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22d3be9db7089deb88b5a974b55bef41
|
Is vitamin D used to treat multiple sclerosis?
|
MS happens when your immune system attacks a fatty material called myelin, which wraps around your nerve fibers to protect them. People with certain genes may have higher chances of getting it.
|
78a9a3c64272e7b6d98dccc1fda30289
|
What tests help diagnose multiple sclerosis?
|
There's no single test that can prove you have MS. Your doctor will use a few different ones to check you. These may include: Blood tests to rule out diseases that cause similar symptoms, like Lyme disease and AIDS. People with MS usually have specific proteins in their CSF. Tests (called evoked potentials) that measure the electrical activity in your brain.
|
ac9bd51d3b2bbd569e91d6a1756f510f
|
What lifestyle changes can I implement to treat multiple sclerosis?
|
You can also try other drugs, like muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, or botulinum toxin ( Botox), to ease muscle spasms and treat some of the other symptoms. Get regular exercise and avoid too much heat to boost your energy. Ask your doctor about trying yoga to ease fatigue or stress. Take care of your emotional health, too. Support groups are also great places to connect with other people living with MS. Research is giving doctors more treatment options for the condition, a better idea of what causes it, and the ability to diagnose it earlier.
|
0187da8a62940d661ece13d74b9e428d
|
What tests are used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?
|
There's no single test that can prove you have MS. Your doctor will use a few different ones to check you. Analysis of the liquid that cushions your brain and spinal cord, called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). People with MS usually have specific proteins in their CSF. Tests (called evoked potentials) that measure the electrical activity in your brain.
|
4207f5467a3c2465bb0d7fb02e7d09db
|
What is RICE therapy?
|
Ice for 20 minutes every hour. Never put ice directly against the skin or it may damage the skin. Use a thin towel for protection. Compress by wrapping an elastic ( Ace) bandage or sleeve lightly (not tightly) around the joint or limb. Consult a doctor as soon as possible if there are symptoms of a possible broken bone: There is a "popping" sound with the injury. Continue RICE for 24 to 48 hours, or until the person sees a doctor.
|
5ea57950d66f62b6ffc197da77a21b57
|
What is plantar fasciitis?
|
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the thick band of tissue (also called a fascia) at the bottom of your foot that runs from your heel to your toes. Your fascia supports the muscles and arch of your foot. When it's overly stretched, you can get tiny tears in its surface. This can bring on pain and inflammation.
|
4891009c974b01e171cf04720e5d7a7c
|
What are hyaluronic acid joint injections?
|
People with arthritis get these shots to help lubricate their joints so that they work more smoothly. Your doctor can let you know if it would help you based on your symptoms and other treatments you've tried. Though the shots have been available for more than a decade, studies on how effective they are have shown mixed results. If you have osteoarthritis, your supply of synovial fluid has thinned.
|
6c386186e78a16002df6680eaa0158ee
|
How can diffusing capacity (DLCO) test help with the diagnosis of asthma?
|
This is a simple breathing test that measures how much and how fast you can blow air out of your lungs. The DLCO is normal in people with asthma and low in smokers who have COPD. Asthma may cause a small increase in the size of your lungs (called hyperinflation), but a person with asthma will usually have a normal chest X-ray.
|
264f9662271764fc86bd1b4a8a13023a
|
How can methacholine challenge test (MCT) help diagnose asthma?
|
Methacholine challenge test ( MCT). During this test, you inhale increasing amounts of a mist of methacholine before and after spirometry. If lung function drops by 20% or more after a low dose of methacholine, that indicates you have asthma.
|
a7c613ba15ae09559bdc66c9ba6af9c6
|
How do you treat cyclothymic disorder?
|
Some people with mild symptoms of cyclothymia are able to live successful, fulfilling lives. Others find their relationships troubled by depression, impulsive actions, and strong emotions. For these people, short-term medications may bring relief. Mood stabilizers include antiseizure drugs such as lithium, Depakote, Tegretol, or Lamictal.
|
99e22979265a9a67bcbcc518a8c3c565
|
How do you treat persistent depressive disorder?
|
Antidepressants , such as selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs), or tricyclic antidepressants, are often used to treat PDD. You may need to try more than one medication to find the one that works best. Doctors believe treatment for PDD is effective with a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Specific kinds of talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT), psychodynamic psychotherapy, or interpersonal therapy ( IPT), are known to be effective forms of psychotherapy that treat PDD. Other changes may also help, including seeking social support and finding an interesting occupation.
|
b862a0a43055daeb8a78fc9ad114629c
|
Should you get treatment for persistent depressive disorder?
|
Staying in a constant state of moodiness is no way to live. Another is that PDD can also increase your risk for physical diseases. If left untreated, this mood disorder can develop into more severe depression. It can also increase your risk for attempting suicide.
|
07562b2267ab69720b51311d24b2473a
|
What are symptoms of cyclothymic disorder?
|
PDD can occur alone or with other psychiatric or mood disorders, although not with mania or hypomania. With cyclothymic disorder, you have low-grade high periods (hypomanias) as well as brief, fleeting periods of depression that don't last as long (less than 2 weeks at a time) as in a major depressive episode. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood. But because symptoms are mild, it is often difficult to tell when cyclothymia begins. A diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder may result from simply describing symptoms like these: Episodes that involve brief, recurrent periods of depression and, at other times, episodes of hypomania; this pattern of episodes must be present for at least 2 years. Symptoms that persist, creating fewer than 2 symptom-free months in a row.
|
36303d84f8161b82fe54627cf7b16a1b
|
What is persistent depressive disorder?
|
Although less extreme, Persistent Depressive Disorder ( PDD) causes chronic or long-lasting moodiness that ranges in severity. PDD can occur alone or with other psychiatric or mood disorders, although not with mania or hypomania. As with depression, PDD is more common in women than in men. This mood disorder tends to appear earlier than major depression, although it can begin anytime from childhood to later in life.
|
a994b6f815100aa72ae4bda6c761b6f1
|
Who gets cyclothymic disorder?
|
Up to 4% of the general population is affected by PDD. But know that it may take several weeks or longer to take effect. Its cause is unknown, but genetics may play a role; cyclothymia is more common in people with relatives who have bipolar disorder. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood. But because symptoms are mild, it is often difficult to tell when cyclothymia begins.
|
18566c302ec2672ec20df1b9af9ad0c6
|
Can cyclothymic disorder become bipolar disorder?
|
Persistent Depressive Disorder is a less severe form of depression. The hypomanias in cyclothymic disorder are similar to those seen in bipolar II disorder, and do not progress to full-blown manias. In some cases, cyclothymic disorder progresses to full-blown bipolar disease.
|
51e7443409f43223dac676fbde2d1908
|
What is cyclothymic disorder?
|
Persistent Depressive Disorder is a less severe form of depression. With cyclothymic disorder, you have low-grade high periods (hypomanias) as well as brief, fleeting periods of depression that don't last as long (less than 2 weeks at a time) as in a major depressive episode. The hypomanias in cyclothymic disorder are similar to those seen in bipolar II disorder, and do not progress to full-blown manias. For example, you may feel an exaggerated sense of productivity or power, but you don't lose connection with reality. They tend to not be as disabling as they are with bipolar disorder.
|
8c85309a93ab37c6f59cea1a66875dc7
|
Who shouldn't use tamoxifen?
|
Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you. Talk to your doctor to know for sure.
|
8b5384ecf28f91cc72f6cf91e4202717
|
Who can use tamoxifen for breast cancer?
|
Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you. Studies have found that it prevents breast cancer in women who are at high risk, but with fewer side effects.
|
aadf5ac14b516602affb662a5a72de7b
|
What is palbociclib (Ibrance)?
|
They help the cells grow and spread. There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause. Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you.
|
6b1a17e83a8e7585149baa417c40a9ab
|
Who gets hormone therapy for breast cancer?
|
If they do, it means that they depend on these hormones to grow. In that case, your doctor will probably recommend hormone therapy as part of your treatment plan. Also, if you don't have the disease but have a family history of it, or genes that raise your risk, your doctor may recommend hormone therapy to lower your chances of getting it.
|
15a76825e118e719ca839ea370e3d11b
|
How can palbociclib (Ibrance) and ribociclib (Kisqali) help with treating breast cancer?
|
They help the cells grow and spread. Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you.
|
d4d5998db296131cf766214b03d607e4
|
How can fulvestrant (Faslodex) help with treating breast cancer and what are its side effects?
|
It works by keeping estrogen from attaching to the cancer cells. Studies have also shown that tamoxifen lessens the risk of breast cancer returning in women who have had the earliest form of the disease, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS).
|
0ad77b26c7c24ad0f97926bf145cb72f
|
How can Goserelin (Zoladex) and leuprorelin (Lupron) help with treating breast cancer and what are its side effects?
|
There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause. Common side effects include: Pain where you get the shot Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Weakness and fatigue Hot flashes Cough Muscle, joint, and bone pain Constipation Shortness of breath
|
ba94c2ec648ee32ced9a49c0040b8689
|
Why do some women take tamoxifen to help prevent breast cancer?
|
Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you. Studies have found that it prevents breast cancer in women who are at high risk, but with fewer side effects.
|
f22c2e3402110ab1b23baefea4a22fe5
|
Can any drug besides tamoxifen prevent breast cancer?
|
For women, the side effects of tamoxifen are similar to some of the symptoms of menopause. Studies have found that it prevents breast cancer in women who are at high risk, but with fewer side effects. The FDA has approved it for breast cancer prevention.
|
e3427d363ea1341e5d5fe8973715e6b1
|
How common are blood clots and strokes in breast cancer patients who take tamoxifen?
|
Women who are at high risk for breast cancer can take tamoxifen to try to lower their chances of getting the disease. Women who take tamoxifen may have a slightly higher risk of blood clots in their lungs or large veins. It's an even bigger risk for smokers.
|
cc38a4d9f57b4bfcd5cd2c65a054760b
|
What is fulvestrant (Faslodex)?
|
It works by keeping estrogen from attaching to the cancer cells. Studies have also shown that tamoxifen lessens the risk of breast cancer returning in women who have had the earliest form of the disease, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS).
|
e4ccb9559b21968207fb64b75bccc572
|
Should you call your doctor if you think your arm is broken?
|
Most broken arms have these symptoms: A large amount of pain and increased pain when moving the arm Swelling Maybe an obvious deformity compared to the other arm Possible open wound either from the bone puncturing the skin or from the skin being cut during the injury Decreased sensation or inability to move the limb, which may indicate nerve damage Call your doctor after an accident if these signs are present: Significant pain that is not relieved by ice and home pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin) A large amount of swelling or mild deformity of the arm compared to the opposite arm Significant pain with use or limited use of the affected arm Pain in one specific part of the arm when it is pressed Your doctor may advise you to go directly to a hospital's emergency department. Place ice in a bag and leave it on the arm for 20-30 minutes at a time. Use pillows to prop your arm while in bed or sitting in a chair.
|
39f1c6bd04cc90ed3b284713cb10133a
|
Can you prevent a broken arm?
|
There are 2 main ways to help prevent a broken arm. Wear appropriate personal safety equipment as protection. Prevent and treat osteoporosis, the disease that causes bone loss, especially in older women. This is best done early in life by building stronger bones through a good diet and exercise.
|
837ca617047cdef364a6d5f9290a72b3
|
What are symptoms of a broken arm?
|
Most broken arms have these symptoms: A large amount of pain and increased pain when moving the arm Swelling Maybe an obvious deformity compared to the other arm Possible open wound either from the bone puncturing the skin or from the skin being cut during the injury Decreased sensation or inability to move the limb, which may indicate nerve damage Call your doctor after an accident if these signs are present: Significant pain that is not relieved by ice and home pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin) A large amount of swelling or mild deformity of the arm compared to the opposite arm Significant pain with use or limited use of the affected arm Pain in one specific part of the arm when it is pressed Your doctor may advise you to go directly to a hospital's emergency department. Under the following conditions, go directly to the hospital for emergency care: Visible bone sticking out through the skin Heavy bleeding from an open wound Complete lack of movement or sensation of part of the arm Obvious deformity that looks drastically different from the usual appearance Loss of consciousness Many other injuries The initial evaluation by any physician, in the office or in the emergency department, begins with a thorough history and physical exam. An alternate approach to keep the arm from moving is to position a rolled and taped newspaper along the swollen area and to tape it in place.
|
bd89c0fd26019244d61ee5be6a0c4300
|
What should you do when you break your arm?
|
Do this by using a towel as a sling. Place it under the arm and then around the neck. An alternate approach to keep the arm from moving is to position a rolled and taped newspaper along the swollen area and to tape it in place. Apply ice to the injured area. Place ice in a bag and leave it on the arm for 20-30 minutes at a time. It may be helpful to place a towel around the ice bag or in between the bag and the skin to protect the skin from getting too cold. Call your doctor for increased pain, loss of sensation, or if your fingers or hand turn cold or blue.
|
7d5f7f0045326823e6a1b352a87900a6
|
What complications can happen after a colostomy?
|
But if you had to have a large piece of the bowel removed, you may need the stoma for good. If the opening is too big, stool can leak out. Doctors call this a prolapse. You may need surgery to fix it.
|
64f4e1f53dcd1f0b9be15c15d978a738
|
What does surgery for occipital neuralgia include?
|
She may also give you a shot to numb the nerve, called a nerve block, to see if it gives you relief. You might also have blood tests or an MRI scan if your doctor thinks your case isn't typical. The nerve block that your doctor might do to diagnose your condition can be a short-term treatment, too. Your doctor uses a device called a neurostimulator to deliver electrical pulses to your occipital nerves. They can help block pain messages to the brain.
|
1dc15d2ac4cc7641eaa1c1a880952acd
|
What is progressive relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder?
|
Biofeedback is another helpful tool. When this part of the body is relaxed, another part of the body is tensed and relaxed until the entire body is free of tension.
|
574fc8a503943beed089eec8a3d5fba9
|
Whatâs the best way to deal with dental anxiety?
|
The key to coping with dental anxiety is to discuss your fears with your dentist. Once your dentist knows what your fears are, he or she will be better able to work with you to determine the best ways to make you less anxious and more comfortable. If your dentist doesn't take your fear seriously, find another dentist. Ask your dentist to explain what's happening at every stage of the procedure. Another helpful strategy is to establish a signal -- such as raising your hand -- when you want the dentist to immediately stop. Use this signal whenever you are uncomfortable, need to rinse your mouth, or simply need to catch your breath.
|
71e14998eb1d93395d0eac885684302b
|
What is dental phobia, and what are some signs of it?
|
It leaves people panic-stricken and terrified. People with dental phobia have an awareness that the fear is totally irrational, but are unable to do much about it. They exhibit classic avoidance behavior; that is, they will do everything possible to avoid going to the dentist. Other signs of dental phobia include: Trouble sleeping the night before the dental exam Feelings of nervousness that escalate while in the dental office waiting room Crying or feeling physically ill at the very thought of visiting the dentist Intense uneasiness at the thought of, or actually when, objects are placed in your mouth during the dental treatment or suddenly feeling like it is difficult to breathe Fortunately, there are ways to get people with dental anxiety and dental phobia to the dentist.
|
84fbc8418bdbdfe940cd2a22c20a12a9
|
Can long-lasting sinus infections be spread by contact?
|
If your infection is caused by bacteria, you can't spread it. You may not know what is causing your sinusitis, so it's best to avoid close contact with other people and to make an appointment with your doctor. Viruses get in the air after someone who is sick sneezes or coughs.
|
752847714a3f81f06a7c8d82a1d608f1
|
Is a sinus infection contagious?
|
It can also make you cough and produce a lot of discharge. That may make you wonder if you could pass it on to someone else. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The answer is sort of. But it really depends on what caused it. And often you just don't know. You can get it the same way you get cold and flu -- by breathing it in or passing it from your hands to your mouth after touching something.
|
27569f3210bf88662d127b673fa3394b
|
What things can I do every day to prevent heart disease?
|
Three ideas to try: exercise, meditate, and talk to people you trust. Work on your weight . Pass on foods that are salty, high in unhealthy fats, or fried. Pick a couple of activities that sound like fun. Up to 1 glass a day for women, and up to 2 glasses a day for men. You may have levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood sugar and not realize it. Don't smoke. He'll help you focus on healthy habits.
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a59cc4f51073ed0cbdffb3a399ad565a
|
Why is it difficult to diagnose depression?
|
Do you wonder how doctors are able to make an accurate depression diagnosis? Now, however, a doctor will make a distinction regarding the particular disorder or subtype of depression that a patient has. A depression diagnosis is often difficult to make because clinical depression can manifest in so many different ways. For example, some clinically depressed individuals seem to withdraw into a state of apathy. Others may become irritable or even agitated. Eating and sleeping patterns can be exaggerated. Observable or behavioral symptoms of clinical depression also may sometimes be minimal despite a person experiencing profound inner turmoil.
|
ff921c7b3181ca1d308a9b4dbba61d99
|
What are the physical signs of depression?
|
Signs of depression may include the following: Appearance of preoccupation Lack of eye contact Memory loss, poor concentration, and poor abstract reasoning Pacing, hand wringing, and pulling on hair Psychomotor retardation or agitation, such as slowed speech, sighs, and long pauses Self-deprecatory manner, or belligerence and defiance (especially in adolescents) Slowed body movements, even to the extent of being motionlessness or catatonic Tearfulness or sad countenance After reviewing the information given at your appointment, including the signs and symptoms, patient history, family history, and physician exam, your doctor may ask for some lab tests to rule outa physical condition that may be causing your symptoms. Before your doctor's appointment, write down a list of concerns you may have about depression and specific symptoms of depression you might have.
|
c986ee7863d4943d0165300fe3bdde8a
|
How does a doctor diagnose depression?
|
In fact, talking with the patient may be the most important diagnostic tool the doctor has. To effectively diagnose and treat depression, the doctor must hear about specific symptoms of depression. A doctor may use a series of standard questions to screen for depression. A doctor can rule out other conditions that may cause depression with a physical examination, personal interview, and lab tests.
|
90427718e27da2fc865fbfa772b16539
|
How is pink eye diagnosed?
|
The doctor will also observe that your eye is inflamed or red. Often, the cause can be determined from your symptoms, medical history, and the eye exam findings alone. Most of the time, treatment is started right away. If there are additional lab results, treatment may be modified based on the results of lab tests. You should also be careful about using the same cloths or drops between your two eyes so as not to transfer the infection to your other eye.
|
460f92175aa2559963cd7b6bcd4fdf72
|
What are general causes of tendon rupture?
|
General causes of tendon rupture include: Direct trauma Advanced age. When your muscle contracts while it is being stretched in the opposite direction, increased stress is placed on the involved tendon. Antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones increase the risk for tendon rupture, particularly the Achilles tendon. The drawback of nonoperative treatment is that strength is not as reliably returned to baseline with this type of treatment.
|
9de00aee133fd7b3d19192dfd21336fd
|
What are the self-care guidelines for ruptured tendons?
|
Self- Care at Home For all ruptured tendons, regardless of the site, follow the standard RICE ( Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) home therapy procedure as you seek medical attention. Compression of the affected area to minimize swelling Apply compression by loosely wrapping the affected area with an ACE bandage. Be sure that the bandage does not cut off blood flow to the area in question. Elevation of the extremity if possible Try to keep the area above the level of your heart to minimize swelling.
|
c5f7f61002c6e8d2df489378da6b74bc
|
What is the outlook for a ruptured tendon?
|
The proximal rupture occurs where the biceps attaches at the top of your shoulder. Because you know your body the best, if something appears to be serious to you, it is usually the best course to be conservative and have an evaluation. Surgical repair, in concert with additional physical therapy, can result in return to normal strength. The drawback of nonoperative treatment is that strength is not as reliably returned to baseline with this type of treatment. The benefits include a decreased risk of infection and generally shorter recovery time.
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5b7c4d07b46865b2865fbbdadfe0ff68
|
What may cause quadriceps tendon rupture?
|
The 4 most common areas of tendon rupture include: Quadriceps A group of 4 muscles that come together just above your kneecap (patella) to form the patellar tendon. When your muscle contracts while it is being stretched in the opposite direction, increased stress is placed on the involved tendon. Quadriceps tendon rupture may be caused by: Direct trauma to the knee just above the patella (kneecap) Advanced age resulting in decreased blood supply to the inside of the tendon Combination of quadriceps contraction and stretching of the muscle (eccentric loading) Achilles tendon rupture may result from: Advanced age resulting in decreased blood supply to the inside of the tendon Strenuous physical activity by those who are not well conditioned Direct trauma Unexpected forcing of the sole of your foot upward as in landing on your feet after jumping from a height Excessive strain while pushing off with the weight-bearing foot Having group O blood type ( This is a controversial cause-and-effect relationship.)
|
9e929dfcebb4415b2b735e5c115a8d40
|
What may cause a rotator cuff rupture?
|
General causes of tendon rupture include: Direct trauma Advanced age. You may have a tendon rupture.
|
6d5cde51e6dc5e401ed5883144c40b76
|
What is medical treatment for a quadricep or achilles tendon rupture?
|
Medical Treatment Quadriceps Partial tears may be treated without surgery by placing your straight leg in a cast or immobilizer for 4-6 weeks. Achilles tendon Treatment without surgery involves immobilizing your foot so that the sole of the foot is pointed downward for 4-8 weeks. medical problems. An additional advantage with surgical correction is a lower rerupture rate of the tendon.
|
cce2e34eeba732c2ed505cd31e29c0a8
|
What may cause biceps tendon rupture?
|
As you age, your blood supply decreases. You may have a tendon rupture. patellar tendon rupture, Achilles tendon rupture, rotator cuff rupture, biceps tendon rupture, ruptured tendon
|
6ba69d8e279ee656467eb0281fb23149
|
What is the quadriceps tendon?
|
The 4 most common areas of tendon rupture include: Quadriceps A group of 4 muscles that come together just above your kneecap (patella) to form the patellar tendon. Often called the quads, this group of muscles is used to extend the leg at the knee and aids in walking, running, and jumping. The rotator cuff tendon is one of the most common areas in the body affected by tendon injury.
|
ff04330a5db528af9fe8565158bcd1c5
|
What does it mean to have type 1 diabetes?
|
That can damage your nerves and blood vessels, leading to serious health problems. You're much more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than people without diabetes are, but you can lower your risk. Type 1 diabetes can take a toll on your feet.
|
185c59cc76526f7ceff5a51c2d17cb06
|
How can type 1 diabetes affect my feet?
|
Having type 1 diabetes means your body doesn't make insulin. Infections and ulcers are more likely. Every day, give your feet a thorough once-over, looking for cuts, blisters, sores, red spots, nail infections, and numb areas.
|
b916989ba47d150a81b44592eaf40702
|
How can type 1 diabetes affect my teeth?
|
High blood sugar levels can cause real damage to your body. This can lead to plaque build-up and, eventually, gum disease.
|
69ea021e51535dda812a6f4e8e33271d
|
Should I exercise if I have type 1 diabetes?
|
Some of the most common complications are: Kidney disease (nephropathy) Heart disease Stroke High blood pressure Nerve disease (neuropathy) Foot problems, including ulcers Eye disease (retinopathy) Skin infections Gum disease (inflammation and infection) You can't completely erase your chances of developing these conditions, but you can lower the odds. It's also good for your blood pressure and cholesterol. Talk with your doctor before you get started, though. They might warn you against some workouts with high-impact moves and heavy lifting. These can raise blood sugar.
|
a2ff263fc3bc1bb83a10c56937a3434f
|
Can a journal help me figure out my IBS triggers?
|
An irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) symptom journal can help you and your doctor figure out what triggers your IBS, and how to deal with those triggers. Remember, a variety of factors can set off IBS: Certain types of food, the volume of food, stress, medicines, your menstrual cycle, and your environment. You may find, for instance, that you tend to feel bloated after eating snacks during office meetings. Knowing what influences your eating and what causes you distress can help in developing prevention strategies.
|
5475aa2056c787f54eb4fd991b2529bf
|
What is a cover test in an eye checkup?
|
Bring your glasses and contact lenses along with the prescription with you. Cover test: This tells how well your eyes work together. You'll stare at a small target some distance away. The doctor will cover and uncover each eye to observe how much your eyes move. Your doctor will also be watching for an eye that turns away from the target.
|
d8666852dcd3d0bb82dce216d4a18353
|
What will happen during my eye exam?
|
The exam may last from half an hour to several hours, depending on the equipment used. It will cover your vision and your eye health. Ask family or friends who they use. Ask your family doctor for a referral. Call the ophthalmology or optometry department of a nearby hospital and ask about doctors who practice there. Contact state and county academies, associations, or societies of optometrists and ophthalmologists, and ask if they can help you. Get a list from your health plan or health insurance company.
|
4fcd24991b8c34f129286a51e6e5dba7
|
How do I know if my eyes are at risk for some sort of damage?
|
You need to check to see if you have serious, sometimes "silent" problems that can affect your vision, like: Glaucoma Age-related macular degeneration Cataracts Diabetic retinopathy If your child has no risk factors for eye problems, she should get her vision checked as a newborn and again at every regular health visit. If you have type 1 diabetes, get your eyes checked within 5 years of your diagnosis and every year after that. You'll need an exam ASAP if you're diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Have your eyes checked every year after that.
|
7b50e04424cebe4000e6bf31da7dbeef
|
How can protein therapy help with treating emphysema?
|
Getting infusions of AAT can help slow down lung damage. It's designed for people who have severe emphysema in the upper lobes of their lungs.
|
7d303c3798b18cc0a0dc6ef64316ad58
|
What are short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators, and how do they work to treat emphysema?
|
The short-acting drugs work faster but don't last as long. The long-acting ones don't work as fast, but they last longer. If your emphysema symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend you take short-acting bronchodilators during flare ups. As your symptoms get worse, you may have to take daily doses of long-acting bronchodilators. If you have advanced emphysema, your doctor may prescribe a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. They're used on a regular schedule to open your airways and keep them open.
|
53177ac380c7884c20e56f88181ebf91
|
How can vaccines help with treating emphysema?
|
They can also prevent other problems and keep the disease from getting worse. If you have advanced emphysema, your doctor may prescribe a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. They also suggest you get a pneumonia shot every 5 to 7 years to prevent infection.
|
c6ce0a3bd31f32002870ad06fdff72aa
|
What are anticholinergic bronchodilators, and how do they work to treat emphysema?
|
Bronchodilators come in two forms: Anticholinergics stop the muscles around your airways from tightening. They also make it easier to clear mucus from the lungs. They start working within 3 to 5 minutes and last 4 to 6 hours. Short-acting anticholinergics start working in about 15 minutes and last 6 to 8 hours. The most common side effects of these drugs are dry mouth and difficulty peeing.
|
0a8c744878e7770d0a3ebf88f4088d34
|
What surgeries can treat serious cases of emphysema?
|
They include: Lung volume reduction surgery ( LVRS). In this procedure, a surgeon removes part of one or both of your lungs. Bullectomy. In rare cases, air sacs in the lungs caused by emphysema grow larger and can press against healthy parts of the lung. Lung transplants are possible for the most severe cases. Targeted lung denervation ( TLD).
|
5308b545146d2910177acbae14709ecf
|
What new treatments may one day treat severe cases of emphysema without major surgery?
|
Researchers are developing ways to treat severe cases of emphysema without major surgery. The valves block airflow and mucus to those areas so the healthy areas of the lung can work better. Lung volume reduction coil treatment ( LVRC). The doctor inserts straightened nickel-titanium coils into the lungs. Broncoscopic thermal vapor ablation ( BVTA). This procedure reduces lung volume by using heated water vapor to cause scarring. Doctors place a stent, or tube, into severely diseased airways, allowing air that's trapped in the lungs to escape. It targets nerves that make your muscles contract and produce too much mucus. A small pilot study found TLD was safe.
|
24050a9bd2b7deb28ff3b13ea75729f3
|
How can emphysema be treated?
|
Which ones your doctor recommends will depend on how severe your symptoms are. They also make it easier to clear mucus from the lungs. That, in turn, can make it harder for you to breathe.
|
a1cffa8301a40d4791c92bd0e68fa181
|
What tests might your pediatrician do if you child's constipation is severe?
|
Add more fiber into your child's diet. This is a normal X-ray to check for blockage. The bowels are coated with a dye so that any problems in the rectum, the colon or the small intestine will clearly be seen on an X-ray. Rectal biopsy.
|
9fc8dc90b415239a3f9ceefea33ae483
|
After how long should you see a doctor about your child's constipation?
|
Your child may be constipated if he's having any of these symptoms: Abdominal pain Fewer than three bowel movements per week for children, and for babies, no bowel movement for 2 or 3 days more than usual Your child attempts to hold in his stool -- signs include making faces, crossing his legs, or twisting his body. It's usually nothing to worry about.
|
67acbfe14e8750d42bf391f8ba9157ac
|
What are signs that your child might be constipated?
|
Hard, dry stools that don't pass easily Stains and small stool marks in your child's underwear There are many things that can cause your child to become constipated. If your child's constipation lasts for more than 2 weeks, something else may be going on.
|
383870535c46aaae2c70ad702ae90470
|
How is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load measured?
|
HIV viral load predicts how fast the disease will progress, while other tests, like the CD4 count, indicate how much damage the virus has already caused. They add an enzyme, a kind of protein, to make more copies of the RNA. This makes it easier to measure how much HIV is in your blood sample. These RT- PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) tests are much more sensitive than HIV tests used in the past. They can find as few as 20 copies of HIV RNA in a milliliter of blood.
|
028a0f291edaab74e188472cb950c8bf
|
What do the results from a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load test mean?
|
Your viral load gives you an idea of how much of the HIV virus is in your body. HIV viral load tests look for RNA, the part of HIV that has the recipe for reproducing itself. A high viral load is generally considered about 100,000 copies, but you could have 1 million or more. The virus is at work making copies of itself, and the disease may progress quickly. A lower HIV viral load is below 10,000 copies. The virus probably isn't actively reproducing as fast, and damage to your immune system may be slowed, but this is not optimal.
|
aa9fd349c138ac4680a131464f13f108
|
What is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load?
|
Your test results help your doctor follow what's happening with your infection, how well your treatment is working, and guide treatment choices. HIV viral load predicts how fast the disease will progress, while other tests, like the CD4 count, indicate how much damage the virus has already caused. They can find as few as 20 copies of HIV RNA in a milliliter of blood. Unfortunately, the virus is still able to survive in various cells in the body.
|
b6bd4b48ea394b17b35b87a8ebdf2fa0
|
What should you do if you feel nauseous from chemotherapy?
|
Instead of eating three large meals every day, eat small meals, and eat more often. Nausea is often worse if your stomach is empty. Try to eat more food at a time of day when you feel less ill. Eat slowly, and chew your food completely. Choose foods that are cold or at room temperature. The smell of hot or warm foods may make you feel sicker. Avoid spicy and fatty foods, including rich and creamy sauces, because they're hard to digest. Foods that cause gas (like vegetables, beans, and soda) can make nausea worse. Rest after eating, but don't lie down. Sit up, keeping your head higher than your feet. If you feel queasy when you first wake up, keep a box of crackers on your nightstand and eat a few before getting out of bed. Or try having a high-protein snack such as lean meat or cheese before going to bed. ( Protein stays in your stomach longer than other foods.) You'll to prevent dehydration. Choose cold beverages such as water, flat soda, or flavored drink mixes. You can also suck on ice cubes and eat Popsicles to stay hydrated. Take your anti-nausea medicine on schedule. Call your doctor if your vomiting is severe or comes back often so you can't keep anything down, or when you also have any of these symptoms: Dark urine Small amount of urine Rapid heart rate Headaches Dizziness when standing up Flushed, dry skin Coated tongue Irritability and confusion Before each treatment session, tell your health care team if you've been feeling queasy.
|
a212527b248be66222f5606865475e8c
|
How can you cope with chemotherapy and nausea?
|
When they do happen, it tends to be less severe and pass more quickly than in the past. Different drugs work for different people, and you may need more than one drug to get relief. Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if you feel very queasy, have been throwing up for more than a day, or if it's so bad that you can't keep liquids down. That could lead to dehydration, which can cause serious problems if not treated. If you vomit more than three times a day and you don't drink enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. Also, your cancer drugs can't work if you've thrown them up.
|
cd49613dfea570c13320acb1000a625f
|
What should I do if I feel nauseous during chemotherapy?
|
Instead of eating three large meals every day, eat small meals, and eat more often. Nausea is often worse if your stomach is empty. Try to eat more food at a time of day when you feel less ill. Eat slowly, and chew your food completely. Choose foods that are cold or at room temperature. The smell of hot or warm foods may make you feel sicker. Avoid spicy and fatty foods, including rich and creamy sauces, because they're hard to digest. Foods that cause gas (like vegetables, beans, and soda) can make nausea worse. Rest after eating, but don't lie down. Sit up, keeping your head higher than your feet. If you feel queasy when you first wake up, keep a box of crackers on your nightstand and eat a few before getting out of bed. Or try having a high-protein snack such as lean meat or cheese before going to bed. ( Protein stays in your stomach longer than other foods.) You'll to prevent dehydration. Choose cold beverages such as water, flat soda, or flavored drink mixes. You can also suck on ice cubes and eat Popsicles to stay hydrated. Take your anti-nausea medicine on schedule. Call your doctor if your vomiting is severe or comes back often so you can't keep anything down, or when you also have any of these symptoms: Dark urine Small amount of urine Rapid heart rate Headaches Dizziness when standing up Flushed, dry skin Coated tongue Irritability and confusion Before each treatment session, tell your health care team if you've been feeling queasy.
|
14911634bf93f655396cf88e2dd561d8
|
Is nausea and vomiting severe with chemotherapy?
|
When they do happen, it tends to be less severe and pass more quickly than in the past. Also, your cancer drugs can't work if you've thrown them up.
|
123e74ee3987224da9ce00e29dbd8f21
|
Is nausea or vomiting during chemotherapy dangerous?
|
If you vomit more than three times a day and you don't drink enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. You may also need fluids through an IV to help your body reset its chemical balance and regain nutrients for energy.
|
a3c6992bb9a22fffad461d213c995e3f
|
Should you exercise if you have cystic fibrosis (CF)?
|
But many treatments can reduce your symptoms and improve your quality of life. For instance, clapping or pounding on your chest and back helps loosen mucus so you can cough more of it out. When you work out, you breathe faster and harder, which helps you cough up more mucus. Check with your doctor first about what types of activities are safe for you.
|
80823c659469afb573bf37232327dba6
|
What are the symptoms of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)?
|
You may also have symptoms like: Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Night sweats Weight loss With cutaneous ALCL, you may first notice one or more raised, red bumps on the skin that don't go away. These are tumors. They can form open sores, and they may itch. Cancer is found in lymph nodes in only one part of the body, like the neck or groin.
|
a949532449164ac596000c787239e53a
|
What can you expect if you are diagnosed with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)?
|
Treatments can help you fight it. Sometimes, the cancer comes back. Ask your doctor what to watch for, and listen to your body. The treatments can bring discomfort. Make sure your doctor knows how you're feeling. Take advantage of other therapies that can ease symptoms and help you feel better. A serious illness is hard for the whole family. It's natural that you will have questions, concerns, and frustrations. Find the support you need, and ask for help when you need it. Keep informed about research that's under way. You may be able to take part in a clinical trial.
|
e7cfb90499c9e42ec81b620b8cb2bd90
|
How can you get support if you have anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)?
|
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma ( ALCL) is a rare type of blood cancer. Find the support you need, and ask for help when you need it.
|
d6273610b2d4a720f8dba27bfe45e872
|
What is a chalazion?
|
Doctors call it a âchalazionâ -- âchalaziaâ if you have more than one. It's one of the most common types of eyelid lumps. Chalazia are more likely to appear on your upper eyelid, though they sometimes show up on the lower eyelid. Your doctor may want to check it and tell you how to take care of it to help it heal.
|
a62d641bc6821820ef01c93d44334bcf
|
Can I treat chalazia at home?
|
After a few days the pain usually goes away and a bump or lump remains. One home remedy is to apply warm, moist heat to the area. Your doctor or nurse can give you instructions. Make sure you know how long and how often you should do this. With clean hands, gently push on the chalazia to help it naturally drain. Make the call if you think you have a chalazion. Your doctor may want to check it and tell you how to take care of it to help it heal.
|
3876e41d122c01fcf0bb362d0493287b
|
What is the home treatment for a chalazion?
|
After a few days the pain usually goes away and a bump or lump remains. One home remedy is to apply warm, moist heat to the area. Your doctor or nurse can give you instructions. Make sure you know how long and how often you should do this. With clean hands, gently push on the chalazia to help it naturally drain. Make the call if you think you have a chalazion. Your doctor may want to check it and tell you how to take care of it to help it heal.
|
6bfb9f3fd3148e801481f7cfc63b16dd
|
How is a chalazion diagnosed?
|
There are no special tests. Your doctor usually just checks your eyes. He'll probably ask you questions about your symptoms, past eye problems, and your health history in general. You may see either an ophthalmologist or optometrist, who'll check the chalazia to rule out other eye problems.
|
65a5cc10c2717a7107242e05a38cace7
|
When should I call the doctor about my newborn's vomiting?
|
If that doesn't help after a day or two, call your pediatrician. It could indicate an infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or, in rare cases, pyloric stenosis, a thickening of stomach muscles that requires surgery.
|
ea33432233a8432074772b787c2c67a2
|
When should I call the doctor about my newborn's cold?
|
And your little one can't tell you what's wrong. But call the doctor if your baby is so stuffed up she has trouble feeding or sleeping, if she seems especially cranky, or if nasal symptoms last longer than 10-14 days.
|
95efd7b3d2106e60e7ecd92019e5b1a7
|
When should I call my doctor about my newborn's diaper rash?
|
Fever in newborns may be due to a serious condition such as bacterial meningitis or sepsis, a bloodstream infection. A cold that doesn't get better.
|
a0e91f76bcac04733dc565b3eb370759
|
What causes pulmonary embolism (PE)?
|
A pulmonary embolism most often starts in your legs, in one of the veins that brings blood to your heart and lungs. This kind of serious, painful experience can leave you feeling sad or scared, especially if your recovery puts new limits on what you can do.
|
2cc403ce525965083133c2fbc2ca8fec
|
How can pulmonary embolism (PE) affect your mental health?
|
It's a serious condition, and recovery can take weeks or months. You also should talk to your doctor about any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take.
|
372c00d844db52ba905752f6e39f7d0f
|
Why does caffeine affect insulin and blood sugar levels?
|
It can raise blood sugar and insulin levels for those with the disease. But they think it may work this way: Caffeine raises levels of certain stress hormones, like epinephrine (also called adrenaline). Epinephrine can prevent your cells from processing as much sugar. It may also keep your body from making as much insulin. It blocks a protein called adenosine. This molecule plays a big role in how much insulin your body makes. It also controls how your cells respond to it. Caffeine keeps adenosine from doing its job. It can't clear sugar from your blood as quickly. It takes a toll on your sleep. Too much caffeine can keep you awake. Lack of sleep may also lower your insulin sensitivity.
|
2100e63538b2c2eae38471f852e5a99b
|
How much caffeine is too much caffeine?
|
That's the amount in about one or two cups of brewed coffee or three or four cups of black tea. You may be able to handle more or less caffeine. People can have different reactions to the drug. Your response depends on things like your age and weight. The caffeine in a cup of java makes it tougher to control your blood sugar.
|
10ce89ca7c7739f8234776ddec31664b
|
What is athlete's foot?
|
Fungal infections of the skin are very common and include athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and yeast infections. The fungus grows best in a warm, moist environment such as shoes, socks, swimming pools, locker rooms, and the floors of public showers. It is most common in the summer and in warm, humid climates. It occurs more often in people who wear tight shoes, stay in sweaty socks, and who use community baths and pools. However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea.
|
be235eb7c4d7adce417036f4dac43582
|
What are the symptoms of ringworm?
|
It is often accompanied by scaly skin. There may be more than one patch of ringworm on the skin, and patches or red rings of rash may overlap. It is possible to have ringworm without having the common red ring of rash.
|
7714686ef35e4815af972eae60da87f4
|
Is jock itch contagious?
|
The condition can be spread from person to person through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying the fungus. Yeast infections are not contagious.
|
ab93034a22fc61e7589d534680f9efa3
|
How is athlete's foot prevented?
|
Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the foot. Drying the feet thoroughly and using a quality foot powder can also help prevent athlete's foot.
|
73fe49b99f5605f5b91136468a89dfb0
|
What are yeast infections?
|
Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea. They occur when yeast on the skin grows more actively and causes a red, scaling, itchy rash on the skin. Yeast infections are not contagious. Yeast infections may affect nearly any skin surface on the body, but are most likely to occur in warm, moist, creased areas including the armpits and the groin. Candida infection is especially common among people who are obese or who have diabetes. People taking antibiotics are also at risk. Candida can cause diaper rash in infants and can cause infections of the nail. Oral thrush is a form of candida infection that is found in the mouth. Candida also causes vaginal yeast infections.
|
85cc500c56d2444d0e84ecde49d296cb
|
How are yeast infections diagnosed?
|
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and will perform a physical exam. Your doctor may scrape the skin to confirm the diagnosis under a microscope.
|
14747f1a65da4cf7b6cda8dd0988c26e
|
What are the symptoms of athlete's foot?
|
However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. The condition can be spread from person to person through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying the fungus.
|
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