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Canberra Institute of Technology Training Hub Essay The need for everyday design, construction and application of sustainability aspects in all areas of engineering and environment urged the need for construction of a training hub. This hub would integrate theoretical and practical knowledge in achieving sustainability as a mainstream skill. The CIT training hub is a form of sustainable architecture built to provide practical skills for students. It was designed by Collard Clarke Jackson architects. It incorporates passive environmental technologies and up-and-coming technologies. Project engineers, architects, planners, landscape designers and clients developed and built a sustainable hub both, in terms of carbon dioxide emissions reduction and education. The use of recyclable materials such as bricks and steel reduced the construction costs of the building. The architects used several environmentally friendly and sustainable resources and materials in the design and building of the hub (CCJ Architects 4). These included: * Use of solar panels for power generation and solar water heating. The solar panels generate enough electricity to power the hub and export to the grid (Canberra Institute of Technology 8). * Use of micro turbines for collecting waste are primarily used for heating and cooling the building * Installation of grey and black waste water recycling plant * Use of dry spray cooling systems and geothermal heat rejection systems * Installation of light control and sensing devices for switching lights on and off after sensing movement During its construction, students participated by monitoring temperature, power production from the solar panels, power usage and water consumption (Canberra Institute of Technology 2). The construction of this hub helps demonstrate how easy it is to achieve sustainability through employing efficient methods and recycling resources. Figure 1: The use of solar panels for power generation Figure 2: The exterior view of the training hub Figure 3: Plant training room References Canberra Institute of Technology. New Training Hub Makes Sustainable Skills ‘the Norm.’ 2011. Web. CCJ Architects. “CIT Sustainable Skills Training Hub.” Collard Clarke Jackson Pty Ltd , 2012. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sounds in Spielberg’s “Memoirs of a Geisha” Film Essay 1. In the beginning scene, how does the sound of the train interact with the situation? The train is aligned with a departure from the old life. Yong Chiyo begins a journey into a different world. The train whistle is very deep and mysterious as the beginning of the path is unknown and much different from the present life. 1. What is the role of the sound of the falling rain in the movie? When Chiyo is wandering the streets or when she is shown standing in the rain, it reflects her inner emotions and pain. Here, the sound is aligned with tears and fear. 1. In the scene where Chiyo meets Chairman, what does the music playing in the background represent? Chiyo is very much lost at this point. She is not sure where life will take her, but the Chairman has given her hope. As such, the melody is significant of a new beginning which is wanted by the heroine. She embraces and anticipates her journey to become a geisha. 1. What is the role of drumming in the scene where Chiyo is being prepared to become a geisha? How is sound related to theoretical applications? The intensity and rhythm relate to the fast-paced environment of the preparation. The sound of drums is used in a variety of tempos which speeds up the emotions and expectance of the outcome. 1. In the scenes when Sayuri is shown to think what form of the character is perceived through the music? Often, the music is very melodic and stretched out. This creates an effect of sadness and emotional hesitation. The music is used to represent the inability to cope with the stressful environment and the rivalry of other geishas. 1. What effect does the interplay of sounds produce in the scene where Sayuri talks to the Chairman in the garden? The mix between the sounds of nature, the conversation, and music create harmony and add to the visuals of the garden. The sound represents the unity between several aspects of life and the surrounding environment. 1. In the scene where Sayuri becomes full geisha what does the intensity of the music/sound illustrate? Even if it was impossible to visually see the scene, it would be clear that Sayuri is very different from the person she was before. The music is screeching and intense, signifying the mix of emotions between anger, disappointment, and endurance in reaching a goal. 1. What is the relationship between sound and natural scenery, provide examples. The natural scenes are intermixed with calming music. It shows that nature is wise while people are insignificant comparing to the grandeur of the planet. When Sayuri walks to the cliffs, and visually the camera moves away from her, the music is meant to increase the distance even more. 1. What is the difference between the sound in the beginning and ending scenes? In the beginning, the unknown and dangerous world is emerging. A person is being warned about what’s to come. In the end, the melody is very optimistic and relieving. People have reached their goals, enduring hardships and limitations 1. How does sound accentuate space? It has been noted that space has some form of sound. A “fast moving” open space would be noisy and chaotic but sometimes, a vast area has quiet and minimal sounds. Smaller spaces are more lifeless and absent of sounds. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Operations Control and Entrepreneurial Activity Essay Innovation is important for any organization, however, within corporate entrepreneurship, it is often difficult to carry out them properly. Such business activity is directed at exploring new market domains (including creating new products or services) and thus, the process affects the structure of an organization. Therefore, Goodalea, Kuratkob, Hornsbyc, Covin (2014) identify “corporate antecedents” that have a direct influence on how innovative approaches and methods are applied in a specified setting (p. 16). Although such factors help combat the uncertainty a company may experience in some cases, they can obstruct new approaches being implemented as well. This paper aims to examine the research article on corporate entrepreneurship and determine ways in which the approach can be applied to Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA). The ability to change and adjust to current market conditions is vital for any company. The article by Goodalea et al. (2014), aims to explore the question of corporate activity as a determining factor of an organization’s success. The issue is in the fact that combing processes connected to innovational management (such as process control) can disrupt the traditional structure. The problem with corporate organizations is the prevalence of formalities, which often obstructs new ideas from being applied, and thus, such companies rarely change their structure, activities, or product portfolio. Corporate entrepreneurship is an approach that can leverage both aspects – compliance to rules and the striving for innovation. The primary questions of research are determining risk and process control approaches and their effect on a corporate organization’s innovation. In addition, the prior methods utilized by establishments are examined as well. Therefore, the research is exploring whether factors such as “management support, work discretion/autonomy, rewards/reinforcements, time availability, and organizational boundaries” can ensure better operational outcomes for an organization (Goodalea et al., 2016, p. 116). Goodalea et al. (2014), aim to analyze whether more liberal approaches to managing an organization can be utilized in large corporate establishments. In addition, the authors strive to identify the impact each component has on both operations and innovation. According to Goodalea et al. (2014), the study is exploring whether factors such as “management support, work discretion/autonomy, rewards/reinforcements, time availability, and organizational boundaries” can ensure better operational outcomes for an organization (p. 116). Therefore, the issues that they investigate are the ability to combine attributes of corporate culture (such as ensuring conformity, specific behavior, and work ethic, and others), and those of entrepreneurs who benefit from being involved in new developments. The research methodology that Goodalea et al. (2014) apply is an examination of operations conducted on 177 companies (from various industries) and the assessment of their performance parameters. For this task, the Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument was utilized. The indicators of performance and factors that contribute to operational success were collected and analyzed. Thus, the authors applied a sample size examination to conduct their study. The primary finding of the study concluded that only several of the identified factors impact an organization’s innovation activities. However, “each of the five antecedents significantly interacts with one or both of the operations control variables” (Goodalea et al., 2014, p. 116). Thus, every factor that was researched in the study can be utilized by a company to leverage its efficiency. Further studies on the topic should investigate specified methods that can be applied to use the approaches properly. Thus, Goodalea et al. (2014), have fulfilled the aim of the study and determined that entrepreneurship approaches that are appropriate in a corporate setting. Furthermore, those can contribute significantly to achieving the strategic goals of a company, which is essential. Therefore, executives can use the conclusions to adjust their management techniques, which will benefit their organizations through the ability to explore new market domains. The article is useful as the findings can be implemented into an organization’s management practices to ensure that the company can apply to develop. DEWA is an establishment, described as “Dubai Electricity and Water Authority” which has begun its operations in 1992 (“DEWA the Brand, n.d.). Because the company receives financial support from the government, it can be argued that the procedures within it are highly formalized. The issue can obstruct a possibility to explore new markets (such as solar or wind energy) and thus, bypass an opportunity to grow the business. A change in how DEWA approaches task assessment is required to promote innovation. Goodalea et al. (2014) identified the components that should be applied to DEWA’s people management techniques for enhancement of performance (within the domain of human resources). For instance, the authors stated that management support is crucial for employees as it provides them with additional confidence in their actions. Thus, training management on how to encourage the personnel, give them support, and help develop their creativity can help DEWA identify unexplored market opportunities. Additionally, autonomy among the staff members can be implemented to ensure that people can engage in projects more efficiently. Therefore, DEWA can use managerial support and worker autonomy to promote independent task completion. Overall, the article by Goodalea et al. (2014) provided an examination of corporate business structures. More specifically, the authors hypothesize that improving management techniques applied in formalized establishments can have a positive impact as it will establish corporate entrepreneurship. The result can be achieved by promoting independent work, providing employees with support from executives, implementing rewards, and illuminating boundaries. The research results confirm the claim; thus, DEWA can utilize the described methods in its strategic planning. References DEWA the brand. (n.d.). Web. Goodalea, J. C., Kuratkob, D. F., Hornsbyc, J. S., & Covin, J. G. (2014). Operations management and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating effect of operations control on the antecedents of corporate entrepreneurial activity about innovation performance . Journal of Operations Management, 29 (1–2), 116-127. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Key Learning from the Book: Chapters 13-22 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List 5. Footnotes Introduction The book “Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief” by John M. Frame can help Christians and believers understand the teachings of God. The author presents his mature thoughts as a seasoned theologian. The reader can use this book to understand why God has a good plan for every person on earth. The author addresses the challenges affecting different Christians across the globe. The ideas and thoughts in this book encourage human beings to become strong believers. This essay presents the lessons and insights gained from John Frame’s book. Key Learning from the Book: Chapters 13-22 Frame’s book begins by identifying the unique attributes of God. I have understood why God is righteous and holy. God has always done wonderful things in order to help his people. Every reader understands why God is love. The book also explains why God’s righteousness is immeasurable. Christians should follow God’s words and promises in order to see his kingdom 1 . The reader also understands why human beings should never take God’s wrath and hatred for granted. God expects every person to live in accordance with his commandments. Human beings should always be ready to worship God. I have understood why we should embrace these attributes. The practice will make it easier for us to see God’s kingdom. Evil and sin are common in our world. I have gained new insights about the nature of evil. Evil takes different forms in order to confuse God’s followers. Human beings will encounter evil in their lives. These ideas encourage believers to appreciate Frame’s book. Every believer should use this knowledge in order to have a righteous life. Some forms of evil can affect our beliefs and expectations from God. The chapter “The Problem of Evil” has equipped me with the best concepts and knowledge about the nature of evil 2 . According to this book, Christians should always be ready to serve their God. This approach will ensure every person sees God’s kingdom. The other important attribute is God’s knowledge. God knows every about our universe. God is aware of the past, the future, and the present. His Lordship is something outstanding in this world. Human beings have always ignored God’s teachings. Christians have never taken God’s knowledge and wisdom seriously. The reader should use this chapter in order to embrace the best ideas and practices. The approach will ensure every person benefits from God’s knowledge 3 . God can use this knowledge to guide or punish humankind. The book is a useful source of knowledge towards a religious life. The book goes further to analyze God’s will and power. I now understand what God can do. I also understand why God wants every person to be happy. God’s will is to rescue humankind and make him happy. God has always been faithful. God has always kept his promises. John Frame gives some of the best ideas towards understanding God’s expectations. I am looking forward to use this knowledge as a believer. Such insights will make it easier for me to realize my religious goals. According to the author, God is the Lord of all time. Christians should use the concept of futurism to embrace every good practice. The ideas obtained from this chapter encourage every Christian to work hard in order to see God’s kingdom 4 . The author also discusses new concepts such as futurism and process theology (PT). I will use these teachings to make the best decisions about my religious life. The author also explains how God has established his position in the universe. He created the universe and humankind. This explains why he has gained the best reputation. God’s glory is immeasurable and timeless. Christians should embrace these ideas whenever making their religious decisions. Christians should understand the position of God before committing themselves to him 5 . Such teachings have strengthened my beliefs as a Christian. I now understand why God will always be my redeemer. The book goes further to analyze the concept of the trinity. I have gained new memory verses (MVs) to use whenever reading the Holy Bible. Such verses explain why Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit form the Holy Trinity. I will always use this information to strengthen my religious faith. The Holy Trinity also plays a critical role towards forming the Lordship of God. The author has supported the above ideas and discussions using the best verses from the Holy Bible. Conclusion Christians should use this book in order to establish the best relationships with their God. The author uses the best biblical verses to support his arguments. I will use these concepts to establish a better relationship with my God. God has always supported his people. God has also kept his promises. God expects every human being to worship and respect him. Such ideas will play a major role towards supporting my spiritual knowledge and growth. Human beings should read these chapters in order to become better and responsible Christians. Reference List Frame, John. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief . New Jersey, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013. Footnotes 1 John Frame. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (New Jersey, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), 259. 2 John Frame. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (New Jersey, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), 292. 3 Frame, Systematic Theology, 324. 4 John Frame. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (New Jersey, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), 364. 5 Frame, Systematic Theology, 392. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Liberation of the Nazi Concentration Camps Research Paper Table of Contents 1. The Early Years: Suppression of Political Opposition 2. The War Years 3. Liberation and the Toll of Those for Whom It Came Too Late 4. Works Cited The Early Years: Suppression of Political Opposition The chain of Nazi concentration camps started the same year Adolf Hitler ascended to power as Chancellor of Germany, even before the annexation of Czechoslovakia and Austria. From 1933 onward, the Nazi regime’s Storm Troopers and local police had to establish camps in virtually all communities as they ran out of jail space to confine the multitudes of political opponents and “deviants” the government wanted out of the way. Beginning in 1936, these were concentrated into larger establishments under the control of the elite Schutzstaffel (SS) command (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d., para 1). By 1939, seven had been established: Sachsenhausen (1936, near Berlin), Buchenwald (1937, close to Weimar), Neuengamme (1938, around Hamburg, Flossenbuerg (1938), Mauthausen (1938, near Linz in Austria), and Ravensbruck (1939), the women’s camp. Most camp inmates were put to work in stone quarries, other extractive industries, and in SS-owned factories The War Years With the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the rest of Europe soon after, the opportunity came to establish new camps in the conquered territories. These were needed to house newly-designated “undesirables” such as Jews and Gypsies who could then be put to work in war materiel factories while being systematically starved to death. Resistance leaders apprehended by the Gestapo were also sent there for annihilation. And to cope with the large headcounts of those condemned to death, gas chambers were constructed in Mauthausen, Sachsenhausen, Auschwitz I, Treblinka, Dachau, Majdanek, Sobibor, Belzec, and Chelmo, mostly in occupied Poland (the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2009, para. 5; Florida Center for Instructional Technology 1). Liberation and the Toll of Those for Whom It Came Too Late Just before Christmas of 1944, the American Seventh and First French Armies pushed into Strasbourg and found the first of many horrors, the Natwiller-Struthof labor camp (Abzug 3-4). Originally established to put German political opponents to work the nearby granite quarries, Natwiller had by 1943 started to house Jews and Gypsies slated for extermination, as well as captured resistance fighters from nearby France, Holland, and Belgium. In addition, University of Strasburg scientists performed live experiments to test the effects of mustard gas, inoculation with typhus, and forced jaundice. For the thousands who had died here, rescue came 60 days too late because the SS had evacuated the camp right after the Battle of the Bulge. It was too late for the blight on America’s conscience because Abzug related, CBS had reported the Nazi intent to “wipe the Jews from the face of the earth” (p. 4) as early as 1940 before the United States and Germany declared war on each other. To the East, the story was even more horrifying. Soviet troops pushing German troops back through the Ukraine and Poland to the Vaterland of the “Greater German Reich” discovered Majdanek near Lublin, with all inmates already exterminated, in the late summer of 1944. In January of 1945, Soviet troops reached Auschwitz, the site of 48 camps near the southwest border of Poland and Czechoslovakia. By official estimates, 1.1 million Jews had perished here, as had 150,000 Poles, 23,000 gypsies, 15,000 Russian POWs, and tens of thousands more of different nationalities. They had died in the infamous gas chambers, dropped dead of exhaustion and starvation, lack of attention, horrifying executions, and medical experiments (Caplan 62, 88). Works Cited Abzug, Robert H. Inside the Vicious Heart: Americans and the Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps . New York: Oxford University Press. 1987. Caplan, Richelle B. (ed.) Our Memory of the Past and for the Future . Proceedings of an International Forum in Jerusalem, Israel. 2003. Florida Center for Instructional Technology. “Map of Nazi Camp System.” 2005. A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust, College of Education, University of South Florida . Web. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Holocaust Encyclopedia.” 2009. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Web. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Concentration Camps, 1939-1942.” n.d. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Conflicts and Disagreements Between Co-Workers Essay Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Analysis 4. Conclusion 5. References Executive Summary Disagreements between co-workers are a common scenario in the workplace. Thus, they should be addressed to promote healthy working relationships. Conflicts affect the emotions and result in a tense work environment where no meaningful discussions can be conducted. This affects the conflicting parties, as well as the team. Such an environment results in reduced job satisfaction since employee relationships are strained, and morale goes down. Consequently, this causes stress to employees and, eventually, lowers their productivity levels. Engaging in activities that bond employees together and encouraging them to understand each other is an excellent move to prevent conflicts. These activities include coaching, welfare activities, and team building. The management should be involved in staff activities as part of the team both at professional and personal levels. Management should show their faith in the employees’ power to resolve their differences even without intervention. Introduction Conflicts between workers have been experienced in many organizations. An example is a case in a local government office where an employee argued with a colleague. The employee was experiencing some personal problems and had been remorseful the whole week. Thus, the colleague abused her verbally, stating that she was always in a foul mood and that no one would smile at her miserable face. The offended employee was in tears and went to her line manager. However, she was shocked to realize that the manager was not interested in solving the case. This made her lose her respect for the manager, and she became no longer interested in her job (Donaldson, 2011). Employees who find themselves in conflict with their colleagues suffer from emotional distress. Also, they are often dissatisfied with their jobs (Doherty & Guyler, 2008). Analysis Distress in the workplace reduces the employees’ morale. The verbal attack that this employee got from her colleague demoralized her. Encouraging employees to work as a team reduces the chances of conflicts. The management should encourage staff welfare activities to prevent personal problems. This gives them an avenue to share and assist one another. Today, the world is experiencing fast, economic developments and there are many expectations from employees. Coping with work and family responsibilities can be a cause of distress (Lee, 2008). The management should facilitate the resolution of conflicts among employees (Khan, 2009). The issue of job satisfaction also comes up when the line manager ignored her report of abuse. She was also not satisfied with the job. In this case, she did not receive the support that she expected from her line manager. One can solve this issue by recognizing the worth of employees to the organization. Everyone needs a listening ear, which managers should offer their employees (Abbas, 2009). They should make employees understand by showing them that there is no good or bad person; people just disagree. Creating this attitude helps employees approach disagreement professionally. If managers listen to their employees, conflicts may not affect their job satisfaction. In this case, conflicts become part of the normal challenges expected in the job environment (Wall & Callister, 1995). Emotions influence the job environment. She broke into tears, and this affected her performance. Team building is also a good opportunity for employees to interact and learn from each other. It helps them to separate their professionalism from their personalities. The management should conduct employee coaching to ensure that incidences like the one, in this case, do not occur. Coaching entails highlighting the personality traits of the team members and encouraging employees to respect each other’s weaknesses (Carter, Byrnes & American Management Association, 2006). Conclusion The job environment brings people from diverse backgrounds with different personalities. One should approach conflicts like any other challenge expected in the job environment to promote peaceful relations among the employees. Listening, working as teams, and developing a culture where employees share and resolve their problems reduce conflicts. Coaching promotes understanding and enables employees to learn and respect one another. References Abbas, Q. (2009). The Impact of Work Life Conflict on Job Satisfactions of Employees in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management 4 (5), 63-83. Carter, G.L., Byrnes, J.F., & American Management Association. (2006). How to manage conflict in the organization. Watertown, MA?: American Management Association. Doherty, N., & Guyler, M. (2008). The essential guide to workplace mediation & conflict resolution: Rebuilding working relationships . London: Kogan Page. Donaldson, E. (2011). Preventing Stress in Organizations: How to develop Positive Managers . Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. Khan, M.A. (2009). Impact of Task Conflict on Employee’s Performance of Financial Institutions. European Journal of Scientific Research , 27 (4), 479-487. Lee, K. L. (2008). An Examination between the Relationships of Conflict Management Styles and Employee Satisfaction . International Journal of Business and Management, 3 (9), 11-25. Wall, J.A. & Callister, R.R. (1995). Conflict and its Management. Journal of Management , 21 (3), 515-558. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Physical changes 3. Adolescence 4. Conclusion 5. Bibliography Introduction Human beings are constantly changing individuals. Ever since their birth they evolve and develop as they pass through the different stages of life: infant, adolescence, adult, and aged. While a lot of these changes can be the result of chance and personal choices the true reason behind them is very different. It is believed that the biological and psychological factors are deeply ingrained into creating changes in human beings as they grow older (Mental Health). The development of humans falls into three categories: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial (Sigelman & Rider). Physical changes Physical changes occur in the child during the period of adolescence as they hit puberty. Starting at the age of eleven for girls and thirteen for boys, rapid physical changes occur in the individual. Hormone changes cause moodiness and restlessness in a child. A surge of growth and development may also cause the adolescent’s bodies to use up energy faster. This will increase their ability to get tired as they begin to require more sleep. The bodily changes induce menstrual cycles in girls and a deeper voice for boys. Both suffer from the growth of body hair. Thus, the adolescent body suffers from great and quick physical changes as it moves from childhood to teenage years. Adolescence Piaget refers to adolescence as the final stage in a human being’s growth. It is known as the formal operational period and is the fourth stage in the life of the individual (Santrock 2008). Starting from puberty, this stage is considered to continue as the individual turns into an adult. It is during this period that an individual begins to use logical thinking. In this stage, concrete experiences are viewed abstractly. Thus, the child now begins to examine the information available along with an application of a supposed hypothetical situation. The child now begins to use a trial and error method. A plan is devised to solve a problem and tested accordingly. Another change that develops in the cognitive sphere is the creation of the future. Adolescent now begins to fantasize about their future and what they wish to be. Coupled with this is a feeling of self-awareness. This makes the adolescent conscious of their self as they deal with social matters. It also instills a feeling of uniqueness and invincibility within the adolescent’s self. Adolescent suffers tremendous changes in their cognitive self as they mature from childhood to puberty. Social experiments show that a child is greatly influenced by their parent’s actions and attitudes in their behavior as they mature to adolescence. The effects of maturity bought on by puberty can affect the social process of individuals which in turn affects their adaptation to the rest of society (Magnusson 1997). Thus, biological maturity does not affect the values that are endorsed by an individual. Their socialization is according to the life they lead and the values that have been seen and taught to them as they grow older. Conclusion Thus, the stage of adolescence is viewed by many psychologists and theorists who have developed different theories of the different aspects the influence the behavior and ideas that are developed by the growing individual. Bibliography 1. Magnusson D (1997), The Lifespan Development of Individuals: Behavioral, Neurobiological, and Psychosocial Perspectives: A Synthesis, Cambridge University Press, p 286 2. Mental Health, Basic Information, Lifespan Development. 3. Santrock, J.W. (2008). A Topical Approach to Life Span Development, McGraw-Hill, New York, p 221-223 4. Sigelman C & Rider E (2008), Lifespan Human Development, Wadsworth Publishing, p 3 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Tobacco Use in Brockton, Massachusetts Presentation Tobacco Use in Brockton, Massachusetts * Tobacco use causes various health complications. * In the U.S., 400,000 people die annually from tobacco associated ailments. * More African-American men than White men are affected (Jones et al., 2010). * Healthy people 2020 intends to minimize these deaths by minimizing tobacco use. * Therefore, it is necessary to establish population-based approaches to minimize the use of tobacco among African-Americans. Statistics of Tobacco Use in Brockton * 18 % of total population comprises smokers. * 22.6% of smokers are males while 15.4% are females ( Smoking report for the Greater Brockton CHNA , n.d.). * White Non-Hispanics – 16%. * Black Non-Hispanics account for 31%. * 28% are high school graduates while 12.5% have college certificates. * Most tobacco-related deaths are caused by complications in the respiratory system. * Middle-level earners (25,000 to 49,999 dollars annually) – largest group of smokers. * Low-level earners (below 25,000 dollars annually) – the second largest group. * High income earners (above 50,000 dollars) – the smallest fraction of smokers (11%). * 25 to 44 years (19%); 45 to 64 years (18.2%). * Pregnant White Non-Hispanic women form the largest group with 161 smokers followed by Black Non-Hispanic with 33 and Hispanic with 15 smokers. Health Effects of Tobacco Use * Tobacco has over 4,000 chemicals e.g. nicotine, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, toluidine etc. * Tobacco causes various cancers e.g. lung, larynx and oral cancers (Lewis, 2008, p. 193). * Heart ailments, stroke, male and female reproductive illnesses, and complications of the lungs also arise. * Expectant mothers give birth to babies with low birth weight or may have miscarriages. Secondhand Smoke (SHS) and Smokeless Tobacco * SHS comes from the remnants of burning tobacco or smoke exhaled by a smoker. * SHS has more toxic components than inhaled smoke because it burns at high temperatures. * SHS causes more harm because of small fragments that stay in the air for long periods. * Smokeless tobacco includes hookah (shisha), and chewing tobacco. * Using smokeless tobacco is as harmful as smoking. Effects of SHS * SHS destroys blood vessels hence diminished coronary blood flow. * Aggravates the symptoms of asthma by narrowing the air passages. * Raises cancer of the lung risk by about 30 %. * SHS causes sudden infant death syndrome in children whose parents are smokers. * Leads to infections of the middle ear in children. Current Interventions on Tobacco Use * The government provides funds to help with smoking cessation. * Services offered include behavioral assistance, counseling, online sources and self-help resources (Sadler, 2012). * Information is conveyed through telephone conversations, in person or using focus group discussions. * Medications that help in quitting of smoking include bupropion, varenicline, and NRT (Sadler, 2012). Community Interventions * Implementation of smoking bans. * Enlightening the masses on the dangers of tobacco use and the availability of treatment programs. * Impeding the minors’ right to use tobacco. * Minimizing contact with secondhand smoke. * Establishing telephone support lines designed for smoking termination. * Undergoing brief counseling sessions at the local pharmacies. * Smokers ought to attend counseling sessions as groups as it yields high rates of success. * Creating public awareness on the availability of smoking cessation services. * Minimizing contact with secondhand smoke. Smoking Cessation Agencies in Brockton * Public health nurses and social workers counsel smokers and refer them to community-based organizations such as QuitWorks and MassHealth Tobacco Cessation Benefit. * The MassHealth Tobacco Cessation Benefit provides resources that facilitate smoking cessation. * QuitWorks has helped about 600 smokers between 2004 and 2009. * The program (QuitWorks) has helplines for assistance in smoking cessation. Nursing Interventions * Primary interventions are procedures that prevent disease occurrence e.g. nurses educate the masses on the dangers of tobacco use. * Secondary interventions include frequent screening for smoking-related illnesses and counseling smokers during hospitalization. * Tertiary interventions entail the management of the negative effects of tobacco use such as cardiovascular disease and lung ailments. Conclusion * Nurses ought to work in partnership with community-based organizations towards tobacco control endeavors. * In Brockton, women need to learn the dangers of smoking to prevent harming their children. * This will help realize the objective of healthy people 2020 of reducing deaths related to tobacco use. References Jones, P. R., Waters, C. M., Oka, R. K., & McGhee, E. M. (2010). Increasing community capacity to reduce tobacco related disparities in African American communities. Public Health Nursing, 27 (6), 552-560. Lewis, P. C. (2008). Tobacco: What is it and why do people continue to use it? Medsurg Nursing, 17 (3), 193-201. Sadler, E. (2012). Smoking, related diseases and the Government’s tobacco control strategy. Journal of Community Nursing, 26 (4), 26-28. Smoking report for the Greater Brockton CHNA . (n.d.). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Child and Adult Psychiatric Assessment Essay Interview and assessment methods for children may vary remarkably from the techniques implied towards the adults. First, practitioners should always keep in mind, that there are significant links between maternal prenatal distress and child behavioral and cognitive outcomes (O’Connor, Monk, & Fitelson, 2013). It means that before gathering the information about the child, therapists are to know if there had been any potential psychiatric risks for the child during pregnancy, such as mother’s depression, anxiety, or stress. Second, clinicians are to keep the emphasis on the child, as the patient in most cases is the primary source of information about his or her mental health. Self-report instruments, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, along with projective-expressive techniques, such as thematic approaches, drawing, and sentence completion tasks, are to be considered during the assessment (Whitcomb, 2013). Third, therapists would need to gather information about the child from the caregivers such as parents, teachers, family doctors, and schoolteachers. Gathering relevant background information about the cultural and religious aspects of a patient’s life is also crucial. For instance, a child reports that he or she turned vegetarian diet. While in most families this may be considered as a source of conflict with other family members, in most Hindu families, where parents are most likely vegetarians, such child’s decision may become a step to reconciliation with the family. Getting to know whether the patient is religious or not is also essential, as religion is one of the first resources people turn to when faced with an illness (Pargament & Lomax, 2013). The main thing I have learned from the session is that practitioners should always keep in mind the cultural and social aspects while gathering the information from children and their caregivers. As Whitcomb (2013) mentions, today’s “assessment practices have not gone far enough in promoting equity and utility across various ethnocultural groups” (p. 136). In the future, I will not only gather information about not only the child’s socio-cultural environment but also the background of the caregivers, as it may influence the overall psychiatric assessment considerably. References O’Connor, T., Monk, C., & Fitelson, E. (2013). Practitioner review: Maternal mood in pregnancy and child development – implications for child psychology and psychiatry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 55 (2), 99-111. Pargament, K., & Lomax, J. (2013). Understanding and addressing religion among people with mental illness. World Psychiatry , 12 (1), 26-32. Whitcomb, S. A. (2013). Behavioral, social, and emotional assessment of children and adolescents. New York, NY: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cost Reduction Plans in Estimating Total Production Costs Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction The article under analysis called Defense Acquisitions: Use of Cost Reduction Plans in Estimating F-22 Total Production Costs displays the F-22 Raptor Program on reducing the costs spent on aircraft manufacture. The author provides examples of involved initiatives on the part of the congressional estimation, Air Force projections, and those of the Office of the Secretary. All the sides of the debate reveal different budget figures planned to be introduced into the cost reduction plan. While negotiating the exact projections of the cost reduction rates, a variety of evaluation methods and influential factors have been introduced. Main body At the very beginning, Li (2000) mentions overall projections, as well as potential constraints, that the manufacturers might face while calculating the actual production costs. This is due to the critical situation in 1996 reflecting the significant cost increase influencing future projections. With this in mind, the Air Force’s further actions were directed at increasing the production costs by means of increasing the planned amounts. In this respect, the cost reduction plan could be implemented to defer the cost growth, but not to cut the prices. Because only half of the planned reductions were implemented, it was difficult to define whether future projections are justified. In addition, there are inconsistencies concerning the implemented objectives of the plan, and the external criteria influencing the planned accomplishment. In accordance with the report, the major focus of the cost reduction initiative relies on introducing advanced technologies, improved production techniques, and reconsidering acquisition standards to buy materials. At the same time, failure to consider the impact of cost reduction on the current price competitiveness could lead to unpredictable contingencies following by plan cancellation. Potential problems that a plan can meet, as presented in the report, can be connected to the governmental costs predictions. As it has been mentioned earlier, the difference in methods used by the offices had a major influence on planning production costs. At this point, mixed assumptions occurred regarding the influence of breaks on production, production rates, and historical data used to plan the expenditures. These differences made the Office of the Secretary provide evaluation higher than those provided by the Air Force. The main reason for the discrepancy lied in schedule considerations, cost estimation with regard to the production breaks, and reliance on the different technical characteristics to plan cost reduction. While comparing these preliminary estimations with congressional calculation, the difference in cost estimation amounted to 19 %, which was significant. In this respect, the calculations made by the Air Force were much more appropriate for the congressional costs since the difference is subtle. Judging from these considerations, the choice of an estimate should be associated with the cost limitations. Conclusion In conclusion, the article addresses the problem of estimating future cost reduction initiatives as represented by various bodies – the Air Force, the Office of the Secretary, and Congress. As it has been turned out, the highest predictions were provided by the Office of the Secretary which exceeds the predictions by Air Force and congressional calculations by 19 %. Therefore, the given report provides the relation between criteria for cost reduction plan and evaluation of existing cost limitations. All these frames are necessary to consider because they contribute to defining the real outcomes and making accurate conclusions. Much attention should be paid to production breaks, scheduling, and historical data. Reference Li, A. (2000). Defense Acquisitions: Use of Cost Reduction Plans in Estimating F-22 Total Production Costs: T-NSIAD-00-200. GAO Reports , 1-15. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main text 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The effective (or adequate) sample size has the same level of precision as a simple random sample, and its calculation helps ensure that research has sufficient power to reject the null hypothesis. In other words, the adequate sample size is the one that is required for an analysis to be valid. To calculate the effective size of a sample, one needs to conduct a statistical procedure that is called power analysis. It is commonly used to determine the appropriate sample size that is necessary to detect the effect of given research at the desired level of significance. Identification of the effective size of a sample will help the researcher avoid the error of the second kind and make a reasonable conclusion. Main text Power analysis can be performed using statistical software, such as ANOVA. To determine if the sample size was adequately calculated, one needs to analyze the feasibility of the confidence level, standard deviation, and the width of the confidence interval chosen by the researcher. These factors are crucial as they have a direct impact on the identification of the effect of an intervention (Ali & Bhaskar, 2016). Then, based on the characteristics of the variable (dichotomous or mean), one needs to recalculate the sample size and compare it with the one estimated by the researcher. However, the non-normal distribution of the sample may be a subject of concern as it restricts further manipulations with the sample. Bearing that in mind, one could consider conducting the transformation of data to obtain a normal distribution and enable the use of a two-sample t-test or a z-test. If the appropriate approximation cannot be achieved, one needs to use non-parametric tests, such as a Mann-Whitney U test. A chi-square test is a commonly used type of analysis for testing relationships between categorical variables. In such a case, the calculated chi-square coefficient and the critical value coefficient are compared. To analyze the research data using this method, two criteria should be met. The first one assumes that variables should be measured at the nominal level only. The second one requires that each variable should have two or more independent groups. It is possible to say that the scenario provided does not meet the first criteria as the researcher analyzed not only nominal but also ordinal data. The compliance with the second criteria cannot be discussed as no information is given about the number of independent groups of which each variable consists. It is worth mentioning that there are several limitations associated with this statistical method. In particular, there is a possibility of overestimating the importance of a finding, which is especially the case for large samples. Since chi-square analysis tests whether two variables are independent in a binary, it cannot be used to prove a hypothesis, yet it can refute one. That is why it is an appropriate level of statistical analysis to answer a research question that intends only to examine the relationship between two variables. However, it does not give insights into the degree of difference between the independent categories. Based on all the above-said, as well as assuming that the research question of a descriptive quantitative study is aimed at measuring a variable, a chi-square analysis is not a reliable tool to use. If the p-level is less than the significance level, the null hypothesis should be rejected. If the researcher accepted the null hypothesis, he or she should have used chi-square analysis to determine this. However, it has been stated that this method is not recommended for usage in descriptive quantitative studies (Moore, Notz, & Fligner, 2015). It is thus possible that when examining the study, the null hypothesis may be accepted. This can happen if one discovers that a p-value is larger than the significance level. In such a case, it can be assumed that a type I error takes place as the true null hypothesis was rejected by the researcher. This means that there is no relationship between the two variables that have been studied. Studies with the error of the first kind are not recommended for consideration in evidence translation for a particular reason which will be discussed below. Conclusion Considering all the findings regarding the effective sample size, appropriateness of chi-square analysis that was performed to answer the research question, and the conclusion regarding the null hypothesis, one could state that this evidence cannot be used to inform practice change. Firstly, the effective size of the sample could be higher to ensure that the data is normally distributed. Secondly, a chi-square analysis cannot be used to analyze ordinal and nominal data, and it is not the best option to answer the research question. Thirdly, the error of the first kind implies that when relying on the findings of the research, the desired outcome will not occur as no connection between variables exists. Therefore, the evidence from this research is highly unreliable, and its conclusion cannot be further used for the implementation of a practice change. References 1. Ali, Z., & Bhaskar, S. (2016). Basic statistical tools in research and data analysis. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 60 (9), 662-669. 2. Moore, D. S., Notz, W. I., & Fligner, M. A. (2015). The basic practice of statistics (7th ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman & Company. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Directors of The Procter & Gamble Company Essay The Board of Directors of The Procter & Gamble Company Procter and Gamble are one of the best performing corporations on the globe. The company has enjoyed transformative leadership. The constitution of the board of directors has played a significant role in its performance (P&G 2012). Generally, the company has shown a remarkable level of performance over a long period. It is critical to review the role of the board of directors. Apart from this, it is vital to analyze the composition and contribution of the directors. The board has an oversight obligation to monitor the affairs of the company. The board operates under the guidance of definite protocols and regulations set up both at the federal and state level. One of the most critical roles in the exercise of fiduciary responsibilities. The board safeguards the interests of the shareholders. Ideally, they commit to enhancing an excellent mechanism of corporate governance. The policies and routine practices of the board portray a high level of commitment. Evidently, this ought to be the basic focus of most corporations. Particularly, this is appropriate within the current globally competitive era. The board offers the management crucial information regarding routine quality management practices. It is in charge of periodic meetings and critical site visits (Smith 20). Additionally, it also conducts important interactions geared towards quality improvement. Notably, the board engages in strategic planning for the company. There are also leadership development initiatives, succession planning, and quality control. The board acts as an oversight in the management of risks. To achieve these noble objectives, the board is organized into committees. There are corporate governance frameworks that play a significant role in the benchmarking of the board’s activities. The Name, Age, Time in Office, and what Important Event, Decision they Did Many members of the board of directors have served Procter and Gamble Company. The directors have provided unique contributions and played critical roles in the development of the company. Angela F. Braly is aged 51 and has been a director since 2009. The director has contributed immensely towards the development of transparency systems in the company. She has shared her quality experience from the WellPoint and Blue Cross Blue Shield (P&G 2012). Moreover, Ms. Braly has contributed to the development of an effective company’s relationship with the government. Kenneth I. Chenault is aged 61. He has served the company since 2008. He has brought into Procter & Gamble, (P&G), a wealth of leadership as well as financial experience. The director has played a critical role in transforming P&G’s marketing capacity. Scott D. Cook is aged 60. David has been in the office since 2000 and has contributed significantly to enhancing technological applications and innovation. Susan Desmond-Hellmann is aged 55. She has been in the office since 2010. Her lifelong service within the financial and economic sector has enabled her to transfer critical economic knowledge to the company (P&G 2012). Having served in office from 2009, Robert A. McDonald is aged 59 and contributes a lot to the board. He has extensive experience and brings expert advice on leadership, client industry, and marketing. W. James McNerney, Jr. has been a director since 2003. At an age of 63, he has contributed to elevating the company’s global manufacturing base. He has also been able to advise the company on strategic concerns. Johnathan A. Rodgers is aged 66 and has been in office since 2001. He has managed to contribute positively towards integrating the company with the general media through enhanced advertising and product promotion. Margaret C. Whitman is also aged 56 and has been in office since 2011 (P&G 2012). She also brings into the company crucial consumer and marketing knowledge and experience. Mary Agnes Wilderotter is aged 57. She has served since 2009. Some of her important contributions include leadership experience, technology, and strategic marketing. At an age of 59, Patricia A. Woertz is a long-serving director since 2008. She has contributed to international marketing, public relations, finance, and technological innovation. Ernesto Zedillo is another director since 2001. At an age of 60, he has played a significant role in technological development and innovation in the company. Influential Directors and Evaluation of the Influence of their Decisions P&G has had several directors in the past. However, few of them have remained remarkable due to their positive and transformative contribution to the company. An example of such is the director of “Consumer Research & Communication,” Mr. Paul Smith (Smith 41). Smith has made critical decisions that have enhanced the performance of the company in the past. According to him, failure only works whenever it transforms humankind forever. After making a doubted presentation, Smith conducted a personal quest in which he discovered the significance of dialogue in sharing brilliant ideas. He advanced the concept of “storytelling” in a business presentation. This idea has escalated the individual and overall performance of the company. From his observations, he reiterated the significance of context, action, and result in business. References P&G. The Procter & Gamble Company. Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement . 2012. Web. Smith, Paul. Lead with a Story: A Guide to Crafting Business Narratives That Captivate, Convince, and Inspire . New York, NY: American Management Association, 2012. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Libraries as Quality Sources of Information Essay The significance that was once accorded to libraries is seemingly dwindling away as budgets for libraries are heavily slashed (Block par. 1-5). The state libraries are worst hit, and some are even facing closure, or have already been closed. The internet has apparently become the hub for information and in a very efficient manner. However, most of this information that is available online is not credible, and libraries are a means to accessing objective and academically valued information. Ignoring the essence of libraries means that no access to reliable information. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the positive contribution that libraries make in day to day life by enhancing people’s intellectuality; hence, libraries should not be eliminated or given little importance. Libraries remain to be imperative repositories despite the fact that the internet is rich with information because most of the credible academic sources require purchasing. In the harsh economic times, it would be better to visit a library instead of buying every book one needs. The libraries are ignored, yet it is because of them that academicians and researchers are able to gain access to databases, which an individual cannot maintain due to the high costs incurred. Thanks to the libraries, these databases can be accessed by individuals at no cost. Libraries sort out information with the help of qualified staffs, who have specially trained in managing books in the library (“Are librarians totally obsolete” par. 21-23). University libraries, even though attention to them has been reduced by the overwhelming use of the internet, are able to escape elimination since their maintenance is from the students’ fees. It is important, however, to note that visiting the library does not literally mean walking over to a library, especially since most libraries have digitalized their collection. It has become easier and convenient to access the library from wherever one maybe due to technology. Despite the fact that this paper heavily relies on internet sources, the importance of libraries cannot be surpassed by this action because some sources of information can only be accessed with the intervention of the library (Cook, and Heath 563-564). Information is power, and this power can only be attained by getting access to insightful literature that is academically approved. The internet is filled with insight, but much of this insight is based on an individual’s idea that may require evaluation. In the academic, research and professional worlds, it is peer-reviewed and published work that is given importance. The Wikipedia, for example, is a readily available internet source that is not accepted in the academic field. The state should understand that every individual needs access to credible information that can only be found in the libraries, at times. If this repository continues to face such neglect, then a majority of the people will be blocked out from up-to-date research; hence, less development in the society (“The role of libraries in modern society” par. 5-6). In a bid to get access to quality sources of information, libraries remain the main avenue for such a cause. The internet might seem as a more convenient alternative, but one should not forget that the same internet is a home to a lot of subjective information on blogs and personal websites, and, actually, these may not be academically approved. States should revisit their policies for libraries, and come up with ways of reinstating and maintaining them because no matter what, libraries have a major role to play in dissemination of knowledge from one individual or generation to another. Works Cited “Are librarians totally obsolete?” College Online , 2014. Web. Block, Marylaine. “A predictable funding disaster.” Ex Libris , 2002. Web. Cook, Colleen, and Fred M. Heath. “Users’ perceptions of library service quality: A libQUAL + qualitative study.” Library Trends 49.4 (2001): 548-584. “The role of libraries in modern society.” Technology Times , 2014. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American Institute of Certified Public Accountant’s Code of Conduct Essay Introduction Accountants are the secret keepers of the business world. They are the people who know the real status of a company whether fledgling or established. As such, they have actual knowledge pertaining to the longevity of a company or an individual’s clients financial life. Such information, when placed in the wrong hands and somehow leaked out, could lead to many worst case scenarios for the company. Situations such as stock holder panic, investor withdrawal, and even, company closure. Certified Public Accountants are held to a high standard of ethics and principles which are not to be taken lightly. Main Body As the accountant for MicroTech Software Company, Tom Brown had access to all the financial reports of the company which he chose to use for personal gain by seeking another position with a competitor company upon learning that MTS had a shaky financial situation. Nobody can fault him for looking for another job if he felt that his current one was in danger of being terminated due to the company’s financial difficulties. However, he should have done so within set parameters of the Accountant Code of Ethics as set by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Clearly he had not violated any ethical standards by applying at the competitor’s office. However, he began violating the code of ethics the minute he divulged his client roster and reasons for leaving them during his job interview. In a clear violation of ET Section 301.01, which became effective as of February 28, 1990, Mr. Brown divulged what can be perceived to be privileged and confidential client information to a competitor without the consent of his client. During his job interview, he was asked his reasons for leaving his current employer. In response, he inadvertently disclosed privileged client – accountant information. Thus violating Ethical Code Section 301.01 which specifically indicates that: A member in public practice shall not disclose any confidential client information without the specific consent of the client. Although the code of ethics do not forbid Mr. Brown from mentioning his client roster to competitor companies during job applications, he should have done so with discretion. This is because there are certain instances when the revealing of a client roster or specific client name, could result in releasing confidential client information such as what happened in the case of Mr. Brown. Such revelations could be misconstrued as a direct reflection of the company’s current financial standing. Mr. Brown may not have thought that he was violating any ethical codes by disclosing his true reasons for want to leave MicroTech Software Company. But in reality, he violated one of the most important edicts of accounting and could be brought up on charges by his current employer for that violation. The company could opt to file an Ethics Complaint with the AICPA regarding the violation and request for inquiry proceedings do be done with proper sanctions taken afterwards. Such disciplinary actions, as prescribed by the type of violation could cover any of the following according to the AICPA website: In the end, the lapse in judgement of Mr. Brown could end up in costly litigation and financial loss on his part. All because he chose to be honest during a job interview when what he should have been doing was protecting his client’s privileged financial information instead. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Kakao Brand Advertising Project Report (Assessment) Messages The key message to send to the target audience is “Buy our products as they are healthy and made with great care and love.” To deliver this message, I will use two different creative techniques. For Grand Opening, I will use the participation ad, and later, I will employ the dramatization of a benefit. Participation ad may be conducted in the form of filling in the blanks on the Grand Opening day. It will be effective because it will involve the visitors to express their opinions on the Kakao brand and its products. Also, customers will be able to talk about their expectations and give suggestions. A dramatization of a benefit is another effective technique that allows the brand to promote the best advantages of its products: being hand-made and being natural. Schedule Since the location of a new Kakao store is Four Seasons Resort, it is a good idea to plan its opening in summer. New visitors will come, and they will be able to taste and buy the products suggested by the Kakao brand. I think that June is the best option since vacations begin as early as this month, and I do not want to lose a single customer. Thus, the store should be opened in the first summer month. The advertising activities should start a few months earlier. Such tactics will make it possible to let potential customers know about the future opening and encourage them to visit the store once it is opened and they come for their vacation. Local people will also have more time and opportunity to visit the store in summer. Therefore, June is the best choice for the Grand Opening. The biggest part of the budget will be spent in the pre-opening months, and it will be invested in advertising. Adverts on TV, in magazines, and on Facebook will be the first signals of a new store opening. It is essential to organize promotional activities in the most effective way. The money spent on ads should not be wasted. Advertisements should play an excellent informative role and persuade people to buy Kakao chocolate and come to the Grand Opening of the new store in June. April May June July Advertising activities XXX XX Kakao Store Grand Opening activities XXX Easter promotion XXX Mother’s Day promotion XXX Promotional activities advertised via Facebook XXX XXX XXX XXX Heavy schedule – XXX Medium schedule – XX Light schedule – X Evaluation To assess the project’s success, a variety of activities can be employed. First of all, it is necessary to check customers’ interest in the advertisement material. While it is difficult to trace how many people watched a TV advert or saw a magazine ad, it is quite easy to analyze how many people got interested in online promotional activities advertised via Facebook. Viewers either “like” a post or repost it to their page, and such reaction can be seen by the company. The more people react to promotional activities, the more successful a project will be considered. In this way, the incorporated tactics (adverts and Facebook activities) will be assessed, and the probability of their use in the future will be evaluated. The best way to obtain feedback from the customers is via the internet. The company may ask people to leave their comments on the Facebook page or Kakao brand’s website. Also, customers may send emails telling what they like or dislike about the products. Finally, a special box can be put in the store where people would drop notes with their feedback. The major aims of the project were creating awareness of the new store, increasing people’s knowledge about the Kakao brand, and motivating customers to attend the promotional events and buy Kakao chocolate. I daresay that the objectives were fully accomplished. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Virtual Teams and Their Effect on the Workplace Essay Human resources management has undergone some drastic changes in terms of team communication and cooperation. A few years ago, face-to-face interaction in a team was regarded as the most effective and productive way. Nowadays, however, with the ongoing development of globalization, virtual teams have become a widespread means of communication worldwide. The progress in technology development has also led to a greater possibility of virtual team management. The purpose of this paper is to define the critical points of the general shift to the virtual team management as well as to find out its impact on the workplace. The latest achievements in the sphere of technology give managers a lot of opportunities on how to manage various types of project teams. Previously, finding team members, who are at least co-located geographically, was of crucial importance. Today, it is the quality and flexibility that outweigh other factors. Most teams dedicated to a project are nowadays distributed across the globe, and the views on such type of cooperation differ significantly. While some claim this approach to be beneficial because of its flexibility, others think that the spirit of collaborative work is completely lost due to the absence of face-to-face communication between team members. The supporters of the latter opinion are also afraid that geographical distribution has a negative impact on the workplace and quality in general. Like every system of cooperation inside the project, virtual teams have their benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, such groups are very flexible because they have to establish an agile framework due to the constant risk and lack of stability. The other positive aspect of virtual teams is the high probability of finding the right vendor because, quite often, professionals that are located nearby are already involved in a lot of projects. On the other hand, however, the negative aspects of virtual teams are as evident as the positive ones. First of all, creating a team distributed geographically is a considerable responsibility for a manager. Managers in these situations serve as binders between all the members, so they have to establish both formal and informal channels of communication properly. Secondly, the general atmosphere in a team should be equally appropriate for everyone, regardless of cultures or time zones. As it was mentioned above, the central part of responsibility regarding communication in a virtual team depends on the project manager or any team leader. First of all, to train employees on how to adapt to new software or communication channel, the manager should get expertise in it as well. Secondly, leaders have to realize that the virtual teams differ significantly from the co-located ones, and hence, the follow-up of the workers should be explicit and frequent. The beginning of the project is crucial for the general workflow because team members can naturally have a lot of questions concerning team and work structure, and a manager cannot leave them unanswered. Last but not least, team leaders should realize that the most crucial drawback of virtual cooperation – the absence of face-to-face meetings – should be replaced by other types of communication. Even the most prolific team can fail due to not being on the same wavelength with each other and the management. Conclusion The general shift to virtual communication between workers has become a significant achievement in the management sphere. Being a revolutionary cooperation framework, the virtual team structure still causes a lot of misunderstandings concerning its correct usage. However complex the system may seem, there are a lot of communication channels and even Intranets nowadays that allow managers to establish a bond between employees all over the world. Furthermore, the global concern on how to create proper information flow inside the virtual team has also helped improve team communication even in co-located structures. So, while still having some drawbacks, virtual teams should not influence the general workplace and quality when used wisely. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Psychology” by David Myers Essay Table of Contents 1. Chapter 1 2. Chapter 2 3. Chapter 3 4. Works Cited Chapter 1 In Myers ‘Psychology’, the chapter on ‘critical thinking with psychological science’ deals with the history and science of psychology. History of psychology identifies the evolution of psychological concepts across different groups of people, classified under age, gender and cross-cultural characteristics. Some of the historical psychological concepts placed an emphasis on intuition and common sense, an approach that influenced biasness and a limit on the scope of psychology. This historical approach failed to re-define the process of reasoning, leading to application of untested theories. The chapter also addresses the scientific method that has been incorporated into psychology to promote behavioural change and define human characteristics. Under this approach, emphasis has been placed on the existence of a scientific theory, which must be tested under its predictions and hypothesis in order to prove its effectiveness. Survey is identified as one of the most effective scientific methods. This is because it derives different experiences, analyses each of the concepts generated in order to generate a credible conclusion (Myers Psychology 19). Similarly, observations and revisiting actual experiences like the 9/11 and Iraq War, helps in establishing an unbiased interpretation of the concepts being investigated. Chapter 2 One of the ideas presented in this chapter is brain functioning and memory. The chapter illustrates the complexity of the brain cells. Using an example, it also explains how a brain tumour affects an individual’s sexual behaviour. The author explains how brain functions are localised to promote communication across the cellular structures, and with other systems within the central nervous system. The research demonstrates the issue of brain size across different organisms as well as the associated reflex speed. The brain therefore engages with other human organs to promote coordination and response to stimuli (Myers Psychology 67). The brain produces different hormones from its different regions to promote communication and influence behavioural change. The research has also addressed cognitive development as one of its topics under the field of ‘biology of mind’. Through brain simulations, the author has identified ways through which behaviours and responses are changed. Hormonal variations in the brain have also been associated with physical and social changes, with individuals being forced to act differently according to the levels of specific hormones such as dopamine. The brain is responsible for memory development, one of the fundamental aspects in cognitive development. Simulations in the brain, which detects movements and feelings, are responsible for promoting self-awareness. The author has also addressed cognitive prosthetics, at which computer interfaces are compared to the brain functions. Chapter 3 The chapter deals mainly with consciousness and duality. Conciseness is a condition of self-realisation, actualisation and being in control of most body functions. The research demonstrates about sleep theories and how dreams engage the consciousness and the unconsciousness. Sleep theories explain the effects of sleep durations to associated brain functions. The research identifies effects of addiction and the psychological aspects promoting this behaviour. Awareness is identified as being influenced by brain functions, which eventually promote consciousness. Within the brain functions, an individual conceptualises the visible objects and becomes aware of situations within which the body is exposed to (Myers Psychology 139). Dual processing is identified as the process under which the brain is subjected to different stimuli, creating a challenge on which activity to prioritise. Driving while making a call is one example of dual processing, where the brain is tasked with the challenge of driving reflexes and interpreting the conversation. Within this concept, the research differentiates choice blindness and inattention blindness, the former being controlled by the brain and the latter being influenced by multitasking. Humans have the choice to change their behaviour, characters and feelings, depending on the stimuli arriving to the brain. Works Cited Myers, David. Psychology . 10 th ed. 2010. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
They cause fatalities, property and crop damage, destruction of public infrastructure across the country. While the federal government has been actively trying to reduce the scope of the problem for years, in the past decades, economic losses from floods have been growing (Li & Landry, 2018). Therefore, new strategies are required to adequately evaluate and eliminate the factors which contribute to the issue at the local level. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and its Community Rating System (CRS) play an essential role in flood management. The program is designed to support community-based hazard mitigation efforts, which often do not receive sufficient funding from local governments (Li & Landry, 2018). Regular updates to flood zone plans and regulations for construction issued by NFIP are vital to reduce the risks. Moreover, NFIP policies are designed to ensure household owners in the natural risk zones do not have to deal with high insurance costs (Li & Landry, 2018). Overall, in the past years, NFIP initiatives helped to reduce the hazard risks and losses significantly. However, the critics of the program note that NFIP has certain shortcomings. Qiang (2019) notes that many local flood maps are outdated. Moreover, the regulations often ignore the factors which can affect the flood preparedness of the communities. For instance, elderly populations and economically disadvantaged people represent the risk groups due to their limited mobility or poor housing quality (Qiang, 2019). The researchers believe that socioeconomic factors should play an important role in theevaluation of risks (Qiang, 2019). Hence, hazard prevention policies targeting the most vulnerable groups are required to reduce the losses from floods in specific communities. References Li, J., & Landry, C. E. (2018). Flood risk, local hazard mitigation, and the Community Rating System of the National Flood Insurance Program . Land Economics, 94 (2), 175-198. Web. Qiang, Y. (2019). Disparities of population exposed to flood hazards in the United States . Journal of Environmental Management, 15, 295-304. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
‘Obama’s Deal’ Documentary Analysis Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Surprising aspects 3. Disappointing aspects 4. Pleasing Aspects 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Health care in the United States has been on the fore front of reforms for many decades in the past. It has, in most cases, been highlighted during major political times and a number of changes made over the time period. In his presidential campaign, President Barrack Obama made a promise to ensure a comprehensive reform in the health care sector which was signed in the year 2010. This paper seeks to discuss the documentary, ‘Obama’s ordeal’. The paper will look into the content of the documentary to identify aspects which are surprising, disappointing and those that are pleasing. Surprising aspects The end of the presidential race that saw President Barrack Obama into the white house portrayed him as a populist and left him admired among people, not only in the United States but across the globe. Having been one of the president’s campaign promises, the health care reform was expected to be one of his popular initiatives that would be widely accepted and received by both the American people and its leaders. The majority democrats would for example be expected to push for the plans of their leaders in the congress as had been the normal political battles in the house. A surprise was however to be realized as the process of passing and enacting the reforms took a twist and is seen to have been done against the will of the American people. Bitter exchanges are reported to have been raised in the process of developments of the reforms with accusations of closed door deals that were meant to help in paving the way for the president’s will. A lot of money was spent in just making deals with stake holders such as leading pharmacists among other stake holders. After the struggle which was won by the president following the singing of the health reform, a surprise in the support that the president and his party had enjoyed was realized to have faded from American people. It looked like people never understood what the president had meant by comprehensive health reforms during the campaigns. The whole story weakened the president’s popularity and that of his party to even cost democrats a congress seat during an election (BPS, 2010). Disappointing aspects The whole story about the health reform bill was a disappointment to most Americans. Whether to normal citizens or the political class, there were feelings of betrayals that were felt. The first disappointment as felt was with respect to those that were close to the president, who felt that the whole bill was unpopular and yet were not listened to. Many of the president’s advisers for example were opposed to the campaigns for the bill but were ignored by the president. The major close group that felt the disappointment was the democrat community that suffered from popularity setback. The entire American society, especially the ones who voted for the president also felt the disappointment (BPS, 2010). Pleasing Aspects Though the process of passing the bill was marked with a lot of controversies, there were a number of reasons to rejoice about the bill. The bill has a number of benefits that includes the provision of health security in the country (MacAskill & Clarke, 2010). Conclusion The path to the passage of the health reform bill was marked with extensive controversy that was historic in the United States. Though it caused conflicts, surprises and even disappointments, the bill had a promise that brought relief to some Americans in terms of health security. References BPS. (2010). Obama launches his health reform drive . Web. MacAskill, E & Clarke, A. (2010). Triumphant Obama takes health care reforms on the road . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Whorf’s Hypothesis on Linguistic Identification Essay In the world, there exist many languages spoken by people according to their culture, place of origin, or other interests. Words used in one language may be used in another to mean something different. Some languages also do not have specific names for certain things, unlike others such that one may require using multiple words to describe it. For instance, in the Asian language, an aunt is used to mean one’s father’s sister who is not married this may vary in other languages (Neuliep 3). In addition, some languages may insist on the importance of one aspect while others do not. Hence, I am well convinced that linguist differences may have an impact on a person’s perceptions of the world but not their actions. The language one speaks a significant influence on the manner in which one perceives reality and their view of the world. Taking into consideration of English, Spanish, and French, gender recognition in a speech is different. For instance, in Spanish and French, one is required to acknowledge the gender of the person they are referencing in their speech. However, in English, one could simply avoid using “he” or “she” if they do not want to disclose the gender of the referee (Regier et al., 1440). In this example, the mention of gender is essential to Spanish and French speakers but can be foregone in English. Many researchers have studied Whorf’s hypothesis and found it to be true. This theory holds that linguistic identification is an essential factor in shaping one’s cognition process, actions, and perceptions. Theories concerned with linguistic differentiation were first studied by Edward Sapir, followed by his student Benjamin Whorf (Neuliep, 2). Whorf further divides the theory into two, linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic relativity emphasizes that the language one speaks influences their view of the world, while linguistic determinism argues that language is significant in one’s thinking, interpretation, judgment, and actions. Although I agree with the first part of Whorf’s argument, I tend to disagree with linguistic determinism. If a language does not have a specific word to describe an aspect, people belonging to the lingual group may have a challenge understanding it more than those with specific words. Some scientists performed a study to prove this point by asking children to identify different shades of color. It was easier for children from languages with specific words for the colors to identify them (Regier et al., 1440). However, even if people do not have a partial word for something, they can understand it if they are elaborated. Cognitive processing, such as thinking, judging, interpreting, and reacting to something, is not controlled by one’s language as stated by Whorf in linguistic determinism. Without a doubt, there are many languages in the world that provide a sense of belonging to different communities. Linguistic differences may form a basis for the formation of diverse perceptions about the world. Some languages may have similar words but have different meanings. In addition, a language may have a specific word for something while others lack it. Languages such as Spanish and French emphasize gender when talking about someone, while this can be ignored in English. Language impacts the manner in which a person perceives the world around them. However, linguistic differences cannot be based on an emphasis on the difference in cognitive processes. Despite having a challenge grasping words and concepts not considered in their primary language, one can understand if it is elaborated. Works Cited Neuliep, James W. “Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis.” The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication , 2017, pp. 1-5. Web. Regier, Terry, and Yang Xu. “The Sapir‐Whorf hypothesis and inference under uncertainty.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science vol.8, no.6, 2017, e1440. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Human Systems. Technology as a Human Right Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Vital human rights with modern basic technology 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction It has been said before that cheap labor carries hidden costs, Tech Human Rights Art 2008, 7. In some countries like the USA, it would appear normal to have access to basic technology like owning a car, television set, and basic communication gadgets like a modern mobile phone. However, as it appears normal in some of these countries, some people in the less fortunate countries lack even the basics of these technologies such as a mobile phone. Since most of the world bodies continue to use the basic technology to communicate with the world e.g. about health and safety, access to these ‘modern’ basic technology should be regarded as a human right and every effort is taken to ensure that just like immunization, every human being has access to them. It would be of little effort to produce vaccines that people never get to know about just because they cannot afford a television set. Vital human rights with modern basic technology A complete scope of vital human rights guarantees the development of life in its broadest sense and sustainable human development. Health, life, education, and nutrition have been considered to be on top of the human rights list. For many years, United Nations (UN) has been concerned with the link of the right to development to human rights and technologies. Of late, a link between development and the proclaimed human rights has been developing. UN has linked sustainable development to the positive effects of poverty reductions and has thus given priority of the human rights to a fair share of education, welfare, employment and health, Glendon, M.A., (2001). Science should place human beings at the center of the universe. Since technology is meant to serve the human beings, a set of rules needs to be established in order to have universal access to techniques essential for a good healthy life. Without discouraging research especially for products such as vaccine, there is need to have a Global Technological Facility that addresses vital human rights. People should have a right to simple yet adequate information through essential technologies. Education needs to be the center of concern in promoting technology towards human rights. It should be a permanent activity such that professionals with human sensitivity receive continued education, Ignatieff, M., (2001). We live in an age of constant technological breakthroughs, designed not only to ease human suffering but also to enhance human powers. At first glance, such progress — particularly in the health care field—appears to be an unqualified gain. However, inequality of access to these advances has worried many thoughtful people. Should individuals’ access to technology depend on how much money they have? Or which country do they live in? These concerns are becoming increasingly important as new technologies of medical care and bodily enhancement develop. As we try to understand the moral issues raised by these questions, we will examine how such concerns are translated into laws that set floors and ceilings for access to technology. The moral desirability of such limits on the minimum and maximum amount of technology available (to the poor and rich, respectively) will be the central focus of the course. We will begin with the idea of the social minimum—the basic level of technology that a just or decent society assures to even its poorest members. We will then explore how the law enacts this idea of a social minimum, both in the United States and (more briefly) internationally. In the U.S., the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 requires hospital emergency rooms that receive federal funding to screen and stabilize anyone who arrives with a serious condition. Medicaid and state programs assure some level of health care to the indigent. Internationally, some intellectual property laws governing pharmaceuticals also grant poor countries the right to “compulsorily license” lifesaving drugs in times of emergency. We will discuss how these and similar legal protections work, whether they are successful, and their unintended consequences. Conclusion A simple and pure market approach will not lead to an automatic solution for people with basic needs problems especially those with scarce resources. The poor also are so much in need of a healthy life that is in harmony with nature and their fellows. Reality has not turned to be pleasant for the poor after the centuries of modernity since transformations of the scientific and technological context have seen advances in liberty but delays in liberty. A dual strategy is thus required to deal with extreme poverty and modern competitiveness, a dual challenge for the ‘modern world’. Thus it can be ruled out that enabling access of the poor and semi-illiterate to ‘modern’ technology is enhancing their human rights. With further redevelopment and common international agreements steered by UN commissions on human rights should have these legally recognized incorporated as human rights. Reference Ignatieff, Michael. Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691088934. (2001). | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 2. Success Determiners of LinkedIn 3. Conclusion 4. References Porter’s five forces is a marketing analytical tool, which helps determine a current position of the company on the market (Harvard Business School Press, 2006). Moreover, any company should consider the world from the systematic perspective, as there is a vehement interdependence between all contributors (Meadows, 2008). A primary goal of this case study is to analyze LinkedIn’s position on the market by using Porter’s model. Furthermore, two fundamental aspects, which determine company’s success, are analyzed. In the end, the conclusions are drawn. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Firstly, Porter’s five forces analysis is conducted. It could be said that the bargaining power of suppliers is low, as there is a significant number of possibilities to switch to in instance of necessity. Nonetheless, LinkedIn has a tendency to purchase its suppliers such as Lynda to ensure its positions on the market and broaden its area of operations (Morgan, 2015). As for the bargaining power of customers, it remains insignificant to moderate as the individual users, organizations, and companies represent the customers. The primary income is collected from the businesses. In this case, it is apparent that LinkedIn provides unique services and can control the prices effectively. A threat of substitute products is moderate, as LinkedIn plays the role of the job provider, and many companies with the similar services are present on the market. One of the job search engines examples is Simply Hired Inc., which allows users to view the tendencies of the labor market (Gage, 2010). In turn, a threat of new entrants is moderate, as it is apparent that the exit barriers remain insignificant, and companies such as Facebook and Twitter can quickly add job search engines to their interface. Finally, the competitive rivalry is moderate. Despite having the moderate entrance barriers and increasing competition in this sector, LinkedIn remains the leader in this field, as it can combine a job search engine and social network. Nonetheless, other companies have a tendency to develop rapidly, and it might lead to the loss of its current position. In this case, LinkedIn has to ensure that the interface and features of the project remain unique. Success Determiners of LinkedIn One of the determiners of LinkedIn success is its ability to combine job search engine and social network. In this case, the most important factor, which will determine LinkedIn future, is the threat of new substitutes. It is evident that LinkedIn has to able to combine and develop these features, as the inability to notice that innovation trends might lead to the dominating positions of the substitute products and strategic failure in future. Another factor is the necessity to expand the services and activities, which are presented via the interface, to remain competitive on the market. It is apparent that taking uncertainties into planning is an essentiality (Wilson & Ralston, 2006). In this instance, acquisition of supplies assists the expansion of the services and assurance of the absence of risks, which are related to suppliers. This factor determines LinkedIn’s success in future, as it is essential to discover the business relations as a system. Conclusion In conclusion, it could be said that Porter’s five forces models revealed that LinkedIn remains a leader on the market. One of the primary factors, which determines its success, is the ability to provide services by using the systematization of features of social media and job search engines. Another aspect is the capacity to discover the business relationships from the systematic perspective, as it is necessary to establish a sufficient flow of information and services within the organization. References Gage, D. (2011, Nov. 15). Job search engine simply hired adds director from Netflix. VentureWire . Web. Harvard Business School Press and the Society for Human Resource Management. (2006). The essentials of strategy. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing. Meadows, D. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer . White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Morgan, J. (2015, Apr. 28). What LinkedIn’s acquisition of Lynda means for talent management. Forbes . Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/ Wilson, I., & Ralston, W. (2006). The scenario planning handbook. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This will enable our firm to be able to compete effectively in the global market because the cleaning industry has become very competitive in the recent past. Through the merger, there will be the creation of a synergistic effect in the course of the firm’s operation. In addition, our company will be able to increase its customer base. This is due to the fact that the firm will be able to venture into new markets. In addition, the employees’ level of knowledge will be improved. The effect is that there will be an increase in the productivity of the firms’ employees. As managers, we need to appreciate the changes that are occurring in the global business environment and integrate them into our operations. This means that we are supposed to play a significant role in managing the intended change within the organization. It is our responsibility to assure the employees that the merger will not have negative impacts on the organization and hence they should not be afraid of anything. It should be understood that the position we hold as managers is that of a role model. This means that the employees will be looking at us to identify our perception of the intended merger. All supervisory managers should ensure that they guide the operational level employees in understanding the merger effectively. This is due to the fact that the employees will demand a comprehensive knowledge of the direction that the organization is taking. Communicating to the employees will enable the employees to perceive that they are considered in the merger. To achieve this, it is important that all the supervisory managers adapt to the changes in time. This will ensure that they are efficient in making the employees understand the change. Considering the fact that there is a direct interaction between the first-level managers and the employees, there is a high probability of them affecting the employees’ productivity. All the first-level managers must demonstrate fairness in relating with the employees of the two firms. This will enable them to have an effective transition into the new firm. This is due to the fact that the employees will be under enormous pressure during the transition phase. The effect is that the firm will be able to minimize the rate of employee turnover due to poor relations with the first-level managers. In addition, all the supervisors should ensure that the employees have an opportunity to learn new sales techniques within the new firm. Supervisors should continue encouraging positive employee behavior in the workplace. This will help in keeping the morale of the employees high. If we promote negative employee behavior, the overall productivity of the organization will be negatively affected. In addition, it can also result in increased employee turnover since the employees will not feel satisfied in the organization. As supervisors, we should ensure that there is open communication and honesty between the management and the employees. I request all the supervisors to encourage the employees during the process of the merger, be good role models by leading as examples. This will help in the creation of a positive and fruitful work environment. It is also required that the first-level managers give rewards to the employees for accomplishments attained. The reward system should be in accordance with the organization’s guidelines which are in line with the employment law. A comprehensive staff review should be conducted by the managers to determine the level of productivity and efficiency amongst the employees. Rewarding employees should be free from any form of discrimination be it based on origin, religion, ethnicity, age, gender, or seniority in the work environment. Discrimination in the process of rewarding employees will not be tolerated. The supervisor should ensure that the process of assessing employees is based on facts and not hearsay. This is in line with employment law which demands that employee appraisal should be based on his or her job performance. In the process of the merger, it is evident that the firm will be involved in a working environment that is characterized by diverse needs. As the leaders of the organization, we are prepared to face challenges. This is evident from the fact that the organization will be composed of individuals with diverse beliefs, personalities, and cultures. To ensure that there is harmony in the working environment, we should respect one another and treat everyone with sincerity. The supervisors are required to inculcate a culture of positive relationships amongst the employees. This will enable the employees to appreciate the importance of diversity in attaining long-term organizational goals. In closing, we expect to integrate the best working practices between InterClean’s and EnviroTech’s human resources. During the entire process of the merger, we must motivate the various teams to embrace the change. In addition, we should ensure that we create an environment that will enable the merger to be successful. Sales Manager Reference Cary, C.L. (1995) Managing mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances: integrating people and cultures. London, UK: Butterworth Heinemann. Web. Michael, A & Helen, M.(2007). Reward management: a handbook of remuneration strategy and practice. London: Kogan Page Limited. Web. Wayne C. (2005). Managing human resources. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Color of Water by James McBride Essay (Book Review) This book is a story of James McBride and his experiences with the mother, Ruth McBride. James had a hard time while growing up as he was inquisitive on racial identity, yet his mother never wanted to share racial information with him. As a result, James asked his mother too many questions about her identity, but she gave insufficient answers. This caused lots of confusion to James as he never got to realize his real racial identity. After he had grown, James decided to pay tribute to his mother by sharing her experiences together with his own experiences in a book. He wrote his personal encounters as a child with a mixed race, together with his mother’s persuasive narrative. Ruth McBride, then known as Rachel Deborah, belonged to a Jewish family in Poland that later moved to America. Her father was a rabbi, and he travelled to different parts of the world, with his family, in search of employment. However, he later neglected his family when he could not find a job and forced them to find a home in Virginia at a small town called Suffolk. At some point, he abused Ruth sexually and engaged in an affair with another woman, despite being a married man. As a result, Ruth thought that his father was an exceedingly cruel man. She considered him as uncaring, violent and disloyal to his wife, who had physical disabilities. She also thought of him as a hypocrite who was full of racism. Ruth opted to join any religion that would totally draw her away from Judaism as she hated her father deeply. She deserted Judaism and became a truly powerful woman. She led her family against the norms to grand success. Most outstandingly and paradoxically, her son linked their achievements to her Jewish customs. Although Ruth escaped from the Jewish origin, she instilled Jewish norms in her children, which made them thrive in life. Ruth lived when segregation was rampant in schools as the Jews together with blacks became discriminated. She experienced intolerance and mockery in school since other children were Protestants while she was a Jew. Besides, Ruth experienced discrimination in school due to the status of her family. Her mother was a cripple, and she could not speak English. She also suffered from visual impairment as well and this embarrassed Ruth. Following high school graduation, Ruth transferred to New York City. She went back to Suffolk when her mother became sick, although, she refused to stay. After travelling back to New York, she found a lover and, after a while, she got married to Andrew McBride, a black man. It is at this point that she learnt that her Jewish family had disowned her. Ruth later transformed to Christianity to cope with her grief and guilt sentiments. She began a new life with McBride despite many criticisms due to their interracial marriage. Together with her husband, they founded a Baptist Church, where Ruth’s husband became the first minister in the church. They had seven children, but when Ruth was pregnant with James, her husband died of terminal cancer. Ruth mourned and sought help from family members and friends but in vain. Finally, she found another man called Hunter Jordan, and she remarried. Jordan acted as James’s father, and the couple got four other children. Ruth and Jordan instilled church and school significance to these children, and they grew up with discipline and love. The children were bright in academics and Ruth suggested that they should attend Jewish public schools. Later, she advised them to leave school so that they could learn to survive in the outside world. James started drinking alcohol and became rebellious, towards his mother, to cope with grief and his confusion on racial identity. He was a teenager then, and his performance in school began to drop. He moved to in Louisville, where he worked before winning a scholarship to study music. Later, he took a degree in journalism and began a career in writing, jazz performance and composition. One reason why James wrote “The Color of Water” was due to his persistent confusion about his mother’s identity. By tracing her past, living at Suffolk, and interrogating his mother, he gives the reader a spectacular skylight into the days of a woman and a family that endured and succeeded, outshining religious and racial segregation all for family, society, love and friendship. He demonstrates how he and his mother Ruth experienced prejudice in their lives. Ruth experienced mockery and segregation as a Jew residing in the South and afterwards as a white female living in black environs. Similarly, James saw the cruel treatment and the unfair labeling of black people in his neighborhood and family. Eventually, both James and Ruth learnt not to discriminate others simply due to their race, or religion. In conclusion, McBride writes sincere memories of his personal encounters as a child with a mixed race, together with his mother’s persuasive narrative. He shares his experiences of poverty, violence, drugs as well as his professional success and self-realization. McBride‘s book is relevant to readers of all races. It is a memorable meditation on identity and race and a dramatic representation of growing up in a community full of discrimination. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Teenage Pregnancy Problem and Decision-Making Tool Essay Every person in their life is forced to make decisions. Sometimes, it is challenging to find the best option because there is always a fear of making a mistake and regretting what has been done. It is especially puzzling to decide something for an adolescent whose worldview has not yet fully formed. Teenage pregnancy is an awkward issue when a girl faces burdensome alternatives that can drastically alter her life. Therefore, before making a decision, she must carefully weigh everything and consider each option’s positive and negative consequences. Teen Pregnancy: The Different Options to Address the Problem The Alternative Ways Out of Crisis Situation The problem of teen pregnancy can be solved in different ways. Kristi Kanel (2018) claims that every crisis can include both danger and opportunity. Thus, there are such options: 1. The girl may decide to keep the child and prepare to become a mother. According to data, 11% of all births occur during the teenage age worldwide (Ghose & John, 2017). 2. She can decide to give birth to a baby and leave him in the hospital. 3. Teenagers can have an abortion or terminate a pregnancy at home using herbs, medicines, or folk methods and try to live as if nothing happened. 4. The girl can give birth to a kid and let his grandparents raise him if they do not mind. Thus, there are at least four alternative ways to address this problem. The Consequences of Each Option Each alternative that a girl can choose has both positive and negative sides. The first option is the birth of a new person and the opportunity for the young mother to love and raise him. However, the adolescent will probably give up her school and face the risk of failure in her future career. The advantages of the second alternative include a chance for the girl to continue studying and the removal of the risk of further infertility. On the other side, she will always know that her child considers another woman his mom, or worse, that he lives in the children’s home. The termination of pregnancy allows continuing education and building the life of dream, but it will be a heavy burden on the teenager’s soul and may lead to infertility. Although the fourth option offers the opportunity to study and be close to the child, the girl will still move away from him and will not become a full-fledged mother. Thus, any choice carries positive and negative consequences with which the girl then has to live. The Values Influencing Decision and the Best Option Speaking about the values that can influence this decision, it is worth mentioning religious and cultural ones. In general, any religion prohibits abortion; any culture is against murder. My inner convictions also rank the third alternative as the most inappropriate. According to my values, education and career are significant parts of life, but a child is not a toy that can be taken, left, or even broken. A frightened teenage girl may try to terminate the pregnancy without informing other people because of a period of “risk-taking behaviors and social-affective sensitivity” (Van Hoorn et al., 2019, p. 129). However, her decision will also affect the child’s father, who has a right to know about the baby, and the girl’s parents. The main thing in making a decision is still the girl’s values because she will have to take responsibility for her choice. As for me, I have concluded that the best way out of this situation is the first option. Although it is essential to get an education and build a career, the life and happiness of the baby are more important. After completing this process, I can say that it was hard enough to consider all situations from different angles and make the only right decision for oneself. However, creating a list of each alternative’s positive and negative points can significantly help people in various crisis situations. While looking for all the pros and cons, a person already subconsciously understands which solution is closer to them. References Ghose, S., & John, L. B. (2017). Adolescent pregnancy: An overview. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6 (10), 4197-4203. Kanel, K. (2018). A guide to crisis intervention (6 th ed.). Cengage Learning. Van Hoorn, J., Shablack, H., Lindquist, K. A., & Telzer, E. H. (2019). Incorporating the social context into neurocognitive models of adolescent decision-making: A neuroimaging meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , 101, 129–142. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
EnGlobal Logistics Firm’s Supply Chain Operations Essay Introduction The supply chain management effectiveness in an organizational setting is quantified by its outcome against key performance indicators (KPIs). Basically, these indicators are instituted by a business to demonstrate the existing gap between activity planning and execution within the supply chain in the form of merits such as cost, waste, value, and service. The main KPIs in logistics and supply chain operations are operating costs, inventory, and customer service. This essay applies the above concept to analyze the logistics and supply chain operations of the EnGlobal Logistics. Importance of Developing Metrics and KPIs in Logistics and Supply Chain KPIs in logistics and supply chain operations measure the actual gap that exists between the planning of different activities and the results from transforming the plans into action. For instance, a KPI would measure the effectiveness of different supply chain channels against a metric or another performance indicator. On the other hand, metrics are the performance goals or targets created to track the effectiveness of different KPIs against each other (KIP Institute, 2013). As a result, a company would be in a position to quantify its logistic and supply chain operations as either efficient or not, depending on monitors such as service, value, and cost. EnGlobal Logistics Metrics Since the EnGlobal Logistics operates in the dynamic freight sector, it has managed to develop metrics for tracking the effectiveness of logistics and supply chain departments. Specifically, given that the focus of this company is on freight services, the metrics used are supply variability and inventory (Myerson, 2015). In measuring customer service as a KPI, the company uses the metrics of on-time and supply variability aimed at managing the delivered cost against the company’s strategic goals (see Table 1). On the other hand, supply variability angled on the metrics is schedule attainment, capacity utilization, and item availability (see figure 1). The intention of this indicator is to measure the item’s availability and inventory quality. Fig. 1. Supply variability of EnGlobal Logistics. Table 1. Merging supply variability and inventory KIPs. Performance rating on express Performance rating on freight Price 2.61 Price 2.57 Satisfactory delivery 2.62 Door-to-door pick-up 2.53 timeline Pick-up time 2.66 Invoicing 2.5 Shipment tracker 2.5 Specialized warehousing and storage 2.56 Invoicing problems 2.61 Customer service 2.59 Customer care 2.64 Credit terms 2.53 Range of services 2.58 Tracking 2.45 Credit terms 2.65 Insurance 2.52 Network of offices 2.66 On-time delivery 2.5 Indications of the Metrics and Benefits to EnGlobal Logistics Evidently, the high score in express and freight services within supply chain operations is an indication that EnGlobal Logistics has a well-performing supply variability and customer care. This also means that the supply chain operations of the company are positively aligned with the efficiency strategy. Performance ratings are used to measure the metrics on customer contentment and the logistics process in order to create strategies for reducing costs associated with supply chain operations. In fact, this strategy is significant in facilitating and identifying areas that require improvements (Mangan, Lalwani, & Lalwani, 2016). For instance, as captured in Table 1, customer satisfaction was weighed on the basis of experience feedback. The positive rating is an indication that the company is on the right track in managing its supply and customer care variables for effective service delivery. Developing KIP for Ethical Performance Developing KIPs for ethical performance at EnGlobal is carried out through the integration of sustainability reports and assessment of stakeholder interests to create an ethical attitude indicator (Daft & Marcic, 2016). KPIs that track ethical performance minimizes unethical behaviors such as a lack of accountability and financial misappropriation. As a result, EnGlobal will have to grapple with costs associated with such activities. References Daft, R., & Marcic, D. (2016). Understanding management (10th ed.). New York, NY: Cengage Learning. KIP Institute. (2013). The KPI compendium: 20,000+ key performance indicators used in practice. New York, NY: Createspace Independent Pub. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., & Lalwani, C. (2016). Global logistics and supply chain management . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Myerson, P. (2015). Supply chain and logistics management made easy: Methods and applications for planning, operations, integration, control and improvement, and network design . New York, NY: FT Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Truth Values, Their History and Use in Semantics Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historic Background of Truth Values 3. Truth Values and Semantics 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The truth value is an important idea of the contemporary logical semantics and the philosophy of logic. The notion is conceived as the natural element of the language analysis in which sentences and expressions are interpreted as a special type of name that refers to a special type of objects called the True and the False. Basically, the classical logic has the truth values, which obey the norm of bivalence. In this context, there are only two distinct logical values. The notion of truth values in semantics has been used differently in logic and philosophy. They are applied as the primitive abstract objects in which sentences are denoted in both natural and formal languages. It includes values that indicate the truth in a sentence and convey information about a specific proposition and the values preserved in a valid inference. Historic Background of Truth Values Based on how they are used, truth values can be treated as structured, unstructured, or unanalyzed entities. In addition, the concept of truth values as compound entities perfectly conforms to the models of truth values such as three-valued and four-valued logics (Goldblatt, 2006). Gottlob Frege explicitly introduced the concept of the truth value into logic and philosophy in 1891. Even though he was the first to make it one of the key ideas of semantics, Boole and Pierce had already anticipated the theory of semantical values. The introduction of this new notion in semantics helped in enhancing an extensive and diverse impact on the development of the modern philosophy and logic (Anderson & Edward, 2004). A sentence can be determined as true or false based on the information given. For example, the sentence “24 is divisible by 6” is true while “111 is a multiple of 8” is false. Truth Values and Semantics The truth value offers a means to complete the formal elements of a functional analysis of language in a uniform manner. This is achievable through the generalization of the functional concepts and introduction of a special type of functions (Goldblatt, 2006). These include propositional or truth value functions with the various values consisting of a set of truth values. Specific representatives of these functions establish both expressions and logical connections. Consequently, a powerful tool is obtained to implement a conclusive principle that helps in determining the meaning of complex expressions in terms of their components (Camp, 2002). Therefore, it is possible to differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic logics. The concept of truth values has been used to induce new perspectives into the philosophy of logic such as the category of truth, the idea of an abstract object and the nature of logical thinking among others. If the truth value is deemed a special object, the issues that arise determine the nature of their entities. This implies that the truth value cannot be given a general characterization. One way of providing it with specific characterization is by referring to it as an abstract object (Anderson & Edward, 2004). Conclusion The notion of Gottlob Frege about the truth value successfully became a standard component of both philosophical and logical terms used with semantics. The idea has become a crucial instrument used to achieve realistic and theoretical aspects of semantics. Truth values are essentially applicable in model theoretical semantics, especially in the areas of the knowledge and theoretical representations. In addition, considerations of the truth values create issues related to their ontological nature, facts and theories. Theoretical models have been used to explore the concept of the truth value beyond the initial idea of the True and the False developed by Frege. As a result, the notion has been developed to explain various aspects of semantics. References Anderson, D., & Edward Z. (2004). Frege, Boolos, and logical objects. Journal of Philosophical Logic , 33 (1), 1-26. Camp, L. (2002). Confusion: A study in the theory of knowledge . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Goldblatt, R. (2006). Topoi: The categorial analysis of logic . Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
These issues revolve around the choice of disclosing the client’s private information that she shared and clearly noted that she does not give her consent to reveal it to third parties. However, the matter in question concerns an innocent person whose rights are violated as a result of the client’s actions, and the information the worker possesses could help restore those rights. As for the actions the social worker should undertake to resolve the moral dilemma, it would be beneficial to consult their colleagues first. It is noteworthy, however, that the specific details are not disclosed in the process of such actions as it would be a violation of the code of ethics. As suggested by Frederic Reamer in his book Ethical Standards in Social Work, the fact of the consultation should be mentioned in the protocol to reflect that the matter was rationally considered (Reamer, 1998). As for the disclosure, the NASW Code of Ethics states that it is possible in the cases when it can be used to prevent “serious, foreseeable, and imminent harm to a client or other identifiable person” (National Association of Social Workers, 1999, p. 7). From this perspective, the worker could prevent accidents that can happen in prison with an innocent woman. The term ‘foreseeable’ could indicate that there is a degree of the assumption that can be made here. According to Dolgoff, Harrington, and Loewenberg (2012), life protection must be the top priority in each decision. Beatings and serious illnesses are not uncommon among prison inmates, so a danger to this person exists. However, there is no evidence that such harm is coming her way. Thus, if there was a case against the worker for violating the code of ethics, the decision could be made not in their favor. The code also states that a social worker must first obtain official consent to disclose such information (National Association of Social Workers, 1999). Mary Ice did not give her permission to disclose the information by stating that the worker should keep it private. Therefore, the information disclosed without consent will be considered as illegally obtained evidence. Even if the worker approaches the police with such evidence, it cannot be used against Ice in court because of the exclusionary rule. The rule states that facts and data collected in no accordance with the law can be dismissed by the court (Re, 2014). There are also limitations to the rule that dictates the possibility of the use of such evidence in cases when the probable damage to society is too great. For instance, if a serial killer was on trial and evidence of their guilt was presented, the court could permit to use it against them. Nonetheless, in this case, such danger is absent. The person in question cannot be deemed a serious criminal offender. All things considered, the disclosure of information without the client’s consent could be possible as there is a chance to prevent harm that may come to the health and life of the innocent woman in prison. However, I would not opt for it, as there is not too much evidence that such consequences are to follow and I could lose my job because of this decision. The second argument against it is that the information that I would have presented to the police illegally with a high degree of certainty would not be used against Mary Ice in court. The exclusionary rule would not allow it. It seems like a noble and honorable thing to try to save the innocent woman in prison, but the chances of success are not high enough. References Dolgoff, R., Harrington, D., & Loewenberg, F. M. (2012). Brooks/Cole empowerment series: Ethical decisions for social work practice . Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. National Association of Social Workers. (1999). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Web. Re, R. M. (2014). The due process exclusionary rule. Harvard Law Review, 127 (7), 1893-1965. Reamer, F. G. (1998). Ethical standards in social work . Washington, DC: NASW Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Being famous to being rich Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Social ladder 3. The futuristic perspective of being rich to being fame 4. Conclusion 5. Work Cited Introduction The human species vary greatly in various perspectives ranging from intelligence, size, milieu, and social status. Social status pertains to the different categories of famous people and rich people. Famous people include rappers and singers, actors and actress, producers, television and movies stars, models, chefs, teachers; any person can be famous (reComparison contributing writer, par. 2). Comparatively, there are variety of rich people who have gain their wealth status through delusion, legacy, diligent work, live insurance policies regarding the death of family member or by hitting the lotto (par. 2). Social ladder In determining a person’s social status, many factors are considered. These factors include personal monetary value, a person’s family, who you know as well as how you tumbled upon your fame or money. There is a wide variation between the famous movie idols and politicians. A movie idol will earn a high opinion and admiration from the public, whereas a famous politician will command a big scope of fans when they are still in the limelight (par. 3). Although millionaires and billionaires form the crest of the social status, in the young generation’s mind they fall short of fame since they seldom appear in the information media preferred by them. This is evident by the fact that a public spokesman can enjoy a higher social position relative to other private millionaires, if s/he is well-known (par. 3). The futuristic perspective of being rich to being fame Ironically the famous persons as well as rich persons can at any time lose their fame and money. Nevertheless, when an individual who is famous loses his/her social status, some small degree of their fame still remains. The expression “fifteen minute of fame” applies for those persons who have been put in the limelight by publicity experts converse to those who have been espouse glorious or those regarded as fascinating by the masses; their work and career will still persist regardless of the reason for their fame (par. 4). On the other hand, the rich can restore back his/her money after losing, by persistent hard work or by applying the same initiative that facilitated their success initially. According to those who are not rich, achieving a rich status has some mystery attached to it. Money goes to those who focus their thoughts to gaining wealth by applying very distinct steps which they uphold will result in success. The essentials of financial success are to some extent aligned with the laws of cause and effects (par. 5). Conclusion Being rich does not necessarily mean you are famous; conversely, being famous does not essentially mean you are rich. A rich person can lose his money any moment whereas a famous person can only have his fame diminished to some degree determined by the cause for the fame. Fame makes the social status easy to scale on the account of the big number of people know you, while a rich person can by his/her way up the social status. Although money can make one rich, it cannot necessarily make you famous; instead being famous is not a materialistic aspect of the society since any person can do something to become famous (par. 6). Work Cited reComparison contributing writer. Being Rich vs. Being Famous. reComaprison – Compare it Yourself. 2010. [Online article] http://recomparison.com/comparisons/100414/being-rich-vs-being-famous/ 30 November, 2010. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Media Representation of Black Woman Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Supporting Arguments 3. Non-Supportive Arguments 4. Conclusion and Recommendations (My View) 5. Works Cited Introduction African-Americans in the US have often suffered from negative stereotypes, as portrayed by different media outlets. Gedeon (4) says that common adjectives used by the media to describe African-American women include “gold-diggers,” “baby mamas,” uneducated, angry, mean, and unhealthy. These adjectives reinforce the views of a study conducted by Meyers (143), which sampled a group of women, aged 18-29. The study showed that 80% of media representations of African-American women were negative (Meyers 143). Essence magazine also reported similar findings after finding out that more than 80% of media representations of African-American women were negative (Meyers 50). Although many people hold this view, people have contradictory opinions regarding the effects of these negative images on the African-American society. Some say it is inconsequential to portray African-American women negatively, while others believe that society should not condone the media’s negative portrayal of African-American women (Meyers 50). After exploring the pros and cons of these arguments, this paper argues that society should not tolerate the negative representation of African-American women in America because such depictions are incorrect and baseless. Supporting Arguments This paper has already shown that some people say the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media is not necessarily a “bad thing” because, historically, the media have ignored this demographic (Meyers 144). Therefore, they say the negative imagery is an improvement depiction of the gender because there was a total media blackout of African-American women. Therefore, these groups of people say negative media representation is better than no representation at all (Meyers 144). In the same regard, using this logic, Meyers (144) says that African-American professionals (journalists, actors, musicians and the likes) do not have to present a positive image of African-American women because it does not matter what representation is out there. People who support the above views also support the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media because they believe such representations are true (Gedeon 3; Meyers 50). Some of these people support this idea, based on their personal experiences, while others believe that such representations are true because of what they see in the media (Gedeon 5). A small section of this population believes that such representations of African-American women are authentic and natural. They also perceive the same representations as real (Gedeon 5). For example, Gedeon (6) says the original depiction of Oscar Award winner, Lupita Nyong’o as true African beauty is the media’s representation of true African beauty in its authentic form. She also says such representations, although undesirable to some people, represent the true essence of African-American beauty. Collectively, people who hold these views say it is “not bad” to portray African-American women in their true essence because such representations authentically depict the people’s character (Gedeon 3; Meyers 50). Non-Supportive Arguments Some people have a counter-argument to the above analogy by saying that the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media is a “bad thing” (Meyers 143). Although they also acknowledge that the media have always ignored black women, they say it is important for African-American professionals to portray a positive image of their women by changing the negative stereotypes that have characterized this demographic (Francois 3). Failure to do so means they approve the negative image of African-American women portrayed in the media. Harris-Perry (2) holds the same view after saying the negative portrayal of African-American women in mainstream media is “lacking, misguided, incomplete, or wrong.” Harris-Perry (2) and Gedeon (3) further caution people from embracing the negative stereotypes of African-American women (portrayed in the media) by saying that it reinforces negative stereotypes of the population because people often resonate with what they see. Therefore, if they continue to perceive African women as angry or uneducated people, they are likely to believe this is true. Consequently, she argues that society should not condone such perceptions (Harris-Perry 2). Conclusion and Recommendations (My View) Doubtless, the image of African-American women has changed in the past few decades. In the past, the media portrayed this demographic as sexual objects of their masters (usually during the slavery period). The media also portrayed them as “mammies” who dedicated most of their lives to taking care of the well-being of their masters’ families, as opposed to their own. Over the decades, this image has changed by “desexualizing” women. However, the new image still puts African women in a “mental cage” of racial prejudices and stereotypes. Although some people may view this change as progressive, it is important to understand how it reinforces negative racial stereotypes of African-American women and promotes discrimination in the same regard. If left unchecked, these negative representations may further erode the values and identities of African-American women in the society, thereby creating a bigger identity crisis for the women. Therefore, it is wrong to allow the negative portrayal of African-American women to continue (merely) because it is an improvement of historical media depictions of the demographic. Overall, although it is crucial to allow authentic representations of gender, the media should exclude racial prejudices in their representations of African-American women. Works Cited Francois, Tiffany. How the Portrayal of Black Women has shifted from Slavery times to Blaxploitation films in American Society . 2013. PDF File. Web. Gedeon, Kimberly. Where Are The Authentic Black Beauties? African-American Women Yearn For Better Media Representation . 2013. Web. Harris-Perry, Melissa. Where are the positive representations of black women in media? February. 2013. Web. Meyers, Marian. African American Women in the News: Gender, Race, and Class in Journalism , London, UK: Routledge, 2013. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Population Health Promotion in Spartanburg Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Community Evaluation 3. Specific Ways to Improve the Health Status of the Community 4. Patients with Congestive Heart Failure 5. References Introduction This paper focuses on health status identification and health promotion in Spartanburg, SC. Taking into account that nurses play an integral part in improving the health status of the community, it is essential to explore the mentioned topic in detail. Community Evaluation The status of the public health of Spartanburg County is determined by a range of factors. According to Spartanburg (SP) Health Rankings (2016), the key health factors include obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, sexually-transmitted diseases, food environment index, and alcohol abuse – all these factors are behavioral. In turn, environmental ones involve air pollution, housing issues, and drinking water quality. Also, among social and economic factors, one might note unemployment, low income, and crime. At that, considerable efforts to address the mentioned issues are conducted by Partners for Active Living (PAL), the Childhood Obesity Task Force (COTF), and the Mary Black Foundation. The City of Spartanburg has an elaborate network of public, private, and non-profit organizations that are open to communicating with each other and the public. In particular, the Road to Better Health (RTBH) coalition is one of the most prominent of them. Specific Ways to Improve the Health Status of the Community In this regard, it is essential to suggest appropriate preventive measures to improve health outcomes in Spartanburg County. According to Five Public Health Priority Areas & Goals for 2018 identified by RTBH, the community is in need to enhance access to care. Namely, it is expected to achieve a “30% reduction in the number of emergency room discharges for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and 30% reduction in the number of hospital readmissions within 30 days” ( Public Health , 2016, para. 2). Another specific way to improve the current health status is to reduce tobacco use among the population that can be reached by the facilitation “of at least 150 SC Tobacco Quitline fax referrals from Access Health Spartanburg and changes through one new smoke-free ordinance” ( Public Health , 2016, para. 2). It is also crucial to point out that other initiatives might be considered as well. For example, the reduction of childhood obesity, the improvement of birth outcomes, and the increase in health behaviors should be taken into account within the framework of a comprehensive approach. Patients with Congestive Heart Failure SC Office of Research and Statistics reports that Spartanburg County residents were registered as 129 patients and 219 visitors with congestive heart failure at South Carolina Emergency Departments in 2012 ( Public Health , 2016). The data provided shows the necessity to improve this area. Considering that congestive heart failure is sometimes a result of the obesity factor that was identified above, Harkness and DeMarco (2012) offer to implement the Weight Watchers program. Based on encouragement, the program also requires the active involvement of nurses in teaching and continuous surveillance of patient care. However, it is significant to provide primary (aimed at preventive measures before the disease appearance), secondary (used to reduce the impact of the existing disease), and tertiary prevention (used to soften the influence of the congestive heart failure). Spartanburg Regional Healthcare agency provides education and special medical attention to patients with chronic heart failure. Striving to meet the expectations of every client, nurse practitioners can also assist with emergency visits and medical goals along with care plans as well as offer various medication assistance programs ( Heart Failure Center: Helping You Take Control , 2016). Spartanburg Regional Heart Center is another agency that is a hospital specializing in training, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with congestive heart failure. The cost of the services at both health agencies is affordable and supplemented by discounts, cheer cards, and other bonuses. Medicaid services allow residents of South Carolina who are suffering from heart problems to receive services at both centers. References Harkness, G. A., & DeMarco, R. (2012). Community and public health nursing: Evidence for practice . Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Heart Failure Center: Helping You Take Control. (2016). Web. Public Health . (2016). Web. Spartanburg (SP) Health Rankings . (2016). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
COVID-19 Influence on Fitness Industry Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Project Description 2. Type of Study 3. Target Population and Sample Size 4. Sample Design and Data Collection 5. Questionnaire Design 6. Proposed Analysis 7. Deliverables and Benefits of the Research Project Description The pandemic has affected the work of many areas of business associated with the gathering of people in public places. Gyms and fitness centers were also shut down, and then they changed the structure and rules of their work to ensure the safety of visitors. However, despite the changes, many people still avoid gyms and fitness centers due to fear of contamination with COVID-19 and its new strains. For this reason, the aim of our study will be to examine the changes in sports habits of people, as well as their intention to visit fitness centers in the near future. The study will also include preferred training formats and measures necessary to ensure the comfort of visitors, which is essential information for gym owners needing to adapt during a pandemic. Type of Study We will use a quantitative design structure for this research. Online tools such as e-mails and Google forms will be used to collect information, and data will be analyzed using spreadsheets and statistical analysis tools. This study refers to the primary quantitative research methods, specifically a survey of respondents. This approach is most appropriate for the topic, since it allows us to cover a relatively large sample of respondents and identify general trends among the population. Moreover, this type of research is convenient for collecting information and analysis because it does not require the personal presence of respondents and takes a short time. Target Population and Sample Size Sports and moderate physical activity are necessary for all people; therefore, the target population in this study is a fairly broad audience. However, the study will involve people who visit or have previously visited gyms and fitness centers to make it easier to gather information and weed out irrelevant requests. Thus, the target population will be current and former East Coast gyms and fitness centers’ visitors over 18 years old. The expected sample size will be 130-150 people to cover all population groups by age, gender, employment, and other socio-demographic characteristics. Sample Design and Data Collection The primary way of collecting information will be online forms. Gyms and fitness centers that will agree to participate in the study will send their current and former clients surveys via email, messengers, or SMS. Questions will be submitted in Google forms, which will be opened via a link in the message. The survey will be anonymous, and restrictions will ensure that the survey is completed only once from one phone number or email address. The sampling method will be convenience and snowball sampling, which will help attract enough people to participate in the study. Questionnaire Design The questionnaire will be compiled by using Google Forms. The first set of questions will address the demographics of the respondents, such as age, gender, race, education, financial status, and chronic diseases. The second part of the questions will be aimed at determining changes in the sports behavior of the respondents. For example, this part will include questions about playing sports or exercising during a pandemic and its forms, such as online training, outdoor activities, going to the gym, or not being physically active. In addition, some of the questions will also relate to the reasons for refusing to visit sports centers, such as fear of infection, closure of a favorite gym, inconvenience due to a format change, or the need to wear a mask. The third set of questions will ask respondents about their future intentions and aspects that influence their choice. For example, how much will vaccination affect the respondent’s decision to visit sports centers, or how important is the size of the groups and the number of visitors in the room, as well as various protective measures (masks, disinfection, disposable protective covers). While the second part will have multiple-choice questions, the third part will use the Likert scale. In this way, the data will be able to reflect the intentions of people to visit the gym, as well as the impact on them of demographic characteristics and certain organizational aspects. Proposed Analysis The research will focus on determining the relationships between different variables. First, we will analyze the influence of demographic characteristics on the intention to attend gyms or fitness centers. The most important in this category are also chronic diseases of respondents. Secondly, the analysis will also be aimed at determining the relationship between respondents’ use of new formats of sports activities, for example, online training, and the intention to visit sports centers. Third, we will also analyze factors that influence respondents’ intention, such as vaccinations and measures to ensure the safety of visitors or their cancellation. All variables will be analyzed statistically using the latest software. Deliverables and Benefits of the Research The results and findings of this study will be beneficial in several ways. First, the research will show how people’s sports and activity habits changed during the pandemic, since the closure and restrictions of gyms have deprived many people of the most convenient and simple way of exercising. Therefore, identifying current sports activities among people who were physically active before the pandemic may partially reflect changes in overall population activity, which is a significant health factor. Moreover, the findings can also be helpful to the owners of sport and fitness centers because they demonstrate the visitors’ needs. For example, if a financial state influences customers’ intentions, the owners can offer discounts. At the same time, understanding the importance of measures such as disinfecting equipment or the number of people for group activities will also help determine the optimal conditions for attracting customers and generating profit for fitness centers. Thus, the findings can have both theoretical and practical applications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Curriculum Evaluation Practices and Its Roles Essay Assessments of Curriculum Assessment of curriculum is a natural and critical element of instruction, as it allows to evaluate the progress that has been in education. It can be defined as a method that is used to understand the current knowledge that a student possesses (Dikli, 2003). Assessment has always been a contentious issue due to various factors of objectivity, diversity of learning styles, and bureaucratic issues, among others. However, traditional assessments are generally tests and tools that are commonly utilized in academic settings. Some of the most popular tests are multiple-choice tests, true/false, short-answer, and sometimes even essays. These fall under what is commonly known as standardized testing, aimed at objectively test whether a student possesses knowledge of the curriculum. With the same or similar tests given to everyone in a population (classroom, grade, school), the traditional assessments of curriculum provide an insight at the broad effectiveness of instructional strategies. There are certain benefits to traditional assessments, they are easy to construct, implement, and score (often via machines), they are scored objectively providing an appearance of ‘fairness’ and they are most often associated with assessment in public perception (Dikli, 2003). This approach to evaluation is influenced by the scientific, modernist approach, with clearly stated objectives and precise indicators that students have achieved the intended objectives (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2018). Alternative assessments are also known as performance tests or authentic assesmsnts. They are commonly aimed at determining what a student can do rather what they know, measuring proficiency rather than blunt knowledge, known as action strategies (Petre, 2017). Some examples of this can include projects, portfolios, and other methods that allow the student individually or as a group to demonstrate their skills, and most often their knowledge at the same time. The benefits of alternative assessments include being able to assess valuable skills, realistic and applicable skill application, can always be aligned with learning outcomes, and typically provide more individual approaches to assessing students (BYU Center for Teaching and Learning, n.d.). The humanistic, post-modernist approach is best applicable to alternative assessments, as these seek to identify whether the student has been enabled to understand and improve self-concepts. To this perception, achievements matter less, but rather the search for knowledge and truth, as the student gains the skills necessary to study the world, engage, analyze, and communicate (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2018). Roles in Evaluation In my setting, teachers play the role of educators who provide knowledge of the curriculum to the students, and then the facilitators of the evaluation tests (most often standardized) based on the program learning outcomes. Teachers generally have little to no input on what is encompassed in the main curriculum, and then, for the big tests, educator performance as professionals is virtually evaluated by the results of these tests. Therefore, to maintain good standing as educators and employees, many teachers are forced to resort to preparing students on taking the standardized test and memorizing facts rather than acquiring and applying the knowledge (Robelen, 2018). I would argue that teachers should be involved in all steps of the evaluation process from start to finish. It is specifically important for educators to create assessments that are most fitting for their subject, students, and age group, among other factors. By creating fitting assessments, educators can then test students comprehensively and determine holistically the weak and strong sides of their education strategies and what changes can be made for most effectiveness. References BYU Center for Teaching and Learning. (n.d.). Using alternative assessments . Web. Dikli, S. (2003). Assessment at a distance: Traditional vs. alternative assessments. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2 (3), 13-19. Web. Ornstein, A.C., & Hukins, F.P. (2018). Curriculum foundations, principles, and issues (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited. Petre, A. (2017). The impact of alternative assessment strategies on student. Scientific research and education in the air force – AFASES2017, pp. 157-160. Web. Robelen, E. (2018). Testing and test prep: How much is too much? Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
John Rawl’s Philosophy of Liberalism Essay John Rawl’s ideas about liberalism are influenced by the concept of social rules. These rules are formulated by different people or groups to come up with agreements. Rawl argues that these parties regard wealth and income creation as opportunities which encourage progressive social collaboration. The participants involved help one another meet their mutual interests and goals. Rawl’s arguments are correct because social rules apply differently to different societies depending on their ways of lives. Rawl argues that liberalism brings about social justice. He further stresses that people follow rules they form for their own benefit. Rules of justice guide people on how ownership and distribution of social goods happen within a society. These rules are not meant to protect natural rights or rights given to humanity by God. The rules only look at how resources that exist in the society are to be shared based on people’s agreements. The rules of justice as propounded by Rawl present a true picture of complex attitudes that influence people’s views. His argument is correct because most rules are formed by humans. Only humans can decide how fair or unfair the rules are depending on their experiences. Rawl’s ideas advance the ideals of democracy which help societies progress. Rawl’s philosophy on social and economic equalities is credible. The philosophy talks about formal equality before the law without discrimination. However, the theory does not adequately address the issue of historical discrimination that denies people equal access to social and economic opportunities. Rawl proposes good ideas but does not offer solutions that can eliminate economic and social inequalities. Rawl also fails to show the method that can effectively distribute economic and social resources equitably. Rawl’s philosophy is idealistic and cannot be a solution for all issues that relate to social and economic inequality. Most societies in the world do not have economic or social equality because of different reasons. There is a small section of people within a given society who influence how rules are made. Rawl assumes that rules of ownership and distribution of resources are made by people living within a particular society. This assumption is incorrect because the people that have power within a society have a big influence on how social and economic rules are enforced. Rawl further assumes that making people acquire skills and knowledge through education eliminates inequality. Some societies have high literacy rates in their adult populations yet they still experience social and economic inequalities. The increase in the number of skilled and educated people does not always eliminate economic and social inequalities. In conclusion, Rawl’s philosophy has weight. The contribution that members of a given society have in forming rules that decide how social and economic resources are distributed improves living standards for all. Rawl however does not fully address modern problems that arise out of unequal distribution of wealth and resources. Discrimination in the modern world has reduced substantially yet social and economic inequalities still persist. Liberalism does not offer practical solutions that can eliminate problems caused by economic and social inequalities in many societies. Some societies have their economies controlled by a few people who are not always willing to allow the majority to get access to resources. Modern societies have not yet found solutions to the problems of inequality that many people face. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
My Food Coach, a Mobile Health Application Essay Table of Contents 1. Target Population 2. Benefits and Limitations 3. Resource Accessibility 4. References Target Population The target population of My Food Coach includes people with CKD, diabetes or hypertension, due to their need to adjust their dietary plans and monitor their daily intake of nutrients. The app was developed by the National Kidney Foundation of the United States, but it is available in English and can be easily used by Indigenous Australians. In addition, healthcare professionals may recommend this app to their patients and control food quality to predict weight and kidney problems. Benefits and Limitations Evidence-based apps for individuals with specific health conditions have many benefits for self-monitoring related to keeping to a diet [1-2]. The application provides options for customizing diets and plans depending on nutritional requirements, and it includes a large base of recipes and related food products, as is noted by researchers [3-4]. Another benefit of this application is its availability for Android and iOS through the App Store and Google Play. Limitations are associated with the use of this application and the necessity to have a smartphone and Internet access, resulting in limitations for patients representing low-income groups and older patients. People may face certain difficulties in its utilization due to their poor education [5]. To start using this app, a person needs to enter much personal information about vital signs and health conditions. It is hard to do without extra professional help. Finally, the location of a user has to be mentioned, and Australians can be challenged by surfing a possible zip code and other US-related information. Resource Accessibility Using this application, people with CKD will be able to plan their daily menus, adapt the provided recipes, and control their intake of not only protein, lipids, and sugar but also minerals and vitamins [6]. Thus, patients will be able to use personalized nutrition information and create unique menus for weeks at a time. They can plan their eating habits, choose food and its quality, and improve health by a variety of means. References Diamantidis CJ, Becker S. Health information technology (IT) to improve the care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). BMC Nephrol. 2014 Dec;15(1): 7-10. Campbell J, Porter J. Dietary mobile apps and their effect on nutritional indicators in chronic renal disease: a systematic review. Nephrology. 2015 Oct;20(10): 744-751. Klein J. Utilization of mobile nutrition applications by patients with chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr. 2019 Jan;29(1): e5-e7. Brauer A, Waheed S, Singh T, Maursetter L. Improvement in hyperphosphatemia using phosphate education and planning talks. J Ren Nutr. 2018 Aug;29(2): 156-162. Lambert K, Mullan J, Mansfield K, Owen P. Should we recommend renal diet–related apps to our patients? An evaluation of the quality and health literacy demand of renal diet–related mobile applications. J Ren Nutr. 2017 Nov;27(6): 430-438. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F. Moderator’s view: Low-protein diet in chronic kidney disease: effectiveness, efficacy and precision nutritional treatments in nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Feb;33(3): 387-391. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Revolution and Independence in UK Essay The incentives for the War of Independence initially appeared many years before the war itself broke out. The dissatisfaction of American colonists because of the unfair policy of Great Britain rose from month to month, and the main issue for argument was taxation imposed on Americans without any explanations. Surely, the reasons were known to everyone – the French war and the Indian war were taking much money from the country’s budget, its debt grew, becoming unable to be handled by Britain alone. Therefore, the government decided to turn to the colonies for additional revenues to close the gaps in the budget. Being an opponent of taxation, it is necessary to consider the Acts that brought about the changes in taxation and to define what was wrong about the policy they pursued together with the way to constitute some changes. The article relevant to present topic is the one posted by the Parliament of the UK titled “No Taxation without Representation” posted on the materials of legal procedures accompanying the introduction of the Stamp Act. This article tells about the situation in Great Britain of that time after the wars, being unable to pay off the debt; then it describes the way the Act was written, on 13th February 1765, the Chancellor of the Exchequer presented a Bill to the House of Commons at the instigation of the then Prime Minster George Grenville (1712-1770), entitled ‘a Bill for granting certain Stamp Duties, and other Duties, in the British Colonies and Plantations in America; and for applying the Same towards further defraying the Expenses of defending, protecting, and securing such Colonies and Plantations’. As one can see from the information set further in the article, the change of taxation was accepted well in the Parliament, but caused a great wave of dissatisfaction and even protest in the colonies. The struggle for repealing the Act took nearly a year, so only in 1766 the Act was repealed. However, the disappointment and tension were growing within the minds of Americans, which finally led to the war outburst. Speaking about taxation, there is a set of points necessary to underline. For example, the Currency Act seems to be unnecessary from the point of view of complications in paying off the debt that would be only worsened with the introduction of the Act. People who have no ability to use paper money cannot pay off the debts they have, thus contributing nothing to the problem solution. The alternative action that may be proposed in the present case is cancelling the prohibition and, more than that, taking the money from colonists in their currency as well. Though the money they use is doubtable, it is always possible to establish a currency rate to be able to make financial operations. One more measure arousing dissatisfaction of colonists may be the expansion and the Indian war, which is still financed from the pockets of the colonists. The newly introduced debts are targeted at covering the expenses for the war. If no military action were taken, the present tax rates would be enough and there would be no conflict. If the expansion is inevitable and the money is still needed, it would be still appropriate to give the colonists the opportunity to earn the money they may then pay to Great Britain as a tax – by means of letting the colonist sellers conduct trade on a free competition basis, without restraint from the side of monopolists from Great Britain. If the policy that has been just suggested were pursued, the chance of eliminating the armed conflict and retaining peace in the two countries would be considerably higher. Reflect The secret of relations of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings was the subject for discussion since the publication by James T. Callender in the newspaper in 1802. The article was a result of a personal offence of the journalist, so at first there was no attention to the point; more than that, Thomas Jefferson refused to comment the issue during all his life. Thus, the issue was considered by his family who denied the possibility of relationships of Jefferson and his slave Sally. However, in the context of the present discussion another factor comes to the fore – the President who himself proclaimed freedom and was the icon of liberty for the country at the beginning of its existence did not free his slaves, and Sally in particular. It is possible to judge of this action as a hypocritical one since the fight for freedom was just won, the abolitionist movement has already emerged, so it would be really appropriate for the President propagating freedom to show it on his own example. George Washington was a wonderful, inspiring example of a leader for the state; his studies of Enlightenment taught him to treat people with respect and equality. His friendly and close relations with the troops he commanded won him respect and love of the soldiers; he was recognized for having “maturity of judgment”, “prudence”, he was “cool in action” and “self-possessed”. For sure these were the qualities necessary for the newly-born nation and this was what he brought to the Presidency becoming the forefather of the United States of America. Bibliography Public Broadcasting Service. Rediscovering George Washington: Qualities of Mind and Character , Web. The UK Parliamentary Archive, No Taxation without Representation , Web. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account, Web. US Department of State, Parliamentary taxation of colonies, international trade, and American Revolution, 1763-1775, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Critical response to the movie 3. Perception of women in terms of crime and prison 4. Conclusion 5. Work Cited Introduction The Longford film is set in the early 1960s, where everyone is taking a carefree time when the horrific slayings of three children occur and shock the whole country. It is encompassed in Pennine Moorlands, in northern England in a quiet neighborhood where almost everyone is familiar with the neighbors’ tendencies. The then leader of the House of Lords, Lord Longford, is a frequent visitor of the prisons. During this time, he corresponds with the incarcerated and receives letters from them (Hooper & Morgan, 2006). At one time, he gets a letter from Myra Hindley, who is imprisoned after committing three notorious murders known as the Moors Murders with her boyfriend and accomplice Brady. He visits her, and she tries to deceive him into believing she is changed by converting to his own Roman Catholic Church. Brady advises Longford to turn his back on her, but he remains impartial to the idea that people eventually become good, led to think so by his strong religious beliefs (Brown). He goes further to influence and run a campaign for the parole of Myra Hindley, for which he receives mass criticism and results in furious political debates rocking the country. Longford eventually fails in his quest to get her paroled and realizes upon her confession of two more slayings that she was deceiving him. However, he persists, and he is last seen visiting her at the prison as a 95-year-old man before he dies. Myra Hindley lives to the age of 60 and never receives parole. Critical response to the movie According to the director’s scene play, the film receives positive reviews, but it raises eyebrows from its dramatic conflict, lunacy, and lucidity. Of more concern is how he portrays Lord Longford; he was gullible and motivated to win Hindley parole following his religious beliefs even after being advised not to by his wife, Lindsay Duncan. Longford is painted as a questionable politician, a hate-figure, and a laughing stock in his support for the parole of a woman considered the evilest woman. The Prime Minister, after that, removes Longford from Government leadership when he learns that Longford had visited Hindley ((Hooper & Morgan, 2006). The director sets an excellent basis for revisiting the Moors Murders, and in his film, he develops a deadlock to the progress of release of the evil lady Hindley. In my own opinion, she is sadistic in nature, and the justice system was right in keeping her locked up; should she have been released, we could have probably seen her commit the same crimes again, seeing as the conversion to Roman Catholic was merely a pose to draw closer to release. It was in the quest of her parole that Lord Longford fell. In the end, the plot was well developed, and it greets expectation till the death of Hindley and confinement of Brady, who is deemed criminally insane. Perception of women in terms of crime and prison Women are taken to be nurturing and caring beings that provide solace and comfort in internal or interpersonal conflict times. The thought of a woman bringing harm to younger people within that society is quite questionable and immoral. When we weigh Brady’s wrong as a male figure compared to Hindley’s wrong, we tend to think the lady was more off-track than the man seeing women are the exact opposite of mean and evil generally speaking. Men are stereotyped as mean and muscular figures bent on achieving what they set their minds to. For Hindley to stand by and accompany Brady to these crime scenes is seen as a betrayal to the kids that look up to their motherly figures from protection from the society’s villains. This represents the general view of most societies across the world. Therefore, women are not expected to be found in prisons, and neither are they supposed to be criminals. The notion that they bring forth life out of their wombs completely contravenes the idea that they could as well be responsible for the destruction of it after that. It is insane for such an occasion to arise where a woman is found responsible for the intentional slaying of a young one. This is probably why we take it harshly upon such characters in society; stricter judgment is passed on them than would be on their male counterparts. Conclusion The film contains medieval crime scenes and sadistic execution of the deaths therein representing the real crimes executed in the early ’60s. It passes for a tremendous drama-filled movie. The death and failure of Lord Longford are not regrettable, and the audience must feel satisfied with its ending for no such evil deeds are, or should be, excusable. Work Cited Hooper, Tom and Morgan Peter. Longford . Granada Productions. 2006. DVD. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
After the Oil Crisis, a Food Crisis? Global Rising Food Prices and Their Effects Report (Assessment) This article talks about the rising food prices being experienced globally and their effects. She gives facts and figures to show that the inflation is being experienced everywhere, both in developing and developed countries. However, the effects discussed largely concentrate on developing countries. The author also discusses possible causes and effects of this global phenomenon. She argues that the world’s food prices have increased steadily due to increased price of energy (especially oil) and an increase in the demand due to population growth. The other issue cited as a cause of rapid food inflation is the use of biofuels, especially the diversion of food crops for use in energy production. Additionally, she talks of global warming having a negative effect on food production. The first idea is that the food price increase is real. She states, using figures that the prices have increased everywhere, both in the developed and developing countries. However, the price increase varies from place to place. It is more in poor, food importing, developing countries than in other countries. The second idea is that oil is the largest cause of food inflation. She states that high oil prices have resulted in increased food import prices. The specific way that oil drives up prices has not been discussed in depth. Thirdly, the use of biofuels has affected the demand side of the equation. These biofuel products are also food crops, mainly cereals. By using them for fuel, they constrict the availability of food, causing the price to increase. Lastly, she gives other causes of increased food prices. They include increased pressure from growing economies China and India, and the effects of global warming. Global warming has led to extreme weather, causing a drop in food production globally. Demand: this has been dealt with in respect to food demand. The law of demand has been seen in this case with an increase in price of food due to increased demand. Supply: this has also been dealt with in respect to food availability. The scarcer the food has become, the more expensive it is. Supply has also been constricted by the fact that the product has found multiple uses: it is both used for food and fuel. When supply and demand interact, they produce the equilibrium that sets the price level. Production costs: oil is used in the production process of food. An increase in oil prices causes an increase in the price of input and thus an increase in the cost of production. Therefore food prices are directly proportional to the price of oil, the input product. Substitute products: biofuels are seen as a substitute product for oil. The price of oil causes an increase in demand for cheaper substitute, biofuel. The increased demand for biofuel causes an increase in its price. Inflation: the changes in the global economy have caused an increase in the price of food. Demand: the willingness and ability to purchase a specific good or service at a particular time Supply: the total quantity of a good or service that is made available for buyers in the economy Production costs: the total value of the inputs (both goods and services) used in the producing of a good or service. Substitute good: this is a good or service that can replace another good or service because it satisfies the same need. Inflation: this is the general increase in the price level in an economy. I think the article has a valid argument, that oil prices, biofuels and global warming affect the price level of the food output. I agree that increased demand for food from emerging economies would drive up food prices internationally. However, I think the predictions do not take into account other factors that affect food production and energy, such as technology and innovation. If innovations in agriculture like GM foods are applied, the supply curve may be shifted to the left due to an increase in supply. Additionally, I think that biofuels would bring balance to this equation. If biofuels are properly used with other energy alternatives, they could cause a drop in the demand for oil. This drop would cause a drop in the price of oil and a drop in the cost of energy. In the end, commodities that depend on oil as an input, including food would benefit. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cultivating Innovation at IKEA Company Case Study The IKEA executive was referring to the global economic recession that affected most businesses in Europe and North America. The recession brought a decrease in consumer purchases and the reduced availability of credit financing to companies by banks. The conditions prompted companies like IKEA to become more innovative to maintain their market shares and grow new markets. In addition, the tough economic conditions, which faced customers, forced them to reconsider their intention to buy furniture and other household goods. For companies like IKEA, this was a good opportunity to bring to the market their new cost-effective designs. For a store manager, the work of changing the store layout will involve several steps. First, I will come up with a budget for the planned layout change. The budget will dictate what ideas I can incorporate into the layout change and what I will leave out as unaffordable. It will specify the cost of each new improvement to the store layout. The next step will be the solicitation of ideas from my staff, starting with supervisors and proceeding to ordinary staff. One or two customers will also get the opportunity to offer their suggestions in a discreet way. I will encourage them to give any kind of idea together with their explanations of why they think it will be dramatic. Third, I will be to select the most promising ideas that fit within the change budget. I will base the selection on cost-effectiveness and their dramatic appeal. Fourth, I will book an opportunity for implementing the store layout change. Ideally, this should be the time just before a big shopping season. Before changing, all staff will undergo a routine briefing of the importance of the unavoidable changes. I will also ask them to remain indifferent during the transition period and change suddenly when the new layout is in place. To prevent negative reactions from loyal customers after the change, I will direct marketing efforts to explain the advantages and appeal of the fresh layout. The message of the discarded lamp commercial is that sticking to furniture for a long period is not good. According to IKEA, furniture is not durable goods and should be replaced often (Griffin 421). Instead of feeling bad for the lamp, people need to recognize the opportunity to rekindle their new design thirst to go with the current trend. IKEA uses the commercial to show that it is a company, which takes seriously its commitment to set the trend for innovative designs. In addition, the company’s low-cost products make replacements less painful to the customer’s pocket. I would want to manage an IKEA store before selling products; the company is selling a lifestyle (Griffin 426). Consequently, the store has plenty of room for a manager to customize the customer experience and staff relations while still maintaining the organizational culture of IKEA. The company sees stores are part of its competencies and, therefore, takes the work of store managers seriously. Being of value to the company increases the job satisfaction level of the store manager. Moreover, the store manager serves the company’s customers directly, and the position works well for a hands-on manager type like me. A constant stream of new products makes increases the challenges of the job and makes it exciting (Griffin 427). Lastly, store management at IKEA is less stressful as there are fewer employees. Customers do most of the work while they shop, and the manager has few performance benchmarks to fulfill. Works Cited Griffin, Ricky. Management . 10th. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Newcrest Mining Firm’s Risks and Operations Case Study Heavy rains have been a key risk to the operations of Newcrest Mining Limited The firm is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as a company that engages in mining and sale of gold. However, despite its substantial success in the lucrative business of treasure, the company has faced constant challenges and risks over the last year, as a result of disruptions such as heavy rains and storms. Cost Inflation Another significant risk faced by the company is the progressive issue of cost inflation in matters relevant to labor, suppliers, and energy (Battersby 2006). All these have placed a heavy burden on the company’s operations. Labour and workforce issues Newcrest Mining faces the shortage of qualified and skilled labor force necessary for effective productivity. The capital projects in other regions have also posed great risks to the company’s operations The company also faces the risk of increased variations in production, due to the co-existence of capital projects at Lihir and Cadia Valley. These risks have seriously impacted the company’s operations and productivity These risks have intensified over the last twelve months, thus posing significant challenges to the company’s productivity operations. For instance, the company’s gold production levels have dropped substantially, and this has seriously affected its profitability and outlook in the global markets. Reference List Battersby, B 2006, ‘Does distance matter? The effect of geographic isolation on productivity levels’, OECD Economic Studies , vol.42 no.1, pp. 205. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
According to Davenport (2006), analytics is one of the key driving forces that contribute to businesses’ compatibility. Through analytics, companies are capable of understanding the current situation in their sector. Moreover, they can foresee possible shifts in customer preferences, industry trend changes, and other important factors, the knowledge of which might help align an organization’s business strategy to obtain competitive advantages. The apparel industry and the overall clothing sector are highly competitive due to the availability of multiple brands competing over customers throughout the world under globalization. The present case study essay is aimed to apply the concepts introduced by Davenport (2006) to the business operations of a Hong Kong Kong-based firm Cosmos Studio. Cosmos Studio is a fashion brand that was founded in Hong Kong and has occupied a significant niche in the local and international clothing industry. It is famous for its sustainability policy that appeals to many customers and creates a unique organizational culture and business image. Overall, analytics competitors invest much into predictive statistics and experimentation to identify the potential areas for profitmaking in the future (Davenport, 2006). The first criterion that allows for achieving successful results in business is the selection of the right focus. For Cosmos Studio, the right focus is on the utilization of environment-friendly materials and manufacturing methods to ensure that customers obtain a high-quality, sustainable product. The right culture is the second criterion that predetermines the analytics compatibility of a business. It implies that within the organization, a particular pattern of decision-making should be developed based on metrics measurement that would drive competitive advantage (Davenport, 2006). At Cosmos Studio, the organizational culture is built around the concept of high quality, standardization, and sustainability. For example, the company engages in collaboration only with manufacturers that “ensure safety and fair treatment of their employees” (Cosmos Studio, 2018, para. 3). In such a manner, the company cultivates high standards in performance and foresees customers’ perception of their brand image as a demanding company that prioritizes environmental issues. It ultimately contributes to the profitability and compatibility of the brand’s products. The right people concept implies that companies competing for analytics hire professionals in analytics to ensure high-quality work in this field. As the overview of Cosmos Studio’s performance shows, the company does not invest much in hiring analytics professionals or competing over talents in this area. However, the organization’s CEOs implement analytical methods to identify sustainability trends and environmental ethics in the fashion industry (Cosmos Studio, 2018). In such a manner, the qualified individuals allow the firm to obtain valuable data on profitable and competitive strategies in the business. The right technology involves the choice of advanced technological data analysis software that allows businesses to collect, process, and interpret a large amount of valuable data for sector analysis. In Cosmos Studio’s case, the company does not prioritize advanced technology for analytics but invests in necessary technologies to ensure the right decision-making of the business strategies and process alignment with the most recent trends, profitable target market, and product placement. In conclusion, the application of Davenport’s (2006) concepts of the right focus, the right culture, the right people, and the right technology to the operations of Cosmos Studio allows for summarizing that the company is a strong analytics competitor. Although the company does not invest much in hiring analytics professionals and advanced technologies, the culture and focus on sustainability and environmental issues allow the company to obtain a competitive advantage in the fashion industry. References Davenport, T. H. (2006). Competing on analytics. Harvard Business Review, 84 (1), 98–107. Cosmos Studio. (2018). Cosmos [Data set]. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Data Collection of Read Team Attack Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Evaluation 3. Pieces of Evidence 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction This data collection plan tends to investigate the penetration testing attack conducted by the Read Team and make conclusions from it. The situation should be evaluated first to understand the main vectors of the attack. Then, the environment should be analyzed to collect all possible evidence from the work office of the Sifers-Grayson company. All weaknesses, vulnerabilities, and lessons learned from the attack will be described in conclusion to show the results of this penetration testing. Evaluation The Red Team conducted the attack from different sides. Penetration testing is used to detect all kinds of vulnerabilities present in the company (Kao et al., 2018). In that way, three primary attack vectors can be identified. * Direct network penetration: the Red Team found the vulnerability in the company’s internal network. They used it to steal all design documents and source code for the test vehicle. * Test vehicle control: hackers obtained control over the test vehicle by installing the malware to a PROM burner of the DevOps working station. After that, they managed to install the malware onto the AX10, a company’s test vehicle. In that way, the Red Team seized control over the vehicle. * Direct infiltration of the Red Team members into the company: the member of the Red Team infiltrated into the company, pretending to be part of the Sifers-Grayson’s engineering team. The actual engineers readily accepted them, as they were kind and friendly, and opened RFID-key protected doors for them. They used this situation to install the keylogger spyware of the USB flash drives of the employees to steal their personal information. The Red Team members sent phishing emails using the names of employees. Emails contained videos with cats, business news, and sports events; all three videos were inaccessible. They were used only for clicks, after which the Red Team collected IP addresses. Pieces of Evidence For each of the three attack vectors, specific pieces of evidence should be collected and then evaluated. * For the direct network penetration, pieces of evidence are the computer memory and the programs found there. After evaluating the situation, computer hard drives and RAM should be collected and analyzed to find all malware programs (Varol & Sonmez, 2017). Network and firewall logs should be collected to understand how the network vulnerabilities were exploited; along with that, all cloud storage of the company, such as Dropbox, should be examined (Raja Sree & Mary Saira Bhanu, 2020). All collected memory data, network, and firewall logs should be analyzed in a safe place. * For test vehicle hacking, the evidence is the vehicles themselves and the DevOps station memory. At first, the vehicle itself should be investigated; then, all instructions which were sent to them should be collected as digital evidence (Harbawi & Varol, 2017). Both the digital evidence and results of the vehicle investigation should be analyzed further. * For the direct infiltration of the Red Team members into the company, evidence should be collected from at least three points of view. First, all company’s USB drives should be connected as pieces of evidence and investigated then; along with that, email boxes should be checked to find phishing emails, which is another evidence. Second, employees from the engineering team should be interviewed on the subject of phishing emails or suspicious “team members” in the company. Conclusion To protect themselves from the actual hacker attack, the Sifers-Grayson company should clearly understand all vulnerabilities discovered and take actions to fix them. According to the three vectors of attack, there are three specific vulnerabilities. * The company’s internal network is highly unprotected, as the Red Team was able to hack it quite easily. * The vulnerabilities in the DevOps station, which allows controlling the objects such as drones directly, are perhaps the most dangerous. * Employees of the company were easily fooled, which should be considered as the vulnerability: it was shown by examples with infiltration and phishing emails. References Harbawi, M., & Varol, A. (2017). An improved digital evidence acquisition model for the Internet of Things forensic I: A theoretical framework . 2017 5th International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security (ISDFS) . Web. Kao, D. Y., Wang, Y. S., Tsai, F. C., & Chen, C. H. (2018). Forensic analysis of network packets from penetration test toolkits. 2018 20th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT) . Web. Raja Sree, T., & Mary Saira Bhanu, S. (2020). Data collection techniques for forensic investigation in cloud . Digital Forensic Science . Web. Varol, A., & Sonmez, Y. U. (2017). Review of evidence analysis and reporting phases in digital forensics process. 2017 International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK) . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This is because I highly value information and the role that information plays in ensuring that the business organisation is able to work towards achieving its objectives. My passion for information security arises from the fact that information is an important business asset and therefore, should be properly safe guarded (Vacca, 2010). A study on information security and in particular user’s responsibility in enhancing information security is significant because it can have practical application in a real world business setting. Business organisations can apply the findings and other information contained in this study for the purpose of improving their own information security (Vacca, 2010). Business organisations can for instance apply the use of information contained in this study to assess and analyse the responsibility of users in ensuring that business information is secure. In addition to that, the findings of the study and the information contained in the study can be very instrumental as far as effective policy making is concerned (Vacca, 2010). Business organisations can apply the use of the study findings to put in place effective policies that will ensure that business information is properly safeguarded. There are various benefits that can be realised through this research both to me as a student and to the people or organisations that might come across this research. On my part, this research will enable me to have a deeper understanding of some of the underlying issues that affect information security and in particular the responsibility of users in ensuring that information is secure. This will help me in my future endeavours as a will be in a better position to apply this knowledge in a real world situation. Another advantage that is applicable in an organisational setting is that this study will ensure that the users, including both the employees and management, appreciate the value of information, and ensure that information is properly handled and safeguarded (Quigley, 2005). As a consequence of proper handling of information among employees, the assets of the business organization, that directly deal with handling and processing of information are more likely to be properly handled and safeguarded. This ensures that the business saves money that would otherwise have gone into repairing or replacing assets, which might have been damaged as a result of improper handling. Whitman & Mattord (2010) notes that proper handling of information will result to enhanced accuracy and reliability of the information. This will in turn result to proper decision making because the managerial function of the business will be furnished with adequate, accurate and reliable information from which they can base their managerial decisions. The final advantage that can be realised through this research is that the research can result in the improvement of information security and other issues that directly affect information security in the organisational setting. This is because the research aims at establishing the role of users in enhancing information security. Therefore, it will highlight the ways through which users can use to ensure that organizational information is properly safeguarded and highlight the shortcomings in user behaviour that might result to a breach in information security (Whitman & Mattord, 2010). This therefore can be applied by users themselves and the organisations that they work for in order for them to enhance overall information security. References Quigley, M. (2005). Information Security and Ethics: Social and Organizational Issues . New Hampshire: Idea Group. Vacca, J.R. (2010). Managing Information Security . San Francisco: SYNGRESS. Whitman, M.E., & Mattord, H.J. (2010). Management of Information Security . New York: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Project Planning Tools Comparison Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Gantt chart 3. PERT charts 4. Charts’ building comparison 5. References Introduction Project planning is the activity of determining the stages to complete a project, the timeframe, and the resources to be used. Several tools have been developed, which in most cases complement each other. Common tools used are the Gantt chart, PERT chart, and Critical Path Method (CPM) which is mathematically based, network analysis for determining flexibility, the essay discusses the Gantt and PERT charts. Gantt chart Defined by Sadhan (2001), as a graphical tool that is used to visualize, schedule, and track scheduled and actual progress of projects, they are so named after the developer, Henry Gantt who developed them in the 1910s. It portrays the time dependency of the activities of a project basing on the calendar. It is used to represent the phases and activities of a project work breakdown structure and utilizes a bar chart that shows the project schedule, considering the beginning and the end dates of the project activities. This involves the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, where the horizontal axis shows the entire duration of the project, which can be divided into manageable time units, the vertical axis shows the activities that make up the project. The tool is therefore simple and provides a good representation of milestones and resource schedule relationship with time. The tool is suitable for small projects; however, projects with more than two dozen activities require several sheets of paper, hence making Gantt charts impractical for such projects. Moreover, they relay limited information, therefore; can give a misguided judgment on a delayed project. The Gantt chart is limited by the inability to show different scheduling possibilities in the same chart and any alteration to the schedule means redrawing the entire Gantt chart, which is a resource and time-consuming. PERT charts According to Sadhan (2001), PERT is an acronym for Program Evaluation and Review Technique, these charts were first developed in the 1950s, for the management of complicated projects where a lot of dependencies exist between the project tasks as explained by (Parker 2007), such as some activities being performed sequentially while being in parallel with other activities. PERT is a network-based model that can contribute to a lesser time to develop the project at a lesser cost. Tasks are represented with the lines while the nodes represent the milestones. Incremental numbering is used on nodes such that the start node has the lowest number. PERT development is a process that involves recognizing the tasks and milestones, sequence establishing, network diagram construction, duration estimation, establishing the critical path, and requisite adjustments. The PERT shows the critical PERT and activities with slack time, expected project completion date as well as activities beginning and end dates, there is the probability of project completion before the expected date. Conversely, PERT presupposes uniform distribution of time estimates, hence being subjective (Kerzner 2009). Charts’ building comparison Gantt charts were developed for a sample project using Ms. Visio 2007 and Ms. Project 2007 and PERT charts of the same project were built using Ms. Visio 2007 and Ms. Project 2007. Since Gantt charts emphasize time rather than task relationships, they are simpler to build, (Mingus 2001), concerning PERT charts which focus on relationships between tasks, and dependencies have to be considered. As regards recommendations and reasons, PERT charts are recommended as they can be used for complex projects, without using several sheets of paper, while considering the dependencies that exist between different activities or tasks of the project. References Kerzner, H (2009). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling . Hoboken :John Wiley & Sons. Mingus, N. (2001). Alpha Teach Yourself Project Management in 24 Hours. San Antonio: Alpha. Parker, D. (2007). Visualizing Information with Microsoft Office Visio 2007 . New York: McGraw-Hill. Sadhan,C. (2001). Project Management . Gujarat: Tata Mcgraw Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The person is a virtual orientation of business functionality to align with existing setups but cannot be defined by emotional and perceptual qualities. A corporation can also be defined as an entity that involves 2 or more people authorized by law and approved by the state government to act as a legal person in business and other activities with personal powers, duties, and liabilities. The corporation may also be a group of people working together with individualized capabilities to take legal action against irregularities and handle responsibilities like a person. Furthermore, the personification allows the corporations to raise money through shares in order to increase the capital of the business. The shareholders are protected against personal claims since the corporation’s chances of having its resource limits damages or debts. In case the shareholders commit fraud, then they suffer the damages or debts. This aspect of corporations functions as an individual entity within business borrowing and transactions where the responsibilities are equaled to those of a person willing to hire services. Once the shareholders of corporations vote for the board-of-directors as per the organizational laws, they choose the main staff and hire the topmost managers. It is a requirement to hold annual meetings of the shareholders and board members. In the case of private business corporations, such information as the name of a business and amount of stock to be issued must be included. Some other corporations organized by and for religion, education, charity, and other public services do not make profits. Since a corporate person harbors the responsibilities to make successful deals in a court and recover from any presumed failure, he cannot give up on the strategic approaches able to render all services. Response I do not think that the sorts of personal, ethical, and psychological evaluations exactly obscure deeper structural issues with moralistic statements. Ideally, obscuring a moralistic view is not the main focus of imagination. This agreement is based mainly on the personification of corporations. The personification is aimed at allowing the business to operate in all ways that an individual can. It allows the corporations to operate within the core business setups where people own them under the governance and standards stipulated. In this manner, the corporations can be charged for failing to meet various requirements stipulate by the national, local, and state regulations. From an ethical perspective, the corporation is personified to take individual responsibilities with respect to the standards set nationally or internationally. In essence, whereas individuals may be understood on their capabilities to explain issues, the corporation cannot deliver similar insight without human intervention. In this respect, some of the personification may not abide by the qualities of a regular human being in business. The film only offers a metaphorical perspective, and the personification cannot be taken literary to obscure a moralistic view since the persona is not real. However, the psychopath aspect of corporations pointed out is debatable. To some extent, multinational corporations are under immense pressure to perform. However, the corporations have various loopholes that can apply to foster improvements without external pressure, which limits the psychopath argument. However, the film convinces the audience that corporations operate like individuals in all business perspectives. Works Cited “ The Corporation – Full Movie. ” Youtube . TulsaLiberty, 2011. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nelson Mandela’s Speech from the Dock Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Mandela and Nationalism 3. Mandela’s Speech at the Dock 4. Principles and Practice of Apartheid 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Nelson Mandela rose at a critical time in the history of South Africa. After being elected to the office in 1948, the Nationalist Party initiated a racial segregation policy of apartheid. This led to resentment of the repressive laws, and some African leaders were arrested while others got killed by the authorities. Of great importance was the apprehension of Mandela that further awakened the clamor for independence in the Africans especially after delivering a speech on the trial day, in his defense. As evident, Mandela’s address highlighted the injustices of the segregationist regime against Africans. Mandela and Nationalism At the center of struggle for independence in South Africa was a great nationalist, Nelson Mandela. In his youthful days, he grew up in Transkei and spent quality time with his elders listening to their folk tales (Mandela 2). The traditional stories which he was told inspired in him the strong desire to defend his fatherland. Later, in his political life after joining African National Congress (ANC), he helped in the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe, a radical wing of the ANC party (Mandela 1). Mandela became the driver of ANC resisters by acquiring driver’s license in March 1952 (Harms 578). He was arrested in 1962 and later tried in 1964 alongside other nineteen leaders of ANC by the segregationist government for their substantive roles against apartheid policies (Mandela 1). Remarkably, Mandela’s efforts awakened nationalism among the indigenous people of South Africa. Mandela’s Speech at the Dock Oratory skills were evident from Mandela’s speech right at the onset of his defense statement to the end of his presentation. In fact, historians contend that the discourse was the best among the addresses he ever gave. The actual audience to whom this particular speech was directed was the presiding judge in his case as he kept on referring to the honorific word “My Lord” (Mandela 1). From further analysis of the talk, the intended target audience was the apartheid regime that was oppressing the indigenous Africans. The reason as to why Mandela could be viewed as addressing the government was because his articulation justified the reason as to why he through his organization resorted to ferocity despite their strong adherence to non-violence policies (Mandela 3). Moreover, Mandela ends his speech by reaffirming the ideals which he stood for and his preparedness to die for them. Unarguably, he was presenting the grievances of his African people to the government and at the same time communicating the importance equality to all races. Again, choosing to speak for long by Mandela during his trial is an indication of clear objectives, his speech was to achieve. He knew quite well that as they had been charged, the authorities had powers to corroborate all the evidence it had against them for purposes of prosecution. Therefore, he was informing the government and the world, of the atrocities that had been committed against them as the South African natives. Nevertheless, the court allowed him to proceed with making his case because it was the opportune moment that the judicature had granted Mandela to defend himself as an accused person. Evidently, the long speech served his purpose of justifying his actions and explaining the course he championed. There are different themes regarding Mandela’s “I Am Prepared to Die” famous speech. Mandela’s defense on the misdeeds he was accused of by the regime is one of the arguments that was evident in the speech. Although he firstly admitted that he organized the sabotage and committed violence he then refuted claims of instigating attacks against persons in the country (Mandela 3). His defense was based on the ideals of democracy, autonomy, peaceful-coexistence and equality for all (Mandela 15). Additionally, Mandela argues on the plight of the indigenous South African people. He speaks of the poor working conditions, the killings and the repressive policies which the Africans have been subjected (Mandela 14). Mandela was guided by the need to attract both national and international sympathy and therefore persuade them to champion for equality in South Africa. As evident, the main arguments in the speech were defense against the charges, and the plight of the native Africans under the apartheid regime. Principles and Practice of Apartheid Mandela’s speech is of great importance in understanding the principles and practice of apartheid . First, Africans were invariably under police surveillance through the pass laws (Mandela 13). Secondly, the indigenous South African children got deprived of opportunity to acquire education (Mandela 13). Thirdly, the non-white workers were receiving poor pay for their labour (Mandela 14). Moreover, apartheid policies segregated black inhabitants from the cities by moving them to suburb townships (Iliffe 282). Truly, Mandela’s speech captures the fundamental concepts in which the segregationist policies were grounded. Conclusion In summary, Nelson Mandela’s speech was a great tool in emancipation of the African masses from the colonial atrocities. Mandela’s liberation ideals and beliefs were acquired while still a young man in Transkei, South Africa. With his great eloquence, Mandela addressed the apartheid regime indirectly while justifying his actions. Interestingly, the court allowed him enough time to argue his case. Mandela’s mentioning of atrocities of the oppressive government helped further in discrediting the regime’s reputation before the international community. Therefore, the famous speech served the important purpose of disclosing the principles and practice of apartheid to the whole world. Works Cited Iliffe, John. Africans: “Industrial and Race in South Africa, 1886-1994.” The History of a Continent , 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp.273-287. Mandela, Nelson. “I Am Prepared To Die”. The Supreme Court of South Africa. Opening of the Defense Case in the Rivonia Trial, 20 th Apr. 1964, Palace of Justice, Pretoria. Defense Statement. Harms, Robert. “Struggles For Political Independence, 1940-1968.” Africa in Global History with Sources , WW Norton, 2018, pp.577-584. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Art of Being a Leader in Today’s Army Essay In today’s Army facing the geopolitical challenges as well multiple socially-based issues, the art of being a leader includes multiple aspects. These aspects include possessing essential qualities and values, organizational abilities, communicational skills, ability to win subordinates’ trust, decision-making skills, ability to create the climate of participation and dedication to the mission, technical competences, and many more. The following paper aims at making a detailed overview of the quality leadership in today’s Army. First of all, the art of being the best Army leader goes hand in hand with the essential qualities and values that the person should posses including charisma, dedication, commitment, patriotism, heroism, strategic thinking, and duty (Allen, 2015). All these qualities and beliefs will help the Army leader carry out the set mission and serve the country and Army interests selflessly (Johannes, 2015). Moreover, these are the values that will help the leader put the nation’s welfare ahead of the personal wellbeing and safety and that one of the troops (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Next, the art of being a leader in today’s Army implicates the ability to organize the subordinates with an objective to perform the set tasks timely and proficiently (Fallesen, Keller-Glaze, & Curnow, 2011). This ability includes such sub-skills as motivation, inspiration, and commitment development in the subordinates (Fallesen et al., 2011). It also deals with the accountability matters. As such, the leader should be skilled in raising the sense of accountability in one’s subordinates to ensure the high degree promptitude to obeying of among them (Fallesen et al., 2011). Further, an effective Army leader possesses an essential skill of communicating the set task to the subordinates (Johannes, 2015). One should know how to give orders in a clear and concise manner (Johannes, 2015). Moreover, the person is to be competent in communicating with all types of subordinates who come from different educational and cultural backgrounds. Keeping the subordinates informed is the key component for success (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Here, the competence with the growing popularity in today’s secular world, which is the emotional intelligence, can implement. This competence implicates the ability to evaluate and manage other people’s emotions as well as one’s own emotions when it is needed for a certain goal accomplishment (Khan, 2014). Another vital trait for the outstanding leader in today’s Army is the ability to win the subordinates’ trust and have the unconditional authority among them (Fischer & Garn, 2014). To achieve this goal, the leader should be the model example for the subordinates and demonstrate outstanding integrity (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Integrity in the context of military science means being upright and honest, living the values one promotes to the subordinates, and avoiding deception (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Besides, the art of being the great leader in today’s Army is about the ability to create the climate of participation and dedication to the mission among the subordinates (Allen, Bynum, Oliver, Russell, Young, & Babin, 2014). To do so, the leader should be the example of courage and patriotism on one’s own and should be charismatic enough to transfer this spirit to one’s subordinates (Allen et al., 2014). In addition, one will need to build mutual trust, respect, and confidence in all members of one’s unit (Allen et al., 2014). The exemplary Army leader is also technically and tactically proficient (Khan, 2014). One should have outstanding proficiency in using the technical means the unit is supplied with. Since the leader’s task is to facilitate the training process as well as ensure 100% effectiveness during the military development, one’s obligation is to have excellent technical skills. Another aspect is the tactical proficiency. The enemy’s tactical innovation should not be underestimated. The history has many lessons of how tactic implemented more effectively than the quantity and troops equipment status. Therefore, today’s Army leader will need to engage in the constant process of improving one’s tactical proficiency (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Decision-making is another key competence that effective Army leader should possess (Allen et al., 2014). The decisions made should be timely and sound (Allen et al., 2014). They also requite sufficient strategic preparation (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Further, genuine interest in subordinates will by all means contribute to the success of the Army leader (Fischer & Garn, 2014). The person should know each subordinate and seek for his or her personal interests when it is applicable (Fischer & Garn, 2014). Such attitude does not only improve the performance on the unit, but it saves thousands of lives (Allen et al., 2014). When the leader and soldiers trust each other and establish respectful relationships, the probability of withstanding in the times of extreme difficulty doubles (Allen et al., 2014). To sum up, it should be noted that contemporary army faces multiple challenges due to the extremely complicated geo-political situation and technological progress achieved by the rivalry armies. To effectively fulfill the tasks set, the skilled and highly proficient leaders with organizational abilities, communicational skills, decision-making skills, and patriotic values are required. References Allen, C. D. (2015). Ethics and Army leadership: Climate matters. Parameters, 45 (1), 69-83. Allen, M. T., Bynum, B. H., Oliver, J. T., Russell, T. L., Young, M. C., & Babin, N. E. (2014). Predicting leadership performance and potential in the U.S. Army officer candidate school (OCS). Military Psychology, 26 (4), 310-326. Fallesen, J. J., Keller-Glaze, H., & Curnow, C. K. (2011). A selective review of leadership studies in the U.S. Army. Military Psychology, 23 (5), 462. Fischer, M. V., & Garn, A. C. (2014). A qualitative examination of Army leadership development and physical training. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85 (1), 42-57. Johannes, J. K. (2015). Developing small-unit leadership in the U.S. Army corps of engineers. Engineer, 45 (2), 35-36. Khan, M. (2014). Army and civilian leadership and zarb-e-azb. Defence Journal, 18 (3), 19-22. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Christian Reconquest of Iberian Peninsula Essay Introduction Authored and published in 1993 by Bernard Reilly, The Medieval Spains covers a wide range of topics that are not only relevant to teachers but also students in learning institutions around the world. The topics and chapters of this book are systematically organized and discussed in the context of medieval history. The author further adopts both thematic and chronological approaches in realizing his intended purpose. The book was published by Cambridge University Press, a reputable publisher in the history of academic publishing. The seven chapters of the book are detailed to serve as reference material in medieval discoveries and history. This essay reviews the fourth chapter of the book, which covers The Christian Reconquista and African Empire . To achieve this task, the author’s critical issues in the chapter have been synthesized in a concise way that gives clarity to the ideas and discoveries. Under this topic, different theories have been developed to enhance the in-depth understanding of the study topic. Some of the areas covered include but are not limited to the savaging of the al-Andalus, proliferation of Christian kingdoms, the assault of Murabit Iberia, early societal structures, and the culture of Iberian people during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Christian reconquest of Iberian Peninsula According to Reilly, Reconquista was characterized by the military invasion that was led by Christian rules with the aim of capturing the Iberian Peninsula. However, it is essential to note that the conquest was mainly inclined against Muslims, also known as the Moors, from 718 to 1492. During this time, there was a significant change that took place, affecting population patterns and stability. In this chapter, Reilly is convinced that the battles of 711 led to the capture of some regions as the military war further contributed to Visigoth kingdoms’ end (Reilly 90). As mentioned above, the Reconquista had immense effects, especially about societal structures and organization. Although military wars purely dominated the period, repopulation was a common phenomenon as most people got united based on specific aspects of their lives. In seeking safer places for human habitation, most Christian kings and leaders considered relocating to regions that had been abandoned to promote border security through a high population. This caused repopulation in most regions as kings focused on their people’s security against any form of intrusion from external forces. Although several areas were viewed to have experienced repopulation, Reilly notes that the Douro, the Ebro valley, and the central part of Catalonia (Reilly 90). According to Reilly, these shifts were geared towards gaining equilibrium between Islam and Christianity. As a result, society witnessed enormous reorganizations of people and society. The influx of displaced people from strained relationships also contributed towards the increase of people in some regions and the fall of population numbers in others. As mentioned above, the Duero Basin was among the pieces of land which were left because of war. As a result, the land attracted most peasant farmers who moved to the region to carry out farming activities. He further argues that some of the decisions taken were triggered by Asturian laws (Reilly 100). One of these laws was allocating land to landless people who were expected to guard it as part of their property. However, clergymen, Asturian and Galician had an opportunity to send their surveyors together with peasants who may have received working approval. As discussed in the chapter, people’s movement led to the feudalized regions like Portugal and Leon. On the contrary, Castile was only inhabited by very few peasant farmers because of the harsh climate that could not allow successful farming. Also, Castile dwellers were considered to be hopeless in Biscay. As a result, Castile was not complicated in management and was smoothly governed by a lone count. Despite this uniqueness, it had several free peasant farmers, mainly hailed from the same region (Reilly 90). As society continued to be transformed, there were several changes in terms of the impact of repopulation. Many cities and towns acquired power and status as business and population continued to rise. It is worth noting that people who contributed to the population of a town had recognized privileges that were mainly documented charters, also known as fueros (Reilly 125). One of the most recognized signs of fueros was that it gave golden opportunities for people to evade the feudal system even though these privileges were mainly granted by the monarch. This means that most town councils were independent of the monarch. In this chapter, Reilly also underscores the fact that the war against the Moors was closely associated with fighting Christianity. As a result, Iberia was fought by several orders that were given for military action. Some of the orders, including but not limited to Temple Crusades, Montesa, and Santiago. Lastly, this merging of Christians and Muslims was officially dropped by modern laws of ethics. Works Cited Reilly, Bernard. The Medieval Spains . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The migration was propelled by drought and floods on the Opium trade between the Chinese and the British. As a result, the lower-class Chinese workers moved out in search of better opportunities in different regions. The Chinese were attracted by the discovery of gold in California in 1848. Others got employed as laborers in American farms, including the booming textile trade in San Francisco and the ongoing railway expansion. However, their influx and admiration from the white employers attracted envy from white workers who saw them as a threat to their livelihood (Rotondi, 2021). Hence, the white Americans formed an anti-Chinese movement to tarnish their image as dirty and disease-ridden. The initial resistance against the Chinese started in 1875 with the enactment of the Page Act. The legislation was targeted against the immigration of Chinese women who worked as prostitutes. However, a few government officials took advantage of the law to bar all Asian women from entering America. In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act was enacted to bar laborers from entering the U.S. It was renewed in 1892 and made permanent in 1904. Rotondi (2021) states that the barring of the Chinese paved the way for more Japanese migrants. The Americans also regrouped to oppose the influx of Japanese migrants leading to the Gentleman’s agreement between the U.S. and China to limit their number. The same fate met immigrants from Korea and India. The opposition against Asian immigrants gave rise to Orientalism. As a result, the Asians were labeled Orientals, and the whites were labeled Occident. The Orientals were regarded as weak, immoral, and irrational. At that time, the Americans perceived Asians as people who could not be assimilated into the American culture, nor could they rise to be good American citizens Rotondi, 2021). The U.S. Immigration law also grouped the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, and Indians into a group of Orientals or aliens who could not become useful citizens or be naturalized. The Asians who had already entered the U.S. had to grapple with difficult moments. They faced discrimination from many quarters, including housing, education, employment, pay, use of public facilities, and union membership, among others. The Asians came together to resist the discrimination against them due to frustration and took inspiration from the Black Liberation Movement. The Asian Movement was based on the united yellow people’s power and was mainly pushed by students who desired that ethnic studies be included in the school curriculum (Wallace, 2020). The Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and the Vietnam War also inspired the growth of the Asian Movement. The movement started to take shape in the 1960s. Orientalism and the Yellow Power involved the Asians who had immigrated to the U.S.; however, they differed in several ways. Orientalism emanated from the actions of the U.S. administration through the U.S. Immigration law. It targeted Asians who intended to migrate into the country. On the other hand, Yellow Power and the Asian American consciousness were started by the Asian Americans who needed to fight racism and discrimination inside the U.S. (Wallace, 2020). Furthermore, Orientalism was supported by law, while the Yellow Power had no legal foundation. The white Americans started Orientalism, and the Yellow Power was started by the Asians living in the United States. Orientalism sought to oppress the Asians, but the Yellow Power sought to redeem the Asian Americans against social injustices in the country. References Rotondi, J. P. (2021). Before the Chinese Exclusion Act, This Anti-Immigrant Law Targeted Asian Women . HISTORY. Web. Wallace, N. (2020). Yellow Power: The Origins of Asian America . Densho: Japanese American Incarceration and Japanese Internment. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Punishment for Cyber Bullying and Online Humiliation 3. Society’s Stand on Cyber Bullying Which Results in Suicide 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction As social interactions over the internet continue to grow, many people are falling prey to cyber bullying. Bullying is any aggression that is intentional and ends up affecting the victim either psychologically or physically. The bullying behavior occurs repeatedly whereby the victim is always weaker. Social cruelty has taken a new face as internet bullying replaces the old bullying habits that could happen in the classroom, hallway, or locker room. Nowadays, bullying has become virtual with many people undergoing abuse in the form of slander, destructive messages, humiliation, and gossip that happens through instant messaging, emails, blogs, cell phones, and chat rooms (Williams and Guerra 1-2). This paper looks at what punishment is ideal for this kind of abuse and how the society prosecutes people if this form of abuse results into suicide. Punishment for Cyber Bullying and Online Humiliation The victims of cyber bullying and online humiliation often suffer from depression, ideation, suicidal attempts, and PTSD. Many young people have committed suicide as a result of online humiliation by people known to them and even strangers. This brings up the big question on what punishment should be meted on the perpetrators of cyber bullying. The New Jersey Senator, Barbara Buono endorsed the privacy law that prohibits people from intruding into other people’s privacy. Cyber bullies are thus liable to prosecution under invasion of privacy and bias intimidation whose term depends on the intensity of the offense. Cameras have been hidden in people’s dressing rooms, bedrooms and bathrooms and the images later posted online to humiliate them. Still, the law does not seem to bring the desired effect and Senator Buono said, and I quote, “No law is perfect. No law can deter every and any instance of this kind of behavior. We’re going to try to do a better job.” Unfortunately, more states are yet to set straightforward laws against cyber bullying though they are working on it. Invasion of privacy is currently a punishable crime that amounts to up to 10 years behind bars (Schwartz 13-15). Society’s Stand on Cyber Bullying Which Results in Suicide Cyber bullying cases leading to suicide have been reported in overwhelming numbers in many states. The society has been outraged at these occurrences and the prosecutors have been forced to respond though it is important that punishment befit the crime. The society has wanted bullies who lead to their victims committing suicide to be tried for manslaughter though this requires a jury’s verdict. There is a great need for the society thus to educate people on the ills of internet misuse as the states formulate laws that will prosecute the wrongdoers. Orin Kerr, a law professor at George Washington University counters this by saying that, “finding the toughest possible charges isn’t the way the law is supposed to work” (Schwartz 17). Conclusion Cyber bullying is with no doubt a serious crime that has led to the death of many young people through suicide. All states need to come up with laws prohibiting such cruelty to warn the perpetrators in advance of what befalls them if they engage in this type of crime. On the other hand, the society has a great role of educating its people on the ills of cyber bullying from an early age. Preventive interventions also need to be put in place to avert internet bullying. The anonymity that often comes with internet use has also contributed greatly to cyber bullying and service providers need to come up with more pronounced privacy settings. Works Cited Schwartz, J. “What punishment fits crime of bullying that leads to suicide?” New York Times. New York Times, 3 October 2010. Web. 17 Jan 2011. Williams, K., and Guerra, N. “Prevalence and predictions of internet bullying.” Journal of Adolescent Health 41(2007): 1-2. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Time management for nurses Essay Not only do nurses work to gain patients’ trust, but also patients expect nurses to give clinical care (physical, technical, and procedural) and personalized care. According to Dr. Groopman (2005) explains that finding time for patients by health care providers is a therapeutic process, as well as an outcome which requires time and effort. This involvement involves a process of knowing patients and a dialectic synthesis, through which they can integrate subjective and objective data (Groopman, 2005). They process information subjectively from direct observations of patients and from patients’ representations of their situations. Time management strategies that work best for nurses include analyzing the workday and prioritizing the workload. Depending on the individual situation, available resources, and safety concerns, different strategies may be selected and implemented. Time may be managed successfully through the use of checklists, delegation, planning ahead, and by dividing large projects or tasks into smaller, more manageable undertakings. However, creating time for patients by health care providers may differ depending on the practice setting. For example, in home health care, Groopman (2005) identified six time management strategies: take control of your calendar, minimize time spent in office, tame the telephone, simplify documentation, plan ahead, and save time for others. Knowing patients has been described as a complex, interpersonal process requiring a number of nursing actions. The process of perceiving /envisioning patients help nurses actively transform observations of patients’ behavior into a direct “perception of what was significant in it” (Groopman, 2005). It is important for healthcare professionals to find time for patients because of identifying their needs and to know what can be done to improve the situation (Groopman, 2005). It allows health care practitioner develop skill in understanding patients’ subjective perceptions and objective clinical status. It allows practitioners expand and revise their knowledge about patients by obtaining direct data about patients’ bodies. Furthermore, spending time with patients helps nurses to understand their concerns about fears and anxieties, their personal preferences, their styles of coping, their stressors, and how to gain their trust (Groopman, 2005). It also builds on the partnership and relationship principles of trust, respect, support, communication, and commitment. The principles of spending time with patients can be used to build all types of partnerships, not only partnership with the patients. In the health care sector, creation of time for the patients is a model that creates structures, tools, standards, and paths to accomplish the goal of healing and promoting wholeness. The impact of finding time for patients is that when patients get the responses they want, they feel good about their encounter with healthcare providers, and their need for positive interaction is satisfied. When patients feel good about their experiences, they are more willing to cooperate and are more likely to repeat their contacts with the practitioner. If their experience is negative, however, they are likely to avoid and limit further treatment. Depending on what is required to complete their care, patients’ avoidance may have very serious consequences. It may cause them to avoid getting needed help, or it may cause them to ignore the healthcare instructions they have been given. Finding time for patients is to establish a therapeutic relationship, which is directed at gaining an effective outcome from care that is centered on the person person’s needs and life perspectives. Reference Groopman, J. (2005). Finding Time for Patients. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is worth pointing out that the company does not invest in any principal marketing strategies. On the contrary, there is a keen focus on comprehending the client’s needs and how the needs can be catered for consistently. The company was established in 1986. The original restaurant was based in Virginia, Arlington. Within no time, Five Guys was recognized as Washington D.C.’s area pearl (Longenecker et al, 2011). Janie and Jerry Murrell presented two choices to their sons; to either enroll for college or initiate a business. The four sons preferred starting a restaurant. Their parents were the supervisors. By the year 2001, the family was operating five restaurants. Moreover, the company started giving franchise chances in the year 2002. Presently, more than twenty six years after initiation, the company has one thousand locations in the entire nation. The company is also planning to initiate an additional one thousand five hundred locations (Singer & Piluso, 2010). This paper aims at highlighting how the philosophy at Five Guys differs from other fast- food chains’ philosophies. In addition, the factors that contributed to the rapid growth and success, social and ethical practices, strengths, and original values will be discussed. How the Five Guys Philosophy is Different from other Fast- food Chains Quality is everything The company invests greatly in quality. The buns are usually toasted on a grill, which is quick, less expensive, and produces even toasting. Lean and unfrozen meat is provided, and the plants are fresh and clean. Moreover, burgers are made on order (Flamholtz, 2011). Employee incentives A majority of the companies dedicate their revenues towards advertisements and marketing. On the contrary, Five Guys acquires 1.5 percent profit from franchisees. In addition, it offers bonuses to the best crews. This ensures the company’s profitability. Recipe for success The company focuses on selling perfect and juicy burgers, exceptionally fresh buns, and perfect French fries. The company has stuck to the same business plan since initiation and has five secrets to its success. The customer is the best salesman Once a customer is treated well and leaves satisfied, he informs others about the company and its products. The company aims at creating the impression that all its money goes into providing perfect products. In this regard, the company does not invest in décor and impressive suits for the employees. On the contrary, these are exceptionally simple. However, the company has a keen focus on food (Ekvall & Arvonen, 1994). Every position possesses a value The management emphasizes that the clients should have a sense of accountability and ownership. The company has auditors and pays the employees depending on their performance. The company advocates for accountability among the employees. Know your best and stick to it The company is humble and listens to the customer’s requests. The company has tried other products such as coffee and chicken sandwich. It specializes on what it is best at; hamburgers and fries. Original Values and Strength Five Guys has maintained consistent values since the beginning. The company invests in high quality and fresh ingredients. In this regard, the company has identified influential and credible suppliers. Supplies are made on a daily basis. The second principle is high quality customer service. Five Guys ensures that all the clients are served professionally and with utmost courtesy. All customer requests are handled promptly and complaints are solved with crucial understanding and humility. The company ensures that cleanliness is maintained in all departments (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). For several years, Five Guys has been dedicated to offering clients with only the best. Factors that Contribute to Success and Effects of External Markets on the Factors It is worth emphasizing that the company invests in a relatively simple business plan. It ensures provision of high quality food. Five Guys has exceptional customer care services and ensures a very friendly and clean environment. The company strives to maintain the original values it had from the beginning, which have enabled the company to remain strong. The values are the customer’s importance, worthiness of employees, knowing what the company does well and specializing in it, employee incentives, and quality, which have promoted the company’s survival. Social and Ethical Practices as Part of the Culture Five Guys always ensures a friendly environment. The company benefits from the customers’ positive comments. It knows that this is the most effective marketing strategy as opposed to dedicating huge sums of money towards advertising. Satisfied customers always spread the positive word, which brings in more customers. Five Guys ensures that all customer complaints are handled promptly. There are hardly any complaints. Customers are also given an opportunity to voice their suggestions. This ensures that the products match the customers’ requirements. The company makes products on order basis. This ensures that the ingredients used match the customer’s preferences. References Boone, L. E. & Kurtz, D. L. (2012). Contemporary business (14th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Ekvall, G., & Arvonen, J. (1994). Leadership profiles, situation and effectiveness. Creativity and Innovation Management, 3 (3), 139-161. Flamholtz, E. G. (2011). The leadership molecule hypothesis: implications for entrepreneurial organizations. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 9 , 1-23. Longenecker, J. G., J William Petty, I. I., Palich, L. E., & Hoy, F. (2011). Small business management: Launching & growing entrepreneurial ventures. London: South-Western Pub. Singer, J., & Piluso, J. (2010). Five tools to prepare for future discontinuities. Strategy & Leadership, 38 (1), 17-21. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Concept Map 2. Importance of Learning Theories 3. Balanced Approach 4. References Concept Map The conceptualization of the learning principles and the four-cueing model are critical for the understanding of the required components and the interdependence between them during the teaching process. In this instance, Figure 1 depicts the correlation between the systems while proposing a sequence of steps, which have a beneficial impact on reading and writing instruction in the class. Figure 1. Conceptualization of four cueing systems. In this case, Figure 1 represents the elements of the cueing systems while depicting some of the critical components, which form their structure. For instance, cultural aspects and self-reflection signify the pragmatic system, and these levels are emphasized by orange due to its importance. Meanwhile, the next levels portray the potential activities, which can encourage the development of this aspect. It is apparent that some of the matters are not enclosed due to the interdependency of the selected features and the possibility to cover them in one activity simultaneously. For example, the usage of discussions and listening centers could have a beneficial impact on phoneme and semantics as the students will be able to discover new words and determine whether the story or event is applicable in the selected context. Importance of Learning Theories The role of the learning theories cannot be underestimated, as they have a tendency to portray the learning process from dissimilar perspectives. Nowadays, the most common tactics are represented by behaviorism, cognitive, humanistic, and social approaches (Leonard, 2002). In this case, the humanistic theory highlights the significance of emotional stability and personal traits in learning (Bates, 2015). Meanwhile, it could be said that the cognitive theory depicts the learning process from a dissimilar perspective while referring it to the neurological impulses (Gould, 2012). Furthermore, the social strategy reflects it from the side of human interactions due to the critical role of the human in the society (Jordan, Carlile, & Stack, 2008). In turn, the theories could be actively utilized in the classroom to enhance the learning processes while increasing the effectiveness of the learning activities. Meanwhile, these practices could be actively used in the assessment of the students by using observations and checklists. In this case, the observations have a reflection of the behaviorism theory, as the primary emphasis is the changes in the behavior of the learners. Lastly, various activities could be introduced, which require actions and discussions to determine how children act. Balanced Approach In turn, the balanced approach is often applied in the classroom settings, and the primary goal of this section is to portray its audial, visual, and kinesthetic experience among the students. Firstly, the balanced approach implies a combination of writing and reading techniques to cultivate the understanding of the particular words and letters in the context while paying equal attention to each component simultaneously (Cohen & Cowen, 2007; Tompkins, 2013). In this case, the observer will be able to see various words displayed on the screen in front of the children with the visual representation of their meanings in the form of images. Meanwhile, each student has a workbook to practice writing of new words and reading texts. The discussion of the questions after the reading, personal stories, and pronunciation of new words could be heard in the classroom. Lastly, the observer will experience the friendly atmosphere as the children happily share their ideas and experiences without being scared of making mistakes. References Bates, B. (2015). Learning theories simplified. New York, NY: SAGE Publishers. Cohen, V., & Cowen, J. (2007). Literacy for children in an information age: Teaching, reading, writing, and thinking. Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth. Gould, J. (2012). Learning theory and classroom practice in the lifelong learning sector. New York, NY: SAGE Publishers. Jordan, A., Carlile, O., & Stack, A. (2008). Approaches to learning: A guide to teachers. Berkshire, UK: Open University Press. Leonard, D. (2002). Learning theories: A to Z. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. Tompkins, G. (2013). Literacy for the 21 st century: A balanced approach . New York, NY: Pearson Education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Information Sharing and Analysis Centers Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Goals of ISACs 3. Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center 4. Oil and Natural Gas Information Sharing and Analysis Center 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) are industry-specific organizations focusing on gathering data on technology vulnerabilities, risks, and solutions. ISACs are formed by the owners and operators of critical infrastructures. ISACs gather, analyze, and disseminate information associated with these infrastructures (National Council of ISACs, 2020). The Goals of ISACs ISACs should have a range of characteristics that allow them to protect information concerning a certain infrastructure. For example, it provides 24/7 protection from threats and has a reporting system (Radvanovsky & McDougall, 2013). It collects data from different sources and promotes sharing this information between the ISAC members. According to the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (2017), ISACs can be divided into three groups: country-focused, sector-specific, and international. Moreover, they can refer to such fields, as maritime, nuclear, health, automotive, and others. Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center The first ISAC that will be analyzed in this paper is the Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center (E-ISAC). E-ISAC “provides its members and partners a protection against various threats to the North American electricity industry” (North American Electric Reliability Corporation, n.d.). The ISAC is operated by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and has a portal allowing the data exchange between the members who report on physical threats, such as vandalism, gunfire damage, meteorological events, and eco-terrorist, among other dangers. Oil and Natural Gas Information Sharing and Analysis Center Another ISAC is the Oil and Natural Gas Information Sharing and Analysis Center. It protects the critical infrastructure against insider threats, malware, and data breaches. In 2016, it responded to 290 cyber attacks, 59 of which were within the energy sector (ONG-ISAC, n.d.). It uses the Traffic Light Protocol to share the information between members, which makes the sharing secure. Only the members of ONG-ISAC receive the information classified as Red, Amber, and Green. Others can receive information marked as TLP White. Conclusion Both ISACs reviewed aim to protect specific energy infrastructures against cyber threats. They seem to be successful, as they are reported to have a wide range of functions that provide an ISAC’s efficiency. Both of them are concerned about an opportunity for a secure data exchange between the members. Both ISACs hold webinars and have bulletins for their members. However, E-ISAC seems to have a wider range, as it reports not only on cyber attacks but on physical threats as well. References American Public Transportation Association. (2013). Information Sharing and Analysis Center. Web. European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) (2017). Information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs). Web. National Council of ISACs (2020) . ISACs are member-driven organizations, delivering all-hazards threat and mitigation information to asset owners and operators. Web. North American Electric Reliability Corporation (n.d.). Electricity information sharing and analysis center . Web. Radvanovsky, R. S., & McDougall, A. (2013). Critical infrastructure: Homeland security and emergency preparedness (3rd ed.). CRC Press. Oil and Natural Gas Information Sharing Center (n.d.). Protecting critical infrastructure. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Major Failures of Apple Inc Research Paper Introduction Apple is a fortune 500 company with a world-class reputation. However, many obstacles stand on their way to a more prosperous future. Major failures To begin with, environmental concerns from its use of toxic minerals like Mercury and Lead form the most important shortfalls of the Apple Company. The company has on several occasions been accused of not being keen at recycling its old products leading to environmental degradation. However, the company’s policy is very silent on waste recycling and even internal customers and external customers, as well as shareholders, have not been informed about the desired greener initiatives of the firm. Additionally, it is worth noting that there are no uniform means of verifying recycling initiatives within the communication industry itself (A greener Apple, 2012). Secondly, the complexity of Apple’s supply chain and its poor forecasting of customers’ demands is another area of concern. For instance, in 1995, the company tried to enforce a conservative inventory strategy to limit itself from being pressed with excess stock for the Macs PC. This resulted in massive market share losses with orders backlogging to an estimated $ 1 billion, which the company could not supply (Supply chain digest, 2006). Thirdly, there is overdependence on external suppliers’ efficiency for most of its important raw materials and parts. For example, when parts suppliers’ delivery complications developed in 1995, the company could not fulfill its customers’ demands. This resulted in a major blow during the festive season which led to increased lawsuits by stakeholders, sacking of the Chief Executive Officer, which led to a dramatic fall in market share prices (Supply chain digest, 2006). Fourthly, there is a potential failure due to the wrong pricing strategy of products. For instance, Apple Lisa, the introductory price was $10,000 in 1983. Even though it was an impressive innovation, the target customers could not afford it. Within only two years, the product was already replaced in the market without recovering its investment cost (Digital trends, 2012). The fifth concern is the unreliability of Apple’s products’ quality. For instance, when Apple III was introduced in 1980, the company had to replace almost 14000 units as they did not have in-built fans, thereby cramping interior chips. In response, the company redesigned and re-priced this product but customers had already developed a negative attitude (Digital trends, 2012). Another example was the Pippin introduced in 1995. It was also considered unaffordable and problematic, yet double priced compared to competitors’ game consoles from Nintendo, Sega, and Sony. This was rated the top wrong step of Apple Company (Digital trends, 2012; Apple annual report, 2011). Another concern is the performance of Apple products. For example, the Apple USB mouse had a poor grip, represented a blurred button, and therefore suffered from quality control defects. The mouse did not perform as was expected concerning its price. More so, there was the power Mac G4 cube which was devoid of a cooling fan and was outdated within a year of introduction. Even the iPod Hi-Fi lacked an in-built radio and a holding strap and therefore could not withstand market criticisms (Digital trends, 2012). Finally, most Apple products lacked proper design and had limited product features. For example, Apple Television was criticized for having limited storage capacity. In 2007, the 40 GB hard drive installed in the Apple television was considered too small compared to its original pricing of the price of $ 229. In addition, the poor framework of Copland reduced its compatibility modes, thereby resulting in numerous errors (Digital trends, 2012). References 1. Apple annual report, (2011). Apple Inc.: Form 10K. 2. Apple Inc., (2012). A greener Apple . 3. Digital trends, (2012). Apple’s worst products and biggest failures . 4. Supply chain digest, (2006). The 11 greatest supply chain disasters , 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Importance of Market Segmentation Essay Introduction Market segmentation is a method that is used to manage a larger market. It involves the division of the larger market into smaller subsets. These subsets have an internal homogeneity where the buyers within them have common needs for goods and services. They also show the same buying behaviour. Buyers in different subsets exhibit different needs and therefore it can be concluded that these subsets have an external homogeneity (Hutt & Thomas, 2002). Different criteria can be used to divide the market into subsets. These may include geographic boundaries, demographic divisions or even psychographic profiles. The segments that are developed should be viable in such a way that they result in the profitability of an organization. They should also be accessible and measurable such that data can be obtained from them easily for analysis. This will ensure that their profitability is checked progressively. Advantages and disadvantages of segmentation When a company uses segmentation, it is bound to experience both its advantages and disadvantages. One of its advantages is that the needs of the customers are matched well. This is because segmentation may result in the division of the market according to the needs of the buyers. This will ensure that the needs of each subset are identified and therefore met in the best possible way. Another advantage is that it may also result in retaining more customers. Customers are dynamic in the way they interact with the market. The different subsets ensure that if such changes occur, the needs of a customer are still met by a different subset. This will ensure that the customers do not switch to other products (Malcolm & Ian, 2004). Segmentation also allows the company to know how it is viewed by its customers. This is important since it will enable the business to make changes where necessary to be able to satisfy its customers more. Another advantage is that it offers a platform for growth. When segmentation is carried out effectively, it increases sales and this will result in the growth of the company. The disadvantages that are associated with segmentation include neglecting other segments in the market. This may be a result of concentrating on a particular segment. This results in the competitors taking advantage of the isolated segments and therefore losses for the company (Robert, 2006). Another disadvantage comes when the market is over segmented. This is by having very small segments such that they cannot be assessed in terms of their profitability to the company. This may also result in losses being incurred by the company. Linking segmentation and other marketing mix elements Segmentation can easily be linked with other marketing mix elements such as promotional activities. This is because the needs of the segments are identified beforehand. For example, if a segment consists of customers of a given age group, the advertisements that will be done within this particular segment will take into account their age. This ensures that the intended message is received and understood well and results in making the marketing of the products effective and easy. The intended message is also delivered to the intended recipients. Conclusion Segmentation is therefore important since when it is well carried out it results in the profitability of the company. It is seen that its disadvantages come about as a result of poor segmentation and not from its shortcomings. Therefore, it is advisable as part of the marketing structure to include segmentation as it will improve the profitability of the company. Its implementation should also be done carefully to ensure that the company does not suffer the shortcomings of poor segmentation. References 1. Hutt, M. D., & Thomas, W. S. (2002). Business Marketing Management. Ohio: South-Western. 2. Malcolm, M., & Ian, D. (2004). Market Segmentation. London: MacMillian. 3. Robert, W. B. (2006). The White Paper Marketing Handbook. Ohio: Thompson. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Position of Face to Face Meetings in the Future Essay The wired world has reduced geographical distance and made it possible for people physically dispersed to interact. Small and medium sized businesses have managed to expand and reach a wider market segment with the assistance of the internet, telecommunication technologies and social media platforms. In light of the recent economic conditions, organizations increasingly turn to new innovations rather than face-to-face meetings to reduce running costs and maintain their business process. By factoring in current market conditions, several factors emerge that give support to the premise that the outlook of physical meetings is blink. Current economic conditions and the difficulty in fulfilling monetary and policy plans is making it difficult for the effects of the recession to diminish. Moreover, deregulation of the global market implies that economic issues facing a region affect the rest of the world instantaneously. Therefore, this ripple effect will transcend for a long time, until a balance is found within the international market. For these reasons, organizations seeking to maintain their position in the business world will continue to find ways, to sustainably manage business processes. One of the business processes that will face more scrutiny in the future are meetings. This translates to a reduction in the number of physical meetings carried out within a fiscal year in the future. To manage operational costs, more organizations will turn to virtual meetings, rather than physical meetings. Virtual meetings will be preferred more in the future because like the large physical meetings, they also facilitate networking and allow an exchange of information. Additionally, virtual meetings are less expensive as compared to large physical meetings since transportation costs, accommodation, shipping, packaging and hiring of large conferencing facilities are not included. Virtual meetings further offer organizations the advantage of reduced time costs. Therefore, virtual meetings will take precedence in the future for organizations seeking networking, and information exchange. Looking at the direction of communication and organizational needs, it is evident that virtual meetings will be the choice for future meetings. Large physical meetings will not be preferred since, they consume a lot of time in planning, budgeting and hosting. Mean while, virtual teams offer increased productivity, are cost effective and are very convenient for businesses. Moreover, there is increased need to incorporate social media within the business process. Organizations are more and more aware of the rise of social media amongst staff and clients. Therefore, to reach these stakeholders, businesses are increasingly targeting social media platforms as an important communication tool. Consequently, the number of organizations using social media is increasing rather than reducing. While physical meetings offer an opportunity to interact, observe bodily reactions, virtual meetings are increasingly becoming interactive due to new technologies. The future of telecommunication and information technology is leading the world towards increased interaction, faster speeds, better data transfer and cheaper communication costs. Therefore, in the future, virtual meetings will be more interactive, clearer, faster and cost effective than physical meetings. Thus, social media coupled with new and innovative communication technologies, will make it easier for organizations to continually and effectively monitor and control business processes. In the end, large physical meetings will reduce in the future, as organizations turn towards technology, social media and virtual meetings. The need for continued monitoring of resources, manpower and finances to reduce running costs, implies an increase in the use of virtual meetings. Since virtual meetings will offer opportunities to communicate information and offer increased networking, physical meetings will be a thing of the past. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sustainable Economic Development Essay Sustainable economic development entails the ability of the present human beings to meet their needs with the available resources without trashing the ability of the future generations from doing the same (Sustainable Development in Developing Countries, 2012a ). It also involves integrating all environmental issues with the purpose of ensuring economic development that can meet the immediate needs of both the present and future generations. Sustainable economic development encompasses cultural, natural, social, and economic environments whose inclusive development is vital to the welfare of society. Notably, sustainability in terms of interdependence and fairness ought to be between countries in the world and individuals within a country. For instance, South Africa that has abundant gold and platinum lacks adequate water for its population. The rich population possesses most of these natural resources since the distribution processes do not follow fairness and equity but the purchasing power of an individual. Clearly, such an economy encourages disparities among the population with a small population having the potential to consume a large portion of the world’s natural resources. This country can reduce poverty levels by enhancing pro-poor development mechanisms. The main causes of environmental degradation in developing nations are grouped into two categories namely natural and human factors. Natural factors are nature bound; they include hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, and droughts among others. Droughts, for instance, destroy the vegetation thus leaving the land open for massive erosions (Powell, 2009). Both wind and soil erosions sweep the top fertile soil; such soils cannot support crop production. If droughts occur in some parts of the world then, there will be a diverse economic growth thereby causing unsustainability in economic development. On the other front, human factors like industrialization and urbanization result from human actions. Powell (2009) asserts that when a country sets up industries in different areas, employment opportunities and the market for investments arise. From this perspective, the economy will serve a vast population thereby enhancing equality and accessibility to the country’s resources by all. On the other hand, the industrialization process can lead to the mechanization of production thus putting laborers out of work. Deforestation and water pollution have immense effects on developing countries — polluted water results from wastes that do not decompose quickly. Developing countries will meet the extra cost of treating polluted water. Their governments could have directed these funds to other useful economic projects like rural electrification and education sponsorship. Socially, polluted water causes numerous diseases such as cholera and typhoid. These diseases may kill the poor who only have money for their everyday basic needs. The social structure in society reveals the different economic powers that exist in the community. Economists believe that the massive deforestation in Sub-Sahara Africa and Latin America are due to the tragedy of the commons where individuals pursue their own interests. Cutting down of forests destroys water-catchment regions in a country; this forces a country to put more funds on irrigation than ever in order to enhance economic sustainability. Developing nations can develop alternative sources of energy among their rural population who mostly uses firewood and charcoal as a source of fuel. Moreover, they can carry out mass education on the benefits of planting trees and proper waste management methods. Since a negative effect on the environment affects all, developed countries should increase financial incentives that target developing nations on forest preservation and clean water management (Kanetkar & Pachauri, n.d.). An example of such a program is the REDD initiative that stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation; it has consumed over $30billion towards funding clean low-carbon emission initiatives in the underdeveloped nations. The high vulnerability among the poor makes them be at a high degree of influence from the effects of climate change and global warming. Libya that is in North Africa experiences immense drought while areas of Asian mega-deltas experience massive flooding (Todaro & Smith, 2012). These poor nations meet the cost of environmental degradation. Some extended effects include displacements, poor housing, and adverse health conditions. Between 1915 and 1934, the United States occupied Haiti and in the process constructed roads, improved the education system, restored order, and basic security. In addition, the US improved Haiti’s health system. When the dictatorial leader Francois Duvalier took over the leadership, the economic infrastructure began deteriorating. The dictator focused on short-term benefits instead of modernizing Haiti. On the other hand, the Dominican Republic leadership focused on improving their already made infrastructure (Todaro & Smith, 2012). Comparatively, the DR dictatorial leader Trujillo facilitated a higher economic growth than his counterpart in Haiti did. Haiti went ahead to record the highest illiteracy rate and a poor health system by 2010. However, DR was well placed at the time in providing its people with the basic human capital that remained essential in the global economy. Further, the strong background on infrastructure, health, trade, and education steered the economic growth of DR. Its exports, remittance, and tourism grew to almost half the GDP. Haiti, on the other hand, experienced political instability since the army overthrew the regime. The regime was so violent that the country could not engage in other economic activities. The diversification on tourism made DR focus on the clean and sustainable environment while Haiti only focused on sugar that had a volatile market price. The organization of the early institutions in DR reveals its stability even during natural calamities like the 2004 Hurricane Jeanne. It went further to absorb Haitians refugees who crossed the border due to the Haiti hurricanes. References Kanetkar, R. S., & Pachauri, R. K. (n.d.). Deforestation and desertification in developing countries . United Nations University . Web. Powell, F. (2009). Environmental Degradation. SlideBoom – upload and share rich powerpoint presentations online . Web. Sustainable Development in Developing Countries. (2012). Kies op maat Home . Web. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2012). Economic development (11th ed.). Boston, Mass: Addison-Wesley. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Significant Events of the Cold War Essay This paper will analyze the most significant events of the Cold War. On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill delivered the banking Iron Curtain speech (Fink, 2017). This speech was the West’s Cold War manifesto against Russia. Churchill called for a fraternal union of the Anglophone nations and announced the rise of the Iron Curtain. The next turning point in the Cold War was the Truman Doctrine, proclaimed by US President Harry Truman on March 12, 1947. The president requested $400 million from the government for Turkey and Greece. Eventually, the Greek and Turkish governments became under the control of the United States. In the same year, 1947, on June 5, the American politician George Marshall put forward a program to help Europe after the Second World War. The aim was to rebuild Europe’s economy and expel communists from power structures. The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War resulted in international crises. One such crisis was the Berlin Airlift, which lasted from June 24, 1948, to May 12, 1949 (Fink, 2017). This was due to the Soviet Union’s blockade of the Western Allies’ road routes through East Germany. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created on April 4, 1949, to safeguard the world against the risk of military confrontation amidst the Cold War. The main aim was to ensure the security of all NATO members. At the end of June 1950, the Korean War broke out (Fink, 2017). The preconditions for the war were set immediately after World War II, when Japan, which had controlled the Korean peninsula since 1910, withdrew its troops. In the late 1940s and mid-1950s, the phenomenon of McCarthyism was born in the US (Fink, 2017). It is named after its creator Joseph McCarthy. McCarthyism was a policy of administrative harassment to combat the Communist Party of the United States. The USSR made a scientific breakthrough in the field of space during the Cold War. On October 4, 1957, the first artificial satellite was launched by a Sputnik launch vehicle. For the first time, rocket engines with a total power of millions of horsepower were tested. Apart from the technical confrontation, a military one was still in force. In response to the Soviet Union’s attempt to use the Suez crisis as an excuse to invade Egypt, the Eisenhower Doctrine was issued on January 5, 1957. Under this doctrine, any country could request economic or military assistance from the US. Another Cold War episode that took place on May 1, 1960, is the U-2 Incident. During the incident, a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down in Soviet airspace. The incident took place two weeks before the East-West meeting and was a severe blow to the reputation of the United States. On April 7, 1961, an operation organized by the Americans in the Bay of Pigs took a decisive turn in Cuba. The attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s government ended with the victory of pro-Communist forces. Another sharp deterioration in the international situation took place between 16 and 18 October 1962. The crisis was triggered by the threat of war between the USSR and the USA over the deployment of Soviet missiles in Cuba. However, the American and Soviet leaders – John Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev – agreed on a peaceful solution. Reference Fink, C. K. (2017). Cold War: An international history (2 nd ed.). Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Essay Overview of the Company “Crocs, Inc. is a multinational Company that deals in the design, manufacture and sell of footwear men, women and children” (Crocs 1). The company was founded in 2002 and has since experienced tremendous growth due to effective management. Currently, the company’s main plants are located in nations like China, Mexico and Italy and sells products in excess of 125 nations. This paper highlights the company’s sustainable competitive advantages and the associated benefits. Competitive advantages of Crocs, Inc. Crocs, Inc. has several competitive advantages that allowed for quick transition from a local company into a multinational company. Some of these competencies are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs. Croslite Material Crocs, Inc. uses a peculiar material referred to as croslite to manufacture all its shoe products. The material is long lasting, very light, affordable, and odor resistant; hence, produces a supremely comfortable end product (Parpis 3). Furthermore, the material is of dual nature, and the footwear can be used on land and under water without compromising the quality of the product. In connection with that, the company was named Crocs after a close association with crocodiles. Despite the fact that replicating the material is hard, the company still owns the right to the material. Product Innovation Despite stiff competition in the footwear industry, Crocs came up with simple, but effective innovations that make products maintain a competitive edge. “As such, the company designs and manufactures shoes that are simple, easy to clean, stylish, attractive and exist in several colors” (Crocs 1). Besides the simplicity, the products are comfortable to wear and serve their practical functions for the average consumer. Marketing Strategies “The Company uses simple but effective marketing tactics such as word of mouth, newsletters, concerts, trade shows, sports events and several others to pass the message to potential customers” (Anderson 2). The company’s marketing team helps to identify the most appropriate places and methods of advertising their products. For example, the implementation of the “out-of-box vertical displays” was a highly innovative idea that helped the company to realize significant improvement in product sales. Vertically Integrated Supply Chain (VISC) Crocs, Inc. uses a unique supply chain network that accounts for increased responsiveness to customer requirements when compared to competitors (Lashley 1). Unlike their competitors, Crocs retailers are not bound to make large orders before the actual selling period because the company completes orders in relatively short time spans. As such, the company’s supply chain system enables it to produce and deliver products to markets before market competition intensifies (Anderson 2). Sustainability and Benefits of Core Competencies The core competencies of Crocs Company are sustainable and would enable the survival of the company against key competitors like Nike and Timberland. Firstly, the company’s unique material gives it an advantage that none of its competitors enjoys at the moment (Anderson 2). Additionally, by owning the rights to the durable, cheap and environmental friendly material, the company will be able to increase its market share for longer periods. Furthermore, the company’s innovative approach to manufacture quality footwear products is a longtime advantage that is shown in the market trend. Innovative leaders, marketers, and employees, enable the culture of the company to be carried forward through several generations (Lashley 1). Lastly, effective marketing strategies and the use of VISC enables the company’s strong brand to be introduced into new markets all over the world before competing companies realize the opportunity. The competencies allow room for sustainable competitive advantage when compared to other competing companies (Parpis 3). In the long run, Crocs will strengthen its brand name, improve customer loyalty, gain larger market share, improve sales, as well as, gain financial stability. Conclusions The current trend in globalization calls for multinational companies to develop the most sustainable competitive advantages, especially when entering new markets because this presents the ultimate survival tactics. Few companies, however, have successfully managed to develop and maintain sustainable competencies that would ensure market capitalization, as well as, profit maximization. Crocs, Inc. is an example of a company that has established sustainable competitive advantages that would propel the company for several years. The core sustainable competencies for the company include; the use of invaluable croslite material, product innovation, effective marketing strategies, and the implementation of VISC. Firstly, the use of croslite material as the key ingredient for the production of Crocs, Inc. products enables the company to establish a strong market position. From my own perspective, the use of croslite material imposes a stiff competition scenario because other companies do not have the same material. Therefore, Crocs will receive market recognition and still benefit from the innovation. Lack of innovative ideas would result in a dead end where more innovative companies use an equivalent of the company’s invaluable material to make their products. However, the use of the material together with the innovative nature of the company ensures that success is carried along. Secondly, the company is characterized by the use of effective marketing strategies that give an upper hand in reaching target markets. When companies use effective measures to govern their marketing strategies, appropriate marketing decisions are made at the right time; hence, success is inevitable. Crocs, Inc. has excellent leadership that enables the actualization of all the core competencies; thus, allowing for the realization of a sustainable competitiveness. Works Cited Anderson, Diane. “When Crocs Attack, an Ugly Shoe Tale.” Money.cnn.com. Money.cnn.com, 2006. Web. Crocs. “Overview: Corporate Profile.” Investors.crocs.com. Investors.crocs.com, 2011. Web. Lashley, Johnathan. “The Crocs Company: A Footware Fad.” Johnathan-lashley. suite101.com. Johnathan-lashley.suite101.com, 2010. Web. Parpis, Eleftheria. “Crocs Brand Finds Its Comfort Zone.” Allbusiness.com. Allbusiness.com, 2011. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
He does this by interviewing White Caucasians about their views about the problems of race, their opinions, the extent of their knowledge, their preconceptions about minorities, and about the white race itself. The video is attempting to be provocative, but it doesn’t do much to provide suitable thought-inspiring material. In a very divisive topic, it raises only the safest and tamest questions, and it rarely fully addresses them. Most of the interviewees lack any personal experiences with racism. They are often oblivious or dismissive of their racist views or mannerisms, and Vargas doesn’t do much to make them re-evaluate themselves. While the film lacks the stimulation it strives for, it does show some interesting facts. First of all, since social circles of white people often don’t contain minorities, they don’t get to witness or participate in race-related issues personally. They don’t see themselves as a stakeholder in racial matters, don’t always have a clear concept of what is and what isn’t racist, and can be obliviously offensive as a result. Secondly, this film studies the perception of American students that they can be reverse discriminated against in favor of minority students in their education. It examines statistics that disprove this sentiment, showing that white students hold an undisputed leadership in the number of grants awarded. It shows the white people’s feelings of being a victim in such situations as a self-reassuring defensive reflex, which shows a lack of understanding of the privileges or lack thereof which come with race. Thirdly, the film studies the distrust the white immigrant community has for the members of other ethnic communities and explains it as grounded in prejudice, mostly as a result of a language barrier problem and “growing pains” of the first generation of new immigrants. Racial inequality and white privilege are very relevant issues, but they require in-depth study, and improvement can only be achieved when white people’s preconceptions are challenged, and they are properly educated about the issues modern society has. Notes “What it means to be young and white?” Most talks about race focus on the minorities’ perspective. The documentary attempts to find out what the “white people” perspective on race issues is, and what they know and think about “white privilege.” The first subject of the film, Dakota, is a white gay man. He invites his black friends to dinner with his family. The conversations over dinner are led by the Vargas into topics of race. The meaningful conversation Vargas is attempting to make troubles the black friends and leaves the white family obliviously unfazed. White privilege discussions. Feeling that things belong to you, you are one of the “good ones” by default. A school in an Indian reservation. White teachers see themselves the minority and have to face being negatively stereotyped themselves. “What are disadvantages of being white?” – “That’s like asking a rich person ‘Tell me how hard it is being rich’. Education reverse discrimination. Scholarships for race? Actually, no. White people at an advantage. Discussion with family of a boy who does “white privilege” themed workshops. Parents have little concept of race issues, and see the privilege arguments as an attack on whites, rather than a defense mechanism. “I don’t want to be ashamed that I’m white.” America is becoming “less and less white”. Studies show that now white Caucasians make up slightly less than half of public school students. Italian-American white neighborhood receives an influx of Asian minorities. White population finds it uncomfortable, sees Asians as unfriendly. Language barrier is discussed as the reason for this perception. Works Cited White People . Dir. Jose Antonio Vargas. MTV. 2015. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Global Economic Development Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction Economic development can be described and referred to as a multidimensional process. In this case, it revolves around change to a more desirable nation from its previous state. As a matter of fact, economic development is supposed to reduce poverty and ensure that the welfare indicators have been improved and enhanced upon. Global poverty has been the main concern of economic development because it is supposed to be eradicated. The main focus has been on the reduction of inequalities in the society with an aim of improving living standards. The issue of economic development has become and remained controversial because of various reasons. In this case, there have been a lot of conflicts of interest from various nations that has ended up complicating the situation. This means that as much as everybody wants to see a developed world, it will depend on how the issue is approached to avoid controversies that have been witnessed (Sheffrin 2003, p. 12). As far as economic development is concerned, this can be pegged down to specific aspects like debt, debt relief, North south conflict and others. Discussion The World Bank has always been referred to as the world’s multilateral development agency. In this case, it is supposed to give poor countries some loans at an affordable interest rate. As a matter of fact, this is supposed to be at zero rates with an aim of moving these countries out of poverty. All in all, this has been the main bone of contention because the bank has been focused on repayment instead of moving people out of poverty. The resources that the bank has been advancing to poor countries have been termed as insufficient and this is an issue that needs to be looked at. The World Bank has not been effective in reducing poverty with its programs and that is why there is a lot of controversy (Lucas 1988, p. 23). Debt and debt relief is another issue that has brought a lot of controversies as far as economic development is concerned despite getting universal acceptance. The IMF and other advanced countries provide relief to poor countries. This debt relief is supposed to lift poor countries from poverty but this has not been achieved. All in all, this debt program has been skewed because it lays more attention on repayment rather than reducing poverty in those countries. This means that debt relives are supposed to enhance economic development in poor countries which has not been achieved. As a matter of act, the indebtedness of eligible countries has been the main focus instead of looking at economic development. The issue of debt and debt relief is therefore a very controversial aspect based on various issues like how much money is supposed to be advanced and on what basis (Sheffrin 2003, p. 34). The North South conflict is another issue that defines the political economy. In this case, there is an argument that the IMF and World Bank are controlled by developed nations. As a matter of fact, the conflict has arisen because of disparity in incomes that is supposed to be sorted out. This means that the rich north has been accused of polarizing the south which is poor. The gap between the rich and poor countries has been increasing instead of reducing and this does not augur well for economic development (Galor 2005, p. 45). World prosperity can benefit everybody but this will depend on good relations between the North and South. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that everybody seems to be in agreement that the world should be developed. As much as this is a fact, there should be efforts to eliminate any controversies and problems that might make this an impossible mission. This means that there should be no suspicion that will define the way nations deal with each other. In this case, rich countries should be helpful to poor countries through good bilateral trade. Globalization should be enhanced through good ideologies that will be agreed upon unilaterally (Foley 1999, p. 27). It should be known that global imbalances can be done away with through a good and effective coalition of conscience. Reference List Foley, D., 1999. Growth and Distribution . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Galor, O., 2005. From Stagnation to Growth: Unified Growth Theory . New York: Addison Wesley. Lucas, R.E., 1988. On the mechanics of economic development. New York: Oxford University Press. Sheffrin, S., 2003. Economics: Principles in action . New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Gender Distinction in the Candas and Zimmerman’s Article “Doing Gender” Report (Assessment) In the article “Doing Gender”, Candas and Zimmerman emphasize the point that gender is not a once achieved and fixed state but rather a process of creating a gender image. Contradicting the traditional views on gender as an achievement, the researchers propose a vision of gender as a ‘display’ in a series of interaction between multiple participants (Candas and Zimmerman 127). To demonstrate the essence of gender, Candas and Zimmerman employ the notions of sex and sex categories. The latter serve as a framework for constructing one’s conduct in accordance with the normative attitudes and activities proper to a certain sex category (Candas and Zimmerman 127). The researchers stress the importance of context and circumstances for rendering one’s behavior in a certain way, as well as point out the necessity for the ongoing process of ‘doing gender’ under the constant attention and gender assessment of the surrounding society (Candas and Zimmerman 136–137). Having demonstrated gender as a process, the authors engage with the issue of gender being a powerful instrument of social influence. As it appears, the process of doing gender comprises an indispensable basis of social organization (Candas and Zimmerman 146). When men assume masculine roles and stand on positions of power, and women comply with feminine roles of deference, hierarchical arrangements are easier to legitimate and explain by the supposedly ‘natural’ order of things (Candas and Zimmerman 146). At a higher level of organization, gender standards assist in creating powerful institutional arrangements, and therefore makes redefining or repudiating gender an act of not only individual change but of a social and ideological revolution (Candas and Zimmerman 147). The importance of gender standards for social organization cannot be overestimated. Although due to the efforts of feminists and other human rights activists, the borderline between sexes is becoming more obscure, modern society is still characterized by and arranged according to established gender ideals. Men are physically stronger, therefore they are assigned more complex physical jobs; women are more graceful and fragile, which results in their vision as ‘the fair sex’ to be protected and cared for. Denouncing the established order of things would mean nothing less than going against the human physical nature with men being the main breadwinners and women being the keepers of the family hearth and the nurturer of the offspring. Then the mere basis of society and one of the main social values — the family — would be questioned and resigned as an untenable notion. In his comprehensive research on the nature of relation between sex and gender, James Messerschmidt employs a case study investigating the perception of sex and gender, and arrives to the conclusion that “social interaction relies on the inseparability of sex appearance and gender behavior” (87). Supporting this argument are two examples of teenagers whose peers perceived their sexual appearance as incongruent with the gender behavior they had assumed. Moreover, in different social contexts and environments this incongruence was taken differently. In one case, the boy’s family members perceived his behavior as totally masculine, while his schoolmates viewed his sexual appearance as incongruous with the male stereotype. In the other case, the girl’s family and classmates rejected her male gender behavior since it was contradicting her natural female sex appearance. Such unacceptance by society resulted in assuming an aggressive attitude and led Messerschmidt to the idea that “an imbalance in sex appearance and gender behavior may motivate assaultive violence” (87). Indeed, the boy — who was feeling masculine enough but unaccepted by his peers as a male — created his own society of younger teenagers that would accept him as a strong masculine leader. The girl — who was feeling more attracted by male standards, witnessing the failure of her mother to comply with the accepted female stereotype — engaged into male-type behavior at school and in the street in order to assert her consistency as a person. But while the boy succeeded in bringing his sex appearance and gender behavior to conformity by means of street violence, the girl could not reach that balance due to her natural feminine exterior, which made her the more violent and aggressive. The idea of inseparability of gender and sex perception in modern society appears to be more than reasonable. If sex is considered a purely biological quality, it still does not create a man or a woman alone: certain type of gender behavior is necessary for the person to be fully accepted as a representative of either masculinity or femininity. On the other hand, pure gender behavior without proper sex appearance does not convince the society of considering a person male or female. A human with female appearance and male behavior, and vice versa, would be considered at most a transitional phenomenon but not a full-fledged masculine or feminine being. Depending on the congruence or misalignment between the sex appearance and gender behavior, one is viewed either as a gender conforming or a gender deviant personality within certain social environment. Therefore, in order to harmonize one’s social relations, it is vital to maintain the right balance between one’s appearance and behavior. Works Cited Messerschmidt, James W. “Goodbye to the Sex–Gender Distinction, Hello to Embodied Gender: On Masculinities, Bodies, and Violence.” Sex, Gender, and Sexuality: The New Basics . Eds. Abby L. Ferber, Kimberly Holcomb and Tre Wentling. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2008. 71–88. Print. West, Candas, and Don H. Zimmerman. “Doing Gender.” Gender and Society 1.2 (1987): 125–151. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Barn Burning” by Peter Werner Essay The movie “The Barn Burning” directed by Peter Werner, based on William Faulkner’s short story examines a boy who struggles with family devotion and a higher sense of justice. When the person is growing up, he changes and looks at things for a different outlook. In the story, the central hero Sarty has many conflicts with his father, however through all of them he begins to mature into a man. Tommy Lee Jones is the actor portraying Abner Snopes’ character. He is a Southern tenant farmer, the father of young Sarty Snopes, being driven out of town after burning down his landlord’s barn. In a court, Harris asked for testimony that Snopes burned his barn. The night before, Sarty was waked by Snope and taken out of the house, Abner blames him for planning to report to the judge of his guiltiness in the arson. Snope hits his son and explains to him that to stay loyal to his family is always obligatory. Sartori tries to give notice Major de Spain of Snopes’ intentions to set fire to his barn, too. However, his landlord overtakes him soon on his horse. Sarty leaps down into the trench to get away from the road. “The boy hears two gunshots and Snope is killed. Intensely affected by his father’s behavior, Sarty does not pause to look back and return to his family” (Faulkner 11). “Barn Burning” reveals class conflicts, vengeance, and the influence of fathers that the viewer observes through the third-person perspective of a young, sensitive child. The story presents poor white labor cultivating both the respectability of “gentleman farmers” like Major de Spain and the farm’s crops. “The sweat economy lays bare the labor that the capitalist economy works to obfuscate: the exploited labor making possible the leisure that, according to the Twelve Southerners, is the hallmark of agrarian society,” states Bloom (149). Family loyalty for the Snopes family, especially for Sartoris’s father, is valued above everything. It seems like family obtains outside of society and even out of the law, and the base of their moral code and worldview is blood relations rather than eternal concepts of right or wrong. Snope’s threat confirms how isolated the family is and that they ultimately rely on each other for shield, even if their belief in this protection is unproven. The story presents two central heroes: Sarty and his father, Abner Snopes. It goes without saying that both characters are deep and dramatic. First, the boy stood behind his father, who was at war, all the time, he respected him. Therefore, shy Sarty’s first step toward maturing is family support and pride. Hans Skei comments that “the development of Sarty takes him from being an ordinary Snopes, submissive to the ‘old fierce pull of blood … into a society whose laws and regulations the boy intuitively seems to have not only accepted but come to trust” (60). After a time, Sarty acquires an individual maternity, learning such moral values like justice and truth through evaluation of the negative and positive aspects of his life. Abner Snopes is as complicated character as his son is. Magee claims that: The question is whether he has the knowledge or if he is ignoring this knowledge at all, and, if he is ignoring it, if it is because of environmental causes – perhaps he feels it is the only way to settle his problems – or because of heredity, because the evil is just a part of who he is. (4) Snopes seems unable to stop himself from his immoral pattern of getting angry with someone, moving somewhere, and then going to burn down his barn; he continues with it again and again in spite of the consequences which he chooses to overlook. Hence, one may conclude that he represents a quick-tempered, abrupt, and influential character. At the same time, Snopes seems to contaminate everything he relates because of dissatisfaction with confining his profound misery to his private kingdom, and he becomes almost brutish being deficient in regard for others. For instance, in the landlord house, Snopes deliberately steps like the horse and traces it all through the home. “Faulkner is known for his individual stream-of-consciousness like style, particularly his use of long, hard to read sentences that are frequently interrupted by clauses” (Bain et al. 110). Faulkner adds complication to his fiction using this method, which reveals the struggles one face in the everyday world, and they rarely have clear determinations. To reveal much about the education and background of this rural family, Faulkner uses dialect lexicon: Sarty says, “Naw,… Hit don’t hurt. Lemme be” (Werner). In conclusion, it should be stressed that the story presents a child who stood before a difficult choice between father loyalty and law loyalty, and finally decides to choose the side of justice and freedom and completes his initiation into maturity. No doubt, it was an extremely difficult choice. However, Sarti leaves his family, and no one could assume what lay ahead. Works Cited Bain, Carl, Jerome Beaty, Paul Hunter, Gayla McGlamery, and Nancy Henry. Norton Introduction to Literature . New York: Norton & Company, 2012. Print. Bloom, Harold. William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying . New York: Chelsea House, 2013. Print. Faulkner, William. Barn Burning . 2014. Web. Magee, Jessie. “Faulkner the Humanist: How His Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech Changed How We Interpret “Barn Burning.” Student Research Conference Select Presentations . Bowling Green: Western Kentucky University, 2009. 1-14. Print. Skei, Hans. Reading Faulkner’s Best Short Stories . Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2009. Print. “Barn Burning”. YouTube . 2015. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The psychologist’s views on human development have particularly been used by educators and other theorists to alter children’s perceptions, thought-systems, expectations, and behavior. It is the object of this paper to demonstrates how Vygotsky’s theory can be used to assist kindergarten students and others with special needs to cope with the learning process It was the perception of Vygotsky that social interactions among young children lead to not only improved levels of cognition, but also to a total transformation of the children’s thought-systems, attitudes, and behavior (Mahn, 1999). Consequently, the theory suggests that children’s cognition, mindsets and world views are shaped by the particular social-historical environment in which they reside and by their continued interactions with adults. The most essential notion of Vygotsky’s theoretical perspective is that our minds, no matter our biological predispositions, are culturally mediated (Wertsch, 1985). This perspective insinuates that culture is the most basic determinant of individual development. Vygotsky also presupposed that a child’s knowledge base is fundamentally expanded by exposing him or her to a multiplicity of cultures and social environments. The developmental progression of children, according to the psychologist, is entirely dependent upon the adults as well as the cultural tools granted to them within the wider social context (Velenzuela et al, 2000). Vygotsky came up with three approaches through which learning can take place, namely imitative learning, instructed learning, and collaborative learning (Wertsch, 1985). To briefly describe the processes, imitative learning takes place when the young child attempt to copy or imitate others, while instructed learning happens when a child develops the capacity to recall instructions or directions as given by the instructor and thereafter putting them into practice. Finally, collaborative learning occurs when an assemblage of individuals join forces in the process of learning so as to understand each other in depth or accomplish a particular set objective (Velenzuela, 2000). Vygotsky hatched the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) to demonstrate the difference between a person’s level to independently solve problems and his or he ability to solve critical issues under the direction of adults or other competent peers, otherwise called the actual and potential levels of development (Wertsch, 1985). Application This theory is increasingly being used by educators in the school context to help kindergarten-age children and others with special needs to cope with requirements of the education system. The theory insinuates that children have the capacity to learn through social interaction. In this perspective, curricula and teaching strategies for kindergarten-age children and others with special needs should be explicitly designed to accentuate the interaction between the children on one hand and the learning tasks on the other (Valenzuela et al, 2000). When the theory is utilized, the kindergarten children are most likely to derive meaning of the whole learning process by the virtue of active participation in the actual social-cultural context. Vygotsky theory of human development is more receptive to the learning requirements of children with special needs since it presupposes that notions are socially mediated, and can only subsist in collectives rather than in persons. As such, the learning process is centered on the socio-cultural, institutional, and historical facets rather than emphasizing individual cognitive capacities (Wertsch, 1985). With suitable assistance from the educator such as the employment of the scaffolding technique, kindergarten children can effectively complete learning tasks that could not have been accomplished if the children were on their own (Edwards, 2005). The scaffolding technique obliges educators to continually adjust their level of assistance in response to the student’s level of understanding. In other words, educators must have the capacity to control the learning environment to make it possible for the children to learn through a step by step process. Studies have revealed that the technique not only lessens the frustrations levels evident in children within this age-category, but it also widens their knowledgebase and inculcate the skills necessary for self-regulating problem solving in the future (Valenzuela et al, 2000). The concept of ZPD can also be used by educators to uplift the learning capabilities of kindergarten-age children and others in need of special attention. Indeed, the assessment criteria used by educators to grade the children must aptly consider what the young learners are able to achieve on their own and what they are able to achieve with the assistance of others (Valenzuela et al, 2000). In other words, two children may be initially endowed with similar levels of actual development but one may end up becoming more knowledgeable than the other due to the kind of interaction established and assistance offered. As such, both the curriculum and assessment techniques for kindergarten-age children and others with special needs must considerably focus on the children’s level of actual development in relation to their potential level of development. It is important to note that this theory perceives each social interaction as a learning experience, and as such, kindergarten-age children should be exposed to individuals and ideas that function above their existing level of knowledge and understanding to open up their minds to new and more complicated ideas (Edwards, 005). Reference List Edwards, S. (2005). Constructivism does not only happen in the Individual: Socio-Cultural Theory and Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Development and Care , Vol. 175, Issue 1, pp 37-47. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Mahn, H. (1999). Vygotsky’s Methodological Contribution to Socio-Cultural Theory. Remedial and Special Education, Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp. 341-350 Velenzuela, J.S., Connery, M.C., & Musanti, S.I. (2000). The Theoretical Foundations of Professional Development in Special Education: Is Social-Cultural Theory Enough? Remedial and Special Education , Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 111-120 Wertsch, J.W. (1985). Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Training and Skills Development Programs vs. the Global Financial Crisis Research Paper Unemployment is an occurrence witnessed when active individuals cannot find job opportunities. Conversely, prevalence of unemployment is accrued through poor economic development and high unskilled labour. Unemployment is an acute problem especially during the recession periods when world economy collapsed however, there is a notable improvement through numerous interventions specifically, minimum wage laws, formation of personnel unions, and tax regimes. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the amount of income citizens of a country can amass in a financial year. Economic growth is attributed to the increase and decline of gross domestic product. Expansion of the output of an economy influences economic growth under full employment of the population, which in return boosts employment rate. Changes in business cycles cannot be used as determinants of economic growth. Business cycles, for instance, flourish and decline thus, does not determine the rate of economic growth rather, it affects aggregate demand (Schomburg and Ulrich 8). The Level of education influences the rate of unemployment in an economy. Education bestows individuals with technical skills and expertise to engage in production activities. Employees are classified into skilled, non-skilled, and semi-skilled and one is remunerated according to experience and ability to produce goods and services with efficiency. Employment categories are, for example, classical unemployment, cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment, and frictional unemployment. Most unemployed individuals fall in frictional and involuntary unemployment section whereby low wages and economic frictions obstruct them from engaging in productive labour force (Schomburg and Ulrich 21). Sourced from the Bureau of labour statistics, Current population survey The graph shows the relationship between employment rate and level of education attained by individuals ranging from less than a high diploma to Doctorate qualification. Most educated employees accrue higher wages compared to individuals less educated. Lucrative job opportunities favour high educated persons because of experience and skill they bestow in service delivery. Institutions of higher learning are prerequisite for the expansion of economy because high employment leads to reduction of poverty levels and dependence. The increase in gross domestic products is attributed to levels of education and employment. Developed economies depend on educated individuals for invention and innovation in the economy. Education bestows individuals with skills and experience to manage and run businesses. Businesses are mainly geared towards profit maximization, therefore; education enables individuals adopt better ways of decision making. Government relies on professionals in policy formulation that regulates economic growth, for instance, tax systems, labour remuneration, and equitable distribution of resources. In a stable economy, people with higher education have better paying jobs than those with poor education. Less than high school individuals have high levels of unemployment compared to individuals who studied above collage. With high unemployment rates, gross domestic product declines due to high dependence on the economy. Most jobless people depend on the employed individuals to get basic human needs and this sacrifices the economic prosperity. Government on the other hand, balance unemployment and economic growth through encouraging investment in the local economy and repatriating resources from the urban centers to rural areas to avoid rural-urban migrations that lead to an influx of idle population thus compromising security. Chart 3 Unemployment rates of ages, by educational attainment level (2008- 2010) Conclusion The chart in table 1-3 reveals the correlation in percentages between education, unemployment and economic growth. The analysis suggests a significant impact of educational attainment on the economic growth. The investment in the educational sector influences the increase in educational attainment, consequently, affects the GDP of a country. Thus, there is a significant impact between education, employment rate and economic growth of a country. Works Cited Schomburg, Harald, and Ulrich Teichler. Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Europe: Results of Graduate Surveys from Twelve Countries . Dordretcht: Springer, 2006. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mission Statement Role in Business Organizations Report While speaking about a strategic management issue, it should be pointed out that the mission statement is recognized to be one of the key elements a business organization is based on. Some people see no difference between a vision statement and a mission one. Thus, there is a need to clarify that a vision mission is mostly associated with future aims a company is to achieve; while a mission statement is closely related to strategic decision making. For instance, let’s consider The Walt Disney Company’s mission statement. Its main objective is “to be one of the worlds leading producers and providers of entertainment and information” (Kelsey, 2011, p. 2). I would like to evaluate the mission statement of the company taking into account Andrew Campbell’s 10-question test. As far as the Company wants to become “the global energy company most admired for its people, partnerships and performance” (Kelsey, 2011, p. 3), one can make a conclusion that its inspiring purpose partially avoids playing to the selfish interests of the stakeholders (1 for “somewhat”). The statement describes the company’s responsibility to its stakeholders, as it tends to create the most profitable experiences (2 for “yes”). The statement defines the business domain, and explains why it is attractive (2 for “yes”). The statement describes the strategic positioning that the company prefers in a way that helps to identify the sort of competitive advantage it will look for, as the company seeks to create the most innovative experiences (2 for “yes”). The statement partially reflects values that link with the organization’s purpose and acts as beliefs with which employees can feel proud (1 for “somewhat”). The values resonate with and reinforce the organization’s strategy (2 for “yes”). The statement does not describe important behavior standards that serve as beacons of the strategy and the values (0 for “no”). The behavior standards are not described in a way that enables individual employees to judge whether they are behaving correctly (0 for “no”). The statement gives a portrait of the company, capturing the culture of the organization (2 for “yes”). The statement is easy to read (2 for “yes”). Google’s mission Another mission statement, which can be evaluated according to Campbell’s 10-question test, is Google’s mission. Generally, it sounds in the following way: “Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful” (“Don’t Be Evil,” 2011, para. 1). Taking into account the previous point scale, the following answers can be obtained: 1) Google seeks to satisfy the claims of both – consumers and producers (1 for “somewhat”); 2) the mission describes the company’s responsibility to its stakeholders (2 for “yes”); 3) the business domain is defined, but there are no explanations why it is attractive (1 for “somewhat”); 4) strategic positioning is partially described (1 for “somewhat”); 5) no values are identified (0 for “no”); 6) the question has no sense, as it is closely related to the previous issue (0 for “no”); 7-8) no important behavioral standards are described (0 for “no”); 9) partially , the statement gives a portrait of the company (1 for “somewhat”); 10) the statement is easy to read (2 for “yes”), but there are no details, which can give an opportunity to consider Google’s statement as a guide to behavior. The Home Depot’s objective The third mission statement, which is to be considered, is Home Depot’s mission. Its objective is “to provide the highest level of service, the broadest selection of products and the most competitive prices” (Warren, 2012, para. 5). Generally, it is a values-driven company and its strategic planning of a business organization seems to be the most appropriate; thus, the details of its mission statement provide us with a complete understanding of the company’s final aim. The company satisfies the claims of both – consumers and stakeholders (1 for “somewhat”). As far as some of the company’s core values include creating shareholders values and taking care of all people, the second and third questions will be answered positively (4 in total). Other values, which include excellent customer service, doing the right things, giving back, strong relations development, and respect for all customers, give us an opportunity to answer “yes” all the other questions. The third mission strategy is considered to be the most appropriate, as it reflects important factors of the strategic planning. References: Don’t Be Evil. (2011). Cornell.edu. Kelsey, C. (2011). Preparing Vision, Mission, and Value Statements. Csub.edu . Warren, L. (2012). Introduction. New Charter University. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Organized Labor Management and Relations Essay (Critical Writing) Today, workers have the best formal education and they tend to continuously pursue their studies in different educational institutions for the sole purpose of advancing academic levels. Pursuing further studies is an important endeavor as most employers today demand the highest form of academic qualification from their employees. In this era, there are vast advancements in technology and information systems that take place almost daily. These are the vehicles of most activities carried out by employees required at work. Information technology is highly embraced today and almost no work is carried out manually. As far as organized labor is concerned, the idea of obtaining formal education as well as advancing one’s training from time to time yields positive results both for the employers and employees. Employees can now enjoy security of tenure as they cannot lose their jobs due to lack of knowledge on new methods of operations in their day to day activities. The employees already possess the theoretical knowledge about the new items in the form of either equipment or information technology. Therefore, they simply need demonstrations after which they quickly pick up. On the other hand, employers are never allowed to sack their employees without a substantial reason. Therefore, this forces the employers to make sure that they give their workers proper training as far as new technology and information systems is concerned. However, with employees obtaining formal education and going back to school, it simplifies employers’ work to mere demonstrations and physical illustrations which are time saving and cost effective for their businesses. The formation of workers unions and other forms of employee organizations has gained high popularity over time. The unions formed are intended to favor the workers in many different ways since they act as the voice of the workers in aspects that affect their lives. Their opinions and demands are collected and aired through the unions. The unions also shield their members against maltreatment that may emanate from the employers and this ensures that the right of every single member is respected and fairness prevails. The formation of workers’ unions is stimulated by factors such as; the need to have appealing working environments with good working conditions, the urge to receive fair treatment from employers as well as the fight for fair and deserved remuneration policies. The unions also work towards ensuring that the works’ welfare is up to the required standards. Some non-union employers usually engage their employees in the process of evaluating their supervisors and managers. This is to the advantage of the employers since the subordinates involved are always in contact with the supervisors and managers and understand their level of performance better than the presented testimonials which are prone to editing. However, the responses given by the subordinates may be highly inaccurate as they may either be bribed to provide biased information or give negative information due to misunderstandings between them and those being evaluated who also happen to be their seniors. In the United State, labor relations are characterized by adversary especially in the industries where the interests of labor and management coincide. This is due to the need to involve an antagonistic element in labor management and relations. They also work towards having the highest possible quality of labor and present criticism to the employers, this is an important element and leads to the achievement of a good working environment. In general, workers need to keep advancing in their education from time to time. It is important as well, to form unions that speak and defend the workers from injustices at the work place. It is advisable to provide room for antagonism in labor management which aids in achieving high quality management in the sector. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Urban Home Gardens for Small Native Mammals Essay For centuries, home gardens have been used in many urban homes for aesthetic value. According to Anderson (1998), many urban homes have home gardens that are strategically located within the compound to create the feeling of being close to nature. In most of the urban settings, it is rare to find forests in settlement areas. However, people value the green environment, and the beauty that comes with it. This can only be obtained from home gardens. Figure 1: Rate of Reliance on Urban Home Gardens by Small Mammals According to Lindenmayer and Burgman (2005), when developing the home gardens, people always do not have even the faintest of the ideas that such gardens would be of any significance to other animals staying within these homes. However, the truth is that some of the mammals within these homes find the gardens more valuable to them than they are to the people who plant them. While people may only enjoy shade and other aesthetic value from them, some mammals rely on these gardens for their survival. They get their food and shelter from these gardens. It is important to evaluate how individual mammals may find these gardens important for their normal life. Dogs are the most common pets in most of the Australian homes. According to Kaplan and Blume, (2011, p. 56), they are the first mammals to be kept by the human beings. Figure 2 below shows the level of importance of the small mammals to the home gardens. Figure 2: Benefits of Small Mammals to Urban Home Gardens Domesticated rabbits may also benefit a lot from these gardens because of a number of reasons. Sometimes they may be released out of their cages once in a while. The gardens offer the best alternative within the compounds where they can rest in the cool shades. While in the gardens, the rabbits may find some plants which they can eat to supplement what they are given by their keepers. Staying outside their cages in an open space may be dangerous to them, especially if there are dogs around the place. The gardens offer some form of security to them because they can easily hide from these dangerous predators. As mentioned before, it is not common to find goats in the Australian urban homes because of their size, and the amount of food they need to survive. In such cases, the home garden will offer goats the much needed food. The figure below shows a goat grazing in a garden A goat grazing in a garden Although these are animals which are not desirable within the settings where people live, sometimes it may not be easy to eliminate them. The home gardens are always of great benefit to them. Rabbits also benefits from such gardens. Below figure shows a rabbit in a garden. A rabbit resting in a home garden These gardens offer a perfect resting place for dogs as shown in the figure below. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Dualism and Non-Dualism Comparison Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Dualism 3. Non-dualism 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The issue of the link between mind and body is one of the things that always fascinated the peoples of all over the world, of all cultures and religions. This fascination lasted since the very appearance of philosophy and lasts till nowadays because of the many insinuations of this matter. Currently, the issue is becoming more sufficient due to the progress of science and of its capability to understand, with its tools, their neural origin, behavioral expressions, and also the artificial reproducibility of such materializations and, at the genetic modifiability of the neurophysiological origin of the same psychical purposes. But still, there is no single answer, and the scientists follow two directions, taking into account these questions: dualistic point of view and non-dualistic. Dualism The relations between mind and body from the dualistic viewpoint go on to be a troubling matter for both philosophy and psychology. Nevertheless, whereas philosophers have generally acknowledged it, in psychology, the matter of this relation has largely been disregarded, and its ongoing significance is covered by the manners in which the very notion of mind-body relations is parted. So, for instance, we have neuropsychology and biological psychology; and the psychologies of cognition and approaches, on the other hand. One setting of sub-disciplines deals with the brain (body), the other ‑ with thoughts (mind): but these two sub-disciplines stay entirely dissimilar from each other. They are taught in separate elements, and their followers apply extremely different research plans, attending conferences and issuing researches almost entirely within the limits of the sub-discipline. The key assert of dualism is the matter of how the immaterial mind and the material body interact, while these are two different substances (material and immaterial). This is a notion that features important in non-European philosophies. Mental processes cause physical processes and vice-versa. And this statement raises the very question of the dualistic approach: how mind and body interact if these are diametrically different substances. This is called the “problem of interactionism.” (Baker, 1996). The key considerations on the matters of dualistic approaches are attributed to philosopher Rene Descartes, whose “Meditations” of 1642 demonstrate our culture’s characteristic realization of this matter. Descartes stated that human intelligence is a matter which is split from the body, and it is spaceless (in the meaning that it does not occupy any space). And it is constantly in close junction with the body, which is a space-occupying matter. The mind interrelates with the body (via the pineal gland) but stays split from it. Thus there is in human existence physical “substance,” the substance of nature and the material world, and mental “substance,” the place of considerations thoughts, experience, and other immaterial things may be found. Non-dualism In contrast with dualism, non-dualism regards mind and body as the only unit. Lots of traditions, cultures and philosophical approaches argue that the real condition or origin of realism is non-dualistic and that these divisions are either illusory or imprecise considerations. While approaches towards the realization of duality and self may differ, non-dual approaches congregate on the regard that the personality, or essence of personal being, control, is regarded to be an illusion as such non-dual approaches have essential overlap with spirituality. Non-dualism can submit to one of two kinds of quality. One is the quality of junction with reality, God. This quality is well known and can be gained impulsively and via the process of examination. A second quality is supreme by nature. This concept is not so widely known. As Ramana Maharshi (Indian non-dualistic tradition follower) once stated, the jnani (a person who realized the matter of self) regards no personal ego and does not consider himself to be a “performer” of acts. This state of realization is called jnana (“knowledge” or “wisdom”), taking into account the very idea that this creature (predominantly a human) is constantly aware of self-being. The matter of non-dualism is difficult to explain so easily as the essence of dualism, as a human may come to Jnana only after a thorough study of Indian wisdom and living according to the traditions attributed to Asian cultures. Briefly, it may be explained the following: people cannot be uncommitted to the things of which they are afraid, material or immaterial, nor can they regard these things separately. Severity and orgies are similar. “God bless you” and “I love you” are equal. The non-dualist may be uninterested in these and may not. Apathy and not indifference are very close to each other, and that explains that the world can not be divided into material and immaterial; consequently, the notion of self-states, that mind and body also can not be divided into two separate substances. (Birla, 1986). Conclusion The different views on the matter of world structure have their own followers, who find more and more confirmations of their righteousness. But actually, it is impossible to state what is right and what is wrong, as everyone comes to his or her own consideration, and it depends only on personal experience. References Baker, Gordon, and Katherine J. Morris. Descartes’ Dualism. London: Routledge, 1996. Birla, Ghanshyamdas. Alive in Krishna. New York: Paragon House, 1986. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Electronic devices in computers communicate by means of data flow. Data flow enables information to transit from one device to another when they are interconnected. Networks are specifically designed to enable the flow of data between two or more interconnected devices (Winkelman 1). Define the three types of data flow The modes of data transmission describe the way through which data is transferred from one device to another. There exist three types of data flow namely simple, half-duplex and full-duplex modes (Kuphaldt 1). Simplex Simplex mode is one in which the flow of data is unidirectional; that is, information flow in one direction only. In this regard, data flows from a transmitter to a receiver. In this case, no information goes back to the transmitter (Kuphaldt 1). Simplex mode is only applicable in situations where the receiver is not expected to transmit information. An example of this kind of communication is the BogusBus. Other examples include radios, televisions and point-of-sale devices. The diagram below shows a simplex communication mode Half-duplex Half-duplex mode is one in which the flow of data is multidirectional; that is, information flow in both directions. However, it should be noted that data flow is only allowed in any given direction at a time. In essence, data is received at a time or sent at a time. When data is sent, data cannot be received and vice versa. An example of a half-duplex mode of data flow is the communication between a server and a personal computer where data transmission takes turns (Kuphaldt 1). The diagram below shows a half-duplex communication mode Full-duplex Full-duplex mode is one in which the flow of data is in both directions simultaneously. It differs from half-duplex in that data flows simultaneously in a full-duplex while data flows in turns in half-duplex. An example of half-duplex mode of data flow is the communication between two people utilizing telephones (Kuphaldt 1). The diagram below shows a full-duplex communication mode What are the two principles of protocol layering? The first principle of protocol layering states that the two layers should have two opposite tasks. Essentially, the first principle infers that each layer should have the capability of performing two opposite tasks (Kim 6). The second principle states that the two layers should be alike. The second principle supposes that objects under each layer should be identical (Kasera 25). A sine wave is offset ¼ cycle with respect to time 0. What is its phase in degrees and radians? It is worth noting that 1 complete cycle is equivalent to 360 degrees. In this regard, phase value of the sine wave would be as follows (Keiser 126). 1/4 x 360° = 90 ° The phase value would be 90 , however, to compute in radians, it would be as follows List three properties of Infrared waves Infrared waves are electromagnetic waves, which extend from 0.75 micrometers to 1000 micrometers (1millimeter). Infrared waves also have a frequency range of between 300 Gigahertz and 400 Terahertz. Infrared waves have another property in that they can be absorbed or emitted by some atmospheric molecules that change rotational movements. These molecules include carbon dioxide, ozone molecules, water vapor and methane. Additionally, infrared waves also have thermal properties. Warm objects or hot objects emit infrared radiation (Kurtus 1). Works Cited Kasera, Sumit. Communication Networks: Principles and Practice , New York City, New York: Mc Graw-Hill education, 2006. Print. Keiser, Gerd. Local Area Networks . 2 nd ed. 2002. New York City, New York: Mc Graw-Hill education. Print. Kim, Yeongkwun. Chapter 2: Network Models . 2013. Kuphaldt, Tony. Data Flow: Chapter 14-Digital Communication . 2016. Kurtus, Ron. Infrared Radiation . 2010. Winkelman, Roy. Chapter 1: What is a Network? 2013. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Problems of Students Evaluating Essay Table of Contents 1. Main Post 2. Post: Professor and class 3. Post: Linda 4. Reference List Main Post Some think that student evaluation is unnecessary as it does not reflect the effectiveness of faculty. Thus, some students get frustrated as they think they do not benefit from their studies. One of the reasons for that is students’ miscomprehension of the teaching methods as they “simply don’t know what good teaching is” (Lord, 2008, p. 74). Indeed, students often learn about the teaching process in colleges from movies. Admittedly, students have their ideas on effective teaching, but they still do not see the whole picture. “Quality teachers” use the experience of generations and data obtained from research (Lord, 2008, p. 74). Therefore, students’ evaluation can be rather one-sided if implemented incorrectly. Several points should be included in the evaluation (for instance, a list of activities fulfilled during the class). A comprehensive evaluation can help reveal the effectiveness of faculty as students are witnesses of what is going on in classes. Post: Professor and class This post includes several integrated quotes that enrich the writing in several ways. For instance, the author’s opinion is more credible as the author refers to the exact words used in the paper analyzed. The writing is also more expressive as the discussion becomes livelier. It seems the authors of the post and the article are talking and it adds liveliness. The reader gets involved in the discussion and tends to choose sides. However, the post loses its credibility due to the absence of exact pages for the quotes. When the article is read, it becomes clear that words from that source are used. However, a person who has not read the article will not find the post reliable enough. Besides, it is a bit frustrating not to see page numbers as the reader can want to see the extract with the quote. Post: Linda In this post, two integrated quotes are used. The author provides good references and it makes the most credible and relevant. It is easy to detect the quotes in the original text if necessary. However, I feel that the quotes utilized do not support the writer’s argument, but are used to refer to the original article. I believe that quotes are used to stress the author’s opinion, so expressive phrases should be used. “Evaluation of instructors” does not show the author’s opinion, but simply refers to the subject matter of the article. The second quote seems out of place. The last sentence is very strong and expressive but it sounds a bit awkward with the quote. The tense used in the quote makes it stand out. I think another quote could fit better. I think Linda needs to choose quotes that reveal the author’s opinion to agree or disagree with. Reference List Lord, T. (2008). What? Did I fail? But I paid for those credits! Problems of students evaluating… Journal of College Science Teaching , 38(2), 72-75. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Heathrow airport 2. Discussion 3. Issues that passengers might face 4. Remedy 5. References Modern business strategies are considering the effects of internal processes on stakeholders as a strategy to create and maintain health business relationships. Business stakeholders include shareholders, customers, governments, and internal customers; their needs and expectations are paramount when developing business processes (Weiss, 2008). Heathrow airport is a London based international airport that connects over180 destinations in more than 90 countries; it offers departure services, arrival services and inter-fright connection services, the airport is managed by BAA. Stakeholder theory is management tool that looks into how ethical businesses are conducted in a certain industry or company; the theory advocates for mutual benefit of an organization and stakeholders through the impact that business processes have on social, economic and environmental attributes of life (Sassower,1988). This report analyzes how travelers, as stakeholders, are affected by Heathrow airport; it will use stakeholder’s theory for the analysis. Heathrow airport Heathrow airport is operated by BAA, according to 2010, airports review, the airport was ranked as the fourth busiest airport in the world and the busiest in United Kingdom in terms of passage and cargo volume. On average, the airports received 67 million passengers, with 11% traveling to UK destinations, 46% are long-haul and the rest are in short-haul international travelling (Heathrow airport Official Website, 2011). Discussion BAA is committed to understand and look into all spheres of customers that use the airports, they have facilities that enable the old, the disabled and other passengers to have a pleasant environment or stay in the airport. The airports policies respect Disability Discrimination Act (DDA); it has enacted appropriate measures to ensure that its services are continually improved to meet the needs of such people with special needs. The information is contained in it accessibility report and the management aims at improving the approach further. When a customer is in the airport, there are some guiding posts and signs that are aimed at guiding the customer to the destination; this happens at the time of departure and when arriving. The airport management has adopted the spirit of freelance organizational culture that ensures that every employee within the compound can be trusted to guide a passenger effectively. The company has five terminals each named effectively to direct a customer effectively. Under the stakeholders theory a firm addresses investors, employees, suppliers, and customers needs, the airport in recognition of the theory has enacted environmental conservational measures that facilitate good cooperation with stakeholders. As far as travelers are concerned, in the efforts of offering adequate and reliable information for decision making, the company has 24hou online chatting and checking system which travelers can use; incase there is a change in-flight schedules, then efforts are taken to advise customers effectively. Under the stakeholder’s theory, customer’s interest should be the forefront phenomenon; customers experience should be improved consistently; in this effort, the airport embarks on various rebranding, and compound conservations. Within the airport, the management has allowed some hospitality industry players to establish high quality and standards businesses, these businesses are allowed to fetch business form passengers; however, they should maintain high quality and efficiency. The establishments include five and four star hotels, massage setups, salons and barber shops, fast food joints, duty free shops, entertainment sites and shopping establishments. The reason to encourage such establishment is to ensure that travelers experience when using the airport is improved. In between flights and departure, or when a customer jets in the airport, the airport has invested in that time to offer a memorable experience. Taxi operators from companies with high reputation, and which maintain high standard vehicles operate the transport networks in the airport. The taxi operation and their safety is guaranteed by the management of the airport and incase of any misfortune the management takes up the issue. At periodical bases, there are some publics means of road and railway transport that are given access the airport, they include passenger busses, trains, bicycles and motor cycles. The flow of traffic is well regulated with the assistance of computer networks. Within the airport, a number of forex bureaus that are regulated by the airport management and expected to adhere to UK banking rules and regulations. The system is meant to offer foreign currency to travelers at the prevailing rates (Heathrow airport Official Website, 2011). Issues that passengers might face Although the airports performance is commendable, new users are likely to face culture shocks and language barriers. The airport receives passenger from different part of the world that have people with different cultures, experiences and expectations; the challenge offered by the cultural difference is that people might be stranded in the airport. Another challenge that might face travelers is lack of understanding of signs and language used; the adoption of the airports culture is more skewed to English setting thus non-English people might face difficulties understanding some of the signs and symbols. Remedy Heathrow airport should implements culture intelligence programs in its operations such that airport operators, whether dealing with travelers directly or indirectly, can guide travelers effectively. Secondly, at different points, the management should have language-translating machines that are user friendly that travelers from different parts of the world can use; this will boost communication within the airport. References Heathrow airport Official Website , 2011. Heathrow airport . Web. Sassower, R., 1988. The Business of Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics , (7)4,PP. 279-282. Weiss, J., 2008. Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach : New York: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Divine Comedy” by Dante Essay Table of Contents 1. Why is Capaneus so important in understanding Inferno? 2. Dante’s attitude toward Pier dell Vigne in Inferno XIII 3. Dante’s presentation of Lucifer (Inferno 34) 4. References Why is Capaneus so important in understanding Inferno? The seventh circle of Hell is where the violence against God (Blasphemers), Nature (Sodomites), and Art (Usurers) are found. The chief Blasphemer, Capaneus is known as one of the seven captains or kings who warred on Thebes. When he was scaling the wall of Thebes, he defied Jupiter who then struck down the blasphemer with his thunderbolt while Capaneus was saying, “come now, Jupiter, and strive with all your flames against me! Or are you braver at frightening timid maidens with your thunder, and razing the towers of your father-in-law Cadmus?”. Capaneus reminisced the battle of Phlegra in Thessaly, wherein the Titans tried to storm Olympus, and Jupiter drove them away with the help of the thunderbolts which Vulcan forged for him in Mongibello, Mt. Etna. Just like the Titans, he was also a giant and he was just as impious. In the same manner that Capaneus lost in the battle in Thebes, Dante depicts Capaneus as someone who is still suffering in defeat. His body is stretched on the sand continuously burning, as his rage against God, while fire persists to rain on him. Capaneus continues to mock God, and Virgil tells him that Capaneus will never win against God. When Capaneus was still alive he was scorning God, and in death, it is God who shall scorn him. Capaneus is important in understanding Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy because he embodies a soul that is so great and powerful, and yet can never win against God even after death, which provides an excellent moral lesson to the religious and the pagans. Dante’s attitude toward Pier dell Vigne in Inferno XIII Pier dell Vigne is found in the woods of the suicides. He was a prominent minister who served Emperor Frederick II and received his full confidence until the year 1247 where he was accused of treachery and was imprisoned and blinded. To escape further torture, he decided to take his own life. Like Dante, he was a great poet of the Sicilian School of Italian Poetry. Pier dell Vigne replied to Dante’s inquiries and spoke from the heart simply and passionately. Ironically, his name, Vigna literally means “vineyard”, and like a vine was attached to the trunk of a tree, waiting for harpies to punish them. Dante seemed to express pity towards his fellow poet who received excruciating punishment. Moreover, the fact that in the Last Judgment, Pier dell Vigne will be unable to bring his body as punishment for someone who did not cherish his body while he was still alive is something worth pity. Dante’s presentation of Lucifer (Inferno 34) Lucifer is found in the center of all hell, where half of his body towers over hell. His huge wings like that of a windmill beat and spread the icy wind in Cocytus which is the exhalation of all evil. Satan was depicted as a creature that was as ugly as he was beautiful when he was still known as Lucifer, one of the greatest angels and the bearer of light. Satan had three heads of different colors, red, whitish-yellow, and black, which is a parody of the Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In each mouth, he eternally rips the bodies of the three main figures that were treacherous to their masters. On the head towards his left and his right, the whitish-yellow and blackhead, as Brutus and Cassius who betrayed and killed their benefactor, Ceasar, who for Dante was the world’s supreme secular ruler. The two figures complimented Judas Iscariot’s betrayal of the man-god, Jesus Christ for thirty pieces of gold. Unlike Brutus and Cassius who have their feet engulfed first, Judas was made to suffer more with his head being chewed on first by the central head, and his back skinned by Satan’s claws. Aside from this, Satan is trying to escape from the icy pit in which he is trapped with the help of his huge wings but ends up being encased even more in the ice because of the cold winds brought about by his wings. References Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy (Translation, J. Ciardi), M.E. Mentor. 2002. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Racism Elimination and Sociological Strategies Essay The struggle against racism has attracted much attention. Much effort has been put into eliminating this destructive phenomenon. But racial minorities from all over the world continue to experience racial discrimination (Clair and Denis 10). The analysis of sociological theory exploring racism and sociological strategies for combating it helps to understand that sociology plays an important role in reducing the manifestations of racism in communities across the globe. The development of sociology and modern racism is interrelated (Hund and Lentin 23). The current sociological theory focuses on explaining the nature of racism and the causes of its existence (Andersen and Taylor 281). Sociological concepts relevant to racial problems include ethnocentrism, ethnic group closure, and resource allocation (Giddens and Griffiths 495). Ethnocentrism reflects the suspicion to outsiders while group closure reflects the groups’ disposition to maintain boundaries separating them from others (Giddens and Griffiths 496). Resource allocation is related to the inequalities in the distribution of material values. Three sociological theoretical perspectives explore the specifics of racism and the terms related to it, such as discrimination and prejudice. They include functionalist theory, symbolic interaction theory, and conflict theory. Functionalist theory suggests that the harmonic functioning of race and ethnic relations can be provided only by the process of assimilation. This process helps the minority to become absorbed into the dominant society. It happens by giving up much of the initial culture. Functionalists claim that only assimilation can help to avoid racial and ethnic problems. They also emphasize that racial and cultural pluralism leads to inevitable conflicts. Symbolic interaction theory claims that social interaction between different racial groups is the key to reducing hostility and avoiding racism. The theory suggests that certain conditions should be provided to make such interaction effects. It is necessary to ensure that the contact is sustained and maintained between people with equal status. Besides, social norms promoting equality should be agreed upon by all participants (Andersen and Taylor 282). Conflict theory is based on the notion that racial conflict is tied to class-based conflict. Such conflict is a fundamental part of social interaction (Andersen and Taylor 282). Conflict theory adherents claim that ethnic and racial conflicts can be lessened or eliminated only if the class inequality is reduced (Andersen and Taylor 282). The analysis of basic concepts related to racism in sociology helps to reveal the premises to the development of sociological strategies for combating racism. Such strategies include actions aimed at collecting necessary relevant data, using this data in practice in the process of creating appropriate laws, training, and policies, and assessing the results of actions taken to eliminate the racism and analyze their results. The sociological strategy based on collecting necessary data includes actions aimed at revealing the specifics of social processes leading to the dominance of racism. Employment of such a strategy leads to providing society with relevant statistics. Such statistics demonstrate the nature of racism and the conditions necessary for reducing it. Such actions help to formulate the pattern of development of racism in different communities. They also contribute to the evolvement of effective methods of shaping certain social conditions in such a way that manifestations of racism are eliminated. Collecting the data about the contexts for racially discriminating practices and the social contexts within which racism strategically raises help sociologists to benefit society with statistics. Such data is necessary for considering efficacious actions towards the elimination of racism (Guerin 65). Therefore, sociological activities related to statistical analysis of all aspects of social behaviors contributing to the development of racism help social workers master their methods for combating racism. Using the statistical data on practice in the process of creating appropriate laws, training, and policies is another sociological strategy for the fight against racism. Sharing statistical results with those members of society that directly affect the activities related to the elimination of racism is one of the most important duties of sociologists investigating this phenomenon. Informing the society about the results of sociological investigations plays an important role in the development of appropriate laws, policies, and training for social workers. Cooperation of sociologists from different countries and the exchange of statistical data and corresponding analysis make an essential part of creating broad multicultural strategies and policies (Berman and Paradies 222). Such policies should be based on the evidence collected by sociologists from all over the world. Assessing the results of actions taken to eliminate the racism by different authorities and providing statistical analysis of these results are another important sociological strategy for combating racism. Such activities are necessary for providing society with knowledge about the effectiveness of current actions and directions for future improvements. Such directions and improvements are necessary for ensuring the efficacy of the struggle against racism. Sociological strategies should be employed to end racism. Sociology can provide the society with appropriate data on the nature of racism, its causes, and the efficacy of possible solutions. Collecting statistical data, using it to improve current policies and make them function better, and carefully assessing of gained results of such actions can be considered effective methods of combating racism used in sociology. Providing appropriate sociological activities aimed at the effective analysis of certain statistics is the key to achieving good results in eliminating racism. Works Cited Andersen, Margaret, and Howard Taylor. Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society . 4th ed. 2008. Belmont, California: Thomson Wadsworth. Print. Berman, Gabrielle, and Yin Paradies. “Racism, Disadvantage and Multiculturalism: Towards Effective Anti-Racist Praxis.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 33.2 (2010): 214-232. Print. Clair, Matthew, and Jeffrey Denis. Sociology of Racism . 2015. Web. Giddens, Anthony, and Simon Griffiths. Sociology . 5th ed. 2006. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity. Print. Guerin, Bernard. “Combating Everyday Racial Discrimination without Assuming Racists or Racism: New Intervention Ideas from a Contextual Analysis.” Behavior and Social Issues 14.1 (2005): 46-70. Print. Hund, Wulf, and Alana Lentin. Racism and Sociology , Munster, Germany: Lit Verlag, 2014. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Siemens Company’s Ethical Issues Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary of the case 2. Ethical issue 3. Why this is unethical 4. The affected parties 5. Leadership issue Summary of the case Siemens, a large electronic firm headquartered at Munich in Germany, had developed a culture of corruption in its dealings. This firm’s customers are organizational buyers who make huge purchases once they make approval of the firm’s products. Most of these clients were governments all over the world, or other large organizations. Siemens had formed the habit of giving out bribes to the decision makers in these organizations in order to win tenders. Top managers of this firm supported this corruption, and even after the German government enacted stricter laws, this firm did not stop its corrupt dealings. This went on until a Saudi Arabian who was demanding for his share of the bribe blackmailed the firm. When the issue was finally brought before the law, several top executives of this firm were found guilty of authorizing the corrupt dealings. They were forced to resign, faced graft charges in court, and had to pay huge fines. The firm was also forced to pay fines to various governments because of its unethical acts. The board had to hire new top officials to who would bring new changes to this firm. Ethical issue In this case, the ethical issue that comes out is the illegal manner in which this firm was securing tender in various countries. This industry is very competitive, and other firms have a right to win these tenders if they are able to prove that they can offer the best value at the most competitive costs. When Siemens uses bribe to win such tenders, it blinds the decision of the tendering board and this will give them an upper hand in winning the tender even if their product is not of the best value. This amounts to unfair business practice in the market. Why this is unethical This practice is unethical because it denies other firms a fair chance to win such tenders in the market. It is unethical to break the law. When the law states that it is illegal to bribe officials in order to win a tender, going against this law in itself is unethical. It is important for this firm to appreciate that influencing the decision of the tendering board in their favor may have negative image on the firm in the market. The market will start doubting its ability to meet its demands. This means that the ultimate victim of this practice is the firm when these dealings are finally revealed. This is what finally happened to this firm. The affected parties A number of parties are affected by this unethical practice. The first party affected by this practice is the firm itself. The exposure of this practice did not only harm its image in the market but also made it lose $ 1.63 billion dollars in fine. It was also barred from bidding in some tenders for some time. Competitors of this firm suffered due to the unfair business practice employed by this firm. They could not win tenders even with superior products. The individual employees at the top management were also affected because of the fines and jail terms they were given in courts. Leadership issue The main leadership issue arising from this case is the need to be responsible for all the actions taken by each of the top employees. Each of the managers must be responsible for actions taken by his or her office, and all other offices under him or her. The case also points out the need to have a centralized management approach where the chief executive will monitor and be directly responsible for all the actions of the employees. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
For example, scientists have invented a way to edit the genome of human embryos using CRISPR technology. The development of the CRISPR genome editing technology was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020. This development has not yet been improved to the point where it can be introduced into human use. Nevertheless, the technology of genome editing has already revealed its positive and negative sides. The negative side of this development is its imperfection and the lack of a sufficient number of clinical trials. This study has not yet been finalized to the extent that scientists can allow it to operate in the conditions of real people. Moreover, some tests show that this technology does not correct genomes but eliminates some embryo chromosomes. This can lead to negative consequences, such as mutations. The positive side of genome editing technology is that it can help eliminate severe hereditary diseases transmitted from parents to children. In addition, this technology can help treat complex diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and HIV. Human genome editing is not aimed at treating diseases in adults and embryos, but at preventing diseases (Androno et al. 2020). In this case, the development can save many people’s lives and ensure a healthy life for the child. However, in order to conduct research and improve the technology, scientists need to conduct experiments on real people, which cannot be allowed, at least on an ethical level. Naturally, conducting research will require certain financial costs since it is pretty severe and complex. The costs will likely be justified when this technology becomes widespread and will help save many people’s lives, even in the embryo stage. In this regard, scientists should continue to work on the development of technology. Unfortunately, it will be challenging to find people willing to allow experiments on themselves or an embryo. In conclusion, this technology is aimed at improving the lives of children and adults in the future. Still, it is also impossible to exclude the possibility of developing mutations that can significantly complicate and worsen people’s lives. In this regard, the question of introducing this technology into widespread use remains open. One way or another, science does not stand still, and scientists will be able to develop technology and transform it for the benefit of society thanks to new technologies. Reference Andorno, R., Baylis, F., Darnovsky, M., Dickenson, D., Haker, H., Hasson, K., Lowthorp, L., Annas, G.J., Bourgain, C., Drabiak, K., Graumann, S., Grüber, K., Kaiser, M., King, D., Kollek, R., MacKellar, C., Nie, J., Obasogie,O.K., Fang M.T., … Zuscinova, J. (2020). Geneva statement on heritable human genome editing: The need for course correction. Trends in Biotechnology, 38 (4), 351-354. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
E-Payment System Failure and Risk Management Plan Case Study Problems Resulting from Poor Implementation The innovative system installed in the bars of the Alvalade XX1 failed on the day of inauguration. Specifically, the Cartao 21, which is a payment system, failed to detect the payment cards. Besides, the cards were not activated at the POSs by the bartenders because they were overwhelmed by the number of customers demanding services. This means that the cards were not activated at the point of purchase and the system could not accept cash payment. This is because the cash drawer was not properly configured to open for manual cash payment alternative. The bartenders were not furnished with the necessary codes and only two staff members were available to reconfigure all the forty-two POSs spread across the big stadium. In instances where the POSs were properly reconfigured to allow the alternative manual cash payment, the system failed to perform its function because prices of some items had not been fed into the database. Also, it took relatively a long time to complete a single transaction because the cycle time per transaction was 45 seconds. The wireless terminals also failed to work as anticipated. Key Roots of Failure The first challenge is the lack of pre-testing of the system before the day of inauguration. If the team had done this, they would have noticed the shortcomings and made appropriate adjustments. Besides, the bartenders were not subjected to prior training on how to handle the system, what codes to use, and how to address possible challenges that come with the use of the e-payment software. The last key root cause of the problem is the failure by the system provider to give a backup plan or staff to facilitate implementation and follow up. Root Causes that can be addressed with Proper Risk Management Plan The failure to train employees on the dynamics and operation of the system before integration can be addressed through proper risk management since the plan would highlight the significance of project implementer training, as part of the project administration. This aspect would have minimized the risk of failure as a result of an imbalance between the system and the necessary skills needed for successful execution. Besides, the failure by the system provider to give a backup plan or staff to facilitate implementation and follow up could be addressed by a proper project risk management plan. If there was a good plan in place to manage possible risks, the project implementation agencies would have highlighted the need for follow up and active involvement in project implementation, since the event occurred when the project was still underway. The project can only be handed over after testing and actual inauguration. Therefore, a proper risk management plan would have anticipated such occurrences and created strategies for addressing them before they occur. In the above case, the project administration, especially in terms of risk management, was very poor. Suggested Risk Management Plan In the implementation of the e-payment system at Casa XX1, the risk management plan should include the aspect of the provision of alternative B in the event of failure of alternative A. In this case, the configuration of codes to allow manual payment as an alternative to e-payment ought to have been well planned, tested, and integrated in the current skill levels of the bartenders. This strategy would have given room for continuous training and system functioning internalization by the bartenders. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The people who were at the convention were concerned about slavery in America. This was to be agreed between the Northern and the Southern delegates. The Southern delegates wanted slavery to continue, so that their economy could be boosted, but the Northern delegates wanted the end of black slavery (Henretta, Brody, & Dumenil, 2007). The Northern delegates were against this slavery not because they were caring for black people, but because they feared the increment of black people population in Southern part. This was regarded as a complicated agreement although at the end both sides came into agreement. In January 1808, the slave trade was officially terminated in the United States constitution. There was another major agreement that was to be made about the legislation. Hamilton plan was considered being the most appropriate. Other men in the convention accepted the features in his plan. It was agreed to have a bicameral legislation in the constitution that is both the lower and the upper house (Jesup, 2009). The lower house would be the assembly that would be elected by people, and the other one the senate offering lifetime services. The senate would be made of two senators, each representing one state. The venues and times of conducting elections of government officials were agreed upon in the constitution. The house membership, rules and regulations to be adhered to were also included in the constitution. The process of legislation and revenue bills were stated clearly in this constitution and agreed upon. Both the powers of the congress and his limitations on duties were deeply discussed and the final solutions were written down. It was also agreed that different states would be denied some powers like entering into a treaty concerning sensitive matters (Henretta, Brody, & Dumenil, 2007). The powers and responsibilities of the president and his vice were agreed upon. For instance, it was agreed that both the president and his vice should serve in their offices for a period of four years. Any conviction of high crimes like treason was decided to be the major reason behind disqualification of high government officials including the president. The constitution also stated clearly about the bill of rights. The first amendment was the freedom of religion and press (Jesup, 2009). This consisted of the freedom of people to peacefully assemble, and respect of religion beliefs. Second amendment was the right to bear arms to the militia people due to security purposes of the nation. The third amendment was about quartering of soldiers, which stated that no soldier should be quartered when the nation is in peace without the knowledge of the house owner. The fourth amendment was on search and Seizure stating that people should be offered security outside and inside their houses. People should also be protected against unreasonable searches (Jesup, 2009). The Fifth Amendment is about the trial and punishment that any person has a right to refuse to be held answerable for a crime if there is no accusation of a grand jury. The sixth amendment is about the right of people to speed up their trials and confrontation of witnesses. Other rights that were agreed upon include removal of cruel and unusual punishment and the right on construction of constitution. Reference List Henretta, J. A., Brody, D., & Dumenil, L. (2007). Americas History: Volume 1: to 1877. (6 th ed), ISBN 0312452853, Bedford Books, New York. Jesup, F. (2009). The American Constitution . ISBN1110562799, 9781110562794, BiblioLife, Boston. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In this case, it could be said Apple Inc. can be referred to as one of the examples of the firms, which determined the correlation between external fluctuations and organic networking. Initially, Steve Jobs, the leader of the company, faced numerous obstacles on Apple’s way to success (Bolman & Deal, 2013). Proposing changes to the business culture was a requirement, as the company lacked the internal integration of the business units. At the same time, the competitors such as Samsung and Sony started their active marketing campaigns and shifted their market shares (Bolman & Deal, 2013). In this case, Jobs modified the internal structure of the company and consolidated engineering and programming departments while adjusting his actions to the changes and contingencies of the rival firms (Bolman & Deal, 2013). Thus, his charismatic leadership style and the focus on innovative ideas were the primary goals of the company’s increase in market share. Consequently, the critical aim of the paper is to discuss the application of contingency theory in this context and determine the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. Theory and the Correlation between Turbulence and Organic Networking In the context of Apple, this case pertains to contingency theory. In this case, Steve Jobs recognized the importance of externalities and the need to adjust the collaboration with the employees and modify business objectives and the ways to ensure compliance with the initial business strategy (Morgan, 2006). The representatives of this theory see a clear connection between the changes in the external environment and the sufficient flow of information due to the redesigned structure. The ability to detect these modifications helps enhance the company’s competitive edge, as it pertains to the actions of the rival firms. Understanding this link was one of the critical reasons for Apple’s ability to regain its position in the market, as Jobs was able to provision changes and modify the leadership modes to shape a competitive edge. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Approach Despite a bright example of Apple, the application of contingency theory has its advantages and drawbacks. Firstly, this approach uses multiple modes of leaderships (Morgan, 2006). It pertains to the fact that Jobs was able to adjust his styles to the external contingencies and respond to the actions of the competitors while increasing Apple’s recognition. Alternatively, applying contingency theory implies a high level of flexibility. In the context of Apple, the company always followed its initial strategy of being the innovative leader in the market. It differentiated itself by high-quality products and exceptional design solutions. Nonetheless, applying the concepts of contingency theory allowed the firm to modify its objectives and organizational structure to comply with the initial mission statement. Overall, the described advantages pertain to Apple’s shift in its innovative initiatives (Morgan, 2006). Nonetheless, the primary weakness is its reactive nature, as this contingency theory implies high responsiveness to changes (Bolman & Deal, 2013). In the majority of cases, using these concepts limits company’s development (Bolman & Deal, 2013). However, Jobs minimized its consequences and created a balanced blend of proactive and reactive concepts. References Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2013). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership . San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A Response to the Play 2. The similarity in Sociopolitical Themes 3. The genre of the Play 4. Style of the Play A Response to the Play August: Osage County is a play by Tracy Letts. It tells a story of a mother and her three daughters that come to visit after their father disappears for five days. I chose to read this play because of its high acclaim among critics and a genuinely surprising amount of international adaptations. I believe that games that are so often adapted have some type of universal appeal that goes beyond cultural differences. The play is also often referred to as a “dark comedy,” which is one of my favorite genres. However, after reading the game, I found it hard to see the comedic aspect of it. The events of the story are very dark, and despite the comedic tone of the dialogue in some scenes, the heaviness of the atmosphere prevents them from being funny. Nevertheless, I enjoyed the complex connections that characters have to each other, and the drama of the play elicits powerful emotions. All of the main characters of the play end the story in a more or less miserable state of mind. Their lives are changed by this visit, and not in a positive way. One daughter’s fiancé tries to molest a young girl, but she chooses to ignore it, to remain in the illusion of happiness. Another daughter wanted to marry her cousin, but her mother reveals that her future husband is, in fact, her half-brother. She is shocked by the revelation but does not want her mother to ruin her life once more. Instead, she leaves, deciding to never tell her fiancé the truth. Such miserable resolutions to their stories made this play the most emotionally affecting out of all I have read during the course. This made me like the play, but it is unlikely that I would reread it. The similarity in Sociopolitical Themes Death of a Salesman is a play by Arthur Miller. Just like Letts’ play, it involves a family in a state of crisis. Both games have characters that are suffering from mental health issues that developed later in life. The theme of mental illness and the difficulty of confronting mentally ill members of the family are explored in different ways, but in both instances, it leads to unfortunate ends for them. Violet, the mother of the family in Osage County, started slowly losing her mind after becoming addicted to prescription drugs. She is exceptionally irritable throughout the play and, at times, becomes unable to interact with others due to her condition. Her brain is damaged due to excessive use of prescription drugs, almost constant stress, and depression that she experiences. By the end of the play, her actions drive all of her family away, and she completely loses her grip on reality. The game uses the theme of mental issues to ask a question about the balance of caring for yourself or caring for the family. The father of the family in Miller’s play also develops mental issues later in life. He becomes obsessed with the past and is bent on his sons achieving greatness, despite the impossibility of this dream. At multiple points, he becomes delusional and even sees a vision of his long-dead brother, which leads to his suicide. Mental illness leads to the family receiving money from Willy’s life insurance, but it does not bring them happiness. In both cases, mental illness changes the way that the characters live and creates a lot of stress for the characters. The genre of the Play The genre of the play is similar to that of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet . As I stated earlier, despite the indicated genre of the game is a dark comedy, its events put it distinctly into the tragedy category. The three sisters can be considered the protagonists in Letts’ story. While they are flawed, they are still motivated by the desire to help their mother in her time of need. They are admirable, but over the course of the play, their lives are ruined. In the end, even the daughter that tried her best to assist her mother decides to leave her to die alone and delusional. Hamlet is likewise an admirable character whose life is ruined in his pursuit of revenge for his father. He commits immoral acts to fulfill his goal, and eventually he is almost unrecognizable by the end of the play, and no character escapes a miserable lot. Style of the Play The play is told in a realistic style, with the characters acting naturally and without unique elements. Additional detail is given to the connections that the characters have between each other. These connections serve to advance the plot in a variety of plays, from characters overhearing secrets or their past history leading to issues. John Patrick Shanley’s Doubt: A Parable is also told with similar realism. Shanley deliberately uses a realistic setting to make the reader become immersed in the ambiguity of Father Flynn’s guilt. Both plays use realism to make the readers relate to the characters and focus their attention on the conflict. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Concept of Standardized Testing in Education Essay Standard tests are based on accepted standards of test development. Anyone undertaking a standardized test tackles a similar set of questions under similar instructions. The tests’ grading is based on the same criteria. These aspects create a common ground for everyone regardless of diverse school systems. Through the tests, government agencies and other concerned parties can monitor a student and school’s performance. An individual’s performance can be evaluated as improving, deteriorating, or stagnant. By evaluating the standardized test scores, various problems affecting a school can be identified and the curriculum changed to address the student’s needs. The tests help to motivate both the students and teachers in their respective undertakings. These tests set high expectations for students holding them accountable by the results that they present. Thus, they have to attach a significant level of seriousness to education. Standardized testing does not provide an effective means of evaluating all individual’s abilities. Using the standardized test results as the main factor regarding ability tracing affects how the teachers teach, and the student learning. A significant percentage of the test fails to address the course objectives. It puts unfair demands on students and teachers and thus affects their social and emotional well-being. Poor performance leads to disillusionment and reduced motivation. This aspect also affects the teacher-student relationship. The pressurization also causes teachers to focus their teaching on the areas to be tested, as they know beforehand what is on the test and want to post good results. Often, they end up ignoring the other topics that require coverage to spend more time on the concepts that will be tested. Thus, although the students may post good test results, their curriculum will have considerably narrowed. The various theories that formed the basis of standardized testing are outdated. Researchers and psychologists have disapproved the Behavioralist theory, which emphasised that complex tasks, can be broken down into smaller skills which when learned, one would have mastered the greater task. Furthermore, standardized testing fails to consider diversity. It does not consider issues such as ADHD that hamper student’s performance. Some students suffer from test anxiety, which affects their performance. Standardized testing also disregards cultural diversity whereby the test fails to consider the different cultural backgrounds of the test takers. The tests are written in English language a factor that affects the non-native speakers who have difficulties interpreting the questions. Standardized testing has both the positive and negative aspects. Balancing both sides will considerably contribute to an effective education system. Student’s evaluation to determine their progress is vital. However, various factors that render some students disadvantaged and thus cannot compete favourably with others must be considered in the creation of a testing system that is completely fair to everyone. The current theories such as the Differential learning and Motivation theories that suggest that learning is a complex relationship between the student and his or her environment should be considered in the establishment of new forms of ability evaluation. The over-emphases on the posting of good results that pressurizes the students and teacher causing them to result to inappropriate means of ensuring good performance should be discouraged. The test should evaluate other aspects in addition to the classroom ability so that every student’s ability can be identified. Bringing out the aspect of success in one area will motivate a student to improve in others. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) focuses on clinical and fundamental research, as well as health and illness research training (Fitzpatrick & Kazer, 2012). The research work is meant to enhance health and prevent diseases. It also aims at improving the quality of life. Furthermore, it aims at improving health disparities. Several program initiatives and research projects such as End of Life and Palliative Care Initiative have been identified. This was after the realization that many people die due to a lack of proper care from the healthcare providers and the community at large. In addition, it had been realized that the advancements that have been realized in medicine and public health are instrumental to long life spans (Clark, 2013). The health professionals and the community should commit themselves to improving care for dying patients, particularly young children and old people. The NINR works with other institutions such as to sponsor the aforementioned initiatives: End of Life and Palliative Care Initiative (Hinshaw & Grady, 2011). These two initiatives are related to research, education of the health care providers, and community involvement. Social science, biological, and behavioral approaches apply in NINR’s end-of-life and palliative initiatives. These strategies enhance an understanding of the challenges that patients with life threatening diseases face. They also help the caregivers to address the challenges. NINR supports researchers as they explore interventions to come up with ways of providing patients with high quality and evidence based palliative care. Some of the research topics included in the initiatives include caregivers and providers, using effective palliative care to relieve pain, and suffering and distressing symptoms among others (Hinshaw & Grady, 2011). The NINR supports researches in end-of-life and palliative care initiatives for various reasons. The first reason is to understand the complex issues associated with palliative and end-of-life care. The second reason is to establish and apply relevant strategies to reduce both the physical and psychological burdens of the caregivers, especially when the patient they are caring for is in the stage of end-of –life. The third reason for conducting research in the two initiatives is to create communication strategies for patients, families, clinicians, and communities (Fitzpatrick & Kazer, 2012). This helps the caregivers to make decisions in complex care or treatment options in life threatening illnesses. Current Funding Priorities NINR and institutes of NIH provide funds for researches and training. The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) allocates 6 per cent of its budget for researches and training (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2013). Compared to the other NIH institutes, NINR provides a higher proportion. Many nurse researchers are faculty members in nursing colleges. This institute intends to provide the next generation of nurses with the relevant faculty to educate them. NINR main objective is to assist the institute. This is particularly in directing funding decisions to relevant researches. The institute has experts to identify areas that need research work (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2013). This ensures that the institute’s fund gets directed to the most prioritized researches. The NINR is guided by various body’s and organizations in carrying outs its mandate. In general, NINR funds researches that focus on innovation. Nurse scientists with capabilities of discovering new solutions are more considered by NINR than those that research on the existing solutions. References Clark, D. (2013). Transforming the culture of dying: The work of the Project on Death in America . New York: Oxford University Press. Fitzpatrick, J.J., & Kazer, M.W. (2012). Encyclopedia of nursing research . New York: Springer Pub. Grove, S.K., Burns, N., & Gray, J. (2013). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence . St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Saunders. Hinshaw, A.S., & Grady, P.A. (2011). Shaping health policy through nursing research . New York, NY: Springer. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Grand Canyon and Its Potential Essay The Grand Canyon is one of the most grandiose sightseeing spots in the world. It took quite some time to discover and explore this natural work of art due to the structure’s immense size. Over time, the Grand Canyon became one of the symbols of the United States and the State of Arizona in particular. It is crucial to investigate the past of the Grand Canyon in order to realize its potential and see how this natural wonder could affect human lives beyond traveling and sightseeing. The current paper will conduct a thorough study of three articles on the topic of the Grand Canyon to validate that idea. First, it must be noted that the history and culture of Americans living in the area are directly connected to the Grand Canyon. For example, Sara Maverick suggested that the rich human history could not be left behind since Native American tribes and numerous miners and archaeologists visited and explored the Grand Canyon throughout the years (“The Grand Canyon,” 2022). Maverick talked about how the Anasazi became one of the biggest groups to populate the Grand Canyon in an attempt to protect themselves from nomads. Nevertheless, it is believed that a severe drought has forced the Anasazi to leave their houses carved inside the Grand Canyon (“The Grand Canyon,” 2022). The rich history of mining also haunts this natural wonder to this day, as some of the mines located in the Grand Canyon produced silver, copper, and uranium oxide. Conversely, one should pay attention to the geological history of the Grand Canyon and appreciate its natural features. For instance, Marisol West dwelled on the presence of 2-billion-year-old rocks at the bottom of the Grand Canyon (“The Grand Canyon,” 2022). As a result of a powerful erosion, the Grand Canyon remains a gigantic reminder of the previous eras when natural calamities were much more severe and powerful. The fact that the Grand Canyon is still home to the Navajo Indians shows how the natural state of the structure was preserved. Every geologic event that occurred since the first settlements of the Anasazi shaped the Grand Canyon in a number of unique ways that are visible to today’s tourists (“The Grand Canyon,” 2022). Thus, numerous floods and erosions only made the Grand Canyon even more grandiose than before. The Grand Canyon National Park supported the ultimate topic of discussion that has to be covered. Park team members described the South Rim of the Grand Canyon as one of the most important landscapes across the natural wonder (“Grand Canyon,” 2022). It can be noted that there are various flora and fauna species populating the canyon area, from the gray-green forests to gopher snakes. Even though precipitation on the South Rim is severely limited (approximately 15 inches per annum), some of the animals and plants easily survive the heat and the lack of water. In order to see all of the unique species, visitors have to use their receptors carefully. Overall, it is safe to say that the Grand Canyon truly affects humans beyond being a sightseeing spot and a natural wonder. For many scientists and research enthusiasts, the Grand Canyon is going to remain an unremitting source of knowledge. Many visitors would be amazed by the history of the Anasazi and the Navajo Indians who lived and still live inside the Grand Canyon, respectively. Hence, the Grand Canyon is an impressive natural wonder that appeals to everyone. Work Cited The Grand Canyon . (2022). Lecture. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Autocracy Lesson in “The Wave” Film Essay The Wave is a group of students who are guided by the school teacher Rainer Wenger. To a great extent, it emerged as a result of the experiment which was aimed at showing that even modern people could be manipulated by authoritarian rulers. The relations among people within this group are based on autocratic principles according to which an individual should display loyalty to the leader and other members. It is possible to say that the Wave affects mostly those students who feel insecure and unconfident. For example, one can mention Tim who is an unsecure person with very low self-esteem. To a great extent, the Wave gives him some sense of belonging. As a person who organized this experiment, Rainer Wenger remains relatively unaffected by the Wave, at least at the beginning. However, later he notices that sometimes he acts as a totalitarian leader who can use force or coercion in order to achieve his goals. He becomes accustomed to the idea that other people follow his commands. The main issue is that outside parties such as teachers or parents do not express much concern with the existence of the Wave because they do not expect that this project will entail any risks. The only exception is Wenger’s wife who sees that her husband turns into a commanding and aggressive person. It should be noted that students can identify both positive and negative aspects of being a member of the Wave. For instance, Tim felt that due to the Wave he was no longer an outcast in the group. Moreover, Bomber turns from a bully into a sociable person. These people do not object to the existence of the Wave. However, Karo, who is a diligent student, believes that students should not join this autocratic group. It is possible to distinguish several requirements that the members of the Wave had to meet. There were some formal standards such as the necessity to wear jeans and white shirts. Nevertheless, one should pay more attention to the expected standards of behavior. Each participants of the experiment are expected to be loyal to other members of the group. They also have to sacrifice their own interests for the wellbeing of others. More importantly, they are not allowed to contradict the commands of the leader. There are several events that prompt Rainer Wenger to end the experiment. First of all, he begins to see that the students within the group are hostile to people who are not the members of the Wave. Moreover, those people, who do not agree with the autocratic rules of the group, can be ostracized by the students. This issue is particularly relevant when one speaks about Karo who objects to the existence of the Wave. Apart from that, Rainer Wenger begins to see some changes in his own behavior, especially after the quarrel with his wife. In particular, it becomes obvious to him that autocratic leadership appeals to him. One should also speak about the feelings of Rainer Wenger when he realizes that the experiment has gone too far. Apparently, it is very difficult for him to tell the students the Wave has to be disbanded. He understands that many students enjoy being part of the group, and they do not see why this project should not be continued. So, Wenger realizes that these people can be significantly disappointed with him as a leader and as a teacher. This is one of the main issues that should not be overlooked. Nevertheless, Rainer Wenger underestimates the possible effects of the Wave on some of the students. In this case, one should focus on Tim for whom the Wave becomes practically the sole purpose of life. He cannot accept the idea that this group will not exist. Eventually Tim shoots another student and ultimately commits suicide. This is how Wenger’s experiment turns into a tragedy. One can offer different interpretations that can explain Tim’s behavior. First of all, he is accepted by other people only when he is the member of the Wave. He is afraid of becoming an outsider once again. Furthermore, when Tim is within the group, he no longer suffers from the lack of self-esteem. This is why he is so attached to this movement. It seems that these factors are critical for understanding his actions. It seems that Rainer Wenger should be held responsible for this tragedy. He should have known that his experiment could have threatened the emotional wellbeing of many students. He could have disbanded the Band at the time when he detected the changes in the behavior of learners. Overall, this moral responsibility is extremely important for people who are engaged in social or psychological research while this teacher completely overlooked the ethical dimensions of his project. Certainly, one can say that Rainer Wenger did not want to harm students. He just intended to demonstrate that every community or group of people could become totalitarian or autocratic. To a great extent, The Wave was supposed to serve as a warning to students. The main problem is that Wenger disregarded the possible dangers of the project. It is possible to say that his experiment achieved its goals, but its effects were unpredictable. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cityscapes in “Geography of Nowhere” by J. Kunstler Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Review 3. Bibliography 4. Footnotes Introduction James Howard Kunstler, in his book “Geography of Nowhere” covers the issues that arise from overly extensive development. The focus of the book lies especially on the so-called “man-made landscape.” This landscape represents the beautiful, non-standard buildings that used to be quite common, only a few decades ago. This paper will focus on reviewing the first three chapters of the book. Review The first chapter is titled “Scary Places,” and its focus is on the childhood of the writer. He starts the book with an aside about the movie “Who Framed Roger Rabbit?” The movie presented a scene where the villain explains his plan, which sounds exactly like our lives today 1 . With that aside the author makes his position clear, he is strongly against urbanization. Then, Kunstler proceeds to write about how the word “development” became a dirty word thanks to the never-ending urbanization and standardized architecture. He talks about how the majority of everything built in the United States has been built in the last fifty years, with little to no variation or imagination. He presents an oppressive view of the modern cities and writes that this was the inspiration for writing this book. 2 The second half of the chapter is dedicated to his childhood experience of growing up in a development called Northwood. He writes about the beauty of the place before the construction of the development has truly started. One of the more important things he mentions in this part is the house where he moved to as a child. Despite the popularity of the split-level houses, the author lived in a non-standard home, which in part, gave him the love for the unique buildings and non-standard “man-made” landscapes 3 . The second chapter is titled “American Space,” and its focus lies in the origins of the American love for expansion. Throughout the chapter, he writes about the Puritan Pilgrims who arrived in America in the 1600s 4 . Kunstler writes about the mental leap these people had to make to take a chance and move to America. Their beliefs of the place were far from the truth, but they have not faltered and eventually gained a foothold in the new country. He covers their conflicts with the English government and eventually connects their arrival with the expansion of townships, connections between cities, and other improvements that would eventually become urbanization 5 . Then he covers how other colonists received and developed their land throughout the country. After the American Revolution, the land became even more available, and people increased their spread all across the country. He ends the chapter by talking about how new American laws facilitated the growth of the country 6 . The third chapter is called “Life on the Gridiron,” Kunstler writes about how the idea of buildings cities on a grid, developed over time. He puts the origins of it in the selling of land to settlers in blocky chunks, making grids almost naturally. Then he talks about the drawbacks of this plan. Such as disregard of topography by the lines, and the difficulty of creating rural villages when farms are scattered across the land. At first, the idea of a grid was connected only to private individuals, which would eventually result in towns composed of blocks, instead of civic places 7 . The advantages of this grid are the economy of buildings and easy orientation. Then finishes the chapter by writing about how the new American cities managed to avoid the spread of slums and the dangers of industrial cities of Europe, thanks to their abundance of land and lack of historical connections 8 . Bibliography Kunstler, James Howard. 1994. The Geography of Nowhere . New York: Simon & Schuster. Footnotes 1. Kunstler James Howard, The Geography of Nowhere (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 9. 2. Kunstler, The Geography of Nowhere , 11. 3. Ibid., 12 4. Ibid., 18 5. Ibid., 19 6. Ibid., 26 7. Ibid., 30 8. Ibid., 37 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Teamwork is essential in every business establishment (Bontis, Crossan & Hulland, 2002; Easterby-Smith, Thorpe & Jackson, 2012; Kotler, 2011). The Electrolux CEO broke down the barriers of communication that negatively impacted the productivity of workers and the overall performance outcomes of the firm. Before he took the drastic changes, departments were working independently, with limited communication and exchange of ideas among personnel (Ivancevich, Konopaske & Matteson, 2012). The CEO was worried that the company would lose out on cheap products in the market. There was increased competition in the United States and the company could be forced to close unless the CEO affected the drastic changes within the business establishment. He urged his marketers, designers, and engineers to work together so that they could design and produce products that could fetch good prices in the market. He believed that the quality of products of the firm could help it remain in the market, which was characterized by a high level of competition. To speed up the rate at which the communication changes could be implemented, the CEO hired business executives from business organizations that were characterized by an unrivaled history of innovation (Ivancevich et al., 2012). For example, he ensured that he recruited executives from Procter & Gamble and PepsiCo. The new executives could lead other employees in all the departments within the firm to increase their communication, which would be utilized to increase the efficiency of the organization. What are the advantages of Electrolux of having individuals from different departments and functional areas work together on product design? Departments within a firm specialize in certain production activities. However, all the activities are aimed at producing one final product. Coordination of production events in all sections within a company is essential because it improves the quality of products that are manufactured. At Electrolux, there were concerns that the products that were produced were of low quality (Ivancevich et al., 2012). Thus, it was prudent for the CEO to aim at linking all the departments so that people would collectively work on the product design. Coordination of events across departments has the advantage of correcting mistakes before a final product could be produced. For instance, marketers could let the production team know that the design of a product could not attract customers. Thus, product design would be changed to reflect customer needs. Also, linking activities across departments and focusing on product design has the potential to reduce production costs significantly. For example, if design errors are detected early during product design and development, then changes could be made before production is conducted. This could hinder Electrolux from incurring losses that could result from faulty products that could not enable the firm to make profits. In an era with intense competition and several low-cost products on the market, how can Electrolux use teamwork and groups to succeed? Electrolux needs to realize the importance of using teamwork and groups to succeed in the competitive market. The market is also characterized by low-cost products. The management team should encourage personnel to work toward achieving the goal of producing high-quality products at reduced costs (Easterby-Smith et al., 2012; Meyer, Stanley, Herscovitch & Topolnytsky, 2002). Team members should be motivated to design, produce, and market unique products. High-quality products could enable the firm to have an excellent brand. Team members should be rewarded based on their innovations (Kotler, 2011; Tidd & Bessant, 2011). They should also be encouraged to share ideas with their colleagues so that they would increase their levels of production. The firm should motivate various groups and teams by offering them incentives. For example, the management could encourage teams to compete against each other so that the best team could be taken for a holiday abroad. References Bontis, N., Crossan, M. M., & Hulland, J. (2002). Managing an organizational learning system by aligning stocks and flows. Journal of Management Studies , 39 (4), 437-469. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Jackson, P. (2012). Management research . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Ivancevich, J. M., Konopaske, R., & Matteson, M. T. (2012). Organizational behavior and management (4 th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Kotler, P. (2011). Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative. Journal of Marketing , 75 (4), 132-135. Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of vocational behavior , 61 (1), 20-52. Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2011). Managing innovation: integrating technological, market and organizational change . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Professional Counseling Essay Counseling is one of the most sought services by millions of people across the world. It refers to a process that provides an individual with direction and advice as to a decision or cause of action through the help of a professional. Professionals providing this service are known as counselors. The work of a counselor entails providing mental health services to patients depending on their unique or specific challenges. According to the American Psychology Association, counselors offer many forms of therapy that include career, educational, rehabilitation, Christian, credit, grief, as well as marriage and family counseling among others. One of the characteristic elements of counseling as a profession is the understanding that people are different, have unique challenges, and cannot respond similarly to counseling. Therefore, a professional counselor should be in a position to understand the counseling style that fits the needs of each patient that seeks his or her services. The main duty of a counselor is to offer services to deal with specific issues affecting a patient and enhancing individual growth. My distinctiveness as a counselor is founded on the need to engage with all the values, attitudes, and actions that define this profession. The first step I took in building my professional image was to comprehend the fact that my main duty is helping others. I knew that I had to embrace the role of helping people identify problematic areas in their lives and providing them with the most effective solution as part of duties fulfilled by a counselor. For example, in explaining the duties of a counselor to others I would focus on the changes I had to make at the beginning of my practice. I focused on improving specific skills and attributes that are essential in providing mental health services. A counselor in the contemporary world should be culturally competent, flexible, empathetic, and emotionally intelligent. In addition, a high degree of self-awareness coupled with great communication and problem-solving skills plays a pivotal role in ensuring that a counselor develops a good understanding of a patient. My career is also guided by the need to earn and maintain the trust of all my patients. In this profession, adherence to high standards of ethical behavior is crucial because patients often share personal information with a counselor. Therefore, respecting the privacy of a patient is an attribute that every counselor ought to have and promote. The most suitable settings for counselors to work in include hospitals, rehabilitation centers, learning institutions, and churches. The main reason for this is that people found in these institutions have many issues that often compromise their mental health. Counselors apply several styles or approaches that help them deal with the different patient needs. One of the common ones is cognitive therapy, which focuses on an individual’s train of thought to recognize any patterns of negative thinking that could be problematic. These patterns are then changed using cognitive restructuring, which aims at injecting positivity in a way a patient interprets self, the world, thoughts, and situations. For example, counselors work closely with people that have attempted suicide. Another approach is a behavioral therapy that aims to discover and improve behavioral patterns that are causing problems to a patient. Counselors believe that helping a patient to change such patterns leads to positive thoughts and interactions. For example, counselors often offer their services to people dealing with personality issues, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also a common style of counseling. It is a combination of cognitive and behavioral therapies, which focuses on establishing the interconnection between the thoughts, emotions, and behavioral tendencies of an individual. In addition, a counselor focuses on how the three elements influence each other. For example, counselors play a crucial role in helping people with different forms of addictions by changing their perceptions about the drugs they use. Counselors also offer psychodynamic therapy that focuses on helping patients develop awareness about the effect of their actions and behaviors towards others. It focuses on understanding, interpreting, and improving the interconnection between the beliefs, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors of a patient. For example, counselors work with people coming from broken homes and families in a bid to develop a positive perception of marriage. In most cases, such individuals struggle with relationships and marriage life. Other counseling styles that are also commonly used include eclectic, group, and interpersonal therapy. Apart from counselors, mental health services are provided by other professionals albeit under different settings and identities. They include social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists. The difference between these professions is necessitated by the duties and responsibilities taken about helping patients deal with their unique challenges. Counselors entail licensed clinicians who work with patients to provide preferred outcomes. Unlike the other professions, counselors do not require advanced training to operate because they have greater access to broader models of counseling. However, they do not have in-depth knowledge of clinical research found in psychologists who must have at least a Bachelor’s degree to hold the title. They have specific training based on the clinical psychological study of human behavior. Psychologists use research-based psychological approaches to treat patients. In addition, they can make clinical evaluations of a patient and diagnose mental illness. Social workers mainly focus on helping patients enhance their collective well-being through skill development and good resource utilization. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Incorporating several theories of organizational behavior, the company managed to blaze its trail to success. Though the company obviously uses a mixture of several theories, one can still see the distinct traces of at least three theories applied to solve the company’s problems. One of the most obvious picks is the Theory X constructed by Sigmund Freud. Claiming that all people are intrinsically lazy and that only a strong motivation can take them off the ground and start working, Freud made it clear that such value as security is the key to motivating the staff. Using this principle wisely, Lincoln Electric offered its staff motivation: “The concept of guaranteed employment is another brilliant cost-reducing idea of James F. Lincoln” (Borton). The choices that the Lincoln electrics makes in its leadership strategies, however, also make it clear that the company managerial makes efficient use of the Theory Y, which claims that people have a “natural desire to learn” (Hartman), thus, spurring the rates of competition in the company. As Borton says, there is a “quiet competition within each work group” (Borton). Finally, the company obviously resorts to the Hygiene/Motivation Theory, helping its employees not only compete against each other, but also acquiring new knowledge and skills for the sake of personal and professional development. The choice of power tactics and the basis of power is not an easy task. Often determined by the specifics of one’s own character and personality, power tactics and the basis of power predetermine one’s further success in the company (Griffin and Moorehead). Case in point, the Fast Company situation shows how diverse these tactics and bases can be. Cindy Cassleman (Warshaw) obviously uses the pressure tactics (Admin), seeing how she managed to make the company revenues rise after she expressed her viewpoint on how the work should be done in the company. Chris Newell, in his turn, seems to use both the ingratiation tactics, since he prefers to encourage the employees rather than conflict with them; however, Newell evidently prefers the policy of introducing innovations to the company to boost its revenues rather than contact with his employees and persuade them to offer more fruitful work: Last year, Newell became convinced that the emerging field of “knowledge management” represented a big market opportunity for Lotus and its parent company, IBM. So he became a major catalyst behind a series of knowledge-management products that Lotus and IBM began to roll out by the end of the year. (Warshaw) Speaking of the video that shows graphically the way office politics is implemented in organizational environment and the way it affects the company members, one must admit that most of companies offer the behavioral guidelines that offer enough room for cheating, bullying and using other dishonest tactics to disarm a colleague. The article mentioned previously, on the contrary, offers the means to improve the company’s state of affairs, even though the chosen means might not always be considered appropriate. That said, one must admit that the article and the video offer two completely different perspectives on business success. However, after watching the video (BNETvideo), one will come to the conclusion that the specifics of office politics does not necessarily concern solely establishing the company goals and assigning company members with their tasks. As it turns out, being a company leader also means being able to solve conflicts fast and efficiently. Therefore, the use of office politics comes as especially important element of the leader’s policy in case conflicts emerge. Therefore, using political behavior helps not only make the company run smoother, but also allows to improve the moral code of the company’s staff, introducing a new system of values into the enterprise. Works Cited Power Tactics . 2010. Web. BNET video. Playing Positive Office Politics . 2007. Web. Borton, B. A Case Study of Lincoln Electric . Web. Hartman, K. Organizational Behavior and Theories of Motivation . Web. Griffin, Ricky W. and Gregory M. Organizational Behavior . Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Warshaw, M. The Good Guy’s (and Gal’s) Guide to Office Politics . 1998. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of Future Tourism in Paris Research Paper Table of Contents 1. General Economic Background 2. Accessibility 3. Competitiveness 4. Safety and Security Issues 5. The environmental situation 6. Architectural deterioration 7. References General Economic Background In the nearest future, the touristic industry will experience considerable decline in general due to the complicated economic and political situation in the world ( Discussing the future of tourism , 2009). The global analysts claim that this state of affairs will affect the European market to the greatest degree since it is characterized by high prices and underdeveloped infrastructure (Free, 2010). In this vein, the shift in popularity is observed in the direction of Asian resorts as they offer moderate charges in combination with grate service. Thus, there are reasons to expect the fallen rates of popularity of Paris as a famous tourist stronghold. Accessibility Another reason to expect negative phenomena in touristic industry in Paris is accessibility of the city and its popular tourist destinations. The transportation infrastructure both in Paris and France needs allocation of considerable funds for modernization ( Connected World Transforming Travel, Transportation and Supply Chains , 2013; International task force on sustainable tourism development , n. d.). The poor prognosis in the field of transportation accessibility explains why the general touristic perspectives of the city in 2025 are negative ( Insight into the future of tourism , 2012; Swayne & Dodds, 2011). Competitiveness In the latest period of time, there have been observed significant decline in the level of the competitiveness of French touristic destinations including Paris (Dung & Reijnders, 2013). Such situation is explained by the fact that the new leaders in the industry have occupied the most advantageous positions at the market. Traditionally, Paris is seen as the best option for romantic trips, honeymoons, etc. However, today these sectors are successfully occupied by Vietnamese and Philippine resorts due to better pricing policy and the welcoming exotics ( Tourism leaders plan future , 2012). Safety and Security Issues According to Free (2010), safety and security is one of the most important variables that affect consumers’ choices in the area of tourism. In Paris, the level of protection leaves much to desire. People are concerned on the reason of growing criminality. The areas of special concern are the growing rates of thefts and robbery, racket, and frauds of varied kinds. The situation is estimated to become even worse in the future decade since the population of France along with its numerous immigrants experiences huge economic problems. The environmental situation The worsening environmental situation is Paris is the cause of more problems in the industry of tourism in the city. A special reason for concern is the condition of water in the local rivers. The water is being extremely polluted, which harms the general atmosphere in the city including the quality of air. Tourists visiting Paris in the latest period admit that this unwanted circumstance nullifies all the pleasant experiences of travelling around the city. The environmental specialists claim that the condition of water in the Seine River will only deteriorate in the nearest decade (Dung & Reijnders, 2013). Architectural deterioration The problem of ruining the architectural sites in Paris is one of the central anxieties of the city authorities. The scale of the situation is so big that the state budget is not able to finance the annual program of monuments and buildings renovation. Thus, Paris loses its most attractive characteristics, which will undeniably lessen the future flow of tourists ( Consumer-generated web-based tourism marketing, 2008; Insight into the future of tourism , 2012). References Connected World Transforming Travel, Transportation and Supply Chains . (2013). Web. Consumer-generated web-based tourism marketing. (2008). Web. Discussing the future of tourism. (2009). Kelowna Capital News. Web. Dung, Y., & Reijnders, S. (2013). Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris. Tourist Studies, 13 (3), 287-303. Free, R. (2010). 21st century economics: A reference handbook. New York: SAGE Publications, Inc. Infrastructure development is tourism development. (2013). Republica. Web. Insight into the future of tourism. (2012). Evening News . Web. International task force on sustainable tourism development . (n. d.). Web. Swayne, L., & Dodds, M. (2011). Encyclopedia of sports management and marketing. New York: SAGE Publications, Inc. Tourism leaders plan future. (2012). Sunshine Coast Daily. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The tenth chapter, The Federal Reserve, explains in detail the adverse effects of the proposition not being able to meet the demand. Inflation is named as the primary result, and several ways to avoid it are presented. The author goes on to explain the difference between cash and wealth and describes such attributes of money as purchasing power, which results from the stability of the currency. Thus, the chapter tackles the topic of the value of money, which is confusing and often misinterpreted by the public (Bacon par. 1). Furthermore, the chapter shows not only the origins of inflation but also the ways of effective wealth management, like the proper cash investment. It also explains the opposite process – the deflation, which, again, is perceived by the public as positive, but is, in fact, disruptive to the economy. Finally, the influence of inflation on interest rates is explained, which can be helpful in decision making connected to loans. Chapter 11, International Economics, highlights the principles of international trade and outlines two main strategies available: keeping the currency undervalued and overvalued. While the topic of international trade seems to be interesting only to the specialists in the field, two aspects of it are detailed which concern all the population: the taxation of imports, which occurs in the case of undervaluing the currency and results in higher prices of goods, and the artificially high prices of exported goods in the opposite scenario, which should concern anyone in business dealing with export. Finally, the chapter makes some insights into the process known as “dissaving” and exemplifies the benefits of the universal currency by reviewing the transparent prices and lowered transaction costs resulting from the implementation of Euro (Wheelan 247). Chapter 12, Trade and Globalization, explains the philosophy of international trade by comparing it to the individual market relations. Thus, it does not only bring clarity to its target issue but also helps to understand the market principles in general, especially those that deal with intangibles like services. The author makes a good point by explaining the benefits of trade, which allow us to specialize and reach a higher level of life by effectively bringing down the required effort to a minimum. Again, while speaking about international trade, Wheelan provides good advice on an individual level, tying productivity to specialization and, ultimately, to profit (272). Besides, the chapter tackles two important ethical issues: the reasons behind choosing trading partners from “enemies”, and the complicated question of sweatshops, which violate many human rights but remain the soundest economic option for some countries (Wheelan 287). Both issues are often viewed in separation from their economic grounds, so this particular chapter is what distinguishes the book from others and possibly broadens its target audience. The thirteens chapter, Development Economics, broadens the idea of benefits of a sound economy beyond the traditional context of “profit for its own sake.” The author shows the correlation between the economic development of countries and their level of education and development of social infrastructures (Wheelan 296). While this can be viewed as a prerequisite, Wheelan suggests the inevitable rise of many aspects of life as a result of the developing economy. He also describes the opposite side of the spectrum, speculating on the adverse effects of closed economies not only for the country as an entity but of all its residents (Wheelan 304). This chapter can serve as additional motivation and challenge the notion of economic growth as something unethical. In all, the book presents valuable insights on economic topics in an approachable manner and, more importantly, does not limit the scope and highlights the ethical and social aspects of some questions. Works Cited Bacon, Christopher . Common Misconceptions: The Printing Presses . 2015. Web. Wheelan, Charles. Naked Economics: Undressing the Dismal Science , New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What Can Damage and Protect Hearing? Essay In everyday life, people experience a number of things that can have a negative impact on hearing ability. For example, cotton buds which are used to clean the ear may not only push the wax deeper in one’s ear but also cause serious and even long-lasting damage to the eardrum. Another potential harm to hearing is posed by headphones, as they isolate the sound so that it enters the ear in a stronger wave. Approximately 24.4% of Americans aged 20 to 69 are diagnosed with noise-induced hearing loss (Carroll et al., 2017, para. 10). This means that hearing ability is permanently harmed by the everyday noise that affects vulnerable structures of the inner ear, the cells of which do not regenerate if once damaged. Decibel levels of the most common household appliances may be harmful to one’s hearing over time due to the cumulative effect, let alone occupational noise that a person may encounter on a daily basis. Another hearing hazard in everyday life is busy traffic that, by causing the feeling of fullness in one’s ears, may contribute to the hearing loss in the long run. Even though the damage inflicted upon hearing is considered to be permanent, it should be noted that it is preventable. Apart from general recommendations to avoid high volumes on personal devices, reduce listening time to high volumes, and use quieter home appliances, there are specific products that can protect and improve hearing. In particular, it is advised to wear earplugs, earmuffs, or other protective devices when involved in a loud activity. There are drugs elaborated by scientists that can protect ears from oxidative stress and thus act as an effective treatment of noise-induced hearing loss (Honkura et al., 2016). Technologies that can improve hearing ability include assistive listening devices, cochlear implants, and personal sound amplification products for non-hearing impaired consumers. References Carroll, Y. I., Eichwald, J., Scinicariello, F., Hoffman, H. J., Deitchman, S., Radke, M. S.,… Breysse, P. (2017). Vital signs: Noise-induced hearing loss among adults — United States 2011–2012. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66 (5), 139-144. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6605e3 Honkura, Y., Matsuo, H., Murakami, S., Sakiyama, M., Mizutari, K., Shiotani, A.,… Motohashi, H. (2016). NRF2 is a key target for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss by reducing oxidative damage of cochlea. Scientific Reports, 6 (1). doi:10.1038/srep19329 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Information Technology and Knowledge Management Report (Assessment) Knowledge management can be defined as the skill or art of generating worth out of available assets or commodities. In simple terms, it is the ability of an individual to utilize the available intangible resources for improved performance and increased outcome through managing information and making it available to the workers and other users in the best useful way possible. It concerns the whole firm in question and how it is being run or managed to achieve its ultimate goals and objectives by integrating both the workers and its intended customers. Just like other management theories such as Six Sigma and TQM, KM involves identifying ways to improve and assure the customers of high-quality commodities through improved information management and innovative practices. When considering knowledge management in the context of information technology, we can deduce that it involves the use of electronic computers and software’s to stock up, protect, recover and safely process information hence making it available to all the stakeholders in a firm to assist in making well-informed decisions crucial for profit attainment and improved quality for customer attraction. In addition, knowledge management involves gathering all the necessary information and arranging it in a manner that can assist the administration in assisting in identifying innovative and creative procedures and methods to produce highly appealing commodities to their customers so that they can counteract their competitors by making well-informed decisions based on their customers’ taste and preferences. By combining both IT and KM together, creates a well-rounded and conducive environment for quality improvement, information exchange, and utilization, and ensuring that the information is stored and converted in the best way for making well-informed decisions. The fact that computers and computer software have numerous roles and functions in managing information makes IT a very crucial field that assists many firms in terms of making decisions to increase workers’ productivity and performance. For instance, there are computer soft wares that have been developed to assist in collecting, converting, and interpreting data for the benefit of the firm in terms of improving value, understanding the market trends and assisting the managers in supervising over other workers. Therefore, IT makes knowledge management easier and faster as it contributes much to knowledge transfer and communication. For instance, it’s easier for managers to inform and demonstrate to workers of new production and distribution techniques without being there personally. This facilitates knowledge and skills transfer necessary for increased productivity and profits. In addition, knowledge management assists in developing and improving the planning, educational and physical methodologies, and tools necessary for training and transmitting the information. These tools are beneficial to managers as they develop a technique for formulating work schedules and coordinating activities in various sectors of a firm. For instance, a manager can easily monitor, supervise and coordinate the activities of managerial, production, marketing, and other sectors. This facilitates the free transmission of ideas and skills to all sectors of the firm necessary for increased productivity. Therefore, knowledge management involves concentrating on human knowledge and skills to achieve the firm’s goals and objectives rather than focusing on information technology and soft wares. This focuses on equipping workers with the required skills and ideas for making well-informed decisions and planning as well as ensuring good workers and customer relationships necessary for firms growth and development compared to IT where firms concentrate on new technologies and little time on human knowledge hence experience failure or disappointment in one point or another. References Karl-Erik Sveiby: KM Today and Tomorrow – What makes me Passionate. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Ponzi Scheme’s Concept Research Paper Charles Ponzi was a swindler who implemented his fraud racket (later known as the original version of a Ponzi scheme) in the United States and Canada. In 1920, over a period of eight months, Ponzi was able to raise “$9.8 million from 10,550 people,” though the payout was only $7.8 million (Lewis 294). Using International Postal Union coupons, Ponzi found a weakness in the arbitrage opportunities provided by the Union. He suggested purchasing the coupons in Italy, sending them to the United States, and redeeming them “for postage worth four times as much” (Lewis 295). Thus, Ponzi assured paying out 50% of the investment in 45 days and 100% in 90 days (Lewis 295). In this type of scenario, high returns are paid to early investors using the money from later investors, but, in the end, the scheme collapses when there is no longer enough money to complete the payouts. How was Ponzi able to make his scheme possible? Since European currencies were nearly decimated by the end of World War I, he could purchase them in large amounts, redeem them for American postal stamps, and eventually convert those into “the much stronger American dollar” (Kramer and Buckhoff 48). The main feature of the scheme, namely its unsustainable nature, was what led to the arrest of Charles Ponzi. Ponzi was able to pay out the promised returns only as long as he continued to receive cash. When the money flow ceased, so did the scheme. As soon as the fraud was exposed, Ponzi was arrested, with approximately $30 in postal coupons in his possession (Kramer and Buckhoff 48). A Ponzi scheme does not imply selling products or providing services; it receives money by inviting and recruiting new investors (Kramer and Buckhoff 49). The original scheme was different from those implemented today. However, a Ponzi scheme can be characterized by these features (Kramer and Buckhoff 50): 1. Promises of exclusively high returns. 2. High returns that are steady (with no regard to the economy). 3. Investments having no negative returns. 4. Little to no risk to investors. 5. Vague description of the program and business model/scheme. 6. Promised returns that are generated quickly. 7. Lack of customary fees. 8. Exclusivity of the proposition. 9. Perpetrator appears trustworthy. 10. Advertising via recruiters/investors or word-of-mouth. It can be shown that Ponzi schemes often hide the details of their investment processes, relying on advertisement from current “members” and the perpetrator. Such schemes often use unregistered investments because investors will not be able to find any information about the company and its management (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). Sellers are usually unlicensed and unregistered, although security laws require investment professionals to possess a license. Furthermore, account statement errors are also typical for Ponzi schemes (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). One of the foulest schemes was promoted by Bernard Madoff, who was able to sustain the scheme for many years. Madoff had a legitimate investment business that allowed him to make the scheme stronger and avoid an early collapse (Messner and Rosenfeld 1). His scheme was more durable for a variety of reasons. First, he was charismatic and trustworthy because he was an authoritative investment analyst. Second, only a limited number of investors met him in real life. Third, the spread of his racket relied on gossip as a form of advertisement (Messner and Rosenfeld 1). Clearly, one of the largest frauds in US history had typical features of a Ponzi scheme. Works Cited Kramer, Bonita, and Thomas Buckoff. “Beware of False Profits.” Strategic Finance , vol. 93, no. 11, 2012, pp. 47-52. Lewis, Mervyn K. “New Dogs, Old Tricks. Why Do Ponzi Schemes Succeed?” Accounting Forum , vol. 36, no. 4, 2012, pp. 294-306. Messner, Steven F., and Richard Rosenfeld. Crime and the American Dream . Cengage Learning, 2012. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. “ Ponzi Scheme .” investor. n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This, and the idea that the human race cannot evolve any further in the traditional sense lead to assuming that the next step would be to transcend beyond human bodies of flesh to something much more complex, although much simpler substantially. Savin-Baden, Burden, and Taylor (2017) define digital immortality as “the continuation of an active or passive digital presence after death” (p. 178). This concept may sound simple, but it is much harder to achieve than to define. It would require a vast amount of computing power to recreate just one human brain with all of its complexity and – most importantly – ability to think in unconventional ways. The problem with this concept is that it is highly likely to be impossible. Parkin (2015), in his article published on BBC website, states that “the idea that a memory could prove so enduring that it might grant its holder immortality is a romantic notion that could only be held by a young poet, unbothered by the aches and scars of age” (para. 7). Although there is no way to be sure about such things as what to expect from the near future, many researchers agree that technological progress will continue to gain speed and scale as the history unfolds rapidly. If the concept of digital immortality proves to be possible and achievable, humankind may solve a significant number of problems that may lead to extinction. However, if human ceases to be human in a traditional way, will it be possible to say that the race did not become extinct? Right now, there is only a possibility to theorize. References Parkin, S. (2015). Back-up brains: The era of digital immortality . Web. Savin-Baden, M., Burden, D., & Taylor, H. (2017). The ethics and impact of digital immortality. Knowledge Cultures , 5 (2), 178-196. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Strategies to Succeed in the Fast Evolving Premium Beauty Market Essay (Article Review) The web-based article, titled “Strategies to succeed in the Fast-Evolving Premium Beauty Market”, illuminates the various innovative strategies that are being adopted in the industry to sustain growth and competitiveness. This paper is an attempt to review the article, with the sole objective of synthesizing salient aspects as contained in class topics and the proposed business ideas. In the proposed beauty and cosmetics business, the salient business ideas are that the business will (1) operate in a premium segment due to the prestige of the brands that will be produced, (2) use premium pricing policy for finished anti-aging products, and (3) employ the direct marketing strategy. The article under review addresses the premium segment issue by acknowledging that, to combat stiff competition from mass-produced beauty products, premium beauty players should underscore the importance of promoting the brand experience to assist in differentiating their premium brands from mass-produced brands. Some of the ways through which such differentiation could be achieved, according to the article, include providing more personalized solutions, increasing innovativeness and creativity, enhancing customer interaction in physical stores and in the digital space, and developing a superior presence across the pricing continuum so as to make products available to a broader array of customers with differing intensities of affordability. The article acknowledges that the premium cosmetics market is exceedingly consolidated and fairly stable and that the justification for minimal movement in industry consolidation is premised on the fact that competition has become more and more time consuming, especially after the appearance of mass-produced beauty brands. Consequently, innovation is critical in the premium beauty market segment not only to provide manufacturers with an avenue to add substantial value to the products for the purpose of differentiating them from mass-produced products but also to continually attract and retain customers through dedicated product innovation. In the proposed business, it should be recalled that the anti-aging products will be made using active and natural ingredients, and new technologies will be employed to enhance product outcomes and user experiences. The article introduces a strategic direction for the beauty industry by arguing that players in the premium beauty industry should be dedicated to developing few strong brands not only to adequately satisfy the needs and expectations of customers, but also to attain economies of scale in leveraging products equity across manifold competitive groupings. Additionally, the article is categorical that product innovation should form an essential component in the development of a business strategy aimed at driving and sustaining value growth, and that the concept is of great importance in the premium beauty segment as it satisfies customer demand and rationalizes the premium price points these products carry. As suggested in the article, major players have competed on product innovation to broaden and maintain their customer base during periods of economic upheavals and financial recessions, with the major trends supporting the concept consisting of ‘high-tech efficacy, targeted innovation, category cross-over, as well as exceptionality and complexity.’ Some of these trends have been included in the proposed business (e.g., high-tech efficacy, exceptionality and complexity), but it is imperative to include the others, with the view to attracting new customers and retaining existing ones. Overall, this article is an eye-opener for players wishing to start a business in the premium beauty segment. The article has elaborated why innovation is critical in the beauty industry, not mentioning that several strategies to attract and retain customers have been illuminated. The article’s dedication to expound on product innovation, its trends and benefits in the premium beauty industry qualify it as a must-read for people wishing to enter this market. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Training Effectiveness in an Enterprise Resource Planning System Environment Essay (Article Review) The purpose of the study by Arasanmi (2019) is to analyse the connection between transfer motivation, supervisor support, and post-training utilisation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The author has tested the effect of transfer motivation and supervisor support on training transmission within complicated information systems settings. Additionally, Arasanmi (2019) has evaluated the mediating influence of transfer encouragement on the supervisor support-training transfer relation. The findings indicate a positive effect of the mentioned factors on training transfer. The present paper offers the evaluation of the author’s approaches to arranging each significant part of the study and the analysis of the article’s logic. At the beginning of the study, Arasanmi (2019) discusses its educational significance. Specifically, the scholar notes that the failure of learners to utilise the acquired skills in work settings has the potential to undermine the work processes. As a result of the ineffective application of skills, enterprise resource planning (ERP) are likely to fail (Arasanmi, 2019). It is not possible to consider the review of literature comprehensive since the author has given little attention and space to it. Particularly, the introduction to the article is twice as long as the literature review. All of the references cited in this section are relevant to the problem of investigation. However, the majority of them were published in the 1980s-2000s, which makes the evidence mentioned in them outdated (Baldwin, & Ford, 1988; Davis & Yi, 2004; Ford, Smith, Weissbein, & Gully, 1998; Holton & Baldwin, 2003; Liebermann & Hoffmann, 2008; Rajagopalan, York, Doane, & Tanniru, 2007; Scott, 2005; Umble, Haft, & Umble, 2003). Only two of the articles were published within the past decade, one of them being another study by the author (Arasanmi, Wang, & Singh, 2017; Laker & Powell, 2011). The author has clearly stated four hypotheses to be tested in the study. Two of them are related to the relationship between supervisor support and transfer motivation, and the other two are associated with the effect of transfer motivation on training transfer. The method of sample selection is cross-sectional research, which means that it is not likely to result in a representative sample due to the impossibility to derive causal relationships between exposure and outcome. The validity of the data analysis instrument has been given sufficient consideration. Arasanmi (2019) has discussed reliability in terms of type and size of its coefficients. It is necessary to note that the study’s design and procedure are appropriate for testing the hypotheses of research. The results are described by means of inferential statistics, which allows tracing their relation to the original hypotheses. Each result is discussed in terms of agreement with previous findings made by other researchers. The major finding of Arasanmi’s (2019) article is the positive effect of supervisor support and transfer motivation on training transfer. The analysis of the study’s key elements allows analysing the article’s logic. The most important kind of information to be drawn from research is the relationship between two factors’ impact on training transfer. The major inferences, thus, are clearly connected with the data and relevant to the hypotheses. The key concepts to understand from the article are supervisor support and transfer motivation. By these concepts, the author means the crucial components of training transfer. The main assumption underlying Arasami’s (2019) thinking is that training transfer is hardly possible without proper motivation and support. Managerial implications are related to the significance of manager-subordinates interaction. Theoretical implications emphasise the lack of empirical research on training transfer and urge further investigation of the topic. The main points of view presented in the article are those of the author based on prior research and current findings. All things considered, the article by Arasanmi (2019) may be viewed as significant research in the field of training transfer in general and bolstering its effectiveness in particular. References Arasanmi, C. N. (2019). Training effectiveness in an enterprise resource planning system environment. European Journal of Training and Development, 43 (5/6), 456-469. Arasanmi, C. N., Wang, W. Y. C., & Singh, H. (2017). Examining the motivators of training transfer in an enterprise systems context. Enterprise Information Systems, 11 (8), 1154-1172. Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41 (1), 63-105. Davis, F. D., & Yi, M. Y. (2004). Improving computer skills training: Behavior modeling, symbolic mental rehearsal, and role of knowledge structures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89 (3), 509-523. Ford, J. K., Smith, E. M., Weissbein, D. A., & Gully, S. M. (1998). Relationships of goal orientation, metacognitive activity, and practice strategies with learning outcomes and transfer. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83 (2), 218-233. Holton, E. F. III, & Baldwin, T. T. (Eds.). (2003). Making transfer happen: An action perspective on learning transfer systems . San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Laker, D. R., & Powell, J. L. (2011). The differences between hard and soft skills and their relative impact on training transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22 (1), 111-122. Liebermann, S., & Hoffmann, S. (2008). The impact of practical relevance on training transfer: Evidence from a service quality training program for German bank clerks. International Journal of Training Development, 12 (2), 74-86. Rajagopalan, B., York, K. M., Doane, D. P., & Tanniru, M. (2007). Enablers of enterprise systems training success: An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 2 (3), 250-265. Scott, J. E. (2005). Post-implementation usability of ERP training manuals: The user’s perspective. Information Systems Management, 22 (2), 67-77. Umble, E. J., Haft, R. R., & Umble, M. M. (2003). Enterprise resource planning: Implementation procedures and critical success factors. European Journal of Operational Research, 146 (2), 241-257. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Eight Dimensions of Organizational Capacity for Change Coursework Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Trusting Followers 3. Capable Champions 4. Involved Middle Management 5. Systems Thinking 6. Communication Systems 7. Accountable Culture 8. Innovative Culture 9. Reference Introduction A trustworthy leader is competent, passionate, and open to experiments. Seeing an organization’s interests and successful development as the topmost priority is another feature of trustworthy leaders (Judge, 2013). The role of a leader for any organization is critical because leaders both represent the company and motivate employees to improve the organization’s economic outcomes and thus become more successful. Consider, for instance, the experience of Toyota. If leadership were not interested in organizational change, the company would not have implemented lean management and thereby become one of the leaders in the automotive industry. Trusting Followers Trusting followers is another dimension of the organizational capacity for change. It is inseparable from the first aspect, as this characteristic is related to following leaders’ recommendations and believing in the value of their experience as a basis for an organization’s success. It is also critical for each company, and the abovementioned Toyota company’s experience can be used to support this statement. Therefore, if Toyota employees did not pay attention to constant improvement, lean management philosophy would not be efficient. Capable Champions This dimension is associated with identifying people within an organization who can drive the process of change based on their authority, experience, skills, and knowledge (Judge, 2013). This aspect is significant as well because leaders alone cannot motivate all people to embrace change. To prove this statement, think of any international company (e.g., General Motors) that has offices across the globe, and all of them have numerous departments. In this way, one leader alone is unlikely to foster change, while having several capable champions is more likely to result in the desired change. Involved Middle Management This dimension is associated with heads of departments—managers communicating senior management’s initiative to ordinary employees as well as sharing employees’ needs with senior management. Productive organizational development is impossible without involved middle management because they are the link that assures that any initiative will be supported rather than criticized and opposed (Judge, 2013). The example that could support the abovementioned statement is the experience of any large company with several departments working on different tasks. When implementing universal initiatives, middle managers may point to their advantages for different departments, thus minimizing opposition risks. Systems Thinking Systems thinking is associated with perceiving an organization as a complex whole. In this way, the implementation of any change should be viewed from the perspective of its influence on all departments and their performance. It is one of the most critical dimensions of organizational change because it is directly connected to operations. Think, for instance, or introduce any innovation (e.g., the introduction of smart bolts in General Motors plants). This decision was made once all needs were estimated (technological, investment, and human), i.e., all aspects of the company’s operation were taken into account. Communication Systems Another infrastructure dimension that is related to converting knowledge into practice and assuring adequate and timely distribution of the latest news (Judge, 2013) is connected to effective communication skills (in the case of small companies) and communication technologies (for large companies). Recall the introduction of Web 2.0-based communication systems at most large companies (e.g., Siemens). These aimed not only at sharing information but also knowledge, thus potentially improving employee productivity and performance. Accountable Culture In this case, the focus is on the results, not the process. For instance, special attention is paid to meeting deadlines or budgets (Judge, 2013). The influence of this dimension of organizational change is less significant compared to others, though it is still critical. Think of any research organization. Creating an accountable culture is imperative for such an organization’s successful operation, especially in the case of monitoring key performance indicators of all employees. Analyzing it may help identify future change directions. Innovative Culture This dimension is linked to the focus on constant improvement of equipment that is especially critical in the twenty-first century—an era of varying technological advancements and their growing role in everyday life. An innovative culture is the foundation of change. One appropriate example is the case of Emirates Airlines paying special attention to innovating their transportation services and using this as one of the strengths for outperforming competitors. Reference Judge, W. Q. (2013). Focusing on organizational change. Boston, MA: FlatWorld Knowledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethnographies by Richard Lee and Marjorie Shostak Essay Anthropology is a crucial area of expertise that allows people to develop and enhance their knowledge of cultural peculiarities of representatives of different generations, beliefs, and locations. Anthropologists can use various approaches in their research, but the best way to describe culture is to combine both classic and creative modes. In this essay, the examination of the approaches used in the works of two anthropologists, namely, Richard Lee and Marjorie Shostak, will be conducted. A conclusion that summarizes the main points will be provided at the end of the paper. The first ethnography that is examined in this paper is written by a Canadian anthropologist, Richard Lee. The work is called “The Hunters: Scarce Resources in the Kalahari” and describes characteristic features of one of the foraging groups from the Kalahari Desert. The ethnography conforms to the classic norms of ethnographic description because, first of all, it reveals aspects of social reality that prevailed among foragers who lived thousands of years ago. Lee explores the life of hunter-gatherers, arguing that they did not spend much time collecting food, which enabled anthropologists to look at the social reality of foragers differently (Lee 1994, 73). Also, the author defines the main patterns of the previous ideas presented by anthropologists about the life of hunters-gatherers and correlates them with his own revelations. It demonstrates Lee’s ability to conform to the classic norms of ethnographic description. These norms contribute to a sense that culture is a fixed pattern of shared meanings because using them allows uniting all cultural differences and contradictions under one theory. The second ethnography that is explored in this study is written by an American anthropologist, Marjorie Shostak. The work is titled “The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman” and examines the lives of people in the community of forages. This ethnography displays creative departures from classic norms of ethnographic representation because Shostak managed to reveal differences within the described group of people and introduce her findings through creative modes. Thus, in the chapter “Life in the Bush,” the author describes the way males become hunters and uses personal observations to explain some facts that might seem surprising for anthropologists. The creative modes are important as they are used for recognizing differences and changes within cultures and serve as supplements to the classic norms of ethnographic description. They help to apply changes and take into account conflicting opinions of scientists about the cultural aspects of various groups of people. This type of ethnographic representation contributes to a sense that culture is characterized by contradiction because it demonstrates that conflicts and inconsistencies are important components of people’s cultures and behaviors. Therefore, it can be concluded that even though the anthropologists used different approaches in their works, both ethnographies are valuable in terms of describing the culture of foragers. It is ensured by the fact that the combination of classic and creative approaches helps to describe culture in the best way through the utilization of shared patterns and new ideas. For instance, Lee, using classic modes, managed to correlate various opinions about one subject, while Shostak, with the help of creative modes, added valuable information to people’s knowledge on forages. Thus, the best way to reveal cultural peculiarities of society is to combine two modes and apply them simultaneously, taking into account all the differences and similarities of humans’ cultures. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Anti-Racism Policy Statement in Australian Schools Essay The schools in Australia must commit to illuminating racial harassment by implementing appropriate policies and teaching strategies. According to the NSW DET’s Anti-racism policy statement, all forms of racism must be rejected, including direct, indirect, individual, institutional, or intentional and unintentional racism. Both Racism. No way! and NSW DET Anti-racism policy statement highlights the critical elements of education that assist in combating the problem. The first document defines racism as a result of unjust treatment that can be executed by either individuals or institutions based on social or personal values. Hence, as part of the strategy to eliminate racism at schools and reconsolidate the Australian and Aboriginal citizens, teachers must improve their competence and cultural awareness. Firstly, it is necessary to define what constitutes anti-racism policies in an educational environment. The assistance that the previously discussed anti-racism guides provide to the Aboriginal Education Policy is vast since they describe another aspect of mistreatment that students at schools may experience, which impairs their learning abilities. NSW DET & AECG discusses the aspects of implementing Aboriginal-specific policies in schools. This document supports the previously discussed policies since it acknowledges the lack of adequate strategies that would aid in developing sustainable school policies in New South Wales that lead to unsatisfactory educational outcomes of students. In addition, NSW DET & AECG explicitly states that the incorporation of the Aboriginal Education Policy (AEP) is mandatory for all educational facilities. Hence, this guide highlights the need to dedicate more effort towards improving the understanding of the Aboriginal cultures as part of the racism elimination. The central aspect highlighted in the discussed document is the need to improve the reconsolidation efforts and incorporate Aboriginal perspectives into the process of developing school curriculums, which should improve the general understanding of the Aboriginal cultures. According to NSW DET & AECG , “the successful implementation of this policy should ensure Aboriginal students can participate in learning environments unencumbered by the negative effects of racism”. In addition, this statement suggests teaching the staff about Aboriginals’ perspectives. Reflecting the views of the Aboriginal community, this report suggests that school planning has to consider the issues of racism and strategies for overcoming them to support the learning of the Aboriginal students. Secondly, one must identify the abilities of an educational facility to fulfill these requirements. The NSW DET Anti-racism policy contains five primary aspects of policy designs that all schools must adopt to end racism in any form. For instance, the Department outlines the need to teach about cultural diversity in Australia to promote the understanding of the acceptance of cultural, religious, and linguistic differences. This policy also cited legal acts that make racism illegal, supported by the statement that all staff members have to be aware of their behavior to mitigate the possibilities of unintentional racisms, as well as support students through their learning of the implications and adverse impact of racism. Schools have to explicitly state their anti-racism policy and incorporate cultural inclusivity in their hiring and personnel management strategies. This approach is suggested by the NSW DET RNW that features the responsibilities of schools and educators regarding the efforts that will help implement the anti-racism policies. In regards to the curriculum design, this guide suggests having lessons that explain the cultural value of the Aboriginal community by acknowledging the history, as well as the social and linguistic elements of their culture. A vital element of this statement is the need to incorporate staff training that would target supporting students subjected to racial bullying at school. In general, this guide provides valuable input into the anti-racism efforts of the Department of Education since it highlights the need for inclusivity in a variety of domains, such as recruitment policies, student representative bodies, and incorporation of parents from diverse backgrounds into the process of designing and implementing new practices. Mutual corroboration is the primary measure that can help improve the learning outcomes of Aboriginal students. The NSW DET Aboriginal Education Policy (2008) requires schools to establish practices that will promote the understanding of Aboriginal culture and create supportive environments for Aboriginal children. In support of this requirement, NSW BOS, refers to the need for including the Aboriginal communities in the process of developing and implementing various policies. Arguably, this is the only way of learning about the history, and specifics of their culture and language. Hence, the implication of the NSW BOS (2008) is that the schools should engage in a two-way conversation with the Aboriginal communities to improve the comprehension of the culture on both sides. This will ensure that the Aboriginal perspectives used in developing the policies are authentic. Additionally, understanding the different perspectives of viewing the Aboriginal culture is crucial. According to Keeffe, the two primary elements that pertain to Aboriginals, persistence, and resistance. The first concept refers to the culture of Aboriginals as being inherited while the second refers to Aboriginals that combine the elements of their culture with those of others. Hence, educators should understand the concept of Aboriginality from different perspectives since the perception of Aboriginals differs in different regions of Australia. Overall, the Department of Education aims to improve the knowledge of the Aboriginal students, and the elimination of racism is a critical element. Hence, one can argue that the documents discuses above are an integral part of the NSW DET Aboriginal Education Policy since they outline the issues of discrimination that can obstruct students from adequate learning and present strategies that schools should use to improve the understanding of the Aboriginal culture. References NSW DET. (2000). RNW . Web . NSW DET. (2005). Anti-racism Policy . Web. NSW. (2008). BOS . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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