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9932d18d711b8741349fe36d2939ec74 | What is radical nephrectomy? | The surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma is called a radical nephrectomy. A surgeon removes your whole kidney and some of the tissue around it. If your cancer hasn't spread much farther than your kidney, the procedure might cure you. Even if your cancer has spread, surgery could help you live longer. It can also relieve symptoms like pain and bleeding. |
c0eaa37751db98432b0c80be031840e8 | What happens during radical nephrectomy? | During the procedure, the surgeon makes a cut in your side, back, or belly and removes: Your whole kidney The adrenal gland that's on top of the kidney Some of the fat around the organ Some nearby lymph nodes After surgery, you'll go to a recovery room. |
28b8c745edcd185529e22d1ee1636401 | What are the risks of having a surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma? | Learn the benefits -- and risks -- of surgery so you can decide if it's right for you. If you're having a kidney removed, it's possible that you'll have problems such as: Infection Bleeding Pneumonia A reaction to the anesthesia drugs Damage to organs and blood vessels Your other kidney fails Before your procedure, ask your surgeon about the chances you could have these problems. |
01d48757e2ecfb751de960d65c3f2956 | What is arterial embolization for metastatic renal cell carcinoma? | It can also relieve symptoms like pain and bleeding. During this procedure, the surgeon places small pieces of a special gelatin sponge or other material into the main blood vessel that goes to your kidney. These pieces block blood flow to the organ. Without enough blood, the cancer will shrink. Your doctor may want to do an arterial embolization before you have a radical nephrectomy. Shrinking the tumor can make it easier to do the surgery. |
ec43caf62656df35788a86c98c4c9d1a | What do you need to know about surgery for kidney cancer? | The surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma is called a radical nephrectomy. If your cancer has spread to other organs, you will probably need another treatment besides surgery. If you're not healthy enough for surgery, you have another option. Shrinking the tumor can make it easier to do the surgery. Your doctor might recommend changes to your diet or exercise routine to help keep your kidney healthy. |
775b80cfb4ef3c972ba531b4ea9c3d91 | How long will it take to heal from radical nephrectomy? | This medicine will make you sleep and keep you from feeling pain during the surgery. About 2 weeks later, you'll see your surgeon to check on your progress. If your cancer has spread to other organs, you will probably need another treatment besides surgery. Your doctor might give you targeted therapy or immunotherapy. These treatments kill cancer cells all over your body. |
552f9f6278b6f6cab971ed46976486c3 | What should you do while your ruptured eardrum heals? | While the eardrum heals, you'll need to keep the ear dry. That means no swimming or diving until the doctor says the eardrum is healed. You'll also need to use a shower cap or place cotton coated with petroleum jelly in your outer ear when you shower to keep water out. Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly. |
d6487eb8aa17c65868bbf0fcfbed2a15 | What can a ruptured eardrum lead to? | A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. But typically, especially if you protect your ear, a ruptured eardrum will heal on its own without treatment within a couple of months. |
595f8455a20457d1e67c95739e4e2ff0 | Can head injuries or an ear slap lead to a ruptured eardrum? | A head injury or an ear slap can cause the eardrum to rupture. So can an acoustic trauma caused by a sudden loud noise, such as an explosion or a sudden blast of loud music. |
70b84aa9e68a710a6e5ac6ebb756949a | How can a ruptured eardrum happen? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A ruptured eardrum, like a clap of thunder, can happen suddenly. You may feel a sharp pain in your ear, or an earache that you've had for a while suddenly goes away. It's also possible that you may not have any sign that your eardrum has ruptured. |
3e59614a72c036b31dd8528849b720b8 | What tests are done when diagnosing a ruptured eardrum? | The doctor may also test your hearing to determine how much effect the ruptured eardrum has had on your hearing; he or she may use a tuning fork to test it. The doctor may also ask for an audiology test, which uses a series of tones you listen to with headphones to determine your level of hearing. Most hearing loss due to a ruptured eardrum is temporary. Normal hearing returns usually after the eardrum heals. |
0d3569140c8a8ba5ec6c04d1e5e42ff4 | What can cause a ruptured eardrum? | A number of things can cause the eardrum to rupture; one of the most common causes is an ear infection. When the middle ear is infected, pressure builds up and pushes against the eardrum. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. Another common cause of a ruptured eardrum is poking the eardrum with a foreign object, such as a cotton-tipped swab or a bobby pin that's being used to clean wax out of the ear canal. Sometimes children can puncture their own eardrum by putting objects such as a stick or a small toy in their ear. |
179053dc71d909160b20cd88793fb702 | What do eardrums do? | The eardrum serves two important functions in your ear. It senses vibrating sound waves and converts the vibration into nerve impulses that convey the sound to your brain. It also protects the middle ear from bacteria as well as water and foreign objects. Normally, the middle ear is sterile. But when the eardrum is ruptured, bacteria can get into the middle ear and cause an infection known as otitis media. |
174cf2b532e981210fcd657e7284b5ec | How is a ruptured eardrum diagnosed? | Other symptoms of a ruptured eardrum include: Sudden sharp ear pain or a sudden decrease in ear pain Drainage from the ear that may be bloody, clear, or resemble pus Ear noise or buzzing Hearing loss that may be partial or complete in the affected ear Episodic ear infections Facial weakness or dizziness If you have any of the symptoms of a ruptured eardrum, the doctor will do an otoscopic exam. An otoscope is an instrument with a light that's used to look inside the ear. In most cases, if there is a hole or tear in the eardrum, the doctor will be able to see it. Sometimes there may be too much wax or drainage for the doctor to clearly see the eardrum. If this is the case, the doctor may clean the ear canal or prescribe eardrops for you to use to help clear it. Sometimes, the doctor uses a rubber bulb attached to the otoscope to blow a puff of air into the ear. If the eardrum is not ruptured, it will move when the air hits it. If it is ruptured, it won't. |
fc090ec5c18d88b594b1ed364b36cfbf | How can a ruptured eardrum be prevented? | Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly. It's also important to see a doctor to remove a foreign object in your ear rather than try to remove it yourself. |
2a8bda1b63d904ac5b99af89d64ddb10 | What should you do if your ruptured eardrum takes long to heal? | It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. If the ruptured eardrum is causing you pain, the doctor may recommend using an over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. The surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis. During the procedure, which usually takes a couple of hours, the doctor will attach a piece of your own tissue to the eardrum to rebuild the eardrum. Surgery is most commonly used for large perforations, for perforations that involve the edges of the eardrum, or for ruptured eardrums caused by an ear infection. |
c7f6b086ed96cb0a32d741ad1270f7f3 | What is a ruptured eardrum? | A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. That membrane, known as the tympanic membrane, is made of tissue that resembles skin. |
3fac26da0a4e3679bf8376e123064732 | What is a barotrauma? | A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. The change in pressure is also a common problem for scuba divers. |
0f0a6e12a53d93df39d46ae78d75b34d | What are the risks of smoking? | There are a lot of them. Smoking is life-threatening because it makes you much more likely to get many diseases, like heart disease and cancers of the lungs, stomach, pancreas, kidney, colon, rectum, bladder, esophagus, mouth, throat, and larynx. It also makes you more likely to get acute myeloid leukemia (a blood cancer) and pneumonia. If you're pregnant, smoking makes miscarriage or low birth weight more likely. It's also linked to a bigger chance of sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS) after you have a baby. |
31f9323f812490c351da941245e95cc4 | Will I gain weight if I quit smoking? | Not everyone does. When people do gain weight when they give up smoking, it's usually less than 10 pounds. Eat a healthy diet, stay active, and try not to let any weight gain distract you from your main goal of quitting. Some of the medications to help you quit smoking may delay weight gain. |
828e2eb4c331d7e4b8be022a37636f9e | What can I do to avoid smoking in the morning? | When you first try to quit smoking, change your routine. Eat breakfast in a different place, and drink tea instead of coffee. Take another route to work. The idea is to shake up your habits so they won't trigger you into smoking again. |
42bdbf80314de8a2de3564773691fdbf | How can I get help to quit smoking? | Get one-on-one, group, or telephone counseling to help you quit smoking. There are also apps, websites, and text message programs that can help you stay on track. Check with hospitals or health centers to see if they have quit-smoking programs. Your doctor can also encourage you to keep going. |
d4147a5d502b4691a178fd280a0c2dd5 | How does smoking harm you? | The ashes, tar, gases, and other toxins in cigarettes harm your body over time. They damage your heart and lungs. They also make it harder for you to taste and smell things and fight infections. |
f89f5feaf42bcf38fdd918a0b50157a2 | How can I avoid smoking when I drink? | The idea is to shake up your habits so they won't trigger you into smoking again. I Smoke When I Drink. Booze is a common trigger for smoking, so drinking makes you less likely to stick to your new, smoke-free life. |
367d1f1c687de3ff51015b8e3c6bccea | What is masturbation? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Masturbation is the self-stimulation of the genitals to achieve sexual arousal and pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm (sexual climax). It is commonly done by touching, stroking, or massaging the penis or clitoris until an orgasm is achieved. Some women also use stimulation of the vagina to masturbate or use "sex toys," such as a vibrator. |
fb407380c10bd64d80427ccca26442c0 | Is masturbation normal? | Masturbation is only considered a problem when it inhibits sexual activity with a partner, is done in public, or causes significant distress to the person. It may cause distress if it is done compulsively or interferes with daily life and activities. |
5d8c345d09ba04b51bde18de6efd8002 | Is masturbation harmful? | In general, the medical community considers masturbation to be a natural and harmless expression of sexuality for both men and women. It does not cause any physical injury or harm to the body, and can be performed in moderation throughout a person's lifetime as a part of normal sexual behavior. |
8b05ccb9a01e17ec0704b25d54b87e47 | How does traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause brain swelling? | The following list explains different ways the brain can swell: Traumatic brain injury ( TBI): A TBI is also called a head injury, brain injury, or acquired brain injury. In TBI, a sudden event damages the brain. Both the physical contact itself and the quick acceleration and deceleration of the head can cause the injury. The most common causes of TBI include falls, vehicle crashes, being hit with or crashing into an object, and assaults. The initial injury can cause brain tissue to swell. In addition, broken pieces of bone can rupture blood vessels in any part of the head. The body's response to the injury may also increase swelling. Too much swelling may prevent fluids from leaving the brain. |
bcf61ec3588e8183af10cd106cd0b464 | What are the symptoms of brain swelling? | Symptoms of brain swelling vary, depending on the severity and the cause. Usually they begin suddenly. You may notice any of these symptoms: Headache Neck pain or stiffness Nausea or vomiting Dizziness Irregular breathing Vision loss or changes Memory loss Inability to walk Difficulty speaking Stupor Seizures Loss of consciousness The steps used by your doctor to diagnose brain swelling depend on the symptoms and the suspected cause. |
38d6a752c6f07a35d920235c055102af | How can tumors cause brain swelling? | Tumors: Growths in the brain can cause swelling in several ways. As a tumor develops, it can press against other areas of the brain. Tumors in some parts of the brain may block cerebrospinal fluid from flowing out of the brain. New blood vessels growing in and near the tumor can also lead to swelling. |
f070d0ca1bf9b5ef417ab56a391c7bb7 | What are other names for brain swelling? | Brain swelling goes by many names: Brain edema Elevated intracranial pressure Cerebral edema Swelling can occur in specific locations or throughout the brain. |
0a83559a89f1781a1c25d17752e3cf05 | How does a ventriculostomy treat brain swelling? | Ventriculostomy: In this procedure, a surgeon cuts a small hole in the skull and inserts a plastic drain tube. Cerebrospinal fluid is drained from inside the brain, helping to relieve the pressure. |
5b94e68afc1b94cf0f28943101d38833 | How does medication treat brain swelling? | Medication: In some cases of brain edema, your doctor may start a drug to help relieve the swelling. Medication may also be given for other reasons, such as to slow your body's response to the swelling or to dissolve any clots. The drugs your doctor gives you depend on the cause and symptoms of brain swelling. |
b9a798dc726cd176094ad41d1ad88449 | How does surgery treat brain swelling? | Surgery: Surgery may have one or more of these goals: Removing part of the skull to relieve intracranial pressure; this procedure is called decompressive craniectomy. Removing or repairing the source of the swelling, such as repairing a damaged artery or vein or removing a growth It's common to have lingering effects from brain swelling. |
66049a4b4e30bed403a56908ae99f84c | How can I protect my head to prevent brain swelling? | To protect the brain, keep these tips in mind as you go about your daily activities: Use a helmet when biking, skating, playing contact sports, or performing other activities in which you might fall and hit your head. Wear seat belts properly when driving or riding in vehicles. Make sure you are doing all you can to control high blood pressure and heart disease. Avoid smoking. When traveling to high elevations, take your time -- allow your body to adjust to the altitude. |
72526ddbbae3db6659d179cc98214b6a | Can high altitudes cause brain swelling? | High altitudes: Although researchers don't know the exact causes, brain swelling is more likely to occur at altitudes above 4,900 feet. This type of brain edema is usually associated with severe acute mountain sickness ( AMS) or high-altitude cerebral edema ( HACE). |
0361237df1aeaa79e16410edb3acdfbb | How is brain swelling diagnosed? | It depends on the cause. Common exams and tests used in the diagnosis include: Head and neck exam Neurologic exam CT scan of the head to identify the extent and location of the swelling MRI of the head to identify the extent and location of the swelling Blood tests to check for causes of the swelling Minor cases of brain swelling due to causes such as moderate altitude sickness or a slight concussion often resolve within a few days. |
1eb51f99ffcfe9cad5db734bcb49da41 | What are the long-term effects of brain swelling? | It depends on the cause. Symptoms may be noticed with any of the following: Sleeping Thinking and attention skills Headaches Depression Communication skills Movement Your health care team is available to help you deal with these challenges. While some problems may continue to diminish over time, others may require ongoing treatment. |
289912476d70035211b5fb3e95a50c9f | What is brain swelling? | Your brain can also swell as a result of injury, illness, or other reasons. The body's response to the injury may also increase swelling. |
e4aea10c1324e35fcd3275eba615b0a7 | What are some guidelines for taking potassium and magnesium? | While taking potassium or magnesium, have your blood pressure checked regularly as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab so that he can see how you're responding to the supplements. Blood tests might be done to help monitor the level and decide on the dose. |
71c052a5becf01a82ef5aa882879ab4f | What are examples of magnesium supplements? | Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. |
356c85df454be9b9cb2309686c1e0098 | What are some examples of potassium supplements? | Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. |
15ffe7f9b6da89b9b703e8d0812ccf00 | What are some other guidelines when taking potassium and magnesium supplements? | While taking potassium or magnesium, have your blood pressure checked regularly as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab so that he can see how you're responding to the supplements. Blood tests might be done to help monitor the level and decide on the dose. |
db2dd6f51a679fdf5203db3c0eee213d | What are some examples of magnesium supplements? | Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. |
14b344ee13b876c1f5c11cee842ae1ab | How does someone take potassium and magnesium supplements? | Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. Follow the label on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you take it will depend on which medicines you were prescribed and your condition. |
e8eb7e3a7c927ff630d50dd506efee8b | How do I take potassium and magnesium supplements? | Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. Follow the label on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you take it will depend on which medicines you were prescribed and your condition. |
25869b94f37690ed3931fb65facc83b8 | What are some side effects of potassium and magnesium supplements? | Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. If you take controlled-release tablets or capsules and have severe vomiting, vomit blood, or have abdominal pain or swelling, stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away. If you have them, call your doctor right away. |
d6c6dd41767e228cfd34af22c88ed3f7 | Why are potassium and magnesium prescribed to heart patients? | They replace the electrolytes you lose because of the water pills. You are using ACE inhibitors or certain diuretics. |
6998bc1669503eca43816b3184477253 | When should someone call their doctor when experiencing side effects of potassium and magnesium supplements? | If you take controlled-release tablets or capsules and have severe vomiting, vomit blood, or have abdominal pain or swelling, stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away. Black, tarry, or bloody stools. You should also call your doctor if you have: Confusion Irregular or slow heartbeat Numbness Tingling in hands, feet, or lips Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Anxiety Unusual tiredness or weakness If you are taking magnesium or potassium supplements, let your doctor know if: You are using a salt substitute (many salt substitutes contain potassium). |
e3a848a7ee29717979d06c098c70dc21 | What are symptoms of mallet finger? | Symptoms may include the following: Pain, tenderness, and swelling at the outermost joint immediately after the injury Swelling and redness soon after the injury Inability to completely extend the finger while still being able to move it with help Call a doctor immediately to evaluate the injury to determine the need for X-rays and to repair any deep cuts. |
bac9c662e0d7d36615bab129c8882e2d | When is surgery needed for mallet finger? | You may need to have surgery if the injury involves a large fracture that is causing tendon damage. A hand specialist or surgeon will perform this surgery. |
a1189d9e6ef875c199973941edc5a404 | How can I prevent mallet finger? | Take care not to injure the finger even more. If a cut has been repaired, you may need to go back to the doctor in 10 days to have the sutures removed. To help prevent injuries from happening again to the same finger, leave the splint on for the entire time the doctor has recommended. |
fd7638017b80b1250ccca238977929df | What is mallet finger? | Basketball and baseball players routinely experience jammed fingers, but the injury can occur because of a crushing accident on the job or even because of a cut finger while working in the kitchen. With mallet finger, the tendon on the back of the finger (not the palm side) is separated from the muscles it connects. With a splint, the outermost joint on the injured finger is not bendable, but the rest of your finger is. |
4e6fbb07d1b8e2ee1b947f49ec7ba04d | How do exams and tests help doctors in diagnosing mallet finger? | Imaging studies may also help the doctor see any foreign debris in the cut. If your finger is not broken or cut, or if only a small fracture is present, the doctor will apply a splint to the end of the finger so it remains extended. |
121e59b1027f9ff51d1f0bbea18743ef | Does climate change produce actual nerve damage in patients with multiple sclerosis? | It is important to remember that while climate may worsen the symptoms of MS, climate changes do not produce more actual nerve damage. The adverse effects of temperature and humidity are generally temporary. However, it can take longer (a few days) to recover if you get overheated. |
5a2fbc11bd1f5256e48f4e6a5d997f43 | Do hot temperatures affect multiple sclerosis symptoms? | Doctors believe that this occurs because heat causes nerves (whose myelin covering has been destroyed from MS) to conduct electrical signals even less efficiently. Most people with MS avoid hot baths, hot showers, and heated swimming pools. Extreme temperatures may worsen your symptoms of multiple sclerosis. |
dd439956090f55da0c227d582b9629f3 | What surgical techniques are used to treat glaucoma? | If the glaucoma does not respond to medication, or if you cannot tolerate the side effects, your doctor may change medications or recommend one of several surgical techniques: Laser trabeculoplasty creates small laser burns in the area where the fluid drains, improving the outflow rate of aqueous fluid. This relatively brief procedure can often be done in an ophthalmologist's clinic. Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new channel for fluid outflow in cases in which the intraocular pressure is high and the optic nerve damage progresses. Long-term results vary, but generally, the success rate is good. Surgical implants that shunt fluid out of the eye may also be used to decrease pressure in the eye. Remember, all forms of medical or surgical treatment have potential benefits and risks. Before giving your consent, always ask the surgeon to clearly explain any treatment or surgery as well as the proposed benefits, effective alternatives, and potential risks or complications. |
42e1b369ac64b210e9789234f16b0fb2 | What are the best ways to treat glaucoma? | Both drugs and surgery have high rates of success in treating chronic open-angle glaucoma, but you can help yourself by carefully following the doctor's treatment plan. Some patients may find it difficult to follow a regimen involving two or three different eye drops. Be candid and tell the doctor if you cannot follow the medication schedule or if the eye drops cause unwanted side effects. There are frequently alternative treatments. Because of potential drug interactions, be sure to tell your doctor about any other medical problems you have or other medications you take. If glaucoma drops causes the eyes to become chronically red, consult your doctor about switching to preservative-free glaucoma drops that may alleviate the redness from preservatives. |
b8d6614d83f60b699f44f3140323aef5 | What should you know about treating open-angle glaucoma? | That is why it's so important to have your eye doctor test you regularly for glaucoma. Once diagnosed, glaucoma is usually controlled with eye drops that reduce eye pressure. Glaucoma is a life-long condition and needs continual follow-up with your eye doctor. Both drugs and surgery have high rates of success in treating chronic open-angle glaucoma, but you can help yourself by carefully following the doctor's treatment plan. Some patients may find it difficult to follow a regimen involving two or three different eye drops. Be candid and tell the doctor if you cannot follow the medication schedule or if the eye drops cause unwanted side effects. There are frequently alternative treatments. Because of potential drug interactions, be sure to tell your doctor about any other medical problems you have or other medications you take. If glaucoma drops causes the eyes to become chronically red, consult your doctor about switching to preservative-free glaucoma drops that may alleviate the redness from preservatives. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is different from chronic open-angle glaucoma in several important ways: The symptoms usually occur with relative suddenness; the eye is painful and red. If the high pressure in the eye is not relieved quickly, blindness can occur. |
741c9aa5e637dad142bca777fc1efad8 | Is surgery for glaucoma dangerous? | Before giving your consent, always ask the surgeon to clearly explain any treatment or surgery as well as the proposed benefits, effective alternatives, and potential risks or complications. |
e5eacc312dfca28ccbfb25ad577a3b0e | How is acute closed-angle glaucoma treated? | Acute angle-closure glaucoma is different from chronic open-angle glaucoma in several important ways: The symptoms usually occur with relative suddenness; the eye is painful and red. If the high pressure in the eye is not relieved quickly, blindness can occur. On the other hand, treatments for acute angle-closure glaucoma -- usually laser treatment -- are permanent and do not require long-term therapy. For this type of glaucoma, making a hole in the iris to allow fluid to drain, called an iridectomy, is the standard treatment to cure it. The unaffected eye also is usually treated to prevent a future attack. However, it's important to get your eyes checked regularly, as some people may develop a case of chronic angle-closure glaucoma later in life, even after laser treatment. |
86b753149db26199177a03b124d1fc32 | Is it important to diagnose glaucoma early? | That is why it's so important to have your eye doctor test you regularly for glaucoma. Once diagnosed, glaucoma is usually controlled with eye drops that reduce eye pressure. Glaucoma is a life-long condition and needs continual follow-up with your eye doctor. If the high pressure in the eye is not relieved quickly, blindness can occur. |
1519d0ed602e50ce48f10f80d43c155d | What is the appropriate treatment for glaucoma? | Treatment of open-angle glaucoma -- the most common form of the disease -- requires lowering the eye's pressure by increasing the drainage of aqueous humor fluid or decreasing the production of that fluid. On the other hand, treatments for acute angle-closure glaucoma -- usually laser treatment -- are permanent and do not require long-term therapy. Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new channel for fluid outflow in cases in which the intraocular pressure is high and the optic nerve damage progresses. |
673afe192e4903382128f03bceace41c | Will I need surgery if I have glaucoma? | Be candid and tell the doctor if you cannot follow the medication schedule or if the eye drops cause unwanted side effects. This relatively brief procedure can often be done in an ophthalmologist's clinic. Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new channel for fluid outflow in cases in which the intraocular pressure is high and the optic nerve damage progresses. Long-term results vary, but generally, the success rate is good. Surgical implants that shunt fluid out of the eye may also be used to decrease pressure in the eye. |
a323d949e3aa25d32b2315c79f2d1c42 | What is a tuberculin skin test for solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)? | The test involves injecting the tuberculin antigen (a substance that triggers the immune system to produce cells that attack and try to destroy the antigen) into the skin and observing the body's response. If the injection site swells and reddens, there is a chance that the SPN has been caused by tuberculosis. |
f516a6ac746bf4ea655f28642748903c | what is a bronchoscopy for a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)? | Bronchoscopy: This procedure is used for SPNs that are situated closer to the walls of the airways. A bronchoscope (a thin, flexible, lighted tube with a tiny camera at the end) is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the windpipe. From there, it can be inserted into the airways (bronchi) of the lungs. During bronchoscopy, the health care professional takes a biopsy sample from the SPN. If the lesion is not easily accessible on the airway wall or is smaller than 2 cm in diameter, a needle biopsy may be performed. This procedure is called a transbronchial needle aspiration ( TBNA) biopsy. |
8fd6148732adbc2fbdd14f429ecc5889 | What is a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)? | Generally, a pulmonary nodule must grow to at least 1 cm in diameter before it can be seen on a chest X-ray. An SPN is surrounded by normal lung tissue and is not associated with any other abnormality in the lung or nearby lymph nodes (small, bean-shaped structures found throughout the body). However, the accuracy decreases (60%-80%) in nodules that are smaller than 2 cm in diameter. |
7675f7d1c079959c535bd4538ac413c4 | How can I treat my headache without drugs? | The good news is there are several simple things you can do to ease the pain without a trip to the doctor or drugstore. Keep the compress on your head for 15 minutes, then take a break for 15 minutes. If you have a tension headache, place a heating pad on your neck or the back of your head. If you have a sinus headache, hold a warm cloth to the area that hurts. A warm shower might also do the trick. You might even talk to your doctor about physical therapy if you have muscle spasms in your neck. Take painkillers as soon as you feel pain. And be sure to talk to your doctor about what headache symptoms you should not try to treat at home. |
0b7fa6cc5e09796712831a4edfdbcb3e | What are the symptoms of shellfish poisoning? | Symptoms of shellfish poisoning begin 4-48 hours after eating and include: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Cramps. A person who has blood in the stool and a fever may have a bacterial infection. |
ce90a8780b2f979429b2b0e5966dada1 | How is radiation therapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer? | This treatment uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. You may get it to make your tumors smaller and ease symptoms. |
6e8aecf26832f30ead9bd2262cffce53 | When should you start chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer? | If other treatments stop working and your cancer grows, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy. When to start chemo depends upon many things, such as: Which types of treatment you already had Whether you need radiation first How well you tolerate chemo Which other options are available to you There are many types of chemo drugs. You get them by IV or as a pill. They travel throughout your body to destroy cancer cells. Doctors often combine the chemo drug docetaxel ( Taxotere) with prednisone, a steroid, for men with hormone-resistant prostate cancer that has spread. |
ecdb8f85da119f734fdf4d81b7523c5d | When is surgery used to treat advanced prostate cancer? | Your testicles make most of your testosterone. Surgery to remove the testicles (called an orchiectomy) is a type of hormone therapy because it quickly cuts your testosterone levels. This operation used to be common, but most men with prostate cancer don't get it any more. Instead, they take medicines that lower hormone levels while leaving the testicles in place. |
ed75863da3302724109313cc1cb045f7 | What are the goals of hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer? | The goal is to cut the supply of hormones that fuel your prostate cancer. |
7fd13867a466c93ed49d5c8ec3b7d4c0 | How is hormone therapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer? | The goal is to cut the supply of hormones that fuel your prostate cancer. Hormone therapy shuts down this process. It will: Dramatically lower your testosterone levels Prevent prostate cancer cells from using low levels of androgens Most doctors think it makes sense to start this type of treatment as soon as prostate cancer becomes advanced. |
c4bbd233da7dac694e9fcbd9db96f6a9 | What are newer types of hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer? | Newer types of hormone therapy include: Abiraterone acetate ( Zytiga). It's approved for men with advanced prostate cancer who have tried other hormone therapies. Enzalutamide ( Xtandi): It's a pill that blocks cells from receiving androgens. It's approved for men with advanced prostate cancer who have tried other hormone therapies. |
5258441dac8cf200e9c546a455b6e922 | How do you take hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer? | There are several hormone therapy drugs. Doctors implant others under your skin. Your doctor will set your drug schedule based on your particular needs and how your cancer responds. If you become resistant to hormone therapy or have problems with side effects, your doctor may try "intermittent therapy." This means you'll take the drugs for a while, then stop, then start again. This can improve your quality of life and make the hormone therapy work better. |
123b03f1640f8bdf0cd3c30c45a8244c | How is immunotherapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer? | It uses your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- to attack the cancer cells. Sipuleucel- T ( Provenge) is used to treat advanced prostate cancer. To make it, the doctor removes white blood cells from your blood. These go to a lab, where experts genetically engineer them to fight your prostate cancer. You then get these cancer-killing cells by IV injection in three separate treatments. If other treatments stop working and your cancer grows, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy. |
8a8ae311f9e33d9fb3bea53daec7c8b1 | When should I get tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? | You could have an HIV infection if you: Have had several sexual partners Had unprotected sex with someone who is or could be HIV-positive, including someone whose sexual history you don't know Injected drugs with a needle, syringe, or other equipment someone else had used first Have had or are getting tested for TB, hepatitis, or any sexually transmitted disease, including syphilis, gonorrhea, or herpes. Have had sex for drugs or money Had sex with someone who has a history of any of these Pregnant women should also get tested. And in fact, the CDC recommends that all persons in the United States between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once. |
51582a19c503b5c53502d8b6eb0f320b | How do antibody screening tests help diagnose HIV? | These tests check for a kind of protein that your body makes in response to the HIV infection, 2-8 weeks later. They're also called immunoassay or ELISA tests. They're generally very accurate, but they won't catch early infections. Usually, a technician will take a small blood sample and send it to a lab for testing. Some immunoassay tests check urine or fluids from your mouth (not saliva), but there aren't as many antibodies in these, so you may not get a positive result even if you're infected. ( That's called a false negative.) |
77af711e702c1cb0681b0ffc1edbcaa7 | Are there in-home tests I can take to figure out if I have HIV? | A rapid antibody/antigen test can give you results in 20 minutes. One option is to prick your finger to get a small blood sample that you send to a lab. You call to get your result within a few business days, and it's anonymous (you don't have to give your name). Maybe 1 in 12 people who are infected get a false negative from this test. You should get a lab test of your blood if it's positive. And in fact, the CDC recommends that all persons in the United States between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once. |
f66ff049d3aa6bcbd2244873b663eda7 | How do antibody/antigen combination tests help diagnose HIV? | The CDC recommends these blood tests. They can detect HIV earlier than antibody screening tests. They check for HIV antigen, a protein called p24 that's part of the virus that shows up 2-4 weeks after infection. They also check for HIV antibodies. You get a result in 20 minutes. |
943cce459f57a0573bb41978367b41a8 | How do I know if I have HIV? | Most can't detect HIV right away, because it takes time for your body to make antibodies or for enough virus to grow inside you. It may be up to 6 months before you'll see a positive result, which means an early test could be negative even though you're infected. If you do have the virus, finding out quickly means you can start treatment to help you live a long and full life. You can also take precautions so that you don't pass HIV to other people. Some immunoassay tests check urine or fluids from your mouth (not saliva), but there aren't as many antibodies in these, so you may not get a positive result even if you're infected. If you had a lab test, more detailed tests on your blood sample can help confirm the diagnosis: Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay Antibody differentiation, between HIV-1 and HIV-2 If you got an HIV test within the first 3 months after you could have been infected and it was negative, get another test at 6 months to be sure. |
b8a287ad2419d699359070f377b24069 | How does an RNA test help diagnose HIV? | Usually, a technician will take a small blood sample and send it to a lab for testing. You call to get your result within a few business days, and it's anonymous (you don't have to give your name). If you had a lab test, more detailed tests on your blood sample can help confirm the diagnosis: Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay Antibody differentiation, between HIV-1 and HIV-2 If you got an HIV test within the first 3 months after you could have been infected and it was negative, get another test at 6 months to be sure. |
80112780e7ffc3015aff01fa28d1bc3e | What servings are suggested in the DASH diet? | The DASH diet suggests getting: Grains: 7-8 daily servings Vegetables: 4-5 daily servings Fruits: 4-5 daily servings Low-fat or fat-free dairy products: 2-3 daily servings Meat, poultry, and fish: 2 or less daily servings Nuts, seeds, and dry beans: 4-5 servings per week Fats and oils: 2-3 daily servings Sweets: try to limit to less than 5 servings per week When you're trying to follow a healthy eating plan, it helps to know how much of a certain kind of food is considered a "serving." |
3e3e41b01981a1ba06c59538a3d967fe | What is being on the DASH diet like? | The DASH diet calls for a certain number of servings daily from various food groups. The number of servings you require may vary, depending on how many calories you need per day. You can make gradual changes. For instance, start by limiting yourself to 2,400 milligrams of sodium per day (about 1 teaspoon). Then, once your body has adjusted to the diet, cut back to 1,500 milligrams of sodium per day (about 2/3 teaspoon). These amounts include all sodium eaten, including sodium in food products as well as in what you cook with or add at the table. |
c3162b9319bc46c4236a8bc432e92aae | How effective is the DASH diet? | Another diet -- DASH- Sodium -- calls for cutting back sodium to 1,500 milligrams a day (about 2/3 teaspoon). Studies of people on the DASH- Sodium plan lowered their blood pressure as well. |
985a114eec83c210e79e1a3008326e0e | What is the DASH diet? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } One of the steps your doctor may recommend to lower your high blood pressure is to start using the DASH diet. DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. The diet is simple: Eat more fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods Cut back on foods that are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fats Eat more whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, and nuts Limit sodium, sweets, sugary drinks, and red meats In research studies, people who were on the DASH diet lowered their blood pressure within 2 weeks. |
f9fa4e352c36ed72910b88a1d49cc172 | How much is a serving in the DASH diet? | One serving is: 1/2 cup cooked rice or pasta 1 slice bread 1 cup raw vegetables or fruit 1/2 cup cooked veggies or fruit 8 ounces of milk 1 teaspoon of olive oil (or any other oil) 3 ounces cooked meat 3 ounces tofu |
f16fa6eb59c1ed12d9461240da573840 | What are some DASH diet tips? | Dash Diet Tips Add a serving of vegetables at lunch and at dinner. Add a serving of fruit to your meals or as a snack. Canned and dried fruits are easy to use, but check that they don't have added sugar. Use only half your typical serving of butter, margarine, or salad dressing, and use low-fat or fat-free condiments. Drink low-fat or skim dairy products any time you would normally use full-fat or cream. Limit meat to 6 ounces a day. Make some meals vegetarian. Add more vegetables and dry beans to your diet. Instead of snacking on chips or sweets, eat unsalted pretzels or nuts, raisins, low-fat and fat-free yogurt, frozen yogurt, unsalted plain popcorn with no butter, and raw vegetables. Read food labels to choose products that are lower in sodium. |
db75936966b2257bdfc356cf9635de7a | How is arachnoiditis diagnosed? | Infection from bacteria or viruses: Infections such as viral and fungal meningitis or tuberculosis can affect the spine. A test called an electromyogram ( EMG) can assess the severity of the ongoing damage to affected nerve roots by using electrical impulses to check nerve function. Note: Myelograms with the radiographic contrast currently in use, combined with CAT scanning, are not considered to be responsible for causing arachnoiditis or causing it to worsen. |
85e43a69b9edb52858935c30e7c550cc | What is arachnoiditis? | It is characterized by severe stinging, burning pain, and neurological problems. Inflammation of the arachnoid can lead to the formation of scar tissue and can cause the spinal nerves to stick together and malfunction. |
9320af370938f13f2cf1957e3b15dd48 | What causes erection problems? | Common physical causes of sexual problems include the following: Diabetes, especially if you have type 2 diabetes Hypogonadism, in which the testicles do not produce enough testosterone Thyroid disorders (both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) Adrenal lesions ( Cushing's syndrome) Noncancerous pituitary growths that increase levels of a hormone called prolactin Diseases that affect the nervous system, including strokes, spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, long-standing diabetes, and Parkinson's disease Damage to arteries or veins following pelvic surgery (such as prostate, colon, or bladder surgery) or after radiation treatment Conditions that affect the penis directly, such as Peyronie's disease (penile curvature) or injury to the penis itself or to the arteries, veins, or nerves that supply the penis Cardiovascular (heart) disease Blockages in the blood flow to the penis Leaky veins Conditions or behaviors that increase the risk of vascular disease, such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity, or the medications to treat these and other disorders Premature ejaculation ( PE) is usually not due to physical causes, although the problem is sometimes linked to a neurological disorder, prostate infections, or urethritis. |
688e32a0ec039895708b77bf18fa6a9f | Can medications cause sexual problems? | Many medications have been implicated in sexual dysfunction, causing inhibited sexual desire and/or erectile dysfunction, such as: Drugs to treat high blood pressure Diuretics (including thiazides and spironolactone) Histamine blockers Antidepressant medications Common over-the-counter preparations (particularly antihistamines and decongestants) Antipsychotic medications Sedatives Medications used to treat anxiety Use of drugs, including alcohol, methadone and heroin, anabolic steroids, and tobacco Psychological Factors in Sexual Problems Psychological factors play an important role. |
5f59898db136f68f5f1e9659a8f6d4ed | What causes low sexual desire? | Possible psychological causes of sexual dysfunction include: Anxiety Guilty feelings about sex Sexual aversion disorder Learned behavior pattern of rapid ejaculation seen with frequent masturbation or infrequent sexual activity Painful intercourse usually has physical causes such as these: An infection of the prostate, urethra, or testes, which can be initiated by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and genital herpes An allergic reaction to spermicide or condoms Peyronie's disease, fibrous plaques on the upper side of the penis that often produce a painful bend during erection Arthritis of the lower back Lack of sexual desire may be due to any of these factors: Physical illness Hormonal abnormality (usually low testosterone levels) Medications that affect libido Alcohol or recreational drug abuse Psychological causes, including depression or relationship problems, which a therapist may help identify Retrograde ejaculation may occur in men from these causes: Prostate or urethral surgery Medication that keeps the bladder neck open Diabetes (which can injure the nerves that normally close the bladder during ejaculation) Priapism may be caused by: Penile trauma Medical conditions such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, gout, diabetes Certain medications, including those used to treat erectile dysfunction Can Medication Cause Sexual Problems? |
04ba3fe017a4d81ab32f88c94e63dba3 | How can environmental factors contribute to sexual problems in men? | You may find it difficult to enjoy a sexual relationship if: You are under a lot of stress Your relationship is troubled You have a history of traumatic sexual encounters (rape or incest) You were raised in a family with strict sexual taboos You're afraid of getting your partner pregnant or of contracting a sexually-transmitted disease You have negative feelings (including guilt, anger, fear, low self-esteem, and anxiety) You are depressed You are severely fatigued Environmental Factors in Sexual Problems You may find it difficult to enjoy sex if there is no safe, private place to relax and allow yourself to become sexual, or if fatigue due to an overly busy work and personal life robs you of the energy to participate sexually. Parents may find it difficult to find the time to be sexually intimate, given the demands/presence of their children. Fear of contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, which can lead to AIDS), the difficulties of striving for "safer sex," and the psychological effects of discrimination are just a few of the factors that can cause anxieties for men. |
24606f2c0009f4ad9dd8a1a4f4f5f3b4 | What causes retrograde ejaculation? | Possible psychological causes of sexual dysfunction include: Anxiety Guilty feelings about sex Sexual aversion disorder Learned behavior pattern of rapid ejaculation seen with frequent masturbation or infrequent sexual activity Painful intercourse usually has physical causes such as these: An infection of the prostate, urethra, or testes, which can be initiated by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and genital herpes An allergic reaction to spermicide or condoms Peyronie's disease, fibrous plaques on the upper side of the penis that often produce a painful bend during erection Arthritis of the lower back Lack of sexual desire may be due to any of these factors: Physical illness Hormonal abnormality (usually low testosterone levels) Medications that affect libido Alcohol or recreational drug abuse Psychological causes, including depression or relationship problems, which a therapist may help identify Retrograde ejaculation may occur in men from these causes: Prostate or urethral surgery Medication that keeps the bladder neck open Diabetes (which can injure the nerves that normally close the bladder during ejaculation) Priapism may be caused by: Penile trauma Medical conditions such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, gout, diabetes Certain medications, including those used to treat erectile dysfunction Can Medication Cause Sexual Problems? |
7ec0fd1130470544b25ba15d9b633854 | How common is male sexual dysfunction? | Problems with sexual functioning are common, affecting more than half of all couples at some time. If your sexual problem only occurs under a particular set of circumstances, or only with certain sexual partners, then your condition is considered to be "situational" rather than "generalized" (occurring regardless of the circumstances or partner). |
c04b006cac300cd4521a8f610d374188 | Is there anything I can do to prevent myself from falling if I have diabetes? | Regular doctor visits can keep you standing tall. He'll check your feet every time. If you notice any signs of peripheral neuropathy or any issues with your feet, be sure to let him know right away. |
63681c1ca6eeda445e781abdcb1d9821 | When should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes? | Visit your eye doctor at least once a year for an eye exam with pupil dilation. This test gives her a better view of the inside of your eye. If you notice any changes in your eyes or vision, don't wait for your next appointment. See the doctor right away if you: Have blurry vision See double Have trouble reading signs or books Have pain in one or both eyes Feel pressure inside your eye See spots or floaters Can't see objects to the sides as well as you used to This happens when you have an infection in your gums and other tissues nearby. |
77e8045345984ec22419162ef7de8e4c | Is there anything I can do to prevent diabetes-related health complications? | While you can't stop the clock, there's a lot you can do to lower the odds of future issues, or at least slow them down. Work with your doctor to make sure your diabetes is well controlled. Follow your treatment plan, take your medicines, watch what you eat, and try to be more active. All of these steps will go a long way toward helping you live a longer, healthier life. |
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