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Alain Findeli | Rethinking Design Education for the 21st Century: Theoretical, Methodological, and Ethical Discussion | 2,001 | null | new worldview even cursory look recent literature production design would sufficient reach conclusion general landscape safe quiet serene therefore really original claim period necessary change design education practice research although reasons invoked support diagnosis may vary considerably generally considered reside within field design instance hugues boekraad joost smiers mention disturbing effect product engineering marketing design visual main issue addressed currently problem without doubt central concern today considered symptom wider issue professions also confronted engineering medicine education social work law etc foundations contemporary practical philosophy crisis words one bound conclude reasons current situation design found mainly outside field design explains wideand extend quite ambitious pretentiousscope essay think necessary dwell long diagnosis current situation let say tend agree idea paradigm shift although dont necessary share analyses reports made quite controversial topic current paradigm mean shared beliefs according educational political technological scientific legal social systems function without beliefs ever questioned discussed even explicitated paradigm may beand indeed beencharacterized various ways part retain following main characteristics materialistic underlying metaphysics positivistic methods inquiry agnosticist dualistic worldview reason disciplines design would escape influence general framework indeed drifts one witnessing today design attributed one h boekraad j smiers academy european joumal arts education 11 1 nov 98 6065 text actually manifesto calling foundation new academy arts design manifesto launched working paper european league institutes arts elia | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-016-0138-y |
Miriam Brazzelli|Erminio Capitani|Sergio Della Sala|Hans Spinnler|Marta Zuffi | A neuropsychological instrument adding to the description of patients with suspected cortical dementia: the Milan overall dementia assessment. | 1,994 | Ospedale San Paolo|University of Milan|University of Aberdeen|Ospedale San Paolo|Ospedale San Paolo|University of Milan|University of Aberdeen|Ospedale San Paolo|Ospedale San Paolo|University of Milan|University of Aberdeen|Ospedale San Paolo|Ospedale San Paolo|University of Milan|University of Aberdeen|Ospedale San Paolo|Ospedale San Paolo|University of Milan|University of Aberdeen|Ospedale San Paolo | new short neuropsychologically oriented test dementia assessmentthe milan overall dementia assessment modais described age education adjusted norms based 217 healthy controls given validation study 312 outpatients suspected dementia 121 probable alzheimers disease showed moda differentiated patients cognitive impairment normal subjects effectively dsm iiir correlation moda mini mental state examination 063 controls 084 patients alzheimers dementia moda testretest reliability 083 test proved well suited longitudinal studies | https://doi.org/10.30870/gravity.v6i1.6365 |
Philip Crilly|Wasim Hassanali|Gary Khanna|Kiranjit Matharu|Deep Patel|Disha Patel|Fahmida Rahman|Reem Kayyali | Community pharmacist perceptions of their role and the use of social media and mobile health applications as tools in public health | 2,019 | Kingston University|Kingston University|Kingston University|Kingston University|Kingston University|Kingston University|Kingston University|Kingston University | number barriers prevent community pharmacists cps impacting public health ph outcomes social media sm mobile health apps mh apps may offer ways help public make positive health decisions evaluate cp perceptions role ph use sm mh apps regard mixed method study using crosssectional survey followup interviews survey covered cps role ph cp use sm cp use mh apps nonidentifiable demographic information following ethical approval piloting responses collected paper online study population cps greater london uk n 2931 minimum sample size 340 calculated 95 confidence interval5 margin error achieve 596 surveys distributed responses n 257 analysed using descriptive statistics twentyfive respondents willing take part followup onetoone interviews twenty interviews completed data saturation achieved 14th interviews transcribed analysed using framework methodology described ritchie spencer 1994 survey response rate 43 respondents represented english cps terms age males nonwhites overrepresented majority cps accessed sm mh apps personal use recommend professional capacity due lack awareness confidentialityliability concerns would promote sm health page 786 mh app 837 maintained healthcare professionals hcps 35s positive tools ph two interview themes emerged role cps ph concerns opportunities use technology ph cps particularly 30 positive use sm mh apps ph training use tools among pharmacy team awareness availability evidencebased apps ensure wider adoption | https://doi.org/10.1159/000080090 |
Emma Foster|J. N. S. Matthews|John W. Lloyd|Lucy Marshall|John C. Mathers|M. Nelson|Karen Barton|W. L. Wrieden|Piers L. Cornelissen|Julie M. Harris|Ashley J. Adamson | Children's estimates of food portion size: the development and evaluation of three portion size assessment tools for use with children | 2,007 | Newcastle University|Newcastle University|Newcastle University|Newcastle University|Newcastle University|King's College London|University of Dundee|University of Dundee|Newcastle University|University of St Andrews|Newcastle University | number methods developed assist subjects providing estimate portion size application improving portion size estimation children investigated systematically aim develop portion size assessment tools use children assess accuracy childrens estimates portion size using tools tools food photographs food models interactive portion size assessment system ipsas children n 201 aged 416 years supplied known quantities food eat school food leftovers weighed children estimated amount food using tool 24 h consuming food agespecific portion sizes represented based portion sizes consumed children national survey significant differences found accuracy estimates using three tools children ages performed well using ipsas food photographs accuracy precision estimates made using food models poor tools estimates amount food served accurate estimates amount consumed issues relating reporting foods left impact estimates amounts foods actually consumed require study ipsas shown potential assessment dietary intake children practical application assessment dietary intake children tool would need expanded cover wider range foods validated reallife situation | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.01.002 |
Charles F. Hohm | Social security and fertility: An international perspective | 1,975 | San Diego State University | number population scholars asserted social security programs oldage programs lead decreased fertility levels parents need rely children security old age however paucity empirical data paper analyzes 67 countries shows social security programs measurable negative effect subsequent levels fertility fact social security programs appear much independent impact fertility traditional correlates fertility infant mortality education per capita income | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-017-0051-9 |
Pipit Rosita Andarsari|Mega Noerman Ningtyas | The Role of Financial Literacy on Financial Behavior | 2,019 | Universitas Patria Artha|Universitas Patria Artha | number previous empirical studies found financially speaking literate people tends budgeting saving controlling expenses managing debt well participating stock market planning pension fund etc words higher individuals knowledge understanding financial concept likely behave financially well daily life financial literacy needed everyone including womenpreneur able manage personal finance also manage business finance financially literate people likely get access external funding develop business research aims examine role played financial literacy financial behavior womenpreneur malang financial literacy measured using 11 questions modified lusardi amp mitchell 2011 financial behavior measured using 8 questions taken infe sample 95 respondents female owners micro small medium enterprises malang data collected using questionnaire used partial least square smart pls 3 examine variables first bootstrapping process drop invalid indicators perform second bootstrapping result showed remaining indicators valid financial literacy found positive significant influence financial behavior | https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616643070 |
Ala Szczepura|Charlotte Price|Anil Gumber | Breast and bowel cancer screening uptake patterns over 15 years for UK south Asian ethnic minority populations, corrected for differences in socio-demographic characteristics | 2,008 | University of Warwick|University of Warwick|University of Warwick | number studies reported low uptake cancer screening programmes south asian populations uk however studies date adjusted findings differences demographics socioeconomic status populations subjects residents coventry warwickshire uk eligible screening uptakes compared round 1 200002 round 2 200305 national bowel cancer screening pilot rounds 1 2 5 established nhs breast cancer screening programme commenced 1989 data bowel screening data analysed 123367 invitees round 1 116773 round 2 total 240140 cases breast screening data analysed 61934 62829 86749 invitees rounds 1 2 5 respectively total 211512 cases analysis screening uptake compared two broad metacategories south asian nonasian five asian subgroups hindugujarati hinduother muslim sikh south asian univariate multivariate analyses examined screening uptake various demographic attributes invitees including age gender deprivation ethnic group south asians demonstrated significantly lower p 0001 unadjusted bowel screening uptake 328 vs 613 nonasians round 1 rates particularly low muslim subgroup 261 round 1 215 round 2 breast screening smaller difference observed south asians nonasians initially 608 vs 754 round 1 later 668 vs 777 round 5 thus disparity reduced gradually time alongside overall trend increased uptake however figures remained consistently low muslims 51 rounds 1 5 adjusting age deprivation gender bowel screening uptake remained significantly lower south asian subgroups similar adjustments breast screening uptake remained lower subgroups except hindugujaratis muslims registered asian vs nonasian gp bowel screening uptake significantly lower p 0001 however breast screening uptake muslims asian vs nonasian gp showed difference p 012 period colonoscopy breast assessment uptakes similar metacategories asian response time appeared slower colonoscopy percentage abnormal fobt results significantly higher south asian invitees slight increase abnormal mammograms observed muslims time 27 42 rounds 1 5 respectively lower cancer screening uptakes observed south asian population cannot attributed socioeconomic age gender population differences although breast screening disparities reduced time significant differences remain conclude programmes need implement assess interventions reduce differences | https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3941s |
Chenglin Lou|Xiting Duan|Irène Altarelli|John A. Sweeney|Franck Ramus|Jingjing Zhao | White matter network connectivity deficits in developmental dyslexia | 2,018 | Shaanxi Normal University|Shaanxi Normal University|École Normale Supérieure - PSL|School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences|French National Centre for Scientific Research|Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique|University of Geneva|University of Cincinnati|École Normale Supérieure - PSL|School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences|French National Centre for Scientific Research|Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique|Shaanxi Normal University | number studies shown abnormal connectivity certain white matter pathways developmental dyslexia well correlations white matter pathways behavioral deficits however whether developmental dyslexia presents broader white matter network connectivity disruption currently unknown present study reconstructed white matter networks 26 dyslexic children 1161 131 years 31 agematched controls 1149 136 years using constrained spherical deconvolution tractography networkbased statistics nbs analysis performed identify network connectivity deficits dyslexic individuals network topological features measured based graph theory examine whether parameters correlate literacy skills whether explain additional variance previously established white matter connectivity abnormalities dyslexic children nbs analysis identified network connecting leftoccipitaltemporal cortex temporoparietal cortex decreased streamlines dyslexic children four network topological parameters clustering coefficient local efficiency transitivity global efficiency positively correlated literacy skills dyslexic children explained substantial proportion additional variance literacy skills beyond connectivity measures white matter pathways study first time reports disconnection local subnetwork left hemisphere dyslexia shows global white matter network topological properties contribute reduced literacy skills dyslexic children | https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/ent050 |
Robin Green|Nanette Santoro | Menopausal Symptoms and Ethnicity: The Study of Women's Health across the Nation | 2,009 | Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Albert Einstein College of Medicine | number studies suggested ethnic background influences womans perception symptoms study womens health across nation swan multiethnic longitudinal cohort study us women includes nonhispanic caucasian africanamerican chinese japanese hispanic women initial strategy sevensite study involved communitybased recruitment nonhispanic caucasians site plus one minority ethnic group since ethnicity varies many factors measures education acculturation social status psychological wellbeing financial strain taken account interpreting symptom onset frequency severity common menopausal symptoms biological physical measures also assessed related symptoms symptoms varied ethnicity vasomotor symptoms prevalent africanamerican hispanic women also common women greater bmi challenging widely held belief obesity protective vasomotor symptoms vaginal dryness present 3040 swan participants baseline prevalent hispanic women among hispanic women symptoms varied country origin acculturation appears play complex role menopausal symptomatology conclude ethnicity taken account interpreting menopausal symptom presentation women | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205855 |
Simon Tatala|Ulf Svanberg|Benedicta Mduma | Low dietary iron availability is a major cause of anemia: a nutrition survey in the Lindi District of Tanzania | 1,998 | Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center|Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center|Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center | nutrition survey conducted rural lindi district tanzania determine magnitude anemia iron deficiency different age sex groups related nutritional status parasitic infections food iron intake socioeconomic factors 30cluster sampling design 660 households randomly selected total 2320 subjects aged 6 mo 65 examined iron status assessed measuring hemoglobin erythrocyte protoporphyrin fingerprick sample 55 subjects anemia 61 anemia associated iron deficiency erythrocyte protoporphyrin 125 micromolmol heme preschool children aged 5 affected 84 anemic hemoglobin 110 gl fifty percent nonanemic preschool children approximately 90 severely anemic subjects iron deficient hemoglobin lower schoolchildren aged 514 adolescent adult males aged 15 low body mass index parasitic infections associated anemia iron deficiency schoolchildren adolescent adult males malaria associated anemia p 0001 whereas schistosomiasis associated anemia iron deficiency p 0001 p 005 respectively hookworm infestation associated iron deficiency p 005 anemia p 001 adolescents adults mainly cerealbased diet additional legumes green vegetables found vitro tests contain high amounts total iron low bioavailability estimation amount iron absorbed confirmed inadequate iron nutrition although anemia result synergism variety causes iron deficiency remains major cause | https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.887512 |
Shui?fong Lam|Kamfung Chow-Yeung|Bernard P. Wong|Kwok Kiu Lau|Shuk In Tse | Involving parents in paired reading with preschoolers: Results from a randomized controlled trial | 2,013 | University of Hong Kong|Hong Kong Island Women's Association|Hong Kong Shue Yan University|Hong Kong Island Women's Association|Hong Kong Island Women's Association | paired reading program implemented 195 hong kong preschoolers mean age 47 years parents families wide range family income preschoolers randomly assigned experimental waitlist control groups parents experimental group received 12 sessions schoolbased training paired reading 7 weeks required paired reading children least four times 7 weeks end program preschoolers experimental group better performance word recognition reading fluency counterparts control group also reported competent motivated reading parents importantly program many favorable effects parents parents experimental group higher selfefficacy helping children better readers learners also reported better relationships children changes relationships selfefficacy found mediate program impact child outcomes however family income moderate effectiveness program families high low income benefited program alike | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00002 |
Beate Jahn|Sarah Friedrich|Joachim Behnke|Joachim Engel|Ursula Garczarek|Ralf Münnich|Markus Pauly|Adalbert Wilhelm|Olaf Wolkenhauer|Markus Zwick|Uwe Siebert|Tim Friede | On the role of data, statistics and decisions in a pandemic | 2,022 | Universitätsmedizin Göttingen|Zeppelin Universität gemeinnützige GmbH|Ludwigsburg University of Education|Cytel (United States)|Universität Trier|TU Dortmund University|Constructor University|University of Rostock|Goethe University Frankfurt|Harvard University|Massachusetts General Hospital|Universitätsmedizin Göttingen | pandemic poses particular challenges decisionmaking need continuously adapt decisions rapidly changing evidence available data example countermeasures appropriate particular stage pandemic severity pandemic measured effect vaccination population groups vaccinated first process decisionmaking starts data collection modeling continues dissemination results subsequent decisions taken goal paper give overview process provide recommendations different steps statistical perspective particular discuss range modeling techniques including mathematical statistical decisionanalytic models along applications covid19 context overview aim foster understanding goals modeling approaches specific data requirements essential interpretation results successful interdisciplinary collaborations special focus role played data different models incorporate discussion importance statistical literacy effective dissemination communication findings | https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001272 |
Patricia M. Davidson|Michelle DiGiacomo|Penelope Abbott|R Zecchin|Patricia Heal|Lynette Mieni|Noella Sheerin|Janice Smith|Andy Mark|Brenda Bradbery|Joyce Davison | A partnership model in the development and implementation of a collaborative, cardiovascular education program for Aboriginal Health Workers | 2,008 | Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University|University of Technology Sydney|Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales|Tharawal Aboriginal|Nepean Hospital|Sydney South West Area Health Service|National Heart Foundation of Australia|Curtin University | partnership model established among key education providers policy makers nongovernment organisations local area health service aboriginal community controlled organisations aimed increasing collaboration skill development cultural competence increasing access mentorship expertise aboriginal health workers ahws group 21 ahws within two cohorts undertook program october 2005 june 2006 mixedmethod evaluation using quantitative qualitative data collection methods undertaken prospectively knowledge confidence scores significantly increased participants course duration student evaluation demonstrated desire groupbased activities high value placed clinical visits feedback outcome process measures inform course delivery design | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.307 |
Sofie Jandorf|Marie Krogh Nielsen|Kristine Sørensen|Torben Lykke Sørensen | Low health literacy levels in patients with chronic retinal disease | 2,019 | Zealand University Hospital|Zealand University Hospital|Global Health Literacy Academy|University of Copenhagen | patients health literacy fundamental navigating health system managing disease study aimed compare health literacy levels patients chronic retinal disease denmarkthis crosssectional questionnaire study used validated hlseuq16 questionnaire determine health literacy 225 patients agerelated macular degeneration amd diabetic macular edema dme retinal vein occlusion rvo receiving intravitreal treatment retinal clinic zealand university hospital denmark patients consecutively included participants study patients option survey read aloud themhealth literacy levels patient groups differ significantly however proportion patients poor health literacy high65 amd patients 73 dme patients 63 patients rvolow health literacy patients retinal disease signify need health literacy research field retinal diseases secure patients timely appropriate knowledge competencies manage condition | https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710003400402 |
Daniel Kasper|Ali Ünlü | On the Relevance of Assumptions Associated with Classical Factor Analytic Approaches† | 2,013 | Technical University of Munich|Dominion (United States)|Old Dominion University|Concordia University|Technical University of Munich|Dominion (United States)|Old Dominion University|Concordia University | personal trait example persons cognitive ability represents theoretical concept postulated explain behaviorinteresting constructs latent cannot observedlatent variable modeling constitutes methodology deal hypothetical constructsconstructs modeled random variables become components statistical modelas random variables possess probability distribution population referencein applications distribution typically assumed normal distributionthe normality assumption may reasonable many cases situations cannot justifiedfor example true criterionreferenced tests background characteristics students large scale assessment studiesnevertheless normal procedures combination classical factor analytic methods frequently pursued despite effects violating implicit assumption clear generalin simulation study investigate whether classical factor analytic approaches instrumental estimating factorial structure properties population distribution latent personal trait educational test data violations classical assumptions aforementioned presentthe results indicate latent nonnormal distribution clearly affects estimation distribution factor scores properties thereofthus population distribution personal trait assumed nonsymmetric recommend avoiding factor analytic approaches estimation persons factor score even though number extracted factors estimated loading matrix may strongly affectedan application progress international reading literacy study pirls givencomments possible implications programme international student assessment pisa complete presentation | https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp130589 |
Eddy Cavalli|Lynne G. Duncan|Carsten Elbro|Abdessadek El Ahmadi|Pascale Colé | Phonemic—Morphemic dissociation in university students with dyslexia: an index of reading compensation? | 2,016 | French National Centre for Scientific Research|Aix-Marseille University|University of Dundee|University of Copenhagen|French National Centre for Scientific Research|Aix-Marseille University|French National Centre for Scientific Research|Aix-Marseille University | phonological deficit constitutes primary cause developmental dyslexia persists adulthood explain aspects reading impairment nevertheless dyslexic adults successfully manage study university level although little currently known achieve present study investigated individual group levels whether development another oral language skill namely morphological knowledge preserved dissociated development phonological knowledge reading phonological morphological abilities measured 20 dyslexic 20 nondyslexic university students results confirmed persistence deficits phonological morphological abilities thereby revealing dissociation development two skills moreover magnitude dissociation correlated reading level outcome supports claim university students dyslexia may compensate phonological weaknesses drawing morphological knowledge reading | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074278 |
Syamsul Bahri|Mitra Rahayu|Desy Kumala Sari|Merta Simbolon | Analysis of information and communication technology literacy capabilities to the high school physics teacher in Merauke | 2,020 | Musamus Merauke University|Musamus Merauke University|Musamus Merauke University|Musamus Merauke University | physics teacher needs information communication technology ict literacy skills teaching learning classroom study aims analyze ict literacy skills high school physics teachers merauke city type research descriptive quantitative research respondents involved study 19 high school physics teachers merauke city merauke district instrument used collect data ict literacy ability questionnaire developed researchers totaling 40 statements research data processed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques determining percentage respondents responses analysis showed average rate ict literacy skills high school physics teachers 87 means general ict literacy skills high school physics teachers merauke city excellent category | https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1991.105 |
Mandaville Gourie?Devi|G Gururaj|Parthasarathy Satishchandra|Subbakrishna Dk | Prevalence of Neurological Disorders in Bangalore, India: A Community-Based Study with a Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas | 2,004 | National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences | populationbased neuroepidemiological survey 102557 individuals urban rural bangalore southern india conducted determine prevalence pattern neurological disorders study population included subjects urban 51502 rural 51055 areas identified twostage stratified random sampling method trained social workers administered screening questionnaire tested validated earlier pilot study neurologist examined individuals screened positive adults children lt15 years elderly adults gt60 years constituted 61 34 5 study group respectively distinct difference education occupation income levels urban rural areas parameters lower rural population surveyed population 3206 individuals neurological disorders detected resulting crude ageadjusted prevalence rates 3126 3355 per 100000 population respectively prevalence rate among children middleaged 3140 years elderly adults 2653 3932 5012 per 100000 population respectively prevalence neurological disorders among women 3617 higher compared men 2657 prevalence rate urban rural populations 2190 4070100000 respectively implying neurological disorders twice frequent rural areas urban areas prevalence rates per 100000 population frequent disorders descending order frequency headache 1119 epilepsy 883 febrile convulsions 330 cerebrovascular disorder 150 mental retardation 142 largescale populationbased survey provides data crucial developing hospital communitybased neurological services india developing countries | https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20218 |
Elena Pikulina|Luc Renneboog|Philippe N. Tobler | Overconfidence and investment: An experimental approach | 2,017 | University of British Columbia|Tilburg University|University of Zurich | positive relation overconfidence investment provision theoretically justified practically assumed literature thoroughly investigated test confirm positive relation direct measures overconfidence ones financial knowledge choice investment precisely strong overconfidence results excess investment underconfidence induces underinvestment whereas moderate overconfidence leads accurate investments experimental results based different subject pools financial professionals students different media computer paper webbased degree ones overestimation ones individual financial knowledge relative ones actual knowledge well relative knowledge peers explains investment decisions better ones actual knowledge relation overconfidence investment robust degree individual risk aversion riskiness investment projects changes incentives structure | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39359.525174.ad |
Frank Goldhammer|Thomas Martens|Oliver Lüdtke | Conditioning factors of test-taking engagement in PIAAC: an exploratory IRT modelling approach considering person and item characteristics | 2,017 | DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education|MSH Medical School Hamburg – University of Applied Sciences and Medical University|Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education | potential problem lowstakes largescale assessments programme international assessment adult competencies piaac low testtaking engagement present study pursued two goals order better understand conditioning factors testtaking disengagement first modelbased approach used investigate whether item indicators disengagement constitute continuous latent person variable domain second effects person item characteristics jointly tested using explanatory item response models analyses based canadian sample round 1 piaac n 26683 participants completing test items domains literacy numeracy problem solving binary item disengagement indicators created means item response time thresholds results showed disengagement indicators define latent dimension domain disengagement increased lower educational attainment lower cognitive skills test language participants native language gender exert effect disengagement age positive effect problem solving items location second two assessment modules positively related disengagement item difficulty latter effect negatively moderated cognitive skill suggesting poor testtakers especially likely disengage difficult items negative effect cognitive skill positive effect item difficulty negative interaction effect support assumption disengagement outcome individual expectations success informed disengagement | https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1529447 |
Daniel W. Belsky|Terrie E. Moffitt|David L. Corcoran|Benjamin W. Domingue|HonaLee Harrington|Sean Hogan|Renate Houts|Sandhya Ramrakha|Karen Sugden|Benjamin Williams|Richie Poulton|Avshalom Caspi | The Genetics of Success | 2,016 | Duke University|Social Science Research Council|Duke University|Center for Genomic Science|King's College London|Center for Genomic Science|Duke University|Stanford University|Duke University|University of Otago|Duke University|University of Otago|Duke University|Duke University|University of Otago|Duke University|Center for Genomic Science|King's College London | previous genomewide association study gwas 100000 individuals identified moleculargenetic predictors educational attainment undertook indepth lifecourse investigation polygenic score derived gwas using fourdecade dunedin study n 918 five main findings first polygenic scores predicted adult economic outcomes even accounting educational attainments second genes environments correlated children higher polygenic scores born betteroff homes third childrens polygenic scores predicted adult outcomes even analyses accounted socialclass origins socialmobility analysis showed children higher polygenic scores upwardly mobile children lower scores fourth polygenic scores predicted behavior across life course early acquisition speech reading skills geographic mobility mate choice financial planning retirement fifth polygenicscore associations mediated psychological characteristics including intelligence selfcontrol interpersonal skill effect sizes small factors connecting dna sequence life outcomes may provide targets interventions promote populationwide positive development | https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718786316 |
Charlotte G. Neumann|Nimrod O. Bwibo|Suzanne P. Murphy|Marian Sigman|Shannon E. Whaley|Lindsay H. Allen|Donald Guthrie|Robert E. Weiss|Montague W. Demment | Animal Source Foods Improve Dietary Quality, Micronutrient Status, Growth and Cognitive Function in Kenyan School Children: Background, Study Design and Baseline Findings | 2,003 | Los Angeles County Department of Public Health|University of California, Los Angeles|University of Nairobi|Cancer Research Center|University of Hawai?i at M?noa|University of Hawaii System|University of California, Los Angeles|Neuropsychiatric Research Institute|Neuropsychiatric Research Institute|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Davis|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Davis | previous longitudinal threecountry study egypt kenya mexico found significant positive associations intake animal source foods asf growth cognitive development physical activity test causal relationship controlled school feeding intervention study designed test hypotheses asf would improve micronutrient status growth cognitive function kenyan primary school children twelve rural kenyan schools 554 children randomized four feeding interventions using local vegetable stew vehicle groups designated meat milk energy control received feedings feeding carried school days seven terms 21 mo preintervention baseline measures included nutritional status home food intake anthropometry biochemical measures micronutrient status malaria intestinal parasites health status cognitive behavioral measures measurements child repeated intervals 2 baseline data revealed stunting underweight approximately 30 children widespread inadequate intakes andor biochemical evidence micronutrient deficiencies particularly iron zinc vitamins b12 riboflavin calcium little asf eaten fat intake low malaria present 31 children hookworm amebiasis giardia widely prevalent outcomes measured rates change increase intervention cognitive function growth physical activity behavior micronutrient status hierarchical linear random effects modeling used analysis outcomes | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-019-0070-9 |
Judith L. Mounty|C. T. Pucci|Kim Harmon | How Deaf American Sign Language/English Bilingual Children Become Proficient Readers: An Emic Perspective | 2,013 | Gallaudet University|Gallaudet University|Gallaudet University | primary tenet underlying american sign languageenglish bilingual education deaf students early access visual language developed conjunction language planning principles provides foundation literacy english goal study obtain emic perspective bilingual deaf readers transitioning learning read reading learn analysis 12 interactive semistructured interviews identified informal formal teaching learning practices aslenglish bilingual homes classrooms practices value reinforce support bidirectional acquisition languages provide strong foundation literacy | https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21188 |
Daswin De Silva|Weranja Ranasinghe|Tharindu Bandaragoda|Achini Adikari|Nishan Mills|Lahiru Iddamalgoda|Damminda Alahakoon|Nathan Lawrentschuk|Raj Persad|Evgeny Osipov|Richard Gray|Damien Bolton | Machine learning to support social media empowered patients in cancer care and cancer treatment decisions | 2,018 | La Trobe University|Austin Hospital|La Trobe University|La Trobe University|La Trobe University|La Trobe University|La Trobe University|La Trobe University|Austin Hospital|North Bristol NHS Trust|Luleå University of Technology|La Trobe University|Austin Hospital | primary variant social media online support groups osg extend beyond standard definition incorporate dimension advice support guidance patients osg complementary yet significant adjunct patient journeys machine learning natural language processing techniques applied large volumes unstructured text discussions accumulated osg intelligent extraction patientreported demographics behaviours decisions treatment side effects expressions emotions new insights fusion synthesis diverse patientreported information expressed throughout patient journey diagnosis treatment recovery contribute towards informed decisionmaking personalized healthcare delivery development healthcare policy guidelineswe designed developed artificial intelligence based analytics framework using machine learning natural language processing techniques intelligent analysis automated aggregation patient information interaction trajectories online support groups alongside social interactions aspect patient behaviours decisions demographics clinical factors emotions subsequently expressed time extracted analysed specifically utilised platform investigate impact online social influences intimate decision scenario selecting treatment type recovery treatment side effects emotions expressed time using prostate cancer model results manifest three major decisionmaking behaviours among patients paternalistic group autonomous group shared group furthermore group demonstrated diverse behaviours postdecision discussions clinical outcomes advice expressions emotion twelve months following treatment time transition patients information emotional support seeking behaviours providers information emotional support patients also observedfindings study rigorous indication expectations social media empowered patients potential individualised decisionmaking clinical emotional needs increasing popularity osg confirms timely clinicians consider patient voices expressed osg successfully demonstrated proposed platform utilised investigate analyse derive actionable insights patientreported information prostate cancer support patient focused healthcare delivery platform extended applied effectively medical condition | https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-12-10 |
Joseph V. Carcello|Carl W. Hollingsworth|April Klein|Terry L. Neal | Audit Committee Financial Expertise, Competing Corporate Governance Mechanisms, and Earnings Management | 2,006 | University of Tennessee at Knoxville|Clemson University|New York University|University of Tennessee at Knoxville | prime objective sarbanesoxley act recent changes stock exchange listing standards improve quality financial reporting examine associations audit committee financial expertise alternate corporate governance mechanisms earnings management find accounting certain types nonaccounting financial expertise reduce earnings management firms weak alternate corporate governance mechanisms independent audit committee members financial expertise effective mitigating earnings management importantly find alternate corporate governance mechanisms effective substitute audit committee financial expertise constraining earnings management finally find either association positive association financial expertise real earnings management results suggest alternate governance approaches equally effective improving quality financial reporting firms flexibility design particular set governance mechanisms best fit unique situations | https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000612467813 |
Joanne Riebschleger|Shane Costello|Daniel L. Cavanaugh|Christine Grové | Mental Health Literacy of Youth That Have a Family Member With a Mental Illness: Outcomes From a New Program and Scale | 2,019 | Michigan State University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Monash University|Michigan State University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Monash University | program evaluation examined mental health literacy levels coping outcomes youth ages 1016 end participation manualized schoolbased mental health literacy program called youth education support yes youth reportedly parent family member mental health disorder depression anxiety andor substance abuse mental health literacy levels program participants pre post evaluated developing knowledge mental illness recovery kmir scale scale validated using itemresponse theory demonstrating good psychometric properties youth answered two coping questions use positive coping program coping skills compared pre post intervention findings revealed youth levels mental health literacy increased significantly pre post program participation 90 youth reported improved use positive coping strategies pre post intervention program appeared deliver enhanced levels literacy coping sample youth scale appeared appropriate measure youth mental health literacy recommendations practice policy research offered | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007414 |
Stephen Kearing|Susan Z. Berg|Jon D. Lurie | Can Decision Support Help Patients With Spinal Stenosis Make a Treatment Choice? | 2,016 | Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center|Health Decisions (United States)|Health Decisions (United States)|Health Decisions (United States) | prospective randomized study patients lumbar spinal stenosis received decision support intervention facilitate treatment choicethe aim study assess impact telephone health coaching hc addition video decision aid da compared da alone patients spinal stenosistreatment options lumbar spinal stenosis include surgical nonsurgical approaches patient das hc shown help patients make informed treatment choice consistent personal preferenceseligible patients spinal stenosis identified orthopedic surgeon nonsurgical spine specialist consenting participants randomly assigned either video da video da along hc da hc patients completed baseline followup questionnaires 2 weeks 6 months decision support interventionsninetyeight patients randomized da hc group 101 daonly group 168 199 84 patients completed responses time points groups showed improved understanding spinal stenosis treatments progress decision making watching da p 0001 2 weeks patients coaching group made treatment decision da hc 74 vs da 52 p 001 6month followup uptake surgery similar groups da hc 21 surgery vs da 17 satisfaction treatments received similar groups da hc 84 satisfied vs da 85these results suggest watching video da improved patient knowledge reduced decisional uncertainty spinal stenosis treatment choice addition telephone coaching helped patients choose treatment quickly 6month decisional outcomes similar groups3 | https://doi.org/10.29173/iq795 |
Kenshi Itaoka|Y. Okuda|Aya Saito|Makoto Akai | Influential information and factors for social acceptance of CCS: The 2nd round survey of public opinion in Japan | 2,009 | Mizuho (Japan)|Mizuho (Japan)|Mizuho (Japan)|National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | public survey conducted concerning carbon capture storage technology ccs months february april 2007 japan previously another ccs survey took place december 2003 set questions asked 2007 survey purposely used 2003 survey japanese adults randomly selected answer questionnaire either printed format online format several versions questionnaire used contained different educational part imparting relevant ccs information 334 people successfully responded paper survey tokyo sapporo 2156 people completed online survey across nation questionnaire survey contained 5 sets different information package ccs questions asking pros cons ccs implementation analyze influence information provided ccs based results survey found many people still know ccs knowledge ccs show preference ccs implementation however preference decreased obtaining information considered neutral ccs results suggest possibility information negative aspects ccs risks etc would well known general public also found preference css decreased slightly providing different information ccs respondents group newspaper articles considered neutral comparison groups newspaper articles contained information negative opinions ccs besides riskrelated information well information based ipcc special report assumed negative opinions may influenced opinion formation respondents since ccs new technology information people entities evaluate ccs would influence public opinion subsample provided industrial natural analogues preference geological storage views slightly positive css comparison reported opinions groups implies information natural industrial analogue would help manage perception risk positive way result path analysis data public survey identified four factors 1 risks leakage 2 effectiveness ccs 3 responsibility 4 fossil fuel use found factor understanding effectiveness ccs positively influential general acceptance ccs implementation geological storage factor risks leakage become much influential negatively implementation geological storage compared general acceptance ccs implying implementation cc2 geological storage also needs careful communication risk | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.1999.tb00522.x |
Carolyn Pope Edwards | Children's Play in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A New Look at the Six Cultures Study | 2,000 | University of Nebraska–Lincoln | qualitative quantitative reanalysis six cultures data childrens play collected 1950s performed revisit worlds childhood time sample communities isolated mass markets media today count performed children aged 3 10 community sample scored engaging creativeconstructive play fantasy play role play games rules children nyansongo khalapur scored lowest overall tarong juxtlahuaca scored intermediate taira orchard town scored highest cultural norms opportunities determined kinds play stimulated physical social environments eg whether adults encouraged work versus play whether children freedom exploration motivation practice adult roles play whether environment provided easy access models materials creative constructive play | https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.106 |
Jessica Conklin|John Togami|Allison Burnett|Melanie Dodd|Gretchen Ray | Care Transitions Service: A pharmacy-driven program for medication reconciliation through the continuum of care | 2,014 | University of New Mexico|University of New Mexico Hospital|University of New Mexico Hospital | qualityimprovement program university new mexico hospital unmh encompassing admission discharge postdischarge medication reconciliation activities described report initial assessments programs impact rates medicationrelated problems mrpspharmacists conducted fivemonth evaluation unmh care transitions service cts serves inpatients admitted hospitals family medicine service providing medication reconciliation targeted mrp interventions selected patients received cts services november 2012 march 2013 n 191 included analysis study endpoints rates types mrps identified commonly implicated medication classes predictors mrps postdischarge mrp rates twomonth trial cts services unmh outpatient clinic also evaluatedduring fivemonth evaluation inpatient cts services total 1140 mrps identified average 6 per patient 70 resolved independently provider review using pharmacydriven protocols twomonth pilot test cts outpatient services n 16 total 28 mrps identified 80 cases decline number mrps admission postdischarge medication reconciliationmrps identified continuum care majority mrps identified inpatient outpatient settings involved patient variables patient nonadherence seventy percent inpatient mrps resolved independently cts team pharmacydriven protocols | https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2014.934935 |
Moria Golan|Dana Tzabari|Maya Mozeikov | The Impact of Delivering School-Based Wellness Programs for Emerging Adult Facilitators—A Quasi-Controlled Clinical Trial | 2,022 | Tel Hai Academic College|Tel Hai Academic College|Tel Hai Academic College | quasicontrolled clinical trial included universitybased supervision course facilitators interactive wellness schoolbased program study aimed investigate students facilitate prevention programs personally affected delivering content related selfesteem bodyimage media literacy total 66 university students either facilitators preventive programs intervention group nonfacilitators comparison group completed questionnaires three months following programs termination methods performed following declaration helsinki regulations consort 2010 guidelines participants facilitator group demonstrated statistically significant superiority large effect size regarding improvement identifying advertisement strategies weightrelated bodyesteem reduced impact media messages pressure also statistically significant superiority small effect size number participants pathological eat26 scores gt20 decreased 5 2 facilitator group compared increase 5 6 statistical significance comparison group groups demonstrated statistically significant decreases eating disorder perceptions behaviors baseline 3month followup delivering prevention program proved beneficial facilitators addition target school pupils thus may considered part prevention programs effectiveness assessment | https://doi.org/10.1177/0308575913518003 |
Gawn G. McIlwaine|Julia A. Bell|Gordon N. Dutton | Low Vision Aids—Is our service cost effective? | 1,991 | Gartnavel General Hospital|King's College Hospital|Institute of Ophthalmology | questionnaire telephone survey carried scottish population patients impaired vision order ascertain proportion patients gain benefit low vision aids lva determine number lvas retained unused one third patients answered questionnaire never use lvas one half satisfied service provided cost analysis indicated approximately pounds 8000 worth lvas neither used returned year single lva service patients ages diagnoses visual acuities related compliance rate appears increasing age decreasing visual acuity may factors decrease compliance however none factors analysed could used reliable predictor patient satisfaction eventual benefit health services provide intensive training use lvas reportedly achieve higher level compliance conclude present service could probably improved employment additional staff specifically trained teach patients make best use lvas provided | https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-12-3 |
Elias Aboujaoude|Wael Salame|Lama Naim | Telemental health: A status update | 2,015 | OASIS Clinic|Stanford University|Lebanese American University|Lebanese American University | rather large body literature exists use telemental health services diagnosis management various psychiatric conditions review aims provide uptodate assessment telemental health focusing four main areas computerized cbt ccbt internetbased cbt icbt virtual reality exposure therapy vret mobile therapy mtherapy four scientific databases searched possible larger betterdesigned metaanalyses controlled trials highlighted taken together published studies support expanded role telepsychiatry tools advantages include increased care access enhanced efficiency reduced stigma associated visiting mental health clinics ability bypass diagnosisspecific obstacles treatment social anxiety prevents patient leaving house technologymediated therapies ccbt icbt possess efficacy evidence vret mtherapy representing promising less researched options grown parallel virtual reality mobile technology advances nonetheless telepsychiatry remains challenging need specific computer skills difficulty providing patients deep understanding support concerns therapeutic alliance privacy fears well documented problem patient attrition future studies test efficacy advantages limitations technologyenabled cbt well explore online delivery psychotherapeutic psychopharmacological modalities | https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6690023 |
Trisha Greenhalgh|Elizabeth Kristjansson|Vivian Robinson | Realist review to understand the efficacy of school feeding programmes | 2,007 | University College London|Institute of Population and Public Health|University of Ottawa|Institute of Population and Public Health|University of Ottawa | recent cochrane review found school feeding programmes significantly improve growth cognitive performance disadvantaged children btrisha greenhalghbbelizabeth kristjansson bandb vivian robinsonb look closely highly heterogeneous trials see works circumstances | https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-162x(200008)20:3<197::aid-pad109>3.0.co;2-6 |
Ebru Kaya|Sibel Erduran|Bü?ra Aksöz|Selin Akgün | Reconceptualised family resemblance approach to nature of science in pre-service science teacher education | 2,018 | Bo?aziçi University|University of Oxford|University of Limerick|Bo?aziçi University|Bo?aziçi University | recent framework nature science nos family resemblance approach fra fra presents nos cognitiveepistemic socialinstitutional system set categories aims values scientific methods scientific practices scientific knowledge socialinstitutional aspects science although fra problematised philosophically implications science education considered science educators empirical adaptations science education limited order illustrate educational adaptations fra refer reconceptualised family resemblance approach nature science rfn present study based funded preservice science teacher education project whose aim design implement evaluate impact rfn strategies fifteen preservice teachers participated 14week teacher education intervention infused rfn 70item questionnaire designed investigate outcomes teacher education intervention individual interviews preservice teachers also conducted quantitative qualitative data analysis suggest teacher education intervention overall significant impact preservice teachers views nos paper contributes understanding nos incorporated science teacher education using new orientation nos based fra | https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462991913862 |
Jonathan Gray|Carolin Gerlitz|Liliana Bounegru | Data infrastructure literacy | 2,018 | King's College London|Folkwang University of the Arts|University of Siegen|Ghent University|Rijksmuseum|University of Groningen | recent report un makes case global data literacy order realise opportunities afforded data revolution many contexts data literacy characterised terms combination numerical statistical technical capacities article argue expansion concept include competencies reading working datasets also ability account intervene around participate wider sociotechnical infrastructures data created stored analysed call data infrastructure literacy illustrate notion examples inventive data practice previous ongoing research open data online platforms data journalism data activism drawing perspectives argue data literacy initiatives might cultivate sensibilities data science also data sociology data politics well wider public engagement digital data infrastructures proposed notion data infrastructure literacy intended make space collective inquiry experimentation imagination intervention around data educational programmes beyond including data infrastructures challenged contested reshaped repurposed align interests publics originally intended | https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip29886 |
Helen Gray|Andrew Lyth|Catherine McKenna|Susan E. Stothard|Peter Tymms|Lee Copping | Sex differences in variability across nations in reading, mathematics and science: a meta-analytic extension of Baye and Monseur (2016) | 2,019 | Durham University|Durham University|Durham University|Newcastle College|Durham University|Teesside University | recent study baye monseur large scale assess educ 4116 2016 using large international educational data sets suggest greater male variation hypothesis well supported males often overrepresented tails ability distribution despite similarity measures central tendency gradual closing attainment gap relative females study replicate expand baye monseurs work explore greater male variability country using metaanalysis metaregression broadly confirm variability greater males internationally find significant heterogeneity countries much quantified using variables applicable across assessments test year malefemale effect size mean country score global gender gap indicators still possible make causal conclusions regarding males varied females academic assessments possible show national level variables effect magnitude variation results suggestions work discussed | https://doi.org/10.18438/b8fg78 |
Mary Kay Barton | Potential survival benefit with lumpectomy for patients with early?stage breast cancer | 2,013 | null | recent study found women stage ii breast cancer breastconserving therapy bct associated improved diseasespecific survival compared mastectomy cancer 201311914021411 believed years 2 approaches locoregional treatment early breast cancer equivalent thus percentage women choosing bct increased however unclear reasons mastectomy chosen often among certain groups patients younger women situ cancer living affluent areas j clin oncol 201028e155e157 researchers set investigate whether similar survival rates bct mastectomy noted randomized trials hold true general population determine whether subgroup benefits one approach versus observational study 112000 women treated earlystage breast cancer women undergoing lumpectomy radiation equivalent subgroups superior breast cancerspecific survival compared women undergoing mastectomy says e shelley hwang md mph chief breast surgery duke university medical center durham north carolina dr hwang colleagues identified cases stage ii breast cancer california cancer registry patients diagnosed 1990 2004 women treated either lumpectomy followed radiation therapy mastectomy eligible women undergone lumpectomy without radiation mastectomy radiation excluded overall total 112154 eligible women found 55 underwent bct 45 underwent mastectomy median followup close 10 years bct rates increased 37 1990 1992 62 2002 2004 5year overall survival os rate entire cohort 893 diseasespecific survival dss rate 944 cox multivariate analysis performed compare survival 4 groups 1 aged 50 years older hormone receptor hrnegative disease 2 aged 50 years older hrpositive disease 3 aged younger 50 years hrnegative disease 4 aged younger 50 years hrpositive disease human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 her2 status considered widely available study period groups bct associated improved os compared mastectomy largest benefit observed group women aged older 50 years hrpositive disease hazard ratio 081 dss benefit also prominent group hazard ratio 087 smallest benefit bct noted women aged younger 50 years hrpositive tumors hazard ratio 093 large observational study recently compared outcomes mastectomy breast conserving therapy among women early stage breast cancer adjusting tumor grade percentage positive lymph nodes race socioeconomic status tumor size age diagnosis year diagnosis women treated bct still significantly higher os dss rates analysis performed examine whether comorbidities effect surgical choice outcomes heart disease chronic respiratory disease cerebrovascular disease considered bct associated significantly lower 3year mortality rates causes except breast cancer kaplanmeier survival estimates demonstrated statistically significantly increased os dss bct versus mastectomy analysis increased survival advantage bct found greatest among women aged 50 years older hrpositive disease examining tumor size surgical approach used survival benefit larger among patients t1 tumors compared t2 tumors groups os still better bct group among women t2 tumors dr hwang colleagues state strengths study include large diverse populationbased data set representing state california lengthy followup period excellent reliability data modern cohort randomized controlled trials comparing lumpectomy mastectomy conducted 30 years ago however study observational therefore groups randomized researchers tried control major factors known impact breast cancerspecific survival could unmeasured confounders associated choice mastectomy accounted analysis thus controlled study addition authors caution observational study causality could inferred study hwang colleagues shows benefit mastectomy measured risk local recurrence survival says stephen edge md chief breast surgery roswell park cancer institute buffalo new york findings survival better bct must interpreted caution randomized trial review suggests decisions made defining study population methodologic issues could biased results towards benefit bct benefit may may exist significant problem using population data however clearly showed worse outcome bct thereby reaffirming unequivocal findings randomized controlled clinical trials mature followup since data including study show mastectomy superior bct interesting recently reported trend showing increased uptake mastectomy bct women earlystage breast cancer reasons underlying trend doubtless multifactorial include better breast reconstruction techniques increased use mri increased awareness breast cancer consequences however trend particularly fascinating segment population opting surgerynot mastectomy bilateral mastectomyare generally younger educated women better access health care smaller earlier cancers indicates greater overall health literacy associated surgery despite lack evidence supports better outcome surgery says dr hwang dr edge agrees unknown reasons women asking surgeons performing mastectomies contributing factors include misinformation leading fear area thoughtful patient support needed surgery good treatment unfounded fears says future research could include examining relationship her2 status surgery outcomes data recorded california cancer registry since 2006 analysis possible study points importance large data sets used look questions randomized studies appropriate says dr hwang course always cases mastectomy better option women choice less may | https://doi.org/10.18438/b8bg7b |
Eri Maeda|Hiroki Sugimori|Fumiaki Nakamura|Yasuki Kobayashi|Joseph Green|Machi Suka|Masayuki Okamoto|Jacky Boivin|Hidekazu Saito | A cross sectional study on fertility knowledge in Japan, measured with the Japanese version of Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-J) | 2,015 | The University of Tokyo|Japan Society for the Promotion of Science|Daito Bunka University|The University of Tokyo|The University of Tokyo|The University of Tokyo|Jikei University School of Medicine|The University of Tokyo|Cardiff University|National Center For Child Health and Development | recent survey 79 countries showed fertility knowledge lower japan developed country given fertility decline japan importance fertility knowledge conducted online survey examine fertility knowledge related factors effective public educationwe studied people aged 1859 years old n 4328 general group also people trying conceive least six months 1850 years old n 618 triers group fertility knowledge assessed using japanese version 13item cardiff fertility knowledge scale cfksj participants provided sociodemographic fertility information participants also completed 14item health literacy scale 11item health numeracy scale asked participants aware agerelated decline fertility first acquired knowledgethe average percentages cfksj items answered correctly 531 triers group 444 general group p 0001 multivariate linear regression models showed triers group greater fertility knowledge associated greater health literacy prior medical consultation regarding fertility general group greater fertility knowledge associated female younger university educated currently trying conceive nonsmoking higher household income higher health literacy higher health numeracy aware agerelated decline fertility around 3 first learned fact school around 65 first learned mass media via internet 30 respondents first learned less 5 years surveyalthough fertility knowledge improved since previous study possibly due recent media coverage agerelated infertility still low educational interventions schools community may needed increase fertility knowledge general population people obtain fertility knowledge mass media shown often present distorted inaccurate fertility information | https://doi.org/10.18438/b85w21 |
Alison Pickard|Andrew K. Shenton|Andrew Johnson | Young people and the evaluation of information on the World Wide Web: Principles, practice and beliefs | 2,012 | Northumbria University | recurrent theme lis literature tendency young people evaluate rigorously information come contact although many information literacy models stress need take critical approach reality behaviour often different recent research conducted english high school explored importance teenagers attach 10 particular evaluative criteria data contributed 149 youngsters via online questionnaire participants felt information web currenttopical free spelling grammatical errors easily verifiable elsewhere authorship much less priority findings likely special relevance information literacy teachers defining priorities programmes | https://doi.org/10.18438/b89s3m |
Victor Yman|Grace Wandell|Doreen D. Mutemi|Aurelie Miglar|Muhammad Asghar|Ulf Hammar|Mattias Karlsson|Ingrid Lind|Cleis Nordfjell|Ingegerd Rooth|Billy Ngasala|Manijeh Vafa Homann|Anna Färnert | Persistent transmission of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale species in an area of declining Plasmodium falciparum transmission in eastern Tanzania | 2,019 | Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|University of Washington Medical Center|Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Uppsala University|Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska University Hospital | reduction global burden malaria past two decades encouraged efforts regional malaria elimination despite need target plasmodium species current focus mainly directed towards plasmodium falciparum lesser extent p vivax substantial lack data global local transmission patterns neglected malaria parasites p malariae p ovale spp used speciesspecific realtime pcr assay targeting plasmodium 18s rrna gene evaluate temporal trends prevalence human malaria parasites 22year period rural village tanzaniawe tested 2897 blood samples collected five crosssectional surveys conducted 1994 2016 infections p falciparum p malariae p ovale spp detected throughout study period p vivax detected 1994 2010 found 90 reduction odds infection detected species odds p falciparum infection reduced 2016 odds p malariae p ovale spp infection increased 2 6fold respectively compared 2010 2016 nonfalciparum species occurred often monoinfections results demonstrate persistent transmission p ovale spp lesser extent p malariae despite continued decline p falciparum transmission illustrates transmission patterns nonfalciparum species necessarily follow p falciparum stressing need attention towards nonfalciparum malaria africa malaria elimination require better understanding epidemiology p malariae p ovale spp improved tools monitoring transmission plasmodium species particular focus towards identifying asymptomatic carriers infection designing appropriate interventions enhance malaria control | https://doi.org/10.18438/b8j32h |
Kristi Thompson|Daniel M. Edelstein | A Reference Model for Providing Statistical Consulting Services in an Academic Library Setting | 2,005 | null | reference model providing statistical consulting services academic library setting | https://doi.org/10.18438/b88c9f |
Ratilal Lalloo|Neil Myburgh|Mh Hobdell | Dental caries, socio-economic development and national oral health policies | 1,999 | null | relationship populations level socioeconomic development dental caries often assumed proxy measures sugar consumption used reflect study tests hypothesis relationship dental caries level socioeconomic development using recent international data goes explore implications relationship development national oral health policies dental caries data obtained global oral epidemiology data bank period 19811996 socioeconomic data obtained united nations development programme undp countries ranked according human development index hdi gnp study confirms existence relationship dental caries development caries good proxy measure socioeconomic development countries throes socioeconomic transition highest dmft scores | https://doi.org/10.1097/00001416-200410000-00001 |
Saeid Mahmoudian|Mohammad Farhad|Alireza Mahdavi Hezaveh|Maryam Maleki|Sedigheh Shariatinia|Mohsen Shams | Development and application of a tool to measure hearing health literacy of young people in the Islamic Republic of Iran | 2,021 | Rasool Akram Hospital|Iran University of Medical Sciences|Rasool Akram Hospital|Iran University of Medical Sciences|Ministry of Health and Medical Education|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Isfahan University of Medical Sciences|Yasuj University of Medical Sciences | reliable valid tool assess hearing health literacy iranian young people lackingthis study aimed develop tool assess hearing health literacy young people islamic republic iran use tool determine hearing health literacy sample iranians aged 1225 yearsa questionnaire designed three skill sections obtaining health information evaluating information applying benefit health validity reliability tool determined cluster sampling used select 50 urban clusters across country 5000 iranians aged 1225 years old selected complete questionnairethe final questionnaire 22 items scores ranging 22 44 cronbach alpha 065 content validity ratio index 092 082 respectively 5000 questionnaires completed 4890 included analysis mean standard deviation sd age participants 17 sd 3 years 459 males mean score tool 3081 sd 375 indicating inadequate health literacy score 2236 137 28 participants adequate health literacy score 3744 statistically significant differences mean hearing health literacy seen sex age years education occupation marital status income p 005given low level hearing health literacy iranian young people programmes improve ear hearing health literacy urgently needed 12 25 50 5000 12 25 22 22 44 065 092 082 5000 4890 17 3 459 3081 375 22 36 137 28 37 44 005p mise au point et application dun outil destin mesurer les connaissances en sant auditive des jeunes en rpublique islamique diranil nexiste pas doutil fiable et valable pour valuer les connaissances en matire de sant auditive des jeunes iraniensla prsente tude avait pour objectif de mettre au point un outil permettant dvaluer les connaissances en matire de sant auditive des jeunes en rpublique islamique diran et dutiliser cet outil pour dterminer ces connaissances dans un chantillon diraniens gs de 12 25 ansun questionnaire conu avec trois sections de comptences obtenir des informations sur la sant valuer ces informations et les appliquer pour amliorer la sant la validit et la fiabilit de loutil ont dtermines un chantillonnage en grappes utilis pour slectionner 50 grappes urbaines travers le pays parmi lesquelles 500 iraniens gs de 12 25 ans ont choisis pour remplir le questionnairele questionnaire final comportait 22 items avec des scores compris entre 22 et 44 lalpha de cronbach tait de 065 le ratio et lindice de validit du contenu taient respectivement de 092 et 082 sur les 5000 questionnaires remplis 4890 ont inclus dans lanalyse lge moyen cart type et des participants tait de 17 ans et 3 et 459 taient des hommes le score moyen pour loutil tait de 3081 et 375 signe dune littratie en sant insuffisante score 22 36 seuls 137 28 des participants possdaient une littratie en sant adquate score 3744 des diffrences statistiquement significatives dans les connaissances moyennes en matire de sant auditive ont observes eu gard au sexe lge aux annes dtudes la profession au statut marital et aux revenus p 005tant donn le faible niveau de connaissances en sant auditive des jeunes iraniens des programmes visant amliorer ce domaine sont ncessaires de toute urgence | https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.37.020186.000245 |
Maricel G. Santos|Margaret A. Handley|Karin Omark|Dean Schillinger | ESL Participation as a Mechanism for Advancing Health Literacy in Immigrant Communities | 2,014 | San Francisco State University | reliance conceptualization health literacy functional skill limited researchers views adult englishasasecondlanguage esl context site health literacy interventions explore contributions alternative views literacy social practice health literacy research authors examined teacher survey data learner outcomes data collected part multiyear collaboration involving california diabetes program university researchers adult esl teachers survey results n144 teachers indicated esl teachers frequently model effective pedagogical practices mediate social interaction around health content basis acquiring new literacy skills practices classroom pilot n116 learners majority learners reported learned diabetes risk factors prevention strategies affirmed existing healthy behaviors prompted revision unhealthy ones two thirds learners reported sharing preventive health content members outofschool social networks study represents first step research efforts account fully mechanisms social interaction social support facilitate health literacy outcomes esl contexts complement already known development health literacy functional skill | https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219418775116 |
Rikard Tordön|Bo Vinnerljung|Ulla Axelsson | Improving foster children’s school performance: a replication of the Helsingborg study | 2,014 | Stockholm University | replication helsingborg study tideman et al 2011 conducted municipality norrkping 20082011 results confirm conclusions original study children foster care benefit working model aimed improve school performance furthermore possible way address poor numeracy skills computerised working memory training identified implications research active interventions address underachieving foster children discussed | https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000188 |
Divya Rajaraman|Nelson Jesuraj|Lawrence Geiter|Sean Bennett|Harleen M. S. Grewal|Mário Sérgio de Oliveira Vaz | How participatory is parental consent in low literacy rural settings in low income countries? Lessons learned from a community based study of infants in South India | 2,011 | Aeras|Aeras|Haukeland University Hospital|University of Bergen | requisite ethical human subjects research participation informed voluntary participation informed consent process way asking questions indicator extent consent informed aims study assess extent parents providing consent childrens participation observational tuberculosis tb research study india actively participated informed consent discussion identify correlates participation observational cohort study tuberculosis infants south india field supervisors responsible obtaining informed consent noted questions asked informed consent discussions 4382 infants enrolled study questions postcoded topic bivariate multivariate analysis conducted examine factors associated asking least one question informed consent process total 590 4382 134 parentsguardians asked question informed consent process found likelihood parents asking questions informed consent process significantly associated education level either parent parents present location findings implications planning informed consent process largely rural setting low levels literacy greater effort needs directed towards developing simple participatory communication materials informed consent process furthermore including parents discussion childs participation research study may increase extent consent truly informed finally continuing efforts need made improve communication skills research workers regard explaining research processes putting potential research participants ease | https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.501807 |
Markella Boudioni|Klim McPherson|Jean Mossman|Mary Boulton|Alison Jones|Jessica King|Eleanor Wilson|M. L. Slevin | An analysis of first-time enquirers to the CancerBACUP information service: variations with cancer site, demographic status and geographical location | 1,998 | London Cancer|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London Cancer|St Mary's Hospital|The Royal Free Hospital|University College London|Cancer Research UK|St Bartholomew's Hospital | retrospective comparison cancer incidence data relevant population data 16955 firsttime users patients relatives friends national cancer information service cancerbacup period april 1995 march 1996 presented number events observed compared number events expected national rates cancer incidence population demographics apply standardized incidence ratios sirs observed expected ratios used indicate differences statistically significant differences p 0001 observed expected sex age primary site distribution patients enquired found statistically significant differences p 0001 also identified age employment status socioeconomic class geographical location firsttime enquirers patients relatives friends enquiries brain testis breast cancers nonhodgkins lymphoma nhl substantially higher expected enquiries bladder lung stomach colorectal cancers much lower expected service provided via freephone number available users might expected randomly distributed across variables listed underlying reasons differences identified need investigated role information care cancer patients formally evaluated | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.12.001 |
Richard Heeks | The approach of senior public officials to information technology-related reform: lessons from India | 2,000 | Institute of Development Studies|University of Manchester | review global experience suggests information technology great potential contribute public sector reform however indian reality like many countries problematic many failures itrelated reform failures described total partial failures sustainability replication many factors help explain failure key component approach reform adopted senior public officials four model approaches described nonit approach ignore itrelated approaches isolate idolize integrate analysis indian cases suggests last approach likely deliver reform objectives yet remains least commonly adopted changes therefore required current strategies public administration training planning management change copyright 2000 john wiley sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2061 |
Laura Gibney|P Choudhury|Z Khawaja|Malabika Sarker|Sten H. Vermund | Behavioural risk factors for HIV/AIDS in a low-HIV prevalence Muslim nation: Bangladesh | 1,999 | University of Alabama at Birmingham | review published unpublished data indicates prevalence highrisk behaviours hiv transmission segments bangladeshi population include casual unprotected sex heterosexual well males prior marriage intravenous drug use ivdu exists though illicit drugs commonly inhaled fear however inhalers may turn injecting drugs common neighbouring countries lack public awareness hivaids misconceptions disease may contribute continued highrisk behaviours segments population thus spread hiv bangladeshs proximity india myanmar countries high hiv endemicity rapidly growing number cases increases fears epidemic bangladesh proximity risk factor however highrisk contacts occur nationals countries | https://doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v4n1p66 |
Hilary Bussell | Gender is a Variable of Interest for Information Literacy Instruction | 2,021 | State Library of Ohio|The Ohio State University | review pinto sales amp fernndezpascual r 2019 gender perspective information literacy interdisciplinary multidimensional analysis within higher education settings library amp information science research 414 100979 httpsdoiorg101016jlisr2019100979 abstract objective identify gender differences present 26 information literacy il learning competencies using multidimensional subjectiveobjective approach design two quantitative survey questionnaires administered online setting five spanish public universities 2014 subjects third fourthyear students eight social science degree programs including information science audiovisual communication journalism psychology primary education pedagogy social work tourism methods subjects recruited using stratified sampling approach two survey instruments distributed online ilhumass instrument uses likert scales measure students beliefinimportance bi various il competencies relating searching evaluation processing communicationdissemination well selfefficacy se regarding competencies evalcikn instrument measures students actual knowledge kn il competencies using closed answer options data analyzed using descriptive bivariate statistics confirmatory factor analyses main results total number valid surveys collected 1575 sampling ratio 1039 eligible students significant differences found female male students bi se kn categories searching evaluation statistically significant differences genders found relating se knowledge information processing men higher scores knowledge communicationdissemination women higher score overall students kn scores higher se scores statistically significant differences found among male students categories dimensions except se evaluation bi communicationdissemination among female students except bi processing information science pedagogy highest scoring degree programs different dimensions categories tourism social work lowest male students awareness importance using print sources assessing quality information could improved female students awareness importance knowing information source typologies academic codes ethics intellectual property laws could improved authors also state male students kn increased areas schematizing abstracting information handling statistical programs knowing laws information use intellectual property point need instructional support improve students se across il categories conclusion gender differences found various il competencies measured three scales bi se kn male students found believe assessment skills important believe prepared search skills however actual knowledge highest communication category comparison female students prioritized communication skills believed prepared search skills actual knowledge highest search communication categories among genders weaknesses found relating bi four competencies use informal electronic sources know information search strategies schematizeabstract information recognize text structure se six competencies use printed sources know information search strategies assess quality information schematizeabstract information recognize text structure write document kn five competencies use printed sources use electronic sources use informal electronic sources determine whether information updated know code ethics academic field students mean score higher kn se searching evaluation communicationdissemination authors recommend instruction awarenessraising sessions help students acquire il competencies well improve selfesteem areas design sessions incorporating findings gender differences also recommend review existing syllabi help incorporate gender perspective classroom p 8 | https://doi.org/10.2196/14254 |
Cari Merkley | Age and Context Sensitivity Associated with Reduced Success in Finding Health Information Online | 2,015 | Mount Royal University | review ofx0d agree e king c castro c wiley amp borzekowski l g 2015 got page age cognitive style study online health information seeking journal medical internet research 173 e79 httpdxdoiorg102196jmir3352 x0d x0d objective determine extent age cognitive style influence individuals ability successfully locate health information onlinex0d x0d design quantitative study employing scales regression analysisx0d x0d setting school public health school medicine two universities united states americax0d x0d subjects 346 men women 35 years olderx0d x0d methods participants online health study ohs recruited community study sites using stratified sampling screened webbased tool ensure necessary level digital literacy complete study tasks enrolled participants completed rapid estimate adult literacy medicine realm measure health literacy witkin group embedded figures test geft determine cognitive style labelled researchers context sensitive context independent participants asked search online answers six specific questions hearthealthy diets flu vaccinations alternative medicine memory genetic testing assistive medical technology skin cancer 15 minutes search time allowed question participants reported answers search later assigned scores accuracy specificity combined two scores used measure success researchers used stata 11 statistical software run logistic regression ordinal logistic regression generalized linear models data order predict variables associated success search tasksx0d x0d main results 323 346 participants completed study tasks data formed basis analysis average participants correctly answered 41 6 questions participants provided accurate successful answers question hearthealthy foods least accurate answers question seasonal flu shots least successful answering question herbal supplements memory across models older participants less likely successful locating answers questions younger participants even controlling variables measured study particular older participants difficulty question medical technology required use mapping overall models suggest higher levels education greater daily internet use higher health literacy associated greater success search tasks extent varied question question exception case education question relating herbal supplements memory participants higher levels education likely score poorly responses participants whose cognitive style found context sensitive less likely find information needed online searches context independent particularly questions relating hearthealthy diet skin cancer medical technologyx0d x0d conclusion study suggests age cognitive style level health literacy daily internet use prior education important variables determining whether individual successfully take advantage increasing amount health information available internet specific approaches web design could used improve success rate context sensitive greater support direction reputable online health sources medical information professionals could assist less health literate | https://doi.org/10.1177/1084713811430837 |
Robin E. Miller | Graduate Students May Need Information Literacy Instruction as Much as Undergraduates | 2,014 | Curtin University|University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire | review ofx0d conway kate 2011 prepared students postgraduate study comparison information literacy skills commencing undergraduate postgraduate studies students curtin university australian academic amp research libraries 422 121135x0d x0d abstractx0d x0d objective determine whether difference information literacy skills postgraduate undergraduate students beginning information studies program examine influence demographic characteristics information literacy skillsx0d x0d design online multiple choice questionnaire test basic information literacy skillsx0d x0d setting information studies program large university western australiax0d x0d subjects 64 information studies students responded email invitation participate online questionnaire 44 response rate responding 23 undergraduates 41 postgraduatesx0d x0d methods course two semesters online survey administered order measure student performance established standards 25 test questions aligned australian new zealand information literacy framework anziil bundy 2004 adapted version acrl information literacy standards higher education association college amp research libraries 2000 first semester survey administered 9 demographic questions asked 11 second semester participants invited respond voluntarily questionnaire via email results presented descriptive statistics comparing undergraduate postgraduate student performance results tested statistical significance author control confounding variablesx0d x0d main results postgraduate respondents scored average 77 test questionnaire undergraduates scored average 69 25 respondents previous work experience library achieved average scores 79 contrast 69 among worked library average scores undergraduates 2030 age group 81 3040 age group averaged 65 among undergraduate postgraduate students scores may indicate deficiencies information literacy skills several areas including parsing citations strategies locating specific content defining information needx0d x0d conclusion study concludes postgraduate students information literacy skills may marginally better skills undergraduates age found associated higher performance among undergraduate students variety basic information literacy skills may elude many respondents findings might prompt librarians instructors look closely gaps information literacy knowledge among students undergraduate postgraduate level | https://doi.org/10.1177/1084713811431694 |
Sara Sharun | Enrollment in a Library Credit Course is Positively Related to the College Graduation Rates of Full Time Students | 2,015 | null | review ofx0d cook jm 2014 library credit course student success rates longitudinal study college amp research libraries 753 272283 doi105860crl12424x0d x0d abstractx0d x0d objective determine impact creditbearing information literacy skills course student success ratesx0d x0d design observational study x0d x0d setting academic library midsized university georgia united states americax0d x0d subjects nine cohorts students n15012 entered institution first time fulltime basis year 1999 2007 x0d x0d methods aggregate data student cohort gathered department institutional research planning data included high school act sat scores high school graduating gpas college graduating gpas college graduation dates nine cohorts divided two groups students took credit library course libr 1101 point student career students cohort pearson chisquare test used determine statistical correlation library course enrollment four five sixyear graduation rates ztests used determine difference average graduation gpa students take course well difference average high school graduation gpa act sat scores two groups cohortx0d x0d main results graduation rates positively associated students took library course point studies students took library course graduated higher rates students 56 students took library course graduated within studys time frame compared 30 take course average significant difference college graduation gpas students take libr 1101 time period study students took course graduated students took course higher graduating gpas x0d x0d conclusion students enrolled libr 1101 point studies graduated significantly higher rate students | https://doi.org/10.52041/srap.17605 |
Elaine Sullo | First-Year Library Student Assistants Have Better Information Literacy Skills, and Demonstrate a Larger Increase in these Skills, Compared to Their First-Year Peers | 2,015 | George Washington University | review ofx0d folk l 2014 well preparing assessment firstyear library student assistants information literacy skills college amp undergraduate libraries 212 177192 httpdxdoiorg101080106913162013829377x0d x0d objective examine information literacy skills first year library student assistants comparison first year students library assistants additionally study investigates whether information literacy skills library student assistants increased general student population first semester college x0d x0d design pretestposttestx0d x0d setting two regional campuses research university united states america x0d x0d subjects firstyear students including library student assistants students freshman seminar course one regional campus 103 firstyear students including 5 library student assistants completed pretest campus 75 first year students including 5 library student assistants completed posttest campus 30 firstyear students including 3 library student assistants completed pretest 26 firstyear students including 2 library student assistants completed posttestx0d x0d methods researcher distributed pretest posttest included demographic questions 11 items related information literacy firstyear students pretest given within first two weeks fall semester students attended library instructional sessions one campus library student assistants took pretest beginning first shift second campus library student assistants completed pretest within first two weeks semester posttest given participants within last two weeks classes fall semester x0d x0d main results pretest library student assistant scores ranged 6 10 maximum 11 points posttest students scores ranged 8 11 score ranges higher mean score general firstyear students x0d x0d mean pretest scores general firstyear students 595 points 11 points mean score 541 mean pretest scores library student assistants 813 739 mean posttest scores general firstyear students 729 663 mean posttest scores library student assistants 943 857 students earned perfect score pretest posttest 29 library student assistants scored perfect 11 points 4 general firstyear students earned perfect scorex0d x0d comparing pretest posttest scores general firstyear students mean score increased 134 points mean score library student assistants increased 13 points library student assistants scored higher general firstyear students pretest posttest numbers statistically significant author reports increase mean scores pretest posttest library student assistants statistically significant hand increase mean scores pretest posttest general firstyear students statistically significant p 186x0d x0d conclusions author concludes information literacy skills firstyear library student assistants better general firstyear students information valuable librarians wish gauge well regards teaching information literacy skills library student assistants additionally librarians better understand instruction contributing library student assistants educational experiences general well future lifelong learners | https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jtg071 |
Dominique Daniel | Embedded Library Guides in Learning Management Systems Help Students Get Started on Research Assignments | 2,016 | Oakland University | review ofx0d murphy amp black e l 2013 embedding guides students learn design choices librarian behavior make difference journal academic librarianship 396 528534 httpdxdoiorg101016jacalib201306007 x0d x0d abstractx0d x0d objective determine whether library guides embedded learning management systems lms get used students identify best practices creation promotion guides librariansx0d x0d design mixed methods combining quantitative qualitative data collection analysis survey interviews statistical analysisx0d x0d setting large public university united states americax0d x0d subjects 100 undergraduate students 14 librariansx0d x0d methods researchers surveyed undergraduate students participating project information literacy study use library guides learning management system lms given quarter university course pages lms automatically assigned library guide addition web usage data courseembedded guides analyzed high use guides identified namely guides received average least two visits per student enrolled course researchers also conducted qualitative analysis layout high use guides including number widgets boxes links finally librarians created high use library guides interviewed mixed methods designed address four research questions 1 students finding guides lms find guides useful 2 high use guides differ design composition 3 guides designed specific course entire department college 4 librarians promote usex0d x0d main results 33 students said noticed library guide lms course page 21 reported using guide among used guide majority freshmen possibly embedding library guides lms started university library guides high use relation class enrollment significantly differ low use guides terms numbers widgets links although high use guides tended slightly fewer widgets guides 55 assigned course level 30 department level 13 college level half librarians least one high use guide conducted library instruction session used promoted guide 39 courses highuse guides librarian actively engaged faculty students via lms others reported specific involvement courses x0d x0d conclusion students used library guides reported guides helped get started research paper assignment find research materials two areas previous studies show students great difficulty since majority students notice link library guide lms librarians could emphasize news section course gets much attention within library guides simpler groupings links might easier students use conclusion would require research confirm case nearly half high use guides promoted way librarians simply automatically embedded lms sign passive embedding may provide easy way library reach large number students early academic career since automatic embedding guides began guides seen dramatic increase usage | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.07.004 |
Cari Merkley | First Year University Students Arrive with Some Search Skills, But Struggle with Scholarly Sources | 2,014 | Mount Royal University | review ofx0d salisbury f amp karasmanis 2011 ready exploring student information literacy skills transition secondary tertiary education australian academic amp research libraries 421 4358x0d x0d objective determine existing information literacy skills first year students possess upon entering universityx0d x0d design quantitative survey questionnairex0d x0d setting research university australiax0d x0d subjects 1029 first year students health sciencesx0d x0d methods first year students enrolled health sciences asked complete paper questionnaire first week classes 2009 20 question survey distributed student tutorial groups first 10 questions collected information student demographics expected library use existing information seeking behaviour remaining 10 questions tested students understanding information literacy concepts data collected survey analyzed using statistical software spssx0d x0d main results students responded questionnaire ages 16 21 843 22 age 40 approximately 15 respondents completed postsecondary university vocational education prior enrolling current programx0d x0d students ranked google friend book top three places would go find information something knew little google also popular choice finding scholarly article 35 respondents followed library catalogue 21 x0d x0d large proportion students correctly answered questions relating identifying appropriate search terms example one third students selected correct combination search concepts provided topic 77 identified choice search phrase could negatively impact search results students also demonstrated prior knowledge boolean operator 38 correctly identifying use related question students also able identify key markers websites credibilityx0d x0d questions relating ethical information use scholarly literature proved challenging almost half 45 students said know characteristics peer reviewed journal article twenty five percent respondents indicated citing information source necessary case direct quotes 28 correctly identifying need citing quotes paraphrasing 23 able select example journal citation list presentedx0d x0d conclusion students enter university existing strengths concept identification basic search formulation require assistance locating identifying scholarly literature cite appropriately work findings inform development online information literacy assessment tool assist incoming students identifying areas may require additional support transition university | https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy009 |
Jan Gwyer | Teaching Evidence-Based Practice | 2,004 | null | revolution surely occurred physical therapist education past decade complete easily recognizable acronym evidencebased medicine ebm quickly adapted nonphysician practitioners evidencebased practice ebp revolution touched students academic faculty clinicians throughout profession many revolutions seeds discontent scattered many years earlier decades revolution acronym leaders encouraged us better michels 1969 apta presidential address challenged educational community desired independent accreditation educational programs accept responsibility intellectual honesty1 commenting ability physical therapists read understand clinical research time argued general level knowledge method logic experimental design statistical analysis data indicates started including disciplines basic curriculum ten years ago1p1197 rothstein pointed michels believed evidencebased practice long term widely used2p7 spirited debate meaning ebp profession24 within faculty changes required educate evidencebased practitioners physical therapist educators understand magnitude challenge nothing less changing way physical therapy practiced education students education clinical faculty practitioners knowledge values evidencebased practice goal requires creative effective instructional assessment strategies implemented professional curricula didactic clinical continuing education issue journal physical therapy education contains reports curricular content changes instructional processes used faculty change curricula ones reflect principles evidencebased practice first slavin provides overview necessary competencies evidencebased practice including tool learner selfassessment performance processes ebp slavin continues offering suggestions educational program structure clinical instructor training learner attitudes facilitate teaching ebp fell burnham draw expertise medicine physical therapy medical library science focus curricular content teaching strategies develop crucial skills accessing evidence practice lobach first paper published discipline clinical informatics physical therapy journal provides introduction component biomedical informatics proposed set competencies physical therapist students areas computer literacy information retrieval management clinical decision support systems evidence practice comes different formats requiring different assessment skills henderson rheault address absence sound methodology assessing including evidence qualitative research ebp theory offer reader appraisal instrument evaluate methodological rigor qualitative research set decision rules used include qualitative research data collection evidence practice decisions hack reviews yet another format evidence paper practice policies paper educators find framework teaching development practice policies well discussion clear expectation students able design practice policies found newly revised capte evaluative criteria accreditation education programs preparation physical therapists final papers portney ross anderson find reports two attempts revise curricula meet challenges presented evidencebased practice papers recommend building link evidencebased practice clinical reasoning content portney provides examples integrating evidencebased practice courses clinical courses across curriculum ross anderson focus process creating course blends emphases found traditional research courses emphases found ebp content papers well rest special issue required reading faculty involved physical therapist professional education order stimulate dialogue within faculty whether came willingly reluctantly embrace ebp revolution educators meeting challenge provide students important key future profession time tell successful students continuing revolution practice educators agreed held accountable accreditation standards clearly express commitment goal editors note august 1997 issue physical therapy rothstein warned schools continue educate students primarily techniques without regard critical thinking use science clinical courses condemning students mediocrity students attend schools made first professional mistake mistake costly patients profession3p801 today student accredited program risk intellectual tyranny described michels1 1969 hands faculty uncommitted evidencebased practice however community must commit continued testing instructional assessment strategies reporting journal perhaps importantly strategies related teaching evidencebased practice need evidence curricular decisions physical therapy education new editor journal made goal5 education section journal must continue take leadership role fostering development evidencebased practice throughout profession jan gwyer pt phd guest editor | https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131144 |
Anne Anastasi | Evolving Concepts of Test Validation | 1,986 | Fordham University | revolution science emotion emerged recent decades potential create paradigm shift decision theories research reveals emotions constitute potent pervasive predictable sometimes harmful sometimes read | https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160514 |
Florina Erbeli|Sara A. Hart|Jeanette Taylor | Genetic and Environmental Influences on Achievement Outcomes Based on Family History of Learning Disabilities Status | 2,018 | Florida State University|Florida State University|Florida State University | risk develop learning disability shown run families positive family history learning disability seems account mean differences achievement outcomes reading math children positive family history score significantly lower compared peers family history however role family history status explaining etiological genetic environmental differences among subgroups children yet established present study 872 twins mage 1330 sdage 140 florida twin project reading behavior environment utilized multigroup approach examine etiological differences reading spelling math among two subgroups defined family history status results showed significant mean differences achievement outcomes aside math however significant etiological differences achievement outcome found among two subgroups results support previous literature risk developing learning disability transmitted family seemingly manifested differential etiology | https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2018.902 |
Drew H. Bailey|Tutrang Nguyen|Jade Marcus Jenkins|Thurston Domina|Douglas H. Clements|Julie Sarama | Fadeout in an early mathematics intervention: Constraining content or preexisting differences? | 2,016 | University of California, Irvine|University of California, Irvine|University of California, Irvine|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of Denver|University of Denver | robust finding across research early childhood educational interventions treatment effect diminishes time children receiving intervention eventually catching children one popular explanation fadeout early mathematics interventions elementary school teachers may teach kind advanced content children prepared receiving intervention lowerachieving children control groups early mathematics interventions catch higherachieving children treatment groups alternative explanation persistent individual differences childrens longterm mathematical development result relatively stable preexisting differences skills environments direct effects previous knowledge later knowledge tested 2 hypotheses using data effective preschool mathematics intervention previously known show diminishing treatment effect time compared intervention group matched subset control group similar mean variance scores end treatment tested relative contributions factors similarly constrain learning children treatment control groups level posttreatment achievement preexisting differences 2 groups fadeout treatment effect time found approximately 72 fadeout effect attributable preexisting differences children treatment control groups level achievement posttest differences fully statistically attenuated childrens prior academic achievement psycinfo database record | https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12569 |
Helen Lingard|Tracy Cooke|Nick Blismas | Properties of group safety climate in construction: the development and evaluation of a typology | 2,010 | RMIT University|RMIT University|RMIT University | safety climate survey conducted three australian construction industry organizations workers perceptions supervisors safety response ssr coworkers safety response csr measured facets group safety climate twodimensional schema developed based upon strength level group safety climate resulting framework used position 40 workgroups included sample within one four group safety climate types nonparametric kruskal wallis test revealed workgroups members share strong consensus coworkers treat safety priority significantly lower injury frequency rate workgroups sample significant differences injury frequency rates workgroups positioned four safety climate types found facets group safety climate workgroups strong high ie strongly supportive safety climates related supervisors safety expectations coworkers actual safety behaviour reported injury frequency rates average twothirds magnitude remaining workgroups sample although limited reliance retrospective insensitive measurement dependent variable ie injury frequency rates research provides preliminary evidence importance considering strength level group safety climates construction industry future research seek replicate extend research examining antecedents group safety climate strength level construction context | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-010-1507-6 |
Victor L. Willson|Jan N. Hughes | Retention of Hispanic/Latino students in first grade: Child, parent, teacher, school, and peer predictors | 2,006 | Texas A&M University|Texas A&M University | sample 283 hispanic children literacy performance entrance first grade median school district studied part larger research project predictors grade retention grade 1 following retention decisions 51 hispanic students retained first grade low literacy skills young entrance first grade low ego resilience low support teacherstudent relationship parents low sense responsibility childrens educational outcomes predicted retention decisions hierarchical logistics regression investigated contribution six categories variables academic competencies sociodemographic characteristics social emotional behavioral adjustment resiliency school context home environment retention controlling literacy young grade parents low sense responsibility childrens adjustment school made direct contribution retention early literacy skills higher children enrolled bilingual classrooms children nonbilingual classrooms implications educational policy discussed | https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-089x(72)90084-1 |
Joanna J. Bryson|Yumiko Ando|Hagen Lehmann | Agent-based modelling as scientific method: a case study analysing primate social behaviour | 2,007 | University of Bath|University of Bath|University of Bath | scientific methodology general provide two things first means explanation second mechanism improving explanation agentbased modelling abm method facilitates exploring collective effects individual action selection explanatory force model extent observed metalevel phenomenon accounted behaviour microlevel actors article demonstrates methodology applied biological sciences agentbased models like scientific hypotheses tested critiqued generalized specified review state art abm methodology biology present case study based widely published agentbased model biological sciences hemelrijks domworld model primate social behaviour analysis shows significant discrepancies model behaviour macaques genus used analysis also demonstrate model fragile results still valid extended compensate problems robustness standard advantage experimentbased artificial intelligence modelling techniques analytic modelling | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9894-3 |
Michael Ungar|Patrick Russell|Gerry Connelly | School-Based Interventions to Enhance the Resilience of Students | 2,014 | Dalhousie University|Learning Partnership | scoping review programs targeting middle school students suggests resilience seldom result interventions within schools alone single system provides services studentsinstead resilience shown multidimensional construct involving exposure risk access multiple internal external resourcesbased scoping review outcomes 36 interventions highlight elements successful programs vulnerable students reasons programs appear less effective negative impactless successful programs tended include cultural component show sensitivity contextual variations among students like size community access services supports economic status childs familythe biases funders researchers educators also influence choice resiliencepromoting intervention made available school rather specific needs targeted student populationwe conclude several recommendations effective interventions students implications findings evaluation program outcomes | https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.196715 |
Wendy Duggleby|Jenny Ploeg|Carrie McAiney|Kathryn Fisher|Kathya Jovel Ruiz|Sunita Ghosh|Shelley Peacock|Maureen Markle?Reid|Allison Williams|Jean Triscott|Jennifer Swindle | A Comparison of Users and Nonusers of a Web-Based Intervention for Carers of Older Persons With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: Mixed Methods Secondary Analysis | 2,019 | University of Alberta|McMaster University|University of Waterloo|McMaster University|University of Alberta|Alberta Health Services|University of Saskatchewan|McMaster University|McMaster University|University of Alberta|University of Alberta | selfadministered webbased intervention developed help carers persons alzheimer disease related dementias adrd multiple chronic conditions mcc deal significant transitions experience intervention tools 4 care mt4c evaluated pragmatic mixed methods randomized controlled trial 199 carers intervention group received free passwordprotected access mt4c three months mt4c found increase hope participants three months compared control group however intervention group 22 2092 use mt4c threemonth periodthis mixed methods secondary analysis aimed 1 examine differences three months outcomes hope selfefficacy healthrelated quality life hrqol scores users ie used mt4c least threemonth period compared nonusers 2 identify reasons nonusedata treatment group pragmatic mixed methods randomized controlled trial used audiotaped telephone interviews trained research assistants collected data participants hope herth hope index hhi selfefficacy general selfefficacy scale gses hrqol shortform 12item health survey version 2 sf12v2 baseline one month three months treatment group participants also provided feedback mt4c qualitative telephone interviews one month three months analysis covariance used determine differences three months generalized estimating equations used determine significant differences hhi gses sf12v2 users nonusers mt4c baseline three months interview data analyzed using content analysis integrated quantitative data result stageof 101 participants baseline 9 9 withdrew study leaving 92 participants three months 72 78 used mt4c least 20 22 participants use baseline statistically significant differences demographic characteristics outcome variables hhi gses sf12v2 mental component score physical component score users nonusers three months participants used mt4c least threemonth period users reported higher mean gses scores p003 nonusers time users significantly higher gses scores nonusers p048 reasons nonuse mt4c included following caregiving demands problems accessing mt4c poor connectivity computer literacy navigation mt4c preferences paper format facetoface interactionwebbased interventions mt4c potential increase selfefficacy carers persons adrd mcc future research mt4c consider including educational programs computer literacy providing alternate ways access mt4c addition webbased accessclinicaltrialsgov nct02428387 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2shownct02428387 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0316-9 |
Andrea Caposecco|Louise Hickson|Carly Meyer | Assembly and Insertion of a Self-Fitting Hearing Aid | 2,011 | University of Queensland|Australian Hearing|University of Queensland|Australian Hearing|University of Queensland|Australian Hearing | selffitting hearing aid proposed viable option meet need rehabilitation areas audiology services unreliable successful outcome selffitting hearing aid pivots part clarity instructions accompanying device aims article review literature determine features incorporated written healthcare materials factors consider design process developing written instructions target audience older adults b apply information development set written instructions first step selffitting hearing aid assembling four parts inserting aid ear method involved literature review published peer reviewed research literature revealed four steps development written healthcare materials planning design assessment suitability pilot testing best practice design principles step applied development instructions assemble insert hearing aid separate booklets developed left right aids content consisted simple line drawings accompanied captions reading level grade 35 equivalent flesch reading ease score 911 indicating materials easy read essential follow best practice design principles developing written healthcare materials motivate reader maximize comprehension increase likelihood successful application content | https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650602700205 |
Elizabeth Convery|Gitte Keidser|Lisa Hartley|Andrea Caposecco|Louise Hickson|Carly Meyer | Management of Hearing Aid Assembly by Urban-Dwelling Hearing-Impaired Adults in a Developed Country | 2,011 | National Acoustic Laboratories|National Acoustic Laboratories|National Acoustic Laboratories|University of Queensland|University of Queensland|University of Queensland | selffitting hearing aid designed assembled programmed without audiological computer support could bring amplification millions people developing countries remain unaided due lack local professional audiological infrastructure ability assemble insert hearing aid fundamental successful use selffitting device study management tasks investigated eighty older urbandwelling hearingimpaired adults developed country asked follow set written illustrated instructions assemble two slimfit behindtheear hearing aids participants allowed access assistance task accompanying partner range personal audiometric variables measured use structured questionnaires standardized tests health literacy cognitive function manual dexterity results showed 99 participants able complete hearing aid assembly task either assistance health literacy ability read understand healthrelated text gender strongly influenced participants ability complete assembly task independently accurately higher levels health literacy associated increased likelihood independent successful task completion male participants likely complete task female participants likely assemble device without errors results study inform future work regarding development educational material selffitting hearing aid well candidacy device | https://doi.org/10.1348/000709909x424411 |
James Musyoka|R. D. Stern|David Stern | Open educational resources for statistics teaching | 2,017 | Maseno University|Centre for Sustainable Energy|Statistical Service | series papers conference built african data initiative adi started improve statistical literacy understanding one immediate deliverables initiative new statistical software free easytouse open source encourages good statistical practice show software together open educational resources used improve statistics teaching demonstrated using undergraduate course offered 300 students maseno university kenya resources include elearning course called esms statistics made simple electronic statistics book called computer assisted statistics textbook cast course also made extensive use moodle enable blended approach undertaken | https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011181 |
Nancy Sohler | Income Inequality and Infant Mortality in New York City | 2,003 | Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center | series studies demonstrated people live regions disparities income poorer average health status people live economically homogeneous regions test whether disparities might explain health variations within urban areas examined possible association income inequality infant mortality zip code regions within new york city using data 1990 census new york city department health infant mortality income inequality percentage income received poorest 50 households varied widely across regions range infant mortality 062961000 live births range income inequality 127273 increase one standard deviation income inequality associated increase 080 deaths1000 live births p001 controlling socioeconomic factors finding important implications public health practice social epidemiological research large urban areas face significant disparities health social economic conditions | https://doi.org/10.2196/18595 |
Jeffry A. Coady|Richard ?. Aslin | Young children’s sensitivity to probabilistic phonotactics in the developing lexicon | 2,004 | University of Rochester|University of Rochester | series three experiments examined childrens sensitivity probabilistic phonotactic structure reflected relative frequencies speech sounds occur cooccur american english children ages 212 312 years participated nonword repetition task examined sensitivity frequency individual phonetic segments frequency combinations segments partialling ease articulation lexical variables groups children repeated higher phonotactic frequency nonwords accurately low phonotactic frequency nonwords suggesting sensitivity phoneme frequency addition sensitivity individual phonetic segments increased age finally older children younger children sensitive frequency larger diphone units results suggest young children sensitive finegrained acousticphonetic information developing lexicon also sensitivity aspects sound structure increases development implications acoustic nature developing mature lexical representations discussed | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00618.x |
Benjamin Toff|Rasmus Kleis Nielsen | “I Just Google It”: Folk Theories of Distributed Discovery | 2,018 | University of Oxford|University of Minnesota|University of Oxford | significant minority people follow news regularly growing number rely distributed discovery especially social media search engines stay informed analyze folk theories news consumption basis inductive analysis 43 indepth interviews infrequent users conventional news identify three complementary folk theories news finds information dont know believe consumers draw making sense information environment show notion folk theories help unpack different complementary sometimes contradictory cultural resources people rely navigate digital media public affairs argue studying rarely engage directly news media access information via social media search provides critical case study dynamics environment increasingly defined platforms | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2009.11.005 |
Simon E. Fisher|Claudia K. Y. Lai|Anthony P. Monaco | DECIPHERING THE GENETIC BASIS OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS | 2,003 | Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics|University of Oxford|Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics|University of Oxford|Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics|University of Oxford | significant number individuals unexplained difficulties acquiring normal speech language despite adequate intelligence environmental stimulation although developmental disorders speech language heritable genetic basis likely involve several possibly many different risk factors investigations unique threegeneration family showing monogenic inheritance speech language deficits led isolation first gene chromosome 7 encodes transcription factor known foxp2 disruption gene causes rare severe speech language disorder appear involved common forms language impairment recent genomewide scans identified least four chromosomal regions may harbor genes influencing latter chromosomes 2 13 16 19 molecular genetic approach potential dissecting neurological pathways underlying speech language disorders investigations beginning | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247520 |
Stephen Machin|Sandra McNally|Martina Viarengo | Changing How Literacy Is Taught: Evidence on Synthetic Phonics | 2,018 | London School of Economics and Political Science|London School of Economics and Political Science|University of Surrey|Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies | significant number people low levels literacy many oecd countries paper studies national change policy practice england refocused teaching reading around synthetic phonics lowcost intervention targeted pedagogy existing teachers evaluate pilot first phase national rollout strong initial effects tend fade average persist children higher initial propensity struggle reading result program helped narrow gap disadvantaged pupils groups jel i21 i24 i28 | https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8598.153816 |
Camillo Lamanna|Lauren M. Byrne | Should Artificial Intelligence Augment Medical Decision Making? The Case for an Autonomy Algorithm | 2,018 | University of Cape Town|University of Sydney | significant proportion elderly psychiatric patients capacity make health care decisions suggest machine learning technologies could harnessed integrate data mined electronic health records ehrs social media order estimate confidence prediction patient would consent given treatment call process | https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)00159-n |
Christopher R. Carpenter|Erica Shelton|Susan A. Fowler|Brian Suffoletto|Timothy F. Platts?Mills|Richard E. Rothman|Teresita M. Hogan | Risk Factors and Screening Instruments to Predict Adverse Outcomes for Undifferentiated Older Emergency Department Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta?analysis | 2,015 | Washington University in St. Louis|Johns Hopkins University|Washington University in St. Louis|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Johns Hopkins University|University of Chicago | significant proportion geriatric patients experience suboptimal outcomes following episodes emergency department ed care risk stratification screening instruments exist distinguish vulnerable subsets prognostic accuracy varies systematic review quantifies prognostic accuracy individual risk factors edvalidated screening instruments distinguish patients less likely experience shortterm adverse outcomes like unanticipated ed returns hospital readmissions functional decline deatha medical librarian two emergency physicians conducted medical literature search pubmed embase scopus central clinicaltrialsgov using numerous combinations search terms including emergency medical services risk stratification geriatric multiple related mesh terms hundreds combinations two authors handsearched relevant specialty society research abstracts two physicians independently reviewed abstracts used revised quality assessment diagnostic accuracy studies instrument assess individual study quality two qualitatively similar studies identified metaanalysis conducted using metadisc software primary outcomes sensitivity specificity positive likelihood ratio lr negative likelihood ratio lr predictors adverse outcomes 1 12 months ed encounters hypothetical testtreatment threshold analysis constructed based metaanalytic summary estimate prognostic accuracy one outcomea total 7940 unique citations identified yielding 34 studies inclusion systematic review studies significantly heterogeneous terms country outcomes assessed timing posted outcome assessments studies occurred ed settings none used published clinical decision rule derivation methodology individual risk factors assessed included dementia delirium age dependency malnutrition pressure sore risk selfrated health none risk factors significantly increased risk adverse outcome lr range 078 284 absence dependency reduces risk 1year mortality lr 027 nursing home placement lr 027 five constructs frailty evaluated none increased decreased risk adverse outcome three instruments evaluated metaanalysis identification seniors risk triage risk screening tool variables indicative placement risk none instruments significantly increased lr range various outcomes 098 140 decreased lr range 053 111 risk adverse outcomes test threshold 3month functional decline based accurate instrument 42 treatment threshold 61risk stratification geriatric adults following ed care limited lack pragmatic accurate reliable instruments although absence dependency reduces risk 1year mortality individual risk factor frailty construct risk assessment instrument accurately predicts risk adverse outcomes older ed patients existing instruments designed risk stratify older ed patients accurately distinguish high lowrisk subsets clinicians educators policymakers use instruments valid predictors posted adverse outcomes future research derive validate feasible ed instruments distinguish vulnerable elders employ published decision instrument methods examine contributions alternative variables health literacy dementia often remain clinically occult | https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.3 |
Alicia Fernández|Dean Schillinger|E. Margaret Warton|Nancy E. Adler|Howard H. Moffet|Yael Schenker|María Victoria Salgado|Ameena T. Ahmed|Andrew J. Karter | Language Barriers, Physician-Patient Language Concordance, and Glycemic Control Among Insured Latinos with Diabetes: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE) | 2,010 | University of California, San Francisco|San Francisco General Hospital|Kaiser Permanente|Kaiser Permanente|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco|Kaiser Permanente|Kaiser Permanente | significant proportion us latinos diabetes limited english proficiency lep whether language barriers health care contribute poor glycemic control unknownto assess association limited english proficiency lep glycemic control whether association modified languageconcordant physiciancrosssectional observational study using data 20052006 diabetes study northern california distance patients received care managed care setting interpreter services selfreported english language ability spanish language ability physician outcome poor glycemic control glycosylated hemoglobin a1c 9the unadjusted percentage patients poor glycemic control similar among latino patients lep n 510 latino englishspeakers n 2683 higher groups whites n 3545 21 vs 18 vs 10 p 0005 relationship differed significantly patientprovider language concordance p 001 interaction lep patients languagediscordant physicians n 115 likely lep patients languageconcordant physicians n 137 poor glycemic control 278 vs 161 p 002 controlling potential demographic clinical confounders lep latinos languageconcordant physicians similar odds poor glycemic control latino english speakers 089 ci 053149 whereas lep latinos languagediscordant physicians greater odds poor control latino english speakers 176 ci 104297 among lep latinos language discordant physician associated significantly poorer glycemic control 198 ci 103380language barriers contribute health disparities among latinos diabetes limited english proficiency independent predictor poor glycemic control among insured us latinos diabetes association observed care provided languageconcordant physicians future research determine strategies increase languageconcordant care improve glycemic control among us latinos lep | https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.66.12.1180 |
Rein Taagepera | The size of national assemblies | 1,972 | University of California, Irvine | simple model presented express size national provincial assemblies terms size total population degree social mobilization basic assumption efficiency optimized number communication channels within assembly equals number interest aggregation channels constituency adult literacy taken measure social mobilization leads equation 2lwp013n assembly size lw fraction literate adults total population p0 n term representing effects factors model valid worldwide average log n zero range small compared range log indeed | https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.48.339 |
Eva Janssen|Robert A. C. Ruiter|Erika A. Waters | Combining risk communication strategies to simultaneously convey the risks of four diseases associated with physical inactivity to socio-demographically diverse populations | 2,017 | Maastricht University|Maastricht University|Washington University in St. Louis | single risk factor increase risk developing multiple diseases risk communication research conducted context single disease explored combination three recommended risk communication strategies effective simultaneously conveying risk estimates four diseases associated physical inactivity colon cancer stroke diabetes heart disease participants n 1161 50 college experience 50 racialethnic minority shown hypothetical risk estimates four diseases four diseases placed varying heights 1 12 vertical bar charts ie risk ladders indicate respective probabilities risk ladders varied 2 risk reduction information presentabsent 2 numerical format wordswords numbers 3 social comparison information nonesomewhat higher averagemuch higher average full factorial design participants randomly assigned view one risk ladders completed questionnaire assessing message comprehension message acceptance physical activityrelated risk efficacy beliefs physical activity intentions higher message acceptance found among 1 people received risk reduction information versus p 01 2 people receive social comparison information versus told higher average risk p 03 absolute cognitive perceived risk developing diseases shown picture higher among people receive social comparison information p 03 main effects interactions demographic variables found combining recommended risk communication strategies improve impair key cognitive affective precursors health behavior change might necessary provide people extensive information communicating risk estimates multiple diseases | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00577-8 |
Sunil Kumar Raina|Vishav Chander|Sujeet Raina|Dinesh Kumar | Feasibility of using everyday abilities scale of India as alternative to mental state examination as a screen in two-phase survey estimating the prevalence of dementia in largely illiterate Indian population | 2,016 | Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College|Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College|Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College|Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College | situation analysis report elderly india shows literacy rate persons aged 60 36 using hmse modification first phase two phase study estimate prevalence dementia population must read caution tests literacy dependent conducted post hoc analysis explore feasibility using easi alternative hmse modifications first phase screen two phase surveys estimate prevalence dementiaa post hoc analysis conducted data obtained study conducted elderly population 60 years selected geographical areas migrant urban rural tribal himachal pradesh state northwest india corelation coefficient used establish strength association easi hmse modification therefore feasibility using alternativeas scores easi rise scores hmse fall pointing identification clinical diagnosis ie dementia pearson correlation coefficient 252 found statistically significanteasi may used alternative mental state examination | https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s113912 |
Marvellous A. Akinlotan|Jane N. Bolin|Janet Helduser|Chinedum O. Ojinnaka|Anna Lichorad|David A. McClellan | Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers and Risk Factor Knowledge Among Uninsured Women | 2,017 | Texas A&M Health Science Center|Texas A&M Health Science Center|Texas A&M Health Science Center|University of Missouri Health System|University of Missouri|Texas A&M Health Science Center|Texas A&M Health Science Center | steady decline cervical cancer incidence mortality united states attributed increased uptake cervical cancer screening tests papanicolau pap tests however disparities pap test compliance exist may due part perceived barriers lack knowledge risk factors cervical cancer study aimed assess correlates cervical cancer risk factor knowledge examine sociodemographic predictors selfreported barriers screening among group lowincome uninsured women survey procedure data 433 women received grantfunded cervical cancer screenings span 33 months examined project data included demographics knowledge risk factors agreement potential barriers screening descriptive analysis showed significant correlation educational attainment knowledge risk factors r 01381 p 001 multivariate analyses revealed compared whites hispanics increased odds identifying fear finding cancer 156 95 ci 100243 language barriers 472 95 ci 262850 male physicians 216 95 ci 132355 barriers hispanics 199 95 ci 116344 blacks 206 95 ci 115368 twofold increase odds agreeing lack knowledge barrier identified barriers varied age marital status previous screening programs aimed conducting free subsidized screenings medically underserved women include culturally relevant education patient care order reduce barriers improve screening compliance safetynet populations | https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.494257 |
Renuka Jayatissa|Aberra Bekele|Chandrani Piyasena|Senarath Mahamithawa | Assessment of Nutritional Status of Children under Five Years of Age, Pregnant Women, and Lactating Women Living in Relief Camps after the Tsunami in Sri Lanka | 2,006 | Medical Research Institute | strong earthquake hit aceh december 26 2004 triggered powerful tsunami resulting unprecedented catastrophe sri lanka initial phase disaster marked limited access food coupled inadequate supply safe water poor environmental hygiene sanitation placed children increased risk undernutritionto assess nutritional status children five years age pregnant women lactating women residing 40 relief camps tsunamia crosssectional 30cluster study performed thirty children five cluster camp pregnant lactating women selected camps studied data collected interviews primary caregivers children interviews key informants camps direct observation focus group discussions mothers weight height length measured children pregnant women midupperarm circumference lactating women measureda total 878 children assessed 161 202 347 wasted stunted underweight respectively prevalence indicator higher boys girls 2 weeks survey 695 children acute respiratory tract infections 179 diarrhea although general food distribution well place food supply lacked diversity 709 children get appropriate supplementary food prevalence undernutrition among pregnant women n 168 37 thirtyone percent lactating women n 97 underweight 20 overweightthe prevalence acute chronic undernutrition among children camps significantly higher national sri lankan average need establish nutritional surveillance systems monitor nutritional status displaced nondisplaced children mothers | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126400 |
Katie Alcock|Damaris Ngorosho|Cidade de Deus|Matthew Jukes | We don't have language at our house: Disentangling the relationship between phonological awareness, schooling, and literacy | 2,010 | Lancaster University|Harvard University | strong link phonological awareness pa literacy exists origins link difficult investigate since pa skills hard test young preliterate children many studies neither include children report childrens initial literacy levelsto examine pa literacy children attending attending school rural east africaone hundred eight children ages 710 years education grade 1 2 randomly selected community survey children age grouppa skill reading cognitive abilities socioeconomic status examinedimplicit explicit pa skill small large units related letter reading ability effect independent age schooling cognitive ability pa tasks performed chance levels children cannot recognize single lettersbasic pa develops prior attainment literacy learning read improves pa quantitatively qualitatively | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1385-3 |
G Borrini|Paola Dall'Ora|Sergio Della Sala|Lieta Marinelli|Hans Spinnler | Autobiographical memory. Sensitivity to age and education of a standardized enquiry | 1,989 | null | structured enquiry assessing autobiographical memory proposed made three standardized timecued sets questions focusing three life periods adolescence early late adulthood five questions life period standardized testing procedure checking veracity scoring methods described normative data 157 healthy individuals aged 55 converted equivalent scores use enquiry diagnostic purposes education ageing sex appear significant factors efficiency retrieval autobiographic repertoire | https://doi.org/10.1145/800037.800999 |
Christo El Morr|Paul Ritvo|Farah Ahmad|Rahim Moineddin|Mvc Team | Effectiveness of an 8-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Virtual Community Intervention for University Students on Symptoms of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial | 2,020 | York University|York University|York University|Public Health Ontario|University of Toronto | student mental health crisis increasingly acknowledged intensify covid19 crisis given accessibility methods demonstrated efficacy reducing depression anxiety eg mindfulness meditation cognitive behavioral therapy cbt limitations imposed geographic obstructions localized expertise webbased alternatives become vehicles scaledup delivery benefits modest cost mindfulness virtual community mvc webbased program informed cbt constructs featuring online videos discussion forums videoconferencing developed target depression anxiety experiences excess stress among university studentsthe aim study assess effectiveness 8week webbased mindfulness cbt program reducing symptoms depression anxiety stress primary outcomes increasing mindfulness secondary outcome within randomized controlled trial rct undergraduate students large canadian universityan rct designed assess undergraduate students n160 randomly allocated webbased guided mindfulnesscbt condition n80 waitlist control wlc condition n80 8week intervention consisted webbased platform comprising 1 12 videobased modules psychoeducation students preidentified life challenges applied mindfulness practice 2 anonymous peertopeer discussion forums 3 anonymous groupbased professionally guided 20minute live videoconferences outcomes depression anxiety stress mindfulness measured via online survey baseline 8 weeks postintervention using patient health questionnaire9 phq9 beck anxiety inventory bai perceived stress scale pss five facets mindfulness questionnaire short form ffmqsf analyses employed generalized estimation equation methods ar1 covariance structures adjusted possible covariates gender age country birth ethnicity english first language paid work unpaid work relationship status physical exercise selfrated health access private mental health counselingof 159 students provided t1 data 32 males 125 females mean age 2255 years participants mvc n79 wlc n80 groups similar sociodemographic characteristics t1 exception gender weekly hours unpaid volunteer work postintervention followup according adjusted comparisons statistically significant betweengroup reductions depression scores 221 p01 anxiety scores 482 p006 significant increase mindfulness scores 484 p02 compared wlc group statistically significant differences perceived stress mvc 64 p48 compared wlcwith mvc intervention significantly reduced depression anxiety symptoms significant effect perceived stress online mindfulness interventions effective addressing common mental health conditions among postsecondary populations large scale simultaneously reducing current burden traditional counseling servicesisrctn registry isrctn12249616 httpwwwisrctncomisrctn12249616 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.071 |
Sri Wendari A. Hartono|Soertini E. Lambri|W.H. van Palenstein Helderman | Effectiveness of primary school-based oral health education in West Java, Indonesia | 2,002 | null | study west java indicated involvement primary health care personnel schoolteachers oral health education ohe primary schools feasible approach sustainablethe present study aims assess effects schoolbased ohe programme pupils completed programme one half years agoeight experimental six control primary schools area participated study school 10 children aged 812years old randomly selectedanova age gender covariables showed statistically significantly lower 21 habitual plaque scores among children experimental schools compared control schools tooth brushing effectiveness significantly improved among experimental children took longer tooth brushing supervised dmftdmfs values comparable dmftdmfs values children experimental schools tended lower statistically significant control schools differences oral health knowledge apparent selfreported habits pertaining oral health comparable children experimental control schoolsthis schoolbased ohe programme moderate positive effect oral health knowledge habitual plaque levels effectiveness tooth brushing effects caries levels selfreported behaviour inconclusive | https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695816651970 |
Carol Bond | Surfing or still drowning? Student nurses’ Internet skills | 2,010 | Bournemouth University | study student nurses ability use internet published nurse education today 2004 paper repeats research cohort students starting preregistration programme uk university 2007 2004 students reported poor internet skills frequent users internet study students found significantly better ability carry basic tasks significantly higher levels internet use ability apply skills complex information literacy tasks however increased half students saying found far much irrelevant information searching specific information internet earlier study found skills age related appears still case need skills increasing education lifelong learning patient information increasingly drawing developing internet nurse education however integrating skill knowledge base essential support preregistration programmes evidence suggests happen without active management | https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.37.4.444 |
Russell H. Fázio|Benjamin C. Ruisch|Courtney Moore|Javier A. Granados Samayoa|Shelby T. Boggs|Jesse T. Ladanyi | Who is (not) complying with the U. S. social distancing directive and why? Testing a general framework of compliance with virtual measures of social distancing | 2,021 | The Ohio State University|Leiden University|The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University | study involving 2000 online participants us residents tested general framework regarding compliance directive context covid19 pandemic study featured selfreport measure social distancing also virtual behavior measuressimulations presented participants graphical depictions mirroring multiple realworld scenarios asked position relation others scene conceptual framework highlights three essential components directive 1 source entity advocating behavioral change 2 surrounding context directive response challenge 3 target persons directive addressed belief systems relevant three components predicted found relate compliance social distancing directive implications findings public service campaigns encouraging people engage social distancing discussed | https://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2020.49.53 |
Vikas Bajpai|Vinay Kumar|Shashi Kant|Suman Bhasker | A study of factors impacting on the tobacco use patterns and tobacco-related behavior among the lower middle and lower classes in a resettlement colony of Delhi, India | 2,015 | Jawaharlal Nehru University|Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Jawaharlal Nehru University | study factors impacting tobacco use patterns tobaccorelated behavior among lower middle lower classes resettlement colony delhi indiaobjectives study factors impacting tobacco use patterns tobacco related behavior among lower middle lower classes resettlement colony delhimaterials methods study conducted year 2011 months march octoberit done community based cross sectional house house survey resettlement colony south delhi involving interviews present tobacco users per structured interview guide wherein majority questions closed ended open ended questionsresults study enrolled 1698 subjects males constituting 908 sample women constituted 87median age study subjects 37 years mean age 40 yrs87 percent respondents educated less equal higher secondary levelsome salient fi ndings study underoverall smoked smokeless forms tobacco found almost equally used communitywhile 14 males consumed smoked nonsmoked forms tobacco similar percentage among women 1age seemed important determinant form tobacco usedafter controlling literacy levels found variation consumption different forms smoked tobacco statistically signifi cant p 001across different age categorieswhile cigarette smoking commoner among younger age groups beedis popular among older respondentshowever smokeless tobacco commonly used form tobacco among youthage income levels came two important determinants intensity smokingwhile statistically signifi cant increase intensity smoking increasing age p 001there statistically signifi cant decline intensity smoking p 001with rise income levelshowever statistically signifi cant relationship intensity smoking income suffi ciency stability indebtedness statusthere statistically signifi cant decline tobacco expenditure rise income levels decline tobacco consumption among friend circlepeer pressure easy availability among two commonest reasons people get hooked tobacco useafter meals resting happy mood three commonest occasions order people indulged tobacco usageimplications fi ndings discussed detail | https://doi.org/10.2307/3583394 |
Jeanne Teresi|Robert R. Golden|Peter Cross|Barry Gurland|Marjorie Kleinman|David E. Wilder | Item bias in cognitive screening measures: Comparisons of elderly white, Afro-American, Hispanic and high and low education subgroups | 1,995 | Research Applications (United States)|Hebrew Home|New York State Office of Mental Health|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Columbia University|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|New York State Office of Mental Health|Columbia University|New York State Office of Mental Health|Columbia University|New York State Office of Mental Health|Columbia University|New York State Office of Mental Health|Columbia University | study item bias standard cognitive screening measures conducted sample afroamerican hispanic nonhispanic white elderly respondents part dementia case registry study methods itemresponse theory applied identify biased items crosscultural high low education groups examined determine items biased 50 cognitive items examined six widely used cognitive screening measures 16 identified biased either high low education groups ethnicracial group membership | https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.294 |
Lamiya Samad|Chris Hollis|Martin Prince|Robert Goodman | Child and adolescent psychopathology in a developing country: testing the validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Urdu version) | 2,005 | null | study test validity urdu version strengths difficulties questionnaire sdq carried pakistan study population consisted 212 children aged 4 16 years presenting psychiatric case group n 72 paediatric outpatient clinics comparison group n 140 parents children interviewed using extended version sdq case group subjected diagnostic icd10 criteria child psychiatrists blind sdq scores urdu version able discriminate study groups mean difficulties score higher case group mean 217 comparison group mean 144 difference mean difference 73 statistically significant p 001 95 ci 53 93 effect size 11 adequate sensitivity 61 obtained type psychiatric disorder case group using abnormal category sdq symptom scores cutoff simple pencilandpaper algorithm combining symptom impact scores identified children need intervention roc curve analysis showed area curve 070 scores choice optimal cutoffs urdu version discussed copyright 2005 john wiley sons ltd | https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219410378444 |
E. Hemminki|A Paakkulainen | The effect of antibiotics on mortality from infectious diseases in Sweden and Finland. | 1,976 | null | study carried determine whether preexisting decline mortality rates infectious diseases accelerated introduction antibiotic chemotherapeutic drugs linear regression curves showed sweden mortality rates declined faster septicemia syphilis nonmemingococcal meningitis introduction drugs contrast ten infectious diseases studied scarlet fever erysipelas acute rheumatic fever puerperal sepsis meningococcal infection bronchitis pneumonia tuberculosis typhoid fever acute gastroenteritis accelerated decline mortality could detected findings suggest antibiotic chemotherapeutic drugs dramatic effect mortality infectious diseases popularly attributed | https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010428 |
Anjali Nag|Heer Vyas|Pranab Kumar Nag | Gender Differences, Work Stressors and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Weaving Industries | 2,010 | null | study undertaken identify work stressors among male female weavers n516 powerloom handloom examine association work stressors prevalence work related musculoskeletal disorders msds physical psychosocial stresses work job diagnostics hazards workplace working environment msds prevalence assessed high prevalence msds among weavers female weavers powerloom handloom prone developing msds upper back 18 p005 21 p001 lower back 19 p005 18 p005 male weavers prone developing pain knee 29 p0001 hand 22 p005 multivariate analysis indicated job duration 10 yr 37 p005 manual material handling 3 p005 poor machinery safety 11 p005 contributed occurrence msds amongst powerloom weavers among handloom weavers age 25 yr 32 p005 poor machinery design 22 p001 mental overload 57 p0001 skill requirement perform jobs 207 p005 significant influence occurrence pain gender differences exist prevalence msds perception work psychosocial stresses among weavers | https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0111 |
Andrew M. Heitzer|Jamie Piercy|Brittany N. Peters|Allyssa Morgan Mattes|Judith Klarr|Beau Batton|Noa Ofen|Sarah Raz | Cumulative Antenatal Risk and Kindergarten Readiness in Preterm-Born Preschoolers | 2,019 | Wayne State University|Wayne State University|Wayne State University|Wayne State University|Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak|Southern Illinois University School of Medicine|Wayne State University|Wayne State University | suboptimal intrauterine environment thought increase probability deviation typical neurodevelopmental trajectory potentially contributing etiology learning disorders yet cumulative influence individual antenatal risk factors emergent learning skills sufficiently examined sought determine whether antenatal complications aggregate source variability preschoolers kindergarten readiness whether specific classes antenatal risk play prominent role recruited 160 preschoolers 85 girls ages 34 years born 3367 weeks gestation reviewed hospitalization records kindergarten readiness skills assessed standardized intellectual orallanguage prewriting prenumeracy tasks cumulative antenatal risk operationalized sum complications identified nine common risks also grouped four classes followup analyses complications associated intraamniotic infection placental insufficiency endocrine dysfunction uteroplacental bleeding linear mixed model analyses adjusting sociodemographic medical background characteristics socioeconomic status sex gestational age sum perinatal complications revealed inverse relationship sum antenatal complications performance three domains intelligence language prenumeracy p 0003 0002 0005 respectively four classes antenatal risk accounted little variance yet together explained 105 98 84 variance cognitive literacy numeracy readiness domains respectively conclude increase cooccurrence antenatal complications moderately linked poorer kindergarten readiness skills even statistical adjustment perinatal risk | https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700564 |
Florian Custodis|Franziska Rohlehr|Angelika Wachter|Michael Böhm|Martin Schulz|Ulrich Laufs | Medication knowledge of patients hospitalized for heart failure at admission and after discharge | 2,016 | Saarland University|Saarland University|Saarland University|Saarland University|Freie Universität Berlin|Saarland University | substantial aspect health literacy knowledge prescribed medication chronic heart failure incomplete intake prescribed drugs medication nonadherence inversely associated clinical prognosis therefore assessed medication knowledge cohort patients decompensated heart failure hospital admission discharge prospective crosssectional studyone hundred eleven patients presenting emergency department acute decompensated heart failure included mean age 78492 59 men study patients medication knowledge assessed individual interviews baseline course hospitalization 3 months discharge individual responses compared medical records referring general practitionermedian nterminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide plasma concentration overall population baseline 4208 pgml 20237101 pgml interquartile range 20 patients died second third interview number prescribed drugs increased 83 baseline 93 3 months majority patients know correct number drugs medication knowledge decreased continuously baseline third interview baseline 37 n41 patients stated correct number drugs taken whereas 18 n16 knew correct number 3 months discharge p0008 knowledge inversely related nterminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levelsmedication knowledge patients acute decompensated heart failure poor despite care university hospital patients individual medication knowledge decreased discharge study reveals urgent need better strategies improve promote knowledge prescribed medication highrisk patients | https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n9p79 |
Aleksandar Štulhofer|Damir Šoh|Nika Jelaska|Valerio Ba?ak|Ivan Landripet | Religiosity and Sexual Risk Behavior among Croatian College Students, 1998-2008 | 2,011 | University of Zagreb|University of Zagreb|University of Zagreb|University of Zagreb|University of Zagreb | substantial increase religious identification observed european postcommunist countries religiosity associated sexually transmitted infection sti hiv vulnerability among young people article examined impact religious upbringing personal religiosity religiousness sexual risks among university zagreb firstyear undergraduate students using data collected 1998 2003 2008 female participants reported strict religious upbringing less knowledgeable human sexuality women religiousness negatively correlated basic knowledge human sexuality among women contrary expectations significant associations found religious upbringing religiousness condom use measures religiosity however related decreased odds sexual debut among young women case male participants impact religiosity marginal religious upbringing associated negatively sexual literacy sexual debutbut beginning observed period overall religiosity seem substantially reduce sti hivrelated risktaking particularly among men since observed increase proportion sexually active students 1998 2008 period matched increase condom use reducing sti hiv vulnerability among croatian youth remains essential task | https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1049306 |
Irene D. Bos-Touwen|Marieke J. Schuurmans|Evelyn M. Monninkhof|Yvonne Korpershoek|Lotte Spruit-Bentvelzen|Inge Ertugrul-van der Graaf|Niek de Wit|Jaap C.A. Trappenburg | Patient and Disease Characteristics Associated with Activation for Self-Management in Patients with Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Heart Failure and Chronic Renal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study | 2,015 | University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht|University Medical Center Utrecht | substantial proportion chronic disease patients respond selfmanagement interventions suggests one size interventions fit demanding tailored interventions compose individualized strategies aim increase understanding characteristics associated patient activation selfmanagement evaluate whether diseasetranscending crosssectional survey study conducted primary secondary care patients type2 diabetes mellitus dmii chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd chronic heart failure chf chronic renal disease crd using multiple linear regression analysis analyzed associations selfmanagement activation 13item patient activation measure pam13 wide range sociodemographic clinical psychosocial determinants furthermore assessed whether associations determinants pam diseasetranscending testing whether disease effect modifier addition identified determinants associated low activation selfmanagement using logistic regression analysis included 1154 patients 53 response rate 422 dmii patients 290 copd patients 223 hf patients 219 crd patients mean age 696109 multiple linear regression analysis revealed 9 explanatory determinants activation selfmanagement age bmi educational level financial distress physical health status depression illness perception social support underlying disease explaining variance 163 associations except social support disease transcending study explored factors associated varying levels activation selfmanagement results first step supporting clinicians researchers identify subpopulations chronic disease patients less likely engaged selfmanagement increased scientific efforts needed explain greater part factors contribute complex nature patient activation selfmanagement | https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23023 |
Joni Holmes|Annie Bryant|Susan E. Gathercole | Protocol for a transdiagnostic study of children with problems of attention, learning and memory (CALM) | 2,019 | MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit|University of Cambridge|MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit|University of Cambridge|MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit|University of Cambridge | substantial proportion schoolage population experience cognitiverelated learning difficulties children struggle school receive diagnosis yet problems sufficient warrant additional support understanding causes learning difficulties key developing effective prevention intervention strategies struggling learners aim project apply transdiagnostic approach children cognitive developmental difficulties related learning discover underpinning mechanisms learning problemsa cohort 1000 children aged 5 18 years recruited sample consists 800 children problems attention learning memory identified health educational professional 200 typicallydeveloping children recruited schools difficulties children completing assessments cognition including tests phonological processing shortterm working memory attention executive function processing speed parents carers completing questionnaires childs family history communication skills mental health behaviour children invited optional mri brain scan asked provide optional dna sample saliva hypothesisfree datadriven methods used identify cognitive behavioural neural dimensions learning difficulties machinelearning approaches used map multidimensional space cognitive neural behavioural measures identify clusters children shared profiles finally group comparisons used test theories development disorderour multisystems approach identifying causes learning difficulties heterogeneous sample struggling learners provides novel way enhance understanding common complex needs majority children struggle school broad recruitment criteria targeting children cognitive learning problems irrespective diagnoses comorbidities novel make sample unique dataset also provide valuable resource genetic imaging cognitive developmental data scientific community | https://doi.org/10.5038/1936-4660.14.2.1392 |
Judith D. Wilson|Robert Trenary | An investigation of computer literacy as a function of attitude | 1,981 | University of Cincinnati|Western Michigan University | survey fo first second year university students reveals acceptance number misconceptions computers computer applications indicate presence negative attitudes statistical analysis survey supports proposition previous computer experience always corrective unreasonable even hostile attitudes claimed achievement computer literacy sense technical expertise possible populations attitudinal corrections general strategy achieving corrections dependent upon population characteristics | https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.2.164 |
Xavier Font|Lluís Garay|Steve Jones | Sustainability motivations and practices in small tourism enterprises in European protected areas | 2,016 | Leeds Beckett University|Universitat Oberta de Catalunya|Leeds Beckett University | survey around 900 tourism enterprises 57 european protected areas shows small firms involved taking responsibility sustainable previously expected including ecosavings related operational practices also reporting wide range social economic responsibility actions twostep cluster analysis used group firms three groups based motivations sustainable business driven firms implement primarily ecosavings activities commercially oriented legitimization driven firms respond perceived stakeholder pressure report broad spectrum activities lifestyle value driven firms report greatest number environmental social economic activities profile higher business performance average study implications policy programmes promoting sustainability behaviour change based primarily business case argument | https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1204 |
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