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6325e6153be7810695a49bdf71e6f314 | How do you know if you have eczema? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } At your appointment, your doctor will check your skin and talk with you about your symptoms, your health history in general, and any rashes or allergies that run in your family. Based on that information, she'll decide if it's eczema or something else. If you have severe eczema, you may need to take medicine for it, too. You'll also want a good moisturizer in cream, lotion, or ointment form. |
d11ad640e1e693238f804f51b04f337c | How are injectibles used to treat eczema? | If you have severe eczema, you may need to take medicine for it, too. It works by controlling the body's inflammatory response. This medicine is given every two weeks as an injection and should only be used by people 12 and older. |
0e6e823186f0164cdcbec9a0569e4981 | What is an example of a relevant breakdown in S.M.A.R.T. weight loss for type 2 diabetes? | To help manage your diabetes, you need to spread carbs out more evenly throughout the day. So, for example, a S. M. A. R. T. goal could be â I will eat a breakfast containing 45 grams of carbohydrates every day for the next 2 weeks.â Here's the S. M. A. R. T. breakdown: Specific: targeted to breakfast Measurable: 45 grams, every day Attainable: Breakfasts with about 45 grams of carbs are very doable. A few options: 1 cup cooked oatmeal (32 grams), 1/2 medium banana (13 grams), a hard-boiled egg, black coffee 2 scrambled eggs, 1 small whole wheat pita (15 grams), 1 orange (18 grams), 1 cup 1% milk (14 grams) 3 rye crispbreads (24 grams), 1/2 cup nonfat cottage cheese (5 grams), 1 cup of blackberries (15 grams) Relevant: Spreading carbs out is relevant because it helps you curb hunger, so you don't overeat. To hit 45 grams, you have to plan to eat protein and fat in addition to carbs at a meal. |
9df6e42f3933051f4a73384d735a9b0b | What is an example time-bound breakdown in S.M.A.R.T. weight loss for type 2 diabetes? | Time-bound: This goal will be your focus for 2 weeks. At the end of that time, you can decide if you want to do it again or set a different goal. |
a3fc44741b7213d323adccad8dfcc25d | What is an example of a specific and measurable breakdown in S.M.A.R.T. weight loss for type 2 diabetes? | When your goals are S. M. A. R. T., it will be simpler to stay on track with your diet. To help manage your diabetes, you need to spread carbs out more evenly throughout the day. So, for example, a S. M. A. R. T. goal could be â I will eat a breakfast containing 45 grams of carbohydrates every day for the next 2 weeks.â Here's the S. M. A. R. T. breakdown: Specific: targeted to breakfast Measurable: 45 grams, every day Attainable: Breakfasts with about 45 grams of carbs are very doable. A few options: 1 cup cooked oatmeal (32 grams), 1/2 medium banana (13 grams), a hard-boiled egg, black coffee 2 scrambled eggs, 1 small whole wheat pita (15 grams), 1 orange (18 grams), 1 cup 1% milk (14 grams) 3 rye crispbreads (24 grams), 1/2 cup nonfat cottage cheese (5 grams), 1 cup of blackberries (15 grams) Relevant: Spreading carbs out is relevant because it helps you curb hunger, so you don't overeat. |
4111724bd843ab05a30ed9e32fa25092 | What is an example of an attainable breakdown in S.M.A.R.T. weight loss for type 2 diabetes? | So, for example, a S. M. A. R. T. goal could be â I will eat a breakfast containing 45 grams of carbohydrates every day for the next 2 weeks.â Here's the S. M. A. R. T. breakdown: Specific: targeted to breakfast Measurable: 45 grams, every day Attainable: Breakfasts with about 45 grams of carbs are very doable. A few options: 1 cup cooked oatmeal (32 grams), 1/2 medium banana (13 grams), a hard-boiled egg, black coffee 2 scrambled eggs, 1 small whole wheat pita (15 grams), 1 orange (18 grams), 1 cup 1% milk (14 grams) 3 rye crispbreads (24 grams), 1/2 cup nonfat cottage cheese (5 grams), 1 cup of blackberries (15 grams) Relevant: Spreading carbs out is relevant because it helps you curb hunger, so you don't overeat. |
921a3f09d0009e4bd2f89f5decc9c0e3 | How does S.M.A.R.T. weight loss work to treat type 2 diabetes? | S. M. A. R. T. stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Setting S. M. A. R. T. goals helps keep big projects, like losing weight or managing blood sugar, from being overwhelming. Your steps for success are clearly spelled out so that you know when you've met the goal. |
f1230a83ffec026119b4c4561ad07c75 | What is S.M.A.R.T. weight loss for type 2 diabetes? | When your goals are S. M. A. R. T., it will be simpler to stay on track with your diet. Time-bound: This goal will be your focus for 2 weeks. Setting S. M. A. R. T. goals helps keep big projects, like losing weight or managing blood sugar, from being overwhelming. |
39eef4e9249b93d60a3c75184cd839f0 | What are the symptoms of thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis)? | Also more likely to get it are adults who: Are being treated for cancer Take medications like corticosteroids and wide-spectrum antibiotics Wear dentures Have diabetes The symptoms include: White or yellow patches on the tongue, lips, gums, roof of mouth, and inner cheeks Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat Cracking at the corners of the mouth Pain when swallowing, if it spreads to the throat Thrush is treated with antifungal medicines like nystatin, clotrimazole, and fluconazole. |
09e63b0ea24803c3bff521fc284e28ed | What are the symptoms of invasive candidiasis? | The symptoms include fever and chills. Since it's likely a person with this infection is already sick with another condition, it can be hard to diagnose. |
f73f6c0cc9ba203a039e2db55eafc0bf | How can I treat a genital yeast infection (genital candidiasis)? | Most times, an over-the-counter antifungal suppository, tablet, or cream will knock out the infection. Your doctor might also prescribe a single dose of a prescription antifungal medicine like fluconazole. Tell your doctor if you get yeast infections more than four times a year. She may recommend regular doses of antifungal medication over several months to fight the repeated infections. |
9a24d9f4da4fec20c1d8a1a73faca250 | What are the symptoms of a genital yeast infection (genital candidiasis)? | The symptoms include: Extreme itchiness in the vagina Redness and swelling of the vagina and vulva (the outer part of the female genitals) Pain and burning when you pee Discomfort during sex A thick, white âcottage cheeseâ discharge from the vagina A man with a yeast infection may have an itchy rash on his penis. Because the symptoms in women can be similar to other infections like bacterial vaginosis (bacterial overgrowth in the vagina) and sexually transmitted diseases, it's important to visit your doctor. |
bf5a21b56e0df660c14417f7d0f7d26a | How can I prevent a diaper rash caused by a yeast infection? | Keeping your baby's bottom clean and dry is a good start to help prevent diaper rash and candidiasis. |
04cdc8e3fdc5db2a0ab0c9bcec7fcd09 | How is thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) treated? | Also more likely to get it are adults who: Are being treated for cancer Take medications like corticosteroids and wide-spectrum antibiotics Wear dentures Have diabetes The symptoms include: White or yellow patches on the tongue, lips, gums, roof of mouth, and inner cheeks Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat Cracking at the corners of the mouth Pain when swallowing, if it spreads to the throat Thrush is treated with antifungal medicines like nystatin, clotrimazole, and fluconazole. Rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine ( CHX) mouthwash may help prevent infections in people with weakened immune systems. |
80f3258dac6c802cd8e5d7ff21baaa7f | Are cough medicines effective? | Not all doctors agree about the best way to treat a cough. Some don't think cough medicines are that effective. There are three common types of over-the-counter cough and cold medicines: Cough suppressants Oral expectorants Topical (creams or gels you put on your skin) They can be used to either stop your cough or loosen thick mucus to help you cough it up. When that's not enough, your doctor may prescribe a strong prescription cough medicine. |
cdd64a993368bad30188be8550fadb8d | Is there a cure for a cold? | There's no cure, but lots of medicines can give you some relief from the coughing, sneezing, and stuffiness that go with it. When you head to the pharmacy to look for an over-the-counter drug, keep in mind there's no such thing as a "perfect" cold medicine. |
358a00aff8a5130c82359aea25dec45a | How often can I use nasal sprays for congestion? | They work fast to open up your clogged nose. But if you use them for more than 3 days in a row, you may end up more stuffed up than you were before. Doctors call this the "rebound effect." Some side effects of nasal decongestants are having a hard time falling asleep, restlessness, and trouble peeing. You might try a saline spray instead of a nasal decongestant. It works more slowly, but it can loosen up the mucus in your nose without a rebound effect. |
dc9da5b5e18f96b00d7fe6e90584aa7a | Should I take a decongestant or an antihistamine? | You can use it alone or combine it with an antihistamine. Remember, though, it can increase your heart rate and may cause anxiety or make it hard to fall asleep. If you have a runny nose or sneezing, try an antihistamine. But if you use them for more than 3 days in a row, you may end up more stuffed up than you were before. |
bf318c7ac52de190b5e80f452c6ec09d | What is atypical depression? | This type is different than the persistent sadness of typical depression. It is considered to be a "specifier" that describes a pattern of depressive symptoms. If you have atypical depression, a positive event can temporarily improve your mood. |
3217625e64e61f46a931a9be71174b43 | How is psychotic depression treated? | People with psychotic depression have the symptoms of major depression along with "psychotic" symptoms, such as: Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) Delusions (false beliefs) Paranoia (wrongly believing that others are trying to harm you) A combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs can treat psychotic depression. ECT may also be an option. |
3083bbb1e14e2c3968f238f0d639840c | What is major depression? | You may hear your doctor call this "major depressive disorder." You might have this type if you feel depressed most of the time for most days of the week. Some other symptoms you might have are: Loss of interest or pleasure in your activities Weight loss or gain Trouble getting to sleep or feeling sleepy during the day Feelings restless and agitated, or else very sluggish and slowed down physically or mentally Being tired and without energy Feeling worthless or guilty Trouble concentrating or making decisions Thoughts of suicide Your doctor might diagnose you with major depression if you have five or more of these symptoms on most days for 2 weeks or longer. |
bfaba6758ee004cd413c6a38f995995c | What is 'situational' depression? | But you can have a depressed mood when you're having trouble managing a stressful event in your life, such as a death in your family, a divorce, or losing your job. Your doctor may call this "stress response syndrome." |
6aae32d4d5384955e11195fda9a543a8 | How is situational depression treated? | Psychotherapy can often help you get through a period of depression that's related to a stressful situation. |
7fa9d9f54467f54a97578708265b31e2 | How is seasonal affective disorder treated? | If you have SAD, antidepressants can help. So can light therapy. You'll need to sit in front of a special bright light box for about 15-30 minutes each day. |
31eadcf98856fe28155418b793dd51c0 | How is bipolar disorder treated? | Medication can help bring your mood swings under control. Whether you're in a high or a low period, your doctor may suggest a mood stabilizer, such as lithium. The FDA has approved three medicines to treat the depressed phase: Seroquel Latuda Olanzapine-fluoxetine combination Doctors sometimes prescribe other drugs "off label" for bipolar depression, such as the anticonvulsant lamotrigine or the atypical antipsychotic Vraylar . |
86828e9246a61be6dc7c35e2aa76947c | What are some other treatment options for major depression? | When therapy and medication aren't working, two other options your doctor may suggest are: Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r TMS) ECT uses electrical pulses and r TMS uses a special kind of magnet to stimulate certain areas of brain activity. This helps the parts of your brain that control your mood work better. |
63310b3440b06ea7ed3cb03c3a25de2e | How is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) treated? | Besides feeling depressed, you may also have: Mood swings Irritability Anxiety Trouble concentrating Fatigue Change in appetite or sleep habits Feelings of being overwhelmed Antidepressant medication or sometimes oral contraceptives can treat PMDD. |
5b442ebf0567540657fc0c62d6b7d29f | What are the symptoms of psychotic depression? | People with psychotic depression have the symptoms of major depression along with "psychotic" symptoms, such as: Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) Delusions (false beliefs) Paranoia (wrongly believing that others are trying to harm you) A combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs can treat psychotic depression. |
01829173c70035e7d9f5a7f4bc19dacf | What are the symptoms of persistent depressive disorder? | You may have symptoms such as: Change in your appetite (not eating enough or overeating) Sleep too much or too little Lack of energy, or fatigue Low self-esteem Trouble concentrating or making decisions Feel hopeless You may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. |
fbf1120c220958c48e4a0efb7200f823 | What is bipolar disorder and what are the symptoms? | Someone with bipolar disorder, which is also sometimes called "manic depression," has mood episodes that range from extremes of high energy with an "up" mood to low "depressive" periods. When you're in the low phase, you'll have the symptoms of major depression. |
da930a0a648f15848f7fa59c2baf8a66 | What is peripartum depression? | Women who have major depression in the weeks and months after childbirth may have peripartum depression. Antidepressant drugs can help similarly to treating major depression that is unrelated to childbirth. |
e480b415b2cbae79e6710643749b197a | What are the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? | Women with PMDD have depression and other symptoms at the start of their period. Besides feeling depressed, you may also have: Mood swings Irritability Anxiety Trouble concentrating Fatigue Change in appetite or sleep habits Feelings of being overwhelmed Antidepressant medication or sometimes oral contraceptives can treat PMDD. |
9f641fd82582153786fbf4afe593b8ca | How is atypical depression treated? | Someone with bipolar disorder, which is also sometimes called "manic depression," has mood episodes that range from extremes of high energy with an "up" mood to low "depressive" periods. If you have SAD, antidepressants can help. She may also sometimes recommend an older type of antidepressant called an MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor), which is a class of antidepressants that has been well-studied in treating atypical depression. |
badfea9e9043c14f0143822a86046e36 | What should I know about depression? | It's normal to feel down once in a while, but if you're sad most of the time and it affects your daily life, you may have clinical depression. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are many different types of depression. Events in your life cause some, and chemical changes in your brain cause others. Whatever the cause, your first step is to let your doctor know how you're feeling. She may refer you to a mental health specialist to help figure out the type of depression you have. This diagnosis is important in deciding the right treatment for you. You might have this type if you feel depressed most of the time for most days of the week. |
1b3a89930abb8478dc70ee7b5d857ae5 | How is major depression treated? | She may refer you to a mental health specialist to help figure out the type of depression you have. Medications called antidepressants can also be useful. So can light therapy. |
2b3fd9bc71ccfd2849a51f3d7602ba55 | What is seasonal affective disorder? | It typically goes away in the spring and summer. Psychotherapy can often help you get through a period of depression that's related to a stressful situation. |
bad9f4bf879ed0783a3124e728625d52 | What is persistent depressive disorder? | Some other symptoms you might have are: Loss of interest or pleasure in your activities Weight loss or gain Trouble getting to sleep or feeling sleepy during the day Feelings restless and agitated, or else very sluggish and slowed down physically or mentally Being tired and without energy Feeling worthless or guilty Trouble concentrating or making decisions Thoughts of suicide Your doctor might diagnose you with major depression if you have five or more of these symptoms on most days for 2 weeks or longer. This term is used to describe two conditions previously known as dysthymia (low-grade persistent depression) and chronic major depression. |
18f0c1f05276ac646d22cb056f75c360 | Why is lung cancer hard to treat? | Lung cancer has long been considered one of the most challenging cancers to treat because it has usually spread by the time you're diagnosed. When it spreads to other body parts, doctors refer to it as metastatic. |
6c97b24aa2a546789f1318fc871b5b65 | What are severe side effects of checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer? | But sometimes, checkpoint inhibitors cause your immune system to attack otherwise healthy tissue. This can lead to life-threatening inflammation in your lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, and other parts of the body. You may have to stop immunotherapy and get medicines to quiet down your immune system. Pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs) is one serious side effect often affects people taking checkpoint inhibitors. It can make it hard to breathe. You'll need immediate treatment. |
b50178f0cff31ec4e8e8d16168d26266 | Should you tell your doctor about any side effects of immunotherapy for lung cancer? | Side Effects & Complications Always tell your doctor about any side effects you have. It's important for her to figure out if your symptoms are caused by the treatment or a sign that your cancer may be getting worse. Managing side effects early and well can help you stick to your cancer treatment plan. |
240bdc97327d052b194b0ac3d7cc7929 | What are the long-term effects of immunotherapy? | The newest field of cancer medicine, called immunotherapy, is an effective treatment option for metastatic lung cancer. |
8d7e562d1e0aea7664b7ca701e07df09 | When might your doctor suggest immunotherapy as treatment for lung cancer? | Ask your doctor which type of immunotherapy drug you will be taking. Your doctor may suggest you take part in one of these studies if other treatments haven't worked. It's important for her to figure out if your symptoms are caused by the treatment or a sign that your cancer may be getting worse. |
38a5e0cb5bd8f3184a138793471f35f9 | How long does lung cancer immunotherapy work for? | The process will probably last a few months. You may have to stop immunotherapy and get medicines to quiet down your immune system. However, they don't work for everyone. Stay in touch with your doctor during treatment, and always go to all your follow-up appointments. Blood tests and imaging scans are done to check for signs of cancer disappearance or growth. Ask your doctor how you can tell if your treatment isn't working. |
f9f29b062b6d3cce11441570e340b806 | How can you get acute kidney problems? | The main causes are: Not enough blood flow to the kidneys Direct damage to the kidneys themselves Urine backed up in the kidneys Those things can happen when you: Have a traumatic injury with blood loss, such as in a car wreck Are dehydrated or your muscle tissue breaks down, sending too much protein into your bloodstream Go into shock because you have a severe infection called sepsis Have an enlarged prostate that blocks your urine flow Take certain drugs or are around certain toxins that directly damage the kidney Have complications during a pregnancy, such as eclampsia and pre-eclampsia Autoimmune diseases, when your immune system attacks your body, can also cause an acute kidney injury. People with severe heart or liver failure commonly go into acute kidney injury, as well. |
5dfb662f5883f73ffa0758492ae2bfa7 | What is chronic kidney disease? | When your kidneys don't work well for longer than 3 months, doctors call it chronic kidney disease. You may not have any symptoms in the early stages, but that's when it's simpler to treat. |
3e28e1ba4bec85d34740a0f30d69cb15 | What causes chronic kidney disease? | Kidney disease can affect your body's ability to clean your blood, filter extra water out of your blood, and help control your blood pressure. And high blood pressure creates wear and tear on your blood vessels, including those that go to your kidneys. So can being around some types of chemicals over time. |
043df96b311150eb09707e0a3165bfbb | What is an MRA? | Your doctor may ask you to get one in order to look for and treat problems with your blood vessels. The test can check the blood vessels in many different parts of your body: Brain or neck Heart or chest Abdomen or belly, including organs, like your liver or kidneys Pelvis or lower belly Arms and legs Your doctor may order this exam for different reasons that include: Check for aneurysms or weakened blood vessels Find plaque that blocks or narrows blood vessels Look for problems with the structure of your blood vessels Help to prepare for surgery, or check results after surgery Locate injured blood vessels after an accident Help with cancer treatment Diagnose blood clots You will get instructions, usually from the place where you'll have your MRA. |
b1fc3b7c2fecbc00f79d4d261c045f4b | Which body parts are checked by an MRA? | The test can check the blood vessels in many different parts of your body: Brain or neck Heart or chest Abdomen or belly, including organs, like your liver or kidneys Pelvis or lower belly Arms and legs Your doctor may order this exam for different reasons that include: Check for aneurysms or weakened blood vessels Find plaque that blocks or narrows blood vessels Look for problems with the structure of your blood vessels Help to prepare for surgery, or check results after surgery Locate injured blood vessels after an accident Help with cancer treatment Diagnose blood clots You will get instructions, usually from the place where you'll have your MRA. |
6c1bc14777cc8c6efbe69cd1219b6c98 | What are conditions that I should tell my doctor or the staff at the MRA facility about before the test? | So you'll need to take off anything metal, such as: Jewelry and watches Body piercings Eye glasses and hearing aids Clothing with metal snaps or zippers Make sure you tell your doctor or the staff at the MRA facility if you: Have medical problems, like kidney disease Are allergic to anything Are pregnant or breastfeeding Have any medical devices or implants, like heart valves, drug ports, artificial limbs or joints, metal pins, screws, plates, staples or stents Also let them know if you have other metal: Left from an accident or injury In some tattoo dye From dental work MRA is safe for people with most types of metal implants, except: Some cardiac defibrillators Some pacemakers Cochlear or ear implants Some clips for brain aneurysm repair Some coils for blood vessel repair Tell your doctor, too, if you're afraid of closed or small spaces. |
feb63d92918a57b6343233ca2135e328 | What happens after my MRA is finished? | Unless you had medicine to help you relax, you can usually get back to your normal activities. If you had the medication then you may need to rest. You won't be able to drive until it wears off. Your doctor will call you with the results of the exam. |
12177385aa2fb205e8e324758225965d | How can liver transplant help with treating cirrhosis? | This is called liver failure. A transplant means your damaged liver is replaced with a healthy one from a donor. You can wait on an organ transplant list for a deceased donor, or get part of a liver from a living friend or family member. It can help you live longer, but it's major surgery that comes with risks like bleeding and infection. After surgery, you'll need to take medicines to prevent your body from rejecting the new organ. Because these drugs suppress your immune system, they can increase your risk for infection. Cirrhosis damage makes it harder for your liver to process and remove medicines. |
9e01d23638162e929418dabfeddc3025 | What are treatments for alcohol abuse that can cause cirrhosis? | Alcohol abuse, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease are some of the main causes. Alcohol is a toxin. When you drink too much, your liver has to work extra hard to process it. To protect your liver, you must stop drinking. That can be hard to do, especially if you've become dependent on alcohol. Ask your doctor about things you can try that may help you stop drinking, such as: 12-step and other support programs like Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) One-on-one counseling with a therapist Support groups to help you manage the factors that make you drink Inpatient rehab programs Prescription medicines like naltrexone ( Revia, Vivitrol) and acamprosate ( Campral) Hepatitis B and C viruses cause liver damage that can lead to cirrhosis. |
ba6eb6172ec768a0f63c36ef14924d84 | What are treatments for hepatitis that can cause cirrhosis? | Your doctor will personalize your treatment based on what caused your cirrhosis, and the amount of liver damage you have. Ask your doctor about things you can try that may help you stop drinking, such as: 12-step and other support programs like Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) One-on-one counseling with a therapist Support groups to help you manage the factors that make you drink Inpatient rehab programs Prescription medicines like naltrexone ( Revia, Vivitrol) and acamprosate ( Campral) Hepatitis B and C viruses cause liver damage that can lead to cirrhosis. Treatments for these diseases can help prevent liver damage. The most common side effects from these medicines are weakness, headache, nausea, and sleep problems. Interferon (interferon alpha 2b, pegylated interferon). This helps your immune system fight off the hepatitis virus. Side effects can include trouble breathing, dizziness, weight changes, and depression. |
21c240fa996cc2dc326f51e968c7bbb8 | What are treatments for autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis? | This helps your immune system fight off the hepatitis virus. Side effects can include trouble breathing, dizziness, weight changes, and depression. With any liver disease, it is important to not drink alcohol and, in some cases, avoid taking vitamin E. In both of these diseases, your body's natural defense system (immune system) attacks and damages your liver. Primary biliary cirrhosis destroys the bile duct -- the tube that carries the digestive fluid (bile) from the liver to the gallbladder and intestine. The main treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis is to slow liver damage with the drug ursodiol ( Actigall, Urso). Ursodiol can cause side effects like diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, and back pain. |
b37975f368da2cd093980a73ab096cd0 | When should you call the doctor about your loved one's wound from heart failure surgery? | Call the doctor if you see signs of an infection around the incision, such as: Increased drainage or oozing Opening of the wound Redness or warmth Fever greater than 100.4 F You should also call the doctor if your loved one says his sternum (the breastbone) feels like it moves, or if it pops or cracks with movement. |
d7c8577d3393792f095111c4ce4a6851 | How do you know when someone can drive after heart failure surgery? | This usually happens 6 to 8 weeks after surgery, or less if it was a type of operation called "minimally invasive." Until he gets the OK to drive, he can be a passenger as often as he likes. The doctor will tell your loved one when he's allowed to get back to his regular routine. |
56e5a440933a430cdd1ce61061a39837 | What can help you loved one get sleep after heart failure surgery? | Some things can help: If your loved one has pain, suggest he take his pain medication about half an hour before bedtime. Offer to arrange the pillows so he can get into a comfortable position. Although it's important to balance activity with rest during recovery, encourage your loved one not to take frequent naps during the day. Tell him to avoid caffeine at night, such as chocolate, coffee, tea, and colas. Have him get into a bedtime routine. If he follows the same rituals, his body learns to know it's time to relax and go to sleep. |
1902b3c34c91d1260e2c6c89449f7784 | Is it normal for your loved one to have sleeping problems after heart failure surgery? | Call the doctor if you see signs of an infection around the incision, such as: Increased drainage or oozing Opening of the wound Redness or warmth Fever greater than 100.4 F You should also call the doctor if your loved one says his sternum (the breastbone) feels like it moves, or if it pops or cracks with movement. It's common for someone who's had surgery for heart failure surgery to feel sad. These feelings should go away after the first few weeks. |
6ae32df43d49a6fef25cd48332c6ee93 | How much alcohol is safe for someone with atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | After you've been diagnosed, it's OK to have an adult beverage as long as you don't drink too much. Keep in mind that different drinks have different levels of alcohol. A single shot of hard liquor may have the same amount of alcohol as two glasses of wine. One to two drinks a day probably won't lead to health problems, even when you already have AFib. More than three drinks a day, though, can trigger an episode. If you're taking blood thinners, alcohol can raise your risk of bleeding. It can also be a problem if you take drugs that reduce blood clotting, like acenocoumarol or warfarin. |
d7563008aaddbcc1f1bbcb2fdf402c8e | What makes getting atrial fibrillation (AFib) more likely? | You don't have to drink regularly, either. Binge drinking, or having more than five drinks in a row, also makes getting AFib more likely. People in these studies drank wine or hard liquor. It's not clear if beer has the same effect. |
5ca34bb391a08a7a98087b46282aa2cc | How much does heavy drinking increase the risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | A recent study found a strong link between drinking one to three drinks a day (what doctors consider moderate) and getting AFib. Heavy drinking, or more than three drinks a day, bumps up your risk even more. And it seems to keep going up the more you have. Studies suggest that for every extra daily drink, your risk goes up by 8%. |
41f5fd6de9a2117834fc05ea15728be4 | When should you call the doctor if you are pregnant with the flu? | You have trouble breathing. Your symptoms don't improve or get worse after 3 to 4 days. After feeling a little better, you start having signs of a more serious problem, like a sick-to-your-stomach feeling, vomiting, high fever, shaking chills, chest pain, or coughing with thick, yellow-green mucus. |
6fc39441f07037546d42b11472c8412e | How do you prevent the flu if you are pregnant? | Get a flu shot. Don't use Flu Mist, the nasal spray influenza vaccine. It isn't recommended for pregnant women. To avoid catching the illness when you're pregnant: Wash your hands often. Avoid crowds. Stay away from people who have a cold. Don't touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Germs are often spread when you touch a contaminated surface and then touch these areas. |
0c6347fe9a4a9a39a8a9943ad02b7cf8 | What prescriptions can I use for the flu if I am pregnant? | Your doctor will know what prescription drug you can use. There are 4 to choose from: baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), or zanamivir ( Relenza) in pregnant women with suspected or test-proven flu. Xofluza and oseltamivir are taken by mouth are preferred because of their safety and effectiveness. |
e9a7d93f73f48dcb608486e85497d4b4 | Is it safe to get the flu vaccine if you are pregnant? | It doesn't contain the live virus and can't give you the flu. You may have fatigue and muscle aches afterward as your immune system responds to the vaccine. The flu shot is also OK while you're breastfeeding. It can't cause you or your nursing baby to get sick. The shot takes about 2 weeks to work. Pregnant women should not get the nasal flu vaccine. Pregnant women should not use a nasal flu vaccine called Flu Mist that contains live but weakened viruses. |
d146de866e914eefbe4568411e0c57eb | Where should you get a flu shot if you're pregnant? | The American Lung Association offers an online flu vaccine clinic locator. Visit the site, enter a zip code and a date (or dates), and you'll get information about clinics in your area. Pharmacies offer the flu shots, as do local health departments and your doctor's office. |
d90a68094952f4be64c7dd513e536e29 | When should you get a flu shot if you're pregnant? | The vaccine is the number one way to prevent this illness. You can get the shot no matter how far along you are -- even the third trimester isn't too late. Flu season can begin as early as October and last as late as May. October or November is the best time to get vaccinated, but you can get the shot as long as it's being offered. The shot will protect both you and the baby from getting the flu for 6 months after you give birth. This is especially important, because the flu shot isn't safe for infants less than 6 months old. If you have had contact with someone who has the flu, your doctor may recommend that you take an antiviral medication as a prevention measure. |
3b7f4a96bd4f490e27f08bed7fec2c3b | How can I treat my flu symptoms if I'm pregnant? | Call your doctor before you take any over-the-counter treatment. Your doctor may suggest: Acetaminophen , the preferred treatment for fever, aches, and pains Saline nasal spray or nasal irrigation Pseudoephedrine, the decongestant, may be helpful. Avoid it in the first trimester or if you have high blood pressure. You can usually find these treatments among over-the-counter cold and flu remedies. Check labels carefully. |
5cfd41bdce28e3fcb80e9d9a478ff117 | Are there natural flu treatments for pregnant women? | Pregnant women should not get the nasal flu vaccine. You can usually find these treatments among over-the-counter cold and flu remedies. Get a flu shot. |
c06d2e930ac07df553193427f5efc3d4 | What medications are used to treat depression-related insomnia? | Doctors may sometimes treat depression and insomnia by prescribing an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) or other antidepressant along with a sedating antidepressant or with a hypnotic medication (medication that helps people sleep). |
2a210fe4efe70205d6693a1fbcfa5dfc | What tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat depression-related insomnia? | Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline ( Elavil) and nortriptyline ( Pamelor). |
f75d83ec17e789358ef245736ff313a2 | What hypnotics are used to depression-related insomnia? | Hypnotics include: Ambien/ Ambien CR (zolpidem) Sonata (zaleplon) Lunesta (eszopiclone) Restoril (temazepam) Serax ( Oxazepam) The over-the-counter hormone melatonin also is sometimes recommended for insomnia or sleep disrupted by depression. |
086f960b55b667d9e5ec7e472b1c4b01 | What serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are used to treat depression-related insomnia? | SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) like desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq, Khedezla), duloxetine ( Cymbalta), levomilnacipran ( Fetzima), and venlafaxine ( Effexor). These medicines affect two neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) thought to be involved in depression -- serotonin and norepinephrine -- and are sometimes favored when an SSRI is not effective or when depression occurs with other problems such as pain disorders or certain forms of anxiety. |
304a9a07ca41dbc40ec9fcf70fc159bb | What is chafing? | If you are an exercise enthusiast, or if you are overweight, you have probably experienced skin chafing, the annoying and often painful result of skin rubbing against skin or clothing. Chafing can occur anywhere on your body, but the thighs, groin, underarms, and nipples are particularly vulnerable. |
25b1d6384454d7213feb789e882a3af4 | How can staying dry prevent chafing? | Wet skin can make chafing worse. Before you head out the door, apply talcum and alum powders to areas that get the most sweaty. Powders can help wick moisture away from the skin. Don't stay in wet or sweaty clothes. |
e7d189dc88cde3d8ed2c17a4aea0eed2 | What should you wear to prevent chafing? | Do not exercise in cotton. Compression shorts, such as those worn by cyclists, may help reduce thigh chafing. Also, less is more when it comes to dressing for exercise. If it is warm outside, consider running without a shirt if you are a man and in only a jogging bra if you are a woman. Lastly, choose exercise clothes and bras that have smooth seams to avoid rubbing. |
f616a77090db887607b031c990b1b817 | How do you treat chafing? | After cleaning the area, apply a substance like petroleum jelly. If the area is very painful, swollen, bleeding, or crusted, your health care provider may recommend a medicated ointment. Give your skin some time to heal from chafing before being active again. Continued friction will only make it worse and could lead to infection. If your skin chafing does not improve after trying these self-care measures, make an appointment to see your doctor. You may need an antibiotic ointment if the area becomes infected. |
4dadd6d0cc0967e4a81103dd9ccfef11 | How can lubricating your skin prevent chafing? | Apply petroleum jelly, or a similar product, to hot spots. Lubricants can help reduce friction to the skin. Petroleum jelly is inexpensive and widely available; several types of lubricants are available over the counter. You may have to try a few before you find the one that works best for you. |
83266bb088ff2093ab8109cab9e38c98 | What do you need to know about abdominal pain? | Just about everybody at one time or another will get a bellyache. Most causes of abdominal pain aren't worrisome, and your doctor can easily diagnose and treat the problem. Sometimes, though, it can be a sign of a serious illness. Learn which symptoms to watch out for and when you should get medical help. |
f2bfe38f125c6ff3d9d4be1ed1a00648 | What are the most common causes of abdominal pain? | Whether you've got a mild ache, sharp pain, or cramps, abdominal pain can have many causes. For instance, you might have indigestion, constipation, a stomach virus, or, if you're a woman, menstrual cramps. |
cb07de370cfbaeb3e5a392dc1314db93 | How does your doctor figure out the cause of your abdominal pain? | For example, get medical care right away if you have abdominal pain and you also: Vomit blood Notice bloody or black, tarry bowel movements Have trouble breathing Vomit constantly Have swelling in your belly Have yellow skin Are pregnant Since there are so many possible causes, your doctor will do a thorough physical exam. She'll also ask you some questions about your symptoms. She'll want to know what type of pain you have. For instance, is it a severe stabbing pain or a dull ache? |
19e8ca9aa5a291f5e7a3cbdc9f2ba3d8 | What questions might your doctor ask you to figure out the cause of your abdominal pain? | Some other questions your doctor may ask you: Does it hurt throughout your abdomen, or is it just in one particular area? When does it hurt? Always? More often in the morning or at night? If the pain comes and goes, about how long does it last each time? Does it hurt after you eat certain foods or drink alcohol? Are you in pain during menstruation? How long have you been hurting? Does the pain sometimes move into your lower back, shoulder, groin, or buttocks? Do you take any medications or herbal supplements? Are you pregnant? Does any activity ease the pain, such as eating or lying on one side? Does an activity or position make the pain worse? Were you injured recently? |
79ae165d85a07558848126e00f64d9d8 | What are other possible causes of abdominal pain? | Other possible causes include: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) Crohn's disease Food poisoning Food allergies Gas You may also get abdominal pain if you're lactose intolerant or have ulcers or pelvic inflammatory disease. Some other causes include: Hernia Gallstones Kidney stones Endometriosis Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Appendicitis Diverticulitis If your abdominal pain is severe, doesn't go away, or keeps coming back, talk to your doctor. |
b14238ad73e37073e6d4f6c0ab692ec5 | When should you contact your doctor about your abdominal pain? | Some other causes include: Hernia Gallstones Kidney stones Endometriosis Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Appendicitis Diverticulitis If your abdominal pain is severe, doesn't go away, or keeps coming back, talk to your doctor. Call 911 right away if your belly hurts because you had a recent injury there or if you have any chest pain. You should also contact her as soon as you can if you have symptoms along with the pain, such as: Fever Can't keep food down for more than 2 days Signs you're getting dehydrated, including not urinating frequently, dark-colored urine, and being very thirsty Can't have a bowel movement, especially if you're also vomiting Pain when you pee, or you need to urinate often Also call your doctor if: Your belly is tender to the touch. |
c332e4553b78e61b6b89668da1997748 | What might your doctor recommend after your examination for stomach pain? | After your exam is over and your doctor is done asking you questions, she may recommend you get tests to help find the cause of your pain. These may include stool or urine tests, blood tests, barium swallows or enemas, an endoscopy, X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan. |
6547ea25ade8fedadbe5cb9b019f6847 | How do you know if you need medical care right away if you have abdominal pain? | You may also get symptoms that could be a sign of a problem inside your body that needs treatment as soon as possible. For example, get medical care right away if you have abdominal pain and you also: Vomit blood Notice bloody or black, tarry bowel movements Have trouble breathing Vomit constantly Have swelling in your belly Have yellow skin Are pregnant Since there are so many possible causes, your doctor will do a thorough physical exam. |
aa7b39fb3f19f3bf56513e0d43c3dac8 | How does the eye exam change for my older child? | If your child is a bit older, she may be asked to identify pictures such as a plane, a house, a duck, or a hand. Correcting poor visual acuity is very important in a child's sight development. |
771645a6b969d25a7ca5a91e0ed837ac | What should I expect from my child's eye exam? | Talk to your doctor to see what's right for you. Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision problems in children. |
42abada057d82b25fc7396767610f071 | How can I tell if it's time to start feeding solid food to my baby? | If your baby is between 4 and 6 months old, can hold her head up, and can sit in a high chair independently, then she's ready to try eating. ( If you breastfeed, ask your doctor if you should hold off on solid foods until your baby is 6 months old. The reason: to provide her with the best nutrition.) If you try feeding her a small spoonful and the food just dribbles out, you may want to try again in a few weeks. Babies are born with a reflex that makes them push out their tongue when something is put in their mouth. Over time it goes away. |
661139cd4acea809b5fb88a6db6e7b7f | How can I watch out for allergies when starting solid foods for my baby? | For safety's sake, serve your baby only one new ingredient at a time. Each time you give her a new food to taste, wait 3 to 5 days before you offer another new one. This way, if your baby has a bad reaction -- a rash, an upset stomach, a food allergy -- it's much easier to figure which food may have caused the problem. Serve new foods during the daytime, so you can watch for any reactions after she eats. |
c9baa9c3bca7b54902037045f842ced2 | Iâve started feeding my baby solid foods. How can I make sure he gets a variety of foods? | Within a short period of time, your baby will try many different foods, so she won't miss out on anything for long. After a few months, your baby will eat cereals, grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, fish, egg yolks, and dairy products like yogurt and cheese. |
46e3df9bb7bf2b5d8bbce2938aab29a8 | Should I serve my baby solid foods that children are more likely to be allergic to? | There are several foods that babies and children are more likely to be allergic to, such as peanuts, eggs, and shellfish. In years past, doctors told parents to keep these foods away from babies, but new research has changed that thinking. Now, parents can serve eggs, peanuts, tree nuts (in butter form), wheat, shellfish, and other foods that are common allergens to babies as young as 4 to 6 months old. If someone in your family has a food allergy, check in with your doctor to discuss any specific questions/concerns when it comes to introducing allergenic foods to your baby. |
8a0870b230a241223af04b232852a21a | How much solid food should I feed my baby? | At first, a spoonful or two may be all that your baby wants to eat. That's OK. She'll still get most of her calories from breast milk or baby formula. By the time she's 9 to 12 months old, she'll eat three solid-food meals a day in addition to breast milk or formula. How will you know she's full? Once she's gotten the hang of eating, she'll turn her head, push away the spoon, play with her food instead of eating it, or even spit it out. Babies very rarely overeat. Don't force her to finish if she's showing you she's full. |
45345293ea7313f8fd18163e50bb3029 | Which foods are a good start when feeding solids to my baby? | Many parents choose to first offer their babies baby cereal (rice, oats, or barley). To make it, you'll mix some of the powdered cereal with breast milk or baby formula. Over time, as she's able to handle thicker and thicker things, you can add less liquid. Others say that pureed fruits are fine. Ask your doctor for advice, and talk about any allergy or other concerns you may have. Unless your doctor has advice, pick a first food that makes you feel good about your choice. Some doctors say 2. |
c65c947803d3d45bdb25dd96d5df960d | What are some solid finger foods that I can feed my baby? | When your baby can grasp food with her fingers and bring it to her mouth, she can try finger foods. Good choices include small bits of very ripe banana, well-cooked potato, baby crackers that melt away, and thawed frozen peas. If you're serving fruits, peel and cook them first. Otherwise babies can choke on them. You can place hard foods inside a special mesh baby food holder, and your gnawing baby can enjoy the flavor and texture of hard foods without the risk of choking. |
5f49e8592c82cb680930ac67eece641f | How can I make my baby's mealtime special when starting solid foods? | When you offer your baby her first bite of food, fill a baby-sized spoon halfway. Be sure to smile and coo and tell your baby what you're doing as you feed her, so she knows that she should enjoy solid food. If your baby is very hungry, she may not want to deal with new flavors and being fed with a spoon. Offer breast milk or baby formula first to ease her hunger. You may want to give her food when the rest of the family eats, to make her feel that she's a part of the group. Bonus: she'll learn good habits when she sees other family members pause between bites and stop when they're full. |
a6c9365f1ed86f30fba17ff21a519f69 | What question will be asked during child's allergy test? | When he sees your child, he'll: Ask about your kid's symptoms and when he has them Do a physical exam, looking for signs of allergies He'll also ask about your family history. If both parents have allergies, a child has a 75% chance of having them. If one parent has allergies, a kid has a 50% chance of having them. |
cd3f550ea4699148f4bbb3f089ee81db | How does a child'sallergy test work? | The allergist may suggest skin or blood tests that can check what kind of allergy your little one has. This should tell you immediately what your child is allergic to depending on what the skin is testing, but blood tests take a few days. If the allergist thinks your child has a food allergy, he may also suggest a type of test called an "elimination diet." |
7130a2fae6c18a554b13051a4913d2de | How effective are allergy tests for children? | This should tell you immediately what your child is allergic to depending on what the skin is testing, but blood tests take a few days. If the allergist thinks your child has a food allergy, he may also suggest a type of test called an "elimination diet." Allergy testing can give faulty results, so the results must always be interpreted carefully and cautiously. Based on allergy testing, your doctor may recommend certain medications, prevention tips and even allergy shots. |
2408dcfb4cbe8bfadb747c563a02304e | What is the emotional impact of having surgery to remove your bladder? | Studies show that how satisfied your feel about your new life depends largely on how well you adapt. It's understandable to feel depressed. It might help you to talk to your family and friends with candor. So can talking to others who've had similar surgeries in support groups. If you think counseling or medication would help, ask your doctor. |
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