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ea9ccce4395ba139f9cd9d4939917242 | How long does an MRI take? | Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam. In most cases, the procedure takes 40 to 80 minutes; during that time, several dozen images may be taken. |
522fc4d74f1072cc90251cb0fc4d64e3 | Is an MRI safe? | The MRI exam poses no risk to the average person if appropriate safety guidelines are followed. Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea. Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam. |
dcb0395337eec01b01dd85d9c361b4f7 | Can multiple sclerosis be diagnosed with an MRI? | Disease-related changes in the brain or spinal cord are detected by MRI in more than 90% of people suspected of having MS. MRI is a test that produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. To detect MS. MRI is considered the best test to help diagnose MS. |
909ff3e8dec8e9627a685015ddea4757 | What are the symptoms of sickle cell crisis? | The most common sign is pain that might be dull, stabbing, throbbing, or sharp, and seems to come out of nowhere. How severe it is and how long it lasts varies with different people and different crises. Some people have crises here and there, while others may have them every month. |
3eeeee1f5ba108f4337dba99288843fd | What are at home treatments for sickle cell crisis? | Often, you can treat the pain at home. When a crisis first starts, your doctor will likely suggest you drink plenty of liquids and take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Talk to your doctor to see what's safe for you. For example, if you have a kidney problem, acetaminophen might be the better choice. For more severe pain, your doctor may give you a stronger medicine. You can also try a heating pad, hot bath, or a massage. Physical therapy may provide some relief, too. And don't forget to tend to your mind. Counseling, relaxation methods like meditation, and seeking support from family and friends are key steps in keeping yourself well. If you can't manage the pain at home, go to an emergency room, where they can give you stronger pain medicine. You may need to stay in the hospital until the pain is under control. |
2d6d7c4d6dfa6ac44f6f9ff9c4b034ee | What are the causes of sickle cell crisis? | You might feel the pain anywhere in your body and in more than one place, but it's often in your: Arms and legs Belly Chest Hands and feet (more typical in young children) Lower back You may also have: Breathing problems Extreme tiredness Headache or dizziness Painful erections in males Weakness or a hard time moving some parts of your body Yellowish skin color (jaundice) Typically, you won't know why you had a crisis, and there may be more than one cause. Possible triggers include: Being at high altitudes (mountain climbing, for example) Changes in temperature, like if you go from a warm house into a cold winter day and you haven't bundled up Illness Not having enough to drink (dehydration) Stress Two new drugs have shown promise. |
0adc3e8914204463ac00f11169036550 | How are bladder infections treated? | If it doesn't, it's usually treated with antibiotics. You usually start to feel better in a day or so, but be sure take all the medicine as directed. Women with a basic infection usually take antibiotics for 3 to 7 days, though some doctors may give you an antibiotic you can take just once. For stronger infections, or if you get them often, you may take antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. And, if you have another health condition, such as diabetes, you may get a stronger antibiotic to take over a longer time. For women past menopause, your doctor may also suggest a vaginal cream with estrogen, if it's safe for you. For men who have a bladder infection caused by a prostate infection, you may be on antibiotics for several weeks. Your doctor may also give you medicine to help with symptoms such as pain or the constant urge to pee. |
3800c16f2c9293fa29b2d54217ccf4cf | How is a UTI diagnosed? | You'll take a urine test. Your doctor will test it for bacteria and red and white blood cells. A urine culture may also be checked. |
4c472befa55c9f36cd881db3590c4020 | What are the symptoms of a UTI? | If you have a UTI, you may have: An urgent need to pee, or peeing more often Trouble with peeing A burning sensation or cramps in your lower back or lower belly A burning feeling when you pee Urine that looks cloudy or has an odor Hormones are one reason. |
0096668454547e394334f01fe5ee3a4a | Where does a UTI happen? | A urinary tract infection happens in the body's urinary system, which includes your: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carries urine from your kidneys to your bladder) Bladder Urethra (a short tube that carries urine from your bladder to outside your body) Bacteria cause most UTIs. |
d2c25c0aa6d848a2761ed24f9fd55edd | What's the treatment for a UTI? | You'll take antibiotics for 3-7 days or as your doctor recommends. Take all of your medication on schedule anyway. Don't stop it early, even if your symptoms fade. |
b9e2faf4c5f581038ff7c34dc2cec639 | What should you do if you get a UTI during pregnancy? | Most of these infections are limited to the bladder and urethra. But sometimes they can lead to a kidney infection. If they do, UTIs may lead to preterm labor (giving birth too early) and low birth weight. Your symptoms should go away in 3 days. If you need a lubricant when you have sex, choose a water-based one. |
54a4c2b4279e0e9457df12b464faca0b | How can someone help someone during an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode? | How to help: Call a doctor right away. AFib episodes rarely cause serious problems, but they'll need to get checked out with a physical exam. If they're uncomfortable or their heart is beating rapidly, call 911 or go to an emergency room. Doctors may use medications or a device called a defibrillator to help their heart go back to a normal rhythm. |
a037fa35a7be075583b8e4198142c9d1 | What are the symptoms of a stroke? | The symptoms: Remember the initials F. A. S. T. Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911 Stroke can also bring on a severe headache, vision problems, dizziness, confusion, trouble speaking, or numbness or weakness on one side of the body. How to help: Call 911. |
7dc8c0780b594bfe53a67104649dcbae | What is an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode? | What it is: When the heart beats irregularly, causing it to flutter, race, pound, or noticeably skip beats, that's an AFib episode. |
8a89a7777dca3e55ff64571a8f27fa27 | How can someone help someone who is having a heart attack? | How to help: If they have these warning signs, call 911 right away, even if you're not sure it's a heart attack. It's better to be wrong than to wait too long. The 911 operator will stay on the phone with you until help arrives. Tell them that the person has AFib. They may give you specific instructions for while you wait. |
af6ce4234ec708842bd221617e037ae6 | How does listing medications and other health conditions for atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients help medical professionals? | To get started, make a list of their health conditions and the medications they take. That way, you can share the list with medical professionals during any emergency. If your loved one takes blood thinners, they should wear a medical bracelet or tag saying so. You'll also want to know what happens during an AFib episode, heart attack, and stroke, and the different warning signs of each. |
16e8dddbdf126f78fed781731626a6b7 | What are the symptoms of a heart attack? | The symptoms: The main ones are discomfort, pain, pressure, or heaviness in the chest. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion. Important: Women don't always have "typical" symptoms. They may vomit or feel tingling or pain in their back, shoulders, arm, or jaw. |
b97bf217d5c7854f602e6ba4fdbd24d3 | What are the symptoms of an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode? | The symptoms: Your loved one may be very tired and short of breath. They may feel faint, anxious, or confused. |
8b2c4948d9c0db28d5366fa56ede1431 | What is a heart attack? | What it is: A heart attack happens when blood doesn't flow to the organ like it should because of a blockage. This can damage its tissue and could be deadly. |
d62c38188cd3f2b0277cad8f448fa661 | How can an irregular heartbeat cause complications? | When you're prepared to spot and handle what's going on, you can help your loved one get the medical care they need faster, and ease your worries, too. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion. |
040d6ac2f6a060b4840d7ed2e504fb5e | Are there potential side effects of systemic psoriasis drugs? | At the same time, systemic psoriasis drugs can have more side effects. Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you. |
c977f316ae15c12ed5acca8de694c08f | What are the different levels of psoriasis? | Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected. |
62bc463621d3af48176789b0d0ec58a8 | How is the severity of psoriasis divided? | If you're thinking about systemic treatment, think about how severe your psoriasis is. Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected. A doctors' rule of thumb: Topical therapies can help limited psoriasis. For moderate to severe psoriasis, putting topical creams to all the skin that's affected may be unrealistic. Most doctors recommend systemic treatment, in that case. Doctors also often recommend that people still use topical creams, solutions, or ointments while taking systemic treatments. The combination leads to better results than either treatment used alone. |
906cf4a32ea3c52ef043c308e6a06892 | What are the topical therapies used to treat psoriasis? | A topical therapy is any psoriasis treatment that's put on the skin. Absorption into the bloodstream and other effects to your body are minimal. Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body. |
2ea00b6919c133a7433d12e5dd3725b0 | What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis? | Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body. These treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Advanced psoriasis treatments include: Oral medications (pills) like acitretin ( Soriatane), apremilast ( Otezla), cyclosporine, and methotrexate Biologic therapies, including adalimumab ( Humira), brodalumab ( Siliq), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), guselkumab ( Tremfya), infliximab ( Remicade), ixekizumab ( Taltz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), and ustekinumab ( Stelara). These are injectable drugs. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects. |
67ecc45340eb2484b3cee99d72c8468a | How can the severity of your psoriasis affect you? | Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you. These are injectable drugs. Doctors and people with psoriasis don't always agree on what's mild and what's serious. Psoriasis can affect self-image and make people self-conscious. This can even lead to depression and social isolation. |
7d2146aadf4dcd0a3584c8cd72d1776a | What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis treatments? | These can be more effective and convenient than topicals. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects. |
784be23622bb9f3b89ba2d119a3564da | How is psychodynamic therapy different from other therapies for depression? | Psychodynamic therapy is one of three main types of therapy used to treat depression. The other two are cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) and interpersonal therapy ( IPT). With IPT the emphasis is on identifying issues and problems in interpersonal relationships and learning ways to address and improve them. Both CBT and IPT are also time-limited, short-term therapies. In psychodynamic therapy, the patient is encouraged to talk freely about whatever happens to be on his or her mind. Another distinction between the types of therapies is that psychodynamic therapy is not necessarily a short-term, time-limited treatment. |
38526395b123741ff72925e3782ad530 | What is psychodynamic therapy, and how can it help treat depression? | Psychodynamic therapy is the kind of talk therapy many people imagine when they think of psychological treatment for depression. That's because the image of the psychiatrist and patient probing the past is a staple of our popular culture. It can be found on sitcoms or in jokes. By making the unconscious elements of their life a part of their present experience, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand how their behavior and mood are affected by unresolved issues and unconscious feelings. |
557586d664ca90c469504f6c10f28b7e | How can apps help me manage my chemotherapy? | It's important to eat right when you're getting cancer treatment. Many hospitals also have websites and apps where you can make appointments, check your test results, or order prescriptions. A slew of apps can help you make sure you take your drugs on time. |
195bcebe0ea086435ed4b4d8c8e0f1e9 | What are symptoms of liver disease in dogs? | Your dog's symptoms may include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Vomiting or diarrhea Increased thirst An unstable walk Increased need to pee Confusion Yellowish eyes, tongue, or gums (jaundice) Signs of weakness Blood in his pee or poop Seizures Ascites (a build-up of fluid in the belly) If your dog's liver disease isn't caught early, it can lead to a serious brain condition called hepatic encephalopathy. |
15030080ff3a70fdb4d82d1d764ec978 | How do vets diagnose liver problems in dogs? | Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications. The vet may want to do blood tests and X-rays or an ultrasound to get a picture of what is going on with your dog's liver. He may also want to take a biopsy -- remove a small tissue sample for testing. |
44b5d766ee2acc8db2680a93f2d4c6fe | What causes liver problems in dogs? | Sometimes it's genetic. But it can also be brought on by infection or trauma to the area. Some diseases and medications can hurt your dog's liver. Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications. |
27a9aaff1be8758a9a682bd7cccf780c | How do you prevent liver disease in dogs? | Take him to the vet for his yearly exams and vaccinations. Make sure your vet is aware of any drugs or supplements he may take. Be mindful of what you feed your dog. Fatty foods can hurt his liver. And don't let your dog roam free in areas where there may be poisonous plants or insects. |
308d2aa49375fb5666891cadc0efc2fd | How do you treat liver disease in dogs? | Your dog's treatment will depend on how soon you catch the problem and what caused it. Your dog may need a special diet to make sure he's getting the nutrients and calories needed to help his liver. Supplements such as SAM- E or milk thistle may help the liver recover. Medications may help control his liver problems. You may also need to change your dog's other medications or reduce how much he takes. Surgery may be an option for dogs with tumors or cysts. |
af6fc734ece82d39168d9de4a33ce9d3 | What should I expect during pericardiocentesis? | You will get a mild sedative to relax you, but you will be conscious during the procedure. An IV (intravenous) line is inserted into your hand or arm in case fluids or medications are needed. The doctor will use a local anesthetic to numb an area on your chest. A needle will be inserted, and then a catheter (a thin plastic tube) will be threaded into the sac around your heart. The doctor may use an X-ray or echocardiogram machine to make sure the catheter is in the right spot. The doctor will then drain the fluid around your heart. |
debcb1dc619daf219fb6ec8e3167ea86 | Why is pericardiocentesis performed? | Your doctor uses it to: Find out if the fluid around your heart is caused by problems such as infection or cancer Relieve symptoms, like shortness of breath, that are caused by the fluid around your heart Your doctor or nurse will tell you what you can and can't eat or drink before it. |
d54806e07c24f13e794ae150f973e154 | What should I expect after having pericardiocentesis? | Your doctor will monitor you for several hours. If the operation isn't successful, more procedures may be needed to drain fluid from around the heart or to thin out the pericardium to relieve pressure. |
fedf55012c774013932ea8b93515f7cc | What are the risks of pericardiocentesis? | Pericardiocentesis, also called a pericardial tap, is a procedure in which a needle and catheter remove fluid from the pericardium, the sac around your heart. But he procedure may: Bring on an irregular heart rhythm Cause cardiac arrest Cause a heart attack Puncture the heart, liver, lung, or stomach |
3c8c15524eed115196bcd50075df1e5f | What is mutation testing for gastrointestinal-stromal tumors? | At this time, mutation testing is recommended for everyone with GIST. Testing for the Kit mutation will be positive in 87% of cases of GIST. Testing for the PDGFRA genetic mutation will be positive in 4% of GIST cases. How is this cancer staged? |
fdd4a77c737829d440156fd2e8a28556 | What does surgery for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor consist of? | The primary treatment of GIST is surgery to remove the tumor, if possible (85% of the time). Surgery is recommended for any tumor over 2 cm in size. The actual surgical procedure will differ depending on where the tumor is located. It may be done using laparoscopic or open surgical techniques. The surgeon will remove the tumor and a small area of tissue surrounding the tumor, taking care not to rupture the tumor, which would cause cancer cells to spill into the abdomen. |
62c76d63c9be6eacbbf27ff2b9db477e | What other treatment options are available for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor if Imatinib (Gleevec) can't be used? | If you can't take Gleevec or become resistant to it over time, another drug called sunitinib ( Sutent) is available. The drug regorafenib ( Stivarga) is used to treat patients who have tumors that cannot be surgically removed and no longer respond to Gleevec or Sutent. Other drugs such as sorafenib ( Nexavar), dasatinib ( Sprycel), and nilotinib ( Tasigna) are currently under study for GIST. Research has found that chemotherapy and radiation are not effective in the treatment of GIST. |
4a205511ab85f5febc263999dfa4c5bd | How do I know if gastrointestinal-stromal tumor cancer will return after treatment? | It's difficult to predict if GIST cancer will return. Based on tumor size and how fast it is growing, the tumor will be categorized as low, intermediate, or high risk. The location of the primary tumor also plays a role in the risk of tumor recurrence. Tumors in the stomach are less aggressive than tumors that develop elsewhere in the GI tract. |
8b513413a68f1bdceeeced51b1b984fa | What causes gastrointestinal-stromal tumors? | GIST is caused by a genetic mutation, an error in the normal order of genes. In most cases, the mutation is to a gene that directs the cells to make a protein (called KIT or CD117) that causes the cells to grow and divide. In this case, the gene mutation causes the ICC cells to grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, leading to a tumor. Risk factors for GIST include certain inherited gene mutations. |
a46869b9134180ab74fbf91f05a668e5 | What factors determine the stage of gastrointestinal-stromal tumors? | Doctors use staging to determine the extent of a malignancy. These three factors determine staging: The size and location of the tumor Whether or not cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs How fast the cells are growing The chart below shows how letters and numbers are used to identify your cancer stage. |
b24bb702cd6812cc87c17ea5150c0b10 | What specialists should I see for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor? | Because GIST is rare and can be unpredictable, choosing the correct doctor is an important decision. There are a limited number of doctors and medical centers experienced in treating GIST. Talk to your doctor about finding a doctor who is skilled in GIST treatment. In most cases, a team of experts is assembled to treat you. These medical experts include: A cancer specialist (oncologist) A doctor specializing in treatment of the GI tract (gastroenterologist) A surgeon Take an active role in your treatment and work closely with the medical team. |
baa7847f5abf6183e14b3bf5824f4fde | Which drinks help keep your mouth healthy? | The best food choices for the health of your mouth include cheeses, chicken or other meats, nuts, and milk. |
a663e46c4031d9925bf513325672b4de | Which foods are bad for your mouth? | Poor food choices include candy -- such as lollipops, hard candies, and mints -- cookies, cakes, pies, breads, muffins, potato chips, pretzels, french fries, bananas, raisins, and other dried fruits. These foods contain large amounts of sugar and/or can stick to teeth, providing a fuel source for bacteria. |
d9734187ba442773f37d0aee9e6d014a | What are some basic tips for teeth and gum care? | Use a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Use a mouth rinse daily. Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings -- typically twice a year. Eat a variety of foods to maintain overall health. Eat fewer foods containing sugars and starches between meals. |
6d9fd0d6b55dbd883a9859d56be6371e | Which foods help keep your mouth healthy? | The best food choices for the health of your mouth include cheeses, chicken or other meats, nuts, and milk. These foods are thought to protect tooth enamel by providing the calcium and phosphorus needed to remineralize teeth (a natural process by which minerals are redeposited in tooth enamel after being removed by acids). For those people that are lactose intolerant and cannot ingest milk products, green vegetables such as broccoli and spinach are high in calcium. Other food choices include firm/crunchy fruits (for example, apples and pears) and vegetables. |
e34378b276a9073c062d2bb19db49061 | When should I call the doctor about nocturnal back pain? | Other "red flags" include: Back pain that spreads down one or both legs Weakness, numbness, or tingling in legs New problems with bowel or bladder control Pain or throbbing in your abdomen Fever Spots warm to the touch Unexplained weight loss History of cancer History of a suppressed immune system History of trauma If one or more of these symptoms accompanies back pain -- especially if you have a history of cancer -- see your doctor right away. It's also important to call the doctor if your back pain is the result of a recent injury. It's important to note that it's rare that nighttime back pain is caused by a tumor, infection, or AS. |
a3ce20f439cff9d5e0e9548497a05bd1 | What is nighttime back pain? | The majority of people with back pain are able to adjust how they sleep to get relief from the pain they experience during the day. But with nighttime back pain -- also called nocturnal back pain -- the hurting doesn't stop when a person lies down, no matter what adjustments he or she makes. For some, the pain actually gets worse. But then at night, he or she might find it nearly impossible to get a full night's sleep. |
3b351d41410a9ee4df175977e76a915a | What should I know about nighttime back pain? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In the U. S., up to 80% of the population experiences some form of low back pain at some time in their lives. It's the second most common reason people see their doctor. But as debilitating as back pain can be, most instances of it are manageable, and people who get adequate rest and proper exercise often see improvement within a matter of weeks. With nighttime back pain, however, people can't get the rest they need because they can't get relief from their pain. It could be a primary tumor, one that originates in the spine, or it could be a metastatic tumor, one that results from cancer that started elsewhere in the body and then spread to the spine. |
d36ef40a967d562717402266ba788f5c | How can I avoid germs at the park? | Steer clear of sandboxes. They attract cats and other animals. Cat droppings can carry bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Keep away from stray dogs. Up to 20% of dog bites lead to infection. Dog droppings can carry bacteria and parasites like hookworms. Avoid any wild animals, such as raccoons, squirrels, or prairie dogs. They can carry germs that lead to infections. Have your child wash his hands after the visit. |
f921921fd667cecfe4ca136b5f1048fc | How can I keep my child away from germs at the petting zoo? | Taking your toddler to a petting zoo or the county fair animal exhibit can be fun and educational. Besides supervising your children, here are some tips to reduce your child's exposure to germs around the animals. Find the hand washing stations as soon as you get there. And make liberal use of the sanitizer dispensers. Don't take food or drink in with the animals. Leave strollers, pacifiers, and cups outside, too. Don't let an animal lick your child. Wash your toddler's hands when you leave, even if he didn't pet an animal. Don't try samples of raw, unpasteurized milk. |
6582f08403115ca74fa1ac2257f98654 | How can I keep my child from getting infections from our cat? | Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Keep your child away from the litter box. If your child is old enough to change the litter box, teach proper habits and ensure good hand washing after the chore. Pick a spot in the house besides the bedroom for the cats to sleep. Most pediatricians suggest that you don't sleep with your cats. Don't let the cat lick your child's face or skin, especially open wounds. Teach your child to wash her hands after petting the cats. |
0a71d0f84a7c1caad99b25b046c8bb56 | How do keep my child from getting germs from our dog? | Teach your child to respect the dog by not pulling his hair or hitting him. If the dog gets upset and nips or bites, germs in his saliva can cause a potentially serious skin infection. But dry dog foods, dog treats, and the water bowl can carry germs. Put them where your child can't reach or have him wash his hands after handling them. Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Be sure your toddler doesn't grab the dog's toys and put them in his mouth. Get the dog his own bed. Teach your child to wash his hands after petting the dog. |
2eabfe82853b056ed5568786d192c93e | What will a doctor need to know before diagnosing ADHD? | The tests include: A medical and social history of both the child and the family. |
9a72e968541a8e8eedb95210ed08b079 | How often should dosage of stimulant medication for ADHD be monitored? | A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects. |
2d24640ce16ac4240ce6e1d189516fad | What physical examinations will be done before an ADHD diagnosis? | A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision , hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if there is a possibility that hyperactivity is related to some other physical problem. |
1bb69b9bb49de460a6f3721e79aa8fae | What are the more serious side effects of stimulant medication for ADHD? | However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. |
893c870dd5d482f68f2f7dc932e7e66d | What are lifestyle tips for the treatment of ADHD? | These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Organizations include Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD). Boost your child's self-esteem. Because a child with ADHD may have difficulty processing directions and other information, he or she is apt to be bombarded with corrections, leaving him with a low opinion of himself. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Now, get dressed. "), instead of general (" Get ready for school."). Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Don't let homework or screen time monopolize all of your child's time after school. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization. |
3f0a12c09dc59d828c0c07048480765d | What tests are used to diagnose ADHD? | The tests include: A medical and social history of both the child and the family. A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision , hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if there is a possibility that hyperactivity is related to some other physical problem. An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These evaluations are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age. A scan, called the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The most effective treatment for ADHD is thought to be a combination of medication and psychological and behavioral therapies. |
910958a5b6c612577b4f11f54cd5a69d | What other drugs are used to treat ADHD? | In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others. |
c5115aff5a55490ad22e91c7acbc95fc | How is ADHD diagnosed? | There is no single test for ADHD. Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. The doctor will also gather information about any similar problems that run in the family and consider all possible causes. |
1b67d27bdddc2049acf2ade3e00c1dac | How is psychological therapy used to treat ADHD? | Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. It can be quite effective, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn techniques to help the child's behavior. It is often combined with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child has low self-esteem, depression or anxiety. |
c8f5943b2bbb960ae84eedea75282170 | What is the test for ADHD? | There is no single test for ADHD. Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. The doctor will also gather information about any similar problems that run in the family and consider all possible causes. To confirm a diagnosis of ADHD or learning differences, a battery of tests may be given to assess a child's neurological and psychological status. The tests should be given by a pediatrician or mental health provider with experience in diagnosing and treating ADHD . |
b6128c05b05061d1acc18d0bd02f1031 | What psychological therapy is recommended for ADHD? | Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. It can be quite effective, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn techniques to help the child's behavior. It is often combined with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child has low self-esteem, depression or anxiety. |
b0f512ff51dc065cd2cedb8fe8fa0e94 | What skill evaluations will be done before an ADHD diagnosis? | An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These evaluations are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age. |
d6573a34b3580b631c664c4d6553174e | Is stimulant medication for ADHD effective? | Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. |
fbddbb62d92cdaba0b3ed1f09a1af78d | How often do stimulant medications need to be taken? | The newest formulations allow children to take the medicine only once a day. |
0652b82661134a8879d371f02abd78f3 | What are the non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD? | Atomoxetine ( Strattera ) and clonidine ( Catapres and Kapvay) are two non-stimulant drugs for ADHD. Another drug similar to clonidine, approved for children aged 6 to 17, is guanfacine ( Intuniv), which uses the same active ingredient as guanfacine hydrochloride ( Tenex), ablood pressuremedicine that has been used as an ADHD treatment. |
8dbed9d330a6396b8a22e103476a92d9 | Do non-stimulant medications for ADHD have side effects? | Of course, these drugs have their own side effects and risks, and your doctor will want to watch for problems. In 2005, the FDA issued a public health advisory about rare reports of suicidal thinking in children and adolescents taking Strattera. |
c5f41b5e9e578f55963c613b9387098a | What are the common side effects of stimulant medication for ADHD? | Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety . |
bfcd15cb76faddad21b6c3460e63ace6 | What are some lifestyle tips I can use to improve my child's life with ADHD? | These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization. |
a73549054eeb3daf26948ea92cd37e8c | Are any medications other than stimulants and non-stimulants used to treat ADHD? | Non-stimulants. In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others. |
bd598d69b8a9293280f3e24bd8c5dc25 | What is the best kind of treatment for ADHD? | Close cooperation among therapists, doctors, teachers, and parents is very important, and team meetings help. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. |
9668b489d931a471f81a7f7d838f0348 | How are stimulants used to treat ADHD? | Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects. Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety . However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. |
b1711292deea6858c58d47bb059d5d6f | What are the treatments for ADHD? | Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. |
cef68a3b8dfece906be68f56acf3c5e3 | Can tamoxifen or birth control pills cause endometrial cancer? | Postmenopausal women have a high risk for endometrial cancer if they: Got their first period early Went through menopause late Are obese Have diabetes or high blood pressure Have few or no children Have a history of infertility, irregular periods, or abnormal cells in the endometrium (called endometrial hyperplasia) Have a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer Women taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer. But women who have taken birth control pills are only half as likely to have endometrial cancer after menopause. |
60827da710b45690e5e009d54ac0a802 | Am I at risk for endometrial cancer? | More than 95% of endometrial cancer happens in women over 40. Postmenopausal women have a high risk for endometrial cancer if they: Got their first period early Went through menopause late Are obese Have diabetes or high blood pressure Have few or no children Have a history of infertility, irregular periods, or abnormal cells in the endometrium (called endometrial hyperplasia) Have a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer Women taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer. |
55f66356f98afac0dbb796188247a216 | Do high-fat diets cause endometrial cancer? | High-fat diets, especially containing red meat, can increase the risk of cancer, including endometrial and colon cancer. |
9d11899752d239941404ceef753068de | What is endometrial cancer? | Most cancers of the uterus are endometrial cancer. If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to the bladder or rectum, or it can spread to the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and more distant organs. Fortunately, endometrial cancer grows slowly and, with regular checkups, is usually found before spreading very far. |
2a7199ee76d4688b3eb35a9dd321af5b | Can endometrial cancer be prevented? | Most endometrial cancer cannot be prevented. But there are certain things a woman can do to lower her risk. Taking birth control lowers the risk, but first talk with a doctor about possible pros and cons. Being healthy, eating well, and watching your weight may help lower the risk. |
64b0e1a49e66802dd12f721fae3d4872 | Can endometrial cancer spread? | If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to the bladder or rectum, or it can spread to the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and more distant organs. Fortunately, endometrial cancer grows slowly and, with regular checkups, is usually found before spreading very far. |
1ff4f11238f09cad1d6329530cfa5121 | Do ovarian tumors lead to endometrial cancer? | Rare ovarian tumors can make estrogen and increase a woman's chance of having endometrial cancer. |
9e6a1599607720a0a2c7fa30a51dfa85 | How do I pay for weight loss surgery? | Contact your insurance company to ask what it covers and what it requires. Many insurance companies want to know what you've done to try to lose weight before surgery. Paying for weight loss surgery yourself is very expensive. A typical weight loss operation can run from $15,000 to $25,000 on average. There may be financing options; check the terms carefully so you know what you're getting into. |
15818c29a7747aa4bcdef29fc11b2a72 | What can you expect when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain? | When you take narcotic drugs, you also run the risk of developing a tolerance to the drugs. That means you need more and more of the drugs in order to get the same effect. You also run the risk of becoming dependent or even addicted. In addition, narcotic drugs can cause side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, and difficulty urinating. |
79ebc88b267100a3168f5fd59a179d9f | What should you keep in mind when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain? | They include: buprenorphine transdermal patch ( Butrans) fentanyl transdermal patch ( Duragesic) hydrocodone ( Hysingla, Zohydro) hydromorphone ( Dilaudid, Exalgo) methadone ( Dolophine, Methadose) morphine ( Arymo, Kadian, MS Contin, Morphabond) oxycodone ( Oxaydo, Oxy Contin, Xtampza, Xartemis) Oxymorphone ( Opana) Roxy Bond Tapentadol ( Nucynta) Tramadol ( Conzip) Troxyca ER Vantrela ER If you're taking a narcotic for arthritis pain, keep in mind that alcohol and drugs containing acetaminophen or Tylenol don't mix. The combination can greatly increase your risk of severe liver damage. |
09c92fff9b1bc2d67c4516ee3181f647 | How do narcotics relieve arthritis pain? | Narcotic drugs work on pain receptors in the brain to relieve pain. If you have pain that isn't relieved by a narcotic drug or NSAID alone, speak to your doctor about combining the two. In some cases, an NSAID/narcotic combination may relieve pain better than either alone. |
ecc17c3fd84318f6f6bd98ebd1536ad1 | What is pulmonary hypertension? | Pulmonary hypertension: High blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries. |
dc88fdcfa66eb21dbc0d0af6fee5f89d | What is coronary artery bypass graft? | Coronary artery bypass graft: If your coronary artery disease results from heart failure, a doctor can take arteries or veins (called grafts) from other parts of your body to reroute blood flow around blocked heart arteries. |
8285f7c45524f69bc5fe06a69e36ce37 | What is carotid artery disease? | Carotid artery disease: A progressive disease that involves the buildup of plaque in your carotid arteries. It can lead to a stroke. |
3ce7b5ad105ccf76d48c52928fdff803 | What is atherosclerosis | Atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries"): Plaque builds up inside your arteries and can lead to coronary artery disease and other problems. |
4716940f06f0748fcb45aa98e155e80a | What is commissurotomy? | Commissurotomy: A surgical procedure that helps open blocked or defective heart valves. |
d61610999861cafac031d102b6d76a04 | What is the definition of carotid artery disease? | Carotid artery disease: A progressive disease that involves the buildup of plaque in your carotid arteries. It can lead to a stroke. |
8324c236524609f89a945105564ea655 | What is the definition of atherectomy (directional coronary atherectomy, or DCA)? | Atherectomy (directional coronary atherectomy, or DCA): A procedure used to clean out clogged arteries. The doctor inserts a catheter with a balloon on one end into a narrowed artery. The balloon is inflated to unclog the artery. A blade inside the catheter rotates to shave off any plaque. The shavings are caught inside the catheter and removed. |
b79b745a46168227404e468b3a7466f9 | What is a myocardial biopsy? | Myocardial biopsy (cardiac biopsy): When your doctor cuts out a tiny piece of heart muscle tissue for analysis. |
668e6fb1688e184dcca068bb58649ca3 | What is congestive heart failure? | Congestive heart failure ( CHF or heart failure): A chronic condition in which your heart muscle weakens and can't pump enough blood through your body. |
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