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StivenLancheros
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all_datasets_wikis

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Operation Charnwood
Opération Charnwood
Operation Charnwood was an Anglo-Canadian offensive that took place from 8 to 9 July 1944, during the Battle for Caen, part of the larger Operation Overlord (code-name for the Battle of Normandy) in the Second World War. The operation was intended to capture the German-occupied city of Caen (), which was an important objective for the Allies during the opening stages of Overlord. It was also hoped that the attack would forestall the transfer of German armoured units from the Anglo-Canadian sector to the American sector to the west, where an offensive was being prepared. The British and Canadians advanced on a broad front and by the evening of the second day had taken Caen up to the Orne and Odon rivers.
L'opération Charnwood est une opération des Alliés lors de la bataille de Caen pendant la bataille de Normandie au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
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FN Five-seven
FN Five-seveN
The FN Five-seven, trademarked as the Five-seveN, is a semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured by FN Herstal in Belgium. The pistol is named for its 5.7-mm (.224 in) bullet diameter, and the trademark capitalization style is intended to emphasize the manufacturer's initials—"FN".
Le FN Five-seveN est un pistolet semi-automatique simple action ou double action de conception belge fabriqué par la FN Herstal. Il est chambré pour une munition très particulière puisqu'il s'agit de celle utilisée dans le P90 dont il est l'arme secondaire toute désignée.
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Melanargia galathea
Melanargia galathea
Melanargia galathea, the marbled white, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The marbled white was called "Our Half-mourner" by James Petiver (1717), "The Marmoris" by Benjamin Wilkes and "The Marmoress" by Moses Harris. Despite its common name and appearance, this butterfly is one of the "browns", of the subfamily Satyrinae.
Le Demi-deuil (Melanargia galathea), est une espèce de lépidoptères (papillons) appartenant à la famille des Nymphalidae, à la sous-famille des Satyrinae, à la tribu des Satyrini et au genre "Melanargia".
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Boso of Provence
Boson de Provence
Boso (; c. 841 – 11 January 887) was a Frankish nobleman of the Bosonid family who was related to the Carolingian dynasty and who rose to become King of Lower Burgundy and Provence.
Boson de Provence ou Boson V de Provence (°844 — †) est un monarque lotharingien. Il est le premier à parvenir à imposer une royauté élective, autonome et indépendante, quoique précaire, au sein de l"'imperium francorum" du.
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Gérard Larcher
Gérard Larcher
Gérard Philippe René André Larcher (born 14 September 1949) is a French politician serving as President of the Senate since 2014, previously holding the position from 2008 to 2011. A member of The Republicans, he was a Senator for the Yvelines department from 1986 to 2004 and has been again since 2007. He served as Minister of Labour from 2004 to 2007 under President Jacques Chirac.
Gérard Larcher, né le à Flers (Orne), est un homme d'État français. Membre du RPR, de l'UMP puis de LR, il est président du Sénat de 2008 à 2011 et depuis 2014.
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Opinion poll
Sondage d'opinion
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals.
Un sondage d'opinion ou une enquête d'opinion est une application de la technique des sondages à une population humaine visant à déterminer les opinions (ou les préférences) "probables" des individus la composant, à partir de l'étude d'un échantillon de cette population. Par métonymie, le mot sondage désigne également le document présentant les résultats de l'étude par sondage.
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Falkenberg
Falkenberg (Suède)
Falkenberg (old ) is a locality and the seat of Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 27,813 inhabitants in 2019 (out of a municipal total of about 45,000). It is located at the mouth of river Ätran. The name consists of the Swedish words for falcon ("falk") and mountain ("berg"). Falkenberg is a popular tourist destination in the summers, and the main beach of the town is Skrea strand.
Ville et commune de l'ouest de la Suède, Falkenberg se situe dans le comté de Halland. En 2005, la ville de Falkenberg comptait habitants et la commune dont elle est le chef-lieu,. L'Industrie a dominé par l'industrie alimentaire. Toponymie : le nom de la ville viendrait de "falk" (faucon en suédois). C'est pour cela que l'emblème de la ville est le faucon. Le bourg ressemble aux petites villes de campagne suédoise : rue pavée, maisons de bois, etc. Le Tullbron (le pont à péage) qui traverse la rivière Ätran est une fierté architecturale de la ville.
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Ministry of Culture (France)
Ministère de la Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture () is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the "monuments historiques". Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional "Maisons de la culture" (culture centres).
Le ministère de la Culture (dont la dénomination officielle était « ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ») est créé en France en 1959 par le président Charles de Gaulle, et attribué à André Malraux sous le nom de « ministère d'État chargé des Affaires culturelles ». À cette même époque, de nombreux pays se sont également dotés d'un. Le ministère est traditionnellement appelé, d'après son adresse principale, « rue de Valois ».
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Paul Bérenger
Paul Bérenger
Paul Raymond Bérenger GCSK, MP (born 26 March 1945) is a Mauritian politician who was Prime Minister of Mauritius from 2003 to 2005. He has been Leader of the Opposition on several occasions — from 1983 to 1987, 1997 to 2000, 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2013, October 2013 to 15 September 2014, and again since December 2014. Following his party's defeat in the 2014 general elections, he became Leader of the Opposition for the sixth time, making him the longest ever to serve in this constitutional position. He was also Deputy Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997 and again from 2000 to 2003, and he was a cabinet minister in the government of Anerood Jugnauth in 1982 and 1991. Bérenger, a Christian of Franco-Mauritian descent, has been the only non-Hindu Prime Minister of Mauritius, or, more particularly, the only Prime Minister who has not belonged to the Jugnauth or Ramgoolam families.
Paul Raymond Bérenger, né le, est un homme d'État mauricien et ancien Premier ministre de la République de Maurice du au. C'est aussi le premier caucasien à diriger un pays africain depuis la fin du colonialisme.
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Investment fund
Fonds de placement
An investment fund is a way of investing money alongside other investors in order to benefit from the inherent advantages of working as part of a group. These advantages include an ability to:
Un fonds de placement (ou fonds d'investissement) est un organisme de détention collective d'actifs financiers. L'intérêt de la gestion collective est de bénéficier de gestionnaires de placements professionnels et d'économies d'échelle (coûts de transaction moins élevés).
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, né le à Boston (Massachusetts) et mort le à Concord (Massachusetts), est un essayiste, philosophe et poète américain, chef de file du mouvement transcendantaliste américain du début du.
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Small tortoiseshell
Petite tortue
The small tortoiseshell ("Aglais urticae") is a colourful Eurasian butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. Adults feed on nectar and may hibernate over winter; in warmer climates they may have two broods in a season. While the dorsal surface of the wings is vividly marked, the ventral surface is drab, providing camouflage. Eggs are laid on the common nettle, on which the larvae feed.
La Petite tortue ou Vanesse de l'ortie, Aglais urticae, est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae. Elle est largement répandue en Europe, et sa chenille se nourrit d'orties.
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John Gould
John Gould
John Gould FRS (; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist and bird artist. He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates that he produced with the assistance of his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. He has been considered the father of bird study in Australia and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, "On the Origin of Species".
John Gould, né le à Lyme Regis dans le Dorset, mort à Bedford Square (Londres) le, est un ornithologue et naturaliste britannique.
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Military history
Histoire militaire
Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.
Dans la manière dont les historiens militaires la conçoivent au, l’histoire militaire est un champ historiographique qui étudie la guerre et ses composantes militaires (personnel militaire, recrutement, conduite des opérations militaires, institution et administration militaire), et son impact sur la politique, l’économie, la culture, la géographie et la société. Les historiens militaires s’accordent aujourd’hui pour dire qu’on ne peut plus faire l’économie de l’histoire culturelle et politique lorsqu’on traite de l’histoire militaire. Il faut donc distinguer le concept d'histoire-bataille, longtemps pratiquée dans le domaine de l'histoire militaire, qui n'appréhende l'Histoire que par les batailles et dans une temporalité évènementielle, de l'histoire des batailles ou plus précisément du fait militaire qui peut s'envisager depuis diverses approches ( sociale, culturelle, géographique, économique, etc) et s'intégrer dans une perspective du temps long.
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Tetanus
Tétanos
Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually lasts a few minutes. Spasms occur frequently for three to four weeks. Some spasms may be severe enough to fracture bones. Other symptoms of tetanus may include fever, sweating, headache, trouble swallowing, high blood pressure, and a fast heart rate. Onset of symptoms is typically three to twenty-one days following infection. Recovery may take months. About ten percent of cases prove fatal. Tetanus is caused by an infection with the bacterium "Clostridium tetani", which is commonly found in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria generally enter through a break in the skin such as a cut or puncture wound by a contaminated object. They produce toxins that interfere with normal muscle contractions. Diagnosis is based on the presenting signs and symptoms. The disease does not spread between people. Tetanus can be prevented by immunization with the tetanus vaccine. In those who have a significant wound and have had fewer than three doses of the vaccine, both vaccination and tetanus immune globulin are recommended. The wound should be cleaned and any dead tissue should be removed. In those who are infected, tetanus immune globulin or, if unavailable, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used. Muscle relaxants may be used to control spasms. Mechanical ventilation may be required if a person's breathing is affected. Tetanus occurs in all parts of the world but is most frequent in hot and wet climates where the soil has a high organic content. In 2015 there were about 209,000 infections and about 59,000 deaths globally. This is down from 356,000 deaths in 1990. In the US there are about 30 cases per year, almost all of which have not been vaccinated. An early description of the disease was made by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. The cause of the disease was determined in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone at the University of Turin, and a vaccine was developed in 1924.
Le tétanos est une toxi-infection touchant l'être humain et certains animaux. Il est dû à une infection locale par la bactérie "" produisant une neurotoxine, la tétanospasmine, ciblant le système nerveux central. Cette toxine est l'un des plus puissants poisons biologiques connus. Elle entraîne la mort dans 20 à 30 % des cas. La guérison s'obtient après plusieurs jours ou semaines d'hospitalisation en réanimation et soins intensifs.
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Operation Epsom
Opération Epsom
Operation Epsom, also known as the First Battle of the Odon, was a British offensive in the Second World War between 26 and 30 June 1944, during the Battle of Normandy. The offensive was intended to outflank and seize the German-occupied city of Caen, an important Allied objective, in the early stages of Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of north-west Europe.
L’opération "Epsom" est une offensive britannique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale qui se déroule entre les 26 et au cours de la bataille de Normandie. Le but de cette manœuvre est de reprendre la ville de Caen, alors occupée par les Allemands : c'est l'un des principaux objectifs alliés lors du débarquement de Normandie et dès le début de la bataille de Normandie.
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Tamanrasset
Tamanrasset
Tamanrasset (; ), also known as Tamanghasset or Tamenghest, is an oasis city and capital of Tamanrasset Province in southern Algeria, in the Ahaggar Mountains. It is the chief city of the Algerian Tuareg. It is located an altitude of. As of the 2008 census, it has a population of 92,635, up from 72,741 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%.
Tamanrasset ou Tamanghasset ( ⵜⵎⵏⵗⵙⵜ "Tamenɣast" ; تمنغاست), autrefois Fort Laperrine, du nom d'un général français lors de la colonisation française, est une commune de la wilaya de Tamanrasset, dont elle est le chef-lieu, située dans le Sud de l'Algérie, à au sud d'Alger, à à vol d'oiseau au sud-ouest de Djanet et à environ au nord de la frontière malienne. Elle est la capitale des Touaregs (ethnie berbère) algériens.
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Pont de Normandie
Pont de Normandie
The Pont de Normandie () is a cable-stayed road bridge that spans the river Seine linking Le Havre to Honfleur in Normandy, northern France. Its total length is – between the two piers. It is also the last bridge to cross the Seine before it empties into the ocean. Despite being a motorway toll bridge, there is a footpath as well as a narrow cycle lane in each direction allowing pedestrians and cyclists to cross the bridge free of charge.
Le pont de Normandie est un pont à haubans enjambant l'estuaire de la Seine et reliant Le Havre, au niveau de la commune de Sandouville, à Honfleur. La conception de cet ouvrage exceptionnel est due à Michel Virlogeux. La construction du pont de Normandie a été confiée, pour la partie béton, au groupement d'entreprises « GIE Pont de Normandie » et, pour la partie métal, à Monberg et Thorsen. Ce « GIE Pont de Normandie » rassemblait sept entreprises : Bouygues, Campenon-Bernard, Dumez, GTM, Spie Batignolles, Quillery et Sogea. La fourniture et la mise en œuvre des haubans avait été sous-traitée par le GIE Pont de Normandie à Freyssinet. Les études générales ainsi que les études de la partie béton ont été faites par le GIE Pont de Normandie et ont été dirigées par B. Raspaud (Bouygues), tandis que les études de la partie métallique ont été confiées à Eiffel et Cowi-Consult. La direction du chantier a été assurée par G. Barlet (Campenon-Bernard) et P. Jacquet (Bouygues).
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Ghardaïa
Ghardaïa
Ghardaïa (, Mzab-Berber: "Taɣerdayt") is the capital city of Ghardaïa Province, Algeria. The commune of Ghardaïa has a population of 93,423 according to the 2008 census, up from 87,599 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 0.7%.
Ghardaïa (en berbère: ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴷⴰⵢⵜ "Taɣerdayt" ; en ) est une commune de la wilaya de Ghardaïa en Algérie, dont elle est le chef-lieu, située à au sud d'Alger, elle est la capitale de la vallée du Mzab.
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Rally of the French People
Rassemblement du peuple français
The Rally of the French People (French "Rassemblement du Peuple Français" or RPF) was a French political party, led by Charles de Gaulle.
Le Rassemblement du peuple français (RPF) est un parti politique fondé par Charles de Gaulle le visant à mettre en œuvre son programme politique exposé dans le discours de Bayeux.
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Allied invasion of Sicily
Opération Husky
The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II, in which the Allies took the island of Sicily from the Axis powers (Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany). It began with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign, and initiated the Italian Campaign.
L’opération "Husky" est le nom de code donné au débarquement des troupes britanniques, américaines, françaises et canadiennes en Sicile, déclenché le. L'ouverture d'un « Second front » en Europe, si souvent réclamée par Staline à ses alliés occidentaux, devient alors réalité.
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Jackal
Chacal
Jackals are medium-sized omnivorous mammals of the genus "Canis", a genus which also includes wolves and the domestic dog. While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many small canids, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed jackal and side-striped jackal of sub-Saharan Africa, and the golden jackal of south-central Eurasia, which is more closely related to other members of the genus "Canis". Jackals are opportunistic omnivores, predators of small to medium-sized animals and proficient scavengers. Their long legs and curved canine teeth are adapted for hunting small mammals, birds, and reptiles, and their large feet and fused leg bones give them a physique well-suited for long-distance running, capable of maintaining speeds of for extended periods of time. Jackals are crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk.
Chacal est le nom vernaculaire désignant en français plusieurs espèces de petite ou moyenne taille de la famille des Canidés. Comme le loup et le chien, ils appartiennent au genre "Canis". On les trouve en Afrique, en Asie mais également en Europe méditerranéenne et plus particulièrement dans les Balkans.
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James Mason
James Mason
James Neville Mason (; 15 May 190927 July 1984) was an English actor. Mason is widely considered to be one of the greatest film actors of the 20th century; he achieved considerable success in British cinema before becoming one of Hollywood's biggest stars. He was the top box office attraction in the UK in 1944 and 1945, with notable films including "The Seventh Veil" (1945) and "The Wicked Lady" (1945). He starred in "Odd Man Out" (1947), the first recipient of the BAFTA Award for Best British Film.
James Mason est un acteur britannique, né le à Huddersfield, dans le Yorkshire (Angleterre), et mort le à Lausanne en Suisse.
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Sounion
Cap Sounion
Cape Sounion (Modern Greek: Aκρωτήριο Σούνιο "Akrotírio Soúnio" ; "Άkron Soúnion", latinized "Sunium"; Venetian: "Capo Colonne" "Cape of Columns") is the promontory at the southernmost tip of the Attic peninsula, south of the town of Lavrio (ancient Thoricus), and southeast of Athens. It is part of Lavreotiki municipality, East Attica, Greece. It is part of Athens metropolitan area.
Le cap Sounion (en grec ancien ; en grec moderne ou ou ; en latin, en vénitien'; appelé cap Colonna avant le ) est un cap de Grèce qui s'avance à au sud-est d’Athènes dans la mer Égée et qui constitue l'extrémité de l'Attique. Il est surtout renommé pour les ruines d'un temple dédié à Poséidon. Il est classé parmi les parcs nationaux de Grèce.
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Military tactics
Tactique militaire
Military tactics encompasses the art of organising and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
La tactique militaire est l'art de conduire une bataille, en disposant les différentes armes (infanterie, arme blindée cavalerie, artillerie, génie ; puis aviation tactique, etc.) sur le terrain et en en combinant l'action en vue d'obtenir le maximum d'effet sur l'ennemi.
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Straw Dogs (1971 film)
Les Chiens de paille (film)
Straw Dogs is a 1971 psychological thriller film directed by Sam Peckinpah and starring Dustin Hoffman and Susan George. The screenplay, by Peckinpah and David Zelag Goodman, is based upon Gordon M. Williams's 1969 novel, "The Siege of Trencher's Farm". The film's title derives from a discussion in the "Tao Te Ching" that likens people to the ancient Chinese ceremonial straw dog, being of ceremonial worth, but afterwards discarded with indifference.
Les Chiens de paille ('), est un film dramatique britanno-américain réalisé par Sam Peckinpah, avec comme acteurs principaux Dustin Hoffman, et Susan George, sorti en 1971. C'est une adaptation du roman'de publié en 1969. Le film raconte l'histoire d'un mathématicien américain et de sa femme, qui, après s'être installés dans une ferme dans la campagne anglaise, se retrouvent confrontés à la violence d'un groupe d'hommes issus du village voisin.
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Jules Guesde
Jules Guesde
Jules Bazile, known as Jules Guesde (; 11 November 1845 – 28 July 1922) was a French socialist journalist and politician.
Jules Guesde ( en principe mais on entend la prononciation dans le Sud-Ouest de la France), pseudonyme de Jules Bazile, né le à Paris et mort le à Saint-Mandé, est un homme politique socialiste français.
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IMAX
IMAX
IMAX is a proprietary system of high-resolution cameras, film formats, film projectors, and theaters known for having very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (approximately either 1.43:1 or 1.90:1) and steep stadium seating.
IMAX, l'abréviation de l'anglais "", est un format de pellicule créé par l'IMAX Corporation, au Canada, qui a la capacité d'exposer des images d'une plus grande taille et d'une meilleure résolution que les pellicules conventionnelles.
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Aether (mythology)
Éther (mythologie)
In Greek mythology, Aether (;, ) is one of the primordial deities. Aether is the personification of the "upper sky". He embodies the pure upper air that the gods breathe, as opposed to the normal air (ἀήρ, "aer") breathed by mortals. Like Tartarus and Erebus, Aether may have had shrines in ancient Greece, but he had no temples and is unlikely to have had a cult.
Dans la mythologie grecque, Éther ou Æther (en grec ancien, de, « brûler ») est un dieu primordial.
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Leo Kanner
Leo Kanner
Leo Kanner (; June 13, 1894 – April 3, 1981) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist, physician, and social activist best known for his work related to autism. Before working at the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Kanner practiced as a physician in Germany and in South Dakota. In 1943, Kanner published his landmark paper "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact", describing 11 children who were highly intelligent but displayed "a powerful desire for aloneness" and "an obsessive insistence on persistent sameness." He named their condition "early infantile autism," which is now known as autism spectrum disorder. Kanner was in charge of developing the first child psychiatry clinic in the United States and later served as the Chief of Child Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is one of the co-founders of The Children's Guild, a nonprofit organization serving children, families and child-serving organizations throughout Maryland and Washington, D.C., and dedicated to “Transforming how America Cares for and Educates its Children and Youth.” He is widely considered one of the most influential American psychiatrists of the 20th century.
Leo Kanner, né le à Klekotow en Galicie, province de l'Empire austro-hongrois, et mort le à Sykesville, Maryland aux États-Unis, est un pédopsychiatre connu pour avoir défini le tableau clinique de l’autisme infantile précoce.
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Damselfly
Zygoptera
Damselflies are insects of the suborder Zygoptera in the order Odonata. They are similar to dragonflies, which constitute the other odonatan suborder, Anisoptera, but are smaller, have slimmer bodies, and most species fold the wings along the body when at rest, unlike dragonflies which hold the wings flat and away from the body. An ancient group, damselflies have existed since at least the Lower Permian, and are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Les zygoptères (Zygoptera) forment un sous-ordre d'insectes appelés en français demoiselles (dont les agrions, les caloptéryx, les ischnures, etc.). On les distingue des libellules au sens strict, surtout par leur corps plus grêle et leurs ailes généralement repliées au repos. Ils appartiennent à la sous-classe des ptérygotes (Pterygota), infra-classe des paléoptères (Palaeoptera), ordre des odonates (Odonata).
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Ether
Éther-oxyde
Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They have the general formula R–O–R′, where R and R′ represent the alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the alkyl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen atom, then it is a simple or symmetrical ether, whereas if they are different, the ethers are called mixed or unsymmetrical ethers. A typical example of the first group is the solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (). Ethers are common in organic chemistry and even more prevalent in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
Les éther-oxydes, appelés aussi plus simplement éthers, sont des composés organiques de formule générale R-O-R', où R et R' sont des groupes alkyle. Ils sont souvent utilisés en chimie organique pour protéger des fonctions alcool lors de réactions de synthèse. Ils ont d'ailleurs avec ces derniers de nombreuses propriétés communes, dues à la liaison carbone-oxygène et aux doublets libres de l'oxygène (voir la section "Géométrie").
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Linux kernel
Noyau Linux
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, Unix-like operating system kernel. It is deployed on a wide variety of computing systems, such as mobile devices (including its use in the Android operating system for tablet computers, smartphones, and smartwatches), personal computers, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, embedded devices (routers, wireless access points, private branch exchanges, set-top boxes, FTA receivers, smart TVs, personal video recorders, and NAS appliances).
Le noyau Linux est un noyau de système d'exploitation de type UNIX. Il est utilisé dans plusieurs systèmes d'exploitation dont notamment GNU/Linux (couramment appelé « Linux ») et Android. Le noyau Linux est un logiciel partiellement libre (contenant des BLOB et des modules non-libre - consultez Linux-libre) développé essentiellement en langage C par des milliers de bénévoles et salariés collaborant sur Internet.
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Bob Kane
Bob Kane
Robert Kane (born Robert Kahn ; October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998) was an American comic book writer, animator and artist who co-created, with Bill Finger, the DC Comics character Batman. Kane also co-created the animated series Cool McCool. He was inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1994 and into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996.
Bob Kane, de son vrai nom Robert Kahn, né le à New York et mort le à Los Angeles est un dessinateur de comics.
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Theatre of ancient Greece
Théâtre grec antique
The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from 600 BC. The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honored the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies.
Le théâtre grec antique est à l'origine du théâtre en Occident. Il prend naissance à l'époque archaïque pour atteindre son apogée à Athènes au
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Luminiferous aether
Éther (physique)
Luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing") was the postulated medium for the propagation of light. It was invoked to explain the ability of the apparently wave-based light to propagate through empty space, something that waves should not be able to do. The assumption of a spatial plenum of luminiferous aether, rather than a spatial vacuum, provided the theoretical medium that was required by wave theories of light.
En physique, le terme d'éther a recouvert plusieurs notions différentes selon les époques. Les différents éthers considérés par les physiciens sont « des substances subtiles distinctes de la matière et permettant de fournir ou transmettre des effets entre les corps ». Ces effets divers ont été les trajectoires des planètes (pour Descartes), la transmission de la force gravitationnelle (Isaac Newton), le transport de la lumière (depuis Descartes, Robert Hooke, Newton et bien d'autres jusqu'au début du ), le transport de la force électrique, magnétique, et ensuite du courant électromagnétique, voire de la création de charge électrique chez certains corps, ainsi que la création d'une force répulsive, autour des corps, contrecarrant la gravitation (pour Pierre-Simon de Laplace expliquant les phénomènes gazeux).
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Theropoda
Theropoda
Theropoda ( from Greek "wild beast" and "foot") or theropods are a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three-toed limbs. They are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. Theropods were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores, omnivores, piscivores, and insectivores. Theropods first appeared during the Carnian age of the late Triassic period 231.4 million years ago (Ma) and included the sole large terrestrial carnivores from the Early Jurassic until at least the close of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma. In the Jurassic, birds evolved from small specialized coelurosaurian theropods, and are today represented by about 10,500 living species.
Les Theropoda, ou théropodes en français, forment un clade de tétrapodes bipèdes comprenant la quasi-totalité des grands dinosaures carnassiers et l'unique clade actuel des oiseaux.
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null
null
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null
Cellophane
Cellophane
Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Its low permeability to air, oils, greases, bacteria, and water makes it useful for food packaging. Cellophane is highly permeable to water vapour, but may be coated with nitrocellulose lacquer to prevent this.
La cellophane est un film fin et transparent constitué d'hydrate de cellulose. C'est un matériau très utilisé pour les emballages alimentaires du fait de sa transparence et de son étanchéité aux micro-organismes : on peut donc surveiller la conservation d'un aliment (telles les confitures) sans ouvrir le récipient.
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Hiking
Randonnée pédestre
Hiking is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. "Hiking" is the preferred term in Canada and the United States; the term "walking" is used in these regions for shorter, particularly urban walks. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, the word "walking" describes all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps. The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England). The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927. In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping. It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.
La randonnée pédestre est une activité de plein air qui s'effectue à pied en suivant un itinéraire, balisé ou non, seul ou en groupe. C'est à la fois un sport et un loisir de découverte et de contemplation.
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Commedia dell'arte
Commedia dell'arte
The characters of the usually represent fixed social types and stock characters, such as foolish old men, devious servants, or military officers full of false bravado. The characters are exaggerated "real characters", such as a know-it-all doctor called Il Dottore, a greedy old man called Pantalone, or a perfect relationship like the Innamorati.
La commedia dell'arte est un genre de théâtre populaire italien, né au, où des acteurs masqués improvisent des comédies marquées par la naïveté, la ruse et l'ingéniosité. Ce genre est apparu avec les premières troupes de comédie avec masques, en 1528.
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Retrovirus
Retroviridae
A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. Once inside the host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus "retro" (backwards). The new DNA is then incorporated into the host cell genome by an integrase enzyme, at which point the retroviral DNA is referred to as a provirus. The host cell then treats the viral DNA as part of its own genome, transcribing and translating the viral genes along with the cell's own genes, producing the proteins required to assemble new copies of the virus.
Les (rétrovirus) sont une famille de virus, qui regroupe les sous-familles suivantes : "Orthoretrovirinae" et "Spumaretrovirinae". Ce sont des virus à ARN monocaténaire de polarité positive, infectant les vertébrés. Ils se distinguent notamment par la présence d'une enzyme virale : la transcriptase inverse (TI, ou encore RT pour '), qui rétro-transcrit leur génome d'ARN en ADN pour être intégré par la suite dans le génome de la cellule hôte. La TI a la particularité de commettre relativement facilement des erreurs, ce qui fait que certains rétrovirus ont une grande variabilité génétique. Les'disposent d'un fort pouvoir oncogène.
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The Wild Bunch
La Horde sauvage (film, 1969)
The Wild Bunch is a 1969 American revisionist Western film directed by Sam Peckinpah and starring William Holden, Robert Ryan, Ernest Borgnine, Edmond O'Brien, Ben Johnson and Warren Oates. The plot concerns an aging outlaw gang on the Mexico–United States border trying to adapt to the changing modern world of 1913. The film was controversial because of its graphic violence and its portrayal of crude men attempting to survive by any available means.
La Horde sauvage ("") est un film américain réalisé par Sam Peckinpah sorti en 1969, avec comme acteurs principaux : William Holden, Ernest Borgnine, Robert Ryan, Edmond O'Brien, Warren Oates, Jaime Sánchez et Ben Johnson.
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Peter Claver
Pierre Claver
Peter Claver, (, ) (26 June 1580 – 8 September 1654) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and missionary born in Verdú (Catalonia, Spain) who, due to his life and work, became the patron saint of slaves, the Republic of Colombia, and ministry to African Americans. During the 40 years of his ministry in the New Kingdom of Granada, it is estimated he personally baptized around 300,000 people (in groups of 10) and heard the confessions of over 5,000 slaves per year. He is also patron saint for seafarers. He is considered a heroic example of what should be the Christian praxis of love and of the exercise of human rights. The Congress of the Republic of Colombia declared September 9 as the Human Rights national Day in his honor.
Pierre Claver, né le à Verdú (principauté de Catalogne) et mort le à Carthagène des Indes (Nouvelle-Grenade, actuelle Colombie), est un prêtre jésuite espagnol reconnu saint par l'Église catholique. Missionnaire en Amérique du Sud, il s'implique particulièrement auprès des esclaves africains. Canonisé en 1888, il est liturgiquement commémoré le.
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Pietro I Orseolo
Pietro Orseolo
Pietro I Orseolo, O.S.B. Cam. (Peter Urseolus) (928–987) was the Doge of Venice from 976 until 978. He abdicated his office and left in the middle of the night to become a monk. He later entered the Camaldolese Order. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church following his canonization in 1731. In 1733 the Venetian librarian Giuseppe Bettinelli published an edition of a biography written by the infamous heretical Friar Fulgenzio Manfredi in 1606.
Pietro Orseolo ou Pietro I Orseolo, parfois francisé en Pierre Orseolo († 987) est le doge de Venise. C'est un saint catholique fêté localement le 10 janvier
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Pierre de Luxembourg
Pierre de Luxembourg
Pierre de Luxembourg (20 July 1369 – 2 July 1387) was a French Roman Catholic prelate who served the Bishop of Metz and pseudocardinal from 1384 until his death. Pierre was descended from nobles who secured his entrance into the priesthood when he started to serve in several places as a canon before he was named as the Bishop of Metz and a pseudocardinal under an antipope. He was noted for his austerities and successes in diocesan reform as well as for his dedication to the faithful but he tried to end the Western Schism that pitted pope against antipope and rulers against rulers. His efforts were in vain and he was soon driven from Metz but moved to southern France where he died from anorexia as a result of his harsh self-imposed penances.
Pierre de Luxembourg, né en 1369 à Ligny-en-Barrois et mort en 1387 à Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, est un cardinal. C'est un bienheureux catholique fêté le 2 juillet.
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Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (; 21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, leading to the Coriolis effect. He was the first to apply the term "travail" (translated as "work") for the transfer of energy by a force acting through a distance.
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (parfois simplement nommé Gustave Coriolis) est un mathématicien et ingénieur français, né le à Paris où il est mort le.
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Eurysthenes
Eurysthénès
In Greek mythology, Eurysthenes (, "widely ruling") was one of the Heracleidae, a great-great-great-grandson of Heracles, and a son of Aristodemus and Argia. His twin was Procles. Together they received the land of Lacedaemon after Cresphontes, Temenus and Aristodemus defeated Tisamenus, the last Achaean king of the Peloponnesus. Eurysthenes married Lathria, daughter of Thersander, King of Kleonoe, sister of his sister-in-law Anaxandra, and was the father of his successor, Agis I, founder of the Agiad dynasty of the Kings of Sparta.
Dans la mythologie grecque, Eurysthénès (en grec ancien Εὐρυσθένης), fils d'Aristodème et d'Argie, est le frère jumeau de Proclès et un des Héraclides. Il est élevé par son oncle maternel Théras.
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Opal
Opale
Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO·"n"HO); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Because of its amorphous character, it is classed as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are classed as minerals. It is deposited at a relatively low temperature and may occur in the fissures of almost any kind of rock, being most commonly found with limonite, sandstone, rhyolite, marl, and basalt.
Une opale est un minéral composé de silice hydratée de formule SiO, nHO, avec des traces d'uranium, de magnésium, de calcium, d'aluminium, de fer, d'arsenic, de sodium et de potassium. La teneur en eau est comprise habituellement entre 3 et 9 % ; elle peut atteindre 20 % suivant les variétés.
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Nuno Bettencourt
Nuno Bettencourt
Nuno Duarte Gil Mendes Bettencourt (born September 20, 1966) is a Portuguese-American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He became known as the lead guitarist of the Boston rock band Extreme. He has also recorded a solo album as well as having founded bands including Mourning Widows, Population 1, DramaGods, The Satellite Party (headed by Jane's Addiction's then-former frontman and Lollapalooza co-founder Perry Farrell). In 2007 he also reunited with Extreme to record new music and tour.
Nuno Bettencourt est un guitariste luso-américain de hard rock né en 1966 à Praia da Vitoria, aux Açores. Il est le dernier d'une famille de 10 enfants. À l'âge de 4 ans, il quitte avec sa famille les Açores pour les États-Unis. Il grandit dans la ville de Boston où il deviendra guitariste du groupe de hard rock Extreme. Il est actuellement guitariste pour Rihanna et pour le groupe Extreme, reformé en 2007. Il lui est attribué le statut de guitar hero dans les années 1990. Pour célébrer les 25 ans de l'album "", une tournée fut lancée à travers le monde en 2014/2015.
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Prejudice
Préjugé
Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived, usually unfavourable, evaluation of another person based on that person's political affiliation, sex, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality, sport team affiliation or other personal characteristics.
Le terme préjugé (jugement préalable) désigne des opinions adoptées en l'absence d'informations ou de pratiques suffisantes. Parfois articulés sur des mythes ou des croyances, ou résultant d'une généralisation hâtive, les préjugés sont considérés dans une perspective bayésienne comme le point de départ de toute acquisition d'information, le processus d'apprentissage consistant simplement à les rectifier aussi vite que possible à la lumière de l'expérience.
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Permutation
Permutation
In mathematics, a permutation of a set is, loosely speaking, an arrangement of its members into a sequence or linear order, or if the set is already ordered, a rearrangement of its elements. The word "permutation" also refers to the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set.
En mathématiques, la notion de permutation exprime l'idée de réarrangement d'objets discernables. Une permutation d'objets distincts rangés dans un certain ordre correspond à un changement de l'ordre de succession de ces objets.
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Home appliance
Électroménager
A home appliance, domestic appliance or household appliance, is a device which assists in household functions such as cooking, cleaning and food preservation.
Le terme électroménager caractérise tous les appareils et outils utilisant l'électricité et destinés à assurer des besoins domestiques, par opposition aux outils et machines industriels.
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Intercity Express
Intercity-Express
The Intercity Express (commonly known as ICE ()) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany. It also serves some destinations in Austria, Denmark, France, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands mostly as part of cross border services. It is the highest service category of rail and the flagship train of the German state railway, Deutsche Bahn. There are currently 259 trainsets in use. ICE trains are the highest category (Class A) trains in the fare system of the Deutsche Bahn. Their fares are not calculated on a fixed per-kilometre table as with other trains, but instead have fixed prices for station-to-station connections, levied on the grounds that the ICE trains have a higher level of comfort. Travelling at speeds up to, they are tailored for business travellers or long-distance commuters and are marketed by Deutsche Bahn as an alternative to flights.
L'Intercity-Express (ICE ; en Autriche et Suisse : InterCityExpress) est l'offre « premium » de la Deutsche Bahn, la compagnie de chemin de fer allemande, et désigne à la fois le train en tant que matériel et la ligne commerciale sur laquelle le train circule.
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Caelum
Burin (constellation)
Caelum is a faint constellation in the southern sky, introduced in the 1750s by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille and counted among the 88 modern constellations. Its name means “"chisel"” in Latin, and it was formerly known as Caelum Scalptorium (“"the engravers’ chisel"”); It is a rare word, unrelated to the far more common Latin "caelum", meaning “sky, heaven, atmosphere”. It is the eighth-smallest constellation, and subtends a solid angle of around 0.038 steradians, just less than that of Corona Australis.
Le Burin est une constellation mineure de l'hémisphère sud, coincée entre l'Éridan et la Colombe. Elle n'est visible qu'à partir du sud de l'Europe et à cet endroit uniquement à la fin de l'automne et en hiver, près de l'horizon.
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Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Préraphaélisme
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (later known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens and Thomas Woolner who formed a seven-member "Brotherhood" modelled in part on the Nazarene movement. The Brotherhood was only ever a loose association and their principles were shared by other artists of the time, including Ford Madox Brown, Arthur Hughes and Marie Spartali Stillman. Later followers of the principles of the Brotherhood included Edward Burne-Jones, William Morris and John William Waterhouse.
Le préraphaélisme est un mouvement artistique né au Royaume-Uni en 1848. Ce mouvement tient la peinture des maîtres italiens du, prédécesseurs de Raphaël, comme le modèle à imiter.
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Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex ("rex" meaning "king" in Latin), often called T. rex or colloquially T-Rex, is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods. "Tyrannosaurus" lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. "Tyrannosaurus" had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous period, 68 to 66 million years ago. It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids, and among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
Tyrannosaurus, communément appelé tyrannosaure, est un genre éteint de dinosaures théropodes appartenant à la famille des Tyrannosauridae et ayant vécu durant la partie supérieure du Maastrichtien, dernier étage du système Crétacé, il y a environ 68 à 66 millions d'années, dans ce qui est actuellement l'Amérique du Nord. "Tyrannosaurus rex", dont l'étymologie du nom signifie, est l'une des plus célèbres espèces de dinosaure et l'unique espèce de "Tyrannosaurus" si le taxon "Tarbosaurus bataar" n'est pas considéré comme faisant partie du même genre. "Tyrannosaurus" fut l'un des derniers dinosaures non-aviens à avoir vécu jusqu'à l'extinction survenue à la limite Crétacé-Paléocène il y a d'années.
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Pegasus (constellation)
Pégase (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today.
Pégase est une constellation de l'hémisphère nord, située au sud d'Andromède, au nord des Poissons et au nord-ouest du Verseau. C'est la septième constellation du ciel par la taille ().
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Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Traité de Neuilly
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine () required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
Le traité de Neuilly est signé à Neuilly-sur-Seine, le, par les Alliés et la Bulgarie, alliée de l'Allemagne pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. La Bulgarie doit rendre ou céder des territoires à ses voisins et payer des réparations de guerre aux Alliés.
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Franz Beckenbauer
Franz Beckenbauer
Franz Anton Beckenbauer (; born 11 September 1945) is a German former professional footballer and manager. Early in his playing career he was nicknamed "Der Kaiser" ("The Emperor") because of his elegant style, dominance and leadership on the field, and also as his first name "Franz" is reminiscent of the Austrian emperors. He is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. A versatile player who started out as a midfielder, Beckenbauer made his name as a central defender. He is often credited as having invented the role of the modern sweeper ("libero").
Franz Anton Beckenbauer, né le à Munich, est un footballeur international puis entraîneur allemand. Grand nom de l'histoire du football au poste de libéro, Beckenbauer signe sa domination au plus haut niveau international en remportant en tant que capitaine de l'équipe d'Allemagne de l'Ouest le Championnat d'Europe de 1972 et la Coupe du monde deux ans plus tard. En plus de ses succès internationaux, Beckenbauer mène également son club du Bayern Munich au triplé en Coupe des clubs champions européens (1974-76) et est élu deux fois Ballon d'or, en 1972 et 1976 (il est à ce jour l'un des trois seuls défenseurs à avoir décroché la récompense avec son compatriote Matthias Sammer du Borussia Dortmund en 1996 et l'Italien Fabio Cannavaro de la Juve en 2006). Le Bavarois devient ensuite sélectionneur de l'Allemagne et remporte notamment la Coupe du monde 1990.
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Centaurus
Centaure (constellation)
Centaurus is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and V766 Centauri, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Le Centaure est une constellation de l'hémisphère sud, l'une des plus vastes du ciel. Elle contient un nombre assez considérable d'étoiles brillantes, 10 d'entre elles dépassant la magnitude apparente 3.
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Universal Carrier
Universal Carrier
The Universal Carrier, also known as the Bren Gun Carrier and sometimes simply the Bren Carrier from the light machine gun armament, is a common name describing a family of light armoured tracked vehicles built by Vickers-Armstrongs and other companies.
Le Carden-Loyd Universal Carrier, souvent appelé Bren Gun Carrier est une chenillette d'infanterie conçue en 1935 au Royaume-Uni et construite par Vickers-Armstrong. Elle assura la succession des Carden-Loyd Mk.IV au sein des unités Britanniques et du Commonwealth. Les États-Unis la produisirent sous licence avec la désignation de T-16. La production s'arrêta en 1945. Il fut utilisé jusque dans les années 1960.
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Street art
Art urbain
Street art is unofficial and independent visual art created in public locations for public visibility. Street art is associated with the terms "independent art", "post-graffiti", "neo-graffiti", and guerrilla art.
Lart urbain ou est, à la fois, un mouvement artistique et un mode d'expression artistique, qui s'affirme ou se revendique ainsi à partir de la fin du siècle.
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Organization of World Heritage Cities
Organisation des villes du patrimoine mondial
The Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC) is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization of 250 cities in which sites of the UNESCO World Heritage list are located. It was founded in 1993 in Fez, Morocco, during the second International Symposium of World Heritage Cities. The headquarters of the OWHC are located in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Altogether the 250 member cities of the OWHC have a population of more than 130 million.
L'Organisation des villes du patrimoine mondial (OVPM) réunit 203 villes ayant sur leur territoire un site inscrit par l'UNESCO dans la Liste du patrimoine mondial. Ces villes sont réparties comme suit : 7 en Afrique, 36 en Amérique latine et Caraïbes, 20 en Asie et pacifique, 120 en Europe et 20 dans les Pays arabes. De plus, l'OVPM compte actuellement quatre membres observateurs.
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Circinus
Compas (constellation)
Circinus is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky, first defined in 1756 by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille. Its name is Latin for compass, referring to the drafting tool used for drawing circles (it should not be confused with Pyxis, a constellation that represents a mariner's compass which points north). Its brightest star is Alpha Circini, with an apparent magnitude of 3.19. Slightly variable, it is the brightest rapidly oscillating Ap star in the night sky. AX Circini is a Cepheid variable visible with the unaided eye, and BX Circini is a faint star thought to have been formed from the merger of two white dwarfs. Two sun-like stars have planetary systems: HD 134060 has two small planets, and HD 129445 has a Jupiter-like planet. Supernova SN 185 appeared in Circinus in 185 AD and was recorded by Chinese observers. Two novae have been observed more recently, in the 20th century.
Le Compas (dont le nom latin est Circinus) est une toute petite constellation de l'hémisphère sud. Elle est située juste à côté des étoiles brillantes α et β du Centaure.
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GE multifactoral analysis
Matrice McKinsey
GE multifactoral analysis is a technique used in brand marketing and product management to help a company decide what product(s) to add to its product portfolio and which opportunities in the market they should continue to invest in. It is conceptually similar to BCG analysis, but somewhat more complicated. Like in BCG analysis, a two-dimensional portfolio matrix is created. However, with the GE model the dimensions are multi factorial. One dimension comprises nine industry attractiveness measures; the other comprises twelve internal business strength measures. The GE matrix helps a strategic business unit evaluate its overall strength.
Il s'agit d'une matrice de décision stratégique, développée par le cabinet de conseil McKinsey & Company, où chaque DAS (Domaine d'activité stratégique) est analysé à partir de deux dimensions : l’attrait du marché (pour l'entreprise devant prendre une décision) et la position concurrentielle.
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Free trade
Libre-échange
Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. It can also be understood as the free market idea applied to international trade. In government, free trade is predominantly advocated by political parties that hold liberal economic positions while economically left-wing and nationalist political parties generally support protectionism, the opposite of free trade.
Le libre-échange est un principe visant à favoriser le développement du commerce international en supprimant les barrières douanières tarifaires et non tarifaires et les réglementations nationales susceptibles de restreindre l'importation des biens et des services. Au sens strict, la notion ne s'étend pas aux mouvements de travailleurs ou de capitaux. Il s'oppose au protectionnisme et au mercantilisme.
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Nitrous oxide
Protoxyde d'azote
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula. At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable gas, with a slight metallic scent and taste. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen. It is soluble in water.
Le protoxyde d'azote, également appelé oxyde nitreux, hémioxyde d'azote ou encore gaz hilarant, est un composé chimique de formule.
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Lemnos
Lemnos
Lemnos (; ) is a Greek island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within the Lemnos regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Myrina. At, it is the 8th-largest island of Greece.
Lemnos ou Límnos (en, en ) est une île grecque du nord-est de la mer Égée, située entre la péninsule du mont Athos à l'ouest, les îles de Thasos et Samothrace au nord, la Turquie (et les îles turques de Gökçeada et Ténédos) à l'est, Lesbos au sud-est, Agios Efstrátios et les Sporades au sud-ouest. Elle forme un dème (municipalité) et un district régional de la périphérie d'Égée-Septentrionale. Avant la réforme Kallikratis (2010), elle était rattachée au nome de Lesbos.
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James Buchanan
James Buchanan
James Buchanan Jr. (; April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861). He previously served as Secretary of State (1845–1849) and represented Pennsylvania in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He was a states' rights advocate, minimizing the role of the federal government in the nation's closing era of slavery. He is therefore consistently ranked by historians as one of the least effective presidents in history, for his failure to mitigate the national disunity that led to the American Civil War.
James Buchanan, Jr. (, 1791 – 1868) est le quinzième président des États-Unis. Il est élu pour un mandat de 1857 à 1861. Durant son mandat, les conditions de la sécession des États du Sud apparaissent et se sédimentent. Buchanan traite le problème sur le plan du droit et ne parvient pas à endiguer la crise profonde qui secoue le pays. En conséquence, de nombreuses études comparatives menées par des historiens, dans le but de classer les mérites respectifs des présidents américains, ont rangé Buchanan parmi les pires présidents que les États-Unis aient connus. Philip Klein, biographe de Buchanan, rappelle toutefois que :
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Dundas, Ontario
Dundas (Ontario)
Dundas is a community and former town in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is nicknamed the "Valley Town" because of its topographical location at the bottom of the Niagara Escarpment on the western edge of Lake Ontario. The population has been stable for decades at about twenty thousand, largely because it has not annexed rural land from the protected Dundas Valley Conservation Area.
Dundas est un quartier de Hamilton, en Ontario, au Canada. De 1848 à 2001, Dundas était une ville. Le, l'ancienne municipalité régionale de Hamilton-Wentworth, qui a contenu Dundas et quelques autres villes (par exemple Ancaster), a été formellement amalgamée dans la ville de Hamilton.
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Mud logging
Technicien de surveillance de forages
Mud logging is the creation of a detailed record (well log) of a borehole by examining the cuttings of rock brought to the surface by the circulating drilling medium (most commonly drilling mud). Mud logging is usually performed by a third-party mud logging company. This provides well owners and producers with information about the lithology and fluid content of the borehole while drilling. Historically it is the earliest type of well log. Under some circumstances compressed air is employed as a circulating fluid, rather than mud. Although most commonly used in petroleum exploration, mud logging is also sometimes used when drilling water wells and in other mineral exploration, where drilling fluid is the circulating medium used to lift cuttings out of the hole. In hydrocarbon exploration, hydrocarbon surface gas detectors record the level of natural gas brought up in the mud. A mobile laboratory is situated by the mud logging company near the drilling rig or on deck of an offshore drilling rig, or on a drill ship.
Sur les forages pétroliers, un technicien de surveillance de forages (ou en anglais) est une personne de l'équipe de géologie chargée de la collecte régulière et de l'étude d'échantillons tout au long du forage.
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Piper Perabo
Piper Perabo
Piper Lisa Perabo (; born October 31, 1976) is an American actress. Following her breakthrough role in the comedy-drama film "Coyote Ugly" (2000), she has starred in "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle" (2000), "Lost and Delirious" (2001), "Cheaper by the Dozen" (2003), "Imagine Me & You" (2005), "Cheaper by the Dozen 2" (2005), "The Prestige" (2006), "Because I Said So" (2007), "Beverly Hills Chihuahua" (2008), "Carriers" (2009), "Looper" (2012), "Black Butterfly" (2017), and "Angel Has Fallen" (2019).
Piper Perabo, de son vrai complet Piper Lisa Perabo, née le à Dallas, au Texas, aux (États-Unis), est une actrice américaine.
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Offshoring
Délocalisation
Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting. Typically this refers to a company business, although state governments may also employ offshoring. More recently, technical and administrative services have been offshored.
La délocalisation, en anglais offshoring, est le transfert par une entreprise d'activités, de capitaux et d'emplois dans des régions du monde offrant pour elle un avantage compétitif du fait :
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Joe Clark
Joe Clark
Charles Joseph Clark (born June 5, 1939) is a Canadian elder statesman, businessman, writer, and politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979, to March 3, 1980.
Charles Joseph Clark, dit Joe Clark, né le à High River (Alberta), est un homme d'État canadien. Il est Premier ministre du Canada du au.
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Meg Ryan
Meg Ryan
Meg Ryan (born Margaret Mary Emily Hyra; November 19, 1961) is an American actress and producer. Ryan began her acting career in 1981 in minor roles before joining the cast of the CBS soap opera "As the World Turns" in 1982. Subsequently, she began to appear in supporting roles in films during the mid 1980s like box office hit "Top Gun", achieving recognition in independent films such as "Promised Land" (1987) before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination.
Meg Ryan, née le à Fairfield (Connecticut), est une actrice et productrice américaine. Elle a joué principalement dans des comédies romantiques populaires des années 1990. Dont le film Quand Harry rencontre Sally avec Billy Crystal.
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Corona Borealis
Couronne boréale
Corona Borealis is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its brightest stars form a semicircular arc. Its Latin name, inspired by its shape, means "northern crown". In classical mythology Corona Borealis generally represented the crown given by the god Dionysus to the Cretan princess Ariadne and set by him in the heavens. Other cultures likened the pattern to a circle of elders, an eagle's nest, a bear's den, or even a smokehole. Ptolemy also listed a southern counterpart, Corona Australis, with a similar pattern.
La Couronne boréale est une petite constellation de l'hémisphère nord. Elle est effectivement formée d'étoiles disposées en un arc-de-cercle, l'étoile centrale, α Coronae Borealis (Alphecca), étant la plus brillante et formant le diadème. Elle est le pendant septentrional de la Couronne australe.
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Corvus (constellation)
Corbeau (constellation)
Corvus is a small constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Its name means "raven" in Latin. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it depicts a raven, a bird associated with stories about the god Apollo, perched on the back of Hydra the water snake. The four brightest stars, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Beta Corvi, form a distinctive quadrilateral in the night sky.
Le Corbeau est une petite constellation de l'hémisphère sud. Elle est l'une des 48 constellations répertoriées par l'astronome du Ptolémée, qui dépeint un corbeau impliqué dans des légendes associées au dieu Apollon, perché sur le dos de l'Hydre. Ses quatre étoiles les plus brillantes, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, et Beta Corvi, forment un quadrilatère très caractéristique et facilement identifiable dans le ciel nocturne.
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Rhapsode
Rhapsode
A rhapsode () or, in modern usage, rhapsodist, refers to a classical Greek professional performer of epic poetry in the fifth and fourth centuries BC (and perhaps earlier). Rhapsodes notably performed the epics of Homer ("Iliad" and "Odyssey") but also the wisdom and catalogue poetry of Hesiod and the satires of Archilochus and others. Plato's dialogue "Ion", in which Socrates confronts a star player rhapsode, remains the most coherent source of information on these artists. Often, rhapsodes are depicted in Greek art, wearing their signature cloak and carrying a staff. This equipment is also characteristic of travellers in general, implying that rhapsodes were itinerant performers, moving from town to town. Rhapsodes originated in the Ionian district, which has been sometimes regarded as Homer's birthplace, and were also known as Homeridai, disciples of Homer, or "singers of stitched lays."
Un rhapsode ou rapsode (en grec ancien / ) est, en Grèce antique, un artiste qui va de ville en ville, récitant ou déclamant les œuvres écrites par un autre (principalement des épopées). Homère lui-même en présente deux dans l’"Odyssée" : Démodocos et Phémios.
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Mail order
Vente par correspondance
Mail order is the buying of goods or services by mail delivery. The buyer places an order for the desired products with the merchant through some remote method such as:
La vente par correspondance (ou VPC) est un mode de vente où l'acheteur et le vendeur ne se rencontrent pas. L'ensemble de la transaction, de la commande au paiement se fait à distance.
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Yakovlev Yak-3
Yakovlev Yak-3
Phronesis () is an ancient Greek word for a type of wisdom or intelligence. It is more specifically a type of wisdom relevant to practical action, implying both good judgement and excellence of character and habits, sometimes referred to as "practical virtue". Phronesis was a common topic of discussion in ancient Greek philosophy.
Le Yak-3 (Як-3) est un avion de chasse monoplace soviétique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cet avion a été réservé aux unités d'élite des Forces aériennes soviétiques.
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Populus tremula
Tremble
Populus tremula, commonly called aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, or quaking aspen, is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from Iceland and the British Isles east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia, and south to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains.
Le peuplier tremble, tremble ou tremble d'Europe "(Populus tremula)" est une espèce d'arbre du genre "Populus" et de la famille des "Salicaceae". Il est de taille moyenne à feuilles caduques. Seule variété de peuplier forestier, il est répandu dans l'ensemble de l'Eurasie.
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Demographics of Qatar
Démographie du Qatar
Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris () are descended from a number of migratory Arab tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century from mainly the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. Some are descended from Omani tribes. Qatar has about 2.6 million inhabitants as of early 2017, the vast majority of whom (about 92%) live in Doha, the capital. Foreign workers amount to around 88% of the population, with Indians being the largest community numbering around 1,230,000. The treatment of these foreign workers has been heavily criticized in recent years, with living conditions suggested to be exploitative and abusive.
Le Qatar compte environ 2,6 millions d'habitants en 2016 dont 80 % d'étrangers. Ces travailleurs étrangers sont pour la plupart venus d'Inde, d'Iran, du Pakistan, d'Irak, du Népal, du Bangladesh et du Sri lanka. Ils travaillent, en général dans des conditions très difficiles, sur les innombrables chantiers que le pays lance en plein désert. Les Occidentaux ou Arabes occupent, eux, des postes à responsabilité dans les secteurs de l'énergie, de la banque ou de la publicité. Les expatriés occidentaux jouissent d'un niveau de vie élevé mais ne font pas partie des représentants politiques.
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Impeachment
Impeachment
Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official. Impeachment does not in itself remove the official definitively from office; it is similar to an indictment in criminal law, and thus it is essentially the statement of charges against the official. In some countries, the impeached official is provisionally removed, while in others, he remains in office during the trial. An impeached official must face the possibility of conviction — in many jurisdictions, by another legislative vote — and a judgment that convicts the official on the articles of impeachment generally entails the official's definitive removal from office.
L' est une procédure du droit anglo-saxon par laquelle un organe détenant le pouvoir législatif met en accusation un officiel du gouvernement. Elle ne signifie pas automatiquement la déchéance, mais peut constituer la première étape d'un processus menant à la démission des fonctions de la personne mise en accusation.
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Crux
Croix du Sud
Crux () is a constellation centred on four stars in the southern sky in a bright portion of the Milky Way. It is among the most easily distinguished constellations as its hallmark (asterism) stars each have an apparent visual magnitude brighter than +2.8, even though it is the smallest of all 88 modern constellations. Its name is Latin for cross, and it is dominated by a cross-shaped or kite-like asterism that is commonly known as the Southern Cross.
La Croix du Sud est une petite constellation de l'hémisphère sud, la plus petite de toutes les constellations, qui contient notamment un amas d'étoiles appelé « la Boîte à bijoux ».
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Modafinil
Modafinil
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a medication to treat sleepiness due to narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, or obstructive sleep apnea. While it has seen off-label use as a purported cognitive enhancer, the research on its effectiveness for this use is not conclusive. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and nausea. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, misuse, and hallucinations. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. The amount of medication used may need to be adjusted in those with kidney or liver problems. It is not recommended in those with an arrhythmia, significant hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy. How it works is not entirely clear. One possibility is that it may affect the areas of the brain involved with the sleep cycle. Modafinil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. In the United States it is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance. In the United Kingdom it is a prescription only medication. It is available as a generic medication. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £105.21 a month as of 2018. In the United States the wholesale cost per month is about US$34.20 as of 2018. In 2017, it was the 328th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 900 thousand prescriptions.
Le modafinil est un psychostimulant utilisé dans le traitement de la narcolepsie et de l'hypersomnie idiopathique. Il fut testé sur un millier de soldats français lors de la guerre du Golfe en 1991, sans même que le médicament ait été autorisé. Il permet aux personnes qui souffrent d'une fatigue inhabituelle de rester éveillées sans effets secondaires ou presque. La prescription habituelle est d'une pilule dès l'éveil ; ses effets durent presque toute la journée, mais n'empêchent pas la personne de dormir aux horaires normaux. Il est prescrit sous les noms de marques Provigil aux États-Unis, Modiodal en France, Alertec au Canada, et Modasomil. Sa prescription en France doit se faire sur une ordonnance spéciale, « médicaments d'exception » en raison de son caractère puissant, détourné et son prix coûteux.
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United States Congress
Congrès des États-Unis
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, and consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 representatives and 100 senators. In addition, the House of Representatives currently has six non-voting members, bringing the total membership of the US Congress to 541 or fewer in the case of vacancies.
Le Congrès des États-Unis () est la législature bicamérale du gouvernement fédéral des États-Unis, représentant sa branche législative. Ses deux chambres sont le Sénat ('), la chambre haute composée de (deux par État), et la Chambre des représentants ('), la chambre basse composée de.
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The Gold of Tolosa
Or de Toulouse
The Gold of Tolosa (also the aurum Tolosanum) is the appellation used to refer to a semi-legendary treasure hoard seized by the ancient Roman proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio from the Volcae town of Tolosa, modern-day Toulouse.
LOr de Toulouse ("aurum tolosanum") est un récit rapporté par de nombreux auteurs anciens, dont le statut historique ou mythique n'est pas établi. Ce trésor proviendrait de l’hypothétique pillage du sanctuaire d'Apollon de Delphes, lors de la Grande Expédition celtique (279 av. J.-C.) puis aurait été saisi par l'armée romaine venue contrer la rébellion des Volques Tectosages pour ensuite être volé lors de son convoiement vers Rome.
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Economy of Qatar
Économie du Qatar
The economy of Qatar is one of the richest in the world based on GDP per capita, ranking between fifth and seventh on world rankings for 2015 and 2016 data compiled by the World Bank, United Nations, and IMF..The country's economy has grown despite sanctions by neighbors, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates(U.A.E).
L’économie du Qatar se trouve parmi celles qui connaissent le plus fort taux de croissance du monde avec, entre 2000 et 2004 un taux égal à 18,9 %. Le pays a intégré l'OMC le 13 janvier 1996.
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Pierre-Paul Riquet
Pierre-Paul Riquet
Pierre-Paul Riquet, Baron de Bonrepos (29 June 1609 (some sources say 1604) – 4 October 1680) was the engineer and canal-builder responsible for the construction of the Canal du Midi.
Pierre-Paul Riquet, baron de Bonrepos, né le à Béziers dans la province de Languedoc (aujourd'hui Occitanie) et mort le à Toulouse, est un fermier général des gabelles et entrepreneur français qui a conçu et réalisé le canal du Midi dans le Sud de la France entre la Garonne et la mer Méditerranée.
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Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatoire
Anti-inflammatory (or antiinflammatory) is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs make up about half of analgesics, remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain signaling to the brain.
Un anti-inflammatoire, ou antiphlogistique, est un médicament destiné à combattre une inflammation. Il s’agit d’un groupe de médicaments destinés à traiter une réaction inflammatoire et les maladies qui en résultent telles que les manifestations rhumatismales, les fractures, les stomatites et les lésions génitales et urinaires.
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Brownsea Island
Brownsea Island
Brownsea Island (also archaically known as "Branksea") is the largest of the islands in Poole Harbour in the county of Dorset, England. The island is owned by the National Trust with the northern half managed by the Dorset Wildlife Trust. Much of the island is open to the public and includes areas of woodland and heath with a wide variety of wildlife, together with cliff top views across Poole Harbour and the Isle of Purbeck.
Brownsea Island est la plus grande des huit îles de Poole Harbour, Dorset (Angleterre). La plus grande partie est une réserve naturelle et un important habitat d'oiseaux. L'île est ouverte au public mais le flux de visiteurs est régulé.
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UEFA Euro 2000
Championnat d'Europe de football 2000
The 2000 UEFA European Football Championship, also known as Euro 2000, was the 11th UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and organised by UEFA, association football's governing body in Europe.
Il s'agit de la du Championnat d'Europe de football qui se tient tous les quatre ans et est organisé par l'UEFA (association regroupant les fédérations nationales de football d'Europe).
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Cherub
Chérubin
A cherub (; plural cherubim; "kərūv", pl. "kərūvîm", likely borrowed from a derived form of "karābu" "to bless" such as kāribu "one who blesses", a name for the lamassu) is one of the unearthly beings who directly attend to God in Abrahamic religions. The numerous depictions of cherubim assign to them many different roles, such as protecting the entrance of the Garden of Eden.
Le chérubin ou angelot est une figure d'ange qu'on trouve dans la religion juive et chrétienne. Leur figure originale est une, au physique qui mélange le lion, le taureau, l'oiseau et l'homme.
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Politics of Luxembourg
Politique au Luxembourg
The politics of Luxembourg takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Luxembourg is the head of government, and the multi-party system. Executive power is under the constitution of 1868, as amended, exercised by the government, by the Grand Duke and the Council of Government (cabinet), which consists of a prime minister and several other ministers. Usually, the prime minister is the leader of the political party or coalition of parties having the most seats in parliament. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg est un État souverain et indépendant depuis le traité de Londres du 19 avril 1839. Le Luxembourg est une démocratie parlementaire sous la forme d'une monarchie constitutionnelle. La couronne du grand-duché est héréditaire dans la famille de Nassau-Weilbourg. Le Luxembourg possède par ailleurs une particularité : c’est l'unique grand-duché au monde.
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Jules Bordet
Jules Bordet
Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (; 13 June 1870 – 6 April 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus "Bordetella" is named after him. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to him in 1919 for his discoveries relating to immunity.
Jules Jean-Baptiste Vincent Bordet, né le à Soignies, Belgique et mort le à Bruxelles, est un immunologiste et un microbiologiste belge. Il est lauréat du prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine de 1919. Les bactéries du genre "Bordetella" lui doivent leur nom.
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Toulouse-Matabiau station
Gare de Toulouse-Matabiau
Toulouse-Matabiau is the main railway station in Toulouse, southern France. It is in the city centre and connected to the Toulouse Metro. The station is situated on the Bordeaux–Sète railway, Toulouse–Bayonne railway, Brive–Toulouse (via Capdenac) railway and Toulouse–Auch railway. Direct trains run to most parts of France.
La gare de Toulouse-Matabiau est une gare ferroviaire française des lignes de Bordeaux-Saint-Jean à Sète-Ville, de Toulouse à Bayonne et de Brive-la-Gaillarde à Toulouse-Matabiau via Capdenac. Elle est située à proximité du centre-ville de Toulouse, chef-lieu du département de la Haute-Garonne et de la région Occitanie.
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Lilian Thuram
Lilian Thuram
Ruddy Lilian Thuram-Ulien (; born 1 January 1972) is a French retired professional football defender and the most capped player in the history of the France national team with 142 appearances between 1994 and 2008.
Lilian Thuram, né le à Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe), est un footballeur international français. Depuis le match France-Togo du, il détient le record de sélections (142) en équipe de France.
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Nootropic
Nootrope
Nootropics ( ) (colloquial: smart drugs and cognitive enhancers) are drugs, supplements, and other substances that may improve cognitive function, particularly executive functions, memory, creativity, or motivation, in healthy individuals. While many substances are purported to improve cognition, research is at a preliminary stage as of 2020, and the effects of the majority of these agents are not fully determined.
Les nootropes (du grec ancien "νόος", "nóos" « psyché, esprit » et du suffixe -trope, de "τρόπος", "tropos" « tour, direction, orientation ») sont des médicaments, plantes, compléments alimentaires et substances diverses possédant une action de modulation de la physiologie et de la psychologie impliquant une "augmentation cognitive" et qui ne présentent pas ou relativement peu d'effets nocifs sur la santé à dose standard. Les nootropes sont promus dans le transhumanisme comme un moyen général d'améliorer les conditions de vie, ou pour des buts spécifiques, comme l'augmentation de la motivation.
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Omelette
Omelette
In cuisine, an omelette or omelet is a dish made from beaten eggs, fried with butter or oil in a frying pan (without stirring as in scrambled egg). It is quite common for the omelette to be folded around fillings such as cheese, chives, vegetables, mushrooms, meat (often ham or bacon), or some combination of the above. Whole eggs or egg whites are often beaten with a small amount of milk, cream, or water.
L'omelette est un plat à base d'œufs. Elle est à la fois très simple et très rapide à réaliser, que ce soit au niveau de la préparation, des ingrédients ajoutés ou de la cuisson. Les goûts en la matière sont très variables ; certains l'aiment très cuite, d'autres l'apprécient à point, d'autres enfin l'exigent déliquescente, ou « baveuse ». Dans sa version la plus simple, il s'agit d'une préparation à base d'œufs battus, salée — parfois poivrée — puis cuite à la poêle.
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Mines of Laurion
Mines du Laurion
The mines of Laurion (or Lavrion) are ancient mines located in southern Attica between Thoricus and Cape Sounion, approximately 50 kilometers south of Athens, in Greece. The mines are best known for producing silver, but they were also a source of copper and lead. A number of remnants of these mines (shafts, galleries, surface workshops) are still present in the region.
Les mines du Laurion sont d'anciennes mines de cuivre, de plomb mais surtout connues pour l'argent qu'elles ont produit. De nombreux vestiges (puits, galeries, ateliers de surface) en marquent encore le paysage de la pointe méridionale de l'Attique, entre Thorikos et le cap Sounion, à une cinquantaine de kilomètres au sud d'Athènes, en Grèce.
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