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Michael Gossop|Francis Keaney|Duncan Stewart|E. Jane Marshall|John Strang | A Short Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (SAWS): development and psychometric properties | 2,002 | Maudsley Hospital|Maudsley Hospital|Maudsley Hospital|Maudsley Hospital|Maudsley Hospital | abstract twentyeight wistar rats treated orally 20 ethanol solution divided two groups adult group n 19 aged group n 9 consisting animals aged 4 12 months respectively beginning treatment neurons basal nucleus region counted percentage choline acetyltransferaseimmunoreactive cholinergic neurons determined adjacent sections acetylcholine release cholineacetyltransferase activity cerebral cortex assessed animals nutritional parameters ethanol treated animals monitored found normal chronic exposure ethanol result global neuronal loss loss cholinergic neurons basal nucleus region however greater expression chatimmunoreactivity basal nucleus region tendency toward increased chat activity cerebral cortex control treated aged animals compared respectively adult ones observed findings suggest adaptive changes aged rats response possible cholinergic hypofunction manifested decreased release acetylcholine stimulated conditions | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-019-09444-x |
Justine Hastings|Olivia S. Mitchell | How financial literacy and impatience shape retirement wealth and investment behaviors | 2,018 | null | abstract two competing explanations consumers trouble financial decisions gaining momentum one people financially illiterate since lack understanding simple economic concepts cannot carry computations computing compound interest could cause make suboptimal financial decisions second impatience presentbias might explain suboptimal financial decisions people persistently choose immediate gratification instead taking advantage larger longterm payoffs use experimental evidence chile explore factors appear related poor financial decisions results show measure impatience strong predictor wealth investment health financial literacy also correlated wealth though appears weaker predictor sensitivity framing investment decisions policymakers interested enhancing retirement wellbeing would well consider importance factors | https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12619 |
Ricardo Otheguy|Ofelia Garc??a|Wallis Reid | A translanguaging view of the linguistic system of bilinguals | 2,018 | The Graduate Center, CUNY|City University of New York|The Graduate Center, CUNY|City University of New York|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | abstract two conceptions linguistic system bilinguals contention translanguaging approach supports call unitary view arguing bilingualism multilingualism despite importance sociocultural concepts correspondence dual multiple linguistic system view myriad lexical structural features mastered bilinguals occupy cognitive terrain fenced anything like two areas suggested two socially named languages strong critique view jeff macswan adopts familiar position allowing overlap competence bilinguals involves language specific internal differentiation according view called dual correspondence theory bilinguals possess two separate linguistic systems whose boundaries coincide two named languages several interdisciplinary considerations point lack initial plausibility dual correspondence theory main argument offered macswan defense theory namely restrictions code switching lacks descriptive adequacy theoretical coherence dual correspondence theory pernicious effects educational practices much healthier educational climate created teachers adopt unitary view sponsored translanguaging | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020769 |
Timothy J. Hatton|Jeffrey G. Williamson | Demographic and Economic Pressure on Emigration out of Africa* | 2,003 | University of Essex|Harvard University Press | abstract two main forces driving european emigration late nineteenth century real wage gaps sending receiving regions demographic booms lowwage sending regions new estimates net migration countries subsaharan africa show exactly forces driving african acrossborder migration work today results suggest rapid growth cohort potential young emigrants population pressure resource base slow economic growth likely intensify pressure migration africa highwage oecd countries next two decades | https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305000911000407 |
John H. Bishop | The Effect of Curriculum-Based External Exit Exam Systems on Student Achievement | 1,998 | null | abstract two presidents national governors association numerous blueribbon panels called development state national content standards core subjects examinations assess student achievement standards competitiveness policy council 1993 30 example advocated external assessments given individual students secondary level results major exclusive factor qualifying college better jobs better wages claimed curriculumbased external exit exam systems cbeeess based explicit content standards improve teaching learning core subjects evidence claim outside united states systems rule exception impacts systems school policies teaching student learning | https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00301 |
Livia Veselka|Julie Aitken Schermer|K. V. Petrides|Philip A. Vernon | Evidence for a Heritable General Factor of Personality in Two Studies | 2,009 | Western University | abstract two studies conducted see whether general factor personality gfp could extracted different measures personality using samples twins studies also allowed assessment extent genetic environmental factors contributed individual differences gfps found study 1 principal components analysis big five personality traits combination four scales mental toughness yielded strong gfp behavior genetic modelfitting showed individual differences gfp fully accounted genetic nonshared environmental factors study 2 gfp extracted big five traits combination 15 facets emotional intelligence individual differences gfp also fully accounted genetic nonshared environmental factors studies add growing body research demonstrating existence gfp replicate one previous report heritability | https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.10.3.22.19544 |
Pekka Mertala | Young children’s perceptions of ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things | 2,019 | null | abstract ubiquitous computing ubicomp internet things iot turning everyday household technology everincreasing pace example form connected toys however ubicomp iot changing shaping childrens digital technological landscape much known children perceive omnipresent concealed forms digital technology qualitatively oriented paper explores 3 6yearold finnish childrens perceptions ubicomp iot via interviews design task initially children skeptical toward idea tangible objects toys could computer andor internet enabled however perceptions subject change children introduced scientific conception computers internet asked apply knowledge technological design task implications early years digital literacy education discussed paper | https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3758 |
Desalegn Anmut Bitew|Yonas Akalu|Yitayeh Belsti|Mengistie Diress|Yibeltal Yismaw Gela|Daniel Gashaneh Belay|Amare Belete Getahun|Bewuketu Terefe|Mihret Getnet | Predictors of underage pregnancy among women aged 15–19 in highly prevalent regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on EDHS, 2016 | 2,023 | University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar | abstract age teenage pregnancy pregnancy occurs age 20 years old magnitude increasing globally much higher lowincome countries compared highincome countries teenage pregnancy exposed teenagers various obstetric perinatal complications however predictors well investigated highly prevalent regions ethiopia therefore study assessed individual communitylevel predictors teenage pregnancy using multilevel logistic regression model indepth secondary data analysis performed using fourth ethiopian demographic health survey edhs 2016 data set weighted sample 2397 teenagers included final analysis multi co linearity chisquare tests checked variables fulfill assumptions excluded analysis four models fitted variables p value 02 bivariable multilevel logistic regression included multivariable multilevel logistic regression adjusted odds ratio aor 95 confidence interval 95 ci computed variables p value less 005 multivariable multilevel logistic regression declared statistically significant predictors total 2397 weighted participants aged 15 19 involved 15 teenagers pregnant age 17 aor 941 95 ci 462 1913 18 aor 117 95 ci 596 2316 19 aor 2475 95 ci 1182 5182 primary education aor 209 95 ci 116 376 illiterate aor 180 95 ci 119 273 religion muslims aor 29895 ci 180 494 protestants aor 202 95 ci 120 341 contraceptive non use aor 018 95 ci 011 031 high proportion family planning demand aor 352 95 ci 191 649 high proportion marriage aor 430 95 ci 225 821 predictors teenage pregnancy age educational status religion contraceptive nonuse literacy proportion marriage proportion demand family planning significant predictors teenage pregnancy ministry education shall focus universal access education improve female education government work collaboration religious fathers address reproductive sexual issues decrease early marriage sexual initiation especial attention given teenagers living community high proportion marriage | https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780290714 |
Bruce L. Gardner | Causes of rural economic development | 2,005 | University of Maryland, College Park | abstract underlying factors growth agriculture sector rural incomes developing countries investigated using data 85 countries 19602001 hypotheses growth derived general growth literature empirical literature past agricultural growth united states industrial countries growth agriculture sector surprisingly independent growth income per capita work sector neither necessary sufficient agricultural economics many circumstances key discipline understanding economics rural income poverty | https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12569 |
Catherine McBride?Chang|Twila Tardif|Jeung?Ryeul Cho|Hua Shu|Paul Fletcher|Stephanie F. Stokes|Amy Wong|K. K. Leung | What's in a word? Morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in three languages | 2,008 | University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Kyungnam University|Beijing Normal University|University College Cork|Newcastle University|University of Hong Kong | abstract understanding words created potentially key component able learn understand new vocabulary words however research morphological awareness relatively rare study 660 preschoolaged children three language groups cantonese mandarin korean speakers compounding morphology highly prevalent tested abilities manipulate familiar morphemes create novel compound words well variety early language reasoning measures twice span 9 months 1 year time 1 vocabulary knowledge phonological processing reasoning skills controlled morphological awareness predicted unique variance time 2 vocabulary knowledge across languages across languages vocabulary knowledge also predicted unique variance subsequent morphological awareness time 1 morphological awareness controlled findings underscore bidirectional bootstrapping morphological awareness vocabulary acquisition languages lexical compounding prominent suggest morphological awareness may practically important predicting fostering childrens early vocabulary learning | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10018-4 |
Juan Carlos Garzón|Márcio Luiz Magrini|Eduardo Galembeck | Using augmented reality to teach and learn biochemistry | 2,017 | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)|Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)|Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) | abstract understanding metabolism metabolic pathways constitutes one central aims students biological sciences learning metabolic pathways focused understanding general concepts core principles new technologies augmented reality ar shown potential improve assimilation biochemistry abstract concepts students manipulate 3d molecules real time describe application named augmented reality metabolic pathways armet allowed students visualize 3d molecular structure substrates products thus perceiving changes molecule structural modification molecules shows students flow exchange compounds energy metabolism 2017 international union biochemistry molecular biology 455417420 2017 | https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13444 |
Raj Chetty|John N. Friedman|Søren Leth?Petersen|Torben Heien Nielsen|Tore Vincents Olsen | Active vs. Passive Decisions and Crowd-Out in Retirement Savings Accounts: Evidence from Denmark * | 2,014 | Harvard University Press|University of Copenhagen|Harvard University|Harvard University Press|University of Copenhagen|Harvard University|Harvard University Press|University of Copenhagen|Harvard University | abstract using 41 million observations savings population denmark show effects retirement savings policies wealth accumulation depend whether change savings rates active passive choice subsidies retirement accounts rely individuals take action raise savings primarily induce individuals shift assets taxable accounts retirement accounts estimate 1 government expenditure subsidies increases total saving 1 cent contrast policies raise retirement contributions individuals take actionsuch automatic employer contributions retirement accountsincrease wealth accumulation substantially estimate approximately 15 individuals active savers respond tax subsidies primarily shifting assets across accounts 85 individuals passive savers unresponsive subsidies instead heavily influenced automatic contributions made behalf active savers tend wealthier financially sophisticated conclude automatic contributions effective increasing savings rates subsidies three reasons subsidies induce relatively individuals respond ii generate substantial crowdout conditional response iii increase savings passive individuals least prepared retirement | https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2468 |
Magnus Lindwall|Vassilis Barkoukis|Caterina Grano|Fabio Lucidi|Lennart Raudsepp|Jarmo Liukkonen|Cecilie Thøgersen?Ntoumani | Method Effects: The Problem With Negatively Versus Positively Keyed Items | 2,012 | University of Gothenburg|Aristotle University of Thessaloniki|Sapienza University of Rome|Sapienza University of Rome|University of Tartu|University of Jyväskylä|University of Birmingham | abstract using confirmatory factor analyses examined method effects rosenbergs selfesteem scale rses rosenberg 1965 sample older european adults nine hundred forty nine communitydwelling adults 60 years age older 5 european countries completed rses well measures depression life satisfaction 2 models acceptable fit data included method effects method effects associated positively negatively worded items method effects models invariant across gender age across countries depression life satisfaction predicted method effects individuals higher depression scores lower life satisfaction scores likely endorse negatively phrased items notes significant differences across countries terms age f4 933 652 p 001 participants united kingdom oldest 7561 sd 771 participants italy youngest 7248 sd 771 also differences terms gender distribution across countries 24 n 949 6477 p 001 larger proportion women british finnish samples 75 compared swedish 65 italian 60 greek 42 samples moreover also differences terms highest level education 28 n 932 28799 p 001 largest proportion uk sample reported tertiary education highest level education swedish finnish samples however largest proportion reported secondary education italian greek samples participants reported primary education highest level finally significant differences selfesteem scores across countries f4 933 652 p 001 british sample reported significantly ps 05 higher selfesteem scores 255 sd 22 italian 248 sd 26 swedish 246 sd 26 finnish 230 sd 25 greek 225 sd 28 samples greek finnish samples reported significantly ps 001 lower scores countries found model 5 empirically underidentified hence similar procedure previous studies eg tomas oliver citation1999 constrained correlated uniqueness errors items 3 8 0 correlation nonsignificant complete results invariance analyses available first author request swedish sample included 47 participants choose use sample invariance analyses across countries thus invariance analyses across countries included four samples finland italy greece united kingdom | https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12651 |
Jane Fortson | The gradient in sub-saharan Africa: Socioeconomic status and HIV/AIDS | 2,008 | null | abstract using data demographic health surveys dhs burkina faso 2003 cameroon 2004 ghana 2003 kenya 2003 tanzania 2003 investigate cross sectional relationship hiv status socioeconomic status find evidence robust positive education gradient hiv infection showing high levels education bettereducated respondents likely hivpositive adults six years schooling much three percentage points likely infected hiv adults schooling gradient artifact age sector residence region residence controls sex age sector residence region residence adults six years schooling much 50 likely infected hiv schooling education positively related certain risk factors hiv including likelihood premarital sex estimates wealth gradient hiv contrast vary substantially across countries sensitive choice measure wealth | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00760-y |
Gautam Hazarika|Jeffrey Alwang | Access to credit, plot size and cost inefficiency among smallholder tobacco cultivators in Malawi | 2,003 | Virginia Tech | abstract using data malawi financial markets household food security survey paper examines effect access credit formal sources tobacco plot size cost inefficiency among malawian smallholder tobacco cultivators farmspecific cost inefficiency estimated within framework stochastic frontier analysis access credit measured sum household members selfreported credit limits credit organisations arguably truer measure exogenous credit constraint credit program participation actual loan uptake found tobacco cultivation significantly less cost inefficient per acre larger plots access credit statistically discernible effect cost inefficiency reduces gain cost efficiency larger plot size | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000232 |
Mel Ainscow|Alan Dyson|Sue Goldrick|Mel West | Making schools effective for all: rethinking the task | 2,012 | University of Manchester|University of Manchester|University of Manchester|University of Manchester | abstract using evidence series studies carried 20 years article explores ways developing schools effective children young people argument developed intended challenge leading school improvement return historical purpose ensuring sound education every child authors argue order achieve necessary complement withinschool developments efforts link schools one another wider communities means school improvement processes nested within locally led efforts make school systems equitable link work schools area strategies tackling wider inequities ultimately national policies aimed creating fairer society article considers implications analysis work senior staff levels education system keywords equityfairnessinclusionschool improvement | https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12671 |
Jeanette Carlsson Hauff|Anders Carlander|Tommy Gärling|Gianni Nicolini | Retirement Financial Behaviour: How Important Is Being Financially Literate? | 2,020 | University of Gothenburg|University of Gothenburg|University of Gothenburg|University of Rome Tor Vergata | abstract using item response theory analyse survey data representative sample 551 swedish citizens new 16question measure factbased financial literacy developed validated unidimensionality measure verified expected correlations observed existing measure factbased financial literacy measure subjective financial literacy confidence age gender income significant impact factbased subjective financial literacy found three timeordered stages individuals retirement behaviour planning saving investment management concluded policies increasing final literacy important different phases life cycle | https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12322 |
Brice Corgnet|Mark DeSantis|David Porter | What Makes a Good Trader? On the Role of Intuition and Reflection on Trader Performance | 2,018 | Chapman University | abstract using laboratory experiments provide evidence three factors influencing trader performance fluid intelligence cognitive reflection theory mind tom fluid intelligence provides traders computational skills necessary draw statistical inference cognitive reflection helps traders avoid behavioral biases thereby extract signals market orders update prior beliefs accordingly tom describes degree traders correctly assess informational content orders show cognitive reflection tom complementary traders benefit understanding signals quality capable processing signals | https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12040 |
Vangelis Tzouvelekas|Christos J. Pantzios|Christos Fotopoulos | Economic Efficiency in Organic Farming: Evidence from Cotton Farms in Viotia, Greece | 2,001 | University of Crete|University of Patras|University of Ioannina | abstract using recent advances stochastic production frontier framework paper presents empirical analysis technical allocative economic efficiency sample organic conventional cotton farms located greece results suggest farm types sample examined technically allocatively economically inefficient farmers age education farm size important factors explaining differentials efficiency estimates comparative terms organic farms exhibit lower efficiency scores visvis conventional counterparts terms technical economic efficiency regarding allocative efficiency farm types almost equally inefficient low efficiency scores types farming may attributed respective intervention policies last 20 years | https://doi.org/10.1080/00220381003599436 |
Marc H. Bornstein|Charlene Hendricks | Basic language comprehension and production in >100,000 young children from sixteen developing nations | 2,011 | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development | abstract using multiple indicator cluster survey language comprehension production compared sample 101250 children aged 2 00 9 11 focus subsample 38845 children aged 2 00 4 11 sixteen underresearched developing nations whole sample comprehension slightly exceeded production correlations comprehension production country positive significant varied size average correlation positive significant small medium mean comprehension production varied child age reaching asymptote 5 00 correlations comprehension production age positive significant similar age focus subsample comprehension exceeded production correlations comprehension production country positive significant varied size average correlation positive significant medium size children countries lower standards living less likely demonstrate basic language comprehension production | https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.44.2.536 |
Geng Li | Information Sharing and Stock Market Participation: Evidence from Extended Families | 2,014 | Federal Reserve Board of Governors | abstract using panel study income dynamics document controlling observable characteristics household investors likelihood entering stock market within ensuing five years 20 30 higher parents children entered stock market previous five years eliminating competing hypotheses preference similarity herding argue findings highlight significance information sharing regarding household financial decisions | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00213.x |
Aref A. Alashban|Linda A. Hayes|George M. Zinkhan|Anne L. Balazs | International Brand-Name Standardization/Adaptation: Antecedents and Consequences | 2,002 | King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals|University of Houston - Victoria|University of Georgia|Coca Cola (United States)|Mississippi University for Women | abstract using structureconductperformance paradigm along porters international factor conditions authors propose empirically test conceptual framework explain antecedents consequences firms brandname standardizationadaptation strategy survey research structural equation modeling results show firms adapt vary brand names market structure factors measured competitive buyer distribution intensity increase furthermore authors find standardized brand name worldwide higher firms cost savings higher products sales volume perceived marketing executives | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c |
Karen E. Knudsen|Cheryl L. Willman|Robert A. Winn | Optimizing the Use of Telemedicine in Oncology Care: Postpandemic Opportunities | 2,021 | Thomas Jefferson University|Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University Hospital|New Mexico Cancer Center|University of New Mexico|Virginia Commonwealth University | abstract utilization telehealth part cancer care delivery continuum dramatically escalated response covid19 pandemic major cancer centers across globe rapid shift toward telehealth visits nontreatment cancer care provided immediate benefit reducing unnecessary risk exposure overcoming transportation barriers faced patients caregivers fasttracking care transformation delineating impact telehealth access health equity quality outcomes essential refining use digital strategies telehealth toward optimizing cancer care herein experiences date telehealth usage oncology care reviewed priorities outlined postpandemic opportunities improve lives patients cancer telemedicine | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324908004725 |
Christopher D. Lorish|Richard Maisiak | The face scale: A brief, nonverbal method for assessing patient mood | 1,986 | Office of Education|University of Alabama at Birmingham|Office of Education|University of Alabama at Birmingham | abstract validity reliability studies conducted face scale brief pictorial scale mood uses sequence 20 faces require reading literacy correlational experimental evidence face scales construct validity presented well testretest reliability recommendations made use screening tool additional validity studies | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000114 |
Wai S. Tse|Lai Y. A. Choi|Wing S. Tang | Effects of video?based flipped class instruction on subject reading motivation | 2,017 | Tung Wah College | abstract videobased flipped class instruction strengthen learning motivation students effectiveness flipped class instruction teaching effectiveness subject satisfaction evaluated previously present study aims examine impact two aspects subject reading motivation total 100 secondary school students recruited 4 classes 25 students ie videobased flipped mathematics class traditional mathematics class videobased flipped liberal studies ls class traditional ls class two local secondary schools teachers taught traditional videobased flipped classes subject students filled questionnaires measured motivation general reading motivation subject reading academic subject satisfaction perceived teaching effectiveness teachers analysis covariance controlling motivation general reading revealed students flipped classes reported significantly lower motivation subject reading including reading curiosity reading importance reading compliance 198 1052 p lt 0001 198 768 p lt 0001 198 2039 p lt 0001 respectively however students flipped classes reported significantly higher satisfaction teaching effectiveness traditional classes 198 1561 p lt 0001 198 1198 p lt0001 respectively partial correlation controlling motivation general reading indicated motivation subject reading negatively associated academic subject satisfaction perceived teaching effectiveness teachers rs ranged 051 062 p lt 0001 videobased flipped class instruction related increased academic subject satisfaction teaching effectiveness also associated lower motivation subject reading findings suggest videobased flipped class instruction limited capability strengthen learning motivation students | https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp097 |
Imme Lammertink|Paul Boersma|Judith Rispens|Frank Wijnen | Visual statistical learning in children with and without DLD and its relation to literacy in children with DLD | 2,020 | University of Amsterdam|University of Amsterdam|University of Amsterdam|Utrecht University | abstract visual statistical learning vsl proposed underlie literacy development typically developing td children deficit vsl may thus contribute observed problems written language children dyslexia interestingly although many children developmental language disorder dld exhibit problems written language similar seen children dyslexia studies investigated presence vsl deficit dld know little relation vsl literacy group children testing 36 primaryschoolaged children ages 78104 dld td peers selfpaced vsl task two reading tasks spelling task find evidence vsl deficit dld associations vsl literacy dld discuss implications understanding language literacy difficulties children dld | https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12143 |
Rita Borgo|Luana Micallef|Benjamin Bach|Fintan McGee|B. Lee | Information Visualization Evaluation Using Crowdsourcing | 2,018 | King's College Hospital|Aalto University|University of Edinburgh|Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology|Microsoft (United States) | abstract visualization researchers increasingly leveraging crowdsourcing approaches overcome number limitations controlled laboratory experiments including small participant sample sizes narrow demographic backgrounds study participants however community little understanding researchers use crowdsourcing approaches visualization research paper review use crowdsourcing evaluation visualization research analyzed 190 crowdsourcing experiments reported 82 papers published major visualization conferences journals 2006 2017 tagged experiment along 36 dimensions identified crowdsourcing experiments grouped dimensions six important aspects study design amp procedure task type participants measures amp metrics quality assurance reproducibility report main findings review discuss challenges opportunities improvements conducting crowdsourcing studies visualization research | https://doi.org/10.1017/flw.2023.14 |
Donnette Narine|Takashi Yamashita|Wonmai Punksungka|Abigail Helsinger|Jenna W. Kramer|Rita Karam|Phyllis Cummins | THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND LITERACY SKILLS ON MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER VOLUNTEERS BY RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE US | 2,022 | University of Baltimore|University of Maryland, Baltimore|University of Maryland, Baltimore County|University of Maryland, Baltimore County|Miami University|RAND Corporation|RAND Corporation|Miami University | abstract volunteer participation form civic engagement benefits individual society life course although education basic skills eg literacy raceethnicity individually associated volunteering detailed interrelations yet explored guided integrated theory volunteer work notion productive aging goal study examine roles education adult literacy context volunteering later life across racial ethnic groups whites blacks hispanics us using nationally representative sample middleaged older adults age 45 n 3770 201220142017 program international assessment adult competencies piaac structural equation modeling constructed evaluate mediation relationships among education literacy volunteering racial ethnic groups results show statistically significant mediation aka indirect effect education volunteering literacy statistically significant difference mediation effect across racial ethnic groups however statistically significant differences direct effect education volunteering black adults white adults bblack 044 versus bwhite 024 p amplt 005 well black adults hispanic adults bblack 044 versus bhispanic 008 p amplt 005 findings indicate higher education strongly associated volunteering among older black adults compared white hispanic counterparts suggested policy implications include support promotion volunteer participation culturally socioeconomically sensitive approaches | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000485 |
James Foreman?Peck|Peng Zhou | Late marriage as a contributor to the industrial revolution in England | 2,018 | Cardiff University|Cardiff University | abstract european marriage pattern important contributor englands precocious economic development article examines question embedding possibility historically substantiated demographiceconomic model supported crosssection long time series evidence persistent high mortality powerful mortality shocks fourteenth fifteenth centuries lowered life expectations subsequently increased life expectancy reduced number births necessary achieve given family size fewer births achieved higher age first marriage females later marriage constrained population growth also provided greater opportunities female informal learning especially service period family principal institution socializing future workers learning significant contributor intergenerational transmission accumulation human capital article shows centuries gradual induced rise human capital raised productivity eventually brought industrial revolution without contribution late marriage human capital accumulation broadly interpreted real wages england would increased strongly early nineteenth century would much lower actually achieved several centuries | https://doi.org/10.1017/s147474721100045x |
Derek Headey|Giordano Palloni | Water, Sanitation, and Child Health: Evidence From Subnational Panel Data in 59 Countries | 2,019 | International Food Policy Research Institute|International Food Policy Research Institute | abstract water sanitation hygiene wash investments widely seen essential improving health early childhood however experimental literature wash interventions identifies inconsistent impacts child health outcomes relatively robust impacts diarrhea symptoms infection weak varying impacts child nutrition contrast observational research exploiting crosssectional variation water sanitation access much sanguine finding strong associations diarrhea prevalence mortality stunting practice literatures suffer significant methodological limitations experimental wash evaluations often subject poor compliance rural bias short duration exposure crosssectional observational evidence may highly vulnerable omitted variables bias overcome limitations literatures construct panel 442 subnational regions 59 countries multiple demographic health surveys using large subnational panel implement differenceindifference regressions allow us examine whether longerterm changes water sanitation subnational level predict improvements child morbidity mortality nutrition find results partially consistent literatures improved water access statistically insignificantly associated outcomes although water piped home predicts reductions child stunting improvements sanitation predict large reductions diarrhea prevalence child mortality associated changes stunting wasting estimate sanitation improvements account 10 decline child mortality 1990 2015 | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000503 |
Annamaria Lusardi|Peter Tufano | Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness | 2,015 | George Washington University|Science Oxford|University of Oxford | abstract analyze national sample americans respect debt literacy financial experiences judgments extent indebtedness debt literacy component broader financial understanding measures knowledge debt selfassessed financial knowledge financial experiences participants reported experiences traditional borrowing alternative borrowing investing overindebtedness selfreported measure debt literacy low onethird population grasping basics interest compounding even controlling demographics find relationship debt literacy financial experiences debt loads individuals lower levels debt literacy tend transact highcost manners incurring higher fees using highcost borrowing provide rough estimate national implications debt ignorance credit card costs consumers less knowledgeable individuals also report debt loads excessive unable judge debt position | https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.394 |
Annamaria Lusardi|Olivia S. Mitchell|Noemi Oggero | Debt and Financial Vulnerability on the Verge of Retirement | 2,019 | University of Turin|University of Pennsylvania|Collegio Carlo Alberto|George Washington University|National Bureau of Economic Research|University of Pennsylvania|Collegio Carlo Alberto|University of Turin|George Washington University|National Bureau of Economic Research|University of Pennsylvania|Collegio Carlo Alberto|University of Turin|George Washington University|National Bureau of Economic Research | abstract analyze older individuals debt financial vulnerability using data health retirement study hrs national financial capability study nfcs hrs compare three groups people age 5661 1992 2004 2010 assess crosscohort changes debt time two waves nfcs 2012 2015 provide additional insights debt management older individuals capacity shield shocks conclude recent cohorts hold debt face financial insecurity past render particularly vulnerable forecasted interest rate increases | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00752-7 |
Rob Ranyard|Simon McNair|Gianni Nicolini|Darren Duxbury | An item response theory approach to constructing and evaluating brief and in?depth financial literacy scales | 2,020 | The Behavioural Insights Team|University of Rome Tor Vergata|Newcastle University | abstract applied item response theory irt construct evaluate new brief indepth financial literacy scales survey uk adult sample n 589 included 50 questions assess knowledge managing financial resources competence using personal financerelated informationincluding five widely used items interest rates inflation investment diversification mortgages bonds irt applied scale items identified limitations overcome via iterations construct new brief scale sound psychometric properties irt applied iteratively pool resulting indepth 20item scale also psychometrically sound covering four broad financial domains everyday money transactions concept money borrowing saving investment parallel 10item subscales also evaluated validity new scales demonstrated regression analyses found controlling demographic variables financial literacy predicted key indicators financial wellbeing | https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-48.6.454 |
Rianne Dekker|Godfríed Engbersen | How social media transform migrant networks and facilitate migration | 2,013 | Erasmus University Rotterdam|Erasmus University Rotterdam | abstract argue social media new communication channels migration networks also actively transform nature networks thereby facilitate migration despite limitations stem digital divide lower trustworthiness virtual ties qualitative data reveal four relevant ways social media facilitate international migration first enhance possibilities maintaining strong ties family friends second address weak ties relevant organizing process migration integration third establish new infrastructure consisting latent ties fourth offer rich source insider knowledge migration discrete unofficial makes potential migrants streetwise undertaking migration based empirical findings conclude social media transforming migration networks thereby lowering threshold migration | https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.t01-2-00005 |
Mingchun Ren|Dominique van de Walle | Rural Roads and Local Market Development in Vietnam | 2,011 | World Bank | abstract assess impacts rural road rehabilitation market development commune level rural vietnam examine geographic community household covariates impact double difference matching methods used address sources selection bias identifying impacts results point significant average impacts development local markets also evidence considerable impact heterogeneity tendency poorer communes higher impacts due lower levels initial market development yet poor areas also saddled attributes reduce impacts | https://doi.org/10.1080/10888431003706291 |
Tom Bundervoet|Philip Verwimp|Richard Akresh | Health and Civil War in Rural Burundi | 2,009 | Fund for Scientific Research|Université Libre de Bruxelles|University of Antwerp|University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | abstract combine household survey data event data timing location armed conflicts examine impact burundis civil war childrens health status identification strategy exploits exogenous variation wars timing across provinces exposure childrens birth cohorts fighting controlling province residence birth cohort individual household characteristics provincespecific time trends find additional month war exposure decreases childrens height age zscores 0047 standard deviations compared nonexposed children effect robust specifications exploiting alternative sources exogenous variation | https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx030 |
Ofra Korat|Adina Shamir | Electronic books versus adult readers: effects on children's emergent literacy as a function of social class | 2,007 | Bar-Ilan University|Bar-Ilan University | abstract compared effects childrens reading educational electronic storybook emergent literacy read story printed version adult investigated 128 5 6yearold kindergarteners 64 children two socioeconomic status ses groups low lses middle mses group children randomly assigned one three subgroups two intervention groups included three book reading sessions children one group individually read electronic book second group children read printed book adult children third group served control received regular kindergarten programme pre postintervention emergent literacy measures included vocabulary word recognition phonological awareness compared control group childrens vocabulary scores intervention groups improved following reading activity children interventions groups ses groups showed similarly good level story comprehension ses groups compared control group childrens phonological awareness word recognition improve following reading interventions implications future research education discussed | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000384 |
Željko Ivezi?|S. M. Kahn|J. A. Tyson|Bob Abel|Emily Elizabeth Acosta|R. A. Allsman|David Alonso|Yusra AlSayyad|Scott F. Anderson|John Andrew|J. R. P. Angel|George Z. Angeli|R. Ansari|P. Antilogus|Constanza Araujo|Robert Armstrong|K. Arndt|P. Astier|É. Aubourg|Nicole Auza|T. S. Axelrod|Deborah Bard|J. Barr|A. Barrau|J. G. Bartlett|A. Bauer|Brian Bauman|S. Baumont|Ellen Bechtol|K. Bechtol|A. C. Becker|Jacek Becla|Cristina Beldica|Steve Bellavia|Federica Bianco|Rahul Biswas|G. Blanc|Jonathan Blazek|R. D. Blandford|J. S. Bloom|J. R. Bogart|Tim Bond|Michael T. Booth|A. W. Borgland|K. D. Borne|James Bosch|D. Boutigny|Craig A. Brackett|Andrew Bradshaw|W. N. Brandt|Michael E. Brown|James S. Bullock|P. R. Burchat|D. L. Burke|G. Cagnoli|D.R. Calabrese|Shawn Callahan|Alice Callen|Jeffrey L. Carlin|Erin L. Carlson|Srinivasan Chandrasekharan|Glenaver Charles-Emerson|S. R. Chesley|E. Cheu|Hsin?Fang Chiang|J. Chiang|Carol Chirino|Derek Chow|David R. Ciardi|Charles F. Claver|J. Cohen-Tanugi|Joseph J. Cockrum|Rebecca Coles|Andrew J. Connolly|K. H. Cook|Asantha Cooray|Kevin R. Covey|Chris Cribbs|Wei Cui|R. M. Cutri|Philip N. Daly|Scott F. Daniel|Felipe Daruich|Guillaume Daubard|Greg Daues|William A. Dawson|Francisco Delgado|A. Dellapenna|Robert de Peyster|M. de Val-Borro|S. W. Digel|Peter Doherty|R. Dubois|G. P. Dubois-Felsmann|Josef ?urech|Frossie Economou|T. F. Eifler|Michael Eracleous|Benjamin L. Emmons|A. Fausti Neto | LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products | 2,019 | University of Washington|Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology|Stanford University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of California, Davis|Olympic College|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Oxford|Princeton University|University of Washington|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Arizona|GANIL|Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Princeton University|University of Oxford|Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies|Astroparticle and Cosmology Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Arizona|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Laboratory of Subatomic Physics and Cosmology|Astroparticle and Cosmology Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Washington|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|Brookhaven National Laboratory|New York University|City University of New York|Stockholm University|GANIL|Délégation Paris 7|Université Paris Cité|The Ohio State University|École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology|Stanford University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology|Stanford University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|George Mason University|Princeton University|Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|University of California, Davis|Pennsylvania State University|California Institute of Technology|University of California, Irvine|Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology|Stanford University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology|Stanford University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Arizona|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Jet Propulsion Laboratory|University of Arizona|University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology|Stanford University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Infrared Processing and Analysis Center|California Institute of Technology|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|The Ohio State University|University of Washington|University of California, Irvine|Western Washington University|University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|Purdue University West Lafayette|Infrared Processing and Analysis Center|California Institute of Technology|University of Arizona|University of Washington|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies|University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Brookhaven National Laboratory|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Princeton University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Harvard University|SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory|Infrared Processing and Analysis Center|California Institute of Technology|Czech Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute|Charles University|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|University of Arizona|Pennsylvania State University|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation|Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation | abstract describe ambitious survey currently planned optical large synoptic survey telescope lsst lsst design driven four main science themes probing dark energy dark matter taking inventory solar system exploring transient optical sky mapping milky way lsst large widefield groundbased system designed obtain repeated images covering sky visible cerro pachn northern chile telescope 84 65 effective primary mirror 96 deg 2 field view 32gigapixel camera six filters ugrizy covering wavelength range 3201050 nm project construction phase begin regular survey operations 2022 90 observing time devoted deepwidefast survey mode uniformly observe 18000 deg 2 region 800 times summed six bands anticipated 10 yr operations yield coadded map r 275 data result databases including 32 trillion observations 20 billion galaxies similar number stars serve majority primary science programs remaining 10 observing time allocated special projects deep fast time domain surveys whose details currently discussion illustrate lsst science drivers led choices system parameters describe expected data products characteristics | https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20256 |
Sandra Williams|Ehud Reiter | Generating basic skills reports for low-skilled readers | 2,008 | The Open University|University of Aberdeen | abstract describe skillsum natural language generation nlg system generates personalised feedback report someone completed screening assessment basic literacy numeracy skills many skillsum users limited literacy generated reports must easily comprehended people limited reading skills novel aspect skillsum focus paper used two approaches maximise readability first determining content structure document planning explicitly model readability rather followed pragmatic approach repeatedly revising content structure following pilot experiments interviews domain experts second choosing linguistic expressions microplanning attempted formulate explicitly choices enhanced readability using constraints approach preference rules constraints based corpus analysis preference rules based psycholinguistic findings evaluation skillsum system twofold compared usefulness nlg technology canned text output assessed effectiveness readability model results showed nlg effective canned text enhancing users knowledge skills also suggested empirical revise based experiments interviews approach made substantial contribution readability well explicit psycholinguistically inspired models readability choices | https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.1239 |
John Beshears|James J. Choi|David C. Ling|Brigitte Madrian | Behavioral economics perspectives on public sector pension plans | 2,011 | Stanford University | abstract describe pension plan features states largest cities counties us unlike private sector defined benefit db pensions still norm public sector however jurisdictions shifted toward defined contribution dc plans primary savings plan fiscal pressures likely generate movement direction holding fixed public employees work salary history show db retirement income replacement ratios vary greatly across jurisdictions creates large variation workers need save retirement accounts also substantial heterogeneity across jurisdictions savings generated primary dc plans differences level mandatory employer employee contributions one notable difference public private sector dc plans public sector primary dc plans characterized required employee employer contributions whereas private sector plans largely feature voluntary employee contributions supplemented employer match conclude applying lessons savings behavior private sector savings plans design public sector plans | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001819 |
James J. Choi|David Laibson|Brigitte Madrian | Why Does the Law of One Price Fail? An Experiment on Index Mutual Funds | 2,009 | National Bureau of Economic Research|Yale University|National Bureau of Economic Research|Harvard University|National Bureau of Economic Research|Harvard University | abstract evaluate individuals invest highfee index funds experiments subjects allocate 10000 across four sampp 500 index funds rewarded portfolios subsequent return subjects overwhelmingly fail minimize fees reject hypothesis subjects buy highfee index funds bundled nonportfolio services search costs fees matter even eliminate costs fees minimized instead subjects place high weight annualized returns since inception fees paid decrease financial literacy interestingly subjects choose highfee funds sense making mistake | https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12724 |
Lúcia Willadino Braga|Eduardo Amemiya|Alexandre Tauil|Denis Yudi Suguieda|Carolina Maranhão Marques Lacerda|Elise Klein|Ghislaine Dehaene?Lambertz|Stanislas Dehaene | Tracking Adult Literacy Acquisition With Functional MRI: A Single-Case Study | 2,017 | Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals|Center for Neurosciences|Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals|Center for Neurosciences|Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals|Center for Neurosciences|Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals|Center for Neurosciences|Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals|Center for Neurosciences|Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien|CEA Saclay|Inserm|University of Paris-Saclay|Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission|University of Paris-Sud|CEA Saclay|Inserm|University of Paris-Saclay|Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission|University of Paris-Sud|Collège de France | abstract evaluated neurofunctional changes associated late acquisition reading illiterate adult underwent 20 longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri scans 2 years participant progressed complete illiteracy modest level alphabetical decoding initially participant activate neural circuits reading exposed words gradually however began present activation left occipitotemporal cortex visual word form area increase accompanied decrease face responses readingrelated responses also emerged languagerelated areas inferior frontal gyrus temporal lobe additional activations superior parietal lobe superior frontal gyrus posterior medial frontal cortex suggested reading remained dependent effortful executive attention working memory processes nevertheless results indicate adult plasticity sufficient induce rapid changes brain responses written words faces unschooled illiterate adult | https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3062 |
Saara Vaahtoniemi|Gökhan Buturak|Panu Kalmi|Olli?Pekka Ruuskanen | Financial literacy and its determinants and consequences: New survey evidence from Finland | 2,023 | Pellervo Economic Research|University of Vaasa|University of Vaasa|Pellervo Economic Research | abstract examine financial literacy finland connection various financial outcomes using novel survey data collected 2023 overall finnish financial literacy level average among oecd countries significant heterogeneity within population women lower financial literacy men young old lower financial literacy respondents prime working age entrepreneurs higher financial literacy groups financial literacy also correlated higher educational levels study relationship financial literacy number economic outcome variables find financial literacy negatively related coping major expense facing income shock perceived overindebtedness however find statistically significant relationship financial literacy retirement planning finland | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000013 |
Tabea Bucher?Koenen|Annamaria Lusardi | Financial literacy and retirement planning in Germany | 2,011 | Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy|George Washington University | abstract examine financial literacy germany using data save survey find knowledge basic financial concepts lacking among women less educated living east germany particular low education low income east germany low financial literacy compared west german counterparts interestingly gender disparity financial knowledge east order investigate nexus causality financial literacy retirement planning develop instrumental variables strategy making use regional variation financial knowledge peers find positive impact financial knowledge retirement planning | https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12378 |
Annamaria Lusardi|Olivia S. Mitchell | Financial literacy and retirement planning in the United States | 2,011 | George Washington University|University of Pennsylvania | abstract examine financial literacy us using new national financial capability study wherein demonstrate financial literacy particularly low among young women lesseducated moreover hispanics africanamericans score least well financial literacy concepts interestingly groups rate rather wellinformed financial matters notwithstanding actual performance key literacy questions finally show people score higher financial literacy questions much likely plan retirement likely leave better positioned old age results inform seeking target financial literacy programmes need | https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-2-8 |
Leora Klapper|Georgios A. Panos | Financial literacy and retirement planning: the Russian case | 2,011 | University of Essex|University of Essex | abstract examine relationship financial literacy retirement planning russia country relatively old rapidly ageing population large regional disparities emerging financial markets find 36 respondents sample understand interest compounding half answer simple question inflation country widespread public pension provisions find financial literacy significantly positively related retirement planning involving private pension funds thus along encouraging availability private retirement plans efforts improve financial literacy pivotal expansion use funds | https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20276 |
Robert E. Hoskisson|Albert A. Cannella|László Tihanyi|Rosario Faraci | Asset restructuring and business group affiliation in French civil law countries | 2,004 | Arizona State University|Texas A&M University|University of Oklahoma|University of Catania | abstract examine relationship environmental antecedents asset restructuring nine french civil law countries latin america europe countries business group affiliation helps member firms access resources take advantage environmental opportunities neutralize threats results indicated environmental antecedents change country development increased competition deregulation led increased asset restructuring importantly however also found influence environmental factors moderated business group membership relationship change country development restructuring stronger groupaffiliated firms effects increased competition deregulation asset restructuring stronger primarily independent firms study offers additional evidence organizations may respond differently environmental opportunities threats depending institutional setting copyright 2004 john wiley amp sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12605 |
Santosh Vijaykumar|Yan Jin|Daniel Rogerson|Xuerong Lu|Swati Sharma|A.D. Maughan|Bianca Fadel|Mariella Silva de Oliveira Costa|Claudia Pagliari|Daniel Morris | How shades of truth and age affect responses to COVID-19 (Mis)information: randomized survey experiment among WhatsApp users in UK and Brazil | 2,021 | Northumbria University|University of Georgia|Northumbria University|University of Georgia|Northumbria University|Northumbria University|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|University of Edinburgh | abstract examined age exposure different types covid19 misinformation affect misinformation beliefs perceived credibility message intentiontoshare whatsapp two mixeddesign online experiments uk brazil total n 1454 first randomly exposed adult whatsapp users full misinformation partial misinformation full truth therapeutic powers garlic cure covid19 exposed participants corrective information world health organisation debunking claim found stronger misinformation beliefs among younger adults 1854 uk brazil possible backfire effects corrective information among older adults 55 uk corrective information effective enhancing perceived credibility intentiontoshare accurate information across groups countries findings call evidencebased infodemic interventions health agencies greater engagement younger adults pandemic misinformation management efforts | https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv013 |
Daniel K. Davies|Steven E. Stock|Shane E. Holloway|Michael L. Wehmeyer | Evaluating a GPS-Based Transportation Device to Support Independent Bus Travel by People With Intellectual Disability | 2,010 | AbleLink Technologies (United States) | abstract examined utility pdabased software system integrated gps technology providing locationaware visual auditory prompts enable people intellectual disability successfully navigate downtown bus route participants using system significantly successful completing bus route people control group used map verbal directions using gpsbased system 73 participants successfully rang bell exited bus right stop compared 8 control group finding observed individuals attempting follow new bus route first time get bus previously unknown location | https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz010 |
Raouf Boucekkine|David de la Croix|Omar Licandro | Early Mortality Declines at the Dawn of Modern Growth* | 2,003 | UCLouvain|UCLouvain|European University Institute | abstract explore hypothesis demographic changes began seventeenth eighteenth centuries root acceleration growth rates dawn modern age period life tables geneva venice show decline adult mortality french marriage registers reveal important increase literacy historians measure acceleration economic growth develop endogenous growth model realistic survival law rising longevity increases individual incentives invest education fosters growth quantitatively estimate observed improvements adult mortality account 70 growth acceleration preindustrial age | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01186.x |
Sarah Kuppen|Martina Huss|Tim Fosker|Natasha Fegan|Usha Goswami | Basic Auditory Processing Skills and Phonological Awareness in Low-IQ Readers and Typically Developing Controls | 2,011 | Anglia Ruskin University|University of Cambridge|Queen's University Belfast|University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge | abstract explore relationships basic auditory processing phonological awareness vocabulary word reading sample 95 children 55 typically developing children 40 children low iq children received nonspeech auditory processing tasks phonological processing literacy measures receptive vocabulary task compared agematched controls children low iq low reading skills significantly impaired auditory phonological processing whereas children low iq preserved reading skills also significant predictive relations auditory processing single word reading poor auditory processing dependent low iq auditory processing age appropriate lowiq children good readers view correction statementcorrection basic auditory processing skills phonological awareness lowiq readers typically developing controls acknowledgments research conducted first author held phd studentship university cambridge supervised usha goswami support research partially provided funding medical research council ref g0400574 thank head teacher teachers children king hedges primary school queen edith primary school st matthews primary school spinney school st laurences primary school newnham croft primary school longthorpe primary school walton junior school eyrescroft primary school clare middle school taking part study | https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20449 |
J. Vernon Henderson|Tim Squires|Adam Storeygard|David Weil | The Global Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade1 | 2,017 | London School of Economics and Political Science|Amazon (Germany)|Tufts University|National Bureau of Economic Research|Brown University | abstract explore role natural characteristics determining worldwide spatial distribution economic activity proxied lights night observed across 240000 grid cells parsimonious set 24 physical geography attributes explains 47 worldwide variation 35 withincountry variation lights divide geographic characteristics two groups primarily important agriculture primarily important trade confront puzzle examining withincountry variation lights among countries developed early agricultural variables incrementally explain 6 times much variation lights trade variables among late developing countries ratio 15 even though latter group far dependent agriculture correspondingly marginal effects agricultural variables group lights larger absolute value trade smaller early developers late developers show apparent puzzle explained persistence differential timing technological shocks two sets countries early developers structural transformation due rising agricultural productivity began transport costs still high cities localized agricultural regions transport costs fell agglomerations persisted latedeveloping countries transport costs fell structural transformation exploit urban scale economies manufacturing agglomerated relatively often coastal locations consistent explanation countries developed earlier spatially equal distribution education economic activity late developers | https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.720364 |
Robert L. Clark|Annamaria Lusardi|Olivia S. Mitchell | Financial knowledge and 401(k) investment performance: a case study | 2,015 | George Washington University|University of Pennsylvania | abstract explore whether investors financially knowledgeable earn retirement plan investments compared less sophisticated counterparts using unique new dataset linking administrative data investment performance financial knowledge results show financially knowledgeable investors held 18 points stock least knowledgeable counterparts b could anticipate earning 8 basis points per month excess returns c 40 higher portfolio volatility held portfolios 38 less idiosyncratic risk compared least savvy counterparts results qualitatively similar controlling observables well modeling sample selection also examine portfolio changes assess potential impact financial literacy intervention controlling factors elected take financial literacy survey boosted equity allocations 66 basis points monthly expected excess returns rose 23 basis points significant difference volatility nonsystematic risk detected versus survey findings relate one firm anticipate may spur efforts enhance financial knowledge workplace | https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.308 |
Patrick J. Gannon|Nancy Kheck|Allen Braun|Ralph L. Holloway | Planum parietale of chimpanzees and orangutans: A comparative resonance of human?like planum temporale asymmetry | 2,005 | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders|National Institutes of Health|Columbia University | abstract previously demonstrated leftward asymmetry planum temporale pt brain language area unique humans since similar condition present great apes report related area great apes planum parietale pp pp humans rightward asymmetry correlation lgtr pt indicates functional independence roles pt human language well known pp implicated dyslexia communication disorders since posterior bifurcation sylvian fissure sf unique humans great apes used determine characteristics posterior ascending ramus indicator pp chimpanzee orangutan brains results showed humanlike pattern rgtl pp p 004 chimpanzees nonsignificant negative correlation lgtr pt vs rgtl pp cc 03 p 039 orangutans sf anatomy variable although pp nonsignificantly rgtl three four brains p 017 demonstrated humanlike hemispheric asymmetry second languagerelated brain area great apes findings persuasively support argument addition new component comparative neuroanatomic complex defines brain language polymodal communication areas pp strengthens evolutionary links living great apes may offer better understand origins progressive parts brain evidence mounts stable expression neural foundation language species recently shared common ancestor 2005 wileyliss inc | https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21507 |
Wändi Bruine de Bruin|Charles F. Manski|Giorgio Topa|Wilbert van der Klaauw | Measuring consumer uncertainty about future inflation | 2,011 | Decision Sciences (United States)|Carnegie Mellon University|Northwestern University|Federal Reserve Bank of New York|Federal Reserve Bank of New York | abstract introduce surveybased measure uncertainty future inflation asking consumers density forecasts across inflation outcomes consumers willing able express uncertainty showing high response rates response patterns reliably related qualitative measures uncertainty heterogeneity expressed uncertainty associated demographic characteristics financial literacy measures central tendency derived density forecasts strongly correlated point forecasts furthermore expressed uncertainty positively related point forecast levels larger revisions point forecasts time copyright 2011 john wiley amp sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12821 |
Edward T. Cokely|Mirta Galeši?|Eric Schulz|Saima Ghazal|Rocío García?Retamero | Measuring Risk Literacy: The Berlin Numeracy Test | 2,012 | Michigan Technological University|Max Planck Institute for Human Development|Max Planck Institute for Human Development|Max Planck Institute for Human Development|University College London|Michigan Technological University|Max Planck Institute for Human Development|Universidad de Granada | abstract introduce berlin numeracy test new psychometrically sound instrument quickly assesses statistical numeracy risk literacy present 21 studies n 5336 showing robust psychometric discriminability across 15 countries eg germany pakistan japan usa diverse samples eg medical professionals general populations mechanical turk web panels analyses demonstrate desirable patterns convergent validity eg numeracy general cognitive abilities discriminant validity eg personality motivation criterion validity eg numerical nonnumerical questions risk berlin numeracy test found strongest predictor comprehension everyday risks eg evaluating claims products treatments interpreting forecasts doubling predictive power numeracy instruments accounting unique variance beyond cognitive tests eg cognitive reflection working memory intelligence berlin numeracy test typically takes three minutes complete available multiple languages formats including computer adaptive test automatically scores reports data researchers httpwwwriskliteracyorg online forum also provides interactive content public outreach education offers recommendation system test format selection discussion centers construct validity numeracy risk literacy underlying cognitive mechanisms applications adaptive decision support | https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt008 |
Camelia M. Kuhnen|Brian T. Melzer | Noncognitive Abilities and Financial Delinquency: The Role of Self?Efficacy in Avoiding Financial Distress | 2,018 | Instituto Benjamin Constant|Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago|Federal Reserve|Lindsey Wilson College|Dartmouth College|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | abstract investigate novel determinant financial distress namely individuals selfefficacy belief actions influence future individuals high selfefficacy likely take precautions mitigate adverse financial shocks subsequently less likely default debt bill payments especially experiencing negative shocks job loss illness thus noncognitive abilities important determinant financial fragility subjective expectations important factor household financial decisions | https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.51.3.0914-6664r |
Chad Cotti|Richard Dunn|Nathan Tefft | The Dow is Killing Me: Risky Health Behaviors and the Stock Market | 2,014 | University of Connecticut|University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh|Agricultural & Applied Economics Association|University of Washington | abstract investigate risky health behaviors selfreported health vary dow jones industrial average djia stock market crashes stock market indices leading indicators economic performance research contributes understanding macroeconomic determinants health existing studies typically rely unemployment rate proxy economic performance measure captures one many channels economic environment may influence individual health decisions find large negative monthly djia returns decreases level djia stock market crashes widely associated worsening selfreported mental health cigarette smoking binge drinking fatal car accidents involving alcohol results consistent predictions rational addiction models implications research association consumption stock prices copyright 2014 john wiley amp sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.671476 |
Elsa Fornero|Mariacristina Rossi|Maria Cesira Urzì Brancati | Explaining why, right or wrong, (Italian) households do not like reverse mortgages | 2,015 | Collegio Carlo Alberto|University of Turin|Collegio Carlo Alberto|University of Turin|Collegio Carlo Alberto|University of Modena and Reggio Emilia | abstract investigate determinants interest reverse mortgages rm sample italian homeowners find majority individuals belonging categories identified basis economic analysis main potential beneficiaries ie women elderly house richcash poor individuals fact less likely express interest allowing individual characteristics find results remain robust notice risk aversion negative expectations ones standard living retirement predict higher interest product results suggest rm perceived much ordinary instrument achieve better standard living rather remedy poor consumption | https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa023 |
Santosh Kumar|Ganesh P. Rauniyar | The impact of rural electrification on income and education: Evidence from Bhutan | 2,018 | Sam Houston State University | abstract investigate impact rural electrification program household income childrens schooling rural bhutan using propensity score matching find electrification statistically significant impact nonfarm income education nonfarm income increased 61 percent children gained 072 additional years schooling 9 minutes study time per day observe significant effects farm income results consistent robust different matching algorithms findings indicate investments reducing energy deficit may help improve human welfare bhutan | https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000177 |
Arnaud Chevalier|Colm Harmon|Vincent O’ Sullivan|Ian Walker | The impact of parental income and education on the schooling of their children | 2,013 | Royal Holloway University of London|University of Sydney|Trinity College Dublin|Lancaster University | abstract investigate relationship early schoolleaving parental education paternal income using uk labour force survey data ols estimation reveals modest effects income stronger effects maternal education relative paternal stronger effects sons daughters using iv simultaneously model endogeneity parental education income maternal education effect disappears paternal education remains significant daughters favourite specification proxy permanent income paternal income becomes insignificant thus policies alleviating income constraints alter schooling decisions may effective policies increase permanent income jel codes i20 j62 | https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12828 |
Hugh T. Patrick|Panayota Mantzicopoulos|Ala Samarapungavan | Motivation for learning science in kindergarten: Is there a gender gap and does integrated inquiry and literacy instruction make a difference | 2,008 | Purdue University West Lafayette|Purdue University West Lafayette|Purdue University West Lafayette | abstract investigated whether kindergarten girls boys n 162 motivation science perceived competence liking differed children ethnically linguistically diverse primarily lowincome families attended one three schools one school offered typical kindergarten science experience kindergarteners two schools participated scientific literacy project slpa program based conceptually coherent sequence integrated science inquiry literacy activities slp lasted either 5 10 weeks regardless sex groups slp children greater motivation science children regular science experience moreover children receiving 10 weeks slp reported greater science competence received 5 weeks boys regular classrooms reported liking science girls however sex difference slp children results supported interview data accessing childrens ideas science findings suggest early meaningful participation science likely promote girls boys motivation science 2008 wiley periodicals inc j res sci teach 46 166191 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz003 |
Milo Bianchi | Financial Literacy and Portfolio Dynamics | 2,018 | Toulouse School of Economics | abstract match administrative panel data portfolio choices survey measures financial literacy control portfolio risk literate households experience 04 higher annual returns least literate households distinct portfolio dynamics key determinant difference literate households hold riskier positions expected returns higher actively rebalance portfolios way holds risk exposure relatively constant time likely buy assets provide higher returns assets sell | https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12259 |
Karthik Muralidharan|Venkatesh Sundararaman | The Aggregate Effect of School Choice: Evidence from a Two-Stage Experiment in India * | 2,015 | University of California, San Diego | abstract present experimental evidence impact school choice program indian state andhra pradesh provided students voucher finance attending private school choice study design featured unique twostage lotterybased allocation vouchers created studentlevel marketlevel experiments allows us study individual aggregate effects school choice including spillovers two four years program find difference test scores lottery winners losers telugu native language math english sciencesocial studies suggesting large crosssectional differences test scores across public private schools mostly reflect omitted variables however private schools also teach hindi taught public schools lottery winners much higher test scores hindi furthermore mean cost per student private schools sample less third cost public schools thus private schools setting deliver slightly better test score gains public counterparts better hindi subjects substantially lower cost per student finally find evidence spillovers public school students apply voucher private school students suggesting positive effects voucher winners come expense students | https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez013 |
Isaac Mbiti|Karthik Muralidharan|Mauricio Romero|Youdi Schipper|Constantine Manda|Rakesh Rajani | Inputs, Incentives, and Complementarities in Education: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania* | 2,019 | Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab|University of California, San Diego|Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab|National Bureau of Economic Research|Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México|Twaweza|Yale University|Twaweza | abstract present results largescale randomized experiment across 350 schools tanzania studied impact providing schools unconditional grants ii teacher incentives based student performance iii two years find impact student test scores providing school grants ii evidence positive effects teacher incentives iii significant positive effects providing programs important find strong evidence complementarities programs effect joint provision significantly greater sum individual effects results suggest combining spending school inputs default policy improved teacher incentives could substantially increase costeffectiveness public spending education | https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.66 |
Edward Slingerland|Maciej Chudek | The Prevalence of Mind–Body Dualism in Early China | 2,011 | University of British Columbia|University of British Columbia | abstract present first largescale quantitative examination mind body concepts set historical sources measuring predictions folk mindbody dualism surviving textual corpus preqin pre221 bce china textual analysis found clear patterns historically evolving reference word xin heartheartmind alone organs regularly contrasted physical body warring states period became less associated emotions increasingly portrayed unique locus higher cognitive abilities interpret semantic shift toward shared cognitive bias response vast rapid expansion literacy study helps test proposed universality folk dualism adds new quantitative approach methods used humanities opens new valuable data source cognitive scientists record dead minds | https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2013.853493 |
Minsu Ha|David L. Haury|Ross H. Nehm | Feeling of certainty: Uncovering a missing link between knowledge and acceptance of evolution | 2,011 | The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University | abstract propose new model factors influencing acceptance evolutionary theory highlights novel variable unexplored previous studies feeling certainty foc model grounded emerging understanding brain function acknowledges contributions intuitive cognitions making decisions whether accept particular theoretical explanation events specifically examine relationships among religious identity level education level knowledge foc level evolutionary acceptance test whether proposed model accurately predicts hypothesized pathways employ widely used measuresthe cins mate oriin addition new variables multiple regression path analyses order test interrelationships among foc acceptance evolutionary theory explore relationships using sample 124 preservice biology teachers found display comparable knowledge belief levels reported previous studies topic hypothesis tests corroborated idea foc plays moderating role relationships among evolutionary knowledge beliefs educational research acceptance evolutionary theory likely benefit increased attention nonconscious intuitive cognitions give rise feeling knowing certainty 2011 wiley periodicals inc j res sci teach 49 95121 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.10013 |
Bert D’Espallier|Isabelle Guérin|Roy Mersland | Focus on Women in Microfinance Institutions | 2,013 | Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne|University of Agder | abstract provide empirical evidence focusing women microfinance consequences microfinance institutions mfis based global dataset results indicate focus women associated grouplending methods international orientation smaller loans noncommercial legal status find focus women significantly improves repayment enhance overall financial performance higher relative costs moreover higher relative costs stem servicing women per se smaller loans offered women grouplending methodology practised mfis focusing women | https://doi.org/10.1300/j120v37n77_10 |
Gayaneh Szenkovits|Franck Ramus | Exploring dyslexics' phonological deficit I: lexical vs sub?lexical and input vs output processes | 2,005 | Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique|School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences|École Normale Supérieure - PSL|French National Centre for Scientific Research|Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique|School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences|École Normale Supérieure - PSL|French National Centre for Scientific Research|University College London | abstract report series experiments designed explore locus phonological deficit dyslexia phonological processing dyslexic adults compared age iqmatched controls dyslexics impaired performance tasks involving nonwords suggests sublexical phonological representations deficient contrasting nonword repetition vs auditory nonword discrimination suggests dyslexics specifically impaired input phonological processing data compatible hypothesis deficit initially affects input sublexical processes spreads output lexical processes course language acquisition longitudinal research required confirm scenario well tease apart role quality phonological representations verbal shortterm memory processes copyright 2005 john wiley amp sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2014.00748.x |
Brenda Rapp|Kate Lipka | The Literate Brain: The Relationship between Spelling and Reading | 2,011 | Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University | abstract report results fmri investigation neural bases written language comprehension reading production spelling tasks examined individuals allowing greater precision establishing relationship neural underpinnings two cognitive functions also examined relationship written language substrates involved face object house processing results reveal reading spelling share specific left hemisphere substrates midfusiform gyrus inferior frontal gyrusjunction furthermore results indicate left midfusiform substrates specifically involved lexical orthographic processing also find written language face processing exhibit largely complementary activation patterns fusiform inferior frontaljunction areas left right lateralization respectively sum results provide perhaps strongest evidence date components shared written language comprehension reading production spelling understanding role literacy within larger repertoire cognitive operations neural substrates | https://doi.org/10.1080/0962029940030110 |
Rachel E. Patzer|Marina Serper|Peter P. Reese|Kamila Przytula|R. Koval|Daniela P. Ladner|Josh Levitsky|Michaël Abécassis|Michael S. Wolf | Medication understanding, non?adherence, and clinical outcomes among adult kidney transplant recipients | 2,016 | Emory University|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|Northwestern University|Emory University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University | abstract sought evaluate prevalence medication understanding nonadherence entire drug regimens among kidney transplantation kt recipients examine associations exposures clinical outcomes structured inperson interviews conducted 99 adult kt recipients 2011 2012 two transplant centers chicago il atlanta ga nearly onequarter 24 participants limited literacy measured rapid estimate adult literacy medicine test patients took mean 10 sd 4 medications 32 medication change within last month average patients knew 91 medications selfreport demonstrated proper dosing via observed demonstration 83 medications overall 35 nonadherent based either selfreport tacrolimus level multivariable analyses fewer months since transplant limited literacy associated nonadherence p lt05 patients minority race higher number medications mild cognitive impairment significantly lower treatment knowledge scores nonwhite race lower income associated higher rates hospitalization within year following interview identification factors predispose kt recipients medication misunderstanding nonadherence hospitalization could help target appropriate selfcare interventions | https://doi.org/10.1086/699690 |
Ernesto Dal Bó|Frederico Finan|Máximo Rossi | Strengthening State Capabilities: The Role of Financial Incentives in the Call to Public Service* | 2,013 | University of San Andrés|National Bureau of Economic Research|University of California, Berkeley|University of San Andrés|National Bureau of Economic Research|University of California, Berkeley|University of San Andrés|National Bureau of Economic Research|University of California, Berkeley | abstract study recent recruitment drive public sector positions mexico different salaries announced randomly across recruitment sites job offers subsequently randomized screening relied exams designed measure applicants intellectual ability personality motivation allows first experimental estimates 1 role financial incentives attracting larger qualified pool applicants 2 elasticity labor supply facing employer 3 role job attributes distance attractiveness municipal environment helping fill vacancies well role wages helping fill positions less attractive municipalities theoretical model job applications acceptance guides empirical inquiry find higher wages attract able applicants measured iq personality proclivity toward public sector workthat find evidence adverse selection effects motivation higher wage offers also increased acceptance rates implying labor supply elasticity around 2 degree monopsony power distance worse municipal characteristics strongly decrease acceptance rates higher wages help bridge recruitment gap worse municipalities | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01106.x |
Anna Aizer|Laura R. Stroud|Stephen L. Buka | Maternal Stress and Child Outcomes: Evidence from Siblings | 2,015 | null | abstract study maternal stress affects offspring outcomes find utero exposure elevated levels stress hormone cortisol negatively affects offspring cognition health educational attainment findings based comparisons siblings limit variation shortlived shocks controls unobserved differences mothers could bias estimates results consistent recent experimental results neurobiological literature linking exogenous exposure stress hormones utero declines offspring cognitive behavioral motor development moreover find mothers low levels human capital characterized higher variable cortisol levels negative impact elevated cortisol offspring greater results suggest maternal stress may play role intergenerational persistence poverty | https://doi.org/10.1515/jem-2013-0012 |
Sosina Bezu|Christopher B. Barrett | Employment Dynamics in the Rural Nonfarm Sector in Ethiopia: Do the Poor Have Time on Their Side? | 2,012 | Norwegian University of Life Sciences|Cornell University | abstract study rural employment transitions ethiopia farming low highreturn nonfarm employment find initial asset holdings access saving credit important factors transition highreturn rural nonfarm employment households participation highreturn rural nonfarm activities robust experience health shocks however shocks affect wealth liquidity may trigger descents lowreturn nonfarm employment hand shocks reduce agricultural income motivate transitions highreturn rural nonfarm employment notes 1 possible also household owns enough capital may optimally invest types activities ignore possibility sake simplicity 2 want describe returns general study areas use pooled data six surveys 3 questionnaire distinguish agricultural nonagricultural goods regard price shocks lack access inputs assume mainly agricultural goods 4 smaller number observations subsample initially highreturn rnfe meant could include interaction terms also tested key assumption independence irrelevant alternatives confirm data violate core assumptions multinomial logit estimator maddala citation1983 hausmanmcfadden test reject null hypothesis iia confirming validity multinomial logit estimator additional informationnotes contributorssosina bezu online appendix available article accessed via online version journal available httpdxdoiorg101080002203882012671476 | https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12694 |
Gharad Bryan|James J. Choi|Dean Karlan | Randomizing Religion: the Impact of Protestant Evangelism on Economic Outcomes* | 2,020 | Centre for Economic Policy Research|Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab|National Bureau of Economic Research|Yale University|Centre for Economic Policy Research|Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab|National Bureau of Economic Research | abstract study causal impact religiosity randomized evaluation evangelical protestant christian values theology education program delivered thousands ultrapoor filipino households six months program ended treated households higher religiosity income statistically significant differences total labor supply consumption food security life satisfaction lower perceived relative economic status exploratory analysis suggests income treatment effect may operate increasing grit thirty months program ended significant differences intensity religiosity disappear treatment group less likely catholic likely protestant mixed evidence consumption perceived relative economic status higher | https://doi.org/10.1362/026725709x479327 |
Ornella Ricci|Massimo Caratelli | Financial literacy, trust and retirement planning | 2,015 | Roma Tre University|Roma Tre University | abstract study complex relationship financial literacy retirement planning trust financial institutions using data 2010 bank italy survey household income wealth impact financial literacy retirement planning wellestablished issue existing empirical literature main contribution proving financial knowledge impacts retirement planning also decisions entering private pension scheme devoting severance pay private pension scheme adding consideration trust poses serious econometric concerns since financial literacy trust financial institutions likely endogenous presence two endogenous regressors renders identification causality difficult solution keep financial literacy endogenous include models exogenous regional indicator social capital similar one adopted guiso et al 2004 proxy level trust counterparts financial contract geographical area main findings show trust positive influence decisions enter private pension scheme devote severance pay private pension scheme | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-023-00153-z |
Rawley Z. Heimer|Kristian Ove R. Myrseth|Raphael Schoenle | YOLO: Mortality Beliefs and Household Finance Puzzles | 2,019 | Brandeis University|Trinity College Dublin | abstract study effect subjective mortality beliefs lifecycle behavior new survey evidence document survival underestimated overestimated young old calibrate canonical lifecycle model elicited beliefs relative calibrations using actuarial probabilities young undersave 26 retirees draw assets 27 slower models fit consumption data improves 88 crosssectional regressions support models predictions distorted mortality beliefs correlate savings behavior controlling risk preferences cognitive socioeconomic factors overweighting likelihood rare events contributes mortality belief distortions | https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3213 |
Sandra Sequeira|Nathan Nunn|Nancy Qian | Immigrants and the Making of America | 2,019 | London School of Economics and Political Science|Bread for the World Institute|Harvard University|Bread for the World Institute|Fudan University|Kellogg's (Canada) | abstract study effects european immigration us age mass migration 18501920 economic prosperity exploiting crosscounty variation immigration arises interaction fluctuations aggregate immigrant flows gradual expansion railway network find counties historical immigration higher income less poverty less unemployment higher rates urbanization greater educational attainment today longrun effects seem capture persistence shortrun benefits including greater industrialization increased agricultural productivity innovation | https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2011.0027 |
Víctor M. Aguayo|Rajilakshmi Nair|Nina Badgaiyan|V Krishna | Determinants of stunting and poor linear growth in children under 2 years of age in India: an in?depth analysis of Maharashtra's comprehensive nutrition survey | 2,016 | United Nations Children's Fund India | abstract use representative sample 2561 children 023 months old identify factors significantly associated child stunting state maharashtra india find 227 children stunted onethird 74 stunted children severely stunted multivariate regression analyses indicate children born low birthweight 25fold higher odds stunted odds ratio 249 95 confidence interval ci 196327 children 623 months old fed minimum number timesday 63 higher odds stunted 163 95 ci 124214 lower consumption eggs associated twofold increased odds stunting children 623 months old 207 95 ci 119361 children whose mothers height lt 145 cm twofold higher odds stunted 204 95 ci 146281 lastly children households without access improved sanitation 88 higher odds severely stunted 188 95 ci 117302 attained linear growth heightforage z score significantly lower children households without access improved sanitation children mothers without access electronic media without decision making power regarding food whose height lt 145 cm children born low birthweight children 623 months old fed dairy products fruits vegetables maharashtra childrens birthweight feeding practices womens nutrition status household sanitation poverty significant predictors stunting poor linear growth children 2 years key messages one five 227 children 023 months old state maharashtra stunted onethird 74 stunted children severely stunted birthweight child feeding womens nutrition household sanitation significant predictors stunting poor linear growth children 2 years children born mothers whose height 145 cm twofold higher odds stunted children born low birthweight 25fold higher odds stunted low feeding frequency low consumption eggs dairy products fruits vegetables associated stunting poor linear growth children 623 months old children households without access improved sanitation 88 higher odds severely stunted | https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.2 |
Dimitris Christelis|Dimitris Georgarakos|Tullio Jappelli|Luigi Pistaferri|Maarten van Rooij | Asymmetric Consumption Effects of Transitory Income Shocks* | 2,019 | Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement|University of Naples Federico II|European Central Bank|Center for Economic and Policy Research|University of Naples Federico II|Center for Economic and Policy Research|Stanford University|De Nederlandsche Bank | abstract use responses representative sample dutch households survey questions ask much consumption would change response unexpected transitory income shocks positive negative questionnaire also distinguishes relatively small income changes onemonth increase drop income relatively larger ones equal threemonths income results broadly line models intertemporal choice precautionary saving borrowing constraints finite horizons | https://doi.org/10.1080/00358530600931285 |
John A. McNulty|Beth Sonntag|James Sinacore | Evaluation of computer?aided instruction in a gross anatomy course: A six?year study | 2,009 | Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University Chicago|Office of Education|Loyola University Chicago | abstract webbased computeraided instruction cai become increasingly important medical curricula multiyear study investigated effectiveness cai factors affecting level individual use three cai tested differed specificity applicability curriculum level student interaction cai student personality preferences learning styles measured using meyers briggs type indicator mbti kolbs learning style inventory lsi information computer literacy use cai collected student surveys server logs used quantify individual use respective cai considerable variability level utilization cai individual students individual use cai differed associated gender mbti preferences learning style computer literacy majority students found cai useful learning used cai students accessed cai resources frequently scored significantly higher exams compared students never accessed resources results show medical students uniformly use cai developed curriculum variability associated various attributes individual students data also provide evidence importance understanding student preferences learning styles implementing cai curriculum anat sci ed 228 2009 2009 american association anatomists | https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315001489 |
Lisa Rose-Wiles|Melissa A. Hofmann | Still Desperately Seeking Citations: Undergraduate Research in the Age of Web-Scale Discovery | 2,013 | Seton Hall University|Rider University | abstract webscale discovery services promise fast easy searching single googlelike box pleasing users making library resources discoverable librarians embrace concept giving users come expect google others concerned dumb searching undermine information literacy article explore potential impact webscale discovery tools information literacy focusing particularly undergraduate research skills review existing literature present findings experiences two midsized academic libraries adopted ebsco discovery service library home page portal | https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20240 |
Nancy Butler Songer|Hee?Sun Lee|Rosalind Kam | Technology?rich inquiry science in urban classrooms: What are the barriers to inquiry pedagogy?* | 2,002 | University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor | abstract barriers technologyrich inquiry pedagogy urban science classrooms kinds programs support structures allow barriers overcome research pedagogical practices within urban classrooms suggests result many constraints many urban teachers practices emphasize directive controlling teaching pedagogy poverty haberman 1991 rather facilitation students ownership control learning advocated inquiry science balance research programs advocate standardsbased inquiry teaching pedagogies demonstrate strong learning outcomes urban students study tracked classroom research technologyrich inquiry weather program six urban science teachers teachers implemented program coordination districtwide middle school science reform results indicated despite many challenges first year implementation students 19 classrooms program demonstrated significant content inquiry gains addition case study data comprised twiceweekly classroom observations interviews six teachers suggest support structures conducive challenging inquiry pedagogy work extended previous studies urban science pedagogy practices begun articulate role technological component plays either contributing challenges experienced helping urban science classrooms realize inquiry science positive learning values although data outline results first year systemic reform suggest begin build evidence role technologyrich inquiry programs combating pedagogy poverty urban science classrooms 2002 john wiley amp sons inc j res sci teach 39 128150 2002 | https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802663625 |
Holly Heller-Ross | Assessing Outcomes with Nursing Research Assignments and Citation Analysis of StudentBibliographies | 2,003 | SUNY Plattsburgh|State University of New York | abstract library information research requirements typical undergraduate nursing program distancelearning library services provide undergraduate nursing students research materials require academic work order determine broad range reference instruction access services offered feinberg library plattsburgh state university new york used students author reviewed selected nursing course syllabi research requirements resulting student research bibliographies outcome assessment review included 441 bibliographic citations 78 student research papers 19981999 results indicated significant difference offcampus student bibliography citations regards currency format number citations results also indicated reviewed undergraduate nursing research assignments indeed designed promote research integration nursing practice student access information sufficient allow complete academic assignments | https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21457 |
Gideon Skinner|Jayesh Navin Shah | Understanding Public Attitudes to Science | 2,014 | null | abstract medical records database england genetically modified crops climate change gideon skinner jayesh navin shah ipsos mori summarise comprehensive new study peoples attitudes science scientists uk lessons policymakers researchers | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09998-w |
Jean Underwood|Mark Billingham|Geoffrey Underwood | Predicting Computer Literacy: how do the technological experiences of schoolchildren predict their computer?based problem?solving skills? | 1,994 | University of Leicester|University of Nottingham|University of Nottingham | abstract effect technologically rich outofschool environment upon use information technology classroom question approached observing relationships exposure home electronic technologies classroom disposition performance secondary school children 1112 years old interviewed determine declarative knowledge computers computer use richness technological environment declared interest working computers performed computerbased language task required enter missing letters piece text task required linguistic problemsolving skills well keyboard agility yielded number performance scores successful performance correlated declared outofschool computer use richness technological environment also correlated positively declared computer use outofschool experience predict attitudes classroom information technology gender effects attitude performance | https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000015162 |
Arnon Keren | The Public Understanding of What? Laypersons’ Epistemic Needs, the Division of Cognitive Labor, and the Demarcation of Science | 2,018 | null | abstract must laypersons understand science allow make sound decisions sciencerelated issues relying recent developments social epistemology article argues scientific education goal bringing laypersons understanding science closer expert insiders rather cultivating kind competence characteristic competent outsiders moreover argues philosophers science important role play attempts promote kind understanding successfully fulfill role approach central questions field differently | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00437.x |
Max M. Louwerse | Symbol Interdependency in Symbolic and Embodied Cognition | 2,010 | University of Memphis | abstract whether computational algorithms latent semantic analysis lsa extract meaning language advance theories human cognition become topic debate cognitive science whereby accounts symbolic cognition embodied cognition often contrasted albeit different reasons accounts importance statistical regularities linguistic surface structure tends underestimated current article gives overview symbolic embodied cognition accounts shows meaning induction attributed specific statistical process activation embodied representations attributed language specifically performance lsa attributed linguistic surface structure special characteristics algorithm embodiment findings attributed perceptual simulations explained distributional linguistic information | https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12106 |
Olena Nizalova|Irina Murtazashvili | Exogenous Treatment and Endogenous Factors: Vanishing of Omitted Variable Bias on the Interaction Term | 2,016 | University of Kent|Drexel University | abstract whether interested differential impact particular factor various institutional settings heterogeneous effect policy random experiment empirical researcher confronts problem factor interest correlated omitted variable paper presents circumstances possible arrive consistent estimate mentioned effect find source heterogeneity omitted variable jointly independent policy treatment ols estimate interaction term treatment endogenous factor turns consistent | https://doi.org/10.18438/b86w90 |
Ioannis Kazanidis|???????? ??????|Panagiotis Fotaris|Avgoustos Tsinakos | Can the flipped classroom model improve students’ academic performance and training satisfaction in Higher Education instructional media design courses? | 2,018 | null | abstract flipping classroom gained attention k12 secondary school programs relatively explicit focus effectiveness teaching method instructional media design courses higher education purpose quasiexperimental study determine effectiveness flipped classroom approach teaching instructional media design subjects comparing students academic performance training satisfaction traditional lecturebased instruction flipped classroom total 128 undergraduate students participated voluntarily divided control n 62 experimental n 66 group respectively study findings indicated substantial differences academic performance training satisfaction two groups students experimental group performing significantly better specifically results showed determining factors associated training satisfaction explain students flipped classes achieved notably higher mastery learning objectives control group peers study adds literature providing evidence flipped classroom potentially benefit students academic performance leading higher training satisfaction deeper disciplinary understanding instructional media design courses | https://doi.org/10.18438/b8zd3q |
Marion Garnier|Emma K. Macdonald | The savvy French consumer: a cross-cultural replication | 2,009 | null | abstract french consumers adoption broadband may slightly lag uk australian uptake adoption various interactive technologies rapidly increasing multidimensional 19item consumer savvy scale helps assess consumer competency including technological sophistication marketing literacy networking used population profiling scale applied sample french consumers french language sample uk consumers english findings indicate translational equivalence frenchlanguage version well good fit reasonable stability scale french uk replications thus conceptual equivalence savvy across cultures supported however analysis indicates parsimonious 10item measurement model french context may justified findings implications conceptualisation assessment consumer savvy across cultures implications research practice well study limitations discussed keywords savvy consumercrosscultural researchscale replicationconsumer behaviourinternet | https://doi.org/10.18438/b8qs9m |
Loreen Beier|Hans?Peter Blossfeld | How do numerical and literacy stimulations in mother–child interactions relate to early gender differences in mathematical competencies? Empirical results from the NEPS Newborn Cohort study | 2,023 | Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories|University of Bamberg | abstract gender differences mathematical competencies favoring boys well researched school late kindergarten age much less known earlier development using data neps newborn cohort study paper focuses 4 yearold children effects numerical literacy stimulation motherchild interactions received age 2 controlling different domainspecific stimulations structural characteristics childrens home learning environment parental views important child characteristics general educational processes mother child empirical analyses showed small statistically significant gender differences mathematical competencies favoring girls early domainspecific stimulation motherchild interactions age 2 offer good explanation math advantage girls boys age 4 nonetheless even 2 yearold girls received numerical stimulation quite similar boys evidence girls received higher input terms literacy stimulation related small advantage girls mathematical competencies age 4 | https://doi.org/10.18438/b8b60x |
Lynda Pickbourn|Léonce Ndikumana | The Impact of the Sectoral Allocation of Foreign aid on Gender Inequality | 2,016 | Hampshire College | abstract many developing countries made progress human development gender equality remains challenge study uses data bilateral official aid disbursements oecd development assistance committee oecddac examine impact aid sectoral allocation overall gender inequality well gender inequality health education find impact aid gender inequality dependent initial human development per capita income however increased aid health education sectors appears effective reducing maternal mortality gender inequality youth literacy regardless initial conditions 2016 unuwider journal international development published john wiley amp sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.18438/b89d0p |
Lipika Samal|Somnath Saha|Geetanjali Chander|P. Todd Korthuis|Rashmi Sharma|Victoria L. Sharp|Jonathan Cohn|Richard D. Moore|Mary Catherine Beach | Internet Health Information Seeking Behavior and Antiretroviral Adherence in Persons Living with HIV/AIDS | 2,011 | Brigham and Women's Hospital|Portland VA Medical Center|Oregon Health & Science University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|Oregon Health & Science University|Northwestern Memorial Hospital|Northwestern University|St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center|Wayne State University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University | abstract internet potential educate persons living hivaids plwha websites may contain inaccurate information increase risk nonadherence antiretroviral therapy art objectives study determine extent plwha engage internet health information seeking behavior ihisb determine whether ihisb associated art adherence conducted survey adult englishspeaking hivinfected patients four hiv outpatient clinic sites united states baltimore maryland detroit michigan new york portland oregon december 2004 january 2006 assessed ihisb asking participants much information received internet since acquiring hiv main outcome patientreported art adherence past three days data available ihisb 433 patients 334 art therapy patients mean age 45 standard error se 045 years mostly male 66 african american 58 attained high school degree 73 55 reported ihisb 18 reported 27 reported fair amount great deal patients reported higher versus lower levels ihisb significantly younger achieved higher level education higher medication selfefficacy unadjusted analyses higher ihisb associated art adherence odds ratio 296 95 confidence interval ci 127694 association persisted adjustment age gender race education clinic site medication selfefficacy adjusted odds ratio aor 276 95 ci 111687 findings indicate ihisb positively associated art adherence even controlling potentially confounding variables future studies investigate ways internet health information may promote medication adherence among plwha | https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip29526 |
Dan M. Kahan|Ellen Peters|Erica Dawson|Paul Slovic | Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government | 2,017 | Yale University|The Ohio State University|Cornell University|Decision Research|University of Oregon | abstract public conflict societal risks persist face compelling widely accessible scientific evidence conducted experiment probe two alternative answers science comprehension thesis sct identifies defects publics knowledge reasoning capacities source controversies identityprotective cognition thesis ict treats cultural conflict disabling faculties members public use make sense decisionrelevant science experiment presented subjects difficult problem turned ability draw valid causal inferences empirical data expected subjects highest numeracy measure ability disposition make use quantitative information substantially better less numerate ones data presented results study new skin rash treatment also expected subjects responses became politically polarized even less accurate data presented results study gun control ban contrary prediction sct polarization abate among subjects highest numeracy instead increased outcome supported ict predicted numerate subjects would use quantitativereasoning capacity selectively conform interpretation data result consistent political outlooks discuss theoretical practical significance findings | https://doi.org/10.15353/joci.v3i2.2379 |
Jerome L. McElroy|Kara B. Pearce | The advantages of political affiliation: Dependent and independent small-island profiles | 2,006 | Saint Mary's College | abstract propensity dependence small subnational island jurisdictions snijs study argues favour superior levels performance achieved affiliation demonstrate evidence socioeconomic demographic profiles developed 25 snijs 30 sovereign small less one million population islands using 25 variables twosample means test results demonstrate snijs consistently outperform sovereign neighbours former economically affluent dynamic economies diversified towards international services tourism offshore finance also socially progressive higher life expectancy literacy rates lower infant mortality finally demographically mature lower birth fertility rates contrast independents emigrant status immigrant snij societies superior performance indirectly linked judicious use jurisdictional autonomy close metropolitan ties conscious advantages islanders repeatedly vote retain status quo | https://doi.org/10.47435/asy-syarikah.v3i1.551 |
Thakur Silwal|Jaromír Kolejka|Bharat P. Bhatta|Santosh Rayamajhi|Ram P. Sharma|Buddi Sagar Poudel | When, where and whom: assessing wildlife attacks on people in Chitwan National Park, Nepal | 2,016 | Tribhuvan University|Masaryk University|Tribhuvan University|Czech University of Life Sciences Prague|Charles Sturt University | abstract wildlife attacks people around protected areas become one main challenges wildlife management authorities assessed correlates wildlife attacks 20032013 vicinity chitwan national park nepal used data various sources discussion stakeholders field observations questionnaire surveys wildlife attacks significantly correlated factors site season time activity gender awareness moreover 89 recorded attacks occurred outside park number attacks fluctuated widely patterns attacks significantly uneven across seasons months 87 attacks occurred day 63 occurred morning victims male c 45 attacks occurred people collecting forest resources working croplands attacks carried predominantly rhinoceros rhinoceros unicornis 38 tigers panthera tigris 21 sloth bears melursus ursinus 18 elephants elephas maximus 9 wild boar sus scrofa 8 people attacked lived close park depended farming livelihoods little knowledge animal behaviour attacks mitigated proper management habitats inside park raising awareness wildlife behaviour among local people recommend establishing participatory emergency rescue team deal problematic animals highrisk areas | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2005.00141.x |
Jubin Abutalebi|Roland Keim|Simona Maria Brambati|Marco Tettamanti|Stefano F. Cappa|Ria De Bleser|Daniela Perani | Late acquisition of literacy in a native language | 2,006 | Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Krankenhaus Brixen|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology|National Research Council|University of Potsdam|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology|National Research Council | abstract eventrelated functional mri fmri behavioral measures studied brain processes underlying acquisition native language literacy adult dialect speakers scanned reading words belonging three different conditions dialect words ie native language subjects illiterate dialect german words ie second language subjects literate pseudowords investigating literacy acquisition dialect may reveal novel readers language build orthographic lexicon ie establish link already available semantic phonological representations new orthographic word forms main results study indicate set regions including left anterior hippocampal formation subcortical nuclei involved buildup orthographic representations repeated exposure written dialect words resulted convergence neural substrate language subjects already proficient readers latter result compatible fast brain plasticity process may related shift reading strategies hum brain mapp 2007 2006 wileyliss inc | https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000294 |
Sebastian Fehrler|Katharina Michaelowa|Annika Wechtler | The Effectiveness of Inputs in Primary Education: Insights from Recent Student Surveys for Sub-Saharan Africa | 2,009 | University of Zurich|University of Zurich|Hamburg Institute of International Economics|Hamburg Institute of International Economics | abstract sacmeq pasec two large data bases available student achievement socioeconomic background school teacher characteristics anglophone francophone subsaharan africa joint analysis pasec sacmeq common education production function framework allows us estimate impact educational inputs student achievement 21 subsaharan african countries compare results earlier empirical studies education systems africa world regions analysis focus school equipment teacher quality class organisation issue teacher student incentives cannot adequately addressed given data results based traditional retrospective analysis student achievement pasec sacmeq countries contrast nothing works result industrialized countries studies find robust positive correlations achievement test scores possession textbooks negative correlations teaching shifts striking result weak even absent correlation achievement test scores teacher education professional training however differences francophone anglophone education systems observed context differences sampling methodology duly taken account acknowledgements authors wish thank jean bourdon thoughtful comments invaluable help providing access relevant literature well data preparation discussion moreover grateful alain patrick nkengne nkengne jeanmarc bernard adriaan verspor marta encinasmartin useful suggestions mioko saito support interpretation sacmeq variables notes online appendix available article accessed via online version journal available wwwinformaworldcomfjds 1 detailed discussion education production functions see glewwe kremer citation2006 2 details regarding differences sampling discussed appendix 3 robustness checks reported results available articles online appendix 4 even impact educational attainment student achievement found policy increase teacher education would considered care costs terms salaries sharply increase completion upper secondary final examination burkina faso 1999 example teachers baccalaurat earned 28 per cent colleagues without baccalaurat averaged income groups different final marks tenure absolute numbers difference incomes averaged income groups 380 euros per year ministre de lconomie et de finance bf 1999 5 see example bernard et al citation2005 effects grade repetition africa | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0950-0804.2004.00229.x |
Valentina Pitardi|Hannah R. Marriott | Alexa, <i>she's</i> not human but… Unveiling the drivers of consumers' trust in voice?based artificial intelligence | 2,021 | University of Portsmouth|University of Winchester | abstract development deep connections humans artificial intelligence voicebased assistants vas human machine relationships transformed relationships work essential trust established although capabilities vas offer retailers consumers enhanced opportunities building trust machines inherently challenging paper propose integrating humancomputer interaction theories parasocial relationship theory develop insight trust attitudes toward vas established adopting mixedmethod approach first quantitatively examine proposed model using covariancebased structural equation modeling 466 respondents based findings study second qualitative study employed reveal four main themes findings show functional elements drive users attitude toward using vas social attributes social presence social cognition unique antecedents developing trust additionally research illustrates peculiar dynamic privacy trust shows users distinguish two different sources trustworthiness interactions vas identifying brand producers data collector taken together results reinforce idea individuals interact vas treating social entities employing human social rules thus supporting adoption parasocial perspective | https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000453 |
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