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Richard A. Easterlin
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The Worldwide Standard of Living Since 1800
| 2,000 |
University of Southern California
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many measures revolution living conditions sweeping world people today better fed clothed house predecessors two centuries ago healthier live longer better educated womens lives less centered reproduction political democracy gained foothold current international differences number standard living indicators significantly correlated historically however improvements often started quite different times suggesting determinants change different aspects standard living varied
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s40959-017-0025-7
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Yuan Zhou
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Analysis of Trends in Demand for Computer-Related Skills for Academic Librarians from 1974 to 1994
| 1,996 | null |
means content analysis study examines 2500 employment advertisements academic librarian positions 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 investigate patterns trends demand computerrelated skills academic librarians period two decades study identifies basic computerrelated qualifications required different types positions tracks changes demand qualifications time also tests relationship among size library type position degree demand computerrelated skills using quantitative approach study measures changes brought computer applications terms qualifies individual academic librarian
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00195
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Yelena Rozenfeld|Jennifer Beam|Haley Maier|Whitney Haggerson|Karen Boudreau|Jamie Carlson|Rhonda Medows
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A model of disparities: risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection
| 2,020 |
Providence College|Providence College|Providence College|Providence College|Providence College|Providence College|Providence Health & Services
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midmay 2020 15 million cases sarscov2 covid19 across us new confirmed cases continuing rise following reopening states prior studies focused mainly clinical risk factors associated serious illness mortality covid19 less analysis conducted clinical sociodemographic environmental variables associated initial infection covid19a multivariable statistical model used characterize risk factors 34503cases laboratoryconfirmed positive negative covid19 infection providence health system us february 28 april 27 2020 publicly available data utilized approximations social determinants health patientlevel clinical sociodemographic factors extracted electronic medical recordhigher risk covid19 infection associated older age 169 95 ci 141202 p 00001 male gender 132 95 ci 121144 p 00001 asian race 143 95 ci 118172 p 00002 blackafrican american race 151 95 ci 125183 p 00001 latino ethnicity 207 95 ci 177241 p 00001 nonenglish language 209 95 ci 17257 p 00001 residing neighborhood financial insecurity 110 95 ci 101125 p 004 low air quality 101 95 ci 10104 p 005 housing insecurity 132 95 ci 11615 p 00001 transportation insecurity 111 95 ci 102123 p 003 living senior living communities 169 95 ci 123232 p 0001sisk covid19 infection higher among groups already affected health disparities across age race ethnicity language income living conditions health promotion disease prevention strategies prioritize groups vulnerable infection address structural inequities contribute risk social economic policy
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2008.03.004
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Mara Župani?|Gorana Aralica
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Zdravstvena pismenost kod kroni?nih bolesnika oboljelih od epilepsije
| 2,023 |
University of Applied Health Sciences|Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan|University of Applied Health Sciences
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reviewing literature many authors cite health literacy one strongest predictors health status individual community according world health organization 2000 health literacy represents personal cognitive social skills determine individuals ability access information understand utilize information improve maintain health cited one important public health goals 21st century purpose crosssectional study assess level health literacy among patients epilepsy examine association health literacy soft sociodemographic indicators structured survey questionnaire modified according compliance questionnaire rheumatology questionnaire ehealth questionnaire used assess usefulness health information obtained electronic sources 90 subjects sexes included study represented age group 30 49 years old data analysis included descriptive statistics chisquare test fishers exact correction used testing results indicated statistically significant difference health literacy certain sociodemographic indicators younger population recognizes internet useful source information helps making personal health decisions study prove statistically significant difference patients health literacy level education patients rural areas poorer health literacy
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1131
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Bernice A. Pescosolido
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The Public Stigma of Mental Illness
| 2,013 |
Indiana University Bloomington
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1990s sociology faced frustrating paradox classic work mental illness stigma labeling theory reinforced mark mental illness created prejudice discrimination individuals family members yet foundation coupled deinstitutionalization mental health care produced contradictory responses claims stigma dissipating made others argued intervention efforts needed reduce stigma signaling critical role theorybased research establishing pervasive effects stigma claims directed resources away social science research yet contemporary scientific foundation underlying claims weak reply came resurgence research directed toward mental illness stigma nationally internationally bringing together researchers different disciplines first time report general populations attitudes beliefs behavioral dispositions targeted public stigma implications next decade research intervention efforts
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https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s8288
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Dora L. Costa|Matthew E. Kahn
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Forging a New Identity: The Costs and Benefits of Diversity in Civil War Combat Units for Black Slaves and Freemen
| 2,006 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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end civil war 186017 black men served union army roughly threequarters former slaves black soldiers illiterate farm workers war exposed much broader world wartime experience depended upon peers commanding officers regiment toured affected later life outcomes short run combat units benefited company homogeneity built social capital minimized shirking long run mens human capital acquisition information best improved serving heterogeneous companies
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https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000001441
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Ramón Ramón-Muñoz|Josep-María Ramon-Muñoz
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Sibship size and the biological standard of living in industrial Catalonia, c.1860–c.1920: a case study
| 2,016 |
Barcelona School of Economics|Universitat de Barcelona|Universidad de Murcia
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using military records population censuses article investigates relationship sibship size biological living standards young males measured height focusing mediumsized industrial town catalonia analysis shows impact sibship size child outcomes hypothesised resource dilution explanation rather weak years first fertility transition sibship size affected height young males certain socioeconomic groups specific periods time always expected direction article also explores potential role confounding factors link sibship size height well complexity relationship
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https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00143-6
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Blasé N. Polite|Lucile L. Adams?Campbell|Otis W. Brawley|Nina A. Bickell|John M. Carethers|Christopher R. Flowers|Margaret Foti|Scarlett Lin Gomez|Jennifer J. Griggs|Christopher S. Lathan|Christopher I. Li|J. Leonard Lichtenfeld|Worta McCaskill?Stevens|Electra D. Paskett
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Charting the future of cancer health disparities research: A position statement from the American Association for Cancer Research, the American Cancer Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the National Cancer Institute
| 2,017 |
University of Chicago|Office of Minority Health|American Cancer Society|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Emory University|American Association For Cancer Research|Cancer Prevention Institute of California|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Harvard University|Fred Hutch Cancer Center|American Cancer Society|National Cancer Institute|The Ohio State University
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ca cancer journal clinicians publishes information prevention early detection treatment cancer well nutrition palliative care survivorship additional topics interest related cancer care
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https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319832394
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Andrea Mennicken|Wendy Nelson Espeland
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What's New with Numbers? Sociological Approaches to the Study of Quantification
| 2,019 |
London School of Economics and Political Science|Northwestern University
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calculation quantification critical features modern societies closely linked science markets administration past thirty years pace purpose scope quantification greatly expanded corresponding increase scholarship quantification offer assessment widely dispersed literature quantification across four domains quantification quantification scholarship particularly flourished administration democratic rule economics personal life seek stimulate crossdisciplinary debate exchange caution unifying accounts quantification highlight importance tracking quantification across different sites order appreciate essential ambiguity conduct systematic investigations interactions different quantification regimes
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-714
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Eric A. Hanushek
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Will more higher education improve economic growth?
| 2,016 | null |
calls expanded university education frequently based arguments graduates lead faster growth empirical analysis however support general proposition differences cognitive skillsthe knowledge capital countriescan explain differences growth rates across countries adding years schooling without increasing cognitive skills historically little systematic influence growth
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-9-8
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Sara N. Bleich|Keshia M. Pollack
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The publics' understanding of daily caloric recommendations and their perceptions of calorie posting in chain restaurants
| 2,010 |
Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University
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calorie posting chain restaurants received increasing attention policy lever reduce energy intake little research assessed consumer understanding overall daily energy requirements perceived effectiveness calorie posting phone survey conducted may 1 17 2009 663 randomly selected nationallyrepresentative adults aged 18 older including oversample blacks hispanics united states examine differences responses race ethnicity white black hispanic gender compared responses conducting chisquared tests differences proportions found americans knowledgeable energy requirements moderately active men 78 women 69 underestimated energy requirements inactive adults 60 whites significantly higher caloric literacy confidence caloric knowledge blacks hispanics p 005 compared counterparts blacks hispanics women reported significantly higher likelihood eating chain restaurant selecting lower calorie foods caloric information posted americans favored government requiring chain restaurants post calorie information menus point purchase 68 support government mandated calorie posting chain restaurants significantly higher among blacks hispanics women compared counterparts public divided mode caloric information would best help make lower calorie decision third favored number calories 35 current standard mode presenting caloric information chain restaurants third favored physical activity equivalent 26 third favored percentage total energy intake 39 mandating calorie posting chain restaurants may useful policy tool promoting energy balance particularly among blacks hispanics women higher obesity risk
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2010.07.003
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Angesom Hadush Desta
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Public Awareness and Practices of Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Community Towards Zoonotic <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Afar Regional State of North East Ethiopia
| 2,015 |
Samara University
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camel brucellosis represents major public health hazard affects social economic development various developing countries including pastoral areas ethiopiaa crosssectional study conducted determine public awareness attitude practices pastoralists agro pastoralists animal health assistants human health professionals towards zoonotic brucella infection region using questionnairea total 168 respondents 56 individuals district interviewedaccording logistic regression analysis literacy found statistically significant p005 association awareness community diseaseall respondents expressed consume raw milk use protective material handling parturient camels removing placenta andor aborted materialsonly 13 77 knowledge brucellosis 98 583 respondents family members fever unknown cause signs brucellosisduring study 40 animal health assistants participated almost knowledge zoonotic brucella infectionmoreover 112 human health professionals included study 14 125 knowledge zoonotic brucella infectionbut none ever diagnosed disease humans reason diagnosis problem lack facility attention given diseasethe questionnaire survey revealed knowledge gap community also human health professionals zoonotic brucella infection study areaseven though animal health assistants better awareness disease collaborate human health professionals create awareness community prevent diseasetherefore public education modern animal husbandry disease prevention risk zoonotic brucella infection imparted continuously
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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020303
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Birte Snilstveit|Emma Gallagher|Daniel R. Phillips|Martina Vojtkova|John Eyers|Dafni Skaldiou|Jennifer Stevenson|Ami Bhavsar|Philip Davies
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PROTOCOL: Interventions for improving learning outcomes and access to education in low? and middle?income countries: a systematic review
| 2,017 |
International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation|International Initiative for Impact Evaluation
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campbell systematic reviewsvolume 13 issue 1 p 182 protocolopen access protocol interventions improving learning outcomes access education low middleincome countries systematic review birte snilstveit corresponding author birte snilstveit senior evaluation specialist bsnilstveit3ieimpactorg 442079588352 international initiative impact evaluation 36 gordon square london wc1h 0pd united kingdomsearch papers authoremma gallagher emma gallagher research assistant international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authordaniel phillips daniel phillips evaluation specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authormartina vojtkova martina vojtkova evaluation specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorjohn eyers john eyers information specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authordafni skaldiou dafni skaldiou evaluation specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorjennifer stevenson jennifer stevenson research assistant international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorami bhavsar ami bhavsar research assistant international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorphilip davies philip davies deputy director international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers author birte snilstveit corresponding author birte snilstveit senior evaluation specialist bsnilstveit3ieimpactorg 442079588352 international initiative impact evaluation 36 gordon square london wc1h 0pd united kingdomsearch papers authoremma gallagher emma gallagher research assistant international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authordaniel phillips daniel phillips evaluation specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authormartina vojtkova martina vojtkova evaluation specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorjohn eyers john eyers information specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authordafni skaldiou dafni skaldiou evaluation specialist international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorjennifer stevenson jennifer stevenson research assistant international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorami bhavsar ami bhavsar research assistant international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers authorphilip davies philip davies deputy director international initiative impact evaluationsearch papers author first published 21 september 2017 httpsdoiorg101002cl2176citations 9aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinkedinredditwechat background problem condition issue education considered essential sustainable development fundamental human right stated article 26 universal declaration human rights un 2013a widespread consensus importance education human wellbeing glewwe kremer 2005 instance sen 1999 296 argues education direct relevance wellbeing freedom people well indirect role influencing social change economic production addition intrinsic value education research suggests positive relationships education economic growth earnings barro 1991 duflo 2000 psacharopoulos patrinos 2004 relationship becomes pronounced poorer countries psacharopoulos 1985 mankiw et al 1992 moreover various studies provided evidence link better education systems indicators human development including health status maternal infant mortality lower population growth lowered crime glewwe 2013 hillman jenkner 2004 hannum buchmann 2003 words individuals high levels education likely employed generate higher income overcome economic shocks maintain healthier families world bank 2011 substantial efforts made recent years improve access education low middleincome countries lmics significant progress uneven challenges remain instance net enrolment rate children primary school increased 82 90 per cent 1999 2010 un 2013b however improvements enrolment rates slowed considerably 2004 2010 61 million children primary school age still school half 33 million subsaharan africa unesco 2012 progress reducing number girls excluded education 58 per cent 1999 53 percent 2010 un 2012 girls still likely boys miss schooling girls participation rates remain lower boys 53 developing countries disparities particularly pronounced west asia subsaharan africa un 2012 increase primary education increased demand secondary education enrolment secondary school risen almost 10 percentage points last ten years world bank 2013 demand also presents challenge many countries however 71 million children lower secondary age 1215 years school worldwide un 2012 three four outofschool adolescents residing either subsaharan africa south west asia unesco 2012 adolescents disadvantaged backgrounds likely miss education poor rural households likely excluded girls likely attend lower secondary school boys un 2012 last decades much attention focused addressing issues related access education recently attention shifted towards improving quality education significant progress towards achieving education many countries promise schooling failed translate learning prichett 2013 children receive better education virtue school conditions enable learning also present petrosino et al 2012 pritchett 2013 glewwe 20133 argues enrolment final goal education policy ultimate goal prepare children better life adults studies measuring learning outcomes among school children across low middleincome countries find consistently low levels learning hundreds millions children leaving school without basic numeracy literacy skills prichett 2013 robinson 2011 unesco 2012 according education global monitoring report unesco 2013 around 250 million children lmics cannot read write basic maths problems number includes 130 million children actually enrolled primary school yet acquired basic skills leading commentators suggest global learning crisis robinson 2011 example 2010 annual assessment basic reading arithmetic skills 600000 children india conducted aser found many states 53 per cent children grade 5 able read grade 2 level text aser 2011 similarly uwezo learningassessment survey aiming determine level literacy numeracy across kenya tanzania uganda also highlight mayor gaps childrens learning uwezo 2013 recent report found less one third grade 3 children basic grade 2 level literacy numeracy skills two ten children still achieved level grade 7 assessments conducted southern eastern africa consortium monitoring educational quality sacmeq found around 27 per cent students took part assessments functionally illiterate meaning unable read short simple texts extract meaning spaull 2011 interventions improve access education learning outcomes response importance education international development proposed systematic review identify appraise analyse findings impact evaluations educational interventions low middleincome countries lmics past two decades range different interventions currently implemented address challenges associated ensuring children lmics access schooling gain sufficient skills knowledge realise benefits good education bring structure review broad range interventions specify types intervention include use framework classifying interventions based institutional setting follows similar approach one adopted sherman et al 2002 review evidence range different crime prevention interventions framework together provisional list description interventions falling category outlined childlevel interventions define childlevel interventions child settings interventions targeting children directly focusing improving ability benefit schooling incentives motivation investing time resources education interventions falling category include following 1 school feeding programmes typically aim improve general health children provide safety net vulnerable food insecure families improve childrens ability learn jomaa et al 2011 interventions fall two categories traditional school feeding programme children provided meals school takehome ration programmes children provided food school take home family lawson 2012 many cases food provided fortified supplemented order give additional nutritional benefits jomaa et al 2011 school feeding programmes often targeted towards families communities food insecure low incomes food school feeding programmes procured variety different ways recently focus using local produce 2 schoolbased health programs include interventions prevent treat illness delivered children school example intervention deworming programme busia district kenya provided children schools free deworming treatment treatment delivered nurses public health workers local schools also combined course wormprevention classes provision wall charts teacher training worm prevention miguel kremer 2003 examples include provision micronutrients children kleimanweiner et al 2013 eye tests followed provision eyeglasses et al 2013 3 providing information children potential future benefits education terms income employment social status thought increase school participation enrolment continuation students underestimate actual returns education nguyen 2008 interventions type typically involve providing information students future potential returns schooling information presented various ways including teachers external presenters disseminating statistics average earnings level education interventions make use role models share experience education current achievements children programs using combination channels nguyen 2008 4 meritbased scholarships aim improve learning outcomes rewarding high performing students scholarships continue study mcewan 2013 example intervention kenya provided scholarships girls performed well 6th grade exams programme awarded top 15 per cent students grade grant cover school fees two years also cash sum used school supplies thereby intending provide girls incentive perform well school kremer et al 2009 householdlevel interventions define education interventions taking place household level initiatives aiming reduce remove financial household level barriers education well programmes providing incentives motivation households invest time resources education children programmes delivered governments nongovernmental organisations religious organisations international organisations education interventions implemented level typically fall following categories outlined 1 interventions reducing costs cash transfers typically divided unconditional cash transfers ucts conditional cash transfers ccts ucts provide small cash sums households increase income cash transfer conditional particular behaviour school enrolment attendance baird et al 2013 ccts hand provide cash sums households conditional certain behaviours attending school increased household income supposed reduce prohibitive costs potential benefit parents sending children work rather school 2 interventions reducing costs programmes providing scholarships allowances households aim cover costs associated education including school fees uniforms books scholarships different meritbased scholarships directed household rather child provided regardless performance scholarship programs provided students facilitate attendance times economic shocks case indonesia asian financial crisis cameron 2009 common scholarships targeted groups students risk nonenrolment drop lower income students case cambodia filmer schady 2009 girls case western kenya friedman et al 2011 scholarships provided household targeted using different mechanism costreducing interventions instance household income primarily focused improving access education reducing costs household 3 interventions reducing costs programmes reducing eliminating school user fees aim improve access schooling direct user fees including payments tuition uniforms textbooks parentteacher association contributions common many lmics morgan et al 2012 interventions reduce eliminate school user fees include removing direct costs schooling instance providing school uniforms free elimination tuition fees done many african countries last decades bentaouetkattan 2006 tuition fees may universally removed rolled gradually targeted towards particularly vulnerable groups morgan et al 2012 4 interventions providing information parents aim improve schooling outcomes changing parents behaviour way information provided may detail performance children instance use report cards provide parents information benefits future returns education may also include information overall performance school parents may question results demand better performance teachers dissemination information economic benefits schooling typically involves providing information either parents students future potential returns schooling sharing concrete information economic benefits staying school enables parents students update perceptions based accurate data change behaviour accordingly nguyen 2009 jensen 2010 instance programme rural madagascar arranged parentteacher meetings give families grade 4 students statistical information economic benefits education parents also met role model educated person high income local area shared personal experience schooling impact lives nguyen 2009 interventions aim empower parents enlightening childs academic performance quality local schooling instance learning education achievement pakistan schools leap project gave parents two report cards 112 randomly selected rural communities pakistan one detailing childs test scores ranking compared children ranking schools village performance andrabi 2009 schoollevel interventions define education interventions taking place school level initiatives aiming improve quality teaching learning environment include interventions providing physical inputs changes teaching delivered typically programme may include combination components programmes delivered governments nongovernmental organisations religious organisations international organisations education interventions implemented level typically fall following categories 1 instructional approach content time organisation interventions include broad range programmes aim adapt improve educational content methods taught time available instruction includes instance interventions introducing new curriculum innovative specialised methods computerassisted learning multigrade teaching instance computerassisted learning use technologies classroom widely implemented means tailoring learning students individual needs kremer 2013 interventions introduce multigrade teaching approach involve shift instructional approach curriculum materials suit settings two grades combined little 2004 tailored reading programmes introduce innovative methods new materials classroom setting abeberese 2007 remedial classes tutoring target children seen need tailored additional content banerjee et al 2007 increase instructional time aims increase instructional contact time ultimately improve learning outcomes nectl 2000 2 new schools infrastructure interventions typically include building school area one previously rehabilitating existing facilities category may also include providing access clean water drinking washing safe waste disposal separate toilets girls remove health related barriers schooling well tackle incidents harassment humiliation school toilets birdthistle et al 2011 3 interventions providing materials assist teachers facilitate learning improve educational quality interventions include intervention providing traditional hardware material books chalkboards classroom equipment instance school assistance program sap funded dutch nonprofit organisation international christelijk steunfonds ics provided english maths science text books primary school children kenya glewwe et al 2009 teacherlevel interventions define teacherlevel interventions interventions targeting teachers directly interventions include designed hire additional teachers increase teacherstudent ratios interventions designed provide teachers new skills provide performancerelated incentives increase accountability interventions falling category include following 1 interventions providing teacher incentives promoting accountability seek improve working conditions schools teachers motivated come work improve performance interventions take many forms providing direct payments teachers based attendance based achievement students glewwe et al 2008 instance programme india offered teachers cash bonus linked pupils performance independent tests muralidharan sundararaman 2009 similarly programme kenya offered primaryschool teachers inkind rewards based pupils exam scores glewwe et al 2010 alternatively interventions provide monetary incentives infrastructural ones improvements school facilities classroom learning materials guerreo et al 2012 interventions may use monitoring order keep track teachers performance monitoring may undertaken school principals external assessors community members guerreo et al 2012 2 training teachers help schools improve quality instruction offer targeted tuition children falling behind training interventions vary widely include initial training underqualified untrained teachers general professional development training inservice subjectspecific interventions focusing pedagogy subjectspecific interventions focusing ict wider training programmes designed inform teachers changes curriculum orr et al 2013 3 hiring additional teachers mean posts new schools filled existing schools expand teacherpupil ratios increased recruitment local untrained teachers fixedterm contracts become increasingly popular kingdon et al 2012 india one intervention provided training secondary school graduates teach students government schools lagging behind peers core competencies banerjee et al 2007 contract teachers typically paid lower rate permanent teachers muralidharan sundararaman 2013 may hired national government local government ngos parents associations kingdon et al 2012 systemlevel interventions define category interventions aiming improve education changes education system either community local government districtstate national level interventions taking place level primarily related management governance financing education nature interventions typically implemented governments although nongovernmental organisations religious organisations international organisations may involved delivery education interventions implemented level typically fall categories outlined drawing glewwe kremer 2005 1 decentralisation local community participation interventions implemented response perceived failures centralised education systems core initiatives decentralisation decision making authority local levels greater involvement communities making decisions monitoring service providers intervention components interventions vary two commonly used modalities include schoolbased management community monitoring outlined schoolbased management sbm interventions involve decentralising authority school level improve quality school administration leadership sbm programmes may involve handing decisionmaking example budget staffing curriculum development teachers parents students community members barreraosorio 2009 example school management initiative hong kong gave school committees authority staffing devising curriculum well financial matters aiming create greater flexibility school finance increase accountability encourage collaborative decision making ibid committees may also devise school improvement plans receive funds finance implementation plans education quality improvement project cambodia encouraged school committees identify schools needs suggest improvements carry reforms using cash grants ministry education wdr 2004 types intervention may also foster greater accountability parents community increasing capacity demand improved services although always include participatory component b communitybased monitoring accountability interventions seek improve representation communities service providers governments public bodies operate westhorp et al 2013 interventions type used many sectors including education aim facilitate increased accountability service providers service users ibid example community based monitoring intervention education sector use newspaper campaign provide public information education expenditure uganda reinikka svensson 2004 effort reduce corruption ugandan government instigated newspaper campaign published information amount funds allocated district national local newspapers allowed parents head teachers others access information school grants area complain actual amounts received schools incorrect untimely 2 public private partnerships private provision schooling may seek increase parents students choice provide supply schooling none improve quality education provided barreraosorio et al 2009 private schools may run profit nonprofit faithbased organisations range different mechanisms implemented facilitate access private education school choice children poorer households instance school vouchers finance school tuition fees payments made government parent school chosen parent implemented range countries including colombia morgan et al 2013 pakistan program attempting induce creation private schools subsidised fellowship program girls alderman et al 2003 intervention might work depicted figure 1 complex set determinants influence access schooling quality education learning including individual school level wider sociocultural context economic factors household context presence parents work commitments parents children number children education health household members language used home distance children must travel school important impact likelihood children enrolling attending learning households must also ability deal direct costs school fees indirect costs school uniforms travel opportunity cost sending child school able cope income shocks factors also linked wider contextual factors including sociocultural attitudes toward education general gender local economic conditions safety security school attendance school infrastructure materials teaching resources pedagogical approaches fundamental determining quality access schooling educational system governance leadership determine institutional setting schooling takes place function wider national policy budget expectations figure 1 determinants educationopen figure viewerpowerpoint interventions included review aim influence one determinants draw range theoretical underpinnings aim achieve objectives means series contrasting pathways mechanisms one review objectives describe explore interventions work thus provide detailed discussions programme theories interventions protocol rather outl
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-84
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Maren Duvendack|Philip Mader
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Impact of financial inclusion in low? and middle?income countries: A systematic review of reviews
| 2,019 |
University of East Anglia|University of Sussex|Institute of Development Studies
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campbell systematic reviewsvolume 15 issue 12 e1012 systematic reviewopen access impact financial inclusion low middleincome countries systematic review reviews maren duvendack corresponding author maren duvendack mduvendackueaacuk school international development university east anglia norwich nr4 7tj uk correspondence maren duvendack university east anglia school international development norwich research park norwich nr4 7tj uk email mduvendackueaacuk philip mader institute development studies library road university sussex brighton east sussex bn19re uk email pmaderidsacuksearch papers authorphilip mader corresponding author philip mader pmaderidsacuk institute development studies university sussex brighton east sussex bn19re uk correspondence maren duvendack university east anglia school international development norwich research park norwich nr4 7tj uk email mduvendackueaacuk philip mader institute development studies library road university sussex brighton east sussex bn19re uk email pmaderidsacuksearch papers author maren duvendack corresponding author maren duvendack mduvendackueaacuk school international development university east anglia norwich nr4 7tj uk correspondence maren duvendack university east anglia school international development norwich research park norwich nr4 7tj uk email mduvendackueaacuk philip mader institute development studies library road university sussex brighton east sussex bn19re uk email pmaderidsacuksearch papers authorphilip mader corresponding author philip mader pmaderidsacuk institute development studies university sussex brighton east sussex bn19re uk correspondence maren duvendack university east anglia school international development norwich research park norwich nr4 7tj uk email mduvendackueaacuk philip mader institute development studies library road university sussex brighton east sussex bn19re uk email pmaderidsacuksearch papers author first published 23 july 2019 httpsdoiorg104073csr20192citations 21 linked article protocol plain language summary campbell website aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinkedinredditwechat 1 plain language summary 11 financial inclusion interventions small inconsistent impacts wide range financial inclusion programmes seek increase poor peoples access financial services enhance welfare poor lowincome households low middleincome countries impacts financial inclusion interventions small variable although services positive effects people overall financial inclusion may better comparable alternatives graduation livelihoods interventions 12 review financial inclusion programmes seek increase access financial services credit savings insurance money transfers allow poor lowincome households low middleincome countries enhance welfare grasp opportunities mitigate shocks ultimately escape poverty systematic review reviews assesses evidence economic social behavioural genderrelated outcomes financial inclusion aim review systematic review reviews systematically collects appraises existing metastudiesthat systematic reviews metaanalysesof impact financial inclusion authors first analyse strength methods used metastudies synthesize findings sufficient quality finally report implications policy programming practice research arising evidence eleven studies included analysis 13 main findings review 131 studies included review includes studies synthesise findings studies metastudies regarding impacts range financial inclusion interventions economic social gender behavioural outcomes total 32 metastudies identified 11 sufficient methodological quality included final analysis review examined metastudies 2010 onwards spanned globe terms geographical coverage impacts likely positive negative effects vary often mixed appear transformative scope scale largely occur early stages causal chain effects overall effects financial services core economic poverty indicators incomes assets spending health status social outcomes small inconsistent moreover evidence meaningful behaviourchange outcomes leading positive effects effects financial services womens empowerment appear generally positive depend upon programme features often peripheral unrelated financial service education rights cultural geographical context aspects empowerment considered accessing savings opportunities appears small much consistently positive effects poor people bears fewer downside risks clients credit large number metastudies included final analysis voiced concerns low quality primary evidence base formed basis syntheses raises concerns reliability overall findings metastudies 14 findings review mean systematic review reviews draws largestever evidence base financial inclusion impacts weak effects found warn unrealistic hype financial inclusion previously happened microcredit substantial evidence gaps notably studies sufficient duration measure higherlevel impacts take time materialise specific outcomes debt levels indebtedness patterns link macroeconomic development study first review reviews published campbell collaboration important limitations encountered working level systematisation recommended authors primary studies metastudies engage critically study quality ensure better detailed reporting concepts data methods methods guidance clearer reporting standards social science international development context would helpful 15 uptodate review review authors searched studies november 2017 updating elements searches january 2018 campbell systematic review published january 2019 2 executive summaryabstract 21 background financial inclusion presently one widely recognised areas activity international development financial inclusion initiatives built upon donors experience microfinance displaced superseded microfinance interventions recent years encompassing agenda financial services poverty alleviation development financial inclusion policymakers donors hope access financial services including credit savings insurance money transfers provided variety financial service providers microfinance institutions mfis subset allow poor lowincome households low middleincome countries enhance welfare grasp opportunities mitigate shocks ultimately escape poverty another hope increased access financial services advance macroeconomic development also expected benefit poorlowincome households recently donors suggested behavioural changes household spending decisions desired outcomes access financial services well unlike previous systematic reviews focused microfinance interventions subsets thereof explicitly adopt broader scope review available systematic review metaanalysis evidence financial inclusion whole field systematic reviews metaanalyses short metastudies sought clarify impacts financial inclusion poor people low middleincome countries based array different underlying studies include quantitative qualitative work based longterm shortterm data bulk metastudies focused microfinance many specifically microcredit different quality approaches metastudies studies underlying however pose major challenge policymakers programme managers practitioners assessing benefits drawbacks financebased approaches poverty alleviation increasingly confusion impacts risk cherry picking among different findings many metastudies taking account missing primary studies would affect understanding evidence example analysing reporting gendered impacts recently primary studies also sought understand impacts financial inclusion initiatives broadly systematic review evidence yet progressed far microfinance 22 objectives objective systematic review reviews systematically collect appraise existing metastudies financial inclusion impacts analyse strength methods used synthesise findings metastudies report implications policy programming practice research systematic reviews reviews undertaken sectors evidence widely available nonexistent international development systematic review reviews thus provides opportunity develop pilot evidence synthesis approach sector large body evidence variable quality systematic appraisal synthesis body systematic reviews metaanalyses lacking study critically engages approaches systematic reviews reviews view developing systematic review review methods aims answer following questions gain better clarity financial inclusion impacts impacts known existing metastudies social economic behavioural poverty impacts different types inclusive financial services eg credit savings insurance money transfers regardless provider poor lowincome people low middleincome countries includes poverty impacts macroeconomic development extent results financial inclusion known existing metastudies gendered impacts different types financial inclusion activity eg credit savings insurance money transfersin words evidence tell us gendered participation affects interventions effects whether ways financial services empower women low middleincome countries known existing metastudies reasons financial services uptake participant views financial services offer methodology including using gender equity lens methods standards metastudies used draw conclusions studies reviewed difference choice methods standards make results could methods standards improved order draw robust reliable conclusions via metastudies 23 search methods adopt multipronged search strategy explored seven bibliographic databases identify published literature plus wide range institutional websites published unpublished literature backreferencing recent systematic reviews ensure additional sources identified addition snowballing approach adopted advisory board plus leading authors working financial inclusion topics consulted ensure key studies missed also ran citation searches included systematic reviews metaanalyses google scholar scopus web science identify recent systematic reviews metaanalyses retrieved database searches restrictions placed language papers searches limited 2010 onwards 24 selection criteria adopted following selection criteria establish study inclusion exclusion 241 types reviews include studies selfidentify systematic reviews metaanalyses impacts financial inclusion including limited microfinance turn focused synthesising quantitative qualitative mixed methods evidence 242 types participants population population participants inclusive finance activities low middleincome countries 243 types interventions include metastudies address least one types intervention financial inclusion key intervention must fundamentally financial service directed poor lowincome people cases find interventions one subcategories microfinance credit savings insurance leasing andor money transfers however search strategy explicitly targets broader range inclusive finance activities including mobile monies mobile payments systems index insurance savings promotion 244 types outcome measures metastudies capturing wide range poverty indicators including income assets expenditure personal networks genderempowerment wellbeing health etc included metastudies screened two research assistants independently two review authors independently reviewing metastudy marked inclusion full texts obtained screened decision could made arbitration procedure place case disagreements 25 data collection analysis total 32 metastudies identified completing screening process however 11 assessed sufficient methodological quality included final analysis note large number metastudies voiced concerns low quality primary evidence base formed basis syntheses turn raises concerns reliability overall findings presented review level combining wide range low quality studies systematic reviews aggregate findings risky coding tool developed extract data included metastudies following areas interest 1 context 2 type intervention 3 type review design methods used 4 outcome measures 5 quality assessment 6 study results findings data extracted metastudy level however metastudies classified high mediumconfidence necessary also extracted information primary study level synthesis results guided theorybased mixed methods synthesis approach focus narrative synthesis incorporates quantitative elements appropriate 26 results five 11 medium highconfidence metastudies reviewed drew largely positive conclusions relationship financial services access changes poor people six drew largely mixed neutral unclear conclusions detailed review evidence base uncovered nuanced picture reflecting large variations across effects different interventions different people different contexts findings across reviews heterogeneous often inconsistent within across reviews many reviews find evidence expected presumed impacts present highlevel evidence suggest financial inclusion initiatives transformative effects average financial services may even meaningful net positive effect poor lowincome users although services positive effects people overall find impacts likely positive negative effects vary often mixed appear transformative scope scale largely occur early stages causal chain effects financial services core economic poverty indicators incomes assets spending small inconsistent effects financial services womens empowerment appear generally positive depend upon programme features often peripheral unrelated financial service instance exposure womens rights context aspects empowerment considered assessment confounded difficulty consistently conceptualising measuring empowerment effects credit financial services health status social outcomes appear small nonexistent evidence meaningful behaviourchange outcomes leading positive effects accessing savings opportunities appears small much consistently positive effects poor people bears fewer downside risks clients credit many primary studies included metastudies analysed depth medium even high risk bias due study design poor reporting methodology causes metastudies highlighted mainly higher risk bias studies drive positive impact estimates findings thus broadly confirm stainless steel law evidence rigorous lower risk bias studies become less likely find effects applies reviews underlying primary evidence reviewed given reviews classified lower methodological quality likely report positive effects must treat positive findings caution summary almost effect sizes find quite small hardly indicative transformative changes financial inclusion found dominantly lowerorder intermediate outcomes many effects strongly heterogeneous across studies time places populations gender ethnicity interventions suggests unreliable andor contextdependent positive findings tend repeat one context intervention type study another least many findings mixed inconclusive positive result positive results found financial inclusion fragile need treated caution exception appears regard savings immediate outcomes wider poverty measures affected positive relatively small way however base mainly findings one high confidence metaanalysis steinert et al 2018 savings revolution going savings least appear good harm 27 authors conclusions taken evolution financial inclusion impact literature toward natural conclusion higher level evidence systematisation provide overview become increasingly perplexing array metastudies offer partial overviews reviewing reviews drawn likely largestever evidence base financial inclusion impacts uncovered strengths gaps weaknesses existing highlevel evidence hope reduced amount confusion uncertainty arising many different metastudies financial inclusion published recent years least thanks systematic assessment variations quality within field perhaps boring truth seems emerge financial inclusion changing world average financial services may even meaningful net positive effect poor lowincome users although services positive effects people considering people financial services whether access use one among many possible determinants life chances socioeconomic wellbeing finding ought unexpected anticipate confirmed future research potential actual impacts financial inclusion need viewed comparable interventions graduation livelihoodsenhancement programmes note fortunately findings regarding impact chime emerging realism around microfinance including donor community recognising erstwhile claims transformative impact unrealistic hype microfinance particularly microcredit overblown welcome newfound realism wish encourage help review provide systematic overview evidence well areas doubt evidence base time wished going stages hype cycleenthusiasm inflated expectations disillusionmenthad necessary order arrive must warn see similar hype strong claims emerging around much encompassing notion financial inclusion promise marrying macrostructural economic improvements microstructural poverty relief found evidence wider claims made beneficence financial inclusion offering poor people better service broader macrostructural effects truer made microfinance large part due lack appropriate research metastudy level strongly caution repeating hype cycle time around idea financial inclusion time think crucial bear mind alternative financial inclusion nothing rather necessary uncover kinds interventions work best best deliver policy research spaceand ultimately poor lowincome people themselveswould benefit open clearsighted discussion many valid alternatives financial inclusion programming best gain necessary evidence inform discussion end review also includes brief examination impact evidence graduation livelihoods programmes terms evidence gaps noteworthy none metastudies reviewed high medium lowconfidence managed assess debt levels indebtedness patterns depth outcome financial inclusion cannot comment reasons lack attention paid issue except aware also blind spot underlying primary studies find glaring omission financial inclusion literature whole believe political economy research funding needs shift researchers enabled encouraged rigorously explore important potential downsides risks development initiatives like financial inclusion furthermore found evidence among high medium lowconfidence metastudies claim financial inclusion interventions lead macroeconomic development subsequent improvements lives poor may argument become prominent recent years also much attention given among high medium lowconfidence metastudies serviceamenitiesrelated programmes water credit sanitation loans loans micro solar systems especially notion green microfinance microfinance applied promote environmental sustainability moreover given majority financial inclusion effects found assessing high mediumconfidence studies early stages causal chain need studies better capture longterm effects demonstrate meaningful impacts especially final stages causal chain vast majority studies metastudies reviewed duration 13 years studies likelier find changes behaviours attitudes rather structural changes peoples poverty status safe assume latter result former design studies underlying metastudies reviewed conducive establishing whether shortterm immediate outcomes financial knowledge entrepreneurial propensity would translate intermediate outcomes savings accumulation microenterprise income especially distal transformative outcomes higher net worth higher incomes would suggest also reflects problem political economy development research combination funder restrictions favouring shorter timelines multiyear projects difficulty gaining longterm support implementer organisations discouraging appropriate designs also encountered important limitations working level systematisation including difficulties assessing reliability levels evidence underlying analysing effect sizes presented standardised indexed form often reveal little underlying measures used different ways data analysed findings presented across different types metastudies crude categories intervention outcome types lumping together highly diverse evidence base muddies waters another problem encountered metastudies reviewed regardless quality often built relatively weak underlying base underlying studies making findings fragile put differently combining wide range low quality studies systematic reviews aggregate findings risky perhaps analogous behaviour financial institutions runup 2008 financial crisis pooling dubious individual assets subprime mortgages loans triplea structured financial products seemingly better aggregate results going forward would recommend authors primary studies metastudies engage critically study quality ensure better detailed reporting concepts data methods used systematic review review level methods guidance especially terms synthesis approaches clearer reporting standards adapt cochrane healthfocused guidance social science international development context would helpful 3 background 31 problem condition issue financial inclusion presently one widely recognised areas activity international development 2017 globally 17 billion adults counted unbanked account financial institution mobile money provider 515 million adults worldwide opened account 2014 2017 demirgckunt klapper singer ansar hess 2018 p 24 adults may unbanked reasons including unaffordability inaccessibility financial services low quality choice financial inclusion refers efforts deliver affordable financial servicestransactions payments savings credit insuranceto people responsible sustainable way financial exclusion often blamed inequalities including access economic opportunities lack security exacerbated exposure risk carbo gardener molyneux 2005 p 57 expectation underlying financial inclusion greater access financial services create povertyalleviating empowering effects according united nations secretarygenerals special advocate inclusive finance development effect transforming lives unsgsa 2017 financial inclusion policymakers donors hope access financial services including credit savings insurance money transfers provided variety financial service providers mfis subset allow poor lowincome households low middleincome countrie
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.08.006
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Rebecca Stone|Thomas de Hoop|Andrea Coombes|Pooja Nakamura
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What works to improve early grade literacy in Latin America and the Caribbean? A systematic review and meta?analysis
| 2,019 |
American Institutes for Research|American Institutes for Research|American Institutes for Research|American Institutes for Research
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campbell systematic reviewsvolume 16 issue 1 e1067 systematic reviewopen access works improve early grade literacy latin america caribbean systematic review metaanalysis rebecca stone corresponding author rebecca stone rstoneairorg american institutes research washington district columbia correspondence rebecca stone american institutes research 1000 thomas jefferson street nw washington dc 20007 email rstoneairorgsearch papers authorthomas de hoop thomas de hoop american institutes research washington district columbiasearch papers authorandrea coombes andrea coombes american institutes research washington district columbiasearch papers authorpooja nakamura pooja nakamura american institutes research washington district columbiasearch papers author rebecca stone corresponding author rebecca stone rstoneairorg american institutes research washington district columbia correspondence rebecca stone american institutes research 1000 thomas jefferson street nw washington dc 20007 email rstoneairorgsearch papers authorthomas de hoop thomas de hoop american institutes research washington district columbiasearch papers authorandrea coombes andrea coombes american institutes research washington district columbiasearch papers authorpooja nakamura pooja nakamura american institutes research washington district columbiasearch papers author first published 30 december 2019 httpsdoiorg101002cl21067citations 4 linked article plain language summary campbell website aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinkedinredditwechat 1 plain language summary 11 early grade literacy egl interventions latin america caribbean lac effective certain conditions children across world acquiring basic reading math skills despite increases primary school enrollment attendance teacher training nutrition programs lac effective improving egl overall may certain conditions technology schools detrimental learning outcomes programs focus technology 12 review approximately 250 million children across world acquiring basic reading math skills even though 50 spent least 4 years school educational policies egl lac region long suffered disjuncture school practice research review examines effectiveness fidelity implementation various programs implemented lac region aim improve egl outcomes including teacher training school feeding computeraided instruction nutrition technologyineducation aim review campbell systematic review summarizes findings 107 studies inform policy egl lac region 13 studies included review includes four types egl studies lac region 1 quantitative interventions 23 studies 2 qualitative interventions 6 studies 3 quantitative noninterventions 61 studies 4 qualitative noninterventions 14 studies 14 main findings review overall programs statistically significant effects egl outcomes instances programs may positive negative effects example teacher training show positive effects egl outcomes study chile showed teacher training possibly positively affect egl outcomes highincome economies well implemented complemented sustained coaching similarly nutrition programs improve egl outcomes however study guatemala showed positive effects egl possibly guatemala high rates stunting wasting although statistically significant effect technologyineducation programs egl outcomes lac region study peru showed distribution laptops children adverse effects particularly complemented additional programs studies showed phonemic awareness phonics fluency comprehension associated reading ability furthermore poverty child labor negatively correlated egl outcomes finding supports result nutrition programs may effective settings high rates stunting wasting finally quality preschool promoting social learning positively associated egl outcomes 15 findings review mean teacher training nutrition technologyineducation programs average show positive effects egl outcomes lac region however several factors could potentially enable positive impacts include combining teacher training coaching targeting school feeding nutrition programs lowincome countries high rates stunting wasting combining technologyineducation programs strong focus pedagogical practices review also identifies opportunities improving design implementation egl programs studies support need teach phonological awareness pa skills early caution required considering small evidencebase lac region evidence also supports investing preschool quality wellimplemented teacher training finally ministries education lowincome countries high rates stunting wasting could consider investing programs improve nutrition outcomes students caution needed interpreting findings since evidence base works improve egl outcomes lac region weak indications publication bias 16 uptodate review review authors searched studies published february 2016 2 executive summary 21 background improvements students learning achievement lagged behind low middleincome countries despite significant progress school enrollment numbers approximately 250 million children across world acquiring basic reading math skills even though 50 spent least 4 years school united nations educational scientific cultural organization unesco 2014 world development report world bank 2018 presents evidence showing learning unlikely improve unless quality factor improves lac region experienced positive trends educational outcomes last decade including improved egl outcomes thirdgrade students majority countries however educational policies egl lac region long suffered disjuncture school practice research result policy makers pedagogy curriculum specialists stakeholders region unable determine highquality research works improving egl outcomes reason unable shape policy practice programs evidencedriven manner 22 objectives systematic review examines effectiveness various programs implemented lac region aim improve egl outcomes including teacher training school feeding computeraided instruction programs emphasis nutrition technology education programs addition assess fidelity implementation programs aim improve egl outcomes well factors predict egl outcomes finally examine experiences perspectives various stakeholders egl lac region specifically review addressed following research questions 1 impact reading programs practices policies products aimed improving reading skills children birth grade 3 reading outcomes lac region 2 factors predict reading outcomes children birth grade 3 3 factors contribute improving reading outcomes children birth grade 3 23 search methods searched electronic databases gray literature relevant journals institutional websites performed keyword hand searches requested recommendations key stakeholders search conducted july august 2015 finalized search february 2016 addition used novel computational approaches specifically wikilabeling maximize comprehensiveness review 24 selection criteria review includes studies relevant literacy children early grades lac region literature included studies emphasis education studies focus enabling factors linked education programs reading outcomes example included studies focus nutrition may indirectly influence reading outcomes developed theory change identify enabling factors answer research questions included four study types first types experimental multivariate nonexperimental studies include control comparison group defined studies quantitative intervention studies included studies determine impact specific programs egl outcomes second study type consists qualitatively oriented studies focus interventions studies usually emphasize process program implementation experiences beneficiaries performance program defined studies qualitative intervention studies third study type emphasizes predictors reading outcomes focus effects specific program defined studies quantitative nonintervention studies included studies increase understanding intermediate outcomes ability predict reading outcomes fourth included qualitative studies discuss literacy lac region include emphasis specific program defined studies qualitative nonintervention studies 25 data collection analysis systematically coded information studies included review critically appraised conducted statistical metaanalysis sensitivity analysis using data extracted quantitative experimental quasiexperimental studies also used narrative synthesis techniques synthesize findings qualitative studies studies focused predictors literacy outcomes 26 results included 107 studies focus egl lac region initial searches resulted 9696 articles following manual review abstracts left total 164 studies underwent fulltext review phase additional 57 articles removed relevant resulting 107 studies included final review 107 included articles comprised quantitative intervention research quantitative nonintervention research qualitative intervention research qualitative nonintervention research included 23 articles studies experimental quasiexperimental focus effects specific development programs egl outcomes three 23 articles cardosomartins mesquita ehri 2011 larran strasser lissi 2012 vivas 1996 covered two distinct studies bringing number quantitative intervention studies included 26 also included 61 quantitative studies emphasis egl outcomes emphasize specific intervention 14 qualitative studies without focus specific intervention six qualitative studies focused specific intervention studies included review evidence published journal articles came either mexico south america significantly fewer articles central america caribbean almost articles published english spanish 90 articles focused high uppermiddleincome countries found quantitative intervention studies low risk bias 26 included studies seven rated low risk selection bias five rated medium risk selection bias eight rated high risk selection bias furthermore 11 studies rated low risk performance bias seven studies rated medium risk performance bias eight studies rated high risk performance bias rated 14 studies low risk outcome analysis reporting bias five studies medium risk outcome analysis reporting bias seven studies high risk outcome analysis reporting bias finally rated 17 studies low risk biases eight studies medium risk biases one study high risk biases metaanalyses show average statistically significant effects development programs egl outcomes narrative synthesis limited number highquality quantitative intervention studies show examples development programs may positive effects egl outcomes specific circumstances contexts example metaanalysis focused teacher training show positive effects egl outcomes 95 confidence interval ci 017 048 evidence two programs however study chile showed teacher training programs possibly positively affect egl outcomes highincome economies well implemented complemented sustained coaching teachers pallante kim 2013 addition metaanalysis focused nutrition programs show positive effects egl outcomes 95 ci 008 025 evidence two programs however study guatemala showed evidence nutrition programs positive effects egl outcomes contexts stunting wasting high hoddinott et al 2013 average also find statistically significant effects technology education programs egl outcomes lac region smd 001 95 ci 013 010 evidence three studies however study peru showed distribution laptops children adverse effects egl outcomes particularly distribution laptops complemented additional programs cristia ibarrarn cueto santiago severn 2012 findings quantitative nonintervention studies indicate phonemic awareness phonics fluency comprehension associated reading ability research also indicates poverty child labor negatively correlated egl outcomes finding importance poverty socioeconomic factors egl outcomes supports quantitative intervention result nutrition programs may effective improving egl outcomes contexts high rates stunting wasting finally quantitative nonintervention studies show quality preschool positively associated egl outcomes qualitative quantitative studies indicated consideration context key improving reading outcomes frequently discussed topic qualitative nonintervention articles need promote social learning improve egl found indications publication bias studies focus effects teacher practices parental involvement information communication technology ict programs egl outcomes lac region possible studies focus egl lac region published find statistically significant effects 27 authors conclusions review highlighted several important implications practice policy related rollout design potential impact education programs aim improve egl outcomes lac region first quantitative evidence suggests teacher training nutrition technology education programs average show positive effects egl outcomes lac region however quantitative narrative synthesis shows several factors could potentially enable positive impacts programs egl outcomes factors include combining teacher training teacher coaching targeting school feeding nutrition programs lowincome countries high rates stunting wasting combining technology education programs strong focus pedagogical practices however evidencebase small derive strong conclusions ability components improve egl outcomes lac region second systematic review identified promising opportunities improving design implementation education programs aim improve egl outcomes found evidence strong correlation pa reading ability addition studies focused importance pa phonics help students become strong decoders findings suggest need teach pa skills early caution required considering small evidencebase lac region third review suggests resources may potentially need focused enhancing quality preschools wellimplemented teacher training findings review suggest teacher training could possibly enhance reading outcomes training complemented sustained teacher coaching evidencebase however small derive strong conclusions effects teacher training preschools fourth ministries education lowincome countries high rates stunting wasting could consider potentially investing programs improve nutrition outcomes students order improve egl outcomes efforts may less effective middle highincome countries however evidence needed derive strong conclusions effects programs aim improve nutrition egl outcomes general evidence base works improve egl outcomes lac region weak found small number studies present credible estimates impact development programs egl outcomes majority studies suffer either medium high risk selection bias medium high risk performance bias furthermore found indications publication bias studies focus effects teacher practices parental involvement egl outcomes lac region 3 background 31 problem condition issue evidence global learning crisis berry barnett hinton 2015 nakamura de hoop holla 2019 pritchett sandefur 2013 school enrollment improved egl math assessment data shown high zero scores literacy assessments many low middleincome countries eg annual status education report aser 2013 egra data nd findings latest world development report education highlight educational outcomes affected directly quality school inputs school management teachers well education preparedness learners theory improvements quality one factors could result improvements learning outcomes however world development report world bank 2018 presents evidence demonstrating learning unlikely improve unless quality factor improves systematic review snilstveit et al 2012 also argues education programs unlikely improve learning outcomes unless ease one constraint lac region composed 40 countries territories two continents five different official languages english spanish french dutch portuguese many regional languages region experienced positive trends educational outcomes last decade including improvements pupilteacher ratios increases percentage trained teachers unesco 2014 p 8 improved egl outcomes thirdgrade students majority countries see figure 1 figure 1open figure viewerpowerpoint change mean scores thirdgrade reading 20062013 1 changes shown blue black statistically significant 2 mean score region includes countries graph equal weight source latin american childrens reading skills improving highlights second third regional comparative explanatory studies serce terce washington dc american institutes research p 15 reprinted permission however still find great disparities among poor rural indigenous disadvantaged groups region addition one four third graders performed poorly categorized lowest level reading test 5 third graders performed well categorized achieving highest levels reading figure 2 depicts challenges demonstrating still significant number third graders scoring lowest levels reading fact 60 thirdgrade students achieved basic reading skills levels 1 2 figure 2open figure viewerpowerpoint percentage third graders scoring level 1 reading 2013 1 lowest levels include level 1 2 mean score region includes countries except cuba el salvador honduras equal weights 3 cubas el salvadors scores 2006 source latin american childrens reading skills improving highlights second third regional comparative explanatory studies serce terce washington dc american institutes research p 19 reprinted permission many reasons explain poor literacy outcomes region one key potential reasons lack evidencebased training preparation support teachers according bruns luque 2015 seven million teachers lac critical actors regions efforts improve education quality raise student learning levels lag far behind oecd countries east asian countries china reasons cite low standards entry teacher training poor quality training programs removed realities classroom career incentives weak support teachers job addition teachers receiving training need deal students different learning levels different ages speaking different languages forth reality lac classrooms evidenceinformed egl policy contribute mitigating concerns associated egl outcomes lac region however education policies improve reading outcomes informed evidence limited extent 32 interventions national governments development agencies lac region created range programs improve egl outcomes programs specifically aim improve egl outcomes others might improve egl indirect mechanisms review aimed include program potential affect egl outcomes found included research following program types practices teacher training technology education programs school feeding nutrition programs school governance programs preschool programs teacher practices general pedagogical approaches parental community participation curricula discuss intervention types teacher training programs take several forms ranging extensive multiyear oneonone coaching delivered teachers classrooms training workshops delivered outside classroom emerging evidence suggests teacher training models emphasize sustained inclass coaching may produce larger effects learning outcomes shortterm training models developing countries kraft blazar hogan 2018 instance study south africa showed monthly visits specialized training coaches resulted statistically significant effects reading outcomes 025 standard deviations two 2day training sessions provided course year result statistically significant effects reading outcomes cilliers taylor 2017 technology education programs involve providing technological equipment eg laptops digital gamebased technology mobile phones teachers learners integrating tools existing curriculums including technology additional tools equipment may refurbished donated private sector produced specifically classroom instruction barreraosorio linden 2009 cristia et al 2012 programs may complement distribution technological equipment training modules teachers use technology classroom specific subjects programs provide complementary training studies examined impact technology education programs learning outcomes low middleincome countries suggest mixed evidence pattern null results programs focus complementary training teachers bulman fairlie 2016 p 2 however recent evidence shows promising results programs include strong focus teaching right level example muralidharan et al 2019 showed technologybased afterschool instruction program strong emphasis learning right level produced large statistically significant effects reading outcomes india school feeding nutrition programs vary modes delivery expected outcomes programs delivered within schools provide meals typically breakfast lunch participating children adrogue orlicki 2013 powell walker chang granthammcgregor 1998 programs may provide children specific nutrients might missing diets maluccio et al 2009 nutrition programs may aim improve school attendance boost learning outcomes addition aiming aiming improve childrens food security nutritional status school governance interventions address school management issues affect delivery quality financing education programs often focus decentralizing decisionmaking school level improve parents communities involvement school management school governance interventions involve cash transfers schools provision matching funds private investment schools along institutional changes allows parents decide allocate funds bando 2010 models might provide support poor performing schools based needs identified school improvement plan lockheed harris jayasundera 2010 early childhood education programs often focus preschool start primary education effects preschool moderated variations length time spent preschool availability quality school resources quality instruction extraschool factors household income gardinalpizato marturano fontaine 2012 interventions aimed supporting parents fostering childrens early literacy take varied approaches shown mixed results developed countries several interventions focus addressing parent tutoring improve childrens literacy hannon 1995 tizard schofield hewison 1982 topping 1995 several reviews summarized findings literacy training programs parents brooks 2002 national literacy trust 2001 effectiveness parent training childrens literacy established systematic reviews largely methodological discrepancies among studies sylva scott totsika erekystevens crook 2008 interventions target curriculum teacher practices literacy instruction take varied approaches well instance interventions encourage teachers explain unknown words learners storybook reading order boost reading comprehension larran et al 2012 interventions focus providing pa training boost learners letter sound recognition cardosomartins et al 2011 curricular interventions involve actors may syste
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https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.696
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Steven Windisch|Susann Wiedlitzka|Ajima Olaghere
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PROTOCOL: Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review
| 2,021 |
Temple University|University of Auckland|Temple University
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campbell systematic reviewsvolume 17 issue 1 e1133 protocolopen access protocol online interventions reducing hate speech cyberhate systematic review steven windisch corresponding author steven windisch stevenwindischtempleedu department criminal justice temple university philadelphia pennsylvania correspondence steven windisch department criminal justice temple university 1115 w polett walk 539 gladfelter hall philadelphia 19122 pennsylvania email stevenwindischtempleedusearch papers authorsusann wiedlitzka susann wiedlitzka school social sciences university auckland auckland new zealandsearch papers authorajima olaghere ajima olaghere department criminal justice temple university philadelphia pennsylvaniasearch papers author steven windisch corresponding author steven windisch stevenwindischtempleedu department criminal justice temple university philadelphia pennsylvania correspondence steven windisch department criminal justice temple university 1115 w polett walk 539 gladfelter hall philadelphia 19122 pennsylvania email stevenwindischtempleedusearch papers authorsusann wiedlitzka susann wiedlitzka school social sciences university auckland auckland new zealandsearch papers authorajima olaghere ajima olaghere department criminal justice temple university philadelphia pennsylvaniasearch papers author first published 13 january 2021 httpsdoiorg101002cl21133aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inredditwechat 1 background 11 problem condition issue internet become everyday tool communicate network people around globe perceived anonymity availability instant access made environment conducive spreading hateful content connecting likeminded individuals similar hateful ideologies hate speech prejudicemotivated behavior however need considered continuum victimization like social processes seen dynamic state constant movement change rather static fixed bowling 1993 p 238 social process marked multiple repeat constant victimization bowling 1993 victims longer distinguishing specific hateful events rather normalizing experiences hateful conduct everyday unwanted routine reality different chakraborti 2016 p 581 understanding hateful behavior victimization process allows us connect lowlevel incidents hateful behavior serious lifethreatening incidents extreme end spectrum bowling phillips 2002 christchurch attacks new zealand link hateful communication online platform 8chan one example online hate speech cyberhate escalate real life attacks leaving online sphere spilling offline world per allports 1954 scale prejudice extreme forms prejudicemotivated violence founded lower level acts prejudice bias therefore hateful content online ignored intervening online interrupt counter hateful behavior already lower end scale prejudice becomes important online interventions identified synthesized systematic review allports 1954 scale prejudice basis systematic review early allport 1954 asserted individuals negative attitudes toward groups likely act prejudices somehow somewhere p 14 intense negative attitudes hostile action allport 1954 put forward scale acts prejudice illustrate different degrees acting negative attitudes scale starts antilocution call hate speech described explicitly expressing prejudices negative verbal remarks either friends strangers allport 1954 avoidance next level scale prejudice people avoiding members certain groups followed discrimination distinctions made people based prejudices leads active exclusion members certain groups allport 1954 level acting prejudices routed institutional systemic prejudices example differential treatment people within employment education practices also within criminal justice system social exclusion certain minority group members physical attack next level scale prejudice includes violence members certain groups physically acting negative attitudes prejudices last level extermination ultimate act violence members specific groups expression prejudice systematically eradicates entire group people eg genocide lynchings allport 1954 allports 1954 scale prejudice makes clear hate speechcyberhate connected extreme forms violence motivated specific prejudices biases hate speech antilocutions starting point 5point continuum bilewicz soral 2020 importance scale prejudice clearly illustrates range different ways intensity levels act prejudices also progression verbal aggression physical violence words performative potential hate speech allport 1954 kopytowska baider 2017 p 138 interventions lower level scale prejudices interventions targeting hate speechcyberhate become important universal definition hateful conduct online consensus hate speech targets disadvantaged social groups jacobs potter 1998 bakalis 2018 narrowly defines cyberhate use technology express hatred towards person persons protected characteristicnamely race religion gender sexual orientation disability transgender identity p 87 another definition also points ambiguity challenges involved identifying subtle forms hate speech also making reference potential threat hate speech escalating offline violence put forward fortuna nunes 2018 analyzed various definitions hate speech hate speech language attacks diminishes incites violence hate groups based specific characteristics physical appearance religion descent national ethnic origin sexual orientation gender identity occur different linguistic styles even subtle forms humour used p 5 systematic review also distinguish hate speechcyberhate specifically forms harmful online activity cyberbullying harassment trolling flaming perpetrators online behavior repeatedly systematically target specific individuals cause upset seek negative reactions create discord internet contrast hate speechcyberhate general necessarily target specific individual alhassan aldossari 2019 instead hate speechcyberhate heavily features prejudice bias intolerance toward certain groups within society majority hate speech happening online interventions take place online important way challenge prejudice bias potentially reaching masses people across globe unique feature internet individual negative attitudes toward minority groups extreme hateful ideology find way onto certain platforms instantly connect people sharing similar prejudices closing social spatial distance internet creates form collective identity perry 2000 p 123 convince individuals even extreme ideologies others share views gerstenfeld et al 2003 addition enormous frequency hate speechcyberhate within online environments creates sense normativity hatred potential acts intergroup violence political radicalization bilewicz soral 2020 p 9 therefore important challenge hate speech epidemic bilewicz soral 2020 especially since hate movements increasingly crossed mainstream perry 2000 hate speechcyberhate posing threat social order violating social norms soral et al 2018 perceptions social norms either supporting opposing prejudice found influence individuals react online hsueh et al 2015 seeing people post prejudiced opposed antiprejudiced comments online lead adoption online groups biases influence individuals perceptions feelings toward targeted stigmatized group hsueh et al 2015 addition research around desensitization also suggests exposed hate speech leads desensitization leads increase outgroup prejudice toward groups targeted speech soral et al 2018 society increasingly recognizing inappropriate express prejudices public settings many interventions include form social norms nudging reduce prejudices interventions nudge behavior desired direction titley et al 2014 p 60 therefore hate speech affects minority group members also influence opinions majority group members soral et al 2018 makes strategies elicit change peoples prejudicerelated attitudes crucial see eg zitek hebl 2007 governments around world face increased demand understanding countering hateful ideology violent extremism online offline eg christchurch call new zealand us governments 2011 cve strategy highlights importance ongoing research analysis sharing knowledge best practices internationally countering hateful ideologies propaganda see also department homeland security 2016 2019 goal systematic review use integrated interdisciplinary approach examine effectiveness online campaigns strategies reducing hate speech cyberhate 12 intervention internet also provides opportunity reach masses people exposed hateful content ideology online therefore systematic review focus online interventions addressing online hate speech cyberhate specific settings would expect see online interventions deployed websites text messaging applications online social media platforms including limited facebook instagram tiktok whatsapp google youtube snapchat mentioned previously many online interventions based social norm nudges reduce online hate interventions aim change peoples online behavior encourage individuals groups conform established social norms communication social norms happen establishing community standards online platforms eg facebook twitter etc formal online training courses antihate speechanticyberhate campaigns teaching people recognize hate embrace diversity stand bias prevention campaigns designed challenge bias build ally behaviors supplying people constructive responses combat example antisemitism racism homophobia well provide resources help people explore critically reflect current events interventions may add messages hateful online comments counter hateful content extremist ideology redirect people credible sources 13 intervention might work peers parents found foster racial consciousness identity development define interracial relationships cultivate ethnic heritage culture hagerman 2016 socialization influences children understand groups social position membership within group providing understanding racial religious sexual privilege bowman howard 1985 socialization often reflects peers parents experiences racism discrimination ideological perspectives race religion sexuality umaataylor fine 2004 important peers parents feel discriminated believe threat may impart prejudices children friends could lead interpret social world similar discriminatory views andor behavior individuals feel socially alienated rejected especially vulnerable socialization practices feel adopting views provide sense acceptance belonging leiken 2012 regardless individual develops certain racial religious sexual biases online interventions review expected target reduce production original hateful content antisemitic tweets andor homophobic blog posts well consumption hate speech material eg watching reading hate speech videos blogs example interventions take rather broad messaging approach implementing racial sensitivity diversity training public service announcements peertopeer dialogue workshops films provide opportunities youth adults selfreflect learn historical oppression people color women lgbtqia community credible sources factual understanding diverse groups often supplemented experiences people within group educational programs often identify cultural guide willing introduce youth new experiences aid processing thoughts feelings behaviors interventions intend dispute contradict negative stereotypes associated specific cultures people institutions sharing different points view based human rights values openness respect difference freedom equality gomes 2017 moreover interventions tend involve blanket bans specific behaviors enforced public promotion norms individual sanctions enforced moderators interventions redirect method narrower messaging interventions generate curated playlists collections authentic content challenge hate speechcyberhate narratives propaganda helmus klein 2018 instance people directly searching extremist content online may linked videos written content confronts claims videos designed objective appearance instead containing material explicitly counters extremist propaganda underlying goal type interventions provide credible content effectively undermines extremist messaging overtly attack source propaganda addition confronting hate speech narratives interventions provide users links numerous social services anger management training drug alcohol treatment mental health resources online platforms twitter facebook also started employ similar method redirecting people comment share fake news conspiracy theories often fraught prejudicial undertones harmful minority groups credible content news sources aforementioned interventions designed counterbalance biased perceptions eg unsupported claims black community criminal lgbtqia community pathologized blacks criminals lgbtqia pathologized blunting occurrence racist discourse reducing likelihood individuals internalize normalize racial religious andor sexual prejudices qian et al 2019 new situations uncomfortable often awakens fears apprehensions block experiential development acquiring information exposed minorityrun businesses poverty writings minority authors allows person understand thoughts hopes fears aspirations people outside racial perspective rather perspective majority society dunham et al 2013 lee et al 2017 counters racist programming challenging hegemonic beliefs lead acceptance tolerant attitudes reduction hateful expressions online 14 important review findings proposed review enhance understanding effectiveness online antihate speechantihate interventions help ensure programming funds dedicated mosteffective efforts play critical role helping individual programs improve quality service provisions inform governments policymakers current state online efforts works modes interventions implement help guide economically viable investments nationstate security 15 prior reviews search scholarly literature identified one review blaya 2019 similar proposed topic blayas 2019 review however focused prevalence type characteristics existing interventions counteracting cyberhate include metaanalysis two similar reviews focused exposure extremist online content hassan et al 2018 communication channels associated cyberracism bliuc et al 2018 search campbell library using key terms hate radical returned two protocols one review identified inspection assess potential overlap protocols include psychosocial processes intervention strategies behind islamist deradicalization scoping review de carvalho et al 2019 police programs seek increase community connectedness reducing violent extremism behavior attitudes beliefs mazerolle et al 2020 review similar topic recently completed campbell review january 2020 counternarratives prevention violent radicalization systematic review targeted interventions carthy et al 2018 national university ireland galway proposed review distinguished de carvalho et al 2019 review focusing hate speech cyberhate generally without delimiting approach specific type radicalization eg islamist furthermore electing complete systematic review metaanalysis likewise protocol mazerolle et al 2020 focuses interventions involving police officers either initiators recipients implementers community connectedness interventions review focus specifically online intervention may may involve police police focus basis online intervention strategy judging carthy et al 2018 protocol anticipate review also capture counternarrative interventions differ based setting timing scope interventions specifically interested online interventions extend beyond countermessaging campaigns include broad array interventions outlined extend beyond radicalization include everyday hate prejudice addition conducting metaanalysis proposed review would build blayas 2019 work expanding population parameters include adolescents well adults blaya 2019 limited search include interventions aimed toward youth young people children young adults adolescents children teenagers focus extremism 2 objectives main objective review synthesize available evidence effectiveness online interventions aimed reducing creation andor consumption online hate speechcyberhate material specific research questions guiding review include 1 extent online interventions effective reducing online hate speechcyberhate 2 effectiveness related type online hate speechcyberhate intervention used 3 effectiveness related characteristics individuals experiencing online hate speechcyberhate intervention eg age gender raceethnicity offense history childhood trauma 3 methods 31 inclusion criteria 311 types study designs experimental quasiexperimental quantitative studies included study designs address research questions 1 3 eligible quantitative study designs include following 3111 experimental designs eligible experimental designs must involve random assignment participants distinct treatment control groups designs involve quasirandom assignment participants alternate case assignment also eligible coded experimental designs 3112 quasiexperimental designs eligible quasiexperimental designs must include comparison group participants compared participants treatment condition eligible studies include report matching procedures individual grouplevel statistical procedures employed achieve equivalency groups statistical procedures may include limited propensity score matching regression analysis analysisofcovariance furthermore anticipation limited quantitative evidence base also include quasiexperimental studies unmatched comparison groups provide baseline assessment outcomes groups finally timeseries analyses also included eligible timeseries design include shortinterrupted time series designs control group 25 prepost observations longinterrupted time series designs without control group 25 prepost observations ineligible quasiexperimental designs include studies utilize comparison group consisting participants either refused participate study initially participated study dropped prior start study 312 nature eligible comparison conditions eligible comparison conditions include online interventions conditions participants receive experience online intervention 313 types participants youth adult participants racialethnic background religious affiliation gender identity sexual orientation nationality citizenship status eligible review eligible youth population study participants minimum age 10 age 17 eligible adult population study participants minimum age 18 older studies subset sample eligible inclusionfor example study subject participates online offline hate speech interventionswill excluded anticipate excluding studies based sample eligibility inclusion criteria wideranging take reasonable steps locate studies involves online interventions resolve differences opinion regarding eligibility study inclusion discussion consensus agreement cannot reached elicit opinion subject matter expert whereby final list included excluded studies decided since studies excluded unavailable cannot calculated metaanalysis related subgroupsensitivity analysis 314 types interventions adopt blayas 2019 fourpart typology intervention strategies outline potential universe eligible interventions first intervention strategy adaptation legal responses hate speechcyberhate includes countering violent extremism aims address cybercrime specifically online interventions eligible range disrupting hateful content online via specific crackdowns eg server shutdowns deletion social media accounts responding online hate using targeted strategies eg counternarratives modifying hateful content examples previous studies focusing online crackdowns include monitoring investigation online accounts content takedowns online content monitoring censorship alvarezbenjumea winter 2018 modifying hateful online comments nonhateful comments salminen et al 2018 possibly changing algorithms divert users online echo chambers also interested interventions recent takedown 8chan online platform linked real life attacks new zealand united states interventions exist disrupt hateful online content radicalization similar trigger events disrupting hateful content online via crackdowns brought free speech concerns well concerns around online users hateful groups moving online platforms responding hateful content online using targeted strategies therefore suggested effective online intervention examples include message priming using endorsement religious elites siegel badaan 2020 use bots sanction online harassers munger 2017 automatically generating responses intervene online conversations hate speech detected qian et al 2019 redirecting online users youtube videos debunking example isis recruiting themes httpsredirectmethodorg systematic review include broader range online interventions many recently emerged two strategies identified blaya 2019 automatic identification regulation hate speechcyberhate using technology well creation online counterspaces countercommunication initiatives interventions include online counternarrative marketing campaigns establishment andor use online counter spaces online educationbased interventions online citizenship training online legislative initiatives narrowly defined address extremist ideologies hate speech incites targeted violence radicalization general interventions seek prevent minimize occurrence violent extremism radicalization including spread hate speech extremist propaganda disrupting recruitment channels creating opportunities leave groups fourth final intervention strategy eligible systematic review involves educational programs example provide people online literacy skills challenge racism blaya 2019 include online empowermentresilience approaches policy programs online component eg prevent exit programs educational awarenessraising online interventions interventions may evaluate behavioral changes individuals longer engaging creation andor consumption cyberhate extremist material online online interventions may sponsored nonprofit nongovernmental organizations internet service providers policy governmental agencies case legislative interventions comparison condition may routine exposure engagement hate speechcyberhate another online intervention 315 types outcome measures primary outcome interest creation andor consumption hateful content online creation refer production authorship original hateful content posting antisemitic tweets uploading racist youtube videos andor writing homophobic blog posts consumption hate speech material may include visiting member hate websiteonline group watching reading hate speech videos blogs target online hate speechcyberhate reporting hate speech material secondary outcomes interest include affective emotional states study participants anger fear emotional unrest depression anxiety mood swings attitudes toward hate speechcyberhate eligible studies must report primary secondary outcome included exclusion criteria source outcome data data primary secondary outcome measures obtained courses including institutional records direct observations survey
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
|
Elizabeth J. Meyer|Philip C. Abrami|Carrie Wade|Ofra Aslan|Louise Deault
|
Improving literacy and metacognition with electronic portfolios: Teaching and learning with ePEARL
| 2,010 |
Concordia University|Concordia University|Concordia University|Concordia University|Concordia University|McGill University
|
electronic portfolio multimedia container student work tool support key learning processes positive impact literacy practices selfregulated learning skills students article presents findings yearlong study conducted three canadian provinces 20072008 school year initially involving 32 teachers 388 students due varying levels implementation final data set included 14 teachers 296 students using nonequivalent pretestposttest design found grade 46 students classrooms teacher provided regular appropriate use electronic portfolio tool epearl ie mediumhigh implementation condition n 7 classrooms 121 students compared control students n 7 classrooms 175 students use epearl showed significant improvements p 05 writing skills standardized literacy measure ie constructed response subtest canadian achievement test4th ed certain metacognitive skills measured via student selfreport results study indicate teaching epearl positive impacts students literacy selfregulated learning skills tool used regularly integrated classroom instruction
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeh290
|
Andrew Leigh
|
Teacher pay and teacher aptitude
| 2,012 |
Australian National University
|
changes teacher pay encourage able individuals enter teaching profession far studies impact pay aptitude distribution teachers provided mixed evidence extent altering teacher salaries represents feasible solution teacher quality problem one possible reason studies unable separate labor supply effects labor demand effects address model relationship current salaries academic aptitude future teachers entering teacher education courses using unique dataset test scores every individual admitted australian university 1989 2003 explore interstate variation average pay pay dispersion affects decision enter teacher education courses 1 percent rise salary starting teacher boosts average aptitude students entering teacher education courses 06 percentile ranks effect strongest median result robust instrumenting teacher pay using uniform salary schedules public schools also find evidence pay dispersion nonteaching sector lowers aptitude potential teachers
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfw015
|
Rachid Laajaj|Karen Macours|Daniel Alejandro Pinzon Hernandez|Omar Arias|Samuel D. Gosling|Jeff Potter|Marta Rubio?Codina|Renos Vakis
|
Challenges to capture the big five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations
| 2,019 |
Universidad de Los Andes|Paris School of Economics|Universidad de Los Andes|World Bank|The University of Texas at Austin|University of Melbourne|Inter-American Development Bank|World Bank
|
personality traits measured interpreted reliably across world use big five personality measures increasingly common across social sciences validity outside western educated industrialized rich democratic weird populations unclear adopting comprehensive psychometric approach analyze 29 facetoface surveys 94751 respondents 23 low middleincome countries show commonly used personality questions generally fail measure intended personality traits show low validity findings contrast much higher validity measures attained internet surveys 198356 selfselected respondents countries discuss systematic response patterns enumerator interactions low education levels collectively distort personality measures assessed largescale surveys results highlight risk misinterpreting big five survey data provide warning nave interpretations personality traits without evidence validity
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12368
|
Gerd Gigerenzer
|
On the Supposed Evidence for Libertarian Paternalism
| 2,015 |
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
|
general public learn deal risk uncertainty authorities need steer peoples choices right direction libertarian paternalists argue results psychological research show reasoning systematically flawed hardly educable cognitive biases resemble stable visual illusions reason maintain authorities know best us need step steer behavior help nudges nudges nothing new justifying basis latent irrationality article analyze scientific evidence presented justification suffers narrow logical norms misunderstanding nature rational thinking confirmation bias selective reporting research two flaws focus blame individuals minds rather external causes industries spend billions nudge people unhealthy behavior conclude claim hardly educable lacks evidence forecloses true alternative nudging teaching people become risk savvy
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513484335
|
Michael Bond
|
Decision-making: Risk school
| 2,009 | null |
general public learn evaluate risks accurately authorities need steer towards correct decisions michael bond talks two opposing camps
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.1.175
|
Lee Crawfurd
|
School Management and Public–Private Partnerships in Uganda
| 2,017 |
University of Sussex
|
quality school management explain differences student test scores paper present first internationally benchmarked estimates school management quality africa based world management survey level distribution management quality similar found low middleincome countries india brazil combine data individual student panel data demonstrate differences school management quality matter student valueaddeda standard deviation difference management associated 006 standard deviation difference test scores finally contribute understanding role private sector education lowincome setting contrary common perception find difference quality school management government private publicprivate partnership ppp schools despite higher level autonomy available exception internationally owned chain ppp schools well managed schools uk
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62168-0
|
Mette Trier Damgaard|Helena Skyt Nielsen
|
Nudging in education
| 2,018 |
Aarhus University|Aarhus University
|
nudge children adolescents parents make better decisions education nudge teachers support encourage better decision making education decisions taken young ages involve immediate costs potential future benefits settings behavioural barriers eg lack selfcontrol limited attention social norms likely influence choices may motivate use low cost nudges gently push behaviour desired direction review nudging interventions shows nudging often positive effects greatest effects often arise individuals affected behavioural barrier targeted intervention hence understanding underlying behavioural mechanisms crucial negative effects may arise situations nudges potentially crowdout intrinsic motivation nudges pressurise individuals situations choice architect insufficient understanding behavioural mechanisms
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1881-4
|
Janet Smylie|Michelle Firestone
|
Back to the basics: Identifying and addressing underlying challenges in achieving high quality and relevant health statistics for Indigenous populations in Canada
| 2,015 |
St. Michael's Hospital|Public Health Ontario|University of Toronto|Centre for Global Health Research|St. Michael's Hospital
|
canada known internationally excellence quality public policy relevance health social statisticsthere double standard however respect relevance quality statistics indigenous populations canadaindigenous specific health social statistics gathering informed unique ethical rightsbased policy practice imperatives regarding need indigenous participation leadership indigenous data processes throughout spectrum indicator development data collection management analysis usewe demonstrate current indigenous data quality challenges including misclassification errors nonresponse bias systematically contribute significant underestimate inequities health determinants health status health care access indigenous nonindigenous people canadathe major quality challenge underlying errors biases lack indigenous specific identifiers consistent relevant major health social data sourcesthe recent removal indigenous identity question canadian census resulted deterioration already suboptimal systema revision core health data sources include relevant consistent inclusive indigenous selfidentification urgently requiredthese changes need carried partnership indigenous peoples representative governing organizations
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-2
|
Irving Rootman
|
Literacy and Health in Canada: Is it Really a Problem?
| 2,003 |
University of Victoria
|
canada seen international leader literacy health largely result work carried national literacy health program coordinated since 1994 canadian public health association article issue smith haggerty however raises question whether literacy health really serious problem least context health care reported article prevalence low literacy among patients attending family practice centre montreal found 9 considerably lower authors predicted 15 40 5 margin error one conclusion study might low literacy fact large problem context health care authors present arguments reaching conclusion hastily note example instrument used measure literacy rapid estimate adult literacy medicine realm may overestimated literacy patients able correctly pronounce words may understood 1 also suggest sensitive instruments test functional health literacy adults tofhla 2 might permitted detect patients literacy problems 1 indeed quite possible moreover possible even higher levels literacy problems might detected instruments designed measure aural oral literacy exist moment applied addition noted study done one clinic one city canada may reflect literacy levels among patients health care settings across country fact may entirely represent literacy levels clinic study took place potential respondents eliminated authors also acknowledge sample small detect statistically significant association literacy levels selfreported health thus clear premature conclude prevalence literacy difficulties health care settings canada low throughout country kinds settings health consequences patients others much research type conducted authors required reach conclusion authors give us additional reasons pursuing research literacy health one comes important finding readability levels educational materials used practice studied found mean reading level materials grade 115 certainly higher reading levels people low levels literacy according international adult literacy survey ials represents 22 adult population 3 probably challenge slightly literate eg 28 fall second lowest category ials suggests minimum conducting studies regarding readability levels health materials people exposed health contexts including public health ones time might helpful know kinds literacy demands different health contexts place people might include literacy demands might imposed physicians nurses public health officials others require people understand interpret make appropriate decisions based oral communication health information
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.07.006
|
Martin Cooke|Francis Mitrou|David Lawrence|Éric Guimond|Dan Beavon
|
Indigenous well-being in four countries: An application of the UNDP'S Human Development Index to Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States
| 2,007 |
University of Waterloo|Telethon Kids Institute|Curtin University|Telethon Kids Institute|Curtin University|Aboriginal Affairs Northern Dev Canada|Aboriginal Affairs Northern Dev Canada
|
canada united states australia new zealand consistently place near top united nations development programmes human development index hdi rankings yet minority indigenous populations much poorer health social conditions nonindigenous peoples unclear socioeconomic health status indigenous peoples countries changed recent decades remains generally unknown whether overall conditions indigenous peoples improving whether gaps indigenous peoples citizens indeed narrowed unsettling evidence may purpose study determine gaps narrowed widened decade 1990 2000 census data life expectancy estimates government sources used adapt human development index hdi examine broad social economic health status indigenous populations countries changed since 1990 three indices life expectancy educational attainment income combined single hdi measure 1990 2000 hdi scores indigenous peoples north america new zealand improved faster rate general populations closing gap human development australia hdi scores indigenous peoples decreased general populations improved widening gap human development countries considered high human development according undp indigenous populations reside within medium levels human development inconsistent progress health wellbeing indigenous populations time relative nonindigenous populations points need efforts improve social economic physical health indigenous peoples
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040326
|
Ana Ferrer|Garnett Picot|W. Craig Riddell
|
New Directions in Immigration Policy: Canada's Evolving Approach to the Selection of Economic Immigrants
| 2,014 |
University of Waterloo|Queens University|University of British Columbia
|
canadas immigration system currently undergoing significant change driven several goals include 1 desire improve economic outcomes entering immigrants 2 attempt better respond shortterm regional labor market shortages often associated commodity booms 3 desire shift immigration away three largest cities regions country goals reflect implementation new immigration programs 2000s paper discusses recent changes canadian immigration policy examines preliminary evaluations new programs discusses potential future issues emanating changes
|
https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-03-0057
|
Ashley E. Thompson|Yvonne Anisimowicz|Baukje Miedema|William Hogg|Walter P. Wodchis|Kris Aubrey?Bassler
|
The influence of gender and other patient characteristics on health care-seeking behaviour: a QUALICOPC study
| 2,016 |
Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital|Dalhousie University|Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital|Dalhousie University|Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital|Dalhousie University|University of Ottawa|University of Toronto|Memorial University of Newfoundland
|
canadians health careseeking behaviour physical mental health issues examined using international quality cost primary care qualicopc survey conducted 2013 canadathis study used crosssectional patient experiences survey collected 7260 patients 759 practices across 10 canadian provinces part qualicopc study responsive care scale rcs constructed reflect degree health careseeking behaviour across 11 health conditions using several patient characteristics independent variables four multiple regression analyses conductedpatients selfreports indicated gender differences health careseeking behaviour women reporting visited primary care provider greater extent men physical mental health concerns overall patients less likely seek care mental health concerns comparison physical health concerns women men results regressions indicated age illness prevention trust physicians chronic conditions important factors explaining health careseeking behaviours mental health concernsthis study confirms gender differences health careseeking behaviour advances previous research exploring detail variables predicting differences health careseeking behaviour men women variables better predictors health careseeking behaviour response mental health concerns physical health concerns likely reflecting greater variation among seeking mental health care study implications working improve barriers health care access identifying likely engage health careseeking behaviours variables predicting health careseeking consequently accessing primary care targeted policies developed put place promote health careseeking behavior
|
https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.09-12-0092
|
Sonia Brucki|Ricardo Nitríni
|
Cancellation task in very low educated people
| 2,008 |
Universidade de São Paulo|Universidade de São Paulo
|
cancellation tasks largely used evaluate visuospatial function attention cognitive evaluation low literacy subjects remains challenge developing countries becomes necessary distinguish pathological biased low education performance river bank dwellers amazon region studied structured nonverbal cancellation task verifying searching strategies randomizedorganized time completion number correct cancelled targets number falsepositive targets difference observed performance searching strategies illiterates literates years schooling mean08 sd16 years education across measures significant difference literate groups searching strategy well illiterates never attended school showing minimal contact graphic presentations organization writing able modify cognitive function
|
https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-06-0084
|
Melissa A. Green|Margo Michaels|Natasha Blakeney|Adebowale Odulana|Malika Roman Isler|Alan Richmond|Debra G. Long|William S. Robinson|Yhenneko J. Taylor|Giselle Corbie-Smith
|
Evaluating a Community-Partnered Cancer Clinical Trials Pilot Intervention with African American Communities
| 2,015 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Medical University of South Carolina|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Carolinas Healthcare System|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
|
cancer clinical trial cct accrual retention rates remain disproportionately low among african americans awarenesss access trials crucial facilitators trial participation strategies developed within communitybased participatory framework cbpr potential solutions increase awareness access ccts study describe pilot phase three innovative communitycentered modules improve basic cct knowledge awareness locations access cct information opportunities participate ccts four community organizations completed community bridges cct trainingofthetrainer recruited adult african american volunteers participate one three cct education modules workshop ccts role play describing one persons experience ccts call response session reviewing myths facts ccts pre posttest surveys collected analyzed using mcnemar agreement statistic evaluate changes knowledge attitudes regarding trials trainers enrolled 125 participants call response n 22 role play n 60 workshop n 43 modules module participants mostly african american female mean age 53 years comparison pre posttest responses demonstrates favorable changes awareness ccts access ccts across sample analysis module type indicates significant increases participants call response p 001 role play modules p 0001 workshop module despite measures taken increase participation retention rate african americans clinical trials little advancement made developing tailored community education modules ccts within cbpr framework promising innovation increase knowledge ccts favorable attitudes participation known precursors trial enrollment
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0395-1
|
Ramchandra Kamath|Kamaleshwar S Mahajan|Lena Ashok|T.S. Sanal
|
A study on risk factors of breast cancer among patients attending the tertiary care hospital, in Udupi district
| 2,013 |
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
|
cancer become one ten leading causes death india breast cancer common diagnosed malignancy india ranks second cervical cancer increasing trend incidence reported various registries national cancer registry project india country largest estimated number breast cancer deaths worldwideto study factors associated breast cancerto study association breast cancer selected exposure variables identify risk factors breast cancera hospital based case control study conducted shirdi sai baba cancer hospital research center manipal udupi districttotal 188 participants included study 94 cases 94 controls study participants 25 69 years age group cases controls matched 2 years age range non vegetarian diet one important risk factors 280 ci 115681 7 12 years education 484 ci 1511546 484 times risk breast cancer compared illiterate womenthe study suggests non vegetarian diet important risk factor breast cancer risk breast cancer educated women compared illiterate womenthis hospital based study generalisability findings could limited
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.01.025
|
Bich Tran|Qing Ruan|Sherise Epstein|Joseph A. Ricci|Rima E. Rudd|Bernard T. Lee
|
Literacy analysis of National Comprehensive Cancer Network patient guidelines for the most common malignancies in the United States
| 2,017 |
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University|Harvard University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University|Harvard University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University
|
cancer information critical interest public national comprehensive cancer network nccn offers series comprehensive patient guidelines management common cancer diagnoses study aimed assessing health literacy demands nccn patient guidelines common malignancies united statesthe american cancer societys common malignancies annual incidence united states corresponding nccn patient guidelines identified four validated tools used evaluate literacy levels 1 simple measure gobbledygook 2 peter mosenthal irwin kirsch readability formula pmoseikirsch 3 patient education materials assessment tool pemat 4 clear communication index centers disease control prevention cdcthe average reading grade level 103 higher recommended 6thgrade level average pmoseikirsch score 11 corresponded moderate complexity required collegelevel education interpretation 1 tool pemat yielded scores benchmarks highquality materials pemats understandability actionability overall scores 94 83 91 respectively average cdc index 85 recommended 90 appropriate health literacy demandoverall assessment indicates high demand scores readability complexity nccn patient guidelines thus materials quite suitable general us adult population input patient focus groups address appropriateness usefulness critical cancer 201812476974 2017 american cancer society
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.381
|
Ana Barros|Luís Moreira|Helena Santos|Nuno Ribeiro|Luís Miguel Carvalho|Filipe Santos?Silva
|
“Cancer – Educate to Prevent” – High-School Teachers, the New Promoters of Cancer Prevention Education Campaigns
| 2,014 |
Universidade do Porto|Universidade do Porto|Universidade do Porto|Universidade do Porto|Universidade do Porto
|
cancer one leading causes death worldwide thus represents priority national public health programs prevention assumed best strategy reduce cancer burden however cancer prevention programs implemented healthcare professionals constrain range educational impacts developed innovative approach cancer prevention education focused highschool biology teachers considered privileged mediators socialization processes training program cancer educate prevent applied teachers able independently develop implement prevention campaigns focused students schoolrelated communities program encompassed different educational modules ranging cancer biology prevention campaigns design fiftyfour teachers empowered develop implement cancer prevention campaigns population five thousands students success training program assessed quantitative evaluationquestionnaires focused teachers cancer knowledge perceptions intervention pretest immediately posttest projects developed implemented teachers also evaluated regarding intervention design educational contents impact students knowledge cancer study presents discusses results concerning training program cancer educate prevent clearly shows significant increase teachers cancer literacy knowledge perceptions teachers acquired proficiency develop deliver cancer prevention campaigns direct impact students knowledge cancer pilot study reinforces potential highschool teachers schools cancer prevention promoters opens new perspective development validation cancer prevention education strategies based upon focused interventions restricted targets students nonhealth professionals teachers
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.11.112
|
Sora Park Tanjasiri|Marjorie Kagawa?Singer|Mary Anne Foo|Maichew Chao|Irene Linayao-Putman|John Nguyen|Georgi Pirumyan|Annalyn Valdez
|
Designing Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Health Interventions: The “Life Is Precious” Hmong Breast Cancer Study
| 2,006 |
California State University, Fullerton|University of California, Los Angeles|Orange County Asian Pacific Islander Community Alliance|Families USA|University of California, Los Angeles
|
cancer number one cause death asian american women yet lowest rates cancer screening contributing factors particularly hmong women include lack culturally linguistically appropriate educational interventions study aimed develop culturally linguistically appropriate intervention improve breast cancer screening rates among hmong women fresno san diego california intervention elements included development flipchart brochure video presented basic breast health screening information along targeting women men support wives breast cancer screenings analyses pre post workshop surveys showed increases knowledge positive attitudes among participants behavioral intentions clinical breast examinations mammograms among women support exams possible cancer treatment among men implications research practice discussed
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs354
|
Dinorah Martinez?Tyson|Elizabeth B Pathak|Hosanna Soler?Vilá|Ann Marie Flores
|
Looking Under the Hispanic Umbrella: Cancer Mortality Among Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and Other Hispanics in Florida
| 2,008 |
Moffitt Cancer Center|University of South Florida|Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center|University of Miami|Vanderbilt University Medical Center
|
cancer second leading cause death among hispanics cancer statistics available state national levels report cancer statistics hispanics aggregate group goal paper provide populationbased overview cancer mortality among hispanics cubans mexicans puerto ricans hispanics florida 1990 2000 explore demographic diversity growing ethnic group study population consisted hispanics white nonhispanics died cancer cancer mortality rates proportion cancer deaths type age death selected racialethnic groups calculated findings indicate cancer death rates hispanic subgroups compared favorably white nonhispanics cancer rates often presented hispanics mask important differences different ethnic subgroups fall hispanic umbrella
|
https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v2i2.316
|
Maria K. Mitchell
|
The New York Cancer Project: Rationale, Organization, Design, and Baseline Characteristics
| 2,004 | null |
cancer second leading cause death new york city nearly 15000 deaths year urban setting new york city provides ready access large diverse populations racialethnic disparities cancer risk outcomes examined new cohort study undertaken several aims 1 provide database biorepository studies cancer etiology pathogenesis including host genetics 2 differentiate risk factors contribute racialethnic disparities cancer risk prevention control incidence mortality survival 3 provide timely data cancer risk preventive behaviors used mobilize evaluate public health programs scientists multiple institutions contributed protocol design implementation study instruments included demographics personal family history cancer risk prevention efforts end points include linkage registries medical record reviews using venuebased sampling quotas 18187 adults aged 30 years older recruited year undergo baseline questionnaire venipuncture contact information sample 39 male 37 older 50 years 58 white 20 african american 18 hispanic 9 asian terms family history cancer 21 reported mother 21 reported father 59 reported parents cancer 85 reported sibling cancer baseline 1231 participants reported prior cancer showing feasibility constructing cohort based new york city plans proceed additional recruitment analyses salient questions cancer
|
https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0235
|
Lalitha Biswas|B Manna|Paramita Maiti|Somnath Sengupta
|
Sexual risk factors for cervical cancer among rural Indian women: a case-control study
| 1,997 |
Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases|Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
|
cancer cervix thought sexually transmitted disease 1 association early sexual activity sexual promiscuity particular well established number epidemiological studies west 25 asian populations 6it suggested cervical cancer might caused sexual transmission infectious agentthe human papillomavirus hpv identified leading candidate sexually transmitted aetiological factor cervical cancer 7despite high incidence cervical cancer india role sexual promiscuity well addressed indian populations rate promiscuity among women known low 8a recent casecontrol study 9 india found male promiscuity responsible increased risk cervical cancerthe present study undertaken examine role sexual risk factors cancer among women living around south bengal district india society conservative marital infidelity uncommon event materials methodswe used casecontrol design investigationin 134 women histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma cervix attended department radiotherapy oncology bs medical college hospital bankura years 19901992 constituted cases studyall married 70 years old age range 2570 yearsthey interviewed first seen department time registration study periodthe controls selected seemingly healthy female relatives neighbours accompanied patients time registration thereafterall cases married therefore married controls 491
|
https://doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_148_20
|
Ann Langius?Eklöf|Marie-Therése Crafoord|Mats Christiansen|Maria Fjell|Kay Sundberg
|
Effects of an interactive mHealth innovation for early detection of patient-reported symptom distress with focus on participatory care: protocol for a study based on prospective, randomised, controlled trials in patients with prostate and breast cancer
| 2,017 |
Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet
|
cancer patients predominantly treated outpatients often experience difficult symptoms side effects important facilitate improve patientclinician communication support symptom management selfcare although number projects within supportive cancer care evaluating mobile health increasing evidencebased interventions described literature thus need good quality clinical studies randomised design sufficient power guide future implementations interactive information communications technology platform including smartphonecomputer tablet app reporting symptoms cancer treatment created collaboration company specialising health care management aim paper evaluate effects using platform patients breast cancer neo adjuvant chemotherapy treatment patients locally advanced prostate cancer curative radiotherapy treatment main hypothesis use platform improve clinical management reduce costs promote safe participatory carethe study prospective randomised controlled trial patient group based repeated measurements patients consecutively included randomised intervention groups report symptoms via app daily treatment three weeks end treatment complement standard care patients control groups receive standard care alone outcomes targeted symptom burden quality life health literacy capacity understand communicate health needs promote healthy behaviours disease progress health care costs data collected treatment questionnaires registers medical records biomarkers lastly participants interviewed participatory meaningful careresults generate knowledge enhance understanding develop personcentred care using mobile technology supporting patients involvement care identify problems early promotes timely initiation necessary treatment benefit patients treated outside hospital setting regard maintaining safetyjune 12 2015 nct02477137 prostate cancer june 12 2015 nct02479607 breast cancer
|
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-36342003000900004
|
Mary C. Politi|Marie D. Kuzemchak|Kimberly A. Kaphingst|Hannah Perkins|Jingxia Liu|Margaret M. Byrne
|
Decision Aids Can Support Cancer Clinical Trials Decisions: Results of a Randomized Trial
| 2,016 |
Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University in St. Louis|Huntsman Cancer Institute|University of Utah|Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University in St. Louis|Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center|University of Miami
|
cancer patients often make informed decisions regarding clinical trial participation study evaluated whether webbased decision aid da could support trial decisions compared cancer centers websiteadults diagnosed cancer past 6 months previously participated cancer clinical trial eligible participants randomized view da cancer centers website enhanced usual care uc controlling whether participants heard cancer clinical trials educational attainment multivariable linear regression examined group knowledge selfefficacy finding trial information decisional conflict values clarity uncertainty intent participate decision readiness trial perceptionstwo hundred patients 86 consented may 2014 april 2015 one hundred randomized group surveys completed 87 da group 90 uc group da group participants reported clearer values regarding trial participation uc group participants reported least squares ls mean 158 vs 32 p 0001 less uncertainty ls mean 243 vs 364 p 025 da group higher objective knowledge uc groups ls mean 698 vs 558 p 0001 differences groups intent participateimprovements key decision outcomes including knowledge selfefficacy certainty choice values clarity among participants viewed da suggest webbased das support informed decisions trial participation among cancer patients facing preferencesensitive choice although better informing patients trial participation could improve retention work needed examine da impact enrollment retentionthis paper describes evidence regarding decision tool support patients decisions trial participation improving knowledge helping patients clarify preferences participation facilitating conversations trials decision aids could lead decisions participation better match patients preferences promoting patientcentered care ethical conduct clinical research
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046583
|
Chenjie Xu|Yi Wang|Hongxi Yang|Jie Hou|Li Sun|Xinyu Zhang|Xinxi Cao|Yabing Hou|Lan Wang|Qiliang Cai|Yaogang Wang
|
Association Between Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Web-Based Data in China: Infodemiology Study
| 2,019 |
Tianjin Medical University|New York University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University|Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University|Tianjin Medical University
|
cancer poses serious threat health chinese people resulting major challenge public health work today people obtain relevant information medical workers hospitals also internet place realtime search behaviors reflect populations awareness cancer completely new perspective could driven underlying cancer epidemiology however webretrieved data yet well validated understoodthis study aimed explore whether correlation exists incidence mortality cancers normalized internet search volumes big data platform baidu also assessed whether distribution people searched specific types cancer differed gender finally determined whether regional disparities among people searched web cancerrelated informationstandard boolean operators used choose search terms type cancer spearmans correlation analysis used explore correlations among monthly search index values cancer type monthly incidence mortality rates conducted cointegration analysis search index data incidence rates examine whether stable equilibrium existed also conducted cointegration analysis search index data mortality datathe monthly baidu index significantly correlated cancer incidence rates 26 28 cancers china lung cancer r80 p001 liver cancer r28 p016 stomach cancer r50 p001 esophageal cancer r50 p001 colorectal cancer r81 p001 pancreatic cancer r86 p001 breast cancer r56 p001 brain nervous system cancer r63 p001 leukemia r75 p001 nonhodgkin lymphoma r88 p001 hodgkin lymphoma r91 p001 cervical cancer r64 p001 prostate cancer r67 p001 bladder cancer r62 p001 gallbladder biliary tract cancer r88 p001 lip oral cavity cancer r88 p001 ovarian cancer r58 p001 larynx cancer r82 p001 kidney cancer r73 p001 squamous cell carcinoma r94 p001 multiple myeloma r84 p001 thyroid cancer r77 p001 malignant skin melanoma r55 p001 mesothelioma r79 p001 testicular cancer r57 p001 basal cell carcinoma r83 p001 monthly baidu index significantly correlated cancer mortality rates 24 27 cancers terms whole population number women searched cancerrelated information slowly risen time people aged 3039 years likely use search engines retrieve cancerrelated knowledge east china highest web search volumes cancersearch behaviors indeed reflect public awareness cancer different angle research internet search behaviors could present innovative timely way monitor estimate cancer incidence mortality rates especially cancers included national registries
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-015-0531-8
|
William M. P. Klein|Michael Stefanek
|
Cancer Risk Elicitation and Communication: Lessons from the Psychology of Risk Perception
| 2,007 |
University of Pittsburgh|American Cancer Society
|
cancer risk perceptions key predictor riskreduction practices health behaviors processing cancer information nevertheless patients general public well health care providers exhibit number errors biases way think risk risk perceptions decisions deviate greatly prescribed normative decision models experts risk assessment example people likely engage screening behaviors mammography faced lossbased messages gainframed messages often ignore base rate given disease assessing risk obtaining disease article review many psychological processes underlie risk perception discuss processes lead deviations among processes difficulties use numerical information innumeracy cognitive processes eg use timesaving heuristics motivational factors eg loss regret aversion emotion conclude suggestions future research area well implications improving elicitation communication personal cancer risk
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4642-9
|
Claire Foster|Matthew Breckons|Phil Cotterell|Dulce Aparecida Barbosa|Lynn Calman|Jessica Corner|Deborah Fenlon|Rebecca Foster|Chloe Grimmett|Alison Richardson|Peter Smith
|
Cancer survivors’ self-efficacy to self-manage in the year following primary treatment
| 2,014 |
University of Southampton|Newcastle University|Sussex Community NHS Foundation Trust|University of Southampton|University of Southampton|University of Southampton|University of Southampton|University of Southampton|University of Southampton|University of Southampton|University of Southampton
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cancer survivors increasingly expected manage consequences cancer treatment evidence selfefficacy important successful selfmanagement enhanced support purpose study assess selfefficacy manage problems year following primary treatment crosssectional online survey included cancer survivors completed treatment within past 12 months selfefficacy assessed variables expected associated selfefficacy measured using validated scales including quality life wellbeing illness perceptions depression social support one hundred eightytwo respondents mean age 50 81 female completed survey treated range cancers commonly breast 45 selfefficacy scores varied individuals according illnessrelated task managed respondents least confident managing fatigue confident accessing information cancer individuals likely report low selfefficacy women experiencing higher levels pain andor depression lower wellbeing scores lower socioeconomic status low levels social support negative perception cancer selfefficacy selfmanage problems faced consequence cancer treatment vary widely year following treatment fatigue may particularly difficult manage variations selfefficacy highlight importance assessing specific problems faced peoples confidence manage order tailor appropriate selfmanagement support
|
https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v6i1.14
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Anja van der Hout|Cornelia F. van Uden?Kraan|Birgit I. Witte|Veerle M.H. Coupé|Femke Jansen|C. René Leemans|Pim Cuijpers|Lonneke V. van de Poll?Franse|Irma M. Verdonck?de Leeuw
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Efficacy, cost-utility and reach of an eHealth self-management application 'Oncokompas' that helps cancer survivors to obtain optimal supportive care: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
| 2,017 |
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam|Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam|Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc|Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc|Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc|Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc|EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research|Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation|EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research
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cancer survivors deal wide range physical symptoms psychological social existential concerns lifestyle issues related cancer treatment therefore essential access optimal supportive care services ehealth selfmanagement application oncokompas developed support cancer survivors need turn advice guidance well increase knowledge availability optimal support randomised controlled trial conducted assess efficacy costutility reach oncokompas ehealth selfmanagement application compared care usual among cancer survivorsadult cancer survivors diagnosed breast colorectal head neck cancer lymphoma 3 months 5 years since curative treatment included total 544 cancer survivors randomly assigned intervention group waitlist control group primary outcome measure patient activation secondary outcome measures include selfefficacy personal control perceived patientphysician interaction need supportive care mental adjustment cancer healthrelated quality life furthermore costutility outcomes assessed reach defined percentage cancer survivors get access oncokompas within context trial questionnaires administered baseline postintervention 3 6month followupin study evaluate efficacy costutility oncokompas among cancer survivors well reach oncokompas essential first steps translation research practice contribute sustainable adoption implementation maintenance evidencebased oncokompasnetherlands trial register identifier ntr5774 registered 8 march 2016
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9467-z
|
Brian A. Primack|Erika L. Douglas|Kevin L. Kraemer
|
Exposure to cannabis in popular music and cannabis use among adolescents
| 2,010 |
University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh
|
cannabis use referenced frequently american popular music yet remains uncertain whether exposure references associated actual cannabis use aimed determine exposure cannabis popular music associated independently current cannabis use cohort urban adolescentswe surveyed 9th grade students three large us urban high schools estimated participants exposure lyrics referent cannabis overall music exposure content analyses favorite artists songs outcomes included current past 30 days ever use cannabis used multivariable regression assess independent associations exposures outcomes controlling important covariateseach 959 participants exposed estimated 27 cannabis references per day correction added 19 january 2010 first online publication 40 changed 27 standard deviation 73 correction added 19 january 2010 first online publication 104 changed 73 twelve per cent n 108 current cannabis users 32 n 286 ever used cannabis compared lowest tertile total cannabis exposure music highest tertile exposure almost twice likely used cannabis past 30 days odds ratio 183 95 confidence interval 104 322 even adjusting sociodemographic variables personality characteristics parenting style expected however significant relationship cannabis exposure variable sham outcome variable alcohol usethis study supports independent association exposure cannabis popular music early cannabis use among urban american adolescents
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-014-9906-y
|
Denis Burnham|Greg Leigh|William Noble|Catherine S. Jones|Margaret I. Tyler|Leonid Grebennikov|Ann Varley
|
Parameters in Television Captioning for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Adults: Effects of Caption Rate Versus Text Reduction on Comprehension
| 2,008 |
Western Sydney University|Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children|Western Sydney University|University of Wollongong|Western Sydney University|Western Sydney University|Australian Communications and Media Authority
|
caption rate text reduction factors appear affect comprehension captions people deaf hard hearing 2 factors confounded everyday captioning rate words per minute slowed text reduction study caption rate text reduction manipulated independently 2 experiments assess differential effects possible benefits comprehension deaf hardofhearing adults volunteers study included adults range reading levels selfreported hearing status different communication language preferences results indicate caption rate 130 180 230 words per minute text reduction 84 92 100 original text different effects different adult users depending hearing status age reading level particular reading level emerges dominant factor proficient readers show better comprehension poor readers better able benefit caption rate extent text reduction modifications
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193047
|
Roselien Buys|Jomme Claes|Deirdre Walsh|Nils Cornelis|Kieran Moran|Werner Budts|Catherine Woods|Véronique Cornelissen
|
Cardiac patients show high interest in technology enabled cardiovascular rehabilitation
| 2,016 |
KU Leuven|KU Leuven|Dublin City University|KU Leuven|Dublin City University|KU Leuven|Dublin City University|KU Leuven
|
cardiac rehabilitation cr slow reverse progression cardiovascular disease cvd however uptake communitybased cr low ecardiology ehealth technology solutions physical activity uptake monitoring evolved rapidly potential cvd management however unclear current technology usage cvd patients needs interests technology enabled cra technology usage questionnaire developed completed patients supervised ambulatory cr program adult congenital heart disease clinic two communitybased cr programs results described related age gender educational level spearman correlationsof 310 patients 298 patients 77 male mean age 617 145 years completed least 25 questions survey included analysis completion rate 96 97 patients mobile phone used internet 91 heart rate monitors used 35 68 reported find heart rate monitoring important exercising home physical activity monitoring reported 12 respondents respondents interested cr support internet 77 mobile phone 68 many patients reported interest gamebased cr 67 virtual rehabilitation 58 least medium interest technology enabled cr reported 75 patients interest decreased increasing age r 016 p 0005cvd patients show interest technology enabled homebased cr results could guide design technologybased virtual cr intervention
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3576
|
Leila Pfaeffli Dale|Robyn Whittaker|Helen Eyles|Cliona Ní Mhurchú|Kylie Ball|Natasha Smith|Ralph Maddison
|
Cardiovascular Disease Self-Management: Pilot Testing of an mHealth Healthy Eating Program
| 2,014 |
University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland|Deakin University|University of Auckland|University of Auckland
|
cardiac rehabilitation cr crucial management cardiovascular disease cvd yet attendance poor mobile technology mhealth offers potential solution increase reach cr paper presents two development studies determine mobile phone usage adults cvd evaluate acceptability mhealth healthy eating cr program methods cr attendees surveyed determine mobile phone usage rates second singlesubject pilot study investigated perceptions 4week theorybased healthy eating mhealth program explored prepost changes selfefficacy results 74 adults cvd completed survey 5074 male mean age 63 10 nearly mobile phones 7074 95 used internet 6974 93 interested receiving cr text message 5774 77 20 participants took part healthy eating pilot study participants read allmost text messages 1920 thought using mobile technology good way deliver program website widely used visiting website reported time consuming exploratory ttests revealed increase heart healthy eating selfefficacy post program particular environmental selfefficacy subset mean 062 sd 074 p 0001 conclusions text messaging seen simple acceptable way deliver nutrition information behavior change strategies however future research needed determine effectiveness programs
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.11.010
|
Rutger W. M. Brouwers|Jos J. Kraal|Simone Traa|Ruud F. Spee|Laurence M. L. C. Oostveen|Hareld Kemps
|
Effects of cardiac telerehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease using a personalised patient-centred web application: protocol for the SmartCare-CAD randomised controlled trial
| 2,017 |
Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen
|
cardiac rehabilitation beneficial effects morbidity mortality patients coronary artery disease vastly underutilised shortterm improvements often sustained telerehabilitation potential overcome barriers superiority convincingly demonstrated yet may due insufficient focus behavioural change development patients selfmanagement skills moreover potentially beneficial communication methods internet video consultation rarely used hypothesise compared centrebased cardiac rehabilitation cardiac telerehabilitation using evidencebased behavioural change strategies modern communication methods ondemand coaching result improved selfmanagement skills sustainable behavioural change translates higher physical activity levels costeffective waythis randomised controlled trial compares cardiac telerehabilitation centrebased cardiac rehabilitation patients coronary artery disease randomise 300 patients entering cardiac rehabilitation centrebased cardiac rehabilitation control group cardiac telerehabilitation intervention group core component intervention patientcentred web application enables patients adjust rehabilitation goals inspect training physical activity data share data caregivers use video consultation six supervised training sessions intervention group continues exercise training home wearing accelerometer heart rate monitor addition physical activity levels assessed accelerometer four days per week patients upload training physical activity data weekly receive feedback video consultation week completion rehabilitation programme ondemand coaching performed training adherence physical activity levels decline 50 primary outcome measure physical activity level assessed baseline three months twelve months calculated accelerometer heart rate data secondary outcome measures include physical fitness quality life anxiety depression patient empowerment patient satisfaction costeffectivenessthis study one first studies evaluating effects costs cardiac telerehabilitation intervention comprising combination modern technology evidencebased behavioural change strategies including relapse prevention hypothesise intervention superior effects exercise behaviour without exceeding costs traditional centrebased interventionnetherlands trial register ntr5156 registered 22 april 2015
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-015-0058-y
|
Konstantinos Antypas|Silje C Wangberg
|
E-Rehabilitation – an Internet and mobile phone based tailored intervention to enhance self-management of Cardiovascular Disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
| 2,012 |
University Hospital of North Norway|UiT The Arctic University of Norway|University Hospital of North Norway|UiT The Arctic University of Norway
|
cardiac rehabilitation important recovery secondary prevention cardiovascular disease one main strategies increase level physical activity internet mobile phone based interventions successfully used help people achieve one components related efficacy interventions tailoring content individual trial studying effect longitudinally tailored internet mobile phone based intervention based models health behaviour level physical activity adherence intervention extension facetoface cardiac rehabilitation stay parallel group cluster randomized controlled trial study population adult participants cardiac rehabilitation programme norway home internet access mobile phone monthly clusters randomized control intervention condition participants access website information regarding cardiac rehabilitation online discussion forum online activity calendar randomized intervention condition receive addition tailored content based models health behaviour website mobile text messages objective assess effect intervention maintenance selfmanagement behaviours rehabilitation stay main outcome level physical activity one month three months one year end cardiac rehabilitation programme randomization clusters based true random number online service participants investigators outcome assessor blinded condition clusters study suggests theorybased intervention combines models health behaviour innovative way order tailor delivered content users actively involved design use opensource software intervention easily lowcost reproduced expanded others challenges recruitment elderly population possible underrepresentation women study sample funding northern norway regional health authority trial registry httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov nct01223170
|
https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.51236
|
Marie Veje Knudsen|Annemette Krintel Petersen|Sanne Angel|Vibeke E. Hjortdal|Helle Terkildsen Maindal|Sussie Laustsen
|
Tele-rehabilitation and hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation are comparable in increasing patient activation and health literacy: A pilot study
| 2,019 |
Aarhus University Hospital|Aarhus University|Aarhus University Hospital|Aarhus University|Aarhus University|Aarhus University|Aarhus University Hospital|Aarhus University|Aarhus University|Aarhus University Hospital|VIA University College
|
cardiac telerehabilitation defined using information communication technology support rehabilitation services however requires high level patient activation health literacy yet exploredthe purpose study evaluate patient activation health literacy telerehabilitation compared hospitalbased cardiac rehabilitationwe conducted pilot study patients ischaemic heart valve disease nonrandomised design 24 patients attended 12week telerehabilitation programme 53 matched controls 12week hospitalbased cardiac rehabilitation programme primary outcome patient activation assessed using patient activation measure intervention end intervention followup six months intervention secondary outcome health literacy assessed using three dimensions health literacy questionnaire rehabilitation sixmonth followup actively manage health hlq3 ability engage healthcare providers hlq6 understanding health information hlq9patient activation improved similarly telerehabilitation hospitalbased cardiac rehabilitation time points six months intervention patients telerehabilitation significantly improved dimension hlq6 compared patients hospitalbased cardiac rehabilitation significant betweengroup differences found hlq3 hlq9telerehabilitation hospitalbased cardiac rehabilitation seemed equally successful improving patient activation health literacy telerehabilitation tested randomised controlled trial focus whether patient levels education selfmanagement initiation rehabilitation decisive factors telerehabilitation participation
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3187-1
|
Andrew S. Epstein|Angelo E. Volandes|Ling Y. Chen|Kristen Gary|Yuelin Li|Patricia Agre|Tomer T. Levin|Diane Lauren Reidy|Raymond D. Meng|Neil H. Segal|Kenneth H. Yu|Ghassan K. Abou?Alfa|Yelena Y. Janjigian|David P. Kelsen|Eileen M. O’Reilly
|
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Video in Advance Care Planning for Progressive Pancreas and Hepatobiliary Cancer Patients
| 2,013 |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Massachusetts General Hospital|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
|
cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr important advance directive ad topic patients progressive cancer however discussions challengingthis study investigates whether video educational information cpr engenders broader advance care planning acp discoursepatients progressive pancreas hepatobiliary cancer randomized educational cpr video similar cpr narrative primary endpoint difference acp documentation one month posttest arms secondary endpoints included study impressions pre postintervention knowledge preferences cpr mechanical ventilation longitudinal patient outcomesfiftysix subjects consented analyzed rates acp documentation either formal ads documented discussions 40 video arm 1230 compared 15 narrative arm 426 or36 95 ci 09180 p007 postintervention knowledge higher arms posttest preferences cpr changed video arm narrative arm preferences regarding mechanical ventilation change either arm majority subjects arms reported information helpful comfortable discuss recommended others deaths occurred video arm compared narrative arm subjects died hospice settings video armthis pilot randomized trial addressing downstream acp effects video versus narrative decision tools demonstrated trend towards acp documentation video subjects trend well video effects subject ongoing study
|
https://doi.org/10.12700/aph.20.3.2023.3.6
|
Reza Pourmirza Kalhori|Moslem Najafi|Azadeh Foroughinia|Fatemeh Mahmoodi
|
A study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation literacy among the personnel of universities of medical sciences based in Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces based on the latest 2015 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines
| 2,021 |
Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch|Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences|Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences|Tehran University of Medical Sciences
|
cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr regarded important skill medical staff required aware latest changes cpr guidelines take effective actions critical conditions cpr therefore present study aimed determine levels cpr literacy among personnel universities medical sciences based kermanshah khuzestan provinces based latest 2015 cpr guidelines 2019in descriptive analytical crosssectional study 525 subjects selected sample population using twostage cluster sampling data collection researchermade questionnaire used whose content validity reliability confirmed r 071 study screened data received analyzed valid data set ttest spearmans correlation coefficient incorporating spss statistics software version 230 addition p 005 considered statistically significantthe 2015 cpr literacy levels samples follows excellent 85 subjects 162 good 404 subjects 77 average 36 subjects 69 results pearsons correlation coefficient revealed weak inverse relationship levels cpr literacy age samples r 0092 work experience 0029 statistically significant addition results mannwhitney utest demonstrated level cpr literacy among personnel ahwaz university medical sciences exceeded among personnel kermanshah university medical sciences p 0001it suggested retraining nursing paramedical personnel cpr carried emphasis changes introduced guideline compared 2010 including esophageal tracheal airway reasons cessation cpr intraosseous infusion induced hypothermia
|
https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2305971
|
Robyn Clark|Tania Marin|Narelle Berry|J. Atherton|Jonathon Foote|Bogda Koczwara
|
Cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular disease risk assessment for patients receiving breast cancer treatment
| 2,017 |
Flinders University|Flinders University|University of East Anglia|Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital|University of Queensland|Flinders University|Flinders University
|
cardiotoxicity anticancer therapy affects heart function structure cardiotoxicity also lead accelerated development chronic diseases especially presence risk factorsthis study aimed develop pilot combined cardiovascular disease cardiotoxicity risk assessment questionnaire quantify potential extent risk factors breast cancer patients prior treatment questionnaire underwent content face validity evaluation expert panel followed pilot testing sample breast cancer patients n 36 questionnaires selfadministered attending chemotherapy clinic presence research assistantmean age participants 548 years range 3672 years participants reported cvd risk factors including diabetes 28 hypertension 198 hypercholesterolaemia 11 sleep apnoea 5 lifestyle risk factors included eating recommended serves vegetables 100 fruit 78 per day smoking 13 regularly consuming alcohol 75 twenty five percent reported physically inactive 61 overweight obese 24 little social support 30 recorded high high psychological distress participants highly 75 reluctant undertake lifestyle changes ie changing alcohol consumption dietary habits good emotionalmental health strategies improving physical activity quitting smoking learning hearthealth weight lossthis study important step towards prevention management treatmentassociated cardiotoxicity breast cancer diagnosis recommend questionnaire providing important data included cancer registries researchers establish relationship cvd risk profile cardiotoxicity outcomes study revealed important teaching opportunities could used examine impact health literacy help patients better understand consequences cancer treatment
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-36
|
Antonio de Marvao|Timothy Dawes|Declan P. O’Regan
|
Artificial Intelligence for Cardiac Imaging-Genetics Research
| 2,020 |
MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences|Imperial College London|MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences|Imperial College London|MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences|Imperial College London
|
cardiovascular conditions remain leading cause mortality morbidity worldwide genotype significant influence disease risk cardiac imaginggenetics aims identify characterise genetic variants influence functional physiological anatomical phenotypes derived cardiovascular imaging highthroughput dna sequencing genotyping greatly accelerated genetic discovery making variant interpretation one key challenges contemporary clinical genetics heterogeneous lowfidelity phenotyping difficulties integrating analysing largescale genetic imaging clinical datasets using traditional statistical approaches impeded process artificial intelligence ai methods deep learning particularly suited tackle challenges scalability high dimensionality data show promise field cardiac imaginggenetics review current state ai applied imaginggenetics research discuss outstanding methodological challenges field moves pilot studies mainstream applications one dimensional global descriptors highresolution models wholeorgan shape function univariate multivariate analysis candidate gene genomewide approaches finally consider future directions prospects ai imaginggenetics ultimately helping understand genetic environmental underpinnings cardiovascular health disease
|
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00437
|
Mary Anne Toepperwein|Linda A. Pruski|Cheryl L. Blalock|Olivia R. Lemelle|Michael J. Lichtenstein
|
Getting the word out: Teaching middle-school children about cardiovascular disease
| 2,008 |
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio|The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio|The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio|The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio|The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
|
cardiovascular disease cvd roots childhood cvd begins early clear strong case early education focused cvd primary prevention exists scientists traditionally involved disseminating health knowledge public education similarly public school teachers typically access biomedical research may increase students health science literacy one way bridge cultural gap researchers school teachers form scienceeducation partnerships partnerships successful teams scientists teachers must translate biomedical research plain language appropriate students work briefly review need improving health literacy especially schoolbased programs describe work one model scientistteacher partnership teacher enrichment initiatives examples cardiovascular research translated plain language lessons middleschool students provided practical considerations researchers pursuing scienceeducation partnership delineated
|
https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x028004018
|
Abdelmoneim Awad|Hala Al-Nafisi
|
Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey
| 2,014 |
Kuwait University|Kuwait University
|
cardiovascular disease cvd estimated cause 46 mortalities kuwait design effective primary secondary prevention programs assessment populations prior cvd knowledge paramount importance scarcity data existing cvd knowledge among general kuwaiti population hence study performed assess level knowledge towards cvd types warning symptoms heart attack stroke cvd risk factors also explored public views community pharmacists role cvd prevention management descriptive crosssectional survey performed using pretested selfadministered questionnaire sample 900 randomly selected kuwaiti individuals descriptive multivariate logistic regression analysis used data analysis response rate 907 respondents knowledge types cvd heart attack stroke symptoms low almost 60 respondents know type cvd coronary heart disease commonest identified type 290 twofifths participants aware heart attack symptoms commonly known chest pain 504 shortness breath 480 approximately half respondents recognize stroke symptoms commonly recognized confusion trouble speaking 364 numbness weakness 347 respondents knowledge regarding cvd risk factors moderate commonest factors identified fourfifths participants smoking obesity unhealthy diet physical inactivity multivariate logistic regression analysis independent predictors better level cvd knowledge females age 5059 years high level education regular eating healthy diet family history cvd respondents identified role pharmacists play help patients manage medications minimal role aspects cvd prevention management deficiencies cvd knowledge among kuwaiti population could turn insufficient preventative behaviours suboptimal patient outcomes apparent need establish widespread effective educational interventions sensitive perceptions attitudes abilities targeted individuals
|
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140555
|
Ruth Webster|Heeley
|
Perceptions of risk: understanding cardiovascular disease
| 2,010 |
The George Institute for Global Health
|
cardiovascular disease cvd still leading cause death disability worldwide despite availability wellestablished effective preventive options accurate perception patients risk patient doctors important one components determine healthrelated behavior doctors tend use cardiovascular cv risk calculators underestimate absolute cv risk patients patients show optimistic bias considering risk consistently underestimate poor patient health literacy numeracy must considered thinking problem patients must possess reasonably high level understanding numerical processes doctors discuss risk level possessed large numbers population order overcome barrier doctors need utilize various tools including appropriate use visual aids accurately communicate risk patients intervention shown better nothing improving health understanding simple process repeatedly conveying risk information patient shown improve accuracy risk perception doctors need take responsibility accurate assessment effective communication cv risk patients order improve patient uptake cardioprotective lifestyle choices preventive medications
|
https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1902
|
Héctor E. Alcalá|Stephanie L. Albert|Dylan H. Roby|Jacob Beckerman|Philippe Champagne|Ron Brookmeyer|Michael Prelip|Deborah Glik|Moira Inkelas|Rosa Elenna Garcia|Alexander N. Ortega
|
Access to Care and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
| 2,015 | null |
cardiovascular disease cvd leading killer americans cvd understudied among latinos high levels cvd risk factors study aimed determine whether access health care ie insurance status usual source care associated 4 cvd prevention factors ie health care utilization cvd screening information received health care providers lifestyle factors among latino adults evaluate whether associations depended cvd clinical riskdiseasedata collected part communityengaged food environment intervention study east los angeles boyle heights ca logistic regressions fitted insurance status usual source care predictors 4 cvd prevention factors controlling demographics analyses repeated interactions selfreported cvd clinical riskdisease access care measuresaccess health care significantly increased odds cvd prevention usual source care associated factors prevention whereas insured associated factors prevention cvd clinical riskdisease moderate associationsalthough efforts reduce cvd risk among latinos affordable care act could impactful might limited impact curbing cvd among latinos via laws expansion insurance coverage cvd prevention efforts must expand beyond provision insurance effectively lower cvd rates
|
https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2016.1141526
|
Thomas A. Gaziano|Shafika Abrahams?Gessel|Catalina Denman|Carlos Mendoza Montano|Masuma Akter Khanam|Thandi Puoane|Naomi Levitt
|
An assessment of community health workers' ability to screen for cardiovascular disease risk with a simple, non-invasive risk assessment instrument in Bangladesh, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa: an observational study
| 2,015 |
Brigham and Women's Hospital|El Colegio de Sonora|Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama|International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research|University of the Western Cape|University of Cape Town
|
cardiovascular disease contributes substantially noncommunicable disease ncd burden lowincome middleincome countries also often substantial health personnel shortages observational study investigated whether community health workers could communitybased screenings predict cardiovascular disease risk effectively could physicians nurses simple noninvasive risk prediction indicator lowincome middleincome countriesthis observation study done bangladesh guatemala mexico south africa site recruited least ten 15 community health workers based usual sitespecific norms required levels education language competency community health workers reside community screenings done fluent communitys predominant language workers trained calculate absolute cardiovascular disease risk score previously validated simple noninvasive screening indicator community health workers successfully finished training screened community residents aged 3574 years without previous diagnosis hypertension diabetes heart disease health professionals independently generated second risk score instrument two sets scores compared agreement primary endpoint study level direct agreement risk scores assigned community health workers health professionalsof 68 community health worker trainees recruited june 4 2012 feb 8 2013 42 deemed qualified fieldwork 15 bangladesh eight guatemala nine mexico ten south africa across sites 4383 community members approached participation 4049 completed screening mean level agreement two sets risk scores 968 weighted 0948 95 ci 09360961 community health workers showed 263 6 4049 people 5year cardiovascular disease risk greater 20health workers without formal professional training adequately trained effectively screen identify people high risk cardiovascular disease using community health workers screening would free trained health professionals lowresource settings tasks need high levels formal professional training
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-008-0035-x
|
Ines Frederix|Enrico Gianluca Caiani|Paul Dendale|Stefan D. Anker|Jeroen J. Bax|Alan Böhm|Martin R. Cowie|John Crawford|Natasja de Groot|Polychronis Dilaveris|Tina Birgitte Hansen|Friedrich Koehler|Goran Krsta?i?|Ekaterini Lambrinou|Patrizio Lancellotti|Pascal Meier|Lis Neubeck|Gianfranco Parati|Ewa Piotrowicz|Marco Tubaro|Enno van der Velde
|
ESC e-Cardiology Working Group Position Paper: Overcoming challenges in digital health implementation in cardiovascular medicine
| 2,019 |
Jessa Hospital|Antwerp University Hospital|Hasselt University|University of Antwerp|Politecnico di Milano|Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering|Jessa Hospital|Hasselt University|Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Leiden University Medical Center|National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases|Slovak Medical University|Imperial College London|Healthcare Infection Society|Erasmus MC|Hippocration General Hospital|Zealand University Hospital|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|University of Osijek|Cyprus University of Technology|University of Liège|University Hospital of Geneva|Edinburgh Napier University|IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano|University of Milano-Bicocca|Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico|Institute of Cardiology|Ospedale San Filippo Neri|Leiden University Medical Center
|
cardiovascular disease one main causes morbidity mortality worldwide despite availability highly effective treatments contemporary burden disease remains huge digital health interventions hold promise improve quality experience cardiovascular care position paper provides brief overview currently existing digital health applications different cardiovascular disease settings provides reader relevant challenges largescale deployment europe potential role different stakeholders related challenges identified key points suggestions proceed given position paper developed european society cardiology esc ecardiology working group close collaboration esc digital health committee european association preventive cardiology european heart rhythm association heart failure association european association cardiovascular imaging acute cardiovascular care association european association percutaneous cardiovascular interventions association cardiovascular nursing allied professions council hypertension relates escs action plan mission play proactive role aspects ehealth agenda support cardiovascular health europe aims used guiding document cardiologists relevant stakeholders field digital health
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-023-06603-5
|
Sue Crengle|Janet Smylie|Margaret Kelaher|Michelle Lambert|Susan Reid|Joanne Luke|Ian Anderson|Jennie Harré Hindmarsh|Matire Harwood
|
Cardiovascular disease medication health literacy among Indigenous peoples: design and protocol of an intervention trial in Indigenous primary care services
| 2,014 |
University of Auckland|St. Michael's Hospital|University of Melbourne|University of Auckland|Victorian Aboriginal Health Service|University of Melbourne|University of Auckland
|
cardiovascular diseases cvd leading causes mortality morbidity among indigenous people new zealand australia canada major driver inequities life expectancy indigenous nonindigenous people countries evidencebased pharmaceutical management cvd significantly reduce mortality morbidity persons diagnosed cvd intermediate high risk cvd health literacy identified major barrier communication implementation appropriate pharmaceutical management plans cvd addressing health literacy particularly relevant indigenous populations unique health adult literacy challenges study examine effect customized structured cvd medication programme delivered health professionals health literacy indigenous people risk cvd primary outcomes patients knowledge cvd medications secondary outcomes examine changes health literacy skills practices study employ multisite prepost design multiple measurement points assess intervention efficacy participants recruited four indigenous primary care services australia canada new zealand three educational sessions delivered four weeks tablet application support education sessions produce customized pill card participant participants provided written information cvd medications medication knowledge scores specific health literacy skills practices assessed three sessions statistical analyses identify significant changes outcomes session presession one postsession three time points study make important contribution understanding effect structured primary carebased intervention cvd health literacy indigenous populations study also illustrates incorporation indigenous health research principles processes clinical trials provides insights may useful contexts australian new zealand clinical trials register actrn12612001309875 date registration 18122012
|
https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
|
Rajeev Gupta|Soneil Guptha|Rajnish Joshi|Denis Xavier
|
Translating evidence into policy for cardiovascular disease control in India
| 2,011 |
Fortis Escorts Hospital|Fortis Escorts Hospital|Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences|St.John's Medical College Hospital
|
cardiovascular diseases cvd leading causes premature mortality india evidence developed countries shows mortality substantially prevented using populationwide individualbased strategies policy initiatives control cvd india suggested evidence efficacy emerged recently initiatives immediate impact reducing morbidity mortality prevention strategies primordial involve improvement socioeconomic status literacy adequate healthcare financing public health insurance effective national cvd control programme smoking control policies legislative control saturated fats trans fats salt alcohol development facilities increasing physical activity better urban planning schoolbased worksite interventions primary prevention entails change medical educational curriculum improved healthcare delivery control cvd risk factorssmoking hypertension dyslipidemia diabetes secondary prevention involves creation facilities human resources optimum acute cvd care secondary prevention need integrate various policy makers develop effective policies modify healthcare systems effective delivery cvd preventive care
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https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8020024
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Hayden B. Bosworth|Benjamin Powers|Eugene Ž. Oddone
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Patient Self-Management Support: Novel Strategies in Hypertension and Heart Disease
| 2,010 |
Duke University|Duke University|Duke University
|
cardiovascular diseases cvds become leading cause death disability countries world article addresses patient selfmanagement crucial component effective highquality health care hypertension cvd patient must collaborator process methods improving patients ability confidence selfmanagement needed successful selfmanagement programs often supplemented traditional patientphysician encounter using nonphysician providers remote patient encounters telephone internet group settings peer support promoting selfmanagement several factors need considered selfmanagement given health care systems inability achieve several quality indicators using traditional officebased physician visits consideration needed determine degree interventions programs integrated primary care effectiveness different groups sustainability improving chronic disease care
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https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4386
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Noushin Fahimfar|Davood Khalili|Sadaf G Sepanlou|Reza Malekzadeh|Fereidoun Azizi|Mohammad Alì Mansournia|Hamidreza Roohafza|Mohammad Hassan Emamian|Farzad Hadaegh|Hossein Poustchi|Marjan Mansourian|Hassan Hashemi|Maryam Sharafkhah|Akram Pourshams|Farshad Farzadfar|Ewout W. Steyerberg|Akbar Fotouhi
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Cardiovascular mortality in a Western Asian country: results from the Iran Cohort Consortium
| 2,018 |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences|Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences|National Student Clearinghouse Research Center|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences|Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences|National Student Clearinghouse Research Center|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Cardiovascular Research Center|Isfahan University of Medical Sciences|Cardiovascular Institute Hospital|Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia|Shahroud University of Medical Sciences|Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences|National Student Clearinghouse Research Center|Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Cardiovascular Research Center|Isfahan University of Medical Sciences|Cardiovascular Institute Hospital|Noor Eye Hospital|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Center for Non-Communicable Diseases|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Erasmus MC|Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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cardiovascular mortality western asia high still rising however data documented risk prediction derived western countries populationbased cohort studies conducted region current study aimed present process pooling data cardiovascular disease cvd mortality incidences four iranian cohortsfrom iran cohort consortium golestan cohort study gcs tehran lipid glucose study isfahan cohort study ics shahroud eye cohort study shecs eligible current study since appropriate data followup visits agestandardised cvd mortality rates estimated ages 4080 4065 years cox regression used compare mortalities among cohorts adjusted marginal rates calculated using poisson regressionoverall 61 291 participants 34 880 women aged 4080 years free cvd baseline included 504 606 personyears followup 1981 cvd deaths 885 women occurred agestandardisedsexstandardised premature cvd mortality rates estimated 133 per 100 000 personyears 95 ci 81 184 shecs 366 95 ci 342 389 gcs compared urban women rural women higher cvd mortality gcs ics gcs population higher risk cvd mortality compared others adjusted conventional cvd risk factorsthe incidence cvd mortality high differences urban rural cohorts iran western asian country pooling data facilitates opportunity globally evaluate risk prediction models
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https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.45.1.31
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Maili Malin|Mika Gissler
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Maternal care and birth outcomes among ethnic minority women in Finland
| 2,009 |
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare|Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
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care pregnancy labour great importance every culture studies show people migrant origin barriers obtaining accessible good quality care compared people host society aim study compare access use maternity services outcomes among ethnic minority women singleton birth finlandthe study based data finnish medical birth register 19992001 linked information statistics finland womans country birth citizenship mother tongue study data included 6532 women foreign origin 39 singletons giving singleton birth finland 19992001 compared 158469 finnish origin singletonsmost women migrated last fifteen years mainly russia baltic countries somalia east europe migrant origin women participated substantially prenatal care interventions performed needed pregnancy childbirth varied ethnic groups women african somali origin health problems resulted highest perinatal mortality rates women east europe middle east north africa somalia significant risk low birth weight small gestational age newborns premature newborns found among women middle east north africa south asia primiparous women africa somalia latin america caribbean caesarean sections newborns latin american origin interventions birthdespite good general coverage maternal care among migrant origin women clear variations type treatment given needed african origin women health problems pregnancy childbirth worst perinatal outcomes indicating urgent need targeted preventive special care study results confirm either healthy migrant effect epidemiological paradox according migrant origin women considerable good birth outcomes
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https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417712760
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Maria Gabriella Melchiorre|Roberta Papa|Mieke Rijken|Ewout van Ginneken|Anneli Hujala|Francesco Barbabella
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eHealth in integrated care programs for people with multimorbidity in Europe: Insights from the ICARE4EU project
| 2,018 |
Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani|Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani|Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research|University of Eastern Finland|Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani|Linnaeus University
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care people multimorbidity requires integrated approach order adequately meet complex needs respect ehealth could help paper aims describe implementation well benefits barriers ehealth applications integrated care programs targeting people multimorbidity european countries including insights older people 65within framework icare4eu project 2014 expert organizations 24 european countries identified 101 integrated care programs based selected inclusion criteria managers programs completed related online questionnaire addressing various aspects including use ehealth paper analyze data questionnaire addition qualitative information six programs selected high potential innovative approach studied depth site visitsout 101 programs 85 adopted ehealth applications 42 focused explicitly older people cases electronic health records ehrs registration databases patients data tools communication care providers implemented percentages slightly higher programs addressing older people ehealth improves care integration management processes inadequate funding mechanisms interoperability technical support represent major barriersfindings seems suggest ehealth could support integrated care older people multimorbidity
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01527.x
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Jesse C. Crosson|Pamela Ohman?Strickland|Katharina Hähn|Barbara DiCicco?Bloom|Eric K. Shaw|A. John Orzano|Benjamin F. Crabtree
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Electronic Medical Records and Diabetes Quality of Care: Results From a Sample of Family Medicine Practices
| 2,007 |
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|Johnson University|Johnson University|Johnson University|Johnson University|Johnson University|Johnson University|Cancer Institute of Florida|Johnson University|Cancer Institute of Florida
|
care patients diabetes requires management complex clinical information may improved use electronic medical record emr however actual relationship emr usage diabetes care quality primary care settings well understood assessed relationship emr usage diabetes care quality sample family medicine practiceswe conducted crosssectional analyses baseline data 50 practices participating practice improvement study april 2003 december 2004 chart auditors reviewed random sample medical records patients diabetes practice adherence guidelines diabetes processes care treatment achievement intermediate outcomes practice leaders provided medical record system information conducted multivariate analyses relationship emr usage diabetes care adjusting potential practice patientlevel confounders practicelevel clusteringdiabetes care quality practices showed room improvement however adjustment patient care 37 practices using emr likely meet guidelines process odds ratio 225 95 confidence interval ci 142357 treatment 167 95 ci 107260 intermediate outcomes 268 95 ci 149482 13 practices using emrthe use emr primary care practices insufficient insuring highquality diabetes care efforts expand emr use focus improving technology also developing methods implementing integrating technology practice reality
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01660.x
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Christine S. Ritchie|Thomas K. Houston|Joshua Richman|Heather J. Sobko|Eta S. Berner|Benjamin Taylor|Amanda H. Salanitro|Julie L. Locher
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The E-Coach technology-assisted care transition system: a pragmatic randomized trial
| 2,016 |
University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of California, San Francisco|Quality Enhancement Research Initiative|Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|Birmingham VA Medical Center|Southern Research Institute|VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System|Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center|Vanderbilt University|Alabama Department of Public Health
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care transitions hospital home remain vulnerable time many patients especially heart failure chf chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd despite regular use chronic disease management remains unclear technology best support patients transition hospital sought evaluate impact technologysupported care transition support program hospitalizations days community mortality using pragmatic randomized trial enrolled patients 511 enrolled 478 analyzed hospitalized chfcopd ecoach intervention conditionspecific customization inhospital postdischarge support care transition nurse ctn interactive voice response postdischarge calls ctn followup versus usual postdischarge care uc primary outcome 30day rehospitalization secondary outcomes included 1 rehospitalization death 2 days hospital community ecoach uc groups similar baseline except gender imbalance p 002 adjustment gender primary outcome 30day rehospitalization rates differ ecoach uc groups 150 vs 163 adjusted hazard ratio 95 confidence interval 094 060 149 however copd subgroup ecoach associated significantly fewer days hospital 05 vs 16 p 003 ecoach ivraugmented care transition intervention reduce rehospitalization positive impact secondary outcome days hospital among copd patients chf may suggest ecoach may beneficial among patients copd nih trial registry number nct01135381 trial protocol httpdxdoiorg101016jcct201208007
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-017-0097-x
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Caveh Madjdpour|Donat R. Spahn
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Allogeneic red blood cell transfusions: efficacy, risks, alternatives and indications
| 2,005 | null |
careful assessment risks benefits precede decision allogeneic red blood cell rbc transfusion currently number key issues transfusion medicine highly controversial importantly influence different transfusion thresholds clinical outcome aim article review current evidence blood transfusions highlight hot topics respect efficacy outcome risks provide reader transfusion guidelines addition brief synopsis transfusion alternatives given based uptodate information current evidence together clinical knowledge experience physician able make transfusion decisions bear lowest risk patient careful assessment risks benefits precede decision allogeneic red blood cell rbc transfusion currently number key issues transfusion medicine highly controversial importantly influence different transfusion thresholds clinical outcome aim article review current evidence blood transfusions highlight hot topics respect efficacy outcome risks provide reader transfusion guidelines addition brief synopsis transfusion alternatives given based uptodate information current evidence together clinical knowledge experience physician able make transfusion decisions bear lowest risk patient thorough knowledge oxygen transport physiology anaemia still considered important factor guiding decisions red blood cell rbc transfusions31hbert pc van der linden p biro g hu lq physiologic aspects anemiacrit care clin 2004 20 187212abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 119 google scholar thus emphasize basic principles oxygen supply adequately matched tissue oxygen needs ensure aerobic cell respiration wholebody oxygen delivery do2 product blood flow cardiac output co arterial oxygen content cao2 do2cocao2 do2 expressed ml min1 co l min1 cao2 ml l1 cao2 sum haemoglobinbound oxygen oxygen dissolved plasma cao2sao2k1hbk2pao2 sao2 arterial oxygen saturation k1134 ml g1 oxygencarrying capacity haemoglobin hb g l1 haemoglobin concentration k2023 ml l1 kpa1 plasma oxygen dissolution coefficient body temperature pao2 kpa partial pressure oxygen arterial blood thus complete formula describing oxygen delivery do2cosao2k1hbk2pao2 physiological conditions breathing air oxygen 98 bound haemoglobin amount dissolved plasma 2 relatively minor importance however cases extreme haemodilution ventilation 100 oxygen hyperoxic ventilation changes relationship dramatically since plasma compartment haemodiluted patients significantly augmented hyperoxic ventilation result substantial increase physically dissolved oxygen shown haemoglobin concentrations low 3 g dl1 physically dissolved oxygen contributes 74 oxygen consumption vo228habler op kleen ms hutter jw et alhemodilution intravenous perflubron emulsion alternative blood transfusion effects tissue oxygenation profound hemodilution anesthetized dogstransfusion 1998 38 145155crossref pubmed scopus 76 google scholar reduces mortality significantly51meier j kemming gi kischwedel h wolkhammer habler op hyperoxic ventilation reduces 6hour mortality critical hemoglobin concentrationanesthesiology 2004 100 7076crossref pubmed scopus 91 google scholar therefore hyperoxic ventilation proposed additional method reducing need allogeneic rbc transfusions cases blood loss26habler kleen kemming g zwissler b hyperoxia extreme hemodilutioneur surg res 2002 34 181187crossref pubmed scopus 25 google scholar important note blood flow one key determinants do2 regulated level central circulation represented co formula also regional level blood flow organs microcirculatory level blood flow within organs54morisaki h sibbald wj tissue oxygen delivery microcirculationcrit care clin 2004 20 213223abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 43 google scholar physiological conditions do2 8001200 ml min1 exceeds vo2 200300 ml min1 factor 4 resulting oxygen extraction ratio o2ervo2do2 2030 consequently even marked isolated decrease haemoglobin concentration determinants do2 remaining constant still result sufficient do2 meet tissue oxygen requirements however critical threshold haemoglobin concentration decrease do2 also vo2 relationship vo2 do2 referred concept critical do2 do2crit do2crit tissue oxygenation sufficient represented constant vo2 thus do2 independent contrast do2crit oxygen demands longer met resulting decrease vo2 state characterized vo2do2 dependency development tissue hypoxia40jamnicki kocian r van der linden p zaugg spahn dr acute normovolemic hemodilution physiology limitations clinical usej cardiothorac vasc anesth 2003 17 747754abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 68 google scholar leads important question physiological mechanisms compensate decrease haemoglobin concentration anaemia order maintain do2 do2crit surgical blood loss trauma major reasons blood transfusion82stanworth sj cockburn ha boralessa h contreras groups patients transfused study red cell usage london southeast englandvox sang 2002 83 352357crossref pubmed scopus 64 google scholar one main goals patients blood loss maintain normovolaemia therefore assume hypovolaemia corrected refer situation normovolaemic anaemia adaptative responses decrease haemoglobin concentration include blood flow alterations central regional microcirculatory level shift oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve resulting key determinants adaptation anaemia increase co redistribution blood flow organs increase o2er54morisaki h sibbald wj tissue oxygen delivery microcirculationcrit care clin 2004 20 213223abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 43 google scholar regulation blood flow level central circulation determined co response anaemia increase co due mainly two mechanisms reduced blood viscosity increased sympathetic stimulation heart decrease blood viscosity due lower haemoglobin concentration leads increased venous return thus increased preload another consequence lower blood viscosity decrease systemic vascular resistance afterload31hbert pc van der linden p biro g hu lq physiologic aspects anemiacrit care clin 2004 20 187212abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 119 google scholar increased sympathetic activity leads increase myocardial contractility contributes significantly increased co27habler kleen podtschaske et althe effect acute normovolemic hemodilution anh myocardial contractility anesthetized dogsanesth analg 1996 83 451458crossref pubmed scopus 70 google scholar increase heart rate response increased sympathetic activity relevant humans receiving medication40jamnicki kocian r van der linden p zaugg spahn dr acute normovolemic hemodilution physiology limitations clinical usej cardiothorac vasc anesth 2003 17 747754abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 68 google scholar95weiskopf rb feiner j hopf h et alheart rate increases linearly response acute isovolemic anemiatransfusion 2003 43 235240crossref pubmed scopus 57 google scholar contrast anaesthetized humans heart rate seem respond anaemia40jamnicki kocian r van der linden p zaugg spahn dr acute normovolemic hemodilution physiology limitations clinical usej cardiothorac vasc anesth 2003 17 747754abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 68 google scholar76spahn dr leone bj reves jg pasch cardiovascular coronary physiology acute isovolemic hemodilution review nonoxygencarrying oxygencarrying solutionsanesth analg 1994 78 10001021crossref pubmed google scholar95weiskopf rb feiner j hopf h et alheart rate increases linearly response acute isovolemic anemiatransfusion 2003 43 235240crossref pubmed scopus 57 google scholar therefore increase co response normovolaemic anaemia anaesthetized patients primarily due augmented stroke volume increase heart rate considered sign hypovolaemia regional adaptation blood flow response anaemia comprises redistribution nonvital vital organs heart brain mediated adrenergic system especially important myocardium physiologically high o2er relatively small oxygen extraction reserve thus do2 heart primarily increased augmenting coronary blood flow contrast brain also able increase o2er significantly addition response elevated blood flow microcirculation homogeneity capillary bed augmented occurs respect changes time temporal heterogeneity differences vessels spatial heterogeneity onethird capillaries perfused normal conditions resulting homogeneity leads increased o2er54morisaki h sibbald wj tissue oxygen delivery microcirculationcrit care clin 2004 20 213223abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 43 google scholar finally owing increased synthesis 23diphosphoglycerate 23dpg red cells oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve shifts right thus allowing haemoglobinbound oxygen released given oxygen partial pressure31hbert pc van der linden p biro g hu lq physiologic aspects anemiacrit care clin 2004 20 187212abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 119 google scholar view mechanisms adaptation anaemia rationale behind rbc transfusions efficacy proven rationale underlying rbc transfusion aim increasing cao2 thus do2 essentially increasing vo2 thereby restoring adequate tissue oxygenation71spahn dr benefits red blood cell transfusion evidencetatm 1999 1 610google scholar increasing do2 without concomitant increase vo2 would indicate absence vo2do2 dependency thus increase do2 would strictly physiological point view questionable relevance71spahn dr benefits red blood cell transfusion evidencetatm 1999 1 610google scholar hbert colleagues30hbert pc mcdonald bj tinmouth clinical consequences anemia red cell transfusion critically illcrit care clin 2004 20 225235abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 42 google scholar identified 18 studies examining effect rbc transfusions oxygenation variables studies significant increase haemoglobin concentration response blood transfusion four increase do2 furthermore 14 studies increase do2 parallel increase vo2 detected five30hbert pc mcdonald bj tinmouth clinical consequences anemia red cell transfusion critically illcrit care clin 2004 20 225235abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 42 google scholar lack increase vo2 rbc transfusion could explained absence oxygen debt prior infusion indeed evidence experimental studies preexisting vo2do2 dependency thus tissue hypoxia followed increase vo2 rbc transfusion20fitzgerald rd martin cm dietz ge doig gs potter rf sibbald wj transfusing red blood cells stored citrate phosphate dextrose adenine1 28 days fails improve tissue oxygenation ratscrit care med 1997 25 726732crossref pubmed scopus 185 google scholar59nolte steinhauser p pickelmann berger hartl r messmer k effects diaspirincrosslinked hemoglobin dclhb local tissue oxygen tension striated skin muscle efficacy study hamsterj lab clin med 1997 130 328338abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 37 google scholar prompts us ask whether factors identify patients likely react favourably ie increase vo2 upon rbc transfusion casutt colleagues13casutt seifert b pasch schmid er turina mi spahn dr factors influencing individual effects blood transfusion oxygen delivery oxygen consumptioncrit care med 1999 27 21942200crossref pubmed scopus 88 google scholar examined 67 cardiac surgery patients received total 170 rbc transfusions measurements performed approximately 5 h rbc transfusions found pretransfusion haemoglobin preoperative ejection fraction age unrelated individual responses cardiac index ci do2 vo2 rbc transfusion contrast variables related oxygen delivery oxygen consumption correlated individual responses rbc transfusions allowed better prediction regard increase ci do2 vo2 particular low oxygen consumption index correlated well increase vo2 transfusion similarly another study patients evaluated wholebody o2er parameter guiding transfusion decisions67sehgal lr zebala lp takagi curran rd votapka tv caprini ja evaluation oxygen extraction ratio physiologic transfusion trigger coronary artery bypass graft surgery patientstransfusion 2001 41 591595crossref pubmed scopus 37 google scholar seventy patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft cabg surgery postoperative hematocrit 25 included o2er monitored without influencing transfusion decisions retrospectively analysed whether o2er 45 transfusion trigger would changed decisionmaking 41 patients received least one allogeneic rbc transfusion seven postoperative o2er 45 three 35 patients transfused reached physiological transfusion trigger thus concluded wholebody o2er might helpful variable transfusion algorithm67sehgal lr zebala lp takagi curran rd votapka tv caprini ja evaluation oxygen extraction ratio physiologic transfusion trigger coronary artery bypass graft surgery patientstransfusion 2001 41 591595crossref pubmed scopus 37 google scholar alternatively one might argue impaired functionality stored rbcs could reason lack increase vo2 rbc transfusion71spahn dr benefits red blood cell transfusion evidencetatm 1999 1 610google scholar storage rbcs undergo variety changes summarized term storage lesions60offner pj age blood make differencecrit care 2004 8 s24s26crossref pubmed scopus 51 google scholar include decrease 23dpg atp depletion release proinflammatory substances results leftward shift oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve ie increased oxygen affinity impaired rbc deformability inflammatory reactions transfusion recipient57napolitano lm corwin hl efficacy red blood cell transfusion critically illcrit care clin 2004 20 255268abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 97 google scholar60offner pj age blood make differencecrit care 2004 8 s24s26crossref pubmed scopus 51 google scholar particular decrease 23dpg levels rbc deformability suggest decreased efficacy old rbcs thus failure increase vo2 transfusion shown 2 weeks storage priming neutrophils agents released rbc units becomes significant69silliman cc thurman gw ambruso dr stored blood components contain agents prime neutrophil nadph oxidase plateletactivatingfactor receptorvox sang 1992 63 133136crossref pubmed scopus 95 google scholar results study critically ill patients sepsis50marik pe sibbald wj effect storedblood transfusion oxygen delivery patients sepsisjama 1993 269 30243029crossref pubmed scopus 669 google scholar accordance finding measurements made transfusion three units rbcs rbc transfusions result increase systemic vo2 interestingly splanchnic ischaemia occurred patients receiving rbc units 15 days old50marik pe sibbald wj effect storedblood transfusion oxygen delivery patients sepsisjama 1993 269 30243029crossref pubmed scopus 669 google scholar retrospective study purdy colleagues65purdy fr tweeddale mg merrick pm association mortality age blood transfused septic icu patientscan j anaesth 1997 44 12561261crossref pubmed scopus 313 google scholar studied 31 critically ill septic patients found nonsurvivors 19 patients although differing incidence septic shock acute physiology chronic health evaluation ii apache ii score intensive care unit icu length hospital stay los age number rbc units transfused compared survivors transfused significantly older rbcs 24 versus 21 days p00001 analysis medical records cabg surgery patients found age rbcs predictor postoperative infection pneumonia87vamvakas ec carven jh transfusion postoperative pneumonia coronary artery bypass graft surgery effect length storage transfused red cellstransfusion 1999 39 701710crossref pubmed scopus 278 google scholar contrast prospective observational study cardiac surgery patients could identify storage 28 days mean age transfused rbc units predictor pneumonia43lealnoval sr jaralopez garciagarmendia jl et alinfluence erythrocyte concentrate storage time postsurgical morbidity cardiac surgery patientsanesthesiology 2003 98 815822crossref pubmed scopus 179 google scholar however recent reviews concluded current evidence effect storage duration rbcs insufficient additional trials necessary36ho j sibbald wj chinyee ih effects storage efficacy red cell transfusion safecrit care med 2003 31 s687s697crossref pubmed google scholar57napolitano lm corwin hl efficacy red blood cell transfusion critically illcrit care clin 2004 20 255268abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 97 google scholar surprisingly recent prospective randomized study 22 critically ill patients detect difference adverse events transfusion rbcs stored 20 days mean age 28 days compared rbcs stored 5 days mean age 2 days addition study showed lack improvement tissue oxygenation rbc transfusion93walsh ts mcardle f mclellan sa et aldoes storage time transfused red blood cells influence regional global indexes tissue oxygenation anemic critically ill patientscrit care med 2004 32 364371crossref pubmed scopus 207 google scholar owing methodological limitations singlecentre study stated large prospective multicentre clinical trials needed define role rbc age outcome56napolitano lm corwin hl efficacy blood transfusion critically ill age blood make differencecrit care med 2004 32 594595crossref pubmed scopus 14 google scholar although numerous studies addressed effects rbc transfusions one randomized controlled trial rct transfusion requirements critical care tricc trial32hbert pc wells g blajchman et ala multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial transfusion requirements critical caren engl j med 1999 340 409417crossref pubmed scopus 4058 google scholar sufficient power evaluate effect transfusions morbidity mortality12carson jl hill carless p hbert p henry transfusion triggers systematic review literaturetransfus med rev 2002 16 187199abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 184 google scholar study conducted hbert colleagues32hbert pc wells g blajchman et ala multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial transfusion requirements critical caren engl j med 1999 340 409417crossref pubmed scopus 4058 google scholar enrolled 838 critically ill patients admitted icu initial haemoglobin concentration 9 g dl1 patients randomized either restrictive transfusion strategy transfusion trigger 7 g dl1 target haemoglobin concentration 79 g dl1 liberal transfusion strategy transfusion trigger 10 g dl1 target haemoglobin concentration 1012 g dl1 thirtyday mortality slightly lower restrictive transfusion group 187 versus 233 although statistical significance reached p011 however subgroup analyses patients less acutely ill defined apache ii score aged 55 yr showed significantly lower 30day mortality restrictive transfusion group addition tricc trial carson colleagues12carson jl hill carless p hbert p henry transfusion triggers systematic review literaturetransfus med rev 2002 16 187199abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 184 google scholar identified nine rcts used clearly defined restrictive liberal transfusion strategy giving total number 1780 patients 10 trials transfusion protocols used studies different resulting overlapping transfusion triggers clinical settings also different may partly explain variability terms effect size clinical outcomes particularly concerning effect restrictive transfusion thresholds use blood transfusions12carson jl hill carless p hbert p henry transfusion triggers systematic review literaturetransfus med rev 2002 16 187199abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 184 google scholar apart tricc trial two studies comparing different transfusion thresholds included 100 patients8bracey aw radovancevic r riggs sa et allowering hemoglobin threshold transfusion coronary artery bypass procedures effect patient outcometransfusion 1999 39 10701077crossref pubmed scopus 249 google scholar47lotke pa barth p garino jp cook ef predonated autologous blood transfusions total knee arthroplasty immediate versus delayed administrationj arthroplasty 1999 14 647650abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 59 google scholar however differences postoperative haemoglobin levels significantly different8bracey aw radovancevic r riggs sa et allowering hemoglobin threshold transfusion coronary artery bypass procedures effect patient outcometransfusion 1999 39 10701077crossref pubmed scopus 249 google scholar small47lotke pa barth p garino jp cook ef predonated autologous blood transfusions total knee arthroplasty immediate versus delayed administrationj arthroplasty 1999 14 647650abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 59 google scholar no47lotke pa barth p garino jp cook ef predonated autologous blood transfusions total knee arthroplasty immediate versus delayed administrationj arthroplasty 1999 14 647650abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 59 google scholar little mortality significantly different two transfusion strategies8bracey aw radovancevic r riggs sa et allowering hemoglobin threshold transfusion coronary artery bypass procedures effect patient outcometransfusion 1999 39 10701077crossref pubmed scopus 249 google scholar consequently metaanalysis studies dominated tricc trial contributed 80 observed deaths mortality analysis12carson jl hill carless p hbert p henry transfusion triggers systematic review literaturetransfus med rev 2002 16 187199abstract full text pdf pubmed scopus 184 google scholar35hill sr carless pa henry da et altransfusion thresholds strategies guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusioncochrane database syst rev 2002 cd002042pubmed google scholar also significant differences morbidity los results rcts compared results observational studies evaluating effect anaemia blood transfusion strategies morbidity mortality considerable heterogeneity concerning clinical setting among studies among 10 observational studies conducted date10carson jl duff berlin ja et alperioperative blood transfusion postoperative mortalityjama 1998 279 199205crossref pubmed scopus 361 google scholar15corwin hl gettinger pearl rg et althe crit study anemia blood transfusion critically illcurrent clinical practice united statescrit care med 2004 32 3952crossref pubmed scopus 1017 google scholar33hbert pc wells g tweeddale et aldoes transfusion practice affect mortality critically ill patients transfusion requirements critical care tricc investigators canadian critical care trials groupam j respir crit care med 1997 155 16181623crossref pubmed scopus 278 google scholar37hogue jr cw goodnough lt monk tg perioperative myocardial ischemic episodes related hematocrit level patients undergoing radical prostatectomytransfusion 1998 38 924931crossref pubmed scopus 163 google scholar58nelson ah fleisher la rosenbaum sh relationship postoperative anemia cardiac morbidity highrisk vascular patients intensive care unitcrit care med 1993 21 860866crossref pubmed scopus 333 google scholar62paone g silverman na paradox onbypass transfusion thresholds blood conservationcirculation 1997 96 ii205ii209google scholar81spiess bd ley c body sc et alhematocrit value intensive care unit entry influences frequency qwave myocardial infarction coronary artery bypass grafting institutions multicenter study perioperative ischemia mcspi research groupj thorac cardiovasc surg 1998 116 460467abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 149 google scholar90vincent jl baron jf reinhart k et alanemia blood transfusion critically ill patientsjama 2002 288 14991507crossref pubmed scopus 1192 google scholar91vincent jl sakr le gall jr et alis red blood cell transfusion associated worse outcome results soap studychest 2003 124 125s126sabstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 0 google scholar99wu wc rathore ss wang radford mj krumholz hm blood transfusion elderly patients acute myocardial infarctionn engl j med 2001 345 12301236crossref pubmed scopus 786 google scholar six largest included patients icu15corwin hl gettinger pearl rg et althe crit study anemia blood transfusion critically illcurrent clinical practice united statescrit care med 2004 32 3952crossref pubmed scopus 1017 google scholar33hbert pc wells g tweeddale et aldoes transfusion practice affect mortality critically ill patients transfusion requirements critical care tricc investigators canadian critical care trials groupam j respir crit care med 1997 155 16181623crossref pubmed scopus 278 google scholar90vincent jl baron jf reinhart k et alanemia blood transfusion critically ill patientsjama 2002 288 14991507crossref pubmed scopus 1192 google scholar91vincent jl sakr le gall jr et alis red blood cell transfusion associated worse outcome results soap studychest 2003 124 125s126sabstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 0 google scholar orthopaedic surgery10carson jl duff berlin ja et alperioperative
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https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1021n
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Eniko Rak|Stephen R. Hooper|Michael Belsante|Otis Benjamin Burnett|J. Bradley Layton|David Tauer|Bradley Mantoo|Darren A. DeWalt|Maria Ferris
|
Caregiver word reading literacy and health outcomes among children treated in a pediatric nephrology practice
| 2,016 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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caregivers play major role healthcare pediatric patients particularly childhood adolescence study examined impact caregivers functional literacy health outcomes adolescents chronic kidney disease ckd endstage kidney disease eskd caregiverchild dyads southeastern us pediatric nephrology clinic participated crosssectional study collected demographic information data caregivers functional literacy skills wechsler individual achievement test word reading subtest child health outcomes healthcare utilization adherence negative binomial regression analyses used test relationships total 98 pediatric patients caregivers participated caregivers word reading literacy associated childrens healthcare utilization patients whose caregivers lower word reading literacy skills 7th grade greater incidence emergency room er visits adjusted incidence rate ratio 205 95 confidence interval 1007 4177 p 005 adjusting major demographic factors patients hospitalization rates adherence medicationdietappointments comparable two groups low caregiver functional word reading literacy negatively related health outcomes adolescents ckdeskd reflected greater er visits educational materials teaching strategies dialysis training protocols patient education materials adjusted low literacy levels may contribute better outcomes
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https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60246-4
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Eva Yuen|Tess Knight|Lina A. Ricciardelli|Sue Burney
|
Health literacy of caregivers of adult care recipients: A systematic scoping review
| 2,016 |
Deakin University|Temple University|Deakin University|Deakin University|Monash University|Cabrini Hospital
|
caregivers play vital role providing support adults chronic condition cognitive physical impairment low health literacy caregivers potential impact adequate care provision consequently care recipient health outcomes aim study systematically review literature related health literacy caregivers adult care recipients examine relationship care recipient caregiver health outcomes electronic databases searched relevant englishlanguage publications assessed health literacy caregivers included studies abstracted evidence tables assessed using eightitem quality scale search identified 2717 new titles abstracts 67 shortlisted full review twelve papers 2003 2015 met inclusion criteria prevalence limited health literacy caregivers ranged 0 525 depending measure cutoff criteria used associations found low caregiver health literacy poorer care recipient selfmanagement behaviours ii increased care recipient use health services iii increased caregiver burden quality studies ranged fair excellent low health literacy caregivers differed depending measures scoring criteria used evidence support relationship caregiver health literacy care recipient caregiver health outcomes limited single studies recommendations research include development caregiver health literacy measures across different populations examination associations caregiver health literacy care recipient outcomes development interventions designed improve caregiver health literacy
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.015
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William F. Vann|Kimon Divaris|Ziya Gizlice|A. Diane Baker|J.Y. Lee
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Caregivers’ Health Literacy and Their Young Children’s Oral-health–related Expenditures
| 2,013 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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caregivers health literacy emerged important determinant young childrens health care outcomes examined hypothesis caregivers health literacy influences childrens oralhealthcarerelated expenditures prospective cohort study 1132 childcaregiver dyads childrens mean age 19 months participating carolina oral health literacy project health literacy measured reald30 word recognition based nvs comprehension based instruments followup data included child medicaid claims cy200810 quantified expenditures using annualized 2010 feeadjusted medicaidpaid dollars oralhealthrelated visits involving preventive restorative emergency care used descriptive bivariate multivariate statistical methods based generalized gamma models mean oralhealthrelated annual expenditures totaled 203 preventive81 restorative99 emergency care22 among children received services mean expenditures emergency hospitalbased1282 preventive106 restorative care343 caregivers low literacy oral health context associated statistically nonsignificant increase total expenditures average annual difference 40 95 confidence interval 32 111 nevertheless instruments emergency dental care expenditures consistently elevated among children lowliteracy caregivers findings provide initial support health literacy important determinant meaningful use cost oral health care
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https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30105-5
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Salim Abdulla|Joanna Schellenberg|Oscar Mukasa|Christian Lengeler
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Usefulness of a dispensary-based case-control study for assessing morbidity impact of a treated net programme
| 2,002 |
Ifakara Health Institute
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casecontrol studies proposed appropriate tool health impact evaluation insecticidetreated nets itn programmesa dispensarybased casecontrol study carried one village tanzania case fever parasitaemia child 5 years paired one community one dispensary control without fever parasitaemia cases controls compared regard itn ownership factors assessed questionnaire crosssectional survey factors associated parasitaemia including itn use carried study dispensary attendance rates study children calculated using passive case detection datacases dispensary controls higher dispensary attendance rates compared community controls children nets attended illness events comparison cases community controls showed strong statistically significant association untreated net use case odds ratio 21 95 ci 1334 itn smaller weaker association risk case itn use 14 95 ci 0922 comparison cases dispensary controls showed association untreated treated nets risk case treated nets 09 95 ci 0514 untreated nets 12 95 ci 0720 results contrary crosssectional assessment children itn lower prevalence parasitaemia nets 05 95 ci 0309 also contrary assessments health impact itn populationthe positive association mild malaria net ownership counterintuitive best explained attendance bias since children nets attended frequently curative preventive services dispensary without nets dispensarybased casecontrol studies may appropriate assessing impact treated nets clinical malaria crosssectional surveys might represent attractive alternative
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https://doi.org/10.2307/2060248
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Laura Robertson|Phyllis Mushati|Jeffrey W. Eaton|Lovemore Dumba|Gideon Mavise|Jeremiah C. Makoni|Christina Schumacher|Thomas M. Crea|Roeland Monasch|Lorraine Sherr|Geoffrey P. Garnett|Constance Nyamukapa|Simon Gregson
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Effects of unconditional and conditional cash transfers on child health and development in Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial
| 2,013 |
Imperial College London|Biomedical Research and Training Institute|Imperial College London|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|Boston College|University College London|Imperial College London|Biomedical Research and Training Institute|Imperial College London|Biomedical Research and Training Institute|Imperial College London
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cashtransfer programmes improve wellbeing vulnerable children studies rigorously assessed effectiveness subsaharan africa investigated effects unconditional cash transfers ucts conditional cash transfers ccts birth registration vaccination uptake school attendance children zimbabwewe matched clusterrandomised controlled trial ten sites manicaland zimbabwe divided study site three clusters baseline survey july september 2009 clusters site randomly assigned uct cct control drawing lots hat eligible households contained children younger 18 years satisfied least one criteria head household younger 18 years household cared least one orphan younger 18 years disabled person individual chronically ill household poorest wealth quintile january 2010 january 2011 households uct clusters collected payments every 2 months households cct clusters could receive amount monitored compliance several conditions related child wellbeing eligible households clusters including control clusters access parenting skills classes received maize seed fertiliser december 2009 august 2010 households individuals delivering intervention masked data analysts primary endpoints proportion children younger 5 years birth certificate proportion younger 5 years uptodate vaccinations proportion aged 612 years attending school least 80 time trial registered clinicaltrialsgov number nct009668491199 eligible households allocated control group 1525 uct group 1319 cct group compared control clusters proportion children aged 04 years birth certificates increased 15 95 ci 71 101 uct group 164 78250 cct group end intervention period proportions children aged 04 years complete vaccination records 31 38 99 greater uct group 18 50 87 greater cct group control group proportions children aged 612 years attended school least 80 time 72 08137 higher uct group 76 12141 cct group control groupour results support strategies integrate cash transfers social welfare programming subsaharan africa evidence needed comparative effectiveness uct cct programmes regionwellcome trust world bank partnership child development programme support zimbabwe national action plan orphans vulnerable children
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.03.004
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Priya Vart|Ajay Jaglan|Kashif Shafique
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Caste-based social inequalities and childhood anemia in India: results from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005–2006
| 2,015 |
University Medical Center Groningen|University of Groningen|Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|Dow University of Health Sciences
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caste one traditional measures social segregation india differs indicators endogamous hereditary evidence suggests belonging lower castes exposes one social inequalities affects health adversely examined association caste childhood anemia india explored effect modifying role adult education household wealth crosssectional analysis national family health survey nfhs data 43484 children aged 659 months performed poisson regression analysis conducted study association caste childhood anemia accounting various maternal child household related variables caste categorized caste least disadvantageous backward caste scheduled tribe scheduled caste disadvantageous anemia defined mild hemoglobin level 711 gdl moderate hemoglobin level 57 gdl severe hemoglobin level 5 gdl found children scheduled caste higher risk anemia mild anemia rr 110 95 ci 105115 moderate anemia rr 119 95 ci 114124 severe anemia rr 187 95 ci 151 231 accounting child maternal household covariates including adult education household wealth interaction caste adult education household wealth statistically significant level anemia sensitivity analyses children born mothers age 18 years first child birth body mass index bmi 185 kgm2 resulted similar findings caste independent determinant childhood anemia india level adult education household wealth modify association caste childhood anemia findings may used countering childhood anemia may beneficial target future public health actions towards disadvantageous castes india
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-27
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Suman Thapa|Rosa van den Berg|Shankar Khanal|Indira Paudyal|Pooja Pandey|Nhukesh Maharjan|Shankha Narayan Twyana|Govinda Paudyal|Reeta Gurung|Sanduk Ruit|Ger H. M. B. van Rens
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Prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma in Bhaktapur district of Nepal: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study
| 2,011 |
Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam|Tribhuvan University|Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Helen Keller International Nepal|Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology|Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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cataract glaucoma major causes blindness nepal bhaktapur one three districts kathmandu valley represents metropolitan city predominantly agrarian rural periphery study undertaken determine prevalence visual impairment cataract surgery awareness cataract glaucoma among subjects residing district nepal subjects aged 40 years selected using cluster sampling methodology door door enumeration conducted population based cross sectional study community field work 11499 subjects underwent structured interview regarding awareness heard knowledge understanding disease cataract glaucoma base hospital 4003 4800 8339 subjects underwent detailed ocular examination including log mar visual acuity refraction applanation tonometry cataract grading locs retinal examination sita standard perimetry indicated agesex adjusted prevalence blindness best corrected 360 low vision best corrected 618 360 043 95ci 025 068 397 95 ci 340 460 respectively cataract 533 principal cause blindness leading causes low vision cataract 608 followed refractive error 12 cataract surgical coverage 9036 higher younger age group females illiterate subjects pseudophakia seen 94 awareness cataract 67 glaucoma 24 low among subjects aware 704 knowledge cataract 455 glaucoma cataract commonly known pearl like dot white opacity eye glaucoma known cause blindness awareness remained unchanged different age groups cataract glaucoma increase awareness age women significantly less aware odds ratio 063 95 confidence interval ci 054 074 cataract 064 95 ci 050 081 glaucoma literacy also correlated awareness low prevalence visual impairment high cataract surgical coverage suggests cataract intervention programs successful bhaktapur awareness knowledge cataract glaucoma poor among population eye care programs needs directed towards preventing visual impairment refractive errors screening incurable chronic eye diseases promoting health education order raise awareness cataract glaucoma among population
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030234
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Ratiranjan Jena|Biswajeet Pradhan|Ghassan Beydoun|. Nizamuddin|Ardiansyah Ardiansyah|Hizir Sofyan|Muzailin Affan
|
Integrated model for earthquake risk assessment using neural network and analytic hierarchy process: Aceh province, Indonesia
| 2,020 |
University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney|Sejong University|University of Technology Sydney|Syiah Kuala University|Syiah Kuala University|Syiah Kuala University|Syiah Kuala University
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catastrophic natural hazards earthquake pose serious threats properties human lives urban areas therefore earthquake risk assessment era indispensable disaster management era integration extent probability vulnerability assets study develops integrated model using artificial neural networkanalytic hierarchy process annahp model constructing era map aim study quantify urban population risk may caused impending earthquakes model applied city banda aceh indonesia seismically active zone aceh province frequently affected devastating earthquakes ann used probability mapping whereas ahp used assess urban vulnerability hazard map created aid earthquake intensity variation thematic layering risk map subsequently created combining probability hazard vulnerability maps risk levels various zones obtained validation process reveals proposed model map earthquake probability based historical events accuracy 84 furthermore results show central southeastern regions city moderate high risk classifications whereas parts city fall low low earthquake risk classifications findings research useful government agencies decision makers particularly estimating risk dimensions urban areas future studies project preparedness strategies banda aceh
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https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0232
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Christopher J L Murray|Alan D. López|Jeremy Barofsky|Chloe Bryson?Cahn|Rafael Lozano
|
Estimating Population Cause-Specific Mortality Fractions from in-Hospital Mortality: Validation of a New Method
| 2,007 |
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation|University of Washington|University of Queensland|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute|Secretaria de Salud
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causeofdeath data many developing countries available information deaths hospital cause available many low middleincome countries representative sample deaths population propose method estimate population causespecific mortality fractions csmfs using data already collected many middleincome lowincome developing nations yet rarely used inhospital death recordsfor given cause death communitys hospital deaths equal total community deaths multiplied proportion deaths occurring hospital estimate proportion dying hospital estimate proportion dying population using deaths hospital propose estimate proportion deaths age sex cause group die hospital subset population vital registration systems function another population evaluated method using nearly complete vital registration vr data mexico 19982005 records whether death occurred hospital validation test used 45 disease categories validated method two ways nationally communities first investigated methods accuracy changes decrease amount mexican vr used estimate proportion age sex cause group dying hospital decreasing vr data used first step 100 9 produces 12 maximum relative error estimated true csmfs even mexico collected full vr information capital city 9 population estimation method would produce average relative error csmfs across 45 causes 10 second used vr data capital zone distrito federal estado de mexico estimated csmfs three lowestdevelopment states estimation method gave average relative error 20 23 31 guerrero chiapas oaxaca respectivelywhere accurate international classification diseases icdcoded causeofdeath data available deaths hospital vr covering subset population demonstrated population csmfs estimated low average error addition showed case mexico method substantially reduce error biased hospital data even applied areas widely different levels development countries icdcoded deaths hospital method potentially allows use existing data inform health policy
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9109-4
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Jason Feser|Helen L. Vasaly|José Palazón Herrera
|
On the Edge of Mathematics and Biology Integration: Improving Quantitative Skills in Undergraduate Biology Education
| 2,013 |
Division of Undergraduate Education|National Science Foundation|Truman State University|Division of Undergraduate Education|National Science Foundation|Truman State University|Division of Undergraduate Education|National Science Foundation|Truman State University
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cbelife sciences educationvol 12 2 featuresfree accesson edge mathematics biology integration improving quantitative skills undergraduate biology educationjason feser helen vasaly jose herrerajason feseraddress correspondence jason feser email address email protectedsearch papers author helen vasalysearch papers author jose herrerasearch papers authorpublished online13 oct 2017httpsdoiorg101187cbe13030057aboutsectionsview pdf toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inredditemail introductionthe challenges future biologists face dictate change way prepare undergraduates wish pursue career life sciences new biology 21st century national research council nrc 2009 four main challenges articulated enabling sustainable food plant growth changing environments sustaining ecosystems biodiversity rapidly changing environs expanding sustainable alternatives fossil fuels understanding human health solutions 21stcentury challenges involve complex systems single discipline fully address many key problems involve biology future biologists must ready work diverse settings interdisciplinary collaborations equipping biologists current disciplinary knowledge essential biologists also need develop strengths outside specialty fully contribute engage problems rich history interdisciplinary work mathematics biology producing exciting sometimes unexpected new knowledge discoveries jungck 1997 insure continued success interdisciplinary work publics ability absorb understand implications work important mathematical approaches become integral component undergraduate biology education even within biology increasing use large data sets requires biologists acquire skills mathematics particularly statistics computer science goal best accomplished incorporating mathematical tools approaches biology courses example molecular forensics program california polytechnic state university integrates theme across curriculum integrating biology applied areas include database design strong emphasis data analysis kitts 2012deficiencies quantitative knowledge approaches biology curricula noted past decade gross 2000 bialek botstein 2004 frequently mathematics biology courses taught near independence gross 2000 approach often leaves students parallel tracks knowledge unable understand discipline informs influences students difficulty applying knowledge one course another often unable synthesize knowledge cohesive framework decadelong survey plant physiology students revealed persistent weaknesses students abilities answer quantitative questions llamas et al 2012 limitations basic quantitative abilities real implications biology health students study australian nursing students demonstrated conceptual computational errors calculating drug concentrations skills commonly used workplace eastwood et al 2011fostering quantitative competencies important professional biologists virtually subdisciplines well recent analysis fawcett higginson 2012 shows greater concentration mathematical equations presented main text papers published ecology evolution journals lowers number citations paper biologists judged information science citation index fawcett higginson paper raised lively conversation possible causes effect one possibility drawn commentary biology audience lacks comfort mathematically dense papers limits impact ideas findings within providing quantitative approaches early education biologists would improve ability handle mathematical models therefore ability contribute benefit key approaches within fields interest quantitative competencies critical analyzing data analysis behavioral systems cognitive neuroscience studies found multiple articles incorrectly used statistical analyses leading potentially wrong conclusions went undetected researchers reviewers editors nieuwenhuis et al 2011 quantitative competencies essential skills professional biologists enabling effectively interpret communicate complex datathe vision change undergraduate biology education report calls focus core competencies quantitative reasoning modeling simulating complex systems undergraduate students learn apply quantitative skills biological topics use quantitative reasoning interpret data students also proficient use modeling exploring systems computational approaches american association advancement science aaas 2011 bio2010 transforming undergraduate biology education future researchers nrc american association medical collegeshoward hughes medical institutes scientific foundations future physicians college board advanced placement biology test acknowledge importance quantitative reasoning skills modern biology nrc 2003 2009 association american medical collegeshoward hughes medical institute 2009 college board 2012 cbelife sciences education dedicated entire issue mathematics biology see marsteller 2010 despite attention given need improve quantitative competencies many biology courses remain unchanged however prime opportunities exist biologists introduce innovative courses curricula best use resources institutions provide biology undergraduates quantitative competencies need meet demands current future challengesin paper describe two institutions helping undergraduate biology students build quantitative competencies incorporation quantitative skills reasoning biology framed discussion two cases concern introductory biology courses differ complexity mathematics type changes involved first university marylandcollege park mathbench biology modules via interactive webbased instructional service providing supplemental materials illustrate develop quantitative competencies basic biology second example davidson college uses unique text introduce wide range students including calculus experience challenging mathematical concepts biology textbook emphasizes learning modeling data analysis activities integral developing understanding biologymathbench biology modulesproject descriptionbeginning biology students start introductory classes diverse set mathematical experiences students may need assistance integrate mathematical knowledge biology courses even develop basic quantitative skills essential success updated introductory biology courses mathbench biology modules designed kren nelson colleagues university maryland college park interactive web modules detailing critical beginning concepts biology students thompson et al 2010these modules foster numerical literacy reinforce biological themes lay foundational competencies required advanced biology courses modules cover range topics measurements statistics growth rates diffusion core concepts biological processes table 1 40 modules developed date contains interactive examples problems illustrate realworld applications doubling time bacteria diffusion different environments incorporates important quantitative concepts modules written accessible style making appealing easily understood modules succinct hosted online httpmathbenchumdedu completed within students schedules biology educators use modules number ways class presentation reinforce selected concepts prelab activity intervention students needing assistance become proficient essential quantitative skillstable 1 examples mathbench topics demonstrated conceptssectionexamplesmeasurementbasic techniques logs ph metric conversionsvisualizationgraphing threedimensional becomes two dimensionalprobability statisticsnormal distributions science process se punnett squaresstatistical testst test chisquare goodnessoffit simulationsmiscellaneous34 scaling lawcellular processesdiffusion osmosis nernst equationmicrobiologymeningitis case study growth ratespopulation dynamicsescherichia coli population dynamics mutation equilibriumenvironmental sciencesampling evolved immunity watershed coal mountaintop removalclimate changegraphs climate change co2assessment outcomesthe modules positively impact number factors biology students thompson et al 2010 importantly students navigating modules show improved outcomes relative starting quantitative skills measured pre posttests effects noted include improved understanding regarding mathematics used biology increased student engagement biology classmathbench biology modules represent one example biology educators incorporate materials improve quantitative skills reasoning introductory courses materials standalone nature freely available educators utilize materials needed experiment implementation modules beyond use reinforce concepts classroom modules particularly beneficial students taking laboratories typically accompany biology coursesintegration mathematics biology use new textbooktextbooks central components introductory courses textbook design influence students incorporate information relate new knowledge cognitive framework textbooks shape students perceive biology however examination current popular biology textbooks reveals presentation biology focused facts images presented conclusions takehome messages process science involves interpreting data inform understanding develop concepts largely absent duncan et al 2011 understanding process science clearly stated vision change core competency aaas 2011 advanced reports cited altering introductory biology textbooks focus process presents opportunity emphasize integration quantitative competencies early biology studentsproject descriptionbiologists malcolm campbell chris paradise teamed mathematician laurie heyer redesign introductory course davidson college writing textbook de novo book tested classes diverse institutions takes approach rejects encyclopedialike biology textbooks opts focus core themes ideas central biology rather feeding overwhelming amounts information students new biology textbook provides real data challenges students construct knowledge key concepts biology many current textbooks noted milewide inch deep approach provides broad coverage minimizes process science leading shallow perspective biology duncan et al 2011 interpreting data essential biological researcher makes sense teach students think critically examine visual quantitative information means constructing clarifying concepts book utilizes published research data sets key papers allowing students work data organize interpretations develop scientific meaning use figures data rather decoration collection takehome messages helps biology students see discipline science rather foreign language long lists terms memorize texts emphasis data analysis interpretation developing concepts greatly facilitate activelearning practices classroom already demonstrated gains students barsoum et al 2013mathematics incorporated throughout text accompanying pieces termed biomath explorations bmes bmes designed enhance biological concepts interactive mathematical examples maximize accessibility text assumes high school mathematics including algebra calculus basic mathematics preparation students entering course basic quantitative skills developed explorations highlight close relationship mathematics biology throughout explorations students manipulate data sets develop concepts data one exploration students curvefitted data understand abiotic vesicles steal lipids competitors discover possible mechanisms origins life another exploration helps students calculate genetic distances correlate geographic distance using plant populations better understand gene flow third exploration uses simple geometry area triangle approximate amount dna present band meselsonstahls classic experiment semiconservative dna replicationassessment outcomesskeptics often raise concern students using process science learn content suffer lack fundamental knowledge due decreased content throughout one semester introductory biology authors measured effects new textbook students comparing students revised course students two sections using traditional text barsoum et al 2013 teaching approaches consisted socratic discussion mixed teacher presentations across three sections teaching methods consistent measure impact textbook content examinations revealed similar levels knowledge students using new text students using traditional text indicating reducing factual content focusing central themes detrimental student outcomes related content furthermore students using new text exhibited better retention content surveyed several months later perhaps importantly students using new text demonstrated better abilities interpret novel data sets students using new textbook also likely disagree viewing science biology set definitions processes memorizeresourcesthe preceding descriptions illustrate two examples incorporate quantitative competencies biology instruction additional examples textbooks online resources integrate mathematics biology found table 2table 2 resources integrating mathematics biologynamedescriptionwebsitemodeling dynamics life calculus probability life sciences textbookexamines mathematics diverse biology fields connects principles central biological concepts emphasis modeling mathematicscalculus life sciences modeling approach online textbooksfree online texts cover concepts without calculushttpcornettepubliciastateeduclshtmlundergraduate mathematics life sciences models process directions booka collection courses diverse institutions portraying varied attempts integrate mathematics biologywwwmathunledugledder1mathbioedmaanotesprefacetocintropdfesteemmodules excel allow students explore learn concepts transformed contemporary biological practicehttpbioquestorgesteemnumbers countemphasizes biological problem solving contemporary biological problems using real datahttpbioquestorgnumberscountbedrockinquirybased approach use bioinformatics solving biological questionshttpbioquestorgbedrockproblemspacesuniversity californiadavis quantitative computer labscomputer labs covering variety biological topicshttpbiosci3ucdaviseduqcoursessociety mathematical biologyupcoming 2013 annual meeting arizona state universityhttpmathasuedusmb2013enabling changeas faculty consider ways merge quantitative reasoning mathematical skills core content biology process bringing new materials concepts classroom difficult due limited time resources assistance funding agencies exists advance new educational opportunities support faculty changing teaching practices help biology students meet 21stcentury challenges external support foster relationships among faculty support faculty invest curricula development national science foundation nsf programs transforming undergraduate education stem tues program research coordination networksundergraduate biology education rcnube science talent expansion program research experiences undergraduates aimed supporting changes nsf 2006 2011 2012a 2012bfaculty talent interests often segregated discrete diverse disciplines challenge faculty bring quantitative skills attitudes biology courses levels finding likeminded colleagues sister disciplines time develop strong working relationships critical therefore opportunities bring faculty together prove invaluable facilitating spread knowledge enabling partnerships form bridging gap biology mathematics interdisciplinary workshops helped shape field nrc 2009 marsteller et al 2010 making biomath happen 2012 future gatherings educators critical sharing practices exploring rich variety ways mathematics biology intersect one effort hhmi quantitative biology conference httpbioquestorgqb2013 organized pat marsteller scheduled june 1114 2013 emory university cover highprofile efforts bioquest national institute mathematical biological synthesis hhmi quantitative biology consortium tues rcnube programs support efforts bring educators together explore issues development courses materials support goals nsf 2006 2012a community strongly encouraged seek opportunities work warrants supportconclusionthe goal change biology teaching match biology opportunity educators creatively explore forge interdisciplinary relationships mathematics biology biology research integrated quantitative methods knowledge creation becomes paramount future generations biologists appropriately educated paper highlight two cases help frame scope mathematical quantitative competency issues improve student quantitative competencies reasoning contribute future success students examples may provide details ways institutions incorporate quantitative skills biology see marsteller 2010 next article series provide many examples provide overview challenges advantages varied approaches merge mathematics biology charge clear nsf ready help biology community meet challengeacknowledgmentswe thank terry woodin steady comments shaping manuscript kaci thompson malcolm campbell generous assistance assure proper description projects glenn ledder richard yamada pat marsteller mathematics biology community advice information enthusiasm encouragement provided course writing paperfootnoteson assignment truman state university kirksville mo 63501any opinions findings conclusions recommendations expressed material authors necessarily reflect views national science foundationreferences american association advancement science 2011 vision change undergraduate biology education call action washington dc google scholar association american medical collegeshoward hughes medical institute 2009 scientific foundations future physicians washington dc aamc wwwhhmiorggrantspdf08209aamchhmireportpdf accessed 3 december 2012 google scholar barsoum sellers pj campbell heyer lj paradise cj 2013 implementing recommendations introductory biology writing new textbook cbe life sci educ 12 106116 link google scholar bialek w botstein 2004 introductory science mathematics education 21stcentury biologists science 303 788790 medline google scholar college board 2012 ap biology quantitative skills guide teachers new york college board httpapcentralcollegeboardcomapcpublicrepositoryapbioquantitativeskillsguide2012pdf accessed 3 december 2012 google scholar duncan db lubman hoskins sg 2011 introductory biology textbooks underrepresent scientific process j microbiol biol educ 12 143151 medline google scholar eastwood kj boyle mj williams b fairhall r 2011 numeracy skills nursing students nurse educ today 31 815818 medline google scholar fawcett higginson 2012 heavy use equations impedes communication among biologists proc natl acad sci usa 109 1173511739 medline google scholar gross lj 2000 education biocomplex future science 28 807 google scholar jungck jr 1997 ten equations changed biology mathematics problemsolving biology curricula bioscene 23 1136 google scholar kitts c 2012 cal polys library pyroprints transcurricular program molecular forensics powerpoint presentation coast council ocean affairs science technology 2012 annual meeting long beach ca april 25 2012 google scholar llamas vila f sanz 2012 mathematical skills undergraduate students tenyear survey plant physiology course biosci educ 19 google scholar making biomath happen 2012 making biomath happen conference home page httpbiomatharizonaedumbh accessed 26 november 2012 google scholar marsteller p 2010 beyond bio2010 integrating biology mathematics collaborations challenges opportunities cbe life sci educ 9 141142 link google scholar marsteller p pillis l findley joplin k pelesko j nelson k thompson k usher watkins j 2010 toward integration quantitative biology mathbiobiomath cbe life sci educ 9 165171 link google scholar national research council nrc 2003 bio2010 transforming undergraduate education future research biologists washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid10497 accessed 3 december 2012 google scholar nrc 2009 new biology 21st century washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid12764 accessed 3 december 2012 google scholar national science foundation nsf 2006 transforming undergraduate education science technology engineering mathematics program solicitation nsf 10544 wwwnsfgovpubs2010nsf10544nsf10544htm accessed 26 november 2012 google scholar nsf 2011 science technology engineering mathematics talent expansion program step program solicitation nsf 11550 wwwnsfgovpubs2011nsf11550nsf11550htm accessed 26 november 2012 google scholar nsf 2012a research coordination networks program solicitation nsf 13520 wwwnsfgovpubs2013nsf13520nsf13520htm accessed 12 december 2012 google scholar nsf 2012b research experience undergraduates reu program solicitation nsf 12569 wwwnsfgovpubs2013nsf13542nsf13542htm accessed 16 april 2013 google scholar nieuwenhuis forstmann b wagenmakers e 2011 erroneous analyses interactions neuroscience problem significance nat neurosci 14 11051107 medline google scholar thompson kv nelson kc marbachad g keller fagan wf 2010 online interactive teaching modules enhance quantitative proficiency introductory biology students cbe life sci educ 9 277283 link google scholarfiguresreferencesrelateddetailscited bystudent responses creative coding biomedical science education10 november 2022 biochemistry molecular biology education vol 18bridging statistics life sciences undergraduate education14 september 2022 journal biological education vol 7teaching basic calculations introductory biology labjournal microbiology biology education vol 23 1implementation new quantitative biology course assessment students abilities confidence13 july 2020 primus vol 32 3supporting computational apprenticeship educational software infrastructure case study mathematical oncology research lab18 february 2021 primus vol 32 3early undergraduate biostatistics data science introduction using r r studio tidyversethe american biology teacher vol 84 3experiments data mining using digitized natural history collections introduce biology students data science12 may 2022the conceptualization quantitative reasoning among introductory biology facultyjournal microbiology biology education vol 22 3reimagining introductory math curriculum life sciences studentserin sanders oleary hannah whang sayson casey shapiro alan garfinkel william j conley marc levisfitzgerald kevin eagan blaire van valkenburghjennifer knight monitoring editor30 november 2021 cbelife sciences education vol 20 4hits harnessing collaborative training network create case studies integrate highthroughput complex datasets curricula9 august 2021 frontiers education vol 6datarich textbook figures promote core competencies comparison two textbooks9 january 2021 biochemistry molecular biology education vol 49 3student perceptions towards introductory lessons r27 october 2021 natural sciences education vol 50 2how prepared students feel quantitative nature biological sciences degree10 december 2020 journal biological educationyes mathematicians x students x x think25 july 2020 zdm vol 52 6mathematical biology expand expose educate10 september 2020 bulletin mathematical biology vol 82 9community college instructors perceptions constraints affordances related teaching quantitative biology skills conceptslisa corwin stacey kiser sondra lore jillian miller melissa l aikenskimberly tanner monitoring editor29 november 2019 cbelife sciences education vol 18 4review predatorprey model two limit cycles20 august 2018 international journal mathematical education science technology vol 50 6is undergraduate microbiology curriculum preparing students careers field assessment biology majors conceptions growth control microorganisms19 october 2018 international journal stem education vol 5 1orientation pill bugs interdisciplinary activity engage students concepts biology physics circular statisticsthe american biology teacher vol 80 8climate change energy technologies undergraduate introductory science textbooks29 april 2018 environmental communication vol 12 6incorporating interactive statistics workshop introductory biology coursebased undergraduate research experience cure enhances students statistical reasoning quantitative literacy skillsjournal microbiology biology education vol 19 1technology tool teaching quantitative biology secondary undergraduate levels review1 january 2018 letters biomathematics vol 5 1addressing digital divide contemporary biology lessons teaching unixtrends biotechnology vol 35 10gender math confidence grit relationships quantitative skills performance undergraduate biology coursek flanagan j einarsonmarshall sundberg monitoring editor13 october 2017 cbelife sciences education vol 16 3interdisciplinary education predatorprey model developing skill set mathematics biology technology6 february 2017 international journal mathematical education science technology vol 48 6yeast mathematicians ferment discovery model competition describe data19 december 2016 bulletin mathematical biology vol 79 2killing two birds one stone model plant systems tool teach fundamental concepts gene expression analyzing biological databiochimica et biophysica acta bba gene regulatory mechanisms vol 1860 1the poisson distribution biology instructionthe american biology teacher vol 79 1development evaluation tigriopus coursebased undergraduate research experience impacts students content knowledge attitudes motivation majors introductory biology coursejeffrey olimpo ginger r fisher sue ellen dechennepetersgraham f hatfull monitoring editor13 october 2017 cbelife sciences education vol 15 4the impact interactive statistics module novices development scientific process skills attitudes firstsemester research foundations coursejournal microbiology biology education vol 17 3development assessment modules integrate quantitative skills introductory biology courseskathleen hoffman sarah leupen kathy dowell kerrie kephart jeff leipsjanet batzli monitoring editor13 october 2017 cbelife sciences education vol 15 2deriving population growth models growing fruit fly coloniesthe american biology teacher vol 78 3using active learning teach concepts methods quantitative biology12 august 2015 integrative comparative biology vol 55 5authentic research experience big data analysis classroom maize response abiotic stressirina makarevitch cameo frechette natalia wiatrosa malcolm campbell monitoring editor13 october 2017 cbelife sciences education vol 14 3incorporacin de la programacin informtica en el currculum de biologamagister vol 27 2integrating interactive computational modeling biology curricula19 march 2015 plos computational biology vol 11 3assessment student memo assignments management science6 november 2014 journal education business vol 90 1a reverse engineering approach teach biology students mathematical complexity ecology interdisciplinary teaching connects mathematical literacy outdoor practicenexusphysics interdisciplinary repurposing physics biologistsamerican journal physics vol 82 5teaching basic numeracy predictive models socioeconomics marine ecologists bayesian belief networks22 december 2014 f1000research vol 3 vol 12 2 june 01 2013117314 metrics downloads citations downloads 641citations 40 history information 2013 j fes
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060652
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Jay B. Labov|Ann Reid|Keith R. Yamamoto
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Integrated Biology and Undergraduate Science Education: A New Biology Education for the Twenty-First Century?
| 2,010 |
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|University of California, San Francisco
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cbelife sciences educationvol 9 1 featuresfree accessintegrated biology undergraduate science education new biology education twentyfirst centuryjay b labov ann h reid keith r yamamotojay b labovcenter education ann h reidboard life sciences national research council washington dc 20001 keith r yamamotodepartment cellular molecular pharmacology university california san francisco san francisco ca 94143published online13 oct 2017httpsdoiorg101187cbe09120092aboutsectionsview pdf toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inredditemail introductiongiven radical changes nature science biology learned effective ways teach opportune time address biology teach better represents biology wwwvisionandchangeorgfor decade numerous reports called rethinking restructuring high school undergraduate science education make relevant accessible broader spectrum students handelsman et al 2006 hulleman harackiewicz 2009 national research council nrc 1996 1997 1998 2002 2003abc 2005 2008 national science foundation nsf 1996 base strategies expanding body research human learning cognition nrc 2000b allen tanner 2007 morse jutras 2008 dehaan 2009 pfund et al 2009 labov et al 2009 2009 several important publications conferences events pointed toward confluence around interdisciplinary interconnected approaches themes undergraduate education life sciences events included following release draft curriculum frameworks biology college boards multiyear restructuring advanced placement courses science high school students see httpapcentralcollegeboardcomapcpublicrepositorydraftrevisedapbiologycurriculumpdf restructuring closely follows recommendations report nrc 2002 calls teaching fewer concepts greater depth restructuring also requires developing implementing means measure students level conceptual understanding mervis 2009a wood 2009publication scientific foundations future physicians joint report howard hughes medical institute hhmi association american medical colleges calls change undergraduate science education away system based courses one based competencies according committee competencybased approach give learners educators flexibility premedical curriculum allow development interdisciplinary integrative courses maintain scientific rigor providing broad education executive summary p 11convening vision change undergraduate biology education summit held washington dc july 2009 organized american association advancement science support nsf summit brought together 500 people consider future pathways undergraduate education life sciences mervis 2009b woodin et al 20092 report summit planned release 2010publication september 2009 new biology twentyfirst century committee aegis nrcs board life sciences nrc 2009 podcast report available httpdelsnasedudelsviewreportcgiid5953 report proposes bold new integrated research agenda important implications future undergraduate k12 science educationconvening november 2009 interdisciplinary forum synthetic biology part annual national academies keck futures initiative3 consistent calls find ways develop science curricula conjunction cuttingedge scientific discoveries jurkowski et al 2007 forum actively considered issues education communication synthetic biology conjunction discussions scientific legal ethical aspects report event published national academies 2010 thus throughout past year life sciences community focused attention biological research likely progress next several decades education life sciences might keep pace rethinking research priorities progress nrc 2009 report offers comprehensive review sets issues recommendations research education agendas summarized belowa new biology twentyfirst century overview implications biological researchbiological research midst revolutionary change due integration powerful technologies along new concepts methods derived inclusion physical sciences mathematics computational sciences engineering never advances biological sciences hold tremendous promise surmounting many major challenges confronting united states world historically major advances science provided solutions economic social challenges time challenges inspired science focus attention critical needs scientific efforts based meeting societal needs laid foundation countless new products industries even entire economic sectors unimagined work began essence new biology integrationreintegration many subdisciplines biology integration biology physicists chemists computer scientists engineers mathematicians create research community capacity tackle broad range scientific societal problems nrc 2009 p viii new biology represents additional complementary approach biological research purposefully organized around problemsolving approach marshals basic research advance fundamental understanding brings together researchers different expertise develops technologies required task coordinates efforts ensure gaps filled problems solved resources brought bear right time nrc 2009 p 3the committee4 authored new biology nrc 2009 figure 1 asked national institutes health nsf us department energy undertake appraisal areas life sciences poised make major advances advances could contribute practical applications improved environmental stewardship human health quality life also asked examine current trends toward integration synthesis within life sciences increasingly important role interdisciplinary teams resultant implications funding strategies decision making infrastructure education life sciencesfigure 1 report cover new biology 21st centurythe report states life sciences face moment opportunity similar faced physics twentieth century members committee identified four major areas societal challenge problemfocused research incorporating emerging theory new technologies fundamental findings basic research life sciences integration life sciences physical sciences mathematics engineering could enable biology contribute rapid progress practical problemsolving broad areas fact interdependent must addressed parallel include following health emphasis developing capacity understand individual health level allows prevention diagnosis treatment based individuals unique genetic environmental characteristics rather statistical probabilityenvironment emphasis developing means monitor diagnose restore ecosystem function biodiversity face rapid environmental changeenergy emphasis expanding sustainable alternatives fossil fuels andfood emphasis developing capability adapt crop plant sustainable growth set growing conditions new biology successful would make possible quickly predictably breed food plants suitable cultivation needed committee envisioned new biology cycle encompassing four major components figure 2 integration scientific information theory technologies thinking complex problems noted figure 2 biology essential traditional form insufficient confront key problems must addressed future physical sciences mathematics engineering information sciences must integrated traditional discipline form new biology importantly committee emphasized science education must integral input interdisciplinary approach capacious problems science education also envisioned advancing result feedback loops emerge integrated approachdeeper understanding biological systems deeper understanding biological systems emerges multifaceted thinking experts variety disciplines deeper understanding advance biology era observation mechanism one deciphering design principles biological processes making accessible manipulation eventually predictablebiologically based solutions societal problems societal problems may intractable approaches deeper understanding results integrated interdisciplinary collaborations driving new biology allow rapid progress complex interrelated challenges areas health environment energy food context societal issues could considered interactive drivers large scale spurring development enabling technologies new discoveryfeedback benefits contributing disciplines education collective synergistic knowledge thinking emerge integrated approaches biological research applications societal challenges turn inform stimulate fundamental research across scientific spectrum science education education tracks projected trajectory research encompassed new biology individual disciplines also likely converge around idea integrated interconnected science technology engineering mathematics stem educationfigure 2 inputs outcomes new integrated approach biological research twentyfirst century nrc 2009 p 18a new biology twentyfirst century overview implications biological educationthe committee observed new biology presents unprecedented opportunities draw attention excitement biology require new ways thinking attract educate retain undergraduates detailed belowthe new biology initiative provides opportunity attract students science want solve realworld problemsthis approach may especially attractive students would otherwise become disenfranchised science traditional approaches teaching learning emerging research demonstrating allowing students make connections science study problems families communities face encourage greater interest science well motivation learn scientific concepts deeply nrc 2000b hulleman harackiewicz 2009the new biologist scientist knows little disciplines one deep knowledge one discipline working fluency severalalthough vision scientists participate new biology may seem support current structure science majors actually would require different thinking scientists educated solving complex interdisciplinary problems require students go far beyond life science majors understanding connections exist across disciplines make connections requiring separate courses natural behavioral sciences attempt help students make specific connections among probably insufficient preparing future life scientists without offering exposure experience engineering design computer science appreciation broader connections science technology nrc 1998 2003 national academy engineering 2002 2007 2009 constitute adequate preparation mere exposure requiring students take courses areas likely prepare make understand connections among disciplines specific efforts must made help students learn skills nrc 2000bhighly developed quantitative skills increasingly importantmathematics quantitative tools becoming increasingly important work biologists advancement field areas need become larger part undergraduate biology education nrc 2003a bialek botstein 20045 brent 2004 cohen 2004 hoy 2004 gross 2004 steen 2005 however many structural systemic impediments limit true integration mathematics quantitative literacy undergraduate biology education include lack communication biology mathematics departments better integrate mathematical concepts examples biology courses appropriate examples involving biology mathematics courses biology majors enroll also persistent misperceptions kinds mathematics required prepare premedical students medical college admission test currently none specifically required6 entrance medical schools requirements vary widely urging preparation mathematics one two semesters calculus algebra statistics7 recent report association american medical colleges hhmi 2009 recommends students able apply quantitative reasoning appropriate mathematics describe explain phenomena natural world p 22 competency could demonstrated students able demonstrate quantitative numeracy facility language mathematicsinterpret data sets communicate interpretations using visual appropriate toolsmake statistical inferences data setsextract relevant information large data setsmake inferences natural phenomena using mathematical modelsapply algorithmic approaches principles logic including distinction causeeffect association problemsolvingquantify interpret changes dynamical systems pp 2224 new thinking ways integrate connect two disciplines serve basis departments biology mathematics professional societies disciplines work together toward improvement undergraduate education envisioned new biologydevelopment implementation genuinely interdisciplinary undergraduate courses curricula prepare students careers new biology researchers educate new generation science teachers well versed new biology approachesthe preparation future science teachers must become joint responsibility faculties science departments schools education nrc 1998 2000a 2003a templates syllabi interdisciplinary undergraduate courses would benefit teachers science especially elementary middle grades published8 science mathematics engineering faculty academic leaders higher education must recognize roles preparing future teachers well future researchers consideration must given undergraduates need learn teach science way envisioned new biology respect necessary scientific knowledge base familiarity scientifically based pedagogical techniques effective teaching sciencesimilar attention needs paid preparing graduate students become next generation faculty turn assume responsibility k12 teacher preparation graduate students encouraged pursue quality teaching experiences provided training new approaches teaching learning exposure research literature human learning cognition part preparationwhat characteristics might undergraduate courses emphasize interdisciplinary approach envisioned new biology report provides example introductory courses harvard university see box 2 additional models offered sencer see footnote 9 include courses biological emphases cellular molecular biology cancerlife science context subsaharan africa hivaidsthe science sleepslow foodaddiction biology psychology societyenvironment diseasenutrition wellness iowa environmenthuman geneticstuberculosisbiomedical issues hivaidsmysteries migrationbox 1 connecting bio 101 realworld issues interdisciplinary approachin 20052006 harvard university launched two semesterlong introductory courses provide interdisciplinary introduction biology chemistry first course synthesizes essential topics chemistry molecular biology cell biology second course synthesizes essential topics genetics genomics probability evolutionary biology scientific facts concepts introduced context exciting interdisciplinary questions understanding possibility synthetic life biology treatment aids cancer human population genetics malaria interdisciplinary teaching students grasp fundamental concepts reinforced encounter principles multiple situations course taught small team faculty multiple departments members teaching team attend lectures participate entire term preparation teaching effort course offering integrated teaching assistants also drawn different departments work small interdepartmental teamsdevelopment courses required institutional support president dean faculty chair life sciences council provided funds support oneyear curriculum development effort lab renovations lower teaching fellowstudent ratios equipment development teaching materials one founding faculty members hhmi undergraduate education award contributed developing specific sets teaching materialssuccess depended finding faculty members personal commitments principles courses willingness work team build new courses scratch effort rewarded individual departments agreed count interdepartmental interdisciplinary courses toward respective departmental teaching expectationssince courses implemented undergraduate enrollment introductory life sciences courses 30 number life sciences majors risen 18 nrc 2009 p 80the life sciences science education communities made significant advances articulating undergraduate biology education made accessible students varying education needs learning styles beginnings real consensus future course life sciences education emerging year 2010 opens ideas transforming undergraduate education future research biologists envisioned bio 2010 report considered seriously implemented widely many imagined report published 2003 eg pfund et al 2009 new biology report emphasized ongoing lasting relevance bio 2010 also noted incomplete implementation recommendations date much work remainsthe findings recommendations emerged 2009 offer collective coherent vision improving undergraduate science education general biology education specifically community must work toward implementation visions articulated new biology recent initiatives scaled encompass areas biology undergraduates enroll biology courses programsfootnotes1 separate executive summary report available wwwhhmiorggrantspdf08209execsummarypdf2 additional information available wwwvisionandchangeorg3 additional information available wwwkeckfuturesorgconferencessyntheticbiologyhtml4 list committee members institutional affiliations available httpbooksnapeduopenbookphprecordid12764pager55 editorial part special issue science mathematics biology relevant papers issue available links wwwsciencemagorgsciextmathbio6 according association american medical colleges medical college admission test mcat standardized multiplechoice examination designed assess examinees problem solving critical thinking writing skills knowledge science concepts principles prerequisite study medicine scores reported verbal reasoning physical sciences writing sample biological sciences medical colleges consider mcat exam scores part admission process see wwwaamcorgstudentsmcataboutstarthtm7 listing entry requirements mathematics medical schools united states see wwwcseemoryedusciencenetadditionalmathreqspdf8 example model courses developed support nsf part science education new civic engagements responsibilities sencer see wwwsencernetresourcesmodelscfm mathematicsscience partnerships see httpmspnetorg initiativesreferences allen tanner k 2007 putting horse back front cart using visions decisions highquality learning experiences drive course design cbe life sci educ accessed 9 december 2009 6 8589 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull6285maxtoshowhits10hits10resultformatfulltexthumanlearningandorexactfulltextandsearchid1firstindex0sortspecrelevanceresourcetypehwcit google scholar association american medical colleges howard hughes medical institute 2009 scientific foundations future physicians report aamchhmi committee accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc chevy chase md wwwhhmiorggrantspdf08209aamchhmireportpdf google scholar bialek w botstein 2004 introductory science mathematics education 21stcentury biologists science accessed 9 december 2009 303 788790 wwwsciencemagorgcgicontentfull3035659788 google scholar brent r 2004 points view interface mathematics biology intuition innumeracy cell biol educ accessed 9 december 2009 3 8890 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull3288 google scholar cohen j e 2004 mathematics biologys next microscope better biology mathematics next physics better plos biol accessed 9 december 2009 2 e439 wwwplosbiologyorgarticleinfo3adoi2f1013712fjournalpbio0020439 google scholar dehaan r l 2009 teaching creativity inventive problem solving science cbe life sci educ accessed 9 december 2009 8 172181 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull83172maxtoshowhits10hits10resultformatfulltexthumancognitionandorexactfulltextandsearchid1firstindex0sortspecrelevanceresourcetypehwcit google scholar gross l j 2004 points view interface mathematics biology interdisciplinarity undergraduate biology curriculum finding balance cell biol educ accessed 9 december 2009 3 8587 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull3285 google scholar handelsman et al 2006 scientific teaching san francisco ca freeman co google scholar hoy r 2004 points view interface mathematics biology new math biology old math cell biol educ accessed 9 december 2009 3 9092 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull3290 google scholar hulleman c harackiewicz j 2009 promoting interest performance high school science classes science 326 14101412 medline google scholar jurkowski reid h labov j b 2007 metagenomics call bringing new science classroom still new cbe life sci educ accessed 5 december 2009 6 260265 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull64260maxtoshowhits10hits10resultformatauthor1jurkowskiandorexactfulltextandsearchid1firstindex0sortspecrelevanceresourcetypehwcit google scholar labov j b singer r george schweingruber h hilton l 2009 national academies effective practices undergraduate stem education part 1 examining evidence cbe life sci educ accessed 13 december 2009 8 157161 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull83157maxtoshowhits10hits10resultformat1author1labovandorexacttitleandandorexacttitleabsandandorexactfulltextandsearchid1firstindex0sortspecrelevanceresourcetypehwcithweltr google scholar mervis j 2009a revisions ap courses expected domino effect science accessed 10 december 2009 325 14881498 wwwsciencemagorgcgireprint32559471488pdf google scholar mervis j 2009b universities begin rethink university biology courses science accessed 10 december 2009 325 527 wwwsciencemagorgcgireprint3255940527apdf google scholar morse jutras f 2008 implementing conceptbased learning large undergraduate classroom cbe life sci educ accessed 9 december 2009 7 243253 wwwlifesciedorgcgicontentfull72243maxtoshowhits10hits10resultformatfulltexthumancognitionandorexactfulltextandsearchid1firstindex0sortspecrelevanceresourcetypehwcit google scholar national academy engineering nae 2002 technically speaking americans need know technology accessed 9 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid10250 google scholar nae 2007 exploring opportunities green chemistry engineering education workshop summary chemical sciences roundtable accessed 9 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid11843 google scholar nae 2009 engineering k12 education understanding status improving prospects accessed 9 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid12635 google scholar national research council nrc 1996 analysis action undergraduate education science mathematics engineering technology accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid9128 google scholar nrc 1997 science teaching reconsidered handbook accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid5287 google scholar nrc 1998 transforming undergraduate education science mathematics engineering technology accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid6453 google scholar nrc 2000a educating teachers science mathematics technology new practices new millennium accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid9832 google scholar nrc 2000b people learn brain mind experience school expanded edition accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid9853 google scholar nrc 2002 learning understanding improving advanced study mathematics science us high school students accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid10129 google scholar nrc 2003a bio 2010 transforming undergraduate biology education future research biologists accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid10497 google scholar nrc 2003b evaluating improving undergraduate education science technology engineering mathematics accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid10024 google scholar nrc 2003c improving undergraduate instruction science technology engineering mathematics report workshop accessed december 5 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordid10711 google scholar nrc 2005 americas lab report investigations high school science accessed 5 december 2009 washington dc national academies press wwwnapeducatalogphprecordlwoenid1311 google scho
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https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820801997353
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Pat Marsteller
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Beyond <i>BIO2010</i>: Integrating Biology and Mathematics: Collaborations, Challenges, and Opportunities
| 2,010 |
Emory University
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cbelife sciences educationvol 9 3 editorialfree accessbeyond bio2010 integrating biology mathematics collaborations challenges opportunitiespat marstellerpat marstelleremory university atlanta ga 30322search papers authorpublished online13 oct 2017httpsdoiorg101187cbe10060084aboutsectionsview pdf toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inredditemail introductionwelcome special issue cbelife sciences education national scientific academic community issued repeated clarion calls revising college biology curricula mathematical computational preparation future life scientists reflect tools practices science issue celebrates progress incorporating quantitative reasoning biology courses integrating biological exemplars mathematics courses within 17 articles seven essays seven features readers find examples innovative undergraduate research programs emerged research collaborations biologists mathematicians well collaborations initiated either biologists mathematicians articles essays illustrate collaborations biologists quantitative scientists resulted new courses new majors textbooks modules highlight celebrate progress toward bio2010 visionintroductory biology courses modules modelsmultiple approaches integrate quantitative skills introductory biology courses give educators options adopt adapt materials institutions example thompson et al demonstrate quantitative proficiency appreciation mathematics increases use interactive modules bray speth et al illustrate infusion methods teaching quantitative skills large class robeva discusses modules align molecular biology discrete mathematics matthews et al describe collaboration mathematics biological sciences education faculty create develop implement evaluate interdisciplinary quantitative course firstyear students jungck et al make case linking mathematical manipulative models interactive exploration computer simulations derivation mathematical relationships analysis real data sets help learners develop appreciation mathematical reasoning informs problem solving inference precise communication biologycalculus upperlevel courses highlight research frontiers catalyze curricular changefirst mathematics calculus courses integrate biological examples modeling research also catalyze curricular reform example duffus olifer illustrate calculus course life science majors affected upperlevel neuroscience courses incorporating modeling bioinformatics statistical analyses real research projects integrated courses usher et al describe developing biocalculus section standard calculus course embedding quantitative activities existing biology courses led new interdisciplinary major quantitative biology designed students interested solving complex biological problems using advanced mathematical approaches chiel et al depict upperlevel modeling course introduces students strong backgrounds math engineering excitement research frontiers biology similarly tra evans use real microarray data sets central tool engaging advanced undergraduates sophisticated statistical analysis smolinski uses research data sets introduce biology neuroscience students computational statistical analytical toolset required modern biological research integrating research projects within postcalculus statistics course watkins outlines onesemester course aimed familiarizing students statistical thinking scientific procedures quantitative modeling statistical software computational tools svoboda passmore address program structure structure specific modeling tasks influence student learning yearlong course research project develop heuristics building evaluating curricular reform elements knisley behravesh describe unique interinstitutional collaboration modeling course biomedical engineering course focused one primary biomedical engineering problem could easily run physiology class athletes students interested sports medicine multiple modeling solutionsundergraduate research catalyst reformreaders find examples undergraduate research programs students dual mentoring examples individual mentors incorporated biology quantitative elements milton et al example call teaching time management project management skills enhance effectiveness collaborative undergraduate research projects often undergraduate research programs catalyze curriculum reform goins et al describe development implementation faculty alliance across academic departments increase biomathematics research opportunities underrepresented minorities model includes fostering associations research regular undergraduate academic courses creating disseminating biomathematics teaching learning modules enhancing learning community support interface mathematics biology miller walston describe grassroots efforts faculty members grown broad support faculty administration building undergraduate research resources already place university developed interdisciplinary teams researchers created opportunities curricular scholarly conversations faculty supported faculty development using research interests caudill et al describe four recent undergraduate research projects involving students faculty biology physics mathematics computer science contributed conception implementation new quantitative science course firstyear students integrates material first course major biology chemistry mathematics computer science physicsbeyond bio2010 challenges futuremany papers examine key barriers full integration quantitative methods potential solutions bergevin 2010 indicates one biggest challenges biology mathematics education originates departmental differences resources teaching priorities philosophies inculcating collaborative curriculum developments require administrative recognition efforts well changes reward structure institutions join movement new journal attracts biologists mathematicians computer scientists might one solution alternatively existing science mathematics education journal could incorporate special issues issue routine features integrated educational approaches providing faculty rewards publication disseminationalthough bioquest curriculum consortium 25yr history educating current faculty bringing biologists mathematicians computer scientists together collaborate curriculum developments many faculty still uncomfortable approaches outlined special issue noted marsteller et al essay issue developing digital library repository tested strategies modules one approach helping faculty future faculty incorporate new strategies teaching integrative modules however continued summer institutes workshops society meetings special efforts reach graduate students postdoctoral associates urgently neededstudents often resist new pedagogical curriculum approaches perhaps biologists quantitative colleagues make use report american association medical colleges howard hughes medical institute 2009 outlines competencies future physicians create quantitative competencies graduate programs career paths students easily see old curriculum pedagogy longer sufficient biology majors need aware breadth opportunities available professionally increases enormously mathematics computer science taken using authentic research data analysis models simulations biology students may easy converts mathematics computational science students may harder convincevariable preparation entrylevel college students calls collaboration colleges k12 educators prepare students integrating mathematics computational skills science courses using pedagogies illustrate authentic realworld applications science mathematics collaborating develop common learning outcomes mathematical computational literacy validated assessmentplacement tests shared outcomes assessments facilitative student faculty transition integrated mathematical biology worldmany innovations portrayed special issue could happened without generous support howard hughes medical institute national science foundation national institutes health continued expanded funding streams required adopt adapt innovations portrayed create new ones address challengesthe authors special issue deserve credit pioneering many explorations hybrid space mathematics biology undergraduate level hope efforts adopted adapted implemented broadly witness multiple instantiations germinal approaches well flowering numerous innovations invite community distribute issue colleagues biology mathematics statistics computational science solicit contributions cselse focus innovations interface biology quantitative sciencesreferencesamerican association medical colleges howard hughes medical institute 2009 american association medical colleges howard hughes medical institute 2009 scientific foundations future physicians washington dc google scholarbergevin 2010 bergevin c 2010 towards improving integration undergraduate biology mathematics education j microbiol biol educ 11 2833 medline google scholarfiguresreferencesrelateddetailscited bysupporting computational apprenticeship educational software infrastructure case study mathematical oncology research lab18 february 2021 primus vol 32 3the conceptualization quantitative reasoning among introductory biology facultyjournal microbiology biology education vol 22 3interdisciplinary conversations stem education faculty understand better students do19 february 2021 international journal stem education vol 8 1overcoming challenges enhancing experimental plant biology computational modeling20 july 2021 frontiers plant science vol 12infusion quantitative statistical concepts biology courses improve quantitative literacy10 october 2023 journal college science teaching vol 47 5integrating emerging areas nursing science phd programsnursing outlook vol 63 4discovering power individualbased modelling teaching learning study predatorprey system14 november 2013 journal science education technology vol 23 4using student feedback improve student attitudes mathematical confidence first year interdisciplinary quantitative course ashes disasterinternational journal mathematical education science technology vol 44 6on edge mathematics biology integration improving quantitative skills undergraduate biology educationjason feser helen vasaly jose herrera13 october 2017 cbelife sciences education vol 12 2 vol 9 3 september 01 2010 141377 metrics downloads citations downloads 124 citations 9 history information 2010 p marsteller cbelife sciences education 2010 american society cell biology article distributed american society cell biology license authorspdf download
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-11-160
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null | null | null | null |
cedlasconicetuniversidad nacional de la plata la plata buenos aires 1900 argentina
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-41
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Steven J. Hoffman|Yasmeen Mansoor|Navneet Natt|Lathika Sritharan|Belluz Julia|Timothy Caulfield|Yoni Freedhoff|John N. Lavis|Arya M. Sharma
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Celebrities’ impact on health-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and status outcomes: protocol for a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
| 2,017 |
University of Ottawa|University of Ottawa|University of Ottawa|University of Ottawa|Voxiva (United States)|University of Alberta|Polytechnic University of Bari|Harvard Global Health Institute|Canadian Obesity Network|University of Alberta
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celebrities highly influential people whose actions decisions watched often emulated wide audiences many celebrities used prominent social standing offer medical advice endorse health products trend expected increase however extent impact celebrities shaping publics healthrelated knowledge attitudes behaviors status unclear systematic review seeks answer following questions 1 healthrelated outcomes influenced celebrities 2 large impact celebrities actually healthrelated outcomes 3 circumstances celebrities produce either beneficial harmful impactsten databases searched including medline embase psycinfo pubmed cinahl communication complete sociological abstracts social sciences citation index journals scholars portal proquest dissertations theses ai two reviewers conducted title abstract screening fulltext screening identify primary studies employed empirical methods either quantitative qualitative examine celebrities impact healthrelated knowledge attitudes behaviors status outcomesthe results review contribute understanding celebrity influences design positive evidencebased celebrity health promotion activities addition findings help inform development media reporting guidelines pertaining celebrity health news provide guidance public health authorities whether respond work celebritiesprospero crd42015019268
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.026
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David Cella|Cindy J. Nowinski|Amy H. Peterman|David Victorson|Deborah Miller|Jin Shei Lai|Claudia S. Moy
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The Neurology Quality-of-Life Measurement Initiative
| 2,011 |
Northwestern University|Northwestern University|University of North Carolina at Charlotte|Northwestern University|Cleveland Clinic|Northwestern University|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|National Institutes of Health
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cella nowinski c peterman victorson miller lai js moy c neurology qualityoflife measurement initiative objective describe development calibration banks scales quality life neurological disorders neuroqol project commissioned national institute neurological disorders stroke develop bilingual englishspanish clinically relevant psychometrically robust healthrelated qualityoflife hrqol assessment tool design classic modern test construction methods used including input essential stakeholder groups setting online patient panel testing service 11 academic medical centers clinics across united states puerto rico treat major neurologic disorders participants adult pediatric patients representing different neurologic disorders specified study proxy respondents select conditions stroke pediatric conditions english spanishspeaking participants general population interventions applicable main outcome measures multiple generic conditionspecific measures used provide construct validity evidence new neuroqol tool results neuroqol developed 14 generic item banks 8 targeted scales assess hrqol 5 adult stroke multiple sclerosis parkinsons disease epilepsy amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 pediatric conditions epilepsy muscular dystrophies conclusions neuroqol system continue evolve validation efforts clinical populations new bank development health domains presently included potential neuroqol measures rehabilitation research clinical settings discussed
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https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614523473
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Sandra Molano|Andrés Polo
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Social Network Analysis in a Learning Community
| 2,015 | null |
cendes colombia centre seeks integral human development forced displaced population caused civil conflict country centre meant learning community cooperative participatory trustworthy relationships arise paper efforts put showcase analysis social networks among beneficiaries incidence intervention process order identify possible areas improvement strengthen effectiveness emancipation process methodology involves document reviews interviews use ucinet software social network analysis sna formulation key features cendes beneficiaries connection strength degree intermediation degree separation degree centrality discussed showing results people associated process connected low density entire network created greater tendency clustering reflecting teamwork four thirty five people network show leadership characteristics indicating individuals high degree empowerment particularly power exercise authority deserved high sense cooperation overall average degree centrality network shows tends exist homogeneity position nodes network presenting marked hierarchies facilitating communication processes likely taking node network network flow affected results complement processes development centre based roles importance key people within process
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2973-5
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null | null | null |
publishedVersion
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center neuroscience behavioral
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https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060482
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Katherine A. Ortmeyer|Vignesh Raman|Chidinma Tiko-Okoye|Jairo Espinosa|David T. Cooke|Sandra L. Starnes|Cherie P. Erkmen
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Goals, organizational change, advocacy, diversity literacy, and sustainability: A checklist for diversity in cardiothoracic surgery training programs
| 2,021 |
Temple University|Duke University|Lankenau Medical Center|Temple University|University of California, Davis|University of Cincinnati|Temple University
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central messagein goals checklist setting goals organizational change advocacy diversity literacy sustainability key promoting di ct surgery programssee commentaries pages 1788 1789 goals checklist setting goals organizational change advocacy diversity literacy sustainability key promoting di ct surgery programs see commentaries pages 1788 1789 diversity physician workforce essential effectively treat rapidly changing patient population optimize modern healthcare environment physicians must culturally competent integrate diversity language communication styles beliefs attitudes patient care1paez ka allen jk beach mc carson ka cooper la physician cultural competence patient ratings patientphysician relationshipj gen intern med 2009 24 495498crossref pubmed scopus 68 google scholar delivery equitable health care depends diverse physician workforce proven result improved patient satisfaction quality care2saha komaromy koepsell td bindman ab patientphysician racial concordance perceived quality use health carearch intern med 1999 159 9971004crossref pubmed scopus 640 google scholar well superior financial performance health systems3gomez le bernet p diversity improves performance outcomesj natl med assoc 2019 111 383392crossref pubmed scopus 124 google scholar outside health care diversity leads improved company culture talent retention increased innovation4the 20192020 hays asia diversity inclusion reporthttpimageemailhayscomlibfe4315707564057c751c71m1f344ca83da484fe59fb9f4c02252159apdfgoogle scholar innovative solutions adaptability essential face major shifts healthcare paradigms unfolding coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic absolutely require diverse physician workforce despite evidence favor diverse workforce diversity among physicians remains low particularly surgical subspecialties among academic cardiothoracic ct surgeons 2018 black hispanic surgeons composed 3 5 workforce respectively despite representing 13 18 general us population5ortmeyer k raman v tikookoye c espinosa j cooke dt erkmen c women minorities underrepresented academic cardiothoracic surgery time next stepsann thorac surg november 5 2020 epub ahead printabstract full text full text pdf scopus 4 google scholar women represented 17 practicing ct surgeons representation groups even lower among senior leadership positions6cooke dt olive j godoy l preventza mathisen dj prager rl importance diverse specialty introducing sts workforce diversity inclusionann thorac surg 2019 108 10001005abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 31 google scholar furthermore trainees surgeons reported high rates racial discrimination gender discrimination harassment adversely affect physician wellness7hu yy ellis rj hewitt db yang ad cheung eo moskowitz jt et aldiscrimination abuse harassment burnout surgical residency trainingn engl j med 2019 381 17411752crossref pubmed scopus 259 google scholar8filut alvarez carnes discrimination toward physicians color systematic reviewj natl med assoc 2020 112 117140crossref pubmed scopus 22 google scholar president emeritus association american medical colleges aamc addressed subject 2019 writing ever must take decisive action end conscious unconscious racial bias overt discrimination gender harassment inequity academic medicine9addressing racism mistreatment academic medicine aamchttpswwwaamcorgnewsinsightsaddressingracismandmistreatmentacademicmedicinegoogle scholar accreditation council graduate medical education acgme also recognized importance developing culture diversity adding common program requirements program must engage practices focus missiondriven ongoing systematic recruitment retention diverse inclusive workforce residents fellows faculty members senior administrative staff members relevant members academic community10common program requirementshttpswwwacgmeorgwhatwedoaccreditationcommonprogramrequirementsgoogle scholar unfortunately guidelines training programs regarding implementation culture diversity inclusion di address propose checklist serve comprehensive framework development programspecific di policy within every ct surgery program figure 1 necessary first step evidence gathered efficacy initiatives directive best practices may developed future medline pubmed search conducted using terms diversity inclusion surgery thoracic surgery guidelines evidence gathered acgme aamc american college surgeons american surgical association various university surgical programs publications psychology sociology business recommendations developed basis review resources search returned hundreds articles di surgery medicine thousands fields outside health care quantities increased every year revealing increased awareness importance diversity focused several key guidelines articles studies developing recommendations five themes emerged critical development successful di program 1 establishment discrete specific goals 2 organizational change support initiatives 3 advocacy support structures attract retain diverse surgeons 4 educational programs diversity literacy culture change 5 sustainability efforts think goals organizational change advocacy literacy sustainability goals figure 21goals first critical component diversity program establishment discrete goals11kaiser cr major b jurcevic dover tl brady lm shapiro jr presumed fair ironic effects organizational diversity structuresj pers soc psychol 2013 104 504519crossref pubmed scopus 179 google scholar initial step creation mission statement defines programs commitment diversity followed vision statement organization sees period sustained effort programs may revise overall mission statement create separate mission statement regarding di program define goals diversity systematic processes deliverables evaluate accomplishments failures11kaiser cr major b jurcevic dover tl brady lm shapiro jr presumed fair ironic effects organizational diversity structuresj pers soc psychol 2013 104 504519crossref pubmed scopus 179 google scholar potential metrics progress include number applicants interviewees trainees women underrepresented minorities medicine uim training programs also establish goals recruitment retention promotion faculty underrepresented populations advancement women uim faculty improves faculty diversity also increases recruitment groups improving applicants trainees perception opportunity field12auseon aj kolibash aj capers q successful efforts increase diversity cardiology fellowship training programj grad med educ 2013 5 481485crossref pubmed google scholar faculty level systems compensation evaluation promotion must scrutinized bias sexism racism members di task force collaborative roundtable forums assistance third party13dibrito sr lopez cm jones c mathur reducing implicit bias association women surgeons heforshe task force best practice recommendationsj coll surg 2019 228 303309abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 44 google scholar diversity mission goals policy disseminated faculty trainees well potential applicants recruitment materials online program descriptions including aamc acgme websites programs aim produce scholarship related performance diversity efforts experiences shared national meetings peerreviewed publications disseminate successful strategies mitigate structural bias ct surgery2organizational change efforts promote diversity ct surgery training program require organizational support depend buyin institutional leadership administrators faculty trainees support staff14kang sk kaplan working toward gender diversity inclusion medicine myths solutionslancet 2019 393 579586abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 77 google scholar program establish task force responsible parties uphold mission15kalev dobbin f kelly e best practices best guesses assessing efficacy corporate affirmative action diversity policiesam sociol rev 2006 71 589617crossref scopus 1043 google scholar task force must seek understand barriers diversity within program prioritize areas effectively targeted change16pedulla diversity inclusion efforts really work harvard business reviewhttpshbrorg202005diversityandinclusioneffortsthatreallyworkgoogle scholar develop actionable goals17daley sp palermo ag nivet sotogreene ml taylor vs butts gc et aldiversity academic medicine 6 successful programs minority faculty development ingredients successmt sinai j med 2008 75 533551crossref pubmed scopus 27 google scholar number tools available assist process including diversity engagement survey18diversity engagement survey aamchttpswwwaamcorgwhatwedomissionareasdiversityinclusionengagementsurveygoogle scholar national institutes health scientific workforce diversity toolkit19nih scientific workforce diversity toolkit swd nihhttpsdiversitynihgovtoolkitgoogle scholar also responsibility task force assess current institutional resources identify additional investments needed achieve diversity goals16pedulla diversity inclusion efforts really work harvard business reviewhttpshbrorg202005diversityandinclusioneffortsthatreallyworkgoogle scholar sponsoring institutions training programs must actively empower diversity task force achieve diversity goals leadership departments health systems medical schools validate task force participation leadership recognition resources administrative personnel ideally compensation invested effort14kang sk kaplan working toward gender diversity inclusion medicine myths solutionslancet 2019 393 579586abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 77 google scholar20taggar ellis r role leaders shaping formal team normsleadersh q 2007 18 105120crossref scopus 83 google scholar faculty contribute diversity efforts meaningful ways mentoring uim trainees developing diversity curricula reorganizing recruitment mitigate bias could receive compensation actions forms compensation may include reduction clinical workload credit educational value unit relative value unitbased performance system acknowledgement valued endeavors promotions21values rvus teaching international association medical science educators iamsehttpwwwiamseorgmsearticlevaluesrvusandteachinggoogle scholar finally programs collaborate existing di officers representatives experts within institutions assist optimizing di processes recruitment retention evaluation promotion trainees faculty diversity specialists within sponsoring institution align training program goals create shared resources example institutions sponsor housing transportation uim students trainees interview attend secondlook visit residency system12auseon aj kolibash aj capers q successful efforts increase diversity cardiology fellowship training programj grad med educ 2013 5 481485crossref pubmed google scholar potential strategies shared among training programs within institution include development websites recruitment materials highlight diversity mission policies institution22kerr hl armstrong la cade je barriers becoming female surgeon influence female surgical role modelspostgrad med j 2016 92 576580crossref pubmed scopus 39 google scholar outreach mentorship programs attract underrepresented populations pipeline programs23mason bs ross w chambers mc grant r parks pipeline program recruits retains women underrepresented minorities procedure based specialties brief reportam j surg 2017 213 662665abstract full text full text pdf pubmed scopus 29 google scholar surgical shadowing schemes24bartlett rd momin sm azam rotimi quick tj development surgical shadowing scheme improve undergraduate experiences surgeryadv med educ pract 2019 10 619626crossref pubmed scopus 4 google scholar funded subinternship opportunities25diversity sub internships center health equity diversity inclusionhttpscediweb01suweduresidentsfellowsdiversityvisitingmedicalstudentsubinternshipprogramgoogle scholar training programs successfully used outside consultants engage faculty trainees sensitive sometimes emotional discussions bias discrimination like diversity efforts approach successful program institutional leadership must dedicate money time effort3advocacy attract retain women uim surgeons ct surgery program important provide formal support system advocate decision pursue specialty often made early undergraduate training medical school therefore ct surgery programs strive improve exposure uim individuals specialty summer research internships students clinical shadowing opportunities collaboration student organizations latino medical student association society black academic surgeons student national medical association association women surgeons training programs actively encourage women uim students apply scholarships offered ct surgery societies attend national ct surgery meetings uim individuals less likely receive mentorship formal mentoring programs developed support individuals throughout training17daley sp palermo ag nivet sotogreene ml taylor vs butts gc et aldiversity academic medicine 6 successful programs minority faculty development ingredients successmt sinai j med 2008 75 533551crossref pubmed scopus 27 google scholar ideally programs develop network mentorship among students residents fellows faculty different stages career relationships fundamental establishing culture inclusion17daley sp palermo ag nivet sotogreene ml taylor vs butts gc et aldiversity academic medicine 6 successful programs minority faculty development ingredients successmt sinai j med 2008 75 533551crossref pubmed scopus 27 google scholar mentors educated prepared recognize discrimination harassment bias grandrounds lectures small group seminars able refer mentees appropriate resources help26pendleton aa coe mtm saillant nn define address gender discrimination sexual harassment surgical training american college surgeonshttpswwwfacsorgeducationdivisionofeducationpublicationsrisearticlesgendergoogle scholar among care team mentors faculty coach trainees promoting inclusion respect responsibility mentorship fall disproportionately women underrepresented minority surgeons program27rodrguez je campbell km pololi lh addressing disparities academic medicine minority taxbmc med educ 2015 15 6crossref pubmed scopus 216 google scholar every surgeon encouraged mentor people differing backgrounds uim individuals women28byerley js mentoring era metoojama 2020 323 17141715crossref pubmed scopus 1 google scholar uim female faculty member recruited continue require advocacy support institution particularly access professional development opportunities opportunities include limited grant writing workshops time management didactics personal finance education administrative assistant support realistic performance expectations tripartite academic mission transparent criteria promotion merit advancement finally must acknowledge profound loneliness burden scarce diverse faculty working field black ct surgeons composing 3 academic ct surgery faculty statistically black surgeon likely black academic room overwhelming effects ones psyche potential loneliness must acknowledged institutional leadership support groups safe spaces whether person technological conferencing provided29gewin v black scientists want colleagues institutionsnature 2020 583 319322crossref pubmed scopus 15 google scholar4literacy critical component diversity policy development educational programs support culture diversity mitigate structural bias30devine pg forscher ps austin aj cox wtl longterm reduction implicit race bias prejudice habitbreaking interventionj exp soc psychol 2012 48 12671278crossref pubmed scopus 546 google scholar programs reference several online resources19nih scientific workforce diversity toolkit swd nihhttpsdiversitynihgovtoolkitgoogle scholar31diversity inclusion toolkit resources aamc available httpswwwaamcorgprofessionaldevelopmentaffinitygroupscfasdiversityinclusiontoolkitresources accessed july 23 2020google scholar consult institutional diversity offices assistance developing diversity curriculum start programs share evidencebased data regarding importance supporting diversity faculty trainees understand discrimination based race gender national origin sexual orientation violates civil rights act 1964 subtle discrimination bias cannot tolerated according program mission policy faculty trainees also receive current evidence prevalence discrimination bias within field ct surgery highlight urgency action faculty receive education mitigating bias especially setting recruitment32erkmen cp kane l cooke dt bias mitigation cardiothoracic recruitment ann thorac surg available httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlespmc7368657 accessed july 28 2020google scholar also evaluation promotion trainees well faculty specified acgme common program requirements programs develop curriculum includes trainee faculty member experiencing witnessing discrimination academic institutions usually office equal employment opportunity guide individuals programs challenging events alternatively hospital systems may separate mechanism reporting offices human resources section divisional leadership regardless process reporting clear trainees faculty additionally everyone must understand retaliation ostracism result reporting discrimination bias unlawful education address microaggressions less egregious widespread harmful actions rooted bias ct surgery include belittling comments suggesting women minorities earn position ct surgery assuming women minorities ct fellows excluding women minorities discussions rounds social gatherings ignoring minimizing microaggressions supports structural bias stakeholders may come erroneous conclusion must tolerate microaggression part ct surgery culture therefore microaggressions must definitively acknowledged addressed create safer equitable environment additionally faculty trainees understand assess implicit biases tools like harvard implicit association test33take test available httpsimplicitharvardeduimplicittakeatesthtml accessed july 23 2020google scholar microaggressions implicit bias damaging academic culture overt discrimination ubiquitous likely tolerated34king e jones k subtle bias often worse blatant discrimination harvard business review available httpshbrorg201607whysubtlebiasissooftenworsethanblatantdiscrimination accessed may 22 2020google scholar program develop policy addressing microaggression implicit bias part educational curriculum mission goals policies developed support diversity regularly updated disseminated among faculty trainees staff5sustainability acgme newly highlighted diversity 2019 world events coronavirus disease 2019 national protests regarding racial injustice 2020 compelled introspection regarding structural racism although propose checklist promote di training program task checked forgotten di efforts must sustained integrated everyday practice achievement diversity goals whether relate recruitment mentoring education must assessed least annually revised based experience programs accomplishing diversity goals prompt needs assessmentrather doubling potentially misguided initiatives reevaluation occur ensure areas improvement targeted framing diversity initiatives positive light rather negative punitive language also key sustainability16pedulla diversity inclusion efforts really work harvard business reviewhttpshbrorg202005diversityandinclusioneffortsthatreallyworkgoogle scholar training programs sponsoring institutions must support compensate individuals demonstrating commitment diversity efforts finally faculty trainees look innovative opportunities within program nationally support diverse workforce inclusive environment limitations checklist acknowledge galvanizing commitment di easier said done recommendations cannot realistically applied without significant buyin levels including trainees faculty chiefs chairs important health system leadership second checklist address significant time financial resources necessary effective di program formation diversity task force implementation outreach inreach efforts require significant time even interested ct surgery faculty may able provide constraints candidly acknowledged ct surgery program develops realistic goals diversity finally recommendations listed represent consensus themes literature drawn numerous academic fields tailored needs individual ct surgery programs programs likely different levels adherence acgme requirement diverse inclusive workforce propose checklist starting point studies effective strategies among ct surgery training programs needed hopefully collaboration ct surgery training programs develop best practices implementing culture di dismantling structural racism addressing structural racism improving di positive impact physician wellbeing patient care diversity essential vitality growth ct surgery draw broader population attract best brightest work present goals checklist framework creation di policy within ct surgery program checklist guided themes establishing actionable goals organizational change longitudinal advocacy diversity literacy sustainability principles used template ct surgery programs seeking achieve diverse inclusive training environment
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https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000182
|
Catherine Limperopoulos|Gevorg Chilingaryan|Nancy Sullivan|Nicolas Guizard|Richard L. Robertson|Adré J. du Plessis
|
Injury to the Premature Cerebellum: Outcome is Related to Remote Cortical Development
| 2,012 |
Children's National|George Washington University|Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital|Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital|Boston Children's Museum|Children's National
|
cerebellar injury important complication preterm birth farreaching neuropsychiatric sequelae previously shown significant association isolated injury premature cerebellum subsequent impairment regional volumetric growth contralateral cerebrum current study examine relationship remote regional impairments cerebral volumetric growth domainspecific functional deficits children 40 expreterm infants isolated cerebellar injury performed neurodevelopmental evaluations quantitative magnetic resonance imaging mri studies mean age 34 months measured cortical gray matter volumes 8 parcellated regions cerebral hemisphere well right left cerebellar volumes show highly significant associations early signs autism dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume p 0001 gross motor scores sensorimotor cortical volumes p 0001 cognitive expressive language scores premotor midtemporal cortical volumes p 0001 multivariate analyses unit increase corresponding regional cerebral volume associated lower odds abnormal outcome score adjusted age mri contralateral cerebellar volume first report linking secondary impairment remote cerebral cortical growth functional disabilities survivors prematurityrelated cerebellar brain injury
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12229
|
Atanda Saliu Sambo|Abdulakeem Akoworada Imran|Mohammed Lawal Akanbi
|
Digital Literacy Skills Among Certified Librarians in Nigerian Libraries: Library Overview
| 2,022 |
Federal University of Petroleum Resource Effurun|Federal College of Education, Kano|University of Ilorin
|
certified librarians nigeria libraries must proactive come board adopt new intellectualizes digital literacy required ability individual must compulsorily possess three objectives types digital literacy skills acquires challenges faced certified librarians study employed social survey technique research questionnaire research instrument study carried using statistical package social sciences spss application software findings study show majority certified librarians digital literacy skills sponsor digital literacy training acquired digital literacy skills trial error among others certified librarians nigerian libraries redouble efforts ensuring future librarians scholars welltrained digitally uptodate order save professions future contribute much possible nigerias digital technology revival
|
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.720
|
Rakibul M. Islam|Robin J. Bell|Baki Billah|Mohammad Bellal Hossain|Susan R. Davis
|
Lack of Understanding of Cervical Cancer and Screening Is the Leading Barrier to Screening Uptake in Women at Midlife in Bangladesh: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
| 2,015 |
Monash University|University of Dhaka|Monash University|Monash University|University of Dhaka|Monash University
|
cervical cancer cca second common cancer among women bangladesh uptake cca screening less 10 areas screening offered investigated awareness cca cca screening factors associated womens preparedness screeneda nationally representative crosssectional survey women aged 3059 years conducted 7 districts 7 divisions bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling technique factors associated awareness cca screening uptake investigated separately using multivariable logistic regressionon systematic questioning 813 486 1590 participants whose mean age 423 80 years ever heard cca cca screening respectively heard cca associated living rural area adjusted odds ratio 042 95 confidence interval ci 026067 4049 years old 159 95 ci 11520 education 025 95 ci 016038 obese 204 95 ci 123336 773 women ever heard cca screening 86 reported screened symptoms 37 know screening needed 83 ever screened screened associated 4049 years old 217 95 ci 119394 employed outside home 383 95 ci 16589 inversely associated rural dwelling 054 95 ci 030098 education 029 95 ci 010085lack awareness cca understanding concept screening key barriers screening uptake women midlife bangladesh targeted educational health programs needed increase screening bangladesh view reducing mortality
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415603489
|
Venkatesh Chandrasekaran|Takkella Nagamma|Lena Ashok|Anjaneyulu Konuri
|
Effectiveness of audio-visual and print media intervention on knowledge of cervical health among rural women in Southern India
| 2,020 |
Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Melaka Manipal Medical College|Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Melaka Manipal Medical College|Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
|
cervical cancer health education programmes accessible rural women developing countriesour study aimed assessing health literacy cervical cancer amongst rural women udupi district southern india following intervention using audiovisual aidfacetoface interactive sessions versus pamphlets alonethis quasiexperimental study total 166 women participated study participant groups allocated two interventional experimentalcontrol groups participants experimental group received education video followed facetoface interaction health educator control group received pamphlet validated questionnaire used assess knowledge numerous risk factors pap smear test treatment cervical cancer pre postintervention test findings presented frequencies percentages paired responses compared individual questions using mcnemar test p 005 fixed statistically significantformer intervention 135 191 experimental control groups respectively felt personal hygiene important prevent cervical cancer groups limited knowledge regarding risk factors 936 94 symptoms 963 976 knowledge pap smears reduce risk cervical cancer 917 939 change knowledge preand postintervention groups increased significantlyintervention facetoface interactive sessions showed positive impact knowledge regarding cervical cancer findings indicate methods effective providing health education community
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020276
|
Silvina Arrossi|Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan|Donald Maxwell Parkin
|
Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Latin America
| 2,003 |
International Agency For Research On Cancer|International Agency For Research On Cancer|International Agency For Research On Cancer
|
cervical cancer incidence mortality estimates 2000 presented 21 latin american countries using estimates statistical package globocan 2000 additional data timetrends also presented using mortality database year 2000 76000 cervical cancer almost 30000 deaths estimated whole region represent 16 13 world burden respectively thus latin american countries among highest incidence rates world together countries subsaharan africa south south east asia variation incidence among countries large high rates found haiti asr 939 per 100000 nicaragua asr 611 per 100000 bolivia asr 581 per 100000 seems unlikely differences risks region explained result screening activities several descriptive studies carried evaluate screening programmes latin america pointed problems related insufficient coverage frequency screening related problems include inadequate collection reading cytological samplings well incomplete followup women test main challenge latin america countries remains organize effective screening programmes real urgent commitment public health services decisionmakers region needed paper available httpwwwinspmxsaludindexhtml
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00274.x
|
Hyacinth I. Hyacinth|Oluwatoyosi A. Adekeye|Joy Ngozi Ibeh|Tolu Osoba
|
Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Awareness and Utilization of Pap Smear Test among Federal Civil Servants in North Central Nigeria
| 2,012 |
Morehouse School of Medicine|University of Liverpool|Morehouse School of Medicine|University College Hospital, Ibadan|University of Liverpool
|
cervical cancer leading cause cancer death women developing countries key factor linked relatively high levels cervical cancer populations lack awareness access preventive methods study aimed determine level awareness cervical cancer papanicolaou test pap smear test factors associated utilization pap test among female civil servants jos data obtained female workers n 388 aged 1865 years nigerian federal establishment participants randomly approached instructed complete validated questionnaires data analyzed using chisquare ttests logistic regression analysis determine association variables identify predictors awareness utilization pap test cervical cancer pap smear test awareness 509 386 respectively media major source information pap smear test utilization rate 102 routine antenatal care anc major reason getting screened personal barriers screening include lack awareness belief cervical cancer preventable opportunistic screening mass media campaigns anc education suggested ways improving awareness utilization cervical cancer screening services
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01728.x
|
Abida Abudukadeer|Sumeyya Azam|Ayi Mutailipu|Qun Liu|Guibing Guo|Sayipujiamali Mijiti
|
Knowledge and attitude of Uyghur women in Xinjiang province of China related to the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer
| 2,015 |
First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University|Xinjiang Medical University|First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University|Xinjiang Medical University|First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University|Xinjiang Medical University|Xinjiang Medical University|First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University|Xinjiang Medical University|First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University|Xinjiang Medical University|First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
|
cervical cancer one commonest causes cancerrelated deaths worldwide prevalence rate cervical cancer uyghur women xinjiang autonomous region china remarkably higher ethnic groups living region study aimed assess knowledge level attitude cervical cancer issues among uyghur women xinjiang province china crosssectional interviewbased survey 5000 uyghur women developed 2013 2014 xinjiang autonomous region assess knowledge perception cervical cancer issues collection data based questionnaire items according questionnaire items collected data 5000 participants small proportion participants heard cervical cancer human papillomavirus hpv hpv vaccine 270 130 60 respectively according demographic characteristics women aged 31 40 years aware knowledge cervical cancer 329 hpv 178 hpv vaccine 91 women undergraduate higher educational level knowledge cervical cancer 300 hpv 210 hpv vaccine 97 study concluded uyghur women need information cervical cancer risk factors lack related knowledge cervical cancer may one important factors high incidence rate cervical cancer uyghur population order reduce incidence rate mortality cervical cancer uyghur women make extensive health education raise awareness cervical cancer hpv strongly needed prophylactic vaccination
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01186-4
|
Murithi Gatumo|Susan Gacheri|Ayman Fouad Sayed|Andrew Scheibe
|
Women’s knowledge and attitudes related to cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening in Isiolo and Tharaka Nithi counties, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
| 2,018 | null |
cervical cancer common cancer among women kenya however 3 women routinely screened study aimed assess womens knowledge attitudes towards cervical cancer cervical cancer screening kenyas isiolo tharaka nithi countiesa crosssectional survey conducted january march 2017 using multistage cluster sampling methodology 451 women 18 years age older participated study interviewers administered 35item questionnaire collecting demographic information knowledge risk factors attitudes towards cervical cancer cervical cancer screening bivariate multivariate analyses cervical cancer knowledge demographic characteristics conductedthe response rate study 98 451460 twothirds study participants originated tharaka nithi county n 318 respondents reported median age 32 705 married 350 primary education eighty percent participants aware cervical cancer 256 previously undergone cervical screening examination 444 aboveaverage knowledge risk factors cervical cancer knowledge cervical cancer risk factors significantly associated employment status adjusted odds ratio 16 95 ci 1026 county origin adjusted odds ratio 28 95 ci 1650 almost 892 heard cervical cancer categorised scary marginal significant difference overall attitude assessment score towards cervical cancer participants isiolo tharaka nithi counties mean sd score 213 034 220 030 respectively score comparatively higher among participants residing tharaka nithi 95 ci 00020146 p 0043interventions increase cervical cancer knowledge needed isiolo tharaka nithi counties kenya additional research needed understand assess effectiveness different strategies improve attitudes regarding cervical cancer order increase uptake screening services particularly among lesseducated women hardtoreach areas
|
https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015001158
|
Idris Auwal|Mariam Aminu|Akinfenwa Taoheed Atanda|J Tukur|F Sarkinfada
|
Prevalence and Risk Factors of High Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections among Women Attending Gynaecology Clinics in Kano, Northern Nigeria
| 2,014 |
Ahmadu Bello University|Bayero University Kano|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Bayero University Kano|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Bayero University Kano
|
cervical cancer common female cancer northern nigeria yet pattern infection human papillomavirus principal aetiologic agent unknownthis preliminary study conducted two referral hospitals order establish baseline data prevalence risk factors infection kano state nigeriafifty 50 randomly selected women aged 18 years recruited gynaecology clinics murtala muhammad specialist hospital aminu kano teaching hospitalrelevant sexual sociodemographic information obtained subject using questionnaireexfoliated cervical cells harvested processed using polymerase chain reaction identify dnas highrisk hpv types 16 18the prevalence rate hpv infection 76 3850 95 ci618869with 605 2338 coinfections hpv type 16 18 risk factors infection include low literacy level living rural settlements low parity early menarche 15 years age early onset first sexual intercourse 16 years age multiple sexual partnersthere however statistically significant association oral contraceptive usage acquisition infectionsfindings study suggest high prevalence hpv types 16 18 among women attending gynaecology clinic kano thus called elaborate community based study order establish magnitude problem wider perspective
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02580.x
|
Ang Tshering Sherpa|Gary M. Clifford|Salvatore Vaccarella|Sadhina Shrestha|Mari Nygård|Bijaya Karki|Peter J.F. Snijders|Chris J.L.M. Meijer|Silvia Franceschi
|
Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Nepal
| 2,009 |
KIST Medical College|International Agency For Research On Cancer|International Agency For Research On Cancer|B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital|Cancer Registry of Norway|KIST Medical College|Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam|Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam|International Agency For Research On Cancer
|
cervical cancer common malignancy among nepalese women rational prevention measures informed epidemiological data human papillomavirus hpv prevalencecervical specimens obtained 932 married women aged 1559 years general population bharatpur nepal well 61 locally diagnosed invasive cervical cancers icc hpv detected using gp56 pcrbased assayamong general population overall prevalence hpv 86 61 highrisk types prevalence abnormal pap smears 36 including five highgrade squamous intraepithelial lesions residence slum housing lower education level 3 sexual partners womans lifetime husbands extramarital affairs significantly associated hpv positivity hpv prevalence relatively constant across age groups hpv16 common type among general population 19 among 54 women hpvpositive icc 685 hpv18 222 45 56 also common iccnepal intermediate burden hpv infection lower many areas india china approximately 80 cervical cancer nepal theoretically preventable hpv1618 vaccines meantime screenandtreat approaches encouraged overcome difficulties encountered recall women screeningpositive findings
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089900
|
Rebecca J. Haworth|Ruth Margalit|Christine Ross|Tikka Nepal|Amr S. Soliman
|
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices for Cervical Cancer Screening Among the Bhutanese Refugee Community in Omaha, Nebraska
| 2,014 |
University of Nebraska Medical Center|University of Nebraska Medical Center|University of Nebraska Medical Center|University of Nebraska Medical Center
|
cervical cancer second common cause cancer mortality among women vast majority patients developing countries bhutanese refugees united states south central asia 4th leading region world cervical cancer incidence past years bhutanese refugees increased significantly nebraska study evaluates current knowledge cervical cancer screening practices among bhutanese refugee women omaha nebraska study aimed investigate cervical cancer screening knowledge perceptions susceptibility severity cervical cancer perceived benefits barriers screening selfadministered questionnaires focus groups based health belief model conducted among 42 healthy women bhutanese refugee community omaha study revealed significant lack knowledge community regarding cervical cancer screening practices 222 reporting ever hearing pap test 139 reporting ever one 333 women agreement perceived susceptibility cervical cancer women reported ever hearing pap test tended believe strongly curability disease discovered early women never heard test 714 vs 450 two groups respectively refugee populations united states need tailored cancer education programs especially resettled countries high risk cancer
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30051-3
|
Sarah C. Markt|Tianyu Tang|Angel M. Cronin|Ingrid T. Katz|Brooke E. Howitt|Neil S. Horowitz|Larissa J. Lee|Alexi A. Wright
|
Insurance status and cancer treatment mediate the association between race/ethnicity and cervical cancer survival
| 2,018 |
Harvard University|Harvard University|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Harvard University|Center for Global Health|Massachusetts General Hospital|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Harvard University|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Brigham and Women's Hospital
|
cervical cancer outcomes remain poor among disadvantaged populations including ethnic minorities lowincome underinsured women aim study evaluate mechanisms underlie observed association raceethnicity cervical cancer survival identified 13698 women ages 21 64 years diagnosed stages iiii primary cervical cancer 20072013 surveillance epidemiology end results seer multivariable cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated associations raceethnicity nonhispanic white nonhispanic black hispanic cervical cancerspecific mortality conducted mediation analysis calculate mediation proportion 95 confidence interval nonhispanic black women increased risk cervical cancerspecific mortality hr 123 95 ci 108139 hispanic women decreased risk dying disease hr 082 95 ci 072093 compared nonhispanic white estimated proportion excess cervical cancer mortality nonhispanic black women relative nonhispanic white women mediated insurance 186 treatment 472 furthermore nonhispanic black women likely receive radiation less likely receive surgery earlystage disease populationbased study found excess cervical cancerspecific mortality nonhispanic black women mediated factors insurance status treatment findings suggest enhancing existing insurance coverage ensuring equal adequate treatment women may key strategy improving cervical cancer outcomes
|
https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2007.2.1.13
|
Hee Yun Lee|Joseph S. Koopmeiners|Taeho Greg Rhee|Victoria H. Raveis|Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
|
Mobile Phone Text Messaging Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening: Changes in Knowledge and Behavior Pre-Post Intervention
| 2,014 |
University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota|Twin Cities Orthopedics|University of Minnesota|New York University|University of Minnesota
|
cervical cancer poses significant threat korean american women reported one highest cervical cancer mortality rates united states studies consistently report korean american women lowest pap test screening rates across us ethnic groupsin response need enhance cervical cancer screening vulnerable population developed tested 7day mobile phone text messagebased cervical cancer screening mscreening intervention designed promote receipt pap tests young korean american womenwe developed assessed acceptability feasibility 1week mscreening intervention increase knowledge cervical cancer screening intent receive screening receipt pap test foggs behavior model conceptual framework guided development mscreening intervention series focus groups conducted inform development intervention messages individually tailored participant delivered 7day period participants preferred time quasiexperimental research design 30 korean american women aged 21 29 years utilized baseline post 1 week completion mscreening followup 3 months completion mscreening testingfindings revealed significant increase participants knowledge cervical cancer p001 guidelines cervical cancer screening p006 total 23 730 95 ci 99423 mscreening participants received pap test 83 2530 participants expressed satisfaction intervention 97 2930 reported would recommend program friends indicating excellent acceptability feasibility interventionthis study provides evidence effectiveness feasibility mscreening intervention mobile technology promising tool increase knowledge receipt cervical cancer screening given widespread usage mobile phones among young adults mobile phonebased health intervention could lowcost effective method reaching populations low cervical cancer screening rates using individually tailored messages cover broad content areas overcome restrictions place time delivery
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgac048
|
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