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d16b7bad8f5f003164f3a1d8846b738f | What conditions play a role in hearing loss? | Certain conditions, including age, illness, and genetics, may play a role in hearing loss. Modern life has added a host of ear-damaging elements to the list, including some medications and plenty of sources of loud, ongoing noise. |
8731c9a3ee77537c6c7abb18af303830 | How do medications cause hearing loss? | Certain medications can impair hearing or balance. More than 200 drugs and chemicals have a track record of triggering hearing and balance side effects in addition to their disease-fighting abilities. Some antibiotics Some chemotherapy drugs Aspirin Loop diuretics A drug used to treat malaria Several drugs for erectile dysfunction Sudden hearing loss, the rapid loss of 30 decibels or more of hearing ability, can happen over several hours or up to 3 days. |
2f4f0f93fb9c387d242532128643e167 | How can infection or ear wax cause hearing loss? | Infection or ear waxcan block ear canals and lessen hearing. |
b7ef4600ebde3745d0f2e08773e69e50 | What medications are used to treat hearing loss? | Hearing loss caused by infection can often be cleared up with antibiotics. If you think your hearing loss stems from medication use, talk with your doctor about drug options. |
ab0559173d8b2e3ca39e050dccedfd8c | How can I avoid sun damage? | To avoid sun damage: Stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun's burning rays are the strongest. Protect your skin with clothing, a hat, and sunscreen if you go outside. |
7ce2b26479b6a241adeda0928dddb60a | When should I call 911 for my heart failure symptoms? | If he shows any of these signs, get in touch with the doctor's office: Feeling of fullness in the stomach with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or less able to complete daily activities Respiratory infection or cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute) New, irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that goes away with rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in sleep patterns, such as trouble sleeping or feels he needs to sleep a lot more than usual Pees less than usual Gets restless or confused Constant dizziness or lightheadedness Nausea or poor appetite Call 911 if he has: New chest pain or discomfort that is severe and unexpected. It can happen with or without shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness. |
e7af3f7010b2822266d8233e91adfce0 | Can heartburn meds bring on diarrhea? | Over-the-counter medicines you take for heartburn can cause diarrhea. When they do, it can be because they contain magnesium or calcium. If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, you might take a type of drug called a proton pump inhibitor ( PPI). You also might take a PPI if you have an ulcer. It doesn't happen often, but some people who take these drugs get diarrhea. Some have a version caused by a serious bacterial infection called Clostridium difficile ( C. diff). |
ea03276b18648b6bdb5a973906ad5891 | How can antibiotics cause diarrhea? | Doctors don't really understand why antibiotics cause diarrhea. They think it's because the drugs kill bacteria that help your body digest food. Whatever the reason, just about any antibiotic can bring on diarrhea. If yours does, talk to your doctor. He may be able to give you a different one to try. |
0c5952fcab1f0ce41893f9aeb5c09f65 | What does PRICE mean for treating knee pain? | Some common home care techniques for knee pain that control inflammation and help to break the inflammatory cycle are protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation. This regimen is summarized by the memory device PRICE. |
4121891d4892376412342de30c578e30 | How is Osgood-Schlatter disease described and treated? | Osgood- Schlatter Disease Description: Osgood- Schlatter disease occurs in adolescent athletes where repetitive extension of the knee causes inflammation and injury of the tibial tubercle (the bony protrusion at the top of the shin, just below the kneecap). Symptoms: Children suffering from this syndrome report pain at the tibial tubercle. This pain is typically worse when extending the leg. The tibial tubercle is tender to touch and over time begins to protrude more because the chronic inflammation stimulates the bone to grow. Treatment: Osgood- Schlatter disease is a self-limited condition that usually resolves as the the tibial tubercle stops growing with the end of adolescence (at about age 17 in males and age 15 in females). Treatment includes PRICE and NSAID therapy to minimize acute pain from activity. Physical therapy to identify limitations will reduce stress to the tibial tubercle and often includes strength training of the hip and core. In severe cases, splinting the knee for a few weeks may help reduce the pain and halt the inflammation cycle. |
17912bcd97f02afd89607905b3b62804 | How is bursitis described and treated? | Bursitis Description: As a result of trauma, infection, or crystalline deposits, the various bursae of the knee may become inflamed. Symptoms: Acute or chronic trauma causes a painful and often swollen knee from the inflammation of the bursae. A particularly common bursitis is prepatellar bursitis. This type of bursitis occurs in people who work on their knees. It is often referred to as housemaid's knee or carpet layer's knee. Another type of bursitis is anserine bursitis. The anserine bursa is located about 2 inches below the knee along the medial side of the knee. More commonly occurring in the overweight and in women, but also affecting athletes and others, anserine bursitis often causes pain in the region of the bursa and is often worse with bending the knee or at night with sleep. Treatment: Treatment will usually include home care with PRICE therapy and NSAIDs. Severe forms, however, can be treated with periodic steroid injections. |
c21eeeef049136d6a1a1277ade37876b | What bones are in the anatomy of the knee? | Bones The knee joint involves four bones. The thighbone or femur comprises the top portion of the joint. One of the bones in the lower leg (or calf area), the tibia, provides the bottom weight-bearing portion of the joint. The kneecap or patella rides along the front of the femur. The remaining bone in the calf, the fibula, is not involved in the weight-bearing portion of the knee joint but provides ligament attachments for stability. |
ebe0965c6b2cfd111eb45a2b66d50b9e | What is the knee joint's main function? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The knee joint's main function is to bend, straighten, and bear the weight of the body, along with the ankles and hips. The knee, more than just a simple hinged joint, however, also twists and rotates. In order to perform all of these actions and to support the entire body while doing so, the knee relies on a number of structures including bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. |
dfe11701b22548a35267909a8110064d | How is a fluid removal done to diagnose knee pain? | Fluid removal The knee and all bursae of the knee are filled with fluid. If your symptoms suggest infection or crystalline arthritis, such as gout, your physician may remove fluid, with a needle, from the knee. This fluid will then be analyzed to better clarify the diagnosis. Crystals, which suggest crystalline arthritis, often can be seen under the microscope. Infection may also be detected under a microscope by finding bacteria and pus in the fluid. |
133cd199a1dd03be165cbdad1d54953e | What over-the-counter pain medicine is used for knee pain? | Over-the-counter pain medicine: Commonly used pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like naproxen ( Aleve or Naprosyn) and ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin), also play a role in the treatment of knee pain. These drugs directly control pain and, at higher doses, act as anti-inflammatory agents, helping to break the inflammatory cycle. |
f2315794611b3e26bf61f9d24ffad366 | When should you call the doctor for knee pain? | When you are deciding whether to call the doctor about your knee pain, a good rule of thumb exists for most long-term knee injuries. If your symptoms have not gone away after trying a week of PRICE therapy and over-the-counter anti-inflammatory pain meds, you should set up an appointment with your doctor, physical therapist, or a sports medicine orthopaedic (bone and muscle) specialist to further evaluate the pain. This rule can also be applied to new knee injuries that are not disabling. Remember, however, that this rule should only serve as a guide. If you are concerned about the pain, you should call the doctor. |
43fbfd608781671d812f40ddd6bfeef4 | How are X-rays, CT scans, and other tests used to diagnose knee pain? | X-rays, CT scans, and other tests Depending on your particular history and exam, the doctor may suggest X-rays of the knee. X-rays show fractures (broken bones) and dislocations of bones in the knee as well as arthritis and abnormally large or small joint spaces. Rarely, the doctor may order a CT scan (a 3-dimensional X-ray) of the knee to precisely define a fracture or deformity. Both X-rays and CT scans are excellent for diagnosing fractures. They both are also poor, however, at evaluating soft tissue structures of the knee, such as ligaments, tendons, and the menisci. |
8d7c3239823c22cee9c02ddf71a72c3d | When should you go to the hospital for knee pain? | If you are concerned about the pain, you should call the doctor. |
abcc445a8b1dc0347628df8ef8b16c59 | What tendons are in the anatomy of the knee? | Instead of connecting bones to other bones as ligaments do, tendons connect muscles to bones. The two important tendons in the knee are (1) the quadriceps tendon connecting the quadriceps muscle, which lies on the front of the thigh, to the patella and (2) the patellar tendon connecting the patella to the tibia (technically, this is a ligament because it connects two bones). |
b43d30f587882bdadc58c78d629cfe09 | How is arthroscopy used to diagnose knee pain? | This is a surgical procedure where the doctor will place a fiber optic telescope within the knee joint. The arthroscope is attached to a camera that relays real-time images to a video monitor. By doing so, the surgeon may be able to see small particles in the knee or to look more closely at damaged menisci or cartilage. The doctor may also be able to treat damage by shaving down torn cartilage or removing particles from the knee while looking at the inside of your knee on a video monitor. |
11529433abb61b9952eee3b6f5874781 | How are tendon ruptures described and treated? | Tendon Ruptures Description: Both the quadriceps and patellar tendons may rupture partially or completely. A quadriceps tendon rupture typically occurs in recreational athletes older than 40 years (this is the injury former President Clinton suffered while jogging), and a patellar tendon rupture typically occurs in younger people who have had previous tendonitis or steroid injections to the knee. Symptoms: Rupture of either the quadriceps or patellar tendon causes pain (especially when trying to kick or extend the knee). Those people with complete ruptures are unable to extend the knee. The patella is also often out of place either upward (with patellar tendon rupture) or downward (with quadriceps tendon rupture). Treatment: Tendon ruptures require urgent care. They typically need surgical repair, while a partial rupture may be treated with splinting alone. |
cbb4f39ca07367f6950ab66437324261 | What ligaments are in the anatomy of the knee? | The knee includes four important ligaments, all of which connect the femur to the tibia: The anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL) provide front and back (anterior and posterior) and rotational stability to the knee. The medial collateral ligament ( MCL) and lateral collateral ligament ( LCL) located along the inner (medial) and outer (lateral) sides of the knee provide medial and lateral stability to the knee. |
1ccce8291d53d5625aa1091300769582 | What other signs and symptoms of knee pain demand emergency evaluation? | Other signs and symptoms that demand emergency evaluation: Unbearable pain Pain that does not improve with rest Pain that wakes you Drainage Large wounds Puncture wounds Swelling, if you are on a blood thinner (warfarin or Coumadin) or have a bleeding disorder (such as hemophilia) History: Even in today's world of technology, doctors rely on a detailed history and physical exam more than any single test. |
e60ab11786ff4618ae391e4fc7f287d9 | How are sprained and torn cruciate ligaments described and treated? | Sprained and Torn Cruciate Ligaments Description: An anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL) injury is a common sports injury generally caused by a hard stop or a violent twisting of the knee. The posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL) is stronger than the ACL and much less commonly torn. A PCL injury may happen with a serious blow, such as when the knee strikes the dashboard in a car accident; this is why a PCL injury is often associated with other ligament and bone injuries. Symptoms: If you tear your ACL, you may hear a pop. You will also notice your knee give way or become unstable and feel pain that is bad enough that you might feel like vomiting. This will, almost always, be followed by marked knee swelling over the next couple of hours because the ACL bleeds briskly when torn. Treatment: Surgical repair is often recommended for high-level athletes who demand optimal outcomes. Conservative treatment and knee braces may prove sufficient for those who do not demand quite so much from their knees. |
b73a0912f9513430b0848fe445f0c41e | Are there different types of knee pain? | Knee pain, therefore, can arise from the knee itself or be referred from conditions of the hip, ankle, or lower back. All of the following sources of knee pain arise from the knee joint itself. In general, knee pain is either immediate (acute) or long-term (chronic). Acute knee pains can be caused by an acute injury or infection. Chronic knee pain is often from injuries or inflammation (such as arthritis) but can also be caused by infection. |
09e222f2426bbac23f3b198862614554 | How can keeping limber and fit help with knee pain? | Keep Limber, Keep Fit Many knee problems are caused by tight or imbalanced musculature. Stretching and strengthening, therefore, also help to prevent knee pain. Stretching keeps your knee from being too tight and aids in preventing both patellofemoral syndrome and iliotibial band syndrome. Strengthening exercises, particularly of the quadriceps (straight leg raises and leg extensions are among the prescribed exercises), can help prevent knee injury and are essential to reducing arthritis and associated complications. |
dab381d99bc92a53553c1abe658fccc7 | How can you protect your knee? | Protect the Knee Wearing proper protection for the activity at hand can help avoid knee injuries. When playing volleyball or when laying carpet, protecting your knees may include kneepads. When driving, knee protection may include wearing a seatbelt to avoid the knee-versus-dashboard injuries as well as injuries to other parts of your body. |
e521da6488dc66a23f5ab6989b09407f | What happens in a physical exam for knee pain? | Physical exam The doctor will likely have you disrobe to completely expose the knee. If possible, wear shorts to your appointment. The doctor will then inspect the knee and press around the knee to see exactly where it is tender. In addition, the doctor may perform a number of maneuvers to stress the ligaments, tendons, and menisci of the knee and evaluate the integrity of each of these. |
ea711cd5507272a1b5a96aca027ec382 | How is a dislocated kneecap (patella) described and treated? | Dislocated Kneecap (patella) Description: A common injury caused by direct trauma or forceful straightening of the leg, such as an injury that happens when serving in volleyball or tennis. Kneecap dislocation is more common in women, the obese, knock-kneed people, and in those with high-riding kneecaps. Symptoms: If you have this injury, you will notice the patella being out of place and may have difficulty flexing or extending your knee. Treatment: The doctor will move the patella back into place (reduce the dislocation). Even if the patella goes back into place by itself, it needs to be X-rayed for a fracture. After reducing the dislocation and ensuring the absence of a fracture, the doctors will treat these injuries by splinting the knee to allow the soft tissues around the patella to heal followed by strengthening exercises to keep the patella in line. |
f28c5888b2b36f5b9e50c78521df674c | What cartilage are in the anatomy of the knee? | Cartilage Cartilaginous structures called menisci (singular form is "meniscus") line the top of the tibia and lie between the tibia and the 2 knuckles at the bottom of the femur (called the femoral condyles). The menisci's primary job is to provide cushioning for the knee joint. |
3e71bf8eca2a0e218a7450a8e285b610 | What bursae are in the anatomy of the knee? | Bursae Bursae (one is a bursa) are fluid-filled sacs that help to cushion the knee. The knee contains 3 important groups of bursae: The prepatellar bursae lie in front of the patella. The Pes anserine bursae is located on the inner side of the knee about 2 inches below the joint. The infrapatellar bursae are located underneath the patella. |
78f40fd7a6477ef54a0e337a682ab92f | How can staying slim help with knee pain? | Stay Slim Staying slim reduces the forces placed on the knee during both athletics and everyday walking and may, according to some medical research, reduce osteoarthritis. Keeping your weight down may also reduce the number of ligament and tendon injuries for similar reasons. |
e68ce691cc2073eb22720f5b3718bc06 | How can exercising wisely help with knee pain? | Exercise Wisely If you have chronic knee pain, consider swimming or water exercises. In water, the force of buoyancy supports some of our weight so our knees aren't burdened. If you don't have access to a pool or do not enjoy water activities, at least try to limit hard pounding and twisting activities such as basketball, tennis, or jogging. You may find that your aching knees will act up if you play basketball or tennis every day but will not if you limit your pounding sports to twice a week. Whatever you do, respect and listen to your body. If it hurts, change what you are doing. If you are fatigued, consider stopping -- many injuries occur when people are tired. |
361b483ec966a73772700badeb51fdf6 | How is crystalline arthritis (gout and pseudogout) described and treated? | Crystalline Arthritis (gout and pseudogout) Description: These severely painful forms of arthritis are caused by sharp crystals that form in the knee and other joints. These crystals can form as a result of defects in the absorption or metabolism of various natural substances such as uric acid (which produces gout) and calcium pyrophosphate (pseudogout). Treatment: Treatment is aimed at controlling inflammation with anti-inflammatory medications, and at aiding the metabolism of the various chemicals that may lead to crystal formation. |
f742cafadd2e923cc16151559c0bef2d | How is rheumatoid arthritis of the knee described and treated? | Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee Description: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a connective tissue disease of the whole body that affects many joints, often the knee. Symptoms: In addition to knee pain, rheumatoid arthritis may produce morning stiffness and pain in other joints. Treatment: Treatment includes pain medications, anti-inflammatory medications, and prescription drugs (such as Rheumatrex) that are aimed at slowing disease progression. |
e6f508f414405f4695db51efb6fb0a91 | Can people with ocular albinism drive? | Children may have a hard time at school because they can't see things on a blackboard or screen. |
9ab27fcb05e597e69f2370e0d39e450f | Do glasses help people with ocular albinism? | Bifocal glasses, prescription reading glasses, and contact lenses can help with vision. Some people also like using handheld magnifiers. And something as simple as having indoor lighting behind the shoulder instead of in front can help someone with ocular albinism see better. |
e7fefdcd61d8f62c35b62a67052b1505 | What should you know about breaking your nose? | When you've taken a blow to the nose and it's swollen and bleeding, you may wonder whether or not it's broken. If it is, your injury won't be unique. A broken nose (also called a nasal fracture) is the most common type of face injury. Noses stick out, so they're easy to break. It can happen in a car accident, during a sporting event, in a fistfight, or even during a clumsy encounter with a door. You might not be sure if it's broken. |
3a8aec23ab1fd181e78656e47f6907b0 | When should you see a doctor for a broken nose? | If you only have swelling and moderate pain, you may choose to wait to see your doctor. Your symptoms could improve, and you might get better on your own. But see your doctor if 3 to 5 days have passed and you notice any of the following: The pain and swelling aren't getting better. The swelling is gone, but your nose looks crooked. You have a hard time breathing, even after the swelling improves. You're having frequent nosebleeds. You have a fever. |
5c2a10df32660d76dce89cbbd258606f | How is manual realignment done for a broken nose? | If your doctor decides your nose can be fixed without surgery, they'll have to do it within 1 to 2 weeks of your accident. If they wait any longer, the injury will begin to heal on its own, even if the bones are out of place. Your doctor will give you pain medication before the procedure. Then, they'll open your nostrils with a flat tool called a speculum. They'll use special instrument to align your broken bones and cartilage back in place. Your doctor will use packing inside your nose. They'll also put a dressing on the outside. That'll keep your nose in place while it heals. They may give you antibiotics to prevent infection. |
a9ee45b07d83906c9a5621af726ddcf1 | How can you reduce the swelling from a broken nose? | Reduce the Swelling Wrap an ice pack in a towel. Place it on your nose for 10 minutes, then remove for 10 minutes. Repeat. Don't put pressure on the ice pack -- you may hurt your nose. Put an ice pack or cold compress on your nose at least four times per day for the first 2 days after you get hurt. |
6e5bc7d434ee588d3dc8a164694de215 | When is surgery needed for a broken nose? | Your doctor probably will choose this option if your nasal fracture is severe or has gone untreated for more than 2 weeks. The goal is to put your bones back in their proper place and reshape your nose, if necessary. You'll get pain medication for the procedure. You might also have to have nasal surgery to fix any breathing problems. In many cases, you can go home the day of surgery. But you may have to stay home for about a week due to swelling and bruising. |
a43862968c59cfad28f019aadb7b3f28 | How can you stop the bleeding from broken nose? | Do these things until you can get to a doctor: Stop the Bleeding Sit up -- don't lie down or lean back. Your nose needs to stay higher than your heart. Lean forward so that the blood won't run into the back of your throat. Pinch the soft part of your nose with your thumb and index finger, and hold it tightly for 5 minutes. If the bleeding hasn't stopped, pinch your nose again for 10 more minutes. |
d3de96ef4c2eaeb64f66d43a1cfc11fb | What is the treatment for a broken nose? | Get emergency help if you have any of these things in addition to nose pain: A severe headache, neck pain, vomiting, or passing out Hard time breathing Bleeding that won't stop Clear, watery fluid draining from your nose If your doctor confirms that your nose is broken, they'll likely wait for the swelling to go down before deciding whether or not it needs to be fixed. If it does, they'll choose to fix it either with surgery or without. They'll know what's best, based on your injuries. |
34cc7dbae13b2b3f02660ba334e4016e | How can you ease the pain from a broken nose? | Ease the Pain Take over-the-counter pain medicine as directed on the package (like acetaminophen or ibuprofen) as needed. Sleep with your head propped on extra pillows. |
2a70f6f9aa1aebfe61ef212aba9b6b20 | Why do some people with tuberculosis not have symptoms? | That's because the germs that cause this illness can live in your body without making you sick. In fact, most people who get infected with TB are able to fight the germs before they spread. Doctors call this âlatent TBâ infection. |
1e39983f15f40f14164cd43d3e292dbe | How will my doctor help me manage diabetic enteropathy? | Your doctor will probably want to rule out other possible causes of your problem, like diet, medications, or diseases such as a thyroid disorder. If you have diabetic enteropathy, your doctor will try to find ways to help keep your blood sugar stable and control your symptoms. |
d60639dd41540541d70c6f1057e32147 | What is gastroparesis due to diabetes? | If diabetes damages this nerve, the food you eat slows down or stops on its way from the stomach to the small intestine. This is called gastroparesis (or delayed gastric emptying). It's more common in women than men. |
44a1fbf695c547bc0ec35cf89b71d3cd | What GI diseases are common in people with diabetes other than gastroparesis, diabetic enteropathy, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? | Other GI diseases that are more common in people with diabetes include: Hepatitis C (infection of the liver) Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) Hemochromatosis (iron buildup that leads to liver damage) Always see your doctor if you have gut problems that are new or just won't go away. |
6203801828b2a89c99f08ea1a9d92506 | What are symptoms of gastroparesis due to diabetes? | Symptoms include: Feeling full after just a few bites of food Stomach bloating or discomfort after a meal Throwing up, or feeling like you're going to throw up Upper stomach pain Sometimes gastroparesis makes it difficult to control your blood sugar levels. That might be your first sign that you have the disorder. |
47654dda630e8a941cc3b1455011e8c9 | What upper GI problems can be caused by diabetes and what can be done to manage it? | It can cause upper GI problems. Nerve issues in the esophagus may cause heartburn and make it hard for you to swallow. Your doctor will tell you what range you should keep your blood sugar in so you can control these symptoms. He might also prescribe or suggest antacids and the amount you should take. |
efea5a4fd3975dca1039675805d8bbcc | Is there a treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? | There's no specific treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. But your doctor may recommend you keep your blood sugar under control, and he may suggest you lose weight. Or, he might prescribe medication to help your body better use insulin. |
771468e30aea470c16bab058aceb4ad9 | What are the symptoms of diabetic enteropathy? | Diabetes-related damage to nerves in the intestines causes the food you eat to slow down or stop as your body processes it. That leads to constipation, and creates a breeding ground for unhealthy bacteria. As a result, you might have diarrhea (or a combination or constipation/diarrhea, which is the most common symptom of enteropathy). Stool might leak from your rectum, and you may find it hard to control bowel movements. The problem may get worse after you eat. |
c1278f0f3e3ae9b010b6d4506f0aaab2 | How can dopaminergic agents help with treating periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)? | Dopaminergic agents: These drugs increased the levels of an important neurotransmitter (brain chemical) called dopamine, which is important in regulating muscle movements. These medications seem to improve the condition in some people but not in others. Widely used examples are a levodopa/carbidopa combination ( Sinemet) and pergolide ( Permax). |
76ac20ce7d60e5d7c6ba5b892114a8c4 | How can gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists help with treating periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)? | GABA agonists: These agents inhibit release of certain neurotransmitters that stimulate muscle contractions. The result is relaxation of contractions. The most widely used of these agents in PLMD is baclofen ( Lioresal). |
06c5fbcd63296a282c30d8dca4c0ece3 | Why are lutein and zeaxanthin good for your eyes? | Another showed that if you have macular degeneration, which causes damage to the middle of your retina and can take away your central vision, supplements with lutein and zeaxanthin can slow its progress. |
79d58e78651722cf6e2dcdc963bf48e0 | What is a safe upper limit for lutein and zeaxanthin? | Safe upper limit: Researchers have not set an upper limit for either. |
b1de9e9b47bf05a938c062b395554eb8 | Which other vitamins can be mixed with lutein and zeaxanthin? | Note: Many studies combine these two nutrients with others such as vitamins C and E. It may be that the mix of nutrients does more for your eyes than any single one of them. |
007fe42cb1dcaae7d788c53e288c3516 | Which foods contain lutein and zeaxanthin? | Kale (1 cup) 23.8 mg Spinach (1 cup) 20.4 mg Collard greens (1 cup) 14.6 mg Turnip greens (1 cup) 12.2 mg Corn (1 cup) 2.2 mg Broccoli (1 cup) 1.6 mg |
24fe2e83dfc9acaa91d270d90d8800ec | Which foods are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin? | Diets rich in these two nutrients may help hold off age-related eye diseases. For example, one study found that people who ate foods rich in zeaxanthin -- think âgreen veggiesâ like spinach, kale, and broccoli -- may be half as likely to get cataracts. Another showed that if you have macular degeneration, which causes damage to the middle of your retina and can take away your central vision, supplements with lutein and zeaxanthin can slow its progress. Note: Many studies combine these two nutrients with others such as vitamins C and E. It may be that the mix of nutrients does more for your eyes than any single one of them. |
fc61e4e19472082d643afe227611587b | How do lutein and zeaxanthin help protect your eyes? | Lutein and zeaxanthin can help protect your eyes from harmful high-energy light waves like ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Studies suggest that a high level of both in eye tissue is linked with better vision, especially in dim light or where glare is a problem. |
6de3107f5578e7643ca3697ff8c46abc | What happens when you take too much lutein and zeaxanthin? | Potential risks: In excess, they may turn your skin slightly yellow. Research seems to show that up to 20 mg of lutein daily is safe. |
5c581f1269358f04a13dd3943d9df86e | What is the safe upper limit for lutein and zeaxanthin for vision? | Safe upper limit: Researchers have not set an upper limit for either. |
306e6703d19c9f987ff6ec2e6d5f91d2 | What are the potential risks for lutein and zeaxanthin? | Potential risks: In excess, they may turn your skin slightly yellow. Research seems to show that up to 20 mg of lutein daily is safe. |
eb2ebdaf9494ba9273750f0c8effe7b2 | What is the recommended daily allowance for lutein and zeaxanthin for vision? | Recommended daily allowance: No RDA has been set for either nutrient. |
b317dfea0f0a58749b9322972012b5a6 | Why are lutein and zeaxanthin good for my eyes? | Lutein and zeaxanthin can help protect your eyes from harmful high-energy light waves like ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Studies suggest that a high level of both in eye tissue is linked with better vision, especially in dim light or where glare is a problem. |
31a2bc6227832a7548fd6c5fde3bd3c8 | What is the recommended daily allowance for lutein and zeaxanthin? | Recommended daily allowance: No RDA has been set for either nutrient. |
12e75b5521d85649f41b03518a8ad926 | What is a urine phosphate test? | A urine phosphate test measures how much phosphate is in your pee over a 24-hour period. Your doctor might also call it a phosphorous test. |
44de9746605582c79b0c7ee298d25fd7 | How do I prepare for a urine phosphate test? | Results are typically ready within a day, but it could take longer, depending on the lab your doctor uses. In general, higher levels than normal could mean a number of things, including: Not enough potassium in your diet Too much phosphorous in your diet An issue with your parathyroid gland Kidney disease And several things can cause lower-than-normal phosphate levels, like: Not enough phosphorous or vitamin D in your diet Taking insulin Too much potassium in your diet Using antacids for a long time But your age, diet, and gender can affect your phosphate levels, as can pregnancy, exercise, and even the time of year. And different labs have different ways of doing the test. It's best to talk to your doctor about exactly what your results mean. |
4d4609d1afab399f30d8ec8b5b159592 | What can affect the level of phosphate in your body? | In general, higher levels than normal could mean a number of things, including: Not enough potassium in your diet Too much phosphorous in your diet An issue with your parathyroid gland Kidney disease And several things can cause lower-than-normal phosphate levels, like: Not enough phosphorous or vitamin D in your diet Taking insulin Too much potassium in your diet Using antacids for a long time But your age, diet, and gender can affect your phosphate levels, as can pregnancy, exercise, and even the time of year. |
3e728cb20b75a489496fb05dbaecfd55 | How is a urine phosphate test done? | Your doctor gives you a container to collect your urine over a 24-hour period. It may have a substance in it that helps keep the urine stable until it's tested. Your doctor may ask you to keep the container in the refrigerator when you're not using it. |
926a31cf8c9c5555c2510be3d8fddddf | Who needs to get a urine phosphate test? | Your doctor might recommend a urine phosphate test if she thinks you might have an issue with your kidneys or you get kidney stones often. In some cases, the test can offer some clues about why they keep coming back. Calcium and phosphate levels are closely tied, so you may also have this test if other tests show your calcium levels aren't quite right. |
68632133c2581eaffe90ce093e5faba8 | How do you know if you have HIV? | The only way to know for sure is with an HIV test. So get tested if you think you could've gotten the virus, whether or not you have any symptoms. It's also important to see your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if you think you could have been exposed to the virus in the past couple of days. A medication called post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP) can keep you from getting HIV. But you have to take it within 72 hours of when you get the virus for it to work. A doctor can give you a prescription for PEP, and you'll take it once or twice a day for 28 days. |
0cc63a496c90be80a8c201d193a29a3e | What does an electromyography (EMG) measure? | Your muscles move when nerve signals from the brain tell them to get to work. Electromyography measures how well your muscles respond to those signals. If the test picks up a problem, you may be diagnosed with what is called a neuromuscular disorder. |
782d64d08766338bb03661aeec4ad2a4 | What happens during a nerve conduction study (NCS) procedure? | Nerve conduction study: The technician puts electrode patches on your skin over the nerve that may be causing your symptoms. A stimulating electrode sends a mild electrical impulse to the nerve. The other electrodes record the nerve's response. If the signal travels at a slower rate than it should in a healthy nerve, it means the nerve is probably damaged. More tests may be needed to learn whether the nerve can become healthy again. |
1b6731ca1c12469429bd9402c42d14c5 | How can a therapist help my bipolar disorder? | A therapist can help you: Work on your relationships with family, friends, and co-workers Find good ways to manage stress Solve problems at school or work Stick to your bipolar treatment and live a healthy life Get a new perspective on your situation Learn ways to talk to other people about your bipolar disorder Avoid situations that may trigger a manic or depressive episode, such as too little sleep or drug and alcohol use Make a plan for what to do if you become depressed or manic In addition to one-on-one therapy for bipolar disorder, you might want to try couples counseling or family therapy, depending on your situation. |
7b95f1fe490e25a18eb827ffc1624c99 | How should I keep my doctor informed about high blood pressure drugs? | But the more your doctor knows about you, the better he or she can help. Make sure your doctor knows about these things: Other drugs you take, either prescription or over the counter Vitamins or other supplements you take Herbs you might use Alcohol and any recreational drugs you use, or have used Other health problems, especially conditions such as diabetes Other factors in your life that could contribute to high blood pressure, such as difficult family issues, a high-stress job, or a sedentary lifestyle Why is it so important to take your high blood pressure drugs properly? |
994194f35f141e32ec8f70a07ba761e7 | Which pills shouldn't be split? | If a pill has any of these features, don't try to cut it in half: A hard outer coat: Splitting a coated pill can make it harder to swallow and may change the way your body absorbs the medicine. They're extended release: Pills formulated to give you medication slowly throughout the day may lose this capability if split in half. They're capsules: Because they contain powder or gel, capsules have to be taken whole. A small or uneven shape: Some pills are just too difficult to split evenly. |
b7974a81f407f062f15b87b4db471e1d | When is it OK to split a pill? | In general, however, look for these three signs that a pill is safe to split: FDA approval. If the FDA has approved a drug for splitting, it will be printed on the package insert. Thumbs up from your doctor or pharmacist. Before splitting any pill, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist. Scored down the middle. |
2ea4504f455a821fd544827b365ce9aa | How should you split a pill? | They're cheap -- between $3 and $10 at most pharmacies. Some health insurance providers will send them to members for free. Keep it clean. Always wash your hands first. Wash the pill splitter thoroughly after you've done your splitting. |
1ffed6cb3e0781506379d8412e8cbfe0 | What problems can you have with split pills? | Think about these before you decide to try pill splitting: The possibility of an uneven dose: For some drugs, the dose has to be so accurate even a small difference in two halves of a split pill could put your health at risk. Crushed pill issues: Some pills can easily turn to powder. A pile of crumbs will be very difficult to break into two equal doses. Miscommunication: Your doctor may write "1/2 pill" and your pharmacist may see "1 -- 2 pills." Confusion: If you forget to split pills before taking them, you'll take twice as much as your doctor intended. Physical limitations: If a medical condition has made your hands weak or unsteady, or if your vision is impaired, it will be tough to split pills cleanly by yourself. |
6904fbec1fa84c10d0026b8aac93ebfc | Why is iron important when you have UC? | Iron. When you have UC, you might lose iron through bleeding from the sores in your colon. If you don't have enough iron, you can get a condition called anemia, which can make you tired, dizzy, have a fast or irregular heartbeat, and have problems thinking. Your doctor can tell if you don't have enough iron with a blood test. If that's the case, he'll probably recommend you take an iron supplement. |
9ac6f0e2c720ac259d0054e56b8ae887 | How can my UC medicine affect my nutrition? | Finally, some medicines you take to treat ulcerative colitis interfere with your body's ability to absorb and maintain the vitamins and minerals it needs. For instance, corticosteroids such as prednisone can get rid of your body's calcium supply. Drugs like sulfasalazine lower your level of folate, an important B vitamin. |
9e761015b69c0646243f1776920c5ed9 | How can vitamin D help ulcerative colitis? | Even with a well-designed meal plan, you may still need some of these supplements: Vitamin D. You need it to keep your bones strong. It also plays a role in how your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- works. If you have ulcerative colitis, especially if you need steroids, you may be at risk for having low levels of vitamin D. A good source of vitamin D is dairy foods, but a lot of people with UC cut back on dairy to help them curb symptoms of diarrhea. Experts have different views on vitamin D supplements, so ask your doctor if it it's a good idea for you to take them. |
790ea59d79abd7fc6db5a8851db50186 | What is a psychoanalyst? | They can be psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers by training. These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. Psychoanalysts use talk therapy and may recommend medications, too. These can be prescribed by the therapist if they're a psychiatrist or by another doctor. |
312579c9d14d49b9966ae59ab00c72b3 | What should I do before my first visit with a mental health therapist? | Before you schedule that first appointment, you may want to research and ask about a potential therapist's: Treatment approach and philosophy Specialization by age group or particular disorder Education, years in practice, licenses, and professional associations Fees, lengths of sessions, insurance coverage, policies around missed appointments, and office hours Availability in case of an emergency Talk to trusted friends, family, or clergy about professionals they may have seen or know of. |
6e5ad8d81b33e0c4e4f3ee00bcc49aff | What's the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists? | They usually have doctoral degrees ( Ph D or Psy D) and are trained to provide professional counseling on psychological and emotional issues. They may specialize in areas such as marriage counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, or sex therapy. Psychologists don't have medical training, so they're not allowed to prescribe medications -- except in certain states where the legislature has given them prescribing privileges. These professionals are medical doctors who specialize in the treatment of mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. A psychiatrist can prescribe medications. They may hold therapy sessions or work with non-medical therapists to treat you. |
f567ddb12544804a366e4ee7af547477 | What should I look for in a mental health professional? | Besides finding someone who is well qualified, you also want a mental health professional who specializes in treating problems similar to those that you have. You should trust them, even when what they're saying is uncomfortable for you. While you'll usually go for psychotherapy weekly or monthly, psychoanalytic sessions could be several times a week for a while. |
3ae5ba41547a5afb9872d75ce71daf4b | How often do you need to have a fecal occult blood test? | If you decide you want to take fecal occult blood tests, you'll need to do that every year, and also get other tests by your doctor -- flexible sigmoidoscopy (like a colonoscopy but doesn't go as far into your digestive system) and barium enema ( X-rays of the colon after you get an enema made with barium) -- every five years to check for colorectal polyps or cancer. |
eb75ec91ecf3b83386640c620e36198e | How can I take a fecal occult blood test? | There are different kinds of these tests. You can buy some kits at the pharmacy. Or your doctor may give you a home test kit at one of your appointments. They come with instructions. Most list a phone number to call if you have questions. For some tests, you put a special pad or tissue from the kit into the toilet and tell your doctor if it changes color. Other tests require you to collect stool samples on more than one day. You then send the samples, in a special container and envelope, directly to your doctor's office for analysis with a microscope or chemicals. You should use newer âhigh sensitivityâ versions of these tests. |
88ac828676073e27bcdf0870b9871196 | What causes blood to appear in poop? | Blood may show up in your poop because of one or more of the following conditions: Growths or polyps of the colon Hemorrhoids (swollen blood vessels near the anus and lower rectum that can rupture, causing bleeding) Anal fissures (splits or cracks in the lining of the anal opening) Intestinal infections that cause inflammation Ulcers Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Diverticular disease, caused by outpouchings of the colon wall Problems in the blood vessels in the large intestine Meckel's diverticulum, usually seen in children and young adults Gastrointestinal bleeding may be microscopic, so you can't see it. ( Doctors call that âoccultâ blood.) Or you may easily see it as red blood, or black tar-like bowel movements. |
53c98cdd3dadb44e64bec417c0887cc6 | When should you not take a fecal occult blood test? | Don't take the test if you have: Diarrhea Colitis Constipation Diverticulitis Ulcers Hemorrhoid flare-ups Your period Because certain foods can alter some of the tests' results, don't eat these foods for 48 to 72 hours before you take the test: Beets Broccoli Cantaloupe Carrots Cauliflower Cucumbers Grapefruit Horseradish Mushrooms Radishes Red meat (especially meat that is cooked rare) Turnips Vitamin C-enriched foods or beverages You may need to stop taking certain medicines 48 hours before the test. |
a8781ae9785fde2cf2148f63302d8730 | What can you not eat on the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox? | Not allowed: Anything that has to be chewed, processed food, meat, cow's milk, alcohol, salt, or coffee (except in that weekly enema). |
d04d599bbb13d0e3fa7c304b1f178024 | What is the summary for the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox? | The Final Word The Martha's Vineyard Diet is not a healthy approach and may leave you worse off than before. Such a strict program will leave you frustrated. It will not deliver the long-term effects you're looking for. The only positive thing that the diet has going for it is the focus on vegetables. Eating a wide variety of vegetables is an excellent strategy for getting your health in order. But skip this plan and find another that focuses on lowering calories through a well-rounded diet and exercise program that works for you. |
c29ed5caf5e2c299287a3b118eb8b47b | What can you eat on the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox? | De Luz has detoxers stick to water, herbal tea, juices you make from organic vegetables and fruits, homemade soups, and powdered antioxidant berry and green drinks she sells on her web site. In a typical day, you will drink 40-48 ounces of water, 32-40 ounces of herbal tea, 16 ounces of vegetable-based soup, and 32 ounces of either a green drink made from vegetables, vegetable juice, or a berry drink. |
0cb7c615e7f26886facc8fe4a7b50b6f | How well does the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox work? | There are no known health benefits to the diet, supplements, products, and techniques that De Luz recommends in her book, such as not chewing, coffee enemas, and laxatives. Despite the popularity of âcolonicsâ in recent years, they don't make you healthier. There's no reason to detoxify your body, as it takes care of that on its own. It may even be harmful for some people. |
6368b453d99a2594936b05e9b220ac1e | What is rheumatic fever? | A rare but potentially life-threatening disease, rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat caused by bacteria called group A streptococcus. The main symptoms -- fever, muscle aches, swollen and painful joints, and in some cases, a red, lattice-like rash -- typically begin two to four weeks after a bout of strep. In some cases, though, the infection may have been too mild to have been recognized. |
29c63db667fab7138d011f31171d3126 | What should you check on the label on skin lightening products? | Make sure there is no mercury in the product. Mercury is sometimes listed under other names, such as calomel, mercuric, mercurous, or mercurio. Make sure an over-the-counter skin lightener with hydroquinone has no more than 2% of that chemical. If a label lists hydroquinone but doesn't say how much it contains, don't assume it's safe to use. Some foreign products contain more hydroquinone than is allowed in the U. S. and some labels may not be accurate. If you have any questions about a product you are considering, talk with your doctor or pharmacist to be certain it's safe. |
ab51c4c9a1f7ca7b0653af83aa66774f | What are skin lightening products? | Skin lightening products -- also known as bleaching creams, whiteners, skin brighteners, or fading creams -- work by reducing a pigment called melanin in the skin. Most people who use lighteners do so to treat skin problems such as age spots, acne scars, or discoloration related to hormones. It is also a technique used to lighten naturally dark skin. |
a92f37ef73a09673db018da0e1de02ea | What problems can skin lightening cause? | Long-term use may increase the risk of skin cancer from sun exposure. Always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen when using a skin lightener and going outside. Steroids in some skin lighteners may increase risk for skin infections, skin thinning, acne, and poor wound healing. Applying steroids to large areas of skin may put you at risk for health problems related to steroid being absorbed by the body. Hydroquinone may cause unwanted and untreatable skin discoloration (ochronosis). Various bleaching agents, including natural ingredients, can cause skin irritation or allergic reaction. |
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