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9401c2ccbbefa0c1bc587f9b27105a35
|
How do lower leg and foot prosthetic devices work?
|
It uses feedback from sensors to adjust joint movement, making walking more efficient and reducing the risk of falls. A number of factors are involved in choosing a prosthesis. The prosthesis is designed for one heel height only.
|
45c94343cfcbc6c69a8b83969ccf9a1f
|
What kind of tools should people with diabetes use to clean toenails or remove calluses?
|
You don't want to step on rocks, tacks, or small pieces of glass that could cut your feet. You can use a pumice stone to gently smooth your heels after taking a shower or bath. Ask your podiatrist or doctor to remove it safely.
|
409035a45e8ab416d72855fe55246cc0
|
What should I do if I am diabetic and think I have a foot infection?
|
If you think you've gotten an infection, tell your doctor right away. Nails that seem thicker, yellow, changed in shape, striped, or not growing normally could be a sign of an injury or infection.
|
699c085e09f7abd8812f067e12b8decb
|
How can you prevent ingrown toenails?
|
This could cause an ingrown toenail. They often develop on the balls of your feet or the bottoms of your toes.
|
186c367988df1fed14b944b8ac16459d
|
What should I do if I am diabetic and think I have an ulcer?
|
Watch for dry, cracking skin on your feet, toes, and heels. Don't let the corners of your toenails grow into the skin. Tell your doctor if you think you have one.
|
312306c06a4a780a4f05ad61bc0ba88f
|
What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?
|
Potassium also: Moves nutrients into your cells and takes waste out Counters the effects of sodium, which can help your blood pressure Your kidneys control how much potassium is in your body by filtering any excess out of your blood. Having too much potassium in the body can alter the heart's rhythm.
|
a40f29c714a63434e37ff916196adc1f
|
What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
|
Potassium also: Moves nutrients into your cells and takes waste out Counters the effects of sodium, which can help your blood pressure Your kidneys control how much potassium is in your body by filtering any excess out of your blood. Adults should get at least 4,700 milligrams of potassium every day. If you have a low potassium level, you can get muscle weakness and cramps.
|
c0f4492f8fe9b6da749a2852c1ce9d7e
|
What are common side effects of Viekira Pack for hepatitis C?
|
Other treatment options include: daclatasvir ( Daklinza); ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir plus dasabuvir, ( Viekira Pak) ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir ( Technivie); or some combinations of simeprevir ( Olysio); sofosbuvir ( Sovaldi); peginterferon or ribavirin. During treatment, you may notice: Fatigue Nausea Itching Skin reactions Insomnia Weakness Severe liver injury if given to someone who already has severe liver disease If you use it with ribavirin, watch out for skin redness or rash.
|
38c28b47a4abc9357a0cb2fe83c849f7
|
What can do to ease the side effects of hepatitis C treatment?
|
It could also cause: Fatigue Headache If your doctor prescribes ribavirin along with it, you may also have diarrhea, an upset stomach, and trouble sleeping. Try to take it the same day at the same time. Check with your doctor before you take any. Some -- such as high doses of vitamins, like A and D, or minerals like iron -- can hurt your liver. Eat smaller, healthier meals and skip spicy, acidic foods. Ask your doctor about medications that might help ease nausea or diarrhea. Use moisturizing soaps and lotions to help with dry skin. Don't take long, hot showers or baths. For a dry mouth or sour mouth, brush your teeth often and suck on sugar-free candies. Drink lots of water.
|
14f1e9d9dc43434f24bfa8012694e849
|
How can you practice mindfulness?
|
Here's how to be mindful when you have a few minutes to yourself and don't need to concentrate on a more pressing task (like driving): First, pause and focus on your body. Notice what you see and hear. Also, check what you smell, taste, and feel. Don't label these sensations as good or bad. Just let them go. Then narrow your focus. Give each part of your body a moment of your full attention. Next, be more intent on your breath. Where in your body do you feel it most? When your mind wanders (and it will), simply return to your breath. There's no need to beat yourself up for losing focus.
|
fc42de8ec43952ed29bf3a87f86db5f4
|
Why should I practice mindfulness?
|
You're on autopilot, for instance, when you back out of your driveway and head to work on a Saturday when you meant to go to the park. Let's say you find yourself eating a bag of chips in front of the TV -- your evening pattern. Being mindful can help you break free from the autopilot trance and take a moment to make a different choice. You could trade the chips for carrots, or decide to skip TV and take a walk around the block instead. Does the activity you're doing make your body feel good while you're doing it?
|
20819794d7c616d48058fa2da0f1bef7
|
Can mindfulness help you get in shape?
|
Here's how to be mindful when you have a few minutes to yourself and don't need to concentrate on a more pressing task (like driving): First, pause and focus on your body. How do you exercise mindfully? Tune in to how your body feels. Are your muscles tense? Do you feel antsy? Does the activity you're doing make your body feel good while you're doing it? If the exercise targets a certain body part, how does that part feel while you're doing it? Notice your thoughts about how you're moving. Are the thoughts encouraging?
|
fea495dcf509b181341640579f044ce8
|
What are late side effects from radiation therapy?
|
Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do. But not everyone will have them.
|
19d695d445c8a7db1ca4daa019bc36e9
|
What are some late side effects of radiation therapy?
|
It's important to talk with her about how the treatment might make you feel and what you can do to feel better. Be gentle with your skin: Don't wear tight clothing over the area that's being treated. These problems happen when radiation damages your body. For example, scar tissue can affect the way your lungs or your heart works. Bladder, bowel, fertility, and sexual problems can start after radiation to your belly or pelvis. Another possible late effect is a second cancer. Doctors have known for a long time that radiation can cause cancer.
|
7cd4585737192409e76eac58455d2161
|
How long do late side effects from radiation therapy last?
|
This treatment can cause side effects, but they're different for everyone. Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do.
|
ee96479978fa8785ed6fed80db20a806
|
Will radiation therapy cause my hair to fall out?
|
You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation. Others won't. If it does happen, it's usually sudden and comes out in clumps. In most cases, your hair will grow back after therapy stops, but it may be thinner or have a different texture. Some people choose to cut their hair short before treatment begins to make less weight on the hair shaft. If you lose hair on top of your head, be sure to wear a hat or a scarf to protect your scalp from the sun when you go outside. If you decide to buy a wig, ask the doctor to write a prescription for one and check to see if it's covered by your insurance or is a tax-deductible expense.
|
27385b549a6540cd3bd1105867afbbb0
|
What kind of skin problems can radiation therapy cause?
|
It may also get swollen or blistered. Your skin may also become dry, flaky, or itchy. Or it may start to peel. If you lose hair on top of your head, be sure to wear a hat or a scarf to protect your scalp from the sun when you go outside.
|
e2d6cc24a01f6cb6a1bbe24d66ab70a8
|
How can radiation therapy affect women?
|
Diarrhea Radiation therapy to your belly can cause diarrhea, which typically starts a few weeks after therapy begins. The doctor will likely prescribe medications to help control it. She'll also suggest changes in your diet, such as eating small meals more often, avoiding high-fiber foods, and getting enough potassium. Women shouldn't try to get pregnant during radiation therapy because it can hurt the baby. It also can stop periods and cause other symptoms of menopause.
|
86c8007c8f227de457f87c395fb07781
|
How are men and women affected by radiation therapy?
|
Treatment to the pelvis can make sex painful for some women and can also cause scarring that makes the vagina less able to stretch. In men, radiation can affect the nerves and blood vessels that control erections. Your doctor can help you understand what might happen and how you can handle it. It's natural to have less interest in sex when you're having treatment for cancer. Make sure you listen to their concerns, too. Talk with your doctor about the potential risk and how it compares to the benefits you'll get from radiation therapy.
|
0fd7a378d2d2866b9096864c6398ff27
|
Does radiation therapy always cause hair loss?
|
You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation. Others won't. If it does happen, it's usually sudden and comes out in clumps. In most cases, your hair will grow back after therapy stops, but it may be thinner or have a different texture.
|
064569a67e696ea96e84e150548b6704
|
How early do side effects from radiation therapy start?
|
This treatment can cause side effects, but they're different for everyone. Early side effects, such as nausea and fatigue, usually don't last long. They may start during or right after treatment and last for several weeks after it ends, but then they get better. Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do. The most common early side effects are fatigue and skin problems. You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation.
|
c6336290a6c481a836a100decfcf99f3
|
When should I take insulin if I have diabetes?
|
The time span between your shot and meals may vary depending on the type you use. In general, though, you should coordinate your injection with a meal. For more information about when to take insulin, read the "dosing and administration" section of the insulin product package insert that came with your insulin product, or talk with your doctor.
|
99fa9ec34822577c33582c84135a35cd
|
How do I know which type of insulin is best for me?
|
The types of insulin include: Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting Pre-mixed Your doctor will work with you to prescribe the type of insulin that's best for you and your diabetes. Making that choice will depend on many things, including: How you respond to insulin. The type of food you eat, how much alcohol you drink, or how much exercise you get will all affect how your body uses insulin.
|
8fac5b0122b35f7407e24c9f128e1f49
|
How does a cardiac rehab program help me recover from a heart attack?
|
He may have you take a stress test to see what level of exercise is safe to start with. But the real goal is to become more active in everyday life.
|
03eaa8bd45f72a7c2359cfe12e778fb8
|
Is it normal that I waste a lot of time?
|
Putting off something that needs to be done is called procrastination. We all do it sometimes. But if you constantly struggle to finish tasks, there may be a bigger problem at play. Once you figure out your reasons, you can work on making the most of your time. If you've had less than 6 hours, it's harder for your brain to tune out distractions and focus long enough to finish what you need to do.
|
18ab7a98635a27cc14bf99bf6041ac32
|
Do I have OCD?
|
If you've had less than 6 hours, it's harder for your brain to tune out distractions and focus long enough to finish what you need to do. Instead, you have a nagging sense that your actions aren't âjust right.â Rather than finish a task, people with OCD get stuck looking for a âperfectâ solution. Other symptoms include: A lot of unwanted thoughts or images Feeling helpless to stop the thoughts Rituals like hand washing Spending at least 1 hour a day on these thoughts and rituals Anti-anxiety medication or antidepressants can often improve OCD symptoms.
|
5201749280585069335fb833b6152aa3
|
How can I control my depression?
|
Keep a journal to help you learn what triggers your anxiety. Even if not, talk to a counselor or therapist if you have any of these other symptoms. Some people also find relief from their depression with antidepressant medicine.
|
15cf01d585d4e1bf568e0fafe8849034
|
How does potassium help your heart?
|
A hundred thousand times a day, it helps trigger your heart to squeeze blood through your body. It also helps your muscles to move, your nerves to work, and your kidneys to filter blood. Regulated heartbeat: Potassium enables your heart to beat in a healthy way.
|
954c57945f67461fad6e72cca1ae3f86
|
How much potassium do you need per day?
|
It also helps your muscles to move, your nerves to work, and your kidneys to filter blood. The best way to get enough potassium is to eat fruits and vegetables. Ask your doctor before starting a potassium supplement.
|
7d882cc091ae9f668858c1f53acf7f67
|
What can I do about facial hair caused by menopause?
|
You should always check with your doctor before using any of these supplements. There are a number of lubricants you can try to relieve the symptoms.
|
eb7fd0403419110956adbbf4865d13cb
|
What alternative treatments are available for menopause symptoms?
|
You should always check with your doctor before using any of these supplements. Botanical supplements containing compounds that act like estrogens -- such as soy -- may provide some of the benefits of estrogen in relieving menopausal symptoms, but research results are contradictory. Other botanicals, including black cohosh, have shown some promise for reducing menopausal sweats, or hot flashes. However, more research is needed to define the benefits and risks of these alternative treatments, and you should always check with your doctor before using them.
|
b36b0c49d131fbd86b05a4b9e50f9083
|
Who is more likely to get open-angle glaucoma?
|
Open-angle glaucoma usually happens to people over 50. You often get it in both eyes, but one eye isn't as bad as the other. Family history. You're more likely to get it if other family members have it. Race. African- Americans and Hispanics get it more often than whites. It tends to affect African- Americans earlier, and there's a greater chance it will lead to blindness. This lets your doctor see your optic nerve and check on its health.
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ec35da24e9fe1a9143f9ad2b3d9d72e5
|
What causes primary osteoarthritis?
|
Repetitive use of the joints over the years causes damage to the cartilage that leads to joint pain and swelling. In fact, next to aging, obesity is the most powerful risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knees.
|
1f483d71d0baf3c9ea71e4d3d9ef689d
|
Can obesity cause osteoarthritis?
|
Repetitive use of the joints over the years causes damage to the cartilage that leads to joint pain and swelling. In fact, next to aging, obesity is the most powerful risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knees.
|
b219feeab04b903a9de7c40033a3ee92
|
How can a scorpion sting affect you?
|
A jab from this critter's curvy tail is painful, but it rarely causes an allergic reaction. The bark scorpion, which is common in this area, has venom that causes symptoms like fast breaths, high blood pressure, a racing heart, weakness, and muscle twitches. They're light tan with a little darker back, about 2-3 inches long, and if you have a UV light, they may glow in the dark.
|
19adedddd9533ac4f85c966b3fb52f3f
|
What are some conditions an airway stent can help with?
|
Biopsies can detect cancer, infection, sarcoidosis, and other conditions. Airway stent (bronchial stent). Expanding the stent can open a bronchus and relieve symptoms caused by the constriction.
|
df7276ee2e29dd188f127cf0e2559408
|
What is interventional pulmonology?
|
Using these tools, the doctor can perform several other interventional pulmonology procedures. Bronchoalveolar lavage can help diagnose infection, cancer, bleeding, and other conditions. A doctor may be able to remove the object using flexible bronchoscopy, or rigid bronchoscopy may be required.
|
108394d5b6b7efd3907b900d7b2c3604
|
How might an interventional pulmonologist remove an inhaled object that's lodged in your airway?
|
Bronchoscopy is the most common interventional pulmonology procedure. A doctor may be able to remove the object using flexible bronchoscopy, or rigid bronchoscopy may be required.
|
af5632e642c4f463dca2dedf9c9584c2
|
What are some tips to fight body odor?
|
While sweat itself is virtually odorless, bacteria use it as a breeding ground and multiply rapidly. If you want to be "odor-free" consider the following tips: Apply an antiperspirant at bedtime. This gives the product a chance to work while you sleep and are not sweating. If you apply antiperspirants after showering in the morning, the sweat you accumulate will wash away the product and render you defenseless against daytime sweating. Remember, deodorants do not prevent sweating. They mainly mask the smell of the sweat on your skin. Keep your underarms dry. Bacteria have a hard time breeding in dry areas of the body. Try a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water to fight body odor. Use 1 teaspoon of peroxide (3%) to 1 cup (8 ounces) of water. Wipe this on affected areas (underarm, feet, groin) with a washcloth. This may help destroy some of the bacteria that creates odor. If sweat from working out is your No. Change your diet. Sometimes, fatty foods, oils, or strong-smelling foods such as garlic, curry, and onions, can seep through your pores and cause body odor (always see a doctor or dietician before making drastic dietary changes). If you have excessive sweating (called hyperhidrosis), talk to your doctor. There are a few treatment options for those with more severe sweating who desire more aggressive treatments. Also, certain medical problems can lead to excessive sweating. Your doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. Shaving your underarm regularly will help prevent the accumulation of bacteria and can reduce sweat and odor.
|
ecd657834d1ed316f27b046a7b74eab1
|
What's the best way to fight body odor?
|
Sweating is the body's way of regulating temperature. For most teens, proper hygiene -- like washing well and applying an underarm antiperspirant or deodorant -- should be enough.
|
4e5ede8982a65038c45e68c5a9dca029
|
What should I do to take care of my skin?
|
Wash your face twice a day -- once in the morning and once at night before you go to bed. Limit your time outside, especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Always wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with the physical blocker zinc oxide and a sun protection factor ( SPF) of 30 or greater. Wear protective clothing, like a long-sleeved shirt, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat. Pay attention to all parts of your skin so you'll notice any changes in moles or patches that might indicate skin cancer. Go to the doctor when you have a question.
|
4b717e7b4b01e5d283185d3f50f15afd
|
What are the disadvantages of lasers over drills in dentistry?
|
Pros Compared to the traditional dental drill, lasers: May cause less pain in some instances, so reduces the need for anesthesia May reduce anxiety in patients uncomfortable with the use of the dental drill Minimize bleeding and swelling during soft tissue treatments May preserve more healthy tooth during cavity removal Cons The disadvantages of lasers are that: Lasers can't be used on teeth with fillings already in place. Lasers can't be used in many commonly performed dental procedures. Traditional drills may still be needed to shape the filling, adjust the bite, and polish the filling even when a laser is used. Lasers do not eliminate the need for anesthesia. Laser treatment tends to be more expensive -- the cost of the laser is much higher than a dental drill.
|
748b5dbf1afcc6e92afd01dbbe0c9867
|
How is laser used in dentistry?
|
Still, some dentists are using lasers to treat: Tooth decay. Lasers are used to remove decay within a tooth and prepare the surrounding enamel for receipt of the filling. Gum disease. Lasers are used to reshape gums and remove bacteria during root canal procedures. Biopsy or lesion removal. Lasers can be used to remove a small piece of tissue (called a biopsy) so that it can be examined for cancer. Lasers are used to speed up in-office teeth whitening procedures. A peroxide bleaching solution, applied to the tooth surface, is ''activated" by laser energy, which speeds up of the whitening process.
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b8bcb648129bae50db4765c77b915752
|
How can increasing eye moisture help with Sjögren's syndrome?
|
Toothpastes and oral gels are available for people with dry mouth symptoms. Artificial tears must be used regularly and more often in dry environmental conditions such as on airplanes, in air-conditioned buildings, and on windy days. While artificial tears are helpful, they often do not last long enough. Thicker preparations are available that last longer. These often are used at bedtime because they sometimes cause blurry vision. Eye drops containing cyclosporine ( Cequa, Restasis) or lifitegrast ophthalmic solution ( Xiidra), treat inflammation in the glands around the eyes and may help to increase tear production. While Cequa or Restasis are often used at bedtime because they sometimes causes blurry vision, Xiidra is used twice a day.
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5056f3518e788a2d72be57f97c72d9f2
|
Is there a cure for Sjögren's syndrome?
|
Sjögren's syndrome occurs in two basic forms: primary Sjögren's syndrome -- the disease by itself and not associated with any other illness; and secondary Sjögren's syndrome -- disease that develops in the presence of another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis. The goals of treatment are to decrease discomfort and reduce the harmful effects of dryness. The type of treatment prescribed will be tailored to each patient's symptoms and needs.
|
af1b7e29f38b951470528d27daee89b9
|
How is secondary Sjögren's syndrome diagnosed?
|
Sjögren's syndrome occurs in two basic forms: primary Sjögren's syndrome -- the disease by itself and not associated with any other illness; and secondary Sjögren's syndrome -- disease that develops in the presence of another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis. Biopsy of the inner lip (performed in some cases to prove the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome).
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f03d836084906db3119695f50fbafd38
|
Are there any cancer vaccines for non-small-cell lung cancer?
|
Immunotherapy is one of the newest treatment options for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. There are a few types of immunotherapy.
|
fc90a11beb62434839df9aabfd8146e2
|
What are checkpoint inhibitors?
|
There are a few types of immunotherapy. Imagine your immune system is a car. When you get immunotherapy drugs it's like taking your foot off the brakes so the car can go full speed ahead.
|
756191825c86b1dd17758d80f3bd4497
|
When might your doctor take you off checkpoint inhibitors for non-small-cell lung cancer?
|
These drugs work at checkpoints and fire up your immune system to destroy cancer cells. You take them through IV infusion every 2-3 weeks: Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) Durvalumab ( Imfinzi) Nivolumab ( Opdivo) Pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) But when your immune system runs full throttle, there can be serious side effects. It could attack your lungs, intestines, liver, hormone-making glands, kidneys, or other organs. If this happens, your doctor will take you off the drug and give you corticosteroids. They'll quiet your immune system down again.
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0ae2e4c63e6634978a17fd6271867fad
|
What are the different types of allergy pills?
|
Many types of allergy pills or nasal spray are available with or without a prescription. You may want to try these on their own or with a nasal spray to get allergy relief. But they don't ease congestion. Decongestants . They shrink swollen nasal tissues and relieve stuffy noses. Decongestants don't usually work as quickly in pill form as they do in sprays. These drugs can raise blood pressure, so talk to your doctor before taking them, especially if you have high blood pressure. Some drugs combine decongestants and antihistamines to ease many symptoms. They can relieve itching, sneezing, and a runny, stuffy nose.
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cb929c7efbe94511cd1c710bf5f0a9bd
|
How should you keep your skin moist to treat psoriasis?
|
Medicines work best, but you can do things to treat your psoriasis without a prescription. After putting on thick lotions or creams, seal in the moisture with ointments like petroleum jelly, shortening, or olive oil. Sweat mixed with thick creams can make your psoriasis worse. Right after your bath or shower, pat yourself dry -- don't rub -- with a towel. Before you go to bed, wrap your skin with a bandage or plastic wrap. In the morning, wash the area gently. Over time, this can help with scaling. Baths and showers can dry your skin. To keep that from happening: Make sure the water's not too hot. But stick with it.
|
ff8805add8a31daf1229b57eddaf962e
|
Should I drink at all if I have psoriasis?
|
Limit how much sun you get. Psoriasis is more common in people who drink heavily. Alcohol may affect men's psoriasis more than women's. Women should have no more than one drink a day, and men should stop at two.
|
5156258725d4b9ca6c6263292aff9fef
|
How should you get some sun to take care of your psoriasis?
|
But stick with it. Use a sunscreen that contains zinc oxide and has an SPF of 30 or higher on areas that don't have psoriasis. Limit how much sun you get. Twenty minutes a day 3 days a week is a good start. Talk to your doctor first, though.
|
724e055a0c3a1778653d535a41662284
|
Can sunlight help with psoriasis?
|
But stick with it. Use a sunscreen that contains zinc oxide and has an SPF of 30 or higher on areas that don't have psoriasis. Limit how much sun you get. Twenty minutes a day 3 days a week is a good start. Talk to your doctor first, though.
|
b2ab30b8b9a569ee006a99b0b4a9524a
|
What are the types of training in holistic medicine?
|
A holistic doctor may use all forms of health care, from conventional medication to alternative therapies, to treat a patient. Holistic medicine is also based on the belief that unconditional love and support is the most powerful healer and a person is ultimately responsible for his or her own health and well-being. This may include diet, exercise, psychotherapy, relationship and spiritual counseling, and more Complementary and alternative therapies such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, homeopathy, massage therapy, naturopathy, and others Western medications and surgical procedures Holistic providers may include medical doctors, doctors of osteopathy, naturopathic doctors, chiropractors, and homeopathic doctors.
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4ce6e91a7ecd9c4db372166c78ba57f5
|
What tests can check for spina bifida?
|
Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Three tests can check for spina bifida and other birth defects while the baby is still in the womb: Blood test: A sample of the mother's blood is tested to see if it has a certain protein the baby makes called AFP. If the level of AFP is very high, it could mean the baby has spina bifida or another neural tube defect. Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves bounce off tissues in your body to make black-and-white pictures of the baby on a computer monitor. If your baby has spina bifida, you may see an open spine or a sac poking out of the spine. Amniocentesis: If the blood test shows a high level of AFP but the ultrasound looks normal, your doctor may recommend amniocentesis. This is when your doctor uses a needle to take a small amount of fluid from the amniotic sac around the baby. If there's a high level of AFP in that fluid, that means the skin around the baby's sac is missing and AFP has leaked into the amniotic sac.
|
712d55501141b9c179c7fbfac5bb819d
|
What are the treatments for spina bifida?
|
Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Some people have few or no symptoms, while others have problems with their bladder and bowels. Doctors can operate on babies when they're just a few days old or even while they're still in the womb. After these surgeries, others may be needed to correct problems with feet, hips, or the spine or to replace the shunt in the brain.
|
01067a344fad4f825a233923a2994704
|
How is spina bifida diagnosed in babies?
|
Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Three tests can check for spina bifida and other birth defects while the baby is still in the womb: Blood test: A sample of the mother's blood is tested to see if it has a certain protein the baby makes called AFP. Sometimes, spina bifida is diagnosed after a baby is born -- usually if the mother didn't get prenatal care or the ultrasound didn't show anything wrong. The doctor probably will want to get X-rays of the baby's body and do a magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan, which uses strong magnets and radio waves to get more detailed images.
|
7eba3be5fd01dcc182a296cf5e244032
|
What helps prevent spina bifida?
|
Children who have this type of surgery seem to have fewer birth defects. If you have spina bifida, or have a child with spina bifida, you should get 4,000 micrograms per day at least 1 month before you get pregnant through the first few months. Folic acid is also in dark green vegetables, egg yolks, and some fortified breads, pastas, rice, and breakfast cereals.
|
3536a36aace5744a61755112ae1925e5
|
How is spina bifida in babies repaired?
|
Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Doctors can operate on babies when they're just a few days old or even while they're still in the womb. If the baby has meningocele, about 24 to 48 hours after birth, the surgeon will put the membrane around the spinal cord back in place and close the opening. Before the 26th week of pregnancy, the surgeon goes into the mother's womb and sews shut the opening over the baby's spinal cord. Children who have this type of surgery seem to have fewer birth defects. But it's risky to the mother and makes it more likely that the baby will be born too early.
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75f8b3bf5308adebde423a36c8b104d7
|
How can your prevent spina bifida?
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Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Studies have shown that taking a multivitamin with folic acid can prevent spina bifida and lower your baby's odds of having this and other birth defects. Any woman who's pregnant or trying to get pregnant should get 400 micrograms a day. If you have spina bifida, or have a child with spina bifida, you should get 4,000 micrograms per day at least 1 month before you get pregnant through the first few months. Folic acid is also in dark green vegetables, egg yolks, and some fortified breads, pastas, rice, and breakfast cereals.
|
5a276be6e0cc8910ed38187b4b650aa0
|
What causes spina bifida?
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Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. This can cause physical and mental issues. No one knows for sure what causes spina bifida. Scientists think it may be a combination of the environment and family history, or a lack of folic acid (a type of vitamin B) in the mother's body. But we do know that the condition is more common among white and Hispanic babies and in girls. Also, women who have diabetes that isn't managed well or who are obese may be more likely to have a child with spina bifida.
|
42455cdbd4bb573c3ec191b286a93e44
|
What are the symptoms of spina bifida occulta?
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There are three main types of spina bifida: Spina bifida occulta ( SBO): This is the most common and mildest form of the defect. Many people don't even know they have it. Here, the spinal cord and nerves are usually fine, but there might be a small gap in the spine. With spina bifida occulta, the most obvious sign might be a tuft of hair or a birthmark at the site of the defect.
|
124c851eaf69599f07eee75137af8e39
|
What are other symptoms of myelomeningocele, a type of spina bifida?
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Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe type of spina bifida. Here, the baby's spinal canal is open in one or several places in the lower or middle back, and a sac of fluid pokes out. This sac also holds part of the spinal cord and the nerves, and those parts get damaged. Other symptoms of myelomeningocele include: Weak leg muscles (in some cases, the infant can't move them at all) Unusually shaped feet, uneven hips, or a curved spine (scoliosis) Seizures Bowel or bladder problems Children also might have trouble breathing, swallowing, or moving their upper arms. They also might be overweight. The symptoms depend a lot on where the problem is in the spine and which spinal nerves are involved.
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dc00716fcd7d3c521369d21ecafd73f7
|
What should I know before being treated for cancer?
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It's normal to be nervous or afraid. One way to ease some of your worries is to learn as much as you can about the treatment and what to expect afterward. It can also give you a sense of control over your disease. You and your doctor will decide what treatment is best for you based on the type of cancer you have, where it is in your body, and how far it has spread, called the stage of your disease. You won't know how it will make you feel until you've had your first treatment.
|
8579a229952730850f733b5f8b634692
|
How does radiation treat cancer?
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It might be your only treatment, or you might get it along with surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation itself isn't painful, but afterward you may have pain, fatigue, and skin rashes around the place you got the treatment. Side effects depend on where your cancer is. For example, if you're having head or neck radiation, you may get a dry mouth. Doctors use chemo or radiation to destroy as many cancer cells as possible, then try to replace them with healthy stem cells from bone marrow or blood.
|
9d7b65d3f0a49e80f3660f7a4a388837
|
What are the side effects of chemotherapy?
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Some of the most common issues are: Fatigue Vomiting Nausea Diarrhea Hair loss Mouth sores Pain Chemotherapy can sometimes cause long-lasting side effects, like infertility and nerve damage. Talk to your cancer doctor about the risks of your treatment plan and how you can avoid them. Again, the side effects can vary, but they're similar to the ones you'd have with regular chemo.
|
75eefc57e0b39e03215d350dca688b57
|
How is keratitis diagnosed?
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See your doctor right away if you have a problem with your eyes. She also may swab under your eyelid to get a sample to test for infection. Don't wear your contacts until you find out what's wrong.
|
7a48334fb340b1fa97898c9871551ff1
|
What are the symptoms of keratitis?
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Keratitis is painful inflammation of your cornea -- the clear covering over the pupil and colored part of your eye. Your eye may burn or feel irritated, like you have something in it. You may not even be able to open it. Light may hurt your eyes, and you also may have: Blurry vision Lots of tears or a discharge Swelling Several things can lead to keratitis: Injury: Most of the time, keratitis comes from damage to your cornea.
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b43c6ed77a0aa4828b93147416669ebc
|
What is a bronchial adenoma?
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Although the word "adenoma" means a noncancerous tumor, most bronchial adenomas are cancer and can spread to other parts of the body. Yet they often grow slowly and are treatable, so if you have one, keep in mind that they have a good outlook. Adenoid cystic carcinoma usually starts in the salivary glands in the mouth and throat.
|
0f274885fd9af87be8d35ffb859fac42
|
What should you expect from treatment of bronchial adenoma?
|
You may get a liquid to drink, or into a vein before the test. This means your doctors can't find any cancer left in your body and you have no symptoms. Bronchial adenomas can come back even after they are treated. This is called a recurrence. You'll see your doctor for regular checkups, blood tests, and scans to check for signs of cancer. If your cancer does return, your doctor will try the same treatments, or new treatments to stop its spread.
|
25f247bf5393a73e4913a5578e3929c0
|
What causes an enlarged heart?
|
But it's usually the result of high blood pressure or coronary artery disease. Most often, an enlarged heart causes no symptoms.
|
b229fccb622958924232cdfcf6e9a1a1
|
What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?
|
It can cause muscle weakness, reflex loss, and numbness or tingling in parts of your body. It can lead to paralysis, which is usually temporary. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Most people recover, even those with severe cases. In fact, 85% of people with GBS make a full recovery within 6 to 12 months. Once you get better, the chance of it returning is very small. Guillain- Barre syndrome strikes quickly.
|
2674e9a1283afb11731ca30316c81a40
|
How long is the recovery period for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?
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You usually feel it first in your arms and legs. It may take a while for you to feel like yourself again. After a hospital stay, you may still feel weak and need a wheelchair or walker to get around. You may have physical therapy to build up your strength . A small number of people also have permanent nerve damage. If your symptoms continue longer, you may be suffering from a chronic form of GBS called chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and will need more aggressive treatment.
|
ff71f60d822645ca1c20cc7e8a9e29fa
|
What type of breathing problem is bradypnea?
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This is when you feel âshort of breath,â like your body can't get enough air. Bradypnea can be a sign of a condition that affects your metabolism or another problem, like sleep apnea, carbon monoxide poisoning, or a drug overdose. It means you're breathing faster than normal.
|
057b24bf32e78a8920d225505b04aa4f
|
To avoid psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue, when should I stop eating before bedtime?
|
Stomach gas can also keep you awake. Relax before bedtime. If your mattress and pillows aren't comfy, you might not be able to stay asleep.
|
cf24896cdfbf2a919cc87e07eadea1d9
|
Should I stay active to avoid psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
|
A medication might help you get better rest. If you have psoriatic arthritis and need a nap to get through the day, some simple changes can boost your energy and make you feel better. Take your medications as prescribed to ease inflammation and pain.
|
c5d01b17862eaf4317a3de3f49df7a3a
|
What should I remove from my bedroom to prevent psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
|
They make your joints swell and become painful or stiff. Keep the room dark, quiet, and cool.
|
6d7376bd03e39761c40d7b69254a25da
|
How is a pericardial effusion diagnosed?
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If one is suspected, the best test to confirm it is an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) because your doctor would easily see any excess fluid. To find the cause of a pericardial effusion, your doctor may take a sample of the pericardial fluid. In this procedure, called pericardiocentesis, a doctor inserts a needle through your chest, into your pericardial effusion, and takes some fluid.
|
aa5e96a6f7546d75794d72ae7194498f
|
How is pericardial effusion treated?
|
Once the effusion is identified, its size and severity are figured out. Small ones that don't have symptoms and are due to known causes (for example, kidney failure) require no special treatment. For pericardial effusions due to inflammation of the sac, treating the inflammation also treats the effusion. In that case, you may be given: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Aleve, Indocin, and Motrin Corticosteroids, like prednisone and Solu- Medrol Colchicine ( Colcrys) If a severe infection or heart impairment (cardiac tamponade) exists, the extra fluid must be drained immediately.
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1af4846b6dd5cfe3380f95af9be5a126
|
How does your body use glucose?
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From there, it passes into your bloodstream. Insulin acts like a key, unlocking muscle, fat, and liver cells so glucose can get inside them. Most of the cells in your body use glucose along with amino acids (the building blocks of protein) and fats for energy. After your body has used the energy it needs, the leftover glucose is stored in little bundles called glycogen in the liver and muscles. Your body can store enough to fuel you for about a day. That travels to your bloodstream to replenish your supply until you're able to eat again. Your blood sugar level normally rises after you eat. This is called your fasting blood sugar level.
|
52c7ad863464f1b38a9029ff9184e91b
|
What is glucose?
|
As it travels through your bloodstream to your cells, it's called blood glucose or blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose from your blood into the cells for energy and storage. Your blood sugar level normally rises after you eat.
|
8cb1f6e72ee5a751a3771da026f33038
|
How many people have prediabetes?
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About 86 million people in the U. S. over age 20 have prediabetes. And doctors see the need to diagnose it more often. By the time you're diagnosed with diabetes, many of these problems have already taken hold.
|
af123b29bc83242a66ef7b53894eb523
|
What should I do if psoriasis causes pus-filled blisters or red and scaly skin?
|
Don't use any cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin. If you've spent a lot of time and money trying cover-ups that haven't worked, you may want to ask your doctor what else could help and if your psoriasis treatment plan is working.
|
da08c36f558984d19669e6b11a3033d0
|
Where can I use cosmetics to treat psoriasis?
|
Don't use any cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin. If your psoriasis causes pus-filled blisters or red and scaly skin on large parts of your body, ask your doctor before you use any cover-up product. If you've spent a lot of time and money trying cover-ups that haven't worked, you may want to ask your doctor what else could help and if your psoriasis treatment plan is working.
|
d8cb12a026cae595bbb9107a06e715a3
|
Why would I need a stem cell transplant for leukemia or lymphoma?
|
For some, it may be the best -- or only -- approach. Since they're outside your body, they aren't harmed during the chemotherapy or radiation treatments you'll need to get rid of your cancer cells. Your doctor may want you to have a reduced-intensity, or âmini,â stem cell transplant. They're cells that advance cancer.
|
97809d1ac930e4d301059add6c128f97
|
Is there risk of stem cell transplant rejection in stem cell treatment of cancer?
|
In an allogeneic, or ALLO, transplant, you get healthy stem cells from a donor. It's when your body fights to get rid of the new cells, or the cells launch an attack against you. It could happen right after the transplant or not until a year later. Thanks to strides in the matching process in the past decade or so, your odds of having more problems from the treatment are much lower than they used to be. You'll also get medicine after your transplant that works to keep those problems at bay.
|
ecaba4de80f4e19a924680d8a011a092
|
How does allogeneic, or ALLO, stem cell transplant work to treat cancer?
|
In an allogeneic, or ALLO, transplant, you get healthy stem cells from a donor. It's important that the donor's bone marrow closely matches yours. If it doesn't, your body may reject their cells. Before an ALLO transplant, you'll get chemotherapy, radiation, or both. It's less taxing on your body, and new cells can still grow and fight your cancer.
|
d2c92ffe1a2332daf52d71883a3500e1
|
What are the side effects of stem cell treatments for cancer?
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If you have leukemia or lymphoma, you may need a stem cell transplant. What and how severe they are depend on the dose. You might have: Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Bleeding Severe infections That doesn't sound great, but advances in cancer treatment can make them easier to live with. Still, if you're older, it can be harder for you to manage side effects.
|
49e7db5547ab38aa3cf0a1ddbe737a28
|
What should you do if you have no appetite with Parkinson's disease?
|
Some days, you just may not feel like eating at all. Talk to your doctor. Sometimes, depression can cause poor appetite. Your hunger likely will return when you get treatment. Walk or do another light activity to rev up your appetite. Drink beverages after you've finished eating so you don't feel full before the meal. Eat the high-calorie foods on your plate first. But avoid empty calories from sugary sodas, candies, and chips. Choose high-protein and high-calorie snacks, including: Ice cream Cheese Granola bars Custard Sandwiches Nachos with cheese Eggs Crackers with peanut butter Cereal with half and half Greek yogurt Malnutrition and weight loss are often problems for people with Parkinson's.
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3d8a233d89a861db7ed78998d861d9c8
|
How can you stay at a healthy weight when you have Parkinson's disease?
|
If you think you need vitamin supplements, check with your doctor first. Choose high-protein and high-calorie snacks, including: Ice cream Cheese Granola bars Custard Sandwiches Nachos with cheese Eggs Crackers with peanut butter Cereal with half and half Greek yogurt Malnutrition and weight loss are often problems for people with Parkinson's. So it's good to keep track of your weight. Weigh yourself once or twice a week, unless your doctor says to do it more often. If you are taking diuretics or steroids, such as prednisone, you should step on the scale daily. If you gain or lose weight noticeably (2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week), talk to your doctor. Avoid low-fat or low-calorie foods unless you've been told otherwise. Instead, use whole milk, whole milk cheese, and yogurt.
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235903bc763a91029dadfc0bb994ae47
|
How is high cholesterol diagnosed in children?
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Children also may have high levels of cholesterol, which can cause health problems, especially problems with heart disease, when the child gets older. Conducting such a test is especially important if there is a strong family history of heart disease or if a parent of the child has high cholesterol. The blood test results will reveal whether a child's cholesterol is too high. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ( NHLBI) the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that all children should be screened once between ages 9 and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21.
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9678942b04039afd424023498a020d8a
|
When is selective screening for cholesterol recommended for children?
|
Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol. For kids aged 10 years and older with extremely high cholesterol levels (or high levels with a family history of early heart disease), drug treatment should be considered.
|
165a1ea9155325f552b8fadb55e574f4
|
What are the symptoms of laryngitis?
|
An infection, such as a cold, the flu, or bronchitis, may spur the swelling. Symptoms include: Sore throat A low-grade fever Hoarseness Trouble speaking A dry cough A constant urge to clear your throat Swollen glands You have a greater chance of getting it if you smoke, overuse your voice a lot (if you are a singer or public speaker, for example), or are prone to colds, the flu, and bronchitis.
|
2e6ff6ae6a613ae6ca2ae2eb11d0d850
|
Are there treatments for cross eyes and nystagmus?
|
Whether your vision isn't what it used to be, or never was that great, there are things you can do to get your eye health back on track. If an injury is the cause, get it checked by your doctor. Your doctor will examine your eyes to see which treatment might work best for you.
|
a07b56e04da0cc9b63c7d865eee3ad7a
|
What does it mean to have nystagmus?
|
With nystagmus, the eye moves or "jiggles" all the time on its own. There's no treatment if you're born with it, but special contacts and glasses can help some people tell the difference between certain colors.
|
740d889452cce64b16ebb007a0b257ec
|
Why do I have red eyes?
|
Your eyes look bloodshot. Eyestrain can do it, and so can a late night, a lack of sleep, or allergies. If an injury is the cause, get it checked by your doctor. Red eyes could be a symptom of another eye condition, like conjunctivitis (pinkeye) or sun damage from not wearing shades over the years. If over-the-counter eye drops and rest don't clear it up, see your doctor. Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels in your retina caused by diabetes.
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bd99481d77caec491510083332ef04a8
|
What causes lazy eye?
|
Most people have eye problems at one time or another. Is it hard to see at night, especially while driving? It's found in infants, children, and adults, and rarely affects both eyes. Treatment needs to be sought immediately for infants and children.
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f9d9d14d75338e8ef0a64ac3e4da888f
|
What should you know about eye problems?
|
And always check with a doctor if your symptoms are really bad or don't clear up within a few days. Your doctor can tell you what's to blame.
|
8849d62bf4a7e5a6192b59df3737bb45
|
How often do eye problems happen?
|
Some are minor and will go away on their own, or are easy to treat at home. Others need a specialist's care. Most people who have it don't have early symptoms or pain.
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