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climatebert_factcheck

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“Temperature, like viscosity and density, and of course phone numbers, is not something that can be meaningfully averaged. ‘

The density of an ideal gas is ρ = M P R T , {\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {MP}{RT}},} where M is the molar mass, P is the pressure, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

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Density

The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change.

Much adaptation takes place in relation to short-term climate variability, however this may cause maladaptation to longer-term climatic trends.

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Climate change adaptation

The data suggests solar activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer."

Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling.

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contradiction

Climate

The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem."

Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress, which was passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.

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Joe Biden

The authors seem to have jumped right into statistical analysis without proposing a physical mechanism that works.

Many physical chemists specialize in exploring and proposing the mechanisms of various chemical reactions.

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Chemistry

The sun has not warmed since 1970 and so cannot be driving global warming.

It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by the instrumental temperature record which shows global warming of around 1 °C since the pre-industrial period, although the bulk of this (0.9°C) has occurred since 1970.

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Effects of global warming

Dropped weather stations actually show a slightly warmer trend compared to kept stations.

Another benefit of a floating solar system is that the panels are kept at a lower temperature than they would be on land, leading to a higher efficiency of solar energy conversion.

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Photovoltaics

“In their award winning book, ‘Taken By Storm’ (2007), Canadian researchers Christopher Essex and Ross McKitrick explain: ‘Temperature is not an amount of something [like height or weight].

Lately, the temperature criterion has fallen out of the definition across the United States Bomb cyclone – A rapid deepening of a mid-latitude cyclonic low-pressure area, typically occurring over the ocean, but can occur over land.

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Storm

I think about all the 194 countries that signed onto the Paris accord, the U.S. is the one that's leading the world in reducing emissions.

The US emits 13% of global emissions and emissions rose 2.5% in 2018.

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Paris Agreement

Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013).

The dominant cause of the warming since the 1950s is human activities.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

Humans have been through climate changes before- but mostly cold ones and

Their ultimate extinction coincides with Heinrich event 4, a period of intense cold and dry climate causing their preferred forest landscape to give way to steppeland, and future Heinrich events are also associated with massive cultural turnovers where European human populations collapsed.

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Neanderthal

The thermal expansion of the oceans, compounded by melting glaciers, resulted in the highest global sea level on record in 2015.

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

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Sea level rise

"a paper...in Science magazine concludes that the climate sensitivity—how much the earth’s average temperature will rise as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide—likely (that is, with a 66% probability) lies in the range 1.7°C to 2.6°C, with a median value of 2.3°C.

For constant humidity they computed a climate sensitivity of 2.3 °C per doubling of CO2 (which they rounded to 2, the value most often quoted from their work, in the abstract of the paper).

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Climate sensitivity

The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere".

7–10 "There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

Underground temperatures control climate.

Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation.

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Climate

It found the scientists' rigour and honesty are not in doubt, and their behaviour did not prejudice the IPCC's conclusions, though they did fail to display the proper degree of openness.

The Muir Russell report stated that the scientists' "rigor and honesty as scientists are not in doubt," that the investigators "did not find any evidence of behavior that might undermine the conclusions of the IPCC assessments," but that there had been "a consistent pattern of failing to display the proper degree of openness."

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Global warming conspiracy theory

If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

As a result, the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet is held at lower temperatures, and the peripheral areas of Antarctica, especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are subject to higher temperatures, which promote accelerated melting.

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Antarctica

Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100.

The study also concluded that the Paris climate agreement emissions scenario, if met, would result in a median 52 cm (20 in) of sea level rise by 2100.

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Sea level rise

‘Next year or the year after, the Arctic will be free of ice’

Reports have also predicted that within a few decades the Arctic Ocean will be entirely free of ice in the summer.

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contradiction

North Pole

We simply could never release enough CO2 into the atmosphere to cause the pH to go below 7 [the point in the pH scale at which a solution becomes acidic].”

When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7 (25 °C).

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PH

That humans are causing global warming is the position of the Academies of Science from 80 countries plus many scientific organizations that study climate science.

These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.

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Global warming

"Cloud cover in models is poorly treated and inaccurately predicted.

"Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models".

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Cloud

Whether Antarctic mass loss keeps worsening depends on choices made today

Sometimes these adaptation strategies go hand in hand, but at other times choices have to be made among different strategies.

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Sea level rise

President Donald Trump sent a video message to Belgian citizens criticizing their government for being part of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.

In June 2017, Trump announced the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.

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Donald Trump

"Global warming data apparently cooked by U.S. government-funded body shows astounding temperature fraud with increases averaging 10 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit.

The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100.

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Global warming

"Global warming is mostly due to heat production by human industry since the 1800s, from nuclear power and fossil fuels, better termed hydrocarbons, – coal, oil, natural gas.

Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy for heating, cooking, and electricity generation.

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Natural gas

Neptune's orbit is 164 years so observations (1950 to present day) span less than a third of a Neptunian year.

Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 au (4.5 billion km; 2.8 billion mi).

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Neptune

"In 1999 New Scientist reported a comment by the leading Indian glaciologist Syed Hasnain, who said in an email interview with this author that all the glaciers in the central and eastern Himalayas could disappear by 2035.

This was a March 2005 World Wildlife Fund Nepal Program report, page 29: In 1999, a report by the Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology (WGHG) of the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: “glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood [sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high”.

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Criticism of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

The ice sheets increase Earth's reflectivity and thus reduce the absorption of solar radiation.

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Ice age

Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

The primary driver of this is the ocean, which absorbs anthropogenic CO2 via the so-called solubility pump.

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Climate change feedback

Contemporary Global Warming placed in geological context.

Multiple independently produced instrumental datasets confirm that the 2009–2018 decade was 0.93 ± 0.07 °C warmer than the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900).

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Global warming

They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'

Research in the 1950s suggested that temperatures were increasing, and a 1952 newspaper used the term "climate change".

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Global warming

Benny Peiser, the Oreskes critic, retracted his criticism.

Peiser later admitted that it was a mistake to include one of the papers in his survey and said that his main criticism of Oreskes' essay its "claim of a unanimous consensus on anthropogenic global warming (APG) (as opposed to a majority consensus) is tenuous" and that it still was valid.

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Benny Peiser

“‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

Part of the cooling trend seen by the satellites can be attributed to several years of cooler than normal temperatures and cooling caused by the eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano.

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John Christy

Losing tropical forests is not somehow cheaper than putting up wind farms in the US or Sahara.”

An ambitious proposal for China is the Aerially Delivered Re-forestation and Erosion Control System and the proposed Sahara Forest Project coupled with the Seawater Greenhouse.

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Deforestation

To make matters worse, the water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean are several degrees above average, which is an expected result of having less sea ice.

The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities.

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Arctic Ocean

Every part of the Earth's climate system has continued warming since 1998, with 2015 shattering temperature records.

An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus.

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Global warming

IPCC were wrong about Himalayan glaciers

Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson said, regarding the Himalayan glaciers estimation, "The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPCC report warning last week the world is “nowhere near on track” to meet its Paris commitments

Although the parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) in the Paris Agreement of 2016, the Earth's average surface temperature has already increased by about half this threshold and current pledges by countries to cut emissions are inadequate to limit future warming.

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Global warming

In the sugarcane region of El Salvador, as much as one-fifth of the population has chronic kidney disease, including over a quarter of the men, the presumed result of dehydration from working the fields they were able to comfortably harvest as recently as two decades ago.

In El Salvador and Nicaragua alone, the reported number of men dying from this painful disease has risen five-fold in the last 20 years, although some researchers believe hidden cases have always been there and this increment in official data could be partially due to the recent increase in reports and improved case search, pushed by the growing social and political interest in the disease.

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Mesoamerican nephropathy

Everybody knows that the Pacific island of Tuvalu is sinking. ...

"'Sinking' Pacific nation is getting bigger, showing islands are geologically dynamic: study | The Japan Times".

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Tuvalu

(2005), where satellite altimetry established that the mean thickness of the entire Greenland ice sheet had increased at 2 inches per year – a total of almost 2 feet – in the 11 years 1993-2003.”

In 2005, this had increased to about 220 km3 or 52.8 cu mi a year due to rapid thinning near its coasts, while in 2006 it was estimated at 239 km3 (57.3 cu mi) per year.

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Greenland ice sheet

Venus is not hot because of a runaway greenhouse.

It may have had water oceans in the past, but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect.

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Venus

This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) – Because of its role as a greenhouse gas it has been described as "the leading pollutant" and "the worst climate pollutant".

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Air pollution

Only very few peer-reviewed papers even go so far as to say that recent warming is chiefly anthropogenic.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

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Global warming

Over the three years from 1979 to 1982 when CO2 emissions were decreasing due to the rapid increase in the price of oil that drastically reduced consumption, there was no change in the rate of increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2 proving that humans were not the primary source for the increase in concentration.'

Between the period 1970 to 2004, greenhouse gas emissions (measured in CO 2-equivalent) increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year, with CO 2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels growing at a rate of 1.9% per year.

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contradiction

Greenhouse gas

Yet the cost of doing something will likely be higher than 6 per cent of GDP" (Bjorn Lomborg)

The UK service sector makes up around 79 per cent of GDP.

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United Kingdom

Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2.

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

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Sea level rise

Climate change need not endanger anyone”

The threats are serious and action is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of climate change.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

Opponents of climate action are getting twice as much airtime as proponents of climate action.

Between 1989 and 2002 the Global Climate Coalition, a group of mainly United States businesses, used aggressive lobbying and public relations tactics to oppose action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fight the Kyoto Protocol.

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Climate change denial

Evidence is growing that the comparatively cold zone within the Northern Atlantic could be due to a slowdown of this global ocean water circulation.

Another example is the possibility for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to slow or shut down (see also shutdown of thermohaline circulation).

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Global warming

Around 1990 it became obvious the local tide-gauge did not agree - there was no evidence of 'sinking.'

He also stated that "I believe it must have been in places, not a continuous rip", but that the different openings must have extended along an area of around 300 feet, to account for the flooding in several compartments.

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Sinking of the RMS Titanic

In Alaska, already, researchers have discovered remnants of the 1918 flu that infected as many as 500 million and killed as many as 100 million”

Older estimates say it killed 40–50 million people, while current estimates put the death toll at probably 50 million (less than 3% of the global population), and possibly as high as 100 million (more than 5%).

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Spanish flu

Most of the atmospheric moisture originates in the tropical ocean, and the difference between surface and upper atmospheric temperature determines how much of the moisture rises into the atmosphere.

Worldwide, tropical cyclone activity peaks in late summer, when the difference between temperatures aloft and sea surface temperatures is the greatest.

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Low-pressure area

Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

The damage for the Houston area is estimated at up to $125 billion U.S. dollars, and it is considered to be one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States, with the death toll exceeding 70 people.

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Houston

“Sea level rise is global.

With continued melt and retreat they contribute to raising global sea levels.

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Sea level rise

“Global warming alarmists’ preferred electricity source – wind power – kills nearly 1 million bats every year (to say nothing of the more than 500,000 birds killed every year) in the United States alone.

A 2013 study produced an estimate that wind turbines killed more than 600,000 bats in the U.S. the previous year, with the greatest mortality occurring in the Appalachian Mountains.

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Environmental impact of wind power

This is the South Pole ice, 90% of Earth’s ice, and it’s getting thicker.

The southern polar cap has a diameter of 350 km (220 mi) and a thickness of 3 km (1.9 mi).

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Mars

Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

Geothermal power has the potential to provide reliable, cost-competitive, baseload power with a small carbon footprint, and reduces vulnerability to climate by diversifying power supply away from hydropower, which currently provides the majority of Kenya’s electricity.

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Renewable energy in Kenya

“‘The Arctic may be remote, but changes that occur there directly affect us.

As an island Territory, we are directly and immediately impacted by global climate change.

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Climate change in the United States

“Although the extent of the summer sea ice after 2006 dropped abruptly to levels not expected until 2050, the predicted 67-per-cent decline in polar bear numbers simply didn’t happen.

The proportion of maternity dens on sea ice has changed from 62% between the years 1985 through 1994, to 37% over the years 1998 through 2004.

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Polar bear

Once natural influences, in particular the impact of El Niño and La Niña, are removed from the recent termperature record, there is no evidence of a significant change in the human contribution to climate change.

The introduction includes this statement: There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, including agriculture and deforestation.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

“Global warming alarmists’ preferred electricity source – wind power – kills nearly 1 million bats every year (to say nothing of the more than 500,000 birds killed every year) in the United States alone.

600,000 bats killed at wind energy facilities in 2012, study says, LA Times, November 8, 2013.

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Environmental impact of wind power

In a paper published online this week in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere, economics professor Ross McKitrick says the resulting discrepancies may be leading to an overstatement of the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface.

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contradiction

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

"The climate of this planet oscillates between periods of approximately 30 years of warming followed by approximately 30 years of cooling.

The transition from a warming climate into a cooling climate began at ~49 million years ago.

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Eocene

Local and regional sea levels continue to exhibit typical natural variability—in some places rising and in others falling.

The term "steric" refers to global changes in sea level due to thermal expansion and salinity variations.

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Sea level

"Three Australasian researchers have shown that natural forces are the dominant influence on climate, in a study just published in the highly-regarded Journal of Geophysical Research.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is "extremely likely" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010.

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neutral

Attribution of recent climate change

[ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

A National Research Council study released in April 2010 likewise concluded that "the level of acid in the oceans is increasing at an unprecedented rate".

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Ocean acidification

Volcanoes, solar variations, clouds, methane, aerosols - these all change the way energy enters and/or leaves our climate.

If this energy balance is shifted, Earth's surface becomes warmer or cooler, leading to a variety of changes in global climate.

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neutral

Greenhouse gas

However, studies have determined that current technology is sufficient to reduce greenhouse gas emissions the necessary amount, and that we can do so without significant impact on the economy.

A 2015 study of carbon taxes in British Columbia found that the taxes reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 5–15% while having negligible overall economic effects.

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Carbon tax

However, it is unable to explain the long term warming trend over the past few decades.

This long-term trend is the main cause for the record warmth of 2015 and 2016, surpassing all previous years—even ones with strong El Niño events."

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contradiction

Instrumental temperature record

Human CO2 is a tiny fraction of CO2 emissions.

Land use change (mainly deforestation in the tropics) account for up to one third of total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions.

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contradiction

Greenhouse gas

CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

Danish physicist Henrik Svensmark has controversially argued that because solar variation modulates the cosmic ray flux on Earth, they would consequently affect the rate of cloud formation and hence be an indirect cause of global warming.

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Cosmic ray

Concentrated in the atmosphere, these gases do not allow the warmth of the sun’s rays reflected by the earth to be dispersed in space.

There, it condenses to form clouds, and is a key component of chemical reactions in the planet's atmosphere and contributes to global warming.

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Sulfur dioxide

The trend has been measured by a network of tidal gauges, many of which have been collecting data for over a century.

Data collected by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia show the current global mean sea level trend to be 3.2 mm (0.13 in) per year, a doubling of the rate during the 20th century.

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Sea level rise

contrary to the hypothesis that rising temperature is caused by increasing CO2.

Singer argues, contrary to the scientific consensus on climate change, that there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.

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Fred Singer

Global warming is causing more hurricanes and stronger hurricanes.

As the temperature of the atmosphere increases, the capacity to hold water increases, leading to stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts.

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Hurricane Sandy

For decades, most scientists saw climate change as a distant prospect.

Decades of scientific research have shown that climate can change from both natural and anthropogenic causes.

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neutral

Scientific consensus on climate change

"a paper...in Science magazine concludes that the climate sensitivity—how much the earth’s average temperature will rise as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide—likely (that is, with a 66% probability) lies in the range 1.7°C to 2.6°C, with a median value of 2.3°C.

IPCC authors concluded ECS is very likely to be greater than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) and likely to lie in the range 2 to 4.5 °C (4 to 8.1 °F), with a most likely value of about 3 °C (5 °F).

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Climate sensitivity

A windmill could spin until it falls apart and never generate as much energy as was invested in building it.

The energy harvested from the turbine will offset the installation cost, as well as provide virtually free energy for years.

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Wind turbine

When the Emergency Leaders for Climate Action approached the Federal Government in April they were drawing on decades of data showing that fire conditions are getting worse.

The administration released the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) in November 2018, a long-awaited study conducted by numerous federal agencies that found "the evidence of human-caused climate change is overwhelming and continues to strengthen, that the impacts of climate change are intensifying across the country, and that climate-related threats to Americans' physical, social, and economic well-being are rising."

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neutral

Presidency of Donald Trump

“So now we’re able to explain from natural factors how we’ve had the 20th Century warming.

Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years.

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neutral

Scientific consensus on climate change

[…]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Climate engineering (sometimes called geoengineering or climate intervention) is the deliberate modification of the climate.

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neutral

Global warming

“At the bottom of the world, sea ice is also at all-time record low levels around Antarctica, the data center said.

"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

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Antarctica

There is no statistical evidence that global warming is intensifying[…] floods

Such events will continue to occur more often and with greater intensity.

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neutral

Effects of global warming

Plants need almost three times today’s carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere to thrive.

During active photosynthesis, plants can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they release in respiration.

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neutral

Carbon dioxide

Climate projections also assume that planet Earth is not dynamic

This model has the advantage of allowing a rational dependence of local albedo and emissivity on temperature – the poles can be allowed to be icy and the equator warm – but the lack of true dynamics means that horizontal transports have to be specified.

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Climate model

In South Florida, "we've had nine inches of sea-level rise since the 1920s."

The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4,000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.

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Miami

It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

a diatomic molecule) in a 3-D space with constant distance between them (let's say d) we can show (below) its degrees of freedom to be 5.

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neutral

Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)

People tend to think of an ice-free Arctic in summer in terms of it merely being a symbol of global change.

"A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years?".

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Global warming

Carbon pollution is a health hazard.

Health hazards Hazards affecting the health of exposed persons, usually having an acute or chronic illness as the consequence.

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neutral

Hazard

“CO2 is certainly a heat-trapping greenhouse gas, but hardly the primary one: Water vapor accounts for about 95 percent of greenhouse gases.

The world's most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, a by-product of the burning of fossil fuels.

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neutral

Scientific consensus on climate change

As of today,JAXA shows that we have more ice than any time on this date for the past 8 years of Aqua satellite measurement for this AMSRE dataset."

However, due to various reasons,[specify] both satellites had a much shorter than expected life term.

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neutral

JAXA

Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business.

If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018[update].

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neutral

Florida

But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

This increased pressure reduced blood flow back to the heart, thereby reducing blood flow to the body and resultign in signs and symptoms of shock.

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neutral

Shock (circulatory)

Just 0.7% of the world’s forests are coastal mangroves, y​​​​​​et they store up to 10 times as much carbon per hectare as tropical forests.

Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 ± 0.37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996.

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neutral

Amazon rainforest

94 percent of the carbon emissions which you so want to get rid of are caused by nature.

The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock).

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neutral

Greenhouse gas

IPCC were wrong about Amazon rainforests

Most of the basin is covered by the Amazon Rainforest, also known as Amazonia.

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neutral

Amazon basin

The Greenland ice sheet is at least 400,000 years old and warming was not global when Europeans settled in Greeland 1,000 years ago

Between 2001 and 2005: Sermeq Kujalleq broke up, losing 93 square kilometres (36 sq mi) and raised awareness worldwide of glacial response to global climate change.

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neutral

Greenland ice sheet

The Independent Climate Change Email Review found the CRU scientists were unhelpful and unsympathetic to information requesters and at times broke FoI laws.

The e-mail theft highlighted "the harassment that denialists inflict on some climate-change researchers, often in the form of endless, time-consuming demands for information under the US and UK Freedom of Information Acts.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Climatic Research Unit documents