that men in particular adored her and viewed her as a symbol of a fallen hero. They admired her beauty before the death of her father and it is probable that most of them would have asked for her hand in marriage. In addition, women attended her funeral due to their curiosity that drove them to want to know what happened to her all these time she had resorted to live a solitary life. When Emily’s father died and left her with no penny except for the old house the community decided to exempt her from paying taxes (Schmoop 78). In addition, they visited her regularly to help repair her house and do some cleaning on her compound. This is a brave act of concern and love for one another. However, their philanthropy ends with the new generation of the Townspeople who demand that she pays taxes just like any other person. This indicates the effects of modernization that threatens to tear the love and sacrifices that human beings have towards their neighbors. It is evident that the local administration represents the modern generations that are clouded by material things and do not value human life (Faulkner 41). The new mayor orders his men to go and demand that Emily pays taxes like other people. These effects are felt further when Homer Barron befriended Emily and they had predicted that the two were going to get married. Even though some people are happy that Emily will have a companion many prophesize doom over that relationship. They think Homer is gay due to his drinking habit with young men and that he is from a rich family and can not marry a girl from a poor family. Conclusion This story captures all the intricate details of modern life that threatens the existence of love and compassion among members in any given society. It depicts how modernization controls important aspects of human life like love and concern for each other. It is one of the best approaches as to how tradition is being eroded by modern lifestyles that ignore the morals and relationships of human beings. Works Cited Faulkner, William . A Rose for Emily (A Tale Blazer) . Logan: Perfection Learning, 1990. Print. Schmoop. A Rose for Emily: Schmoop Study Guide . New York: Schmoop University Press, 2009. Print. Sharma, Raja. A Rose for Emily: Complete Summary and Analysis . Raleigh: Lulu Publishers, 2010. Print. Wheeler, David. “A Rose for Emily” William Faulkner: A Critical Analysis . New York: Dogs Tail Books, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mobile Devices and Personal Relationships Essay With the advent of digital technology, interpersonal communication has changed drastically. I believe that the use of mobile devices as the tools for obtaining quick data has both simplified and complicated interpersonal communication due to the introduction of a mediator into people’s conversations. Specifically, with the shifting of the focus from the participants of communication to mobile devices that facilitate it, the realm of interpersonal communication has received improved information management tools yet lost a substantial portion of live interactions. The opportunity to access information instantly with the help of mobile devices appears to be the leading factor in their popularity. While friends and team partners may be unavailable, a mobile device provides immediate access to a plethora of information that one might need. Another reason for people to shift toward appreciating mobile devices over communication appears to concern the opportunities for receiving new information that the specified devices provide. Sue to the high level of data processing speed, mobile devices offer a much greater range of information than direct communication offers (Subramanian 73). Thus, taking communication at its surface value, people tend to prefer their mobile devices to an actual dialogue. Finally, one should mention the addictive nature of mobile tools. Having developed a habit of checking updates and the related news with the help of a mobile device, one is unlikely to abandon the specified ritual. As a result, the development of dependency occurs, costing one a significant portion of personal life and communication with others. In conclusion, the environment of interpersonal communication has been changed drastically as people’s attention shifted from their communication partners to the devices that facilitate the dialogue. As a result, information has become the priced item to be pursued as opposed to the emotional gratification received as a result of communication. Thus, mobile devices have distorted personal relationships significantly. Work Cited Subramanian, Kalpathy Ramaiyer. “Influence of Social Media in Interpersonal Communication.” International Journal of Scientific Progress and Research , vol. 38, no. 2, 2017, pp. 70-75. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The teacher should always be aware of the special needs of the children, the peculiarities of their character, memory, intelligence and other physical characteristics. Besides, the factor of home education also plays a crucial role in the work with kids. There are two ways how teachers can work effectively with parents of children with special needs. Communication is one of the basic means of working with parents and improving teachers’ productiveness and effectiveness in the process of education. Teachers should organize special discussions with the parents of the children with special needs. The discussions should contain different kinds of advices and hints about the ideas how to improve communication with a child. The hints should be made in delicate form as not to irritate the parent, who may regard the teacher’s advices as an arrogant intrusion into the family life. The teacher, however, should not hesitate providing accurate information and educate parents as well as their children. There are still the situations when the teacher misses the appropriate moment to talk to inform the parents about improper behavior or education of the child. When a situation rises to a serious conflict and hostility from the parent’s side, the only way to settle the situation is to remain calm. In case the parents are claiming the teacher in the low level of education, the teacher should show respect to the parents and listen carefully to the parents’ comments, give proper and adequate replies to each charge. To react in the same rude or ostentatious manner means to cloud atmosphere even more, and results in further harming of the situation. Although, if teacher puts oneself in a defensive position, which can lead to the activation of emotional responses, the parents accept it as arrogance and an attempt to provoke a serious conflict. However, a calm appearance and the readiness for serious and calm discussion may result in the simple way out of the situation. Furthermore, the teacher should develop his/her success in the calm acknowledgement and acceptance of a claimer’s anger and partially agree with the charges. Besides, the teacher should realize that spark of parent’s anger is not always sign of excessive nervousness but could point on the real mistakes in education committed by the teacher. In such case, the teacher should provide self-analyses of the lessons given to the class and discuss it with parent. These initial steps enables to ground the disagreement on the sufficient, solid and well explained facts. The factual description of the facts of improper behavior of the child also enables the conversation to progress in the relaxing of parents hostility. Nevertheless, it is always better to avoid the conflict than find the ways out of it. There are different suggestions how to act to avoid the conflict with parents. First of all the teacher should analyze the situation. To take the situation under control before it turns into conflict demands good teaching and psychologist skills. The child’s attitude to the subject is that the teacher should care most of all as the pupil’s interest in study will always be half the battle in the relation with parents. The teacher should always put oneself on the place of pupils or parents and try to evaluate situation from their point of view. It is always for good to evaluate your personal acts in the way how the others see it, which enables to notice possible merits or demerits of the teaching manner. Additionally, it is always recommended to try your own new ideas or solution on the person whose opinion you respect and appreciate. You may get appropriate criticism, appreciation or useful hints and advices as for the possible changes in your program. The main point here is to hear and listen. The originality of the lessons provided by teacher also evokes additional interest of the pupils. But if some of the children are not able to accept the information in a new way, the teacher makes use of calm conversation with the pupil listening to his case and providing own arguments and trying to reach a compromise. The diversity of the families in the modern world makes Chapter 16 actual and interesting for readers. It is correctly linked with the problem of conflicts solving with people from blended families or children with disabilities. The chapter explains the methods of working with the problematic families and handicapped children. The modern world demands more and specialists who are able to work with kids with special needs, though the chapter provides the information of crucial importance. The forum that erased the question about the ways of solving the conflicts with parents is the most appreciable as it presents the information from the specialists with different experience shared their ideas. The forum also was the most educational as it presented an amount of useful and actual information, useful hints and a beneficial assignment of the experienced teachers. Nevertheless, the deepening of the theme of work with the children with mental or speech abnormalities would be also appreciated. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
He was a Venezuelan revolutionary who fought against Spanish colonialism and established independence in six Latin American states. In 2013, inspired by the grandeur of his life and her family history, Peruvian-American writer Marie Arana released a biography about Bolivar the Liberator. Arana discusses Bolivar’s personality, achievements, downfall, and final legacy in this lecture before the Library of Congress. Firstly, Arana states that despite certain similarities between Bolivar and Washington, she rejects the Pan-American narrative that North and South America’s revolutions were fundamentally the same struggle against imperialism. Bolivar’s uprising was not only against economic exploitation but also against Spanish racial segregation. Despite 300 years of racial mixing, up until that point, Spain was still registering births according to racial pedigree and penalizing darker castes. The revolution was floundering until Bolivar realized that the only way to achieve success was through interracial cooperation. He rallied black people, Native Americans, mulattos, mestizos, invalids in hospitals, pirates, merchants, and freed slaves to his cause. Bolivar fought a revolution and a civil war simultaneously, and Arana argues that this is a vastly different narrative than the one that defines North America. Secondly, unlike most biographers, Arana starts her lecture by presenting Simon Bolivar the man rather than enumerating his phenomenal achievements. Bolivar had a palpable physical presence, legendary stamina on horseback, superb conversational skills, and an insatiable desire for women. He freed six nations and possessed unprecedented power, but he was impulsive and had no patience for disagreement. Arana wishes her listeners to see Bolivar as a human being susceptible to weakness, not only Bolivar as the historical colossus. Thirdly, Arana discusses Bolivar’s other difference from Washington: his glory did not last until death. Bolivar was a brilliant military tactician with a gift for improvisation, but qualities essential during military campaigns have liabilities in peacetime. As a politician, Bolivar made hasty decisions and frequently compromised his ideals. Bolivar eventually realized South America was not ready for democracy and self-governance due to ignorance and systematic disenfranchisement. He decided the government needed a firm executive hand and began making unilateral decisions. He attempted to ratify a life-long presidency and create a hereditary third chamber. Support for Bolivar waned, and he was forced to resign. At 47, he died from tuberculosis in poverty and exile. Arana argues that Bolivar’s supreme power and swift disgrace is a pattern that is constantly played out in South American politics. Fourthly, Arana considers Bolivar’s posthumous legacy. A hundred years after his death, he was already mythologized as the ideal Latin American persona. He lives on as a swashbuckling national hero, and his incredible accomplishments are lionized as past mistakes rescind into the background. He is credited for disseminating the ideas of the Enlightenment and showing Latin America what it could become. Arana argues that his story will reverberate through history because Bolivar’s is the classic story of an imperfect man with a sincere heart overcoming impossible circumstances. In conclusion, Arana presents a complete portrait of Simon Bolivar as the man and the myth. He was a flawed human being who became a despot and died in exile. He also traversed 75,000 miles on horseback to liberate six nations, and he did it by achieving unprecedented interracial cooperation. In his death, Bolivar has become a symbol of daring and freedom. Works Cited Arana, Marie. “Bolivar: American Liberator”. Library of Congress . 2013. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Disneyland Resort Paris Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Factors that influenced the location of Disneyland Paris Resort 3. Difficulties faced in the running of Disney Paris 4. Reference List Introduction The Disneyland Paris Resort is one of the many theme parks of Disney destinations situated in different parts of the world. As the name suggests Disneyland Resort Paris is located at the outcasts of Paris the capital city of France in a place called Marne-la-Vallee. Among the numerous Disneyland Resorts, the Disney Paris resort is attributed to be the most challenging resort. In the year 2006, the Disneyland Paris had three parks that included; the Disney land Paris, the Disney Studio Park, and the Disney village. The Disney village incorporated restaurants and stores while the Disney Paris hosted the theme park itself and the Disney Studio Park was more centered on movie making concepts (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). Factors that influenced the location of Disneyland Paris Resort Prior to its current location of Marne-la-Vallee, at the outskirts of Paris the Disney Company had considered a number of promising and potential locations across Europe, which could be used to proposed Disney Park resort. The major countries that were under consideration were Germany, Britain, France, Spain, and Italy. After considerations and discarding of some countries off the list of contenders, the two countries that remained were France and Spain. Spain chances were boosted by its climate, which resembled that of Florida, a state in which one of the Disney resort is located. However, France carried the day after careful consideration of various factors. The availability of a suitable site that was strategically located on the outskirts of Paris was a crucial factor that was used to determine the Disney resort location. The strategic location of the proposed site as a factor was boosted by the fact that millions of people could access the proposed Disney resort in a matter of hours regardless of if one is driving or taking a flight. This therefore presented a golden opportunity to the Disney Company of tapping the vast unexploited customer base. The good infrastructure system that was coming in and going out of the proposed Disney resort site was also another crucial factor that weighed in deciding France to be the Disney resort destination of choice. France was about to be connected with England by a channel tunnel that was due to be opened in 1994 thus offering an additional infrastructure route that was bound to increase the customer base. In addition to this, the site connection with the rest of Europe could be facilitated by the high-speed TGV network and the French autoroutes network (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). Paris, being one of the favorite tourist and vacation destinations in the world, was bound to rhyme with the idea of a Disney resort that related to a vacation destination in one way or the other (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). The favorable tourist turnover in the region was a motivating factor to its location in Paris. According to a research carried out, majority of citizens in France embraced the idea of a Disney park in France. In addition to this, both the national and local governments in France had gone a step further by offering financial incentives and even expropriation of land from its citizens all with an aim of facilitating smooth construction process of the Disney Park. Difficulties faced in the running of Disney Paris Challenges that faced the Disney Paris were eminent and rocked the park even on its opening date. On the opening date, the smooth opening of the park was park commuter trains’ strikes and to make the matters worse a bomb had exploded on the night to the opening date. The expected 500,000 people on the opening date were down sized to 50,000 people who attended. The protests from the neighboring villages on the noise arising from the park only added more woes to the just established Disney Paris. In the early days of its operations, Disney Paris recorded a low number of visitors as opposed to their expectation. The anticipation of more French visitors as compared to the visitors from other countries turned out to be nightmare for the newly constructed Disney Park in France (McGuigan, 2004, p. 69). The low attendance of guest was attributed to the protests that were conducted by the neighboring villages and the fear possess by the French citizens of losing their culture. For instance, a glass of wine was vital while eating according to the French visitors but unfortunately, the Disney Paris was an alcohol-free park. In addition to this, the hotel rooms at the park were expensive with prices ranging from 110 380 dollars per night (Anon, 2011). The initial weeks of operations in the Disney Paris were filled with a huge number of employees’ resignations. Numerous reasons were stated regarding the resignations that were going on but majority of them were directed to the chaotic operations of the park (McGuigan, 2009, p. 45). The situation was made worse late in the same year when Europe was hit by a recession thereby making property value to drop. This situation forced EuroDisney to experience financial crisis. Reference List Anon. 2011. Case Study: The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney . Web. McGuigan, J., 2009. Cultural Analysis . London: SAGE Publications Ltd. McGuigan, J., 2004. Rethinking cultural policy . NY: McGraw-Hill International. Sehlinger, B. and Testa, L., 2010. Unofficial Guide to Disneyland Paris . London: John Wiley and Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Management Consultancy Project Annotated Bibliography Annotated List of Books and Articles Gothberg, H. (1991). Time Management in Public Libraries: A Study of Public Libraries. Public Libraries, 30 (6), 350–377 The author of this article discusses various procedures, established in public libraries. This study shows how public administrators can make the work of public libraries more time-efficient. Kinnell, M., & MacDougall, J. (1992). Marketing Public Library Services – Opportunities For Change. Library Management, 13 (4), 22–32 This study explains the role of the marketing strategies in public libraries. Furthermore, it shows how the administrators of these organizations can make their services more attractive to the readers. Nichols, J. (2005). PILOT payments: a potential revenue source for public libraries. The Bottom Line, 18 (4), 163–166 In this article Jerry Nichols identifies the sources of revenue for public libraries. He also proposes strategies which can make public libraries more independent of government funding. Nitecki, D. (1996). Changing the concept and measure of service quality in academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship , 181–190 The key argument, advanced by Danuta Nitecki, is that public libraries should pay more attention to the assessment of service quality. The scholar believes that the library administrators should look at this problem from readers’ point of view since this is the best way of identifying the defects in the organizational structure. Mullins, J., & Linehan, M. (2006). Are public libraries led or managed? Library Review, 55 (3), 237–248 The authors of this article discuss the common difficulties, faced by modern public libraries. In particular, they focus on lack of motivation and leadership skills, slow decision-making, and poor teamwork; moreover, the researchers attempt to uncover the underlying cause of these difficulties. Park, C. (2005). Harris County Public Library: Creating a design paradigm for twenty-first century libraries. The Bottom Line, 18 (4), 167–174 Catherine Park proposes a model which can make public more oriented to the needs of readers. Furthermore, the author shows how time management in these institutions can be improved. Proctor, R., & Simmons, S. (2000). Public library closures: The management of hard decisions. Library Management , 25–30 This article explains how the reasons why many public libraries are closed by the government. The scholars argue that in many cases, they can be explained by poor quality of services and subsequent refusal of readers to use the services of this organization. Usherwood, R. C. (2007). Professional values in a bureaucratic structure. Library Review , 666–673 Robert Usherwood discusses the impact of bureaucratic culture of the professional skills of a librarian. He believes that it does not promote the improvement of library services and slows down the functioning of such institutions. Ward, R. (2007). The outsourcing of public library management: An analysis of the application of new public management theories from the principal-agent perspective. Administration & Society, 38 (6), 627–635 This study shows how modern management theories can be applied in the context of a public library. The author of this article tries to map out strategies that can make public libraries more self-sufficient. White, N. (2009). Customer acquisition costs: The costs of growing business in public libraries. The Bottom Line, 22 (3), 69–75 This article explains how the library can attract new customers and shows the administrators can reduce the cost of customer acquisition. Annotated List of Websites Library Philosophy and Practice. (2010). Community information services through public libraries in Bangladesh: Problems and proposals. Web. This website is beneficial to that extent that it provides references to numerous studies, examining the management of both public and academic libraries. This information can greatly assist those students, who want to learn more about the structure of this organizations and their common difficulties. Public Library Association. (2010). The Official Website. This website provides information about the innovations in the field of library management. It is oriented toward the needs of professional librarians who want to bring their knowledge up-to-date and improve their professional skills. References Gothberg, H. (1991). Time management in public libraries: A study of public libraries. Public Libraries, 30 (6), 350–377. Kinnell, M., & MacDougall, J. (1992). Marketing public library services – Opportunities for change. Library Management, 13 (4), 22–32. Nichols, J. (2005). PILOT payments: a potential revenue source for public libraries. The Bottom Line, 18 (4), 163–166. Nitecki, D. (1996). Changing the concept and measure of service quality in academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship , 181–190. Library Philosophy and Practice. (2010). Community information services through public libraries in Bangladesh: Problems and proposals. Web. Mullins, J., & Linehan, M. (2006). Are public libraries led or managed? Library Review, 55 (3), 237–248. Park, C. (2005). Harris County Public Library: Creating a design paradigm for twenty-first century libraries. The Bottom Line, 18 (4), 167–174. Proctor, R., & Simmons, S. (2000). Public library closures: The management of hard decisions. Library Management , 25–30. Public Library Association . (2010). The Official Website. Usherwood, R. C. (2007). Professional values in a bureaucratic structure. Library Review , 666–673. Ward, R. (2007). The outsourcing of public library management: An analysis of the application of new public management theories from the principal-agent perspective. Administration & Society, 38 (6), 627–635. White, N. (2009). Customer acquisition costs: The costs of growing business in public libraries. The Bottom Line, 22 (3), 69–75. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Robotic Pharmacy System Implementation Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Brief description of the topic 2. Positive impacts of Robotic pharmacy systems 3. The change process 4. Obstacles in implementing the process 5. Before and after the process 6. References Brief description of the topic The new technological improvements have brought a number of changes in every aspect of the human existence. Among the areas of humanity that have been greatly impacted by technology is the health sector, which has registered tremendous growth in the use of IT (Coleman, 2004). One of the major technological improvements in the health sector is the robotic pharmacy system, which is rapidly gaining popularity around the world. Research shows that a good number of health facilities in the middle and upper class have engaged this technology. The technology uses robotic machines to perform pharmaceutical functions. Positive impacts of Robotic pharmacy systems Robotic pharmacy systems have numerous benefits especially to the health providers. Different people have raised divergent concerns with regard to the implementation of this technology in hospitals but a good percentage seems to love the idea. The system definitely has an impact on the workers and the general performance of the organization. Citing some of the key benefits of the robotic pharmacy system, one of the most important is that it reduces the need for technical labor significantly. With such technology, health providers do not require pharmacists to give prescriptions manually. This reduces the expense of hiring pharmacy labor and at the same time, it increases efficiency. In the medical practice, there is a need for a deliberate action to reduce the chances of errors. Robotic pharmacy systems have proven to be most effective in eradicating errors as they operate with a 99.9% medication filling accuracy. The system continuously checks itself for expired drugs and gives a restocking report from time to time (Coleman, 2004). This reduces the chances of patients getting expired medication hence improving health services. This also lowers the cost of expired medication by 54% making it very effective in the health profession (Coleman, 2004). The change process Robotic systems have a self-check mechanism to identify when the system is running out of stock. Through periodic reports, the machine is able to notify the management when the stock needs to be refilled hence chances of patients missing their medications are lowered (Shack &Tulloch, 2008). Patients spend a lot of time in queues waiting for medical checkups in hospitals and dispensaries. This is no longer necessary with the presence of robotic pharmacy technology. The system provides check up services in a faster and a more accurate way compared to the proverbial physical check up (Shack &Tulloch, 2008). To add on the above advantages of using the robotic systems, they also use an essential bar-code-based medication procedure (Shack &Tulloch, 2008). This improves the safety of the medication, improves the productiveness of the pharmacy, and most importantly lowers the cost of operation (Shack &Tulloch, 2008). A number of hospital pharmacies can share one robotic system. Other than reducing the cost of operation, this also makes it easier for patients to access pharmaceutical services. The above benefits of using robotic systems in pharmacies have direct impacts on the change process in the health practice. The robotic systems have major benefits to pharmacists and they should be implemented in every health institution. The cost of living in the world today has sky rocketed and so has the cost of renting space. With this factor in mind, it has become more expensive to rent a room to set up a pharmacy. Robotic systems have solved the issue of space since they are mostly stand-alone cabinets that require very little space to set up. The system’s design allows it to perform numerous functions to cater for the normal daily pharmacy dispensing needs (Meer, Bennie, Corcoran, & Lannigan, 2013). This has a great impact on a pharmacy’s productivity as well as the quality of life. Obstacles in implementing the process Normally, implementation of a new technology in a hospital is a lengthy and very challenging process (Johns, 2002). There are also technical challenges that may impede the successful implementation of the process. For instance, there may be a delay after an order has been made on a robotic system. A concerned nurse may make the same order again assuming that the first attempt was lost and this may lead to double or multiple orders (Coleman, 2004). Nonetheless, these mechanical problems may occur occasionally but they are rare. Another great impeding factor in the implementation of robotic systems is the fact that it leads to laying-off of staff. One machine can handle a workload of a number of pharmacists hence reducing the number of staff required and consequently loss of jobs. Before and after the process Looking at the working environment before and after the implementation of a robotic pharmacy system, clearly the latter improves the quality of services. Without the system, there are many cases of expired medications and wastage of time in queues for check up. After the installation of a robotic system, service delivery changes the entire working environment. Services are prompt and effective, and the system creates fewer chances for error. Implementation of robotic systems in pharmacies has brought great improvements in the health practice. Managers in the health sector should consider exploiting this technological option in order to improve their services. References Coleman, B. (2004). Hospital pharmacy staff attitudes towards automated dispensing before and after implementation, Hosp Pharm, 1 (11), 248–51. Johns, M. (2002). Information Management for Health Care Professions . New York, NY: Delmar Publications. Meer, R., B., Bennie, M., Corcoran, D., E. & Lannigan, N. (2013). Early-stage experiences of the implementation of a large-scale robotic storage and distribution system in a hospital pharmacy service within a large UK health authority . Web. Shack, J., &Tulloch, S. (2008). Integrated pharmacy automation systems lead to increases in patient safety and significant reductions in medication inventory costs . Fairport, NY: Shack & Tulloch, Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Baby Gap Company’s Expansion Strategy Case Study Analysis of Baby Gap Baby Gap is the company which used to be rather popular among youth in 1990’s. Still, the wrong expansion strategy of the company turned it to suffer greatly. The company debt increased and to save the situation, Baby Gap spent less on the quality of the product. People noticed it immediately and the company sales were declined as well. Since 1990’s up to 200’s the situation in the company was rather unstable, still, having expanded internationally and having invited a new designer, the company is planning to return its positions at the market. The main competitors of the Baby Gap are the following family clothing industry performers, TJX Companies Inc., Ross Stores Inc., and Abercrombie & Fitch. These companies have managed to store their positive image and offer the customers the products of the top quality that makes Baby Gap attempts to occupy strong positions at the market harder. SWOT Analysis Strength The main strength of the company s that it used to be popular and it is recognised among the customers. Additionally, the company has grown internationally that opened new markets before the company. The market globalization in general is an essential step forward which has pushed the Baby Gap. Weaknesses The company has failed to store its positive image and this is one of its weaknesses. It is hard to return positive image. In comparison with other companies, Baby Gap may fail to restore company positive image. Additionally, having expanded internationally, Baby Gap still has some problems in the USA, the debts which are to be paid back. It goes not give the company an opportunity to go forward too fast as other companies in the industry can do. Opportunities The international market is full of opportunities as the customers there may be unaware of the bad image of the Baby Gap which has occurred during the previous years. Nevertheless, the USA market may also return its privilege to the company if it uses the correct strategies for renewing its image. Moreover, using the franchise strategy as the international marketing business, Baby Gap does not have to spend too much on advertising as the company brand is recognized. Moreover, the company has entered the international market that opens many countries for franchising as this strategy does not pretend much input. Threats However, using franchising as the strategy for entering the international market, the Baby Gap is threatened to decrease its image which may worsen the situation. Additionally, there are a lot of companies which managed to become successful while Baby Gap recovered from crisis. Thus, it is possible to state that high development of the rivals is one of the main threats of the company. The failure to return its positive image is also the company threat Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that having mistaken once Baby Gap may suffer greatly, even ore than the debt is had to pay back up to 2007. The company rivals have managed to strengthen their positions, however the entrance of the international market provides the Baby Gap with more new opportunities. The company should make all possible to return its positive image and the successful social promotion activities may be one of the best way out. The competitors of the Baby Gap are strong and they have managed to get the preference of the customers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Social Justice and Mental Health Essay Mental health has been the forefront issue recently, especially after the onset of the global pandemic. As non-physical health issues are becoming more accepted around the world, health authorities and governments strive to bring forward plans that will minimize the risks for all affected, directly or not. Activists all over the world are fighting for safe spaces for people of all ethnicities, genders, religious affiliations, and so on to feel comfortable discussing their mental states. Similar to other spheres, those with mental illnesses from the lower socio-economic class are likely to have less access to the necessary resources. According to Schrick, diagnosing mental illness remains a difficult task that does not provide black-and-white answers. Furthermore, those suffering from such issues are often still met with the stigma of insanity or weakness, depending on the cultural outlook on mental health issues (Austin, 2014). Although mental disorders have one of the most damaging impacts on role functioning, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as quoted by Austin (2014), they are often disregarded. However, it is difficult to imagine the U.S. taking nationwide action on mental health due to the absence of healthcare for physical health, which is widely accepted as a serious issue. Hence action must be taken to overcome the stigma. Due to the prevalence of freedom of choice as one of the American values, implementations of such caliber are difficult to get approval for. However, various scholars and health professionals suggest personal interventions such as getting treatment, avoiding the temptation to self-isolate, and speaking out against the stigma (“Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental illness,” 2017). Bringing awareness to the issues of mental health and increasing the validity of the such type of disease in the eyes of the public is helpful to the individuals struggling, as well as to the community as a whole. Reference Austin, Michael J. (2014). Social Justice and Social Work: Rediscovering a Core Value of the Profession. Web. Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental illness. (2017). MayoClinic. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Breaking the Norm Again with Emo Aesthetics Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Problem Statement 3. Hypothesis 4. Physical and Social Setting 5. Description of the Incident 6. Summary 7. Interpretation 8. Conclusion Introduction It can be said that social norms define the way people live in the same way that people determine social norms. They are very paradoxical as they are both stable and flexible phenomena at the same time. They are considered stable within a certain period but eventually change under social, environmental, and temporal factors. The need arises to clarify what social norms are from the sociological point of view. Social norms are the well-established and unspoken rules and standards by which the vast majority of a specific community live. It is important to note they also change when a certain number of community members begin to neglect, break or violate them. In this work, I will describe my experience of breaking the social norm as well as reflect on it. Problem Statement The option I chose is breaking the social norm of dress or attire. In terms of social control, clothes serve to signify people’s religious affiliation and their belonging to a subculture. Through clothes, people also show that some significant events are taking place right now. Moreover, their other social role is to emphasize the gender of a person. I decided to dress up as emo, including make-up. Emo emerged in the late 80s as a rock genre but peaked and developed as a subculture in the 00s. Its characteristic features are over-emotionality, fatalism, self-harm, and an unusual appearance. The reason is dressing as emo violates two social rules of attire at the same time. It is an outdated style, and it breaks the gender standard since emo culture is closely related to femininity because it uses a feminine aesthetic. I also decided to speak briefly to enhance the image. Hypothesis I expect four responses from observers. The first one that I consider major is surprise, as the emo style uses contrasting colors. The second expected reaction is a mockery, as the emo subculture is associated with excessive emotionality and adolescent protest against social norms and accepted behavior. The third one is obvious it is interest. Emo aesthetics are very expressive despite the use of dark color combinations. The last reaction is a desire to help since the emo subculture is associated with such topics as social isolation, sadness, overreaction, tragedy, death, and suicide. Physical and Social Setting It is necessary to note that I considered the instructor’s advice. Following the recommendation, a social experiment was conducted within my home to avoid contracting COVID-19 and violating restriction measures. Therefore, the pool of available target audiences was severely limited. Simply put, my parents were observers and respondents. Perhaps this is why one of the expected reactions, namely a mockery, was not noticed in their response to my appearance. Description of the Incident Before conducting a social experiment, I asked my parents when they would both be at home for a long time. It was done to capture as many possible expected and unexpected reactions as possible on the experiment’s day. In the morning, before breakfast, I put on emo clothes and made make-up. When I walked out of my room, my mother and father were surprised as expected. I spent the whole day in an emo dress, and they were asking questions all-day, to which I answered briefly. Moreover, my parents took turns coming up to me to find out what happened and if I was okay. Summary Dressing in emo clothes was both fun and awkward at the same time. It was fun to observe the reaction of the parents. The awkwardness stems from the fact that emo aesthetics have long gone out of fashion. The feeling of fun was probably caused by the fact that I knew the background of what was happening while my parents did not. Three out of four reactions were noticed while I was breaking the social norm. They are a surprise, interest, and a desire to help. This kind of social experimentation got me to think about a lot of things. Interpretation While it was fun to watch my parents’ reactions, I felt some discomfort at the same time. It is because they were sincerely worried about me, and I could not tell them the truth; otherwise, the experiment would have been thwarted. Simply put, I felt guilty during and after the day of the experiment. I realized that breaking social norms attracts the attention of other members of society. Their response largely depends on the violators’ behavior, appearance, and kinship degree between them and the respondents. Conclusion In this work, I describe how I broke the social norm of the dress. Moreover, here I also analyze my experience. The experiment’s essence is that I decided to dress like emo and watch my parents’ reactions. The physical setting is my home not to get infected with the coronavirus and not violate the lockdown measures. I identified such responses as a surprise, interest, and a desire to help. It has been found that the social status of those who violate social norms influences the nature and tone of social reactions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ecological Problems and National Parks Essay In the context of present-day developments, the significance of ecological problems and their influence on nature and people’s lifestyles cannot be underestimated. It should be marked that humanity has a considerable negative impact on these issues, as people’s activity leads to the loss of species and ecosystems. For instance, the book “Environmental Science” demonstrates the increase in the human population, which is followed by significant changes in wildlife (Miller and Spoolman 169). Extirpation of species and ecosystems has achieved an alarming rate. Therefore, the necessity to make a contribution to preserving nature is undeniable. Wildlife is a vital part of the Earth, and, for this reason, in case nature is considerably damaged, it will definitely lead to negative consequences for all entire humanity. In addition, attention should be paid to figure 8.6., which depicts the losses caused by severe habitat destruction and illegal hunting (Miller and Spoolman 172). Thus, the need to address this issue urgently is doubtless. In order to sustain a variety of wild species and ecosystems, it is essential to forbid poaching. Moreover, logging companies should minimize the negative consequences of their activity by choosing the zone, which is not hazardous in the context of significant natural habitat destruction. Another beneficial suggestion could be planting new trees by logging companies. This measure will not only contribute to preserving wild species and ecosystems but also will be helpful for sustaining forests. Other people, except for workers of logging companies, may also participate in this activity. As for aquatic biodiversity, it is essential to stop the activity of factories, which pollute rivers, seas, and oceans. Their operation is harmful to water residents and plants, as they are incapable of living in the area, which is polluted by different chemicals. Furthermore, the necessity to reduce the amount of plastic usage is evident today. Apart from polluting the earth, it also leads to numerous deaths of sea and ocean animals. In order to contribute to the solution of environmental problems, a great number of national parks and nature preserve systems are established worldwide. As for the United States, national parks appear an attractive place to visit (“Top 10 Parks”). They are predominantly based in locations with picturesque views of nature, such as rivers, lakes, rivers, and others. Apart from being a beautiful place, they also include a particular ecosystem, where a variety of animals and plants reside (“Top 10 Parks”). In some of them, workers monitor the well-being of animals and plants in the location, which prevents them from total extinction (“Top 10 Parks”). For these reasons, it is crucial to preserve such parks. Visitors are offered a range of excursions about the places. In addition, people are capable of going on picnics, walking, fishing, practicing outdoor sports, and sticking to other activities there. I have several national parks around the place, where I reside. I find it enjoyable to visit them, and I do it regularly. Such a habit allows me to disconnect from the busy city life and change my focus on nature. As for me, such visits appear to be relieving and relaxing in the context of coping with everyday stresses and anxieties. It is important to have some time unplugged from the rapid pace of life. References Miller, G. Tyler, and Scot Spoolman. Environmental Science . Cengage Learning, 2018. “Top 10 Parks.” NSW National Parks. n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Taylorism and Fordism Role in Job Satisfaction Report (Assessment) Various management control methods have been advanced by management practitioners and theorists in the hope of enhancing organizational productivity. Some of the most discussed methods include Scientific Management, also known as Taylorism, Fordism, and the Human Relations Movement (Mabey, Salaman & Storey, 1998). Most of these techniques deal with the effective management of labor to realize optimal results in the workplace. It is the purpose of this essay to evaluate the presupposition that Taylorism and Fordism management control methods enhanced organizational productivity at the expense of employee job satisfaction. Developed by Frederick Taylor, the Scientific Management revolved around employee motivation approaches and job design techniques. Taylor had been triggered into action by inefficient working traditions and failure of employees to be committed to the organization (Mabey, Salaman & Storey, 1998). According to him, the core function of management should be the scientific evaluation of all tasks done in an organization, including designing jobs to eradicate waste of time and employee motion. According to Taylor, maximum organizational productivity could be achieved through a series of strategies, key among them the separation of tasks or jobs into their simplest elements, minimization of skills required to perform specific tasks, and the configuration of machines to curtail the movement of workers and materials. Although the above aspirations could be used to enhance organizational productivity, it can be argued that his approaches infringed on employee job satisfaction. First, his approach to job design symbolized a form of employee deskilling in addition to presenting organizations with new structures of control. Many employees hold their skills in high esteem. The strategy of minimizing skill requirements will definitely have a negative impact on employee esteem. Second, Taylorism enhanced management’s control and influence over the quantity and quality of employees’ performance. In many instances, such control increases employee frustration and dissatisfaction levels, ultimately leading to the withdrawal of support and commitment on the part of employees. Third, the processes of job simplification and task fragmentation led to employee boredom and dissatisfaction. Finally, the Taylorism approach of configuring machines to curtail employee movement tended to facilitate an adversarial management-employee relations climate (Mabey, Salaman & Storey, 1998). Such factors can only serve to reduce employee job-satisfaction. Henry Ford built on the fundamental principles of Taylorism to come up with the Fordism approach. Ford is credited for perfecting the flow-line concept of the assembly line (Mabey, Storey & Salaman, 1998). His classical assembly line concept was evaluated as a technique of control of workers as well as a job design principle designed to enhance job productivity. Fordism philosophy also puts extra emphasis on job fragmentation and task simplification in the form of short task-cycle times. This management control method also initiated an interlinking system of conveyor processions that fed components and materials to diverse work units. It should be noted that Ford introduced a process of standardizing commodities to achieve economies of scale (Mabey, Salaman & Storey, 1998). This discovery is credited for the introduction of mass production of standardized items at discounted cost. Also, Ford came up with the concept of recording job-times to monitor employees’ intensities of effort and performance. Although the above strategies worked well to increase organizational productivity, they cannot escape blame in terms of lowering employee job-satisfaction. First, the concept of determining the speed of work on the organization’s assembly line through technology rather than a sequence of instructions was viewed as abstract in addition to lacking any human connection. Although this technique is still used today, it lacks the human connection needed to boost employee job-satisfaction by its virtue of treating the workers as robots (Melosi, 1980). Although Ford’s concept of people management is good in boosting organizational productivity, recording employee job-times was not popular in enhancing job-satisfaction as it was viewed as management’s way of exercising too much control on the employees. Third, the repetitive nature of work brought by job simplification and the concept of assembly line made employees view work as boring and unchallenging (Mabey, Salaman & Storey, 1998). The job dissatisfaction occasioned by the assembly line technology was expressed in high levels of absenteeism and employee turnover. In both Taylorism and Fordism, the relationship between management and employees in terms of control can significantly deteriorate to bring an increased level of organizational control, a scenario that harms employee job-satisfaction levels. Some of these limitations occasioned a paradigm shift on the relationship between workers and management, heralding a new perspective of management control known as the Human Relations Movement. List of References Mabey, C., Salaman, G., & Storey, J. (1998) Human Resource Management: A Strategic Introduction . 2 nd ed. [online] Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Web. Melosi, D. (1980) Strategies of Social control in Capitalism: A Comment on Recent Work. Crime, Law & Social Change , Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 381-399. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Edicts From the Qianlong Emperor Essay The edicts were a proclamation from the Celestial Empire’s ruler, which was addressed to King George ||| on the occasion of Lord Macartney’s mission to China. It was written in September of 1793 due to an alleged disrespect on behalf of the British to the established order in Chinese trade. The edict said that the Emperor rejected all the requests from Macartney; it also explained his decision in great detail. This document can give a lot of information about the person who wrote it and the particular time in history when those actions took place. To start with, the Emperor was offended by the number and the nature of the aforementioned demands. He was strongly against the British ambassador living in Beijing; that was, according to Qianlong, “not consistent with the Customs of… Empire, and cannot, therefore, be allowed” (“Two edicts from”, 1793). He believed that the existing trade between the two countries was already working at its best and there was no need for any adjustments. Another request from the British that was met with an immediate rejection was the reduction of the restrictions concerning the trade between Great Britain and China. Qianlong was not willing to open new ports, having stated that Macao was “… near the sea, and therefore an important gathering place for the ships… sailing to and from” (“Two edicts from”, 1793). The British were also denied in using an island near Chusan for the storage of their goods, along with several other demands. However, despite the Emperor’s dissatisfaction with the ambassador’s actions and the requests from the King, he allowed the embassy to keep the plenty of gifts that he had given them. That was done as a mere gesture of generosity and mercy. The tone and the language of the edicts very distinctly describe the Emperor. He strongly believed China was far superior to Great Britain or any other country for that matter. The way he wrote about the abundance of products his Empire had and the lack of necessity to do trade with other countries whatsoever was very arrogant. Be it because of obedience to traditions and strict dictation of foreign policy, or a strong will to compete with another empire, Qianlong refused to yield in negotiations. One more indicator of his superiority before Great Britain was the fact that he called British merchants “barbarians” several times throughout the edict. The language that he used was very sophisticated and polite to the extreme. His over the top sympathy for isolated Britain and its people, so unfortunate to live far away and therefore, ignorant of the civilization of China, highlights his arrogance even more. The analysis of the edicts shows that Celestial Empire took pride in what they had achieved and created, their dominance above other countries in many spheres and valued their security. Hence the unwillingness to negotiate any changes in the existing order, loosen the rules of trade, open new ports to foreign merchants and establish the British Embassy. Even though, according to Harris (2018), “the Macartney mission failed in its larger goals”, Britain was able to keep its privileges in trade with China. They also understood that the Celestial Empire would not accept pressure from another country in this situation, so the best solution to the problem for the British was to remain patient. Being respectful to the traditions and customs of China, following their strict rules could bring more benefits in the future than aggression and possible war. References Harris, L. J. (2018). The Macartney Audience, 1793. In The Peking Gazette (pp. 18-21). Brill. Two edicts from the Qianlong Emperor, On The Occasion of Lord Macartney’s Mission To China , (1793). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Self-Reported Survey and Logged Behavioral Data Comparison Essay Self-reported data is always associated with a significant risk of biasing because of the subjective nature of information (namely, personal perceptions, estimations, and thoughts) that a researcher aims to gather, as well as individual characteristics of study participants. For instance, Araujo, Wonneberger, Neijens, and de Vreese (2017) note that when a person is more interested in a survey, he or she will likely strive to be more accurate when reporting own behaviors. It is also important to take into account the possibility of various cognitive and psychological biases linked to one’s self-perceptions, relationships with a studied topic, desire to adhere to social expectations/norms and so forth (Demetriou, Essau, & Özer, 2015). Ideally, a data collection tool will aim to minimize the mentioned risks of bias and take into account as many factors affecting a person’s responses as possible. It may seem that questionnaires with open-end questions will be the most accurate measures because they may allow respondents to explain themselves fully. Nevertheless, the researcher may fail to interpret data provided in a free form, and it can consequently contribute to greater inaccuracy. Thus, it is valid to assert that structured surveys with closed-end, bipolar rating scales (for instance, Likert scale) will allow increasing the precision of responses. Likert-scale questions require participants to match their responses/observations/emotions with specific points and numbers on a scale (for example, from agree to disagree, from 1 to 5, and so forth). The researcher can construct a survey in such a way that it may facilitate the interpretation of information by making answers more on-target while also letting respondents evaluate a full spectrum of their experiences. The researcher, however, should also pay significant attention to the overall design of a self-report tool: clarity of questions, matching of research purposes with questionnaire items, and so forth. For example, the question “How many times did you use your mobile phone to send or receive text messages/SMS in the last seven days?” is the least accurate in the survey because it includes the word “or,” which is characterized by uncertainty and can confuse respondents. For this assignment, respondents were recruited via Facebook and through a personal approach. Those individuals who were expected to agree to participate were prioritized during sampling. Therefore, the utilized recruitment technique can be regarded as the non-probability, convenience sampling. This method is frequently used in research because it allows finding respondents quickly and easily. However, compared to probability or randomized sampling it is less representative of the whole population (Hanif, Shahbaz, & Ahmad, 2017). In other words, the utilized convenience sampling (as well as the small sample size) increases the chance that the demographic characteristics of participants are not diverse enough and, therefore, the findings obtained through interpretation of their answers cannot be generalized. At the same time, the degree of generalizability of results is often considered to demonstrate the level of their credibility. As it was expected, many of provided self-reported responses did not match the objective logged data. Notably, the answers about one’s behavior from a week ago include a greater number of errors than those about the behaviors from a day before. In fact, none of the retrospective self-reported responses was accurate, whereas the “yesterday” group of questions has the accurate-inaccurate response ratio of 6 to 4. The main reason for this is a natural inability to remember everything throughout a prolonged period. Thus, it is possible to conclude that retrospective self-reports tend to be especially biased due to inherent cognitive imperfections. Presumably, some of the participants were also not motivated enough to provide accurate answers and did not take time to think thoroughly, and the objective and subjective results were mismatched due to this psychological factor as well. References Araujo, T., Wonneberger, A., Neijens, P., & de Vreese, C. (2017). How much time do you spend online? Understanding and improving the accuracy of self-reported measures of internet use. Communication Methods and Measures, 11 (3), 173-190. Demetriou, C., Essau, C. A., & Özer, B. U. (2015). Self-report questionnaires . Web. Hanif, M., Shahbaz, M. Q., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Sampling techniques: Methods and applications . New York, NY: Nova Science. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Casablanca as a Classic Hollywood Film Essay Introduction One of the most classic and enduring cinematic triumphs, Casablanca, opened in the United States in January of 1943. Its illustrious cast headed by Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman included Paul Henreid as Ingrid’s heroic resistance leader husband, Claude Rains as the worldly wise police captain and In lesser manipulative roles were Sidney Greenstreet and Peter Lorry. Dooley Wilson who, as Sam in the movie, plays and sings the still well known and popular song, “As Time Goes By”. Discussion It was this cast and some superior moments each member plays which gives the somewhat improbable plot part of its immense strength. Another, often ignored, aspect of the movie is the conflict many humans experience between a past well loved and remembered, and a future of duty and responsibility. There is also the attraction of a forbidden love, the threat of imminent danger. The love scenes are implied not explicit, the politics of the times, complicated and the heroism is psychological for the most part. In the end duty and honor triumph over desire and self preservation and we are left with the feeling that although all is NOT well in the world we as individuals can make it better. Perhaps that is the clue to the continuing popularity of the movie. The actors make seem real the ridiculous situation that world conflict and political intrigue which embroil otherwise normal humans in a sensitive love story and a suspenseful war story. The call to higher duty and sacrifice appeals to the best in us and continues to inspire us to believe we can make the world a better place to live in. We also have legitimate “bad guys” to hate in the form of the Nazi and the popular turning of an uninvolved man, Rick, into a heroic character. There is a classic love triangle complicated by the serious problem of war and the danger that the heroine’s husband is in from the enemy. The story plays out against the backdrop of wartime Casablanca in Morroco. It is a little more romantic than reaolity, but the setting is, itsel, bigger than life, so it works. Inclusion The characterization is totally believable and the acting is superb. The screenplay was well written with few wasted words, and some have lived on for decades and are recognizable still in popular vernacular. “Play it again, Sam” has all the connotations given it in the move of taking us back to a more romantic time. This movie is a classic that will live on as long as there is a new crop of people to see it, because the story is timeless, the cinematography is artistic and the acting is superb. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Nursing Self in the Context of Consciousness Essay Treating people is a difficult job, and even the most competent doctor will not manage to do it alone. Nurses are an essential link in the work of the medical system and the process of saving the lives of the population. Thinking about my past, I find events that led me to the profession of nurse. The people’s experience significantly forms their character and thoughts, which determines many life choices (Woźniak, 2019). My experience in various circumstances helped me realize my vocation. These situations in my life may seem ordinary, but for me, they have become pivotal and those that prove that all events are not coincident at all. Issues of difficulties and challenges people face, for instance, global problems and similar concerns, have occupied my mind since childhood. I kept wondering what could be done to change something. In response, thoughts arise about changing the world, environmental protests, the invention of technologies that will save the ocean. However, although these activities are critical, they seemed unsuitable for my character, and I wanted to do something more practical and influential. These thoughts are the first reason that led me to the profession of nurse. For me medicine and care change the world for the better. Moreover, without them, humanity would have never reached the modern standard of living. Changing the lives of even one patient for the better is also important as changing the whole world. Many of us had some experience of illness and even being in hospitals in childhood. Such a situation happened to me – I had to stay in the medical center for treatment for several days. Being a child, I was terrified and worried, especially at night. However, there was a nurse who managed to calm me down and support me. She even let me call her by her name, Tina, and I felt that we became friends. I always recalled her with joy, and when I grew up, I realized how valuable and important her actions were for a little child. This situation was the second reason that led me to the profession of a nurse – I understood that there are many people in the world who, like me then, need the same support and comfort, and I can give them. We have to deal with diseases and injuries not only in hospital conditions but also in emergencies in any circumstances. Family members, friends, and even strangers may suddenly become ill or injured, and it is necessary to take action quickly – after all, saving a life can depend on a few seconds. As a teenager, I witnessed my friend break his arm. We were lucky, and there was a person nearby who could provide aid, and the ambulance reached quickly. However, for a few minutes, I felt helpless and confused – I strived to help but did not want to harm. This event was another reason that prompted me to decide to become a nurse. First aid skills, and even simple help in measuring pressure, can be life-saving. Thus, several important events and long reflections when making decisions are behind my decision to become a nurse. I see many advantages in the work of nurses and believe in their particular importance. Saving lives and giving comfort and care to many people is what I want to do. Kindness, attentiveness, and support are what our world needs, and these features can bring wellbeing to the population. Reference Woźniak, M. (2018). “I” and “Me”: The Self in the Context of Consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9 (1656), 1-14. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Non-Violent Women Offenders Legal Treatment Essay Introduction A crime is a crime no matter how it is committed or who commits it. People who indulge in criminal activities should pay for the crime they have committed. This does not necessarily mean sentencing them to jail. Discussion Women who are non-violent offenders should not be treated differently from their male counterparts. Though most women who indulge in crime, at times do it to provide for their children, it is not enough reason for them to be treated differently. This is because women who indulge in any kind of offenses are generally not a good influence on their children, neither are they an asset to the community. This means that they should not be allowed to access their children or become part of the community until after they have fully reformed. Research has shown that most people who are first-time offenders, sentenced for a short time and then freed, are usually the same people who are arrested a second time and sentenced for committing even worse crimes. This shows that jails do not in any way reform criminals but instead, make them worse than they were before imprisonment. Due to these reasons, non-violent women offenders should either be put in rehabilitation centers where they can truly get reformed. In addition, they could be assigned to probation such that they will always have someone monitoring their activities. It would be better to put women offenders in a community-based program where they can receive counseling on an individual basis. The finest programs merge supervision and other services to handle an array of aspects that female offenders require, in an extremely structured and secure surrounding where each one is accountable for their actions. Community service in form of probation can also be beneficial. This could be achieved by allowing women to spend time feeding the hungry and homeless or reading stories to children with terminal illnesses in hospitals. These activities reach and enhance their emotions, which would eventually enable them to transform their habits. The whole point of taking all these measures is to make these women become better mothers. Therefore, even if their children are taken away from them, they would still get them back once they have fully reformed. Children born to mothers who are in such rehabilitation programs should be put under foster care until their mothers can take care of them without them posing a risk to their well-being. This does not in any way violate the mother’s rights because they still have a chance to be with their children once they are fully reformed. These programs are effective and are meant to safeguard the maternal roles since they are done with the interest of both the mother and the child at heart. Conclusion Jail has never been the best place to reform wrongdoers and therefore, should not be taken as the sole option of transforming wrongdoers and achieving moral uprightness. With this in mind, all governments should be encouraged to decrease the number of jail facilities and instead, increase the rehabilitation centers. If this is done, there might be a possibility of there being fewer criminals since the aim of these measures will be to reform rather than to punish criminal offenders. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cancer, Its Nature and Gene Therapy Essay Cancer and Genetics The nature of the process that makes regular cells turn cancerous has not been studied fully yet. However, there is an assumption that cancer occurs as a result of a genetic abnormality but is not transferred genetically to future generations (“Chapter 8 – Photosynthesis”). The specified assumption is likely to be true since cancer seems to develop as a consequence of a single disruption in the functioning of a cell as opposed to the mechanism that was implanted into one’s genetic makeup since the day of one’s birth. On closer inspection of the problem of cancer as a result of a genetic mutation, one will realize that the mechanism of the disorder in most cases is launched at an unspecified point in time in contrast to the genetic disorders that are inherent. Therefore, it would be reasonable to state that cancer will not be transferred to future generations and should not be seen as an inherent disease (“Chapter 8 – Photosynthesis”). Even though one may inherit a faulty gene that increases the threat of developing cancer, one will not necessarily have cancer in the future. Therefore, claiming that cancer is a genetically transmitted disease would be an erroneous conclusion. The described characteristic and nature of the disorder will help to study its nature more accurately and meticulously to determine the methods of treating it effectively. Gene Therapy The idea of correcting genetic defects sounds very alluring due to the vast opportunities for managing a range of genetic disorders and, thus, managing numerous health concerns. Nevertheless, gene therapy as a process of transferring genes in order to correct genetic defects is likely to pose additional threats to patients’ health. The idea of transferring genes as the means of managing the described problem could be regarded as a plausible tool for managing a vast range of health issues (“Chapter 13 – Modern Understanding of Inheritance”). However, the lack of control over the process due to the limitations of the current knowledge of genetic processes and the possible outcomes makes the sensibility of gene therapy quite dubious. In order to maximize the efficacy of gene therapy, studies that detail the outcomes thereof have to be produced. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct several researches on the subject matter prior to integrating the principles of gene therapy into the modern clinical environment. Although a range of genetic disorders may turn out to be treatable, the proposed treatment techniques may also imply severe negative health consequences, which means that the introduction of a gene therapy may cause negative effects (“Chapter 13 – Modern Understanding of Inheritance”). Thus, the utilization of gene therapy has to be preceded by extensive research and a thorough analysis of possible outcomes. Works Cited “Chapter 8 – Photosynthesis.” Georgia Highlands College , n.d. Web. “Chapter 13 – Modern Understanding of Inheritance.” Georgia Highlands College , n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Jones v. Nastech Pharmaceutical Essay (Article) United States District Court, S.D. Mississippi, Hattiesburg Division. 2004. This case arose out of ingestion of stadol by the plaintiffs. This medication was suspected to be addictive and contained harmful substances that had side effects. In this case multiple plaintiffs were involved and joined together to sue the defendants. The plaintiffs filed this suit against the defendants who they accused of being negligent, breached their warranties, committed fraud and breached their fiduciary duties. The defendants were also accused of not putting strict warnings to the users of their products, deceiving the public, concealing information and willingly misrepresenting their products. The Plaintiffs claimed negligence by the physician and the clinic in which he was working for, Jefferson Medical Associates. Linda Jones was the only plaintiff that the physician had treated and none of the other four plaintiffs had been treated by the physician or at the clinic. The defendants claimed that the plaintiffs had fraudulently joined together to accuse them and this was not allowed as they resided in different parts of the country and thus had bought the product from different pharmacies. There exists a supreme court that is above the federal courts. These federal courts have limited jurisdiction and cannot act outside their statutory subject matter because they will violate their basic constitutional perception of having limited federal powers. Therefore, these courts should not take over cases that have been properly presented in the state courts. The defendants claimed a fraudulent joinder. This presented a burden of demonstrating the facts to the courts and presenting the proper evidence. In this case the removing party was the defendants who faced a heavy burden of proving the fraudulent joinder clearly and convincingly to the courts. It was within the courts discretion to determine the severance of the claim in this case and to determine whether the parties involved have been improperly or fraudulently joined and whether they were attempting to defeat the diversity jurisdiction. The plaintiff can plead through a complaint that is properly written incase he wants to avoid the federal jurisdiction. The statutes give the original jurisdiction to the federal district courts incase of complete diversity among the residents and incase the amount involved exceeds the jurisdictional amount. In this case, the plaintiffs were claiming a same series of transactions or occurrences since they had all been affected by the same medicine that was being manufactured and marketed by the same pharmaceutical company. This brought about the common questions of fact and law that applied to their claims against the defendants of the pharmaceutical company. Was the physician liable to all the plaintiffs or was he liable only to the plaintiff he treated (Beck & Vale, 2004). Jones claims against the physician and the pharmacy were both legally and factually related as there was a representation of common occurrences and common issues resulting from the injury he sustained after the ingestion of the stadol medication. It has been pointed out that the health care provider is similar to a consumer of a product when the use of the product is accompanied by the provision of the medical services. Therefore strict liability theory should not be extended to the health care providers as it would set the standards of their performance to be high, a level that would be difficult for them to achieve at all times. Hence a doctor should only be subjected to strict liability or warranty to the extent that he manufactures or modifies the drugs.The degree of alteration should be considered here and diluting or just mixing a drug before use has not been taken as enough to claim liabilities to the health care providers. It was concluded that there was an egregious misjoinder of the physician and the other four plaintiffs. Their claim did not arise out of a common transaction and they lacked common issues and thus should not be joined together with the physician. The court ruled out that the physician was misjoined with the pharmaceutical company and also to the other four plaintiffs not treated by him. Therefore, it was ordered that the plaintiffs claim to remand be granted in part and also be denied in part as there was no connection between the persons from the different states apart from ingesting the medication. Therefore their case ought to be separated from Jones who had dealt with the physician (Cross & Miller, 2008). Reference List Beck, J., & Vale, A. (2004). Drug and medical device product liability desk book. Chicago. Law Journal Press. Cross, F., & Miller, R. (2008). The Legal Environment of Business: Text and Cases — Ethical, Regulatory, Global, and E-Commerce Issues.New York. Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Issue of Impaired Fertility and Its Treatment Essay Infertility or impaired fertility can be defined as the inability to become pregnant or conceive within the timeframe of one year as a result of unprotected sex. Due to the fact that fertility may become impaired with age, health care providers usually treat women according to this decline after the age of thirty-five and within six months of unprotected sex. Impaired fertility may manifest at a number of stages of a typical pregnancy. Because a pregnancy requires the release of an ovum, fertilization by a sperm, and attachment of an embryo to the inside of the uterus, a number of factors may be responsible for infertility or impaired fertility. Impaired fecundity refers to a condition that relates to infertility but is specific to women who have challenges becoming pregnant or carrying pregnancies to term. Currently, infertility and the inability to conceive affect approximately 15% of all couples (Huether & McCance 807). Additionally, factors that influence infertility may be due to issues in the female pregnancy process, the reproductive system of the male partner, or even in both partners. Within women, around 6% between the ages of fifteen and forty-four can be affected by infertility, while impaired fecundity affects about 12% of the same population. Because infertility is an issue that may also be a result of conditions in the male partner’s body, cases of impaired fertility are not only a problem faced by the female partner. Some of the ways in which pregnancies may be impeded by male conditions include the disruption of testicular or ejaculatory function, hormonal disorders, or genetic disorders. Many of these conditions cause either the lack or under-production of sperm. Some conditions may even alter the shape of the sperm, which may result in impaired fertility. Within women, female infertility may occur as the effect of dysfunctions within regular reproductive processes. These can include menses, ovulation, fallopian tube operations, ovarian dysfunctions, or incorrect implantation of a fertilized egg within the receptive endometrium. Disruptions to the ovarian system can include polycystic ovary syndrome, limited ovarian reserves, menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, or even functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. The aforementioned conditions often affect the ways in which hormones and ovarian reserves can become ineffective or insufficient, thereby limiting the chances of a successful pregnancy. Fallopian tube obstructions may manifest through conditions such as pelvic infections, ruptured appendicitis, a history of gonorrhea or chlamydia, or previous abdominal surgeries. The physical features of the uterus are also likely to play a role in impaired fertility, as any abnormal uterine contours obstacles to fertilization. In the case that a couple decides to treat infertility or impaired fertility, health care providers recommend the simultaneous use of medication and intrauterine insemination. Additionally, the specific treatments are decided by a number of factors which include the factors contributing to the condition, the duration of infertility, the age of the female partner, and the preference of the couple after counseling and discussion concerning rates, benefits, and risks. Male-specific treatments usually include medical, surgical, or assisted reproductive therapies. Female-oriented infertility medication usually involves ovulation stimulants, follicle stimulation, or even ovulation-preventing hormones in the case that a woman is being treated by in-vitro fertilization. Some medication also addresses the high rates of testosterone and lowers them in women, such as those that have polycystic ovary syndrome, which can cause impaired fertility. Further, the couple may use assisted reproductive technology for a potentially successful pregnancy. Reference Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2019). Understanding Pathophysiology . Elsevier Health Sciences. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Employees’ Stress and Burnout Coursework Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Problems of burnout and stress to the organization and employees 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Organizations depend on their employees to excel and propel their business endeavours into the future. Conversely, some issues prevent this mission from occurring. The issues of stress and burnout are evident in numerous organizations. Stress is a condition emanating when the body reacts to a given event. The body adjusts its mechanisms in preparation for the stressing variable. The situation is usually temporal but devastating when prolonged. Conversely, burnout is a consequential emotional and physical weariness/exhaustion emerging from stress and failures to attain some personal accomplishments. According to Hellriegel (2009), stress and burnout have numerous problems for both the employees and the organization following their devastating effects. This ranges from reduced employee morale to minimal productivity within the organization. Employees need to reduce their levels of stress and burnout for an organization to prosper. Problems of burnout and stress to the organization and employees One of the problems emanating from stress and burnout is the reduced productivity among employees and ultimately to the organization. Employees who suffer from these variables will register reduced performance within a given period. Since they are psychologically disturbed, the ultimate performance is minimized. Concurrently, output among the employees is always pegged on their physical and emotional preparedness (PHAC, 2012). If this provision is missing, the ultimate output per employee will similarly reduce significantly. Consequently, the organization will hardly achieve its previously set objectives and business ambitions. This claim indicates the alleged problems to both the organization and employees. It is crucial to consider such aspects before allowing stress and burnout to affect the entire organization. Relating individual performances to the ultimate productivity is a critical consideration (Hellriegel, 2009). Employees must perform exemplarily to be productive and excel within an organization. Another astounding problem is the higher rates of absenteeism among employees who undergo stress and burnout. This might be on health grounds or emotional deprivation. Absent employees will not deliver to the company as expected. Additionally, they will reduce the periodic output of the organization concerned. This indicates how stress and burnout are devastating to both the organization and employees. Since employees might attain some health problems when the conditions extend, the organization will lose massively due to absenteeism among the concerned employees. It is vital to consider such impacts and prepare for them before they engulf the organization’s productivity. Another evident problem is the lowered efficiency among the workforce. Stressed employees will hardly perform their duties despite the efforts to do so (Kavitha, 2009). The efficiency with which the work should be done similarly reduces. Additionally, burnout victims will have physical and emotional exhaustion hence will be less efficient in their duties. Such instances indicate the alleged devastating effects of stress and burnout. The reduced efficiency among the concerned employees equally affects the involved organization in the realms of effectiveness and productivity. Another evident problem is the deprived creativity and innovativeness among the concerned employees (PHAC, 2012). Organizations depend on the creativity of their employees to meet the emerging market demands, remain relevant in the market, and compete favourably with other contenders. Stress and burnout reduce the aspects of creativity among the concerned employees. Consequently, the concerned organization will suffer massively from such repercussions. It is crucial to consider such important factors within the organization following its ultimate relevancy within the market. Creativity helps in emerging with novel ideas and commodities within the market for extended customer satisfaction. Thus, deprivation of creativity is a serious problem for an organization. Additionally, another effect of stress and burnout is reduced customer satisfaction. Stressed and physically/emotionally exhausted employees will not serve their clients with due attention. Consequently, customers will be less satisfied with the services provided. An organization might even lose customers from such grounds. A situation that merely started as simple stress might consequently lead to minimized customer satisfaction and reduced revenues. This indicates the impacts and problems of stress and burnout mentioned earlier in this paper. Another evident problem is the increased injury rates among the concerned employees (Kavitha, 2009). Notably, employees who operate machines are prone to injuries when they suffer from stress and burnout. This indicates why it is crucial to alleviate stress among employees to boost their morale and attention to their duties. This will eventually reduce the mentioned injuries. Workplace injuries will cost the company some financial losses in the realms of treatments and compensations. Besides this, the victimized employees will not perform their duties until they restore their health. These are problematic effects of stress and burnout as alleged earlier. Another concurrent problem is the increased property/equipment damages within the organization (PHAC, 2012). Stress and burnout victims have increased chances of damaging equipment thus distracting the company’s operations. Conclusion Stress and burnout are devastating variables to both the employees and the organization. They reduce the performance of employees and the subsequent productivity of the organizations. There are numerous problems associated with the two provisions as indicated earlier. The aspects of efficiency, absenteeism and deprived creativity are serious problems fronted by the alleged stress and burnout. Conclusively, employees must minimize and manage their stresses and burnouts to avert the damaging impacts. References 1. Hellriegel, S. (2009). Organizational Behavior . Ohio, OH: Cengage Learning. 2. Kavitha, G. (2009). Occupational stress and coping strategies . New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House. 3. PHAC. (2012). The Impact of Stress on Employees . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Business Ethics and Its Impact on Internal Relationships Essay Business ethics is a comprehensive concept which delineates the organizations’ relationships with their customers. What is more important, corporate ethics deals with the environment within the company. The more attention the management team pays to the organizing and sustaining positive working conditions for its employees, the higher their job satisfaction and dedication levels are. While it is understood that instances of bullying and discrimination have an adverse impact on the people working in an organization, the cases of such deviant behaviors are still frequent in modern business firms. The significance of researching work discrimination is justified by the seriousness of this phenomenon and its dramatic impact on people’s work performance and their wellbeing (Pager & Western, 2012). Productivity levels fall when companies do not care about sustaining a healthy atmosphere among the employees. To protect those who have suffered from unfair treatment due to their religion, gender, race, or some other issue, the anti-discrimination law was implemented (Pager & Western, 2012). However, to be able to use the law’s protection, a person needs to have proof of maltreatment expressed towards him/her. The case of Hunter Panels’ Smithfield plant is a sad but bright example of how a job discrimination issue can hurt a single employee and impact the whole organization (Silver, 2015). The ex-employee, Sandra S. Robertson, filed a court case against the company in which she had worked for six years. During that period, Robertson was constantly suffering from her colleagues’ harassment and job discrimination attempts (Silver, 2015). The woman was offended because of her gender and her stature, and another kind of injustice was in the manager’s refusal to consider her complaints. Robertson reported that she had endured “harassment, venom, and gender-based discrimination” from her male co-workers when she had occupied the position of a shipping supervisor at Hunter Panels’ Smithfield plant (Silver, 2015). More than that, she received much smaller wages than her predecessor, who was male. That was another bias since the woman had a lot of experience in the Air Force as a supply specialist (Silver, 2015). As Robertson said in the court, her colleagues’ conduct changed from jokes into brutal offenses, and the authorities did not want to hear about that. Luckily, the federal jury took another side, and after thorough consideration, considered that Hunter Panels expressed prejudice against Mrs. Robertson, “subjected her to a hostile work environment and retaliated against her by firing her” (Silver, 2015). The woman’s lawyer said that the sum awarded as compensation – over $13 million – was the largest for such a case in the Western District of Pennsylvania (Silver, 2015). One of the reasons for such decisions was that the jury realized the seriousness of the case. Gender discrimination is a widespread phenomenon, and all companies needed to be warned against the consequences of their unfair actions. Thus, by sending “a stern, unmistakable message” to Hunter Panels, the jury hoped to prevent discrimination cases in the future (Silver, 2015). Mrs. Robertson said that while she was satisfied with the jury’s decision, she would not wish for anyone to go through what she had gone. She acquired health issues, and she had difficulty finding a new job (Silver, 2015). The case of Hunter Panels illustrates the ineffective inner organization of the working environment and the company manager’s disability and even unwillingness to handle the situation To eliminate negative behaviors within an organization, leaders need to come up with a plan of educating their employees about the adverse outcomes of job discrimination and encouraging them to sustain a friendly and positive atmosphere within a company. First of all, it is necessary to organize an optimistic environment at the workplace (Murphy, 2015). To do this, leaders should remember about human values and not limit their endeavors to growing the company’s financial income. Employees need to be inspired and feel appreciated (Murphy, 2015). Murphy (2015) mentions that people’s performance depends on the leadership style for nearly 70 percent. The most beneficial characteristics of a leader who promotes both the organization’s and employees’ achievements are being sociable, thoughtful, curious, and welcoming (Murphy, 2015). If people see that their manager is interested in what they are doing and supports them in difficult situations, they will feel more dedication to work and more trust with one another. Another important aspect is giving employees an opportunity to participate in decision making and create a friendly climate within the team. Also, company’s management needs to emphasize the importance of respect and humanity in interrelation communication. By following these rules, a positive environment within an organization will be achieved, and no destructive patterns of behavior will be noticed. Business ethics plays a significant role in any organization’s successful activity. Leaders need to organize the relationships between employees in such a way that would encourage them to be dedicated to their work and customers. Cases of job discrimination are frequent, but more and more people manage to punish their offenders. To eliminate adverse patterns of employees’ behavior, it is necessary to organize a positive environment and maintain friendly relationships between the colleagues. References Murphy, S. (2015). The optimistic workplace: Creating an environment that energizes everyone . New York, NY: AMACOM. Pager, D., & Western, B. (2012). Identifying discrimination at work: The use of field experiments. Journal of Social Issues, 68 (2), 221-237. Silver, J. D. (2015). Jury awards woman more than $13 million in work discrimination case . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Technology in Modern World Analytical Essay The article explores the theory behind singularity in relation to the rapid advances in technology being experienced in the modern world. One of the broad assumptions of singularity is that there will be a very thin line between nature and technology within a few decades to come. In other words, technology and nature will eventually operate on a singular or common platform. Even the other definitions that have been attached to the concept of singularity tend to associate the term with future dangers and threats that will be posed by technology. While technology has become a necessity in the contemporary world, it is vital to mention that it may also be a threat towards humanity if not applied appropriately. For example, the article highlights how technology is being used to carry out cloning. This is apparently one of the worst decisions by scientists, bearing in mind that any attempt to interfere with the natural biological processes is grossly unethical. It can be recalled that the practice of human cloning was publicly condemned by President Clinton way back in 1998. He lamented that scientific inquiry could not be used to manipulate the natural course of human creation. He also argued that human cloning was touching on spiritual and moral matters. Even though some political leaders have come out strongly to condemn human cloning, the practice is still being elevated within the field of science. It appears that there is lack of proper political leadership and goodwill to end the practice. Perhaps, it is pertinent to explore why human cloning should be prohibited at all costs. To begin with, the diversity of genes is a critical aspect towards the sustainability of human life on this planet. This diversity can only be attained from parents who definitely have unique genes. In the case of human cloning, genes are specifically selected with the aim of producing the desired offspring. This is the worst part of using genes that are identical. Even though technology may permit us to do so, the end product will have a weaker adaptation power. This will consequently lead to higher susceptibility to infections. This scientific knowledge will also lower the diversity of genes. Human cloning technology will primarily facilitate production of identical human beings. This implies that the new category of human beings will be easily affected by similar types of disease causing organisms. It will thus culminate into immense disaster since a single pathogen will be able to cause massive deaths of the cloned human beings. In other words, cloning will provide a clear path towards extinction of mankind from this planet. Extinction will also be made possible by inbreeding among human beings using the same genotypes. Human cloning will lead to singularity in the sense that there will be no difference between the natural process of production and artificial production. This will indeed one way of transgressing the nature. The best way of production is through the natural process. On the same note, it is prudent to mention that the greatest appreciation of mankind is the humanity part of it. When the natural process of production is allowed to take place, children are born with well known parents. Consequently, a family is set up. A family is the basic unit of society and without the latter, there will be no social life. Therefore, the intrinsic value of society and social life in general will be completely lost if human cloning is permitted to take center stage or even replace the natural sexual production. This explains why the rapid growth in technology may jeopardize the future existence of mankind. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Contrasting Tradition in Indian Education Expository Essay Indian children studying in the white schools have faced key quandaries and challenges elicited from their original education in their native society and a negative perception towards the new system of education, which is inherently dichotomous from theirs. They have an interesting, complicated and peculiar history coupled with victories, differences, adversities, cultural clashes and imminent juxtaposition of realities displayed by the European mainstream. Adjustment and adaptation as an extremely important process have become part of the Indian children studying in this entirely dichotomous mainstream. Grades, state tests and overall performance evaluation clearly depict that Indian children perform relatively below average. This is most probably due to institutional racism. The Indian children who join white schools experience a profound shock due to the entirely different system of education they face where the students are entirely dependent on their own effort rather than dependence upon the teachers in class. The white system of education introduces a setting where students have to do their own reading throughout their entire studies. Oppositely, the Indian students were used to being totally dependent upon their teachers to do almost everything on their behalf. Thus, the difference in dependability on the teacher brings about confusion on the side of the native Indian children. The white system of education encompasses a class situation where the teacher completely and freely interacts with the students and discusses freely on how to behave and mapping the way forward to independence. This depicts a situation where the students are not afraid of the teachers; thus, occasionally ask questions to seek for clarification on unclear statements. However, the native Indian students who are introduced to the new education system find a key challenge connected to the relationship with the teacher or tutor. The Indian traditional education system depict a completely professional and respectful teacher-student relationship complex where the students respect fear the teachers, as expected by society. This makes the Indian children lag behind in learning processes due to fear. Native Indian children entering into the white type of educational system also face a major problem in language competence and ability to communicate effectively in the new environment. Obviously, they are not well acquainted with the new language and thus cannot easily communicate fluently as compared to their counterparts who are adeptly capable of fluently communicating and speaking. The traditional kind of education in the Indian communities may not include English lessons, which can elicit a key obstacle in communication to the Indian children who go to study in white institutions, where English is the basic language of communication and cannot be exempted. Due the fact that the entire education systems are completely different starting from the institutional complex to individual perception, Indian children face a lot of challenges that detrimentally affect their studies. When an individual Indian student is introduced to a white educational system mainstream, they are likely to develop indifference and non-concurrence with the new system of education. Other factors, such as discrimination by the faculty members and fellow students also contribute to their failure. The Indian students, who appear to be closely knitted to their traditional education system, tend to feel disregarded and not acknowledged. Familiarizing themselves fully with the white mainstream is also a major causative factor for their laxity and pantry performance. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American Education History and Curriculum Development Essay Several critical historical perspectives have affected the nature of education and curriculum development in the United States. Among these is the inclusion of physical education in the curriculum, the effect of colonial-era on education, the influence of the common school movement as well as the progressive era on education curriculum. Ideally, this essay investigates the significant historical events that align with the core elements of educational thought and curriculum development, as well as the Influential elements of theory and people that guide curricular decision-making. From the 1700s to the 1800s, the quality of education in America was influenced by Sweden, Germany, and England. First, the influence of Germans was felt through the introduction of the Turner societies, which advocated for gymnastics training the country, in pursuit of health and fitness. The English introduced sporting in America to promote moral development by engaging in physical exercise. Finally, the Swedish advocated healthy performance through prescribed movement, aided by light apparatus. It is under the influence of these three countries that the foundation for sports and physical education was taken up in America. Thus, the 1800s were a time when the inclusion of physical education was used across schools in the United States. Therefore, physical education was integrated as an essential part of the curriculum, with the Round Hills School in Northampton, Massachusetts, is the first to incorporate this into its curriculum. Later in 1824, Catherine Beecher played an instrumental role in designing an exercise program for children in America (Lewis 6). Beecher pushed for the adoption of physical education in public learning institutions, an idea that was only implemented later in 1855. Ideally, the education system in the United States before the 1700s accorded preferential treatment to white boys, a practice that was mainly pioneered by the Colonial Latin Grammar school. As a result, they were adequately prepared for university education. Consequently, by the 1700s, the establishment of civilized academies was realized, which was evident in the way they were a lot more practical and secular (Webb 89). They also offered opportunities for girls. According to Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, this new education system signified a break from the European Education System, which was viewed as classist. Moreover, they saw it as a continuation of the democratic principles and instead championed for an all-inclusive educational structure, through the identification of natural aristocracies. Mostly, this new educational system was meant to identify people from all walks of life that were naturally talented and gifted. However, the African Americans had difficulties entering schools owing to the racial problems (Iorio and Yeager 3). Over time, the American school curriculum became more developed from the rudimentary hornbook level to the more accommodating McGuffey Reader level (Iorio and Yeager 4). However, there is minimal or no comparison between the current and the former colonial educational system, as most of the problems that affected most public schools are associated with the past. Nonetheless, religion has been viewed to present questionable influence in the academic sector, in particular for women. Its role in the enforcement of standards, local control, as well as uneven opportunities for the poor and people of color has also been questioned. Fortunately, the constitution came in handy in helping to address these challenges. One of the ways it has done this is through delegating the role of academic design and curriculum development entirely as the responsibility of the state rather than the federal government (Goldin and Katz 2). Another historical event that shaped education in America and curriculum development is the common school movement. During the 9th century, there was a lot of public support for universal education. The thought spiraled this advocacy that schools should be beneficial for everyone in society and not just the wealthy (Iorio and Yeager 6). The most instrumental person that spearheaded this change was Horace Mann. Through his advocacy, common schools were designed, and the quality of education in regular schools improved. With the onset of the civil war, public elementary schools had become popular. The progressive movement also played a key role in shaping education history and curriculum development in the United States. Notably, John Dewey was a principal advocate of progressivism, an ideal that significantly affected 20th-century education (Labaree 283). One of the fundamental tenets of this curriculum is that it is emphasized the need to foster learning through actions and shaped the curricula to revolve around the interest of the children. While this movement is no longer as common as it used to be, its children-centered curricula continue to thrive as a key influence to most educators presently. The history of education in the United States is highly diverse. Ideally, every key historic reform played a role in how the education curriculum has changed over time. For instance, the advent of the Turner societies has been instrumental for the inclusion of the Physical education curriculum in education. Colonial governments led to the need to develop standard/ elementary schools, the influence of the constitution in boosting curriculum development, and the role of the progressive movement in encouraging the development of a curriculum centered on action learning and interest of the child. However, these events would not have been possible without the support of key personalities like Dewey, Mann, and the likes of Catherine Beecher, who eventually made it a reality. Works Cited Goldin, Claudia and Lawrence F. Katz. “The Shaping of Higher Education: The Formative Years in the United States, 1890-1940.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 13.1 (1999): 37-62. Print. Iorio, Sharon Hartin, and M. E. Yeager. “School Reform: Past, Present and Future.” Wichita State University, College of Education, Wichita, 2014. Print. Labaree, David F. “Progressivism, Schools and Schools of Education: An American Romance.” Paedagogica Historica 41.1-2 (2005): 275-288. Print. Lewis, S. G. “Moral Philosophy and Curricular Reform: Catharine Beecher and Nineteenth Century Educational Leadership for Women.” 2010. Print Webb, L. Dean. The History of American Education , Upper Saddle River: Merrill Prentice Hall, 2006. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Strategic Portfolio Selection in IT Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Model Company 3. It Portfolios 4. Strategies for Selection and Implementation 5. Conclusion 6. Reference Introduction Companies and organizations are always changing in terms of infrastructure development, staff and resource development and systems upgrade. This is in tandem with changing customer needs, expectations, and requirements. The main aim of the changes is to add more value to the company. To achieve this, a wide range of projects are first proposed to the management who then consider them for implementation. All the portfolios are then scrutinized and the best of them picked. This helps in setting the strategic plan of organizations. This paper describes the options available for implementation. The portfolios that are availed to the management for consideration include the introduction of new software, installation of wireless communication system, and design of company website for communication. Model Company XTEL COMPUTERS is the model company that is picked to aid in discussing the portfolios. Xtel is a software firm that deals with the development of off-shelves and desktop software. In addition to the above services, the company also maintains the software installed for its clients. Xtel has a client base that is composed of small retail outlets, private companies, and individuals. The head office of the company is in Mexico. Xtel has employed field engineers who are mainly outsourced and work on a contract basis. It Portfolios As a communication firm, clients are mainly captured and sustained with an efficient communication system. The design of an interactive client website is one of the projects to be considered as a tool for communication. The wireless system is also a robust idea that is excellent for communication in this digital world. Another proposal is a billing system that can facilitate the easy remittance of funds by clients and also aid in the payment of employees. Strategies for Selection and Implementation A web-based communication system is the best IT portfolio that is selected for implementation. As a software firm, the company has busy communication traffic and a web system fits best for it because of many reasons. The web-based system can be customized into being so interactive besides very quick responses being obtained from this system due to its interactive nature (Compuware Corporation. 2008). The quick response is aided by some default answers which are posted by the IT personnel and is an advantage above Fax, and mail system of communication. A web-based system also enables the posting of a large amount of information about the company. This provides an avenue through which the company advertises itself and the services it offers. The company profile can also be made available to the public through the website. All these services cannot be supported by other convectional systems like telephony and paging service. An interactive website by definition offers a wide spectrum of client base from all over the world. This provides a wider chance and opportunity for expansion to the organization because anybody can reach this information through the internet. More cash can also be obtained through the use of this system. This is practical through advertisements posted by other firms on this company website. The cash obtained at times exceeds the expense incurred by the company t maintain the website. The interactive web also enables remittance of cash through the internet. Services like credit cards and PayPal are supported by this means and it also provides a faster channel of feedback from clients and managers. Some of the expenditure that is incurred by companies on web-based communication is on permission to be hosted on the internet. This money is paid in annual installments. The company will also pay for software maintenance and system upgrade. Most internet providers are good to work with because of many advantages. Many internet service providers(ISP) have after-sale services whereby they help to service and do repairs on the networks they have installed (Krigsman M. 2008). The implementation of a web-based system has the capability of cutting down on expenses by great margins. For instance: telephone and paging service would require round-the-clock operators and monthly (or year) line leasing fees, which are by far more expensive than internet connectivity fees. They would also require regular maintenance and repair. Internet-based communication on the other hand would only require modest fees to offset server fees charged by the ISP. The choice of a communication system is hence highly skewed in favor of an improved website. The internet-based money transfer method is legal in Mexico as outlined in the National Development Plan of 1995- 2000. This plan provides an outline of incentives to be offered by the government to computer and software firms and the mechanisms of dealing with computer or cyber frauds (Krigsman M. 2008). Many software firms have crowded the market in this digital world. A website that can run on all platforms and is highly interactive and user-friendly becomes a must-visit site for every user. Xtel computers have therefore introduced Web system so as to be an edge above its competitors. Conclusion Strategic portfolio selection is very important for success. The first stage in this move is to receive all proposals from all sections of the firm. The management then picks on the best depending on the importance and urgency. Many IT portfolios are analyzed in the same format. Web-based communication is the best because of its ease of operation both to the management, clients, and employees. Reference Compuware Corporation. (2008). IT portfolio management. Web. Krigsman M. (2008). Project portfolio management and IT governance. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Retail Combinations yet Undeveloped Essay Retail business enterprises form major and imperative drivers of economies. In countries where unemployment ratio is high, retail markets act as job creators to the unemployed. As population of countries enlarges, the consumption rate is also increased leading to thrived business opportunities. In tandem with the increasing population demand, retail markets should be developed to meet the demand of consumers. With the ongoing economic down turn, retailers are now posed with many challenges leaving them in a flux. However, even with warring retail markets, one of the world’s retail overriding player Wal-Mart have continued to increase its sales thus creating a one type commodity retail market. As far as retail trade is concerned, there is one thing that traders can not speculate. The behavior of retail markets today does not reflect its future operations nor can it guarantee tomorrow’s retail market. Retail markets keep on changing each and every period. Hence, there is strong urge to look for future developments that will offer better competition and viable markets. The paper will examine three potential retail forms that are underdeveloped and their future speculations. (Venkatachalam, 2008, Para. 16-39). The first retail market that is underdeveloped is bakery cafes. Consumer survey held by Technomic Consultants in Chicago in 2008, indicated that, about 5o percent of the people interviewed do not know whether this type of retail form exist. Some respondents cited the unavailability of these retail forms within their locality. Most consumers buy bread from supermarkets while it can easily be accessed even at shops around homes. Bakery cafes do not receive attraction from consumers because they are unfamiliar with food items sold by these retailers. Indeed, this is an underdeveloped retail sector with an enormous opportunity. Bakery café retailers now have the opportunity to market their services to consumers for their business to thrive well. The fact that, these bakery cafes are easily accessible to consumers is an advantage to retailers for their future enterprises. What is required is accessibility and creation of awareness to non-customers who will turn to be consumers from retailers. Additionally, consumer cafes can bake other types of breads to create a competition to market existing ones. Furthermore, these cafes will act as social venues for young consumers thus attracting more revenues. (Business Wire, 2009, Para. 1-8). Another retail form which is underdeveloped is farmer’s products in markets. In many countries, farm produces are not marketed well due to unavailable retail markets. Produces like milk, and farm products like vegetables and fruits exhibit a non-competitive retail market due to unavailable market. Most farmers are forced to sell their produces to cooperatives and wholesalers who come from far yet these commodities can find a market locally. Thus, agricultural retail markets can be positively utilized by retailers to become potential income generators in the future; not necessarily taking produces to big markets or selling farm products to companies but creating a retail market for these commodities. Farm groceries is a good retail form as the consumers create a ready market for these commodities without looking them in supermarkets and city markets which may be kilometers away. (Encyclopedia of Nations, (n.d), Para. 2-17). Apart from farming and bakery retail forms, fisheries form another underdeveloped retail market enterprise. If retailers do not have equipments like fridges, then this retail form becomes difficult to handle. There is a viable market for these commodities both locally and internationally. However, in most countries, fishery as a retail market form has not developed due to lack of attention. Fish farmers undergo a series of loses due to lack of retail marketing. Consumers do not buy fish for consumption because; it is not easy to find even a single seller of this commodity. As a result, the retail form is underdeveloped. The future of this form of retail enterprise is bright is this commodity is easily available to consumers and more awareness created. In conclusion, there are various retail forms that are underdeveloped due to inaccessibility and unawareness. The future development of these retail forms depends on their convenience and responsiveness. References Business Wire. 2008. Bakery Cafes: Still an Underdeveloped Growth Opportunity, Says Technomic. Web. Encyclopedia of the Nations. (n.d). Morocco . Web. Venkatachalam, M., 2008. Challenges in Retail Industry . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Disruptive Innovation and Non-Consumption Coursework Disruptive Innovation The theory of disruptive innovation appeared in 1995. Since that time, many modern companies use this theory as a guide to a successful business. Disruptive innovation is a process whereby a company develops a simple and low-cost product or service which occupies the bottom of the market and over time, begins to continuously go upmarket and ousts its competitors. The main reason for a product to move upmarket is the company’s pursuit of more profits (Christensen). In general, the reason why disruptive innovation happens is that usually, good companies are aware of innovations, but the environment of their business does not allow them to apply these technologies the first moment they appear, as they simply do not have enough money for their implementation, and because the adoption of these technologies will take most of their resources which are vital in their current competition. Thus, according to Christensen, the value networks of a company places value on disruptive innovation which is not enough for the competition, whereas new companies usually develop their value networks, which are different and allow them to begin the process of ousting the older company out of the business (Christensen). As a result, since the profit margin cannot grow infinitely, older companies reach the point when customers cannot buy their product, and they collapse. Certainly, there are ways to prevent that from happening. For example, at a certain point, a company should go down-market and strengthen its position. However, to do so, the company requires more resources, but with a good business strategy that presupposes good preparation for this shift and its timely implementation, the company can succeed (Ojomo). In the UAE, the authorities focused their attention on disruptive innovation already in 1999. That year, they created TECOM (Technology, Electronics, Commerce, and Media), which maintained the business environment in the country in a way that it prevents disruptive innovation (Al-Qirim 1898). It represents the so-called ecosystem for innovation where there are thousands of companies in Dubai and the rest of the country which are connected and together contribute to the development of the state instead of ousting each other from the business (Kennedy 121). Non-consumption Non-consumption is the refusal of customers to purchase products or services primarily due to their cost. The notion of non-consumption is closely connected to the notion of disruptive innovation in a way that when the process of disruptive innovation begins, it inevitably leads to non-consumption which is the main reason for the ousted company to go bankrupt (Ojomo). In Christensen’s opinion, managers, investors, entrepreneurs can compete against non-consumption by investing in a certain kind of innovation which is called market-creating innovation. This type of innovation allows transforming expensive and complex products into cheaper and simpler ones, thereby making them accessible to a much greater number of people. Thus, market-creating innovations eliminate non-consumption and lead to consumption. Companies that use this type of innovation are regarded as “drivers” for economic growth. Certainly, applying this type of innovation requires additional resources, but if a company prepares for this shift beforehand, it usually succeeds (Xiao 1753). As for the UAE, since the problem of disruptive innovation is under thorough control, the risk of non-consumption reduces to a minimum. In general, the principle of market-creating innovations dominates business in the UAE. Additionally, the problem of non-consumption is not common in the country, as they use a more collaborative approach in doing business rather than competitive (Stall). Works Cited Al-Qirim, Nabeel. “An Empirical Investigation of Smart Board Innovations in Teaching in UAE University.” Education and Information Technologies , vol. 21, no. 6, 2016, pp. 1895-1911. Christensen, Clayton M. et al. “ What Is Disruptive Innovation? ” Harvard Business Review . 2015. Web. Kennedy, William R. et al. Dubai – The Epicenter of Modern Innovation: A Guide to Implementing Innovation Strategies. CRC Press, 2017. Ojomo, Efosa. “ Non-Consumption is Your Fiercest Competition — and It Is Winning. ” Christensen Institute . 2016. Web. Stall, Leonard. “‘Disruptive Innovation’ Debated in Dubai.” Web. Xiao, Na. “How Non-Consumption Goals (Elicited by Competitive Setting or Social Risk) and Self-Confidence Influence the Importance of Trivial Attributes in Product Evaluation.” European Journal of Marketing , vol. 50, no. 9/10, 2016, pp. 1746-1766. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Giselle Ballet at the War Memorial Opera House Essay The traditional ballet Giselle was performed by the San Francisco ballet this last January 26 at a Sunday matinee at the handsome War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco. This piece, choreographed by Helgi Tomasson, formed the whole program for the afternoon. It really is old fashioned ballet, with ballerinas on their toes, and beautiful costumes. The male dancers are strong and the female dancers look delicate. The music has both harmony and rhythm. Somehow, it does not seem out of style. What made this performance exciting was the fact that it was not out of style. Ballet, at least as demonstrated in Giselle , involves a limited number of moves and gestures. These are combined in a variety of ways. The dancers used these moves to act out and narrate a story very effectively and without being repetitious. The fact that the story they were telling (involving going insane over being two-timed) seemed completely ridiculous did not seem to bother the dancers or the audience. This was an accomplishment. The choreography was by the director of the San Francisco ballet, Helgi Tomasson, and seemed to fit with the classical music of the piece very well. It involved a lot of pantomime and gestures at various points in the story. The choreography did its best to explain the complicated tale. However, the story seems to include fake identity, chronic illness, ghosts, infidelity, hopeless love, and class warfare (Giselle and Albrecht are separated by their different economic statuses). It was therefore very difficult to follow. Most of the motivations would be impossible to imagine in the 21st century. It finally stopped seeming worthwhile to try to understand the details of the plot. Instead, it seemed better to just appreciate the dancing as just movement to music. The dancing was physically demanding and showed that the dancers are all fine athletes. The male dancers must be very strong, because they can lift the female dancers and raise them in above their heads. The dancers were all very accomplished at both the dancing part of the ballet and the pantomime parts as well. They are actors as well as dancers. This seems like quite an accomplishment. This is because the dancing itself is so strenuous that it seems as though it would take all the energy of the dancers. The music was composed by Adolphe Adam, which is not a familiar name. There were other contributors to the piece: Friedrich Burgmuller, Ludwig Minkus and Emil de Cou. It was classical music, completely classical. This went perfectly with the story, which could not have taken place in any later century. Thus, the music was very well suited to the ballet, and contributed to the atmosphere of performance. It was slightly spooky at moments, for example when the Wilis appeared in their veils, but mostly it was just beautiful. There were obvious dance rhythms such as the waltz in various spots. The orchestra, conducted by Martin West, was quite professional and disappeared into the background, which seemed appropriate. The costumes were out of a fairy tale, which was also appropriate. They were floaty and pale for the Wilis, and colorful for everyone else. The costumes were like doll costumes, and they made the production seem quite magical. It was not clear whether they were historically accurate for the time, because the real clothing of the last several centuries would have been uncomfortable to try to use for moving around as vigorously as these dancers did. However, the costumes certainly were charming. The lighting contributed a great deal to the performance. It told the story as well. The lighting helped the audience understand that they were moving from the village to Giselle’s grave in the forest. This was very traditional ballet. It was a wonderful experience to see something that audiences have been enjoying for over a hundred years. Although the story was silly, and hard to believe, the dancing itself was quite enough to make the performance worthwhile. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It will also detail on the two possible impacts of environmental factors to health. Additionally, it will provide information on the appropriate steps that ought to be observed by a researcher in solving environmental barriers to health. Introduction For one to sustain good health, he or she ought to use safe water and breathe in clean air. It is also vital for one to consume adequate food, live under tolerable temperatures, and in a stable climate. Human beings also need to be protected from ultraviolet rays and extreme levels of biodiversity. However, major global environment changes such as climate change and the diminution of ozone layer have been found to impair the health status of a population (Lucier & Hooks, 2000). Synopsis This study aims at understanding the environmental factors that impact health. It will provide broad information on how environmental elements such sanitation affects an individual’s health. Additionally, it will expound on the impacts of nutrition, globalization, and observance of human rights to an individual’s health (Jacobson, 2014). It will also detail on the roles of the researcher in improving human health. Environmental Factors that Impact Health Environmental factors impact human being’s health both positively and negatively. Positive environmental factors play a significant role in not only sustaining human health, but also acting as preventive medicine. Some of the positive environmental factors include adequate sources of nutrition, availability of safe water, presence of quality air, presence of the ozone layer, good sanitation, and availability of space for exercises (Levine, 2007). Negative environmental factors expose an individual to diseases which require observance of public environmental health. Some of the negative environmental factors include disease causing environmental conditions full of vectors. Environmental disruptions also play a role in pollution of the environment. For instance, they alter the quality of water and air. Social factors such as occupational status, culture, and educational level describe an environment. They play a significant role in determining the health status of an individual. Observance of some cultures impact human’s health. Most cultures tend to ignore health values by exposing an individual into uncouth practices. Sanitation and availability of safe water make up an environment. Poor sanitation leads to emergence of an environment full of disease causing organisms that hamper with human health. Gas emissions by automobiles lead to ozone layer depletion, which exposes human beings to ultra violet rays that cause cancer. Water inadequacy also leads to emergence of waterborne diseases (Jacobson, 2014). For instance, it leads to emergence of typhoid and cholera. Nutrients are also part of an environment. They play a significant role in maintaining an individual’s health. Inadequacy of nutrients causes malnutrition and exposes an individual to diseases such as rickets and beriberi. My Role in eliminating Environmental Barriers to Health To eradicate environmental barriers to health, I will advocate for observance of proper sanitation. This plays a significant role in reducing the chances of diseases by eradicating the breading zone for disease causing vectors. It will also be my pleasure to advice the public on the essence of questioning the integrity of water before drinking. Additionally, I will take part in discouraging diverse companies from allowing their untreated outflows to rivers. Conclusion In conclusion, human health is determined by observance of environmental factors such as use of safe water, breathing in of clean air, and consumption of adequate foods and nutrients. However, some environmental factors contribute to deterioration of human health. Factors such as poor sanitation, depletion of the ozone layer, presence of unclean air and contaminated water deteriorates an individual’s health. To maintain good health, it is vital for human beings to observe the integrity of water and air. References Jacobson, K. (2014). Introduction to Global Health, (2nd ed.). New York: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Levine, Ruth. (2007). Case Studies in Global Health Millions Saved . New York: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lucier, G & Hook, G. (2000). Reviews in Environmental Health : Toxicological Defense Mechanics. New York: DIANE Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Application of RE-AIM Framework Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Method 3. Effective indicators 4. Adoption indicators 5. Implementation indicators and Maintenance indicators 6. Results 7. References Background The population of interest involved healthcare professionals that deliver services women of child bearing age. Obstetricians, social workers, associate health practitioners, community nurses, physicians, and pediatricians were the study participants. The article targeted to alter and improve the practice of healthcare providers caring for pregnant women (Payne et al., 2011). It was discovered that only 25% of the health professionals delivered health messages to pregnant women about the effects of alcohol on the fetus. Method The authors systematically reviewed literature besides conducting interviews for selected participants. They used a large sample size to ensure validity and authenticity of the study. Focused groups (53 healthcare providers and 57 women) were selected and engaged in an extensive interview concerning the topic (Payne et al., 2011). The resources were sent to professionals via mails. Effective indicators The study used the previous survey to compare the results and maintain reliability. Educational materials registered a 31% increase in the number of healthcare workers who delivered health messages to pregnant mothers (Payne et al., 2011). The success of the study was determined by the number of settings that adopted the project. The study utilized qualitative and quantitative designs to assess efficacy. Adoption indicators The projected was adopted in the Western Australian Department of Health. It was integrated in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services which demonstrated transition. The Australian Medical Association implemented the study and adapted it into practice settings (Payne et al., 2011). The involvement of participants from diverse organizations ensured the distribution of resources across many individuals in various locations. Implementation indicators and Maintenance indicators The response rate indicated that most health professionals reviewed the resources and utilized them in the care of pregnant mothers. A theoretical framework was also established that outlined the implementation of the project. The organizational settings embraced the health resources and introduced them to routine based programs. The organizations posted the health sources on the websites to ease accessibility—besides, the research institutions committed to updating resources in light of reviews and revisions (Payne et al., 2011). The healthcare professionals and women of childbearing age expressed their acknowledgment effectiveness of the new practices. Results The project covered 96.3% of the population of interest. It revealed significant potential in reducing prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder if extensively adopted (Payne et al., 2011). An integrated supply of health resources would enhance the application of evidence-based practice. References Payne, J. M., France, K. E., Henley, N., D’Antoine, H. A., Bartu, A. E., O’Leary, C. M.,… & Geelhoed, E. (2011). RE-AIM evaluation of the alcohol and pregnancy project: educational resources to inform health professionals about prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Evaluation & the Health professions, 34 (1), 57-80. Web. Jauregui, E., Pacheco, A. M., Soltero, E. G., O’Connor, T. M., Castro, C. M., Estabrooks, P. A.,… Lee, R. E. (2015). Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate physical activity public health programs in México. BMC Public Health , 15(1), 162. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Islam 2. The Qur’an and Its Significance to the Religion 3. The Five Pillars 4. The Importance of Ramadan in Islam 5. The Sunni, Shiite, and Sufi Branches of Islam 6. Conclusion 7. References Islam Islam is one of the largest religions in the world, and, like any other, religion it involves certain values and conventions that guide people throughout their lives. Islam is a monotheistic religion that teaches people to be righteous and bring good to this world. One of the central postulates of the Islamic religion is to do the right things and be a righteous person who follows the laws created by God. When considering Islam, it is important to take a closer look at the main book of Islam (Qur’an), the main values (Five Pillars), and Ramadan. It is also necessary to identify the difference between two major denominations to understand one of the most important features of this religion. The Qur’an and Its Significance to the Religion Qur’an can be regarded as the most important source of knowledge within the Islamic religion. This Holy book is of paramount significance to Islam as it is the core of the religion, as well as the cultural tradition of the Muslim world (Keepin, 2016). First, Qur’an is the book of revelations that are the basis of Muslim people’s values. It is believed that the book was written based on the teachings of Muhammad who heard the revelations from the angel Gabriel (Robinson, 2013). At that, Qur’an is used in Muslim daily life as the verses (suras) provided in the book are used during daily rituals. Besides, Qur’an is also seen as an artwork as Muslims reproduce the verses on walls and other surfaces using beautiful calligraphy. The Five Pillars The Five Pillars of Islam can be regarded as basic values of Muslims that include shahadah, prayer, alms tax, fasting, and the pilgrimage. The first pillar, shahadah, is the testimony of faith. Proclaiming shahadah (that involves two parts) means being a Muslim. The first part means that the person accepts that only God can be worshiped, and the second part means that the person accepts that only Muhammed’s teachings are true (Keepin, 2016). The second pillar is concerned with the daily practice of praying. Muslims pray five times a day. The third pillar is also referred to as zakat meaning growth as well as purification through giving. Muslims give away a part of their wealth to those in need. The fourth pillar is fasting during Ramadan, which is also associated with purification. The fifth Pillar is the pilgrimage (or haji) to Mecca (Keepin, 2016). These five pillars are based on the principles of deep faith, self-growth, and purification. The Importance of Ramadan in Islam As has been mentioned above, Ramadan is associated with purification in many respects. Ramadan is the month when Muhammed received the revelation. This is the ninth month of the lunar year, which means that Ramadan does not have a fixed date. The importance of this month cannot be overestimated as it is the time when Muslims spend a lot of time praying and thinking of spiritual things. Muslim people fast during the daytime and can eat only after the sunset. They spend a significant part of the nights of Ramadan praying, which makes them stronger believers. The abstinence from pleasures makes people purified and enlightened. The Sunni, Shiite, and Sufi Branches of Islam Like many other religions, Islam is divided into several schools and denominations. Sunni Muslims represent the largest group although, in some countries, (for example, Iraq) Shiite Muslims constitute the majority of the population (Robinson, 2013). The major difference between the Sunnis and Shiites is their views on the choice of the leader. Shiite Muslims believe that the leader (caliph) should be a descendant of Ali, who was a blood relative with Muhammed as Shiites think that revelation can come to descendants of the enlightened person. However, Sunni Muslims insist that the caliph should be chosen among the most knowledgeable and just. The different views in this area led to the development of some specific hadith although the two denominations share a lot in common. As to Sufi, this is not a plentiful denomination compared to the two mentioned above. Sufi Muslims are more concerned about the spiritual component of the religion. They believe that God can be closer to people, and people can communicate with Allah. Sufi Muslims also pay more attention to the afterlife than Sunnis and Shiites do. Thus, it is clear that Muslims, irrespective of the denomination, pay much attention to the authority as this is one of the principal sources of discord. Conclusion On balance, it is necessary to note that Islam is the foundation of the Muslim world. This religion aims at making people righteous, enlightened, and purified. Qur’an and Five Pillars of Islam unite Muslims in their focus on the righteous life. Authority is one of the most important things for Muslims, which is seen from the history of the development of this religion. The concept of authority is closely linked to being righteous. However, there is still certain discord, and people are divided into some denominations. References Keepin, W. (2016). Belonging to God: Spirituality, science & a universal path of divine love . Woodstock, VT: SkyLight Paths Publishing. Robinson, N. (2013). Islam: A concise introduction . New York, NY: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Steps to take if you haven’t gotten a job Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Steps in job hunting 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction In today’s world, both the young and the old individuals find themselves jobless especially during current economic downturns. For such jobless people, job hunting is on top of their list of priorities. In order to be effective in job seeking, the job hunters are required to use proper strategies to enable them to increase their chances of securing a job. The most successful job hunters do not wait for jobs to be available instead they are proactive in ensuring that they track down the best opportunities. This paper analyses the steps that a job seeker should consider in order to increase their chances of ultimately acquiring a job. Steps in job hunting There are many steps that a job hunter can use to find the right opportunities in securing a dream job. Networking is one of the steps where contacts are acquired through business and social functions in order to help the job seeker in the job hunting process. A job seeker can start developing a network through close people like family, friends and neighbors, who might help them find a job or point them in the right direction. The second important strategy in job hunting is the thorough review of one’s resume and cover letter. The resume and cover letter should be written professionally in order to stand out from the rest. To ensure that these documents stand out, the hunter should seek the services of a professional writer for quality work. Thirdly, a conversation with counselors in different careers can help in providing the right referrals and resources to aid in the management of careers. The counselor can also help the job seeker emotionally get through a long period of unemployment that might interfere with job searching efforts. Fourthly, doing thorough research on the labor market and employers is a very important step in determining the success of job hunting. The research ensures that the job seeker’s resume and cover letter meet the professional needs of employers in order to put them in a better position to compete with other job seekers. Fifthly, doing voluntary work is also a plus in the process of job hunting. The job hunter should be willing to ask for work in a reputable organization and expect no pay in return. Volunteering helps one showcase their skills and talents to the potential employers, which in turn enable them to be considered for recruitment. Furthermore, pursuing additional training is also a very important step that job seekers can take to increase their chances of securing a good job. In order for one to get their dream job, study advancement is more likely to help in strengthening the job hunter’s qualifications and set them apart from the rest of the job seekers . Conclusion Job hunting is not an easy task and many people tend to give up too soon. The process requires a lot of intelligence in gathering information about the targeted career sector. Knowing a particular job in its sector enables the job seeker to easily convince a potential employer that they have the right qualities, experience and qualifications to handle the responsibilities of a given job. It is evident that a job seeker should be strategically prepared for the long and tiring process of job hunting in order to gain positive feedback. Reference List Jones, L. (2002, April). Ten steps to follow if you haven’t gotten a job . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Increase Revenue at DeClerck Family Dental Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Methodology 2. Results 3. Discussion 4. Reference Methodology Processing the results of the survey of respondents is conducted in parallel in three stages. The primary handling of questionnaires implies checking that they have been completed correctly. The main criteria of this stage are completeness, accuracy, and uniformity of the answers provided. In the case of detection of faulty completed online questionnaires, these results were not taken into account. Survey secondary processing includes a statistical examination of the data set by building joint histograms of answers distribution, tables, and diagrams for specific categories of the sample: women, men, pensioners, and young people. The use of mathematical tools for quantitative research allows for the systematization and streamlining of data dispersion. For this reason, tertiary data processing is done through correlation analysis. In particular, the correlation coefficient was determined to test hypotheses, as well as to find the relationship between the parameters sought. The method consists in assigning ordinal numbers to each answer in the questionnaire and searching for relations between the answers of respondents and expected results. The data are processed using statistical programs to implement correlation analysis or in Excel spreadsheets. The correlation coefficient identified is compared with reference values to determine the nature of the relationship, after which the conclusion about the reliability of the hypotheses put forward is made. Results The results obtained after statistical processing include charts, histograms, and tables showing different dependencies between input parameters. First of all, histograms of answers distribution averaged for all participants of the questionnaire allow to identification primary trends for quick analysis. Pie charts will show the proportionate distribution of respondents’ physiological and social characteristics: gender, age, social status, and employment. It is worth noting that such primitive means of displaying results can lead to unexpected conclusions, therefore, special attention should be paid to finding hidden relationships. Tables can include a demonstration of the frequency of displaying specific answers or a comparison of the most and least popular elections. The final results are a calculated correlation coefficient and a graph showing the location of points and the linear trend. First of all, the emphasis should be placed on providing reliable correlation analysis data: correlation coefficient r and sampling error probability, which can be conveniently displayed in the form of a table. The scatter plot between the data should contain the linear trend and all the points in the processing. Discussion Interpretation of the results allows the conclusion of the reliability of three hypotheses put forward about the interrelation of parameters. If the statistical analysis shows a rather high correlation coefficient, it can be argued with a certain degree of accuracy that there is a strong correlation, and therefore the policies proposed by the organization are effective (Franzese & Iuliano, 2019). In particular, if the answer to question #6 of the survey shows a high level of confidence in clients’ choice of services, the clinic should introduce this measure. Conversely, if tertiary results management shows a low correlation rate, it may not be cost-effective to introduce new services at a lower cost. In this case, the company should either abandon the idea of scale the survey in case of a sampling error. Unexpectedly, the correlation coefficient may show a negative value. Then the correlation between the parameters is inverse to what the organizers of the research expected. It is essential to say that several factors limit the research. In particular, the survey was conducted only for the products of the Revenue at DeClerck Family Dental company, so there is no guarantee that all the revealed regularities will be relevant for other organizations. In addition, only correlation analysis was used, although it demonstrates the correlation, but does not have a high degree of statistical significance. Qualitative research methods, such as interviews, are not sufficient to study the individual characteristics of respondents. Future developments of this problem should be aimed at introducing a regression model of analysis that reflects the influence of factors on the shift in response truth. The introduction of new services and changes in dental policy should precede sample scaling if a weak correlation is detected. Reference Franzese, M., & Iuliano, A. (2019). Correlation analysis. In S. Ranganathan, M. Gribskov, K. Nakai, & C. Schönbach (Eds.), Encyclopedia of bioinformatics and computational biology (pp. 706-721). Elsevier. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Coping With Stress in Breast Cancer Patients Coursework This response paper seeks to analyze the results of a study conducted on women with breast cancer. The study sought to determine various dynamics that characterize optimism among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Such research undertakings suffice as correlative as opposed to experimental because they gear towards realization of basic ideals that describe scientific investigations (Crombie, 2012). Investigative studies must adhere to scientific paradigms in order to satisfy procedural and contextual thresholds. It is difficult for researchers to influence or manipulate such studies because different dynamic realities are used in their propagation (Crombie, 2012). In many cases, divergent factors play an important role in determining the outcomes of scientific studies. Inherent fluctuations influence the overall orientation and disposition of scientific research undertakings (Crombie, 2012). In absence of such controls, it would be difficult for experts to rationalize and propagate accurate outcomes. Research studies revolve around credibility, accuracy, and precision. Therefore, it is important for research experts to ensure and guarantee adherence to methodologies and guidelines that define scientific inquiry (Crombie, 2012). This study covers a pertinent facet with regard to the plight of cancer victims in different social contexts. Its design and propagation exhibits recurrent efforts that seek to establish and demystify realities that cancer patients encounter in modern society (Erban, 2012). The credibility of this exercise is evident because it involved social scientists and experts from diverse scientific areas of interest. Credible research studies should exhibit accuracy, acuity, and precision in order to reflect a representative demeanour (Erban, 2012). However, various discrepancies manifest with regard to the initiation and propagation of research studies. In most cases, researchers exercise restraint whenever they elucidate outcomes that relate to investigative exercises. For instance, they avoid generalizations because they create discrepancies and alter the accuracy of research studies (Erban, 2012). Such efforts require general paradigms such as assumption and selection of representative samples. Devoid of such considerations, it would be difficult for research experts to relay accurate and precise outcomes. Pre-emptive measures support computation of data and relevant information that ultimately adds value to overall research outcomes (Erban, 2012). This particular study had weaknesses that tilted outcomes and elucidations. For instance, participation was voluntary and researchers had no authority or wherewithal to determine it (Erban, 2012). It was also difficult for researchers to determine or influence accuracy and candour. Such factors affect accuracy and credibility with regard to research outcomes. In this particular study, it was difficult for researchers to convince women to participate. In order to guarantee success in such undertakings, experts should sensitize participants on the need for accuracy and candour in providing information (Erban, 2012). Although the study was satisfactory and consistent with expectations, it would have obtained better results if more people participated. The relevance of this observation revolves around a recurrent need for accuracy and precision (Gosling, 2010). Another limitation relates to the scope and orientation of the study. It failed to illustrate the inherent relationship between correlation and causation. The study illustrated various aspects of optimism with regard to actual medical procedures involved in cancer treatment. The results failed to show basic existential realities that affect cancer patients (Gosling, 2010). Overly, this research exercise was credible because outcomes were similar to those exhibited by similar scientific exercises. This reality made it a valid representation of factors that affect cancer patients (Gosling, 2010). References Crombie, K. (2012). Research in Healthcare: Design, Conduct and Interpretation . London: John Wiley & Sons. Erban, J. (2012). Breast Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Newyork: Demos Medical Publishing. Gosling, S. (2010). Advanced Methods for Conducting Research Studies . Newyork: CENGAGE. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Fish – a Poem by Elizabeth Bishop Essay The Fish is a poem authored by Elizabeth Bishop. The author uses language to attract the attention of the readers. She also manages to express her feelings through imagery in her literary piece of work by employing similes, descriptive language, and adjectives. These literary devices culminate into a precise mental image of the occurrences in the setting. This poem figuratively describes several events that culminate into the main message that the author communicates to the reader. The speaker describes an encounter on a fishing expedition using a rented boat. Several events culminate into the events that are finally revealed in the poem. The speaker in the poem managed to trap a large fish. The fish is rather old since algae and barnacles are growing on its outer surface. The fish is strong and powerful enough to fight for its life. The speaker analyzes the fish and wonders how much energy the fish had used to resist being caught. The size and the age of the fish make the narrator to respect the creature. The narrator compares herself with the fish due to the struggle that each one of them has to make in the deep waters. She acknowledges that she has been fishing for many years and the boat is symbolic of the fish. She becomes emotional and eventually lets the fish to go. If she had not taken her time to study the fish, she could have never imagined how much struggle the fish has undergone in order to avoid being trapped by fishermen for several years. She ended up appreciating the struggle for survival undertaken by the old fish. She equates herself to the fish because both of them have been striving to survive against all odds. Her boat was old and spilling oil although it was still running. This is the moment that changed her thoughts. When she stared into the eyes of the fish, it immediately created an emotional trigger that culminated into the moment of revelation. The narrator experienced three revelations as a result of her detailed analysis of the fish, the boat and herself. The first revelation was based on how she described the outlook of the fish. The latter was old as apparent from the outside look. However, it appeared to be rather strong. The body was covered by layers of algae and had lines of bruises presumable sustained after escaping from fishermen traps. This created an image of the fish as a vital part of her life since it symbolized struggle to live. The fish was made to appear as an important image in the fishmonger’s life. As a result, the fishmonger ended up creating a mental picture that related the fish and real circumstances of life. The author has largely managed to personify the fish. She uses possessive nouns such as ‘his’ that attempt to a humanly picture of the fish and how daily struggle to be alive is dominant feature. She handles the fish, looks straight into its eyes, and admires the appearance of its face and the jaws. This makes the narrator in the poem to be attracted to the fish emotionally. The emotional attachment between the fish and the narrator intensifies as she compares the struggles the fish has endured to hers. The struggle that has been endured by the fish makes the narrator to perceive it as a hero. In addition, the fishmonger examines the jaw and observes that is has long hair. The author relates this eternal feature of the fish with wisdom. This makes the narrator to appreciate the fish as a wise creature especially if it managed to survive in the waters for many years. All these observations tend to strengthen the attributes of the fish as far as the fishmonger is concerned. Another outstanding instance that guaranteed the freedom of the fish after being caught is the condition of boat. The boat is definitely old. The author compares the age of the boat and the fish and finds that they are both dilapidated. Nonetheless, both the boat and the fish are vital in the entire survival cycle in spite of their ages. As much as the boat is old and full of imperfections, its functions are overwhelming according to the narrator. The leaking oil that formed a rainbow on the surface of water compelled the narrator to let the fish free since there was no time to deal with it while the boat was leaking. This narration describes several processes that culminated into acquittal of the fish even after being trapped. The fish is displayed as a vulnerable captive that has created a sorrowful situation. The personal relationship between the fish and the fishmonger also enhances the feelings crop up and culminate into the freedom of the fish. The narrator admires the fish. As a result, it strengthens the relationship between the two parties. The hooked jaw also reveals that the fish has escaped being caught several times. This compels the narrator to equate the fish to a hero. She ends up respecting the aquatic creature. References Bishop E. The fish . [place unknown: publisher unknown]; [date unknown; cited 2020 Feb 11]. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Shaping Control of Technology Report (Assessment) The “theory of cultural lag explores how culture takes much time to catch up with new technological advancements” (Appleman, 2008, p. 32). According to supporters of the theory, such a lag can cause numerous societal conflicts or problems. For example, the use of modern technologies has led to new inventions such as stem cells and genetically-modified foods (Appleman, 2008). Although such developments might be beneficial to mankind, the agreeable fact is they have resulted in numerous ethical concerns. Convergence theory argues that different communities develop new requirements in order for them to operate and function effectively (Appleman, 2008). When societies become industrialized, they acquire new functions and structures thus resembling other developed communities. This theory is supported by the similarities exhibited by mixed economies such as Germany and Japan. The United States and the USSR developed similar industrial capabilities especially after the Second World War. The federal government has the potential to dictate every course of technological advancement. The government sponsors various studies and researches that can result in new technologies. The missions executed by NASA explain the importance of the government towards supporting various technological developments. The government also implements policies to dictate the manner in which modern technologies are developed, shared, and used by its citizens (Volti, 2014). The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) was established in 1976 with the aim of advising the Executive on the issues surrounding new technologies. The purpose of the office was to ensure every new technology was sound and profitable ( Office of Science and Technology Policy , 2016). The role of the office is to ensure every technological work is coordinated in a professional manner and supports the needs of the society. Governments and corporations have the potential to control the World Wide Web (Al-Jazeera English, 2012). Different bills have been proposed to ensure the government controls the Web. However, such laws have encountered diverse views from different people. For instance, many people have been opposed to the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA) bills (Appleman, 2008). Such opponents argued that such bills threatened the wave of human innovation. The bills could also empower law enforcers to bock every form of internet access. As well, the bills threatened the rights of more people. On the other hand, some people supported the bills because they could protect the intellectual properties of many entrepreneurs (Page, 2012). The bills were also aimed at protecting many jobs, institutions, revenues, and industries. Many companies were also expected to benefit from the war against online piracy. I would support the bills and laws if only there were implemented in a proper manner (Volti, 2014). As well, the government should not use such laws to block the internet. The decision to give the government remote control over private routers is advantageous if executed in a professional manner. However, the move can produce numerous problems such as insecurity. The current technological issues, social implications, and legal considerations explain why new researches are needed. That being the situation, I would not give the government remote control over my router. This is the case because the strategy will ensure the ultimate control of the router is no longer in the hands of the owner. As well, the move can produce numerous problems during the implementation process. The decision can also increase chances of abuse and eventually affect the rights of many citizens (Brodkin, 2012). The owner’s control will also be reduced thus affecting the usability of the internet. Theoretically, it should be acknowledgeable that the principle will be hard to implement. The move will also affect the liberties of more citizens and increase cases of cybercrime in the country. The other important issue is associated with an internet kill switch (Page, 2012). I strongly believe that there should not be an internet kill switch. To begin with, it would be impossible for the government to clamp down every form of internet access. As well, the country’s law is against such a dictatorial shutdown (Page, 2012). The country’s internet access is provided by many companies. Such companies are engaged in business activities and therefore the government would find it impossible to block the internet. However, the government can engage in such an authoritarian act and eventually turn off the internet. The important thing is to ensure there are valid laws prohibiting the government from imposing such an internet kill switch. This move will protect the rights and liberties of every citizen in the country. Human beings have for centuries treated themselves as unique creatures. The book “Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space” goes further to describe the Earth as a small planet in the Solar System. Human beings should no longer be Earth-centered. They should focus on the best strategies in order to save humanity. The human race can be saved through space colonization. People should explore the dangers faced by planet Earth (Sagan, 1997). Comets and heavenly bodies pose a major threat to planet Earth. This knowledge therefore encourages people to widen their views. They should consider the best technologies and strategies that will support their existence in the wider solar system. Reference List Al-Jazeera English. (2012). Fault Lines: Controlling the Web . Web. Appleman, L. (2008). Redesigning the Internet for Content Regulation. Boca Raton, FL: Universal Publishers. Brodkin, J. (2012). Would you give the government remote control over your router . Web. Office of Science and Technology Policy . (2016). Web. Page, E. (2012). The Internet Kill Switch: Is It Possible for the Government to Turn Off the Internet. Web. Sagan, C. (1997). Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. Volti, R. (2014). Society and Technological Change. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Columbus’ Letter to Luis de Sant Angel Regarding the First Voyage Essay This voyage of Columbus, during which he sailed to India, lasted 33 days. There he discovered many islands inhabited by countless people. At first, Columbus explored the island of Juan, but since there were only a few settlements and uncommunicative natives, and winter also came, he decided to move south from these shores. Columbus then explored another vast island, Hispaniola. Hispaniola is a miracle due to its beautiful nature. The natives also fled at the sight of Columbus, but he managed to talk to some, giving them something useful, beautiful, or valuable. It was vital for Columbus to please them and encourage them to become Christians. The natives turned out to be pagans. They are very resourceful, quite good-natured, very timid, and far from ignorant. Columbus argued that the island was more extensive than England and Scotland combined. The natives are pretty good-looking; they are not black like in Guinea. Columbus heard that the people living on the second island at the entrance to India are considered the most ferocious and eat human flesh. According to The Letter of Columbus to Luis De Sant Angel Announcing His Discovery (1493), it was written aboard the Caravel off the Canary Islands on February 15, 1493. The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies Christians completely destroyed this land in the New World, did not spare even women, pregnant women, older people, and children. They committed the most real atrocities that made the Indians understand that these people did not come from Heaven. According to de las Casas (n.d.), Christians dismembered people, bet on who could split a man in half with one blow of the sword, beat babies to death, hung Indians, and burnt them. A Christian officer raped even the wife of the most powerful ruler of the islands. From that time on, the Indians began to look for ways to expel Christians from their lands. Since the weapons of the Indians were too weak, they fled to the mountains. But the Spanish captains, whom the author calls enemies of the human race, chased them with the help of ferocious dogs, which attacked the Indians, tearing them to pieces and devouring them. And since the Indians fairly killed some Christians on rare occasions, the Spaniards established a rule among themselves that for every Christian killed by the Indians, they would kill a hundred Indians. Works Cited de las Casas, Bartolomé. “ Excerpts from The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies ”, (n.d.). Web. “ The Letter of Columbus to Luis De Sant Angel Announcing His Discovery .” U.S. History, 1493. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Daniel Pink’s Book “Drive” Essay Table of Contents 1. Overview 2. Purpose 3. Evaluation 4. Summary 5. Reference Overview Daniel Pink, in his book “Drive”, dwells on the basic mechanisms of motivating the employees within a company. He explains the approach where there is no need to use the method of reward and punishment. Even though it is evident that money is the motivation for the majority of today’s workers, Pink states that there are several levels of this motivational structure. To his mind, this viewpoint is outdated, and that is why Pink suggests another approach that implements three new pillars: * autonomy, * mastery, * purpose. Autonomy means that employees want to regulate their work relationships and assignments on their own. Mastery means that employees want to develop their professional skill and become better in everything they do as long as it matters to them. Purpose means that people want to do significant things for the sake of something that is greater than they are. Pink also proposes new methods of evading the flaws of extrinsic motivation and using the extrinsic rewards. Purpose The purpose of this book is to show entrepreneurs, bosses, employers, and managers that there are more ways to evaluate and assess their employees’ work quality and productivity. Pink gives out the useful info that is to be processed by the chief managers and passed on to their subject managers. He also tries to convince the reader that the basic materialistic reward and punishment approach is outdated and should be reformed as soon as possible with the intention of increasing the efficiency. The key point of the book is that we should understand that people cannot only be governed by rewards and punishment if we want to improve employees’ devotion to their duties and increase their contentment. Evaluation The author achieved his goals by elaborating a new organizational structure that accompanies the newly implemented methods of employee’s reward and punishment developed by Pink. He also dwells on the symptoms he found may cause systematic difficulties for the company. Pink states that the biggest problems that a company can encounter are decreased cooperation and unethical behavior of its workers (Pink, 2011). As a relevant source of evidence, the author uses the fact of the importance of balancing between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. His motivation study finds evidence in several defects that can be found in extrinsic motivation model (Pink, 2011). Pink presents numerous original suggestions when it comes to the increase in completion of boring tasks. He uses autonomy, mastery, and purpose definitions as a means of diminishing the amount of procrastination among the employees (Pink, 2011). The idea, in Pink’s opinion, is to give the employees the freedom they need in order to complete the task but supervise their behavior insensibly. There is a point in this book concerning the reward prior to completion that is not convincing. It has always been a known fact that not all the members of the crew typically show the same level of commitment and devotion. The problem, in this case, lies in the fact that the workers’ inevitably will focus their attention on the reward achievement, not the goal. One thing that may be considered left out from Pink’s book is the extensive commentary on how to balance between the workers’ behavioral patterns and their motivation to achieve the goal. In other words, Pink’s explanations are short of the evidence of how to make every crew member happy with the least amount of effort. The “Drive” is useful because it provides the reader with a fresh point of view on the issues of properly motivating the employees. The book guides the reader through the types of rewards, their advantages and disadvantages, and the perfect time to use (or not to use) them. When it comes to the personal life, I believe that this book is a nice assistant. It teaches you how to treat people properly and explains the basic motives of one or another behavioral model. On a bigger scale, it seems like Pink’s book is suggesting to the reader to be a better person as there is no perfect “you’, and you should constantly work on how you behave and find different sources of motivation that you can use efficiently in order to get the job done. In relation to the working life, the “Drives” proves to be a great personal guide of interpersonal employee-employee and employee-employer relationships. It teaches you to set the priorities properly and helps you understand the motivation behind the manager’s behavior and particular doings. A proper interpretation of those by the workers is one of the main ingredients in the recipe of a perfect team. To my mind, this book helps me in reassessing my working values and finding new ways of motivating myself If we speak about the relationship between the culture and the book contents, it is evident that it brings novelty to the way United Arab Emirates government and people see employment. The reason for this is the uniqueness of the approach described in the book that indicates the possible UAE growth as it provides insight into the essentials of the efficient motivation. Summary The book gives the overall impression of an informative source that would be useful to workers just as much as it would be useful for managers. I would rate “The Drive” 10 out of 10, and my recommendation for the would-be readers is to assess the new ways to motivate themselves that are vividly presented by Daniel Pink. Reference Pink, D. (2011). Drive . New York, NI: Riverhead Books. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Globalization Challenges and Countermeasures Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Globalization and its impacts on the financial market have drawn a lot of attention over the past few years. Apparently, investing in the global market brings with it both rewards and challenges. It is faced with the issues, such as the need for developed market diversification and the exploration of the emerging markets. In order to effectively address these challenges, it is necessary to take preventive measures, such as the covariance and correlations for different investing styles and venture sectors (Evanoff, Hoelscher, & Kaufman, 2009, p. 72). Discussion Despite the likely risks involved, globalization has proved to have various potential benefits, as seen in many countries across the world. In this respect, it also brings several fresh challenges for policymakers. These difficulties occur in terms of management of financial globalization, so as to fully benefit from the generated opportunities while ensuring the reduction of the implied risks. This is an important factor for consideration, given the fact that the ever-increasing potential benefits of financial globalization are likely to grow over time. Increased level of globalization has also ensured deeper integration of nations leaving governments with limited policy instruments. Therefore, this calls for the need to establish first-class international financial cooperation (Evanoff, Hoelscher, & Kaufman, 2009, p. 183). Diversification is a financial practice through which organizations participate in a wide variety of asset investments with the aim of reducing risks. It depends on the absence of a tight positive relationship between the returns of the asset. It works smoothly if the correlations are close to zero or slightly positive. Due to globalization, several multinational companies have engaged themselves in the diversification of their businesses. In this regard, they have established a number of ways to protect themselves against risks in their host countries. Some of these threats include political turmoil, inflation, and low stock exchanges (Evanoff, Hoelscher, & Kaufman, 2009, p. 241). Diversification has ensured the expansion of remote areas by companies and multinational organizations, which, as a result, helps a lot in spreading the risks further. However, diversification is controlled by market forces and its needs, while its dissatisfaction and inability to meet the trade requirements are associated with the business and greatly affect the last. Most of the multinational companies have a huge asset base, and in order to protect themselves against the risks, they normally insure themselves. Some of them are too huge, actually bigger than most insurance companies (Evanoff, Hoelscher, & Kaufman, 2009, p. 279). Navigating political risks requires a multinational company to assess the information according to which the host country rates its sovereign debt. This is an assumption that is based on the pretext that a threat in a given sphere of business operation cannot make the whole business collapse. The use of financial markets is another method of protection against risks, which can be used by multinational companies to guard themselves. A good example of this point is the use of derivatives. This involves basing the security contracts on any of the eventualities that are likely to occur, together with seizing the profits or assets (Evanoff, Hoelscher, & Kaufman, 2009, p. 311). Conclusion Financial globalization should work for good because of the benefits associated with it. Besides reducing the financial volatility, it brings about financial liberation, which affects the financial systems are extremely positive. It is evidently reported that countries like South Korea and Indonesia, which have the opened economies, recorded considerable financial growth as compared to those states which borders are closed to the outside world. Therefore, all countries are encouraged to embrace financial globalization in order to benefit from the advantages that come with it and avoid economic slowdowns. Reference Evanoff, D. D., Hoelscher, D. S., & Kaufman, G. G. (2009). Globalization and systemic risk. Newcastle: World Scientific. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Spotlight on the Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan Essay Dr. Vivian Balakrishnan (55, born on 25 January 1961), the current Minister for Foreign Affairs of Singapore, was appointed for the position on 1 October 2015 (“The Ministry of Foreign Affairs”). Dr. Balakrishnan is responsible for developing and supporting Singapore’s diplomatic relations with countries from all over the world, and he also performs as the Minister of the Smart Nation Program. Dr. Balakrishnan received a degree in Medicine at the National University of Singapore, chose Ophthalmology as his specialization, and worked as the Medical Director of the Singapore National Eye Centre (“Dr. Vivian Balakrishnan”). Dr. Balakrishnan joined the Singapore Parliament in 2001, and later he was appointed as the Minister for the Environment and Water Resources. His other appointments also included the Second Minister for Information, Communications and the Arts, the Minister for Community Development, Youth, and Sports, and the Minister of State for National Development. Dr. Balakrishnan’s achievements while holding these positions include establishing the Centre for Climate Research Singapore and implementation plans for social workers and people with disabilities among others. As the Minister for Foreign Affair, Dr. Balakrishnan initiated introductory visits to Brunei, India, and Malaysia (October 2015), the Kingdom of Spain (November 2015), and Indonesia (January 2016) (“The Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Press Room”). In Indonesia, Dr. Balakrishnan discussed the issues of partnership and cooperation in the field of supporting entrepreneurs and talents in both countries (“Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan to Visit Indonesia”). Dr. Balakrishnan participated in the 21st Conference on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris on 7-10 December 2015 to negotiate the agreement on actions to address the global climate change (“Minister Dr Vivian Balakrishnan and Mr Masagos Zulkifli”). During the Conference, Dr. Balakrishnan also discussed the perspectives of the diplomatic relations with the U.S. Secretary Kerry. Dr. Balakrishnan participated in the FutureEverything Signals of Tomorrow Conference as the Minister-in-Charge of the Smart Nation Program (“Opening Speech by Dr Vivian Balakrishnan”). The power and position of the Minister are based on his experience in addressing environmental and climate issues, use of resources, and integration of information and communication technology into national and global projects. About Singapore’s foreign activities, the Minister is focused on developing global peaceful and secure relations, accentuating sovereignty, and promoting opportunities for Singaporeans. Works Cited Dr. Vivian Balakrishnan . 2015. Web. Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan to Visit Indonesia . 2016. Web. Minister Dr. Vivian Balakrishnan and Mr. Masagos Zulkifli to attend the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, France . 2015. Web. Opening Speech by Dr. Vivian Balakrishnan, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister-In-Charge of the Smart Nation Initiative at the FutureEverything Signals of Tomorrow Conference . 2015. Web. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs . 2016. Web. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Press Room . 2016. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Foremost, it is notable that Mercedes Benz has a relatively higher average score on reliability and safety compared to its rival, BMW. There is also comparison of safety attributes between BMW and Mercedes-Benz. Herein, the difference of the eventual score of safety multiplied by the belief strength of safety in this context is-0.575. Concurrently, the difference in their eventual scores for reliability multiplied by their belief strength (of reliability) remains -0.175. The general indication of these associations is clear that consumers in low involvement sections feel that BMW performs poorer than Mercedes-Benz in safety, a fact that is relative to reliability. It is notable that a considerable number of consumers would prefer Mercedes-Benz to BMW while considering safety issues. On the contrary, the correlation of the △ErBr and the △EsBs indicates that a given percentage of consumers would prefer BMW to Mercedes-Benz on reliability and viability grounds. According to this survey, there is a significant demonstration of the concerned association (from higher to lower values). Basic attitudes are tested, and it is recommendable to form a viable matrix, which relates to reliability, performance, quality, safety, and style. The highest BMW’s attribute is safe at 1.15 values. Conversely, the phenomenon is low at 0.4 values. It is also critical to note that BMW has the most significant or highest attitude strength valued at 2.8375 relative to its competitor’s Mercedes-Benz attitude strength of 2.0925. From the analysis, it is obvious that safety remains the most significant attribute which influences consumers within the low segment’s purchases decision. However, it is notable that, within the segment 2, consumers give high estimate to BMW. BMW’s entire BiEi of all attributes score remain higher than Mercedes-Benz. Thus, it can be seen that as long as the company, BMW, performs excellently in high involvement segment, there should be great focus on the low involvement consumers. Therefore, there is a specific need for the brand managers to intervene and pay a great deal of attention to the lower involvement segment consumers in order to increase the volume of sales. This indicates the viability of the concerned organizations in the realms of business and other considerable provisions. Apparently, within the high involvement segment, BMW already holds the whole market share and Mercedes-Benz lacks some competitive advantages. This explains the reason for choosing to adopt one marketing strategy for both segments. In the low involvement segment, BMW Company is considerably disadvantaged. BMW still remains inconvenienced even though its overall attitude score is higher. This is because its competitor, Mercedes Benz, enjoys a high average score on reliability as well as safety, unlike BMW. The overall depiction of correlation is that consumers in low involvement segment feel that BMW performs minimally compared to Mercedes-Benz. This is a considerable observation in the entire business contexts. However, the demerits experienced by BMW might also help them to establish and embrace numerous competitive advantages. This is because there is a greater chance for the BMW Company to increase its total amount of sales. Therefore, it is important for the brand manager to adjust marketing strategies focused on low involvement consumers. Evidently, the favor remains practical. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Human Rights Violations in Today’s World Essay The subject of human rights is a significant concern in today’s world because there are many cases of their violations and an open discussion on the topic of those rights’ limitations. This paper addresses several questions regarding human rights, including the United Nations’ involvement in enforcing those rights violations and the role of non-governmental organizations in addressing the issue. In addition, the paper contains the author’s thoughts on what an individual can do about human rights and related problems. The matter of human rights is crucial, and the United Nations’ governments, non-governmental organizations, and individuals can and should address that subject to make the world better. First of all, human rights should be a global concern because the entire human race must ensure the implication of human rights worldwide and avoid possible violations. According to Ting-Toomey and Chung (2012), respect for human rights is recognized as a universal value, along with democracy, open society, and equality. Moreover, the authors see a direct connection between those values and the governmental institutions (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012). Human rights are a part of fundamental human goodness, and they are intimately connected with democracy and authority (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012). Respecting human rights strengthens the government, whereas violating those rights weakens it (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012). Therefore, the United Nations are interested in ensuring that human rights are not violated within their scope of authority since the more human rights are respected, the stronger the government. However, everything described above is also why the nations often address human rights violations for their good and not as a sign of respect to universal human values. The primary purpose of human rights is to ensure world peace, and they should be implemented accordingly (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012). Nonetheless, sometimes a nation has to address human rights violations for the authorities’ excellent image and ensure that citizens respect the government and feel protected (Ting-Toomey & Chung, 2012). Although human rights are still defended in such cases, it would be more appropriate if the nations addressed violations to ensure the safety of human values and not for their benefit. Considering the role of non-governmental organizations in addressing human rights, those organizations can significantly influence human rights’ implementations on the local level. According to Ting-Toomey & Chung (2012), any organization should promote the betterment of humankind, which cannot be performed without adequately understanding human rights and evaluating them. Moreover, suppose most of the non-governmental organizations respect universal human values and promote them. In that case, it can positively impact the general attitude to human rights in a particular country or even in the world. When it comes to individuals, any person can contribute to human rights if they respect them personally and do not violate them. The previous sections of this paper describe the United Nations, the governments, and non-governmental organizations. However, all of them consist of people, meaning that any group, no matter how major it is, appreciates human rights if all individuals in that group appreciate them. The universal significance of human rights is why the United Nations, non-governmental organizations, and separate individuals should respect those rights to perfect the world. Although the United Nations want to ensure that human rights are not violated, they often do it to strengthen their governments’ images. That is why the world cannot entirely rely on the nation, meaning that non-governmental organizations and separate individuals should respect human rights and address them adequately. Reference Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. (2012). Understanding intercultural communication (2 nd ed.). OUP USA. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pitney Bowes Company’s Diversity Culture Case Study It is necessary to note that diversity and inclusion have been a part of the company’s culture throughout decades. It has also been one of its competitive advantages as the company managed to employ diverse workforce and create a positive image (Harvey & Allard, 2012). Notably, the company has also paid a lot of attention to training and development. Admittedly, in the times of the internal and external change it can be challenging for an organization to maintain such characteristic as diversity. Nonetheless, the company has managed to implement the change. Now the company is operating in 130 countries and it still maintains its core values. The company has adapted with the help of a number of strategies. First, the company has certain standards on diversity and monitors the rate of women and ethnic minority employees. Thus, 43% of employees are women, 43% are minorities, 31% of Board of Directors are minorities, and 23% of Board of Directors are women ( 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report , 2009). In recruitment, the company also collaborates with such organizations as the Black Engineers Associations and the Women Engineers ( 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report , 2009). Finally, the company launches a variety of training courses for its workers. Admittedly, these strategies help the company employ diverse workforce and create a favorable atmosphere in the workplace. The quotas utilized in the company ensure that diversity in the company is maintained. At the same time, the quotas are effective due to collaboration with external recruiting companies that provide qualified workers (and people committed to develop). Finally, the company trains the staff and ensures that employees are developing and are able to get promotion. Therefore, diversity in the level of top management is also secured. Bad Check Accusation It is possible to assume that store managers knew the GAF manager who used to take the cards pretty well and might have thought the new individual who came could have been a criminal who tried to receive certain products. Clearly, the store managers could not make any assumptions but had to provide the goods in accordance with the documents provided after they had the information from GAF. It is also quite possible that the human resources management (as well as corporate culture) is very poor and the employees in the store were sure that there is particular bias against black customers (Bell, 2012). This assumption can be based on poor treatment of black employees. Overall, the situation is a product of insufficient training of the staff and poor human resources management. To avoid similar incidents in the future, the store management has to pay specific attention to staff’s training especially when it comes to diversity. Minorities have to feel the company treats all customers and employees equally irrespective of their race, ethnicity, and gender and so on. Clearly, these values should not be only proclaimed. They should become of day-to-day operations in the store as well as in the entire company. It is also possible to include this case in the staff’s training and develop specific strategies for employees to utilize. Store managers have to act in accordance with rules set in the company. Verification procedure has to be more efficient and more rapid so that customers could have only pleasant experience in stores. At that, employees have to know peculiarities of procedures employed and should not approach customers and give any advice if they are unsure of what is actually happening as the managers who told Mr. Pitt about bias could be mistaken as well. Reference List 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report . (2009). Web. Bell, M.P. (2012). Diversity in Organizations . Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Harvey, C., & Allard, M.J. (2012). Understanding and managing diversity . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Data Collection of Major League Baseball Research Paper Data collection is a critical and sensitive aspect that requires some technical skills to allow for success in the process. It entails the practice of preparing and collecting information related to a certain point for different purposes, for instance, to carry out a specific project or to improve an already ongoing process. Data collection is intended to get relevant information that is used in making decisions and conclusions regarding a specific topic of study (Sekaran, 2003). This piece of work looks at the aspect of data collection with much emphasis being given to the possible issues and biases from the sampling data provided in the Major League Baseball Data Set assignment. From the Major League Baseball Data Set assignment, I will look at some data collection elements, for instance, the population from which the sample was obtained, the appropriateness of the sample size as well as the possible bias or error that could occur when sampling in terms of validity and reliability. Data collection ought to be very objective for there to be informative and relevant data. Objectivity is however undermined by the human nature of biases. Sampling is usually a good data collection method but only when used effectively. To achieve a high degree of objectiveness, the sample should be as representative of the total population as possible. Regarding this particular assignment, it is evident that the researcher followed an appropriate method that is systematic and hence has a high probability of yielding relevant data that could help in the determination of the salary that should be earned by players in the Major League Baseball team (Burns, 2000). The fact that the total population of the players in the Major League Baseball is relatively large made the researcher choose the sampling method to determine the salary that a player should earn. The population is appropriate because in getting what the players in Major League Baseball should earn as salary, it will help in the determination of an estimate of what a player in any team ought to make and the factors that determine the pay, for instance, the state’s involvement in the sport and the fans involved. Regarding the sample size, it is evident that it is fully representative. According to current statistics, the Major League Baseball has a total of about 30 teams each with an approximate figure of 25 players. The total players, therefore, add up to 750 players. Taking a sample of 380 players is therefore representative enough since it approximately 50.7% of the total population (Rader, 2008). In as much as objectivity would be aimed at in the research, there still could be possible chances of biases or error in the event of sampling and analyzing the collected data to come up with a conclusion. For instance, in the process of result examination, there could be some personal biases in the determination of the data that should be considered to be irrelevant and trimmed, and that to be retained. Some error could also occur in the comparison of information obtained from the different research variables. It is evident that the process of data collection should be handled with a lot of care since it determines the results or conclusion made regarding a certain issue. Reference List Burns, R. B. (2000). Introduction to Research Methods . London: Sage. Rader, G. B. (2008). Baseball: A History of America’s Game. 3 rd ed . USA: University of Illinois Press. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (4th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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