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00aaae8049bba41185c5f97040eb5fa4 | How is an implantable left ventricular assist device used to treat heart failure? | The LVAD is known as the "bridge to transplantation" for patients who haven't responded to other treatments and are hospitalized with severe systolic heart failure. This device helps your heart pump blood throughout your body. It allows you to be mobile, sometimes returning home to await a heart transplant. It may also be used as destination therapy for long-term support in patients who are not eligible for transplant. |
2d778b90c4b7b0cbafd2d61f8701c323 | How is an echocardiogram used in heart failure? | A calculation done during an echocardiogram, called the ejection fraction ( EF), is used to measure how well your heart pumps with each beat to help determine if systolic or diastolic dysfunction is present. |
d7b8e2cf0f3fd5e3da5f73f98116a862 | How is an ejection fraction used to diagnose heart failure? | Ejection fraction ( EF) is used to measure how well your heart pumps with each beat to determine if systolic dysfunction or heart failure with preserved left ventricular function is present. |
12204341e4ebf4bfd6b2544e0de4f6c5 | How are chest X-rays used to diagnose heart failure? | A chest X-ray shows the size of your heart and whether there is fluid build-up around the heart and lungs. |
cf12a3b64f006d212d914376603c083b | What is heart failure? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that the heart works less efficiently than normal. Due to various possible causes, blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart may respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming stiff and thickened. This helps to keep the blood moving, but the heart muscle walls may eventually weaken and become unable to pump as efficiently. As a result, the kidneys may respond by causing the body to retain fluid (water) and salt. If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition. |
aab28038c5ad5139742716f0a3013d42 | What medications should you avoid if you have heart failure? | Some antiarrhythmic agents Most calcium channel blockers (if you have systolic heart failure) Some nutritional supplements, such as salt substitutes, and growth hormone therapies Antacids that contain sodium (salt) Decongestants such as Sudafed If you are taking any of these drugs, discuss them with your doctor. |
7e35fb72956cfe1936eb9bfcdf95aba3 | How does coronary heart disease cause heart failure? | Coronary artery disease ( CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart, causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. If the arteries become blocked or severely narrowed, the heart becomes starved for oxygen and nutrients. |
d921faca5d70313c2dbb3cd91df045eb | How do conditions that overwork the heart cause heart failure? | Conditions including high blood pressure, valve disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or heart defects present at birth can all cause heart failure. In addition, heart failure can occur when several diseases or conditions are present at once. |
053842576cbefe6f93ac086c68e7cc43 | When does diastolic dysfunction happen in heart failure? | Diastolic dysfunction (or diastolic heart failure) occurs when the heart contracts normally, but the ventricles do not relax properly or are stiff, and less blood enters the heart during normal filling. |
3e4faf101693b76559077aef801bb039 | How can monitoring your symptoms prevent heart failure from worsening? | Do not wait for your symptoms to become so severe that you need to seek emergency treatment. Call your doctor if you have urgent questions. |
8afe69ecca30970798301b458743771c | What are the goals of treating heart failure? | Your doctor may ask you to keep a record of the amount of fluids you drink or eat and how often you go to the bathroom. Medications are used to improve your heart's ability to pump blood, decrease stress on your heart, decrease the progression of heart failure, and prevent fluid retention. |
d2291959b86f68a3a2e32a48204897a7 | How does a heart attack cause heart failure? | Coronary artery disease ( CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart, causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack damages the heart muscle, resulting in a scarred area that does not function properly. |
334c39c52a4379de9e9774ea22b33c9b | What will your doctor ask about if you think you have heart failure? | Conditions including high blood pressure, valve disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or heart defects present at birth can all cause heart failure. Do not drink alcohol. If you have questions, ask your doctor or nurse. |
a2799210c480fa35edf50e2509feeffb | What are symptoms of heart failure? | If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition. The symptoms can include: Congested lungs. Fluid backup in the lungs can cause shortness of breath with exercise or difficulty breathing at rest or when lying flat in bed. Lung congestion can also cause a dry, hacking cough or wheezing. Fluid and water retention. Less blood to your kidneys causes fluid and water retention, resulting in swollen ankles, legs, abdomen (called edema), and weight gain. Symptoms may cause an increased need to urinate during the night. Bloating in your stomach may cause a loss of appetite or nausea. Dizziness, fatigue, and weakness. Less blood to your major organs and muscles makes you feel tired and weak. Less blood to the brain can cause dizziness or confusion. Rapid or irregular heartbeats. The heart beats faster to pump enough blood to the body. This can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat. If you have heart failure, you may have one or all of these symptoms or you may have none of them. They may or may not indicate a weakened heart. |
46c42bff05f9f2f2d4ebd0b4c3ee2c2a | What are the treatments for Kawasaki disease? | Kawasaki disease is an illness that almost always affects kids, most of them under the age of 5. Your child may have a lot of pain from the fever, swelling, and skin irritation. His doctor might prescribe medication to relieve these, including aspirin and others that prevent blood clots. You shouldn't give your child any medication without talking to your doctor first. He'll probably also get an IV of immune globulin. It will lessen his chance of heart issues when used early in his treatment. Because of the risk of complications, most children are initially treated for Kawasaki disease in the hospital. |
0d3533292d7440b9a290fcb237e17890 | What conditions are more likely associated with Kawasaki disease? | Kawasaki disease is an illness that almost always affects kids, most of them under the age of 5. Because it involves the heart, this illness can be scary. But most children recover completely and have no lasting problems. However, in rare cases, children can have: Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmia) Inflamed heart muscles (myocarditis) Damaged heart valves (mitral regurgitation) Inflamed blood vessels (vasculitis) These can lead to further troubles, including weak or bulging artery walls. |
1f0b30767a422ffd7ffb4888bd962cc1 | What type of medication will my doctor suggest for my hepatitis C? | Your doctor might call these new drugs direct-acting antivirals. They zoom in on the virus that's making you sick. Each drug works in a slightly different way. But in general, the medicine interferes with proteins that help the virus grow or spread. |
07b7801c5a3deeba091562e99b3fe48b | Can vosevi (Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir and Voxilaprevir) treat my hepatitis C? | Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir ( Vosevi): This can also treat all types of hep C with one tablet that you take each day. |
6d1b67b2f2fdb1f04b4a0f769ce08292 | Can elbasvir and grazoprevir (Zepatier) be used to treat my hepatitis C? | Elbasvir and grazoprevir ( Zepatier): This once-a-day pill treats HCV types 1 and 4. It may also offer new hope for people with hep C who also have cirrhosis, HIV, late-stage kidney disease, and other hard-to-treat conditions. Like the other antivirals, the side effects are mild. You might have a slight headache or bellyache, or you might feel tired. |
f839e2e3404714c9ac4afbb0e2d193df | Do all hepatitis C medications work the same? | There's no one-size-fits-all option. There are many different types, or "genotypes," of hepatitis C. Type 1 is the most common. This is important to understand when you talk to your doctor. Not all meds work on all types. Which medicine is best for you also depends on how much liver scarring (cirrhosis) you have. |
4d3945117a72f84f9cb84328e73ccb03 | How soon does my hepatitis C medication remove all traces of the virus from my blood? | Most of the time, these meds remove all traces of the virus from your blood within 12 weeks. This is called sustained virologic response ( SVR), and it's what doctors look for to tell if you're cured. How long you'll need treatment can vary. It may range from 8 to 24 weeks. |
f2b5d657d67d96da3870653702d2a179 | Is ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (Harvoni) used to treat hepatitis C? | Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir ( Harvoni): This once-a-day pill launched a revolution in hep C treatment. It was the first interferon-free med for people with type 1. A year later, the FDA also gave the thumbs up for people with HCV types 4, 5, and 6 to use it. Side effects are mild. You might feel tired or have a slight headache. Some people have a bellyache, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping. |
b81511b2b1147ce395ee34ce0cc706c0 | How can daclatasvir (Daklinza) treat my hepatitis C? | Daclatasvir ( Daklinza): Approval of this drug meant no more shots for the 1 in 10 people infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV) types 1 and 3. You take this pill once a day with sofosbuvir ( Sovaldi). You might get a headache or feel a little tired. Tell your doctor if you feel super-sluggish. |
84c78b569bff9e005848ccc3c0408ce5 | Can ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir (Technivie) treat my hepatitis C? | The FDA warns it can sometimes seriously slow your heart rate, which may require you to get a pacemaker. Side effects include feeling itchy, weak, tired, or having trouble sleeping. This medicine might cause severe liver damage in people with advanced cirrhosis. Typically, your doctor will only prescribe this if you don't have cirrhosis and after other treatments have not worked. |
d3e4cc1c26346516deca0311a362561f | What are the future goals for treating hepatitis C? | But in general, the medicine interferes with proteins that help the virus grow or spread. Researchers may continue to come up with new treatments, and some of the combinations of medications below may change as they make new discoveries. |
7232c93bed946cd2b655b0c9df67e83f | How has hepatitis C transformed over the years? | These drugs didn't target the virus that made you sick. Instead, they amped up your immune system so you'd fight it the way you do when you get the flu. But the treatment didn't always get the virus out of your body. Cure rates hovered around 50%. And people who stuck with the yearlong treatment -- not all did -- had to live with chemo-like side effects. These days, more and more people can get rid of the virus by simply taking a pill, at home, for just a few weeks. This is called sustained virologic response ( SVR), and it's what doctors look for to tell if you're cured. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir ( Harvoni): This once-a-day pill launched a revolution in hep C treatment. The most common side effects are headache, tiredness, diarrhea, and nausea. |
216aa1e002623e7b38c5b9b35b78fcfd | What is hepatitis C? | 1 cause of liver cancer and liver transplants. It's brought on by a virus you can catch if you come into contact with contaminated blood. You could get it from an unclean tattoo needle, for example. Sometimes, it spreads during sex. There are many different types, or "genotypes," of hepatitis C. Type 1 is the most common. |
5ea82f8c15a3212b0a2351a102cf82b4 | Can hepatitis C be cured? | But curing it hasn't always been easy or comfortable. There are certain drugs that shouldn't be taken with it, as the combination can slow your heartbeat. |
0aba27e170a5cfc036671a68a48149b2 | How can you control the swelling of a broken finger? | Cool the finger by applying ice that is wrapped in a towel -- don't apply ice directly to the skin; it can cause a burn. |
95f436884c01d80e70c43fa14b756d1d | How can you immobilize a broken finger? | Tape the broken finger to an adjacent non-broken finger. |
7e6f93fbce6dbc8d8e1af125df01c210 | How can I start to exercise if I have pain? | Conditions: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, back pain, migraine, nerve pain, undiagnosed Symptoms: Stiffness, joint pain, muscle pain, lower back pain, upper back pain, tenderness, weight gain, weakness, pain, pain when standing, pain with movement, aching, back pain, joint pain, joint tenderness, pain at night, pain worse in A. M., all over pain, spine pain, painful periods, tender points Triggers: Treatments: Categories: Exercise 21 If you're new to exercise, start by asking your doctor what activity level is right for you. For example, if you have acute back pain you may have to avoid exercise until your back has healed. Also, ask what types of exercise suit your condition. Water aerobics is often ideal for people with arthritis because it supports joints. Remember, exercise shouldn't hurt. If you notice an increase in pain, stop and tell your doctor. There may be other types of exercise that you can do. |
ab0559173d8b2e3ca39e050dccedfd8c | How can I avoid sun damage? | To avoid sun damage: Stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun's burning rays are the strongest. Protect your skin with clothing, a hat, and sunscreen if you go outside. |
a7538ac5dd5a03e06c084cdc44a831d9 | When should I call a doctor about sun damage? | Skin cancer is often treatable when it's found early. Also, talk to your doctor about any medications that you take. Some antibiotics, antidepressants, and diabetes drugs can make skin more sensitive to sun. Some drugs that you put on your skin, such as Renova and Retin- A, can make your skin very sensitive and cause it to burn quickly. It soothes damaged skin because it is anti-inflammatory and may prevent the burn from deepening. |
16bab88575ac23f1da1efb8bb3d26194 | What should I do if I get a sunburn? | Choose a sunscreen with the right SPF to avoid sunburn and skin damage. If you use these treatments, ask your doctor how to protect your skin from the sun. Immediately apply 90% aloe vera gel or the juice squeezed directly from the aloe plant. Every tropical culture uses aloe vera as a treatment for sunburn. It soothes damaged skin because it is anti-inflammatory and may prevent the burn from deepening. If you don't have aloe, apply a moisturizing lotion that doesn't contain alcohol. |
7a271346973f3aab168d2624b055d560 | Can I get too much sun? | Years of getting too much sun can lead to early wrinkling and age spots, and makes you more likely to get skin cancer. It soothes damaged skin because it is anti-inflammatory and may prevent the burn from deepening. |
8b8d4f28caf946cfdc5aedb90516e67c | What are compression fractures? | Soft, weakened bones are at the heart of the problem. Compression fractures are usually caused by the bone-thinning condition osteoporosis, especially if you are a woman over age 50 who has been through menopause. |
1a5c79254252ed2a8b68964db971c5c6 | How do you know if you have spinal compression fractures because of osteoporosis? | You can have osteoporosis and not even know it. In fact, about two-thirds of spinal compression fractures are never diagnosed because many people think the back pain is just a part of aging and arthritis. But if osteoporosis isn't treated, it can lead to more fractures. It's important to see your doctor if you're in pain. Osteoporosis treatment won't guarantee that you'll never get another compression fracture, but it will significantly lower your odds. |
75fb2a35b152f5856b0ed425fc0a82e7 | What increases your risk of getting spinal compression fractures? | Some people have a higher chance of getting the disease because of: Race: White and Asian women have the greatest risk. Age: The chances are higher for women over 50 and go up with age. Weight: Thin women are at higher risk. Early menopause: Women who went through it before age 50 have higher chances of getting osteoporosis. Smokers: People who smoke lose bone thickness faster than nonsmokers. |
99a588e31d7d080f12b5dce58f3f3b67 | How do compression fractures happen? | Soft, weakened bones are at the heart of the problem. Compression fractures are usually caused by the bone-thinning condition osteoporosis, especially if you are a woman over age 50 who has been through menopause. When bones are brittle, your vertebrae aren't strong enough to support your spine in everyday activities. When you bend to lift an object, miss a step, or slip on a carpet, you can put your spinal bones at risk of fracture. Even coughing or sneezing can cause compression fractures if you have severe osteoporosis. |
b6fd2d0bf5cad629203360bdeb72f68f | How do compression fractures affect the spine? | The strength and shape of the spine can change. You lose height because your spine is shorter. Most compression fractures happen in the front of the vertebra. When you get enough of them, the front part of the bone can collapse. The back of the vertebra is made of harder bone, so it stays intact. That creates a wedge-shaped vertebra, which can lead to the stooped posture you might know as a dowager's hump. Doctors call it kyphosis. |
9c88e2f9ba86a0c2892065883fb40464 | What are the effects of spinal compression fractures? | The strength and shape of the spine can change. You lose height because your spine is shorter. Most compression fractures happen in the front of the vertebra. |
e501123482987e3ab11a3fbbfc5dc331 | What factors can increase an individuals chance of getting a spinal compression fracture? | But most spinal compression fractures happen because of osteoporosis. Some people have a higher chance of getting the disease because of: Race: White and Asian women have the greatest risk. Age: The chances are higher for women over 50 and go up with age. Weight: Thin women are at higher risk. Early menopause: Women who went through it before age 50 have higher chances of getting osteoporosis. Smokers: People who smoke lose bone thickness faster than nonsmokers. |
2f39b1ce93282791c331a3eb2ee539ea | What happens if osteoporosis isn't treated? | But if osteoporosis isn't treated, it can lead to more fractures. It's important to see your doctor if you're in pain. Osteoporosis treatment won't guarantee that you'll never get another compression fracture, but it will significantly lower your odds. |
eeba6d2156252daa364679b0d27cb694 | Are people with cancer at risk for spinal compression fractures? | Two groups of people are at highest risk for spinal compression fractures: People with osteoporosis People with cancer that has spread to their bones If you have been diagnosed with certain kinds of cancer -- including multiple myeloma and lymphoma -- your doctor may monitor you for compression fractures. On the other hand, sometimes a spinal fracture may be the first sign that a person has cancer. |
add111a78e28fe96a13c6348c57b3026 | Where do most compression fractures happen? | When you get enough of them, the front part of the bone can collapse. The back of the vertebra is made of harder bone, so it stays intact. That creates a wedge-shaped vertebra, which can lead to the stooped posture you might know as a dowager's hump. Doctors call it kyphosis. But most spinal compression fractures happen because of osteoporosis. |
d325b1743fc56b6ce0d366bcc4885e32 | What are spinal compression fractures? | When these small hairline fractures add up, they can eventually cause a vertebra to collapse, which is called spinal compression fracture. But most spinal compression fractures happen because of osteoporosis. In fact, about two-thirds of spinal compression fractures are never diagnosed because many people think the back pain is just a part of aging and arthritis. It's important to see your doctor if you're in pain. |
7145536fdcdfacea5049d24e41fa0c26 | What are liquid diets? | Like the name suggests, liquid diets mean you're getting all, or at least most, of your calories from drinks. Some liquid diets are limited to fruit or vegetable juices, or shakes, that replace all of your meals, taken three or four times a day. You do some of these diets on your own. Others need medical supervision. Other types of liquid diets replace just one or two meals (usually breakfast and lunch) with drinks, and then you eat a healthy dinner. You may also get snacks on some of these plans. |
67c7e9f52066b910db7b8ebfb90b5446 | How can I safely get on a liquid diet? | Pregnant or nursing women, and people who take insulin for diabetes, or anyone with a chronic illness shouldn't go on a liquid diet. If your doctor gives you the OK to go on a liquid diet, you should also see a registered dietitian, who can go over the diet with you and make sure you're getting enough calories and nutrition. Your dietitian might recommend that you take a vitamin or nutritional supplement while you're on the liquid diet. Before you choose a liquid diet plan, know what you're drinking. If you're considering one of the commercial diets, look at the daily values on the nutrition facts label. Be sure you're getting 100% of all the recommended vitamins and minerals. You may also want to pick a diet that is not too low in calories and contains plenty of protein and fiber to keep you feeling full while you lose the weight gradually. Liquid diets that include a solid meal or two per day, or that teach you healthier eating habits, will be more likely to help you keep the weight off in the long run. |
59b7cecf0b938ab1323514dedfa4ccb2 | How safe are liquid diets? | Also, if you don't get enough fiber, because you're not eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables, you can get constipated. You also can lose muscle if you don't get enough protein calories in your diet. If your doctor gives you the OK to go on a liquid diet, you should also see a registered dietitian, who can go over the diet with you and make sure you're getting enough calories and nutrition. Be sure you're getting 100% of all the recommended vitamins and minerals. |
cc7b0c6fc5fd96d40b784bdb2101f042 | What is the role of physical therapy in treating tennis elbow? | One of the best ways to treat stubborn tennis elbow is with physical therapy. It can improve blood flow to the tendons, which will speed healing, too. A therapist may also teach you ways to change your tennis stroke or other activities that caused your elbow troubles. Keep the momentum going even if your therapy program is finished. Once your elbow is pain-free and your backhand is better than ever, you should keep your muscles strong and flexible. That's because everyday activities don't keep your muscles as strong and flexible as they should be to avoid sports injuries. Ask about how to do some of the exercises yourself at home. |
9f8892c74db58f112e6355886b2a19d2 | What is cervical disc disease and how does it cause neck pain? | Sometimes simple home interventions are enough to treat cervical disc disease, in which an abnormality in one or more discs that lie between the vertebrae cause neck pain. |
2ecc3883ece7b07032f4fecdfccb8f9c | What is cervical traction? | Traction gently extends the neck, opening the spaces between the cervical vertebrae and temporarily alleviating pressure on the affected discs. |
5e6410daff70aeaf8872af4807b38e4f | How can physical therapy help neck pain? | In the majority of people, certain exercises and manipulations used by these health care providers can help relieve discomfort and restore movement. Treatments such as cold or heat application, deep tissue massage, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound may be used prior to exercise. |
8243ad7535a4ff8e3e56d6d1df9be0b9 | Why is thickened blood from polycythemia vera bad? | When your blood slows down, none of your body parts -- from your eyes to your toes -- get enough oxygen. This brings about the early symptoms of PV, including dizziness, itchiness, and headaches. Thicker blood is also more likely to form a clot -- a clump of blood that stops up a vein or artery. Blood clots can lead to life-threatening problems such as a heart attack or stroke. |
fd690c933ff4905f3a610aac2fc853af | What is polycythemia vera? | Polycythemia vera ( PV) is a rare blood cancer that causes your body to make too many red blood cells. Extra cells may not sound like a problem, but they are. They thicken your blood, which means it doesn't flow as quickly, so it's more like maple syrup than water. |
0cb492456378b5440f83c27ecaa7b3be | Is there a cure for polycythemia vera? | There's no cure for PV, but there are treatments. Most people with PV live a normal life when they get the care they need. |
ecceb56ee27b814a95d717292d67885a | What problems can you get from polycythemia vera? | When your blood slows down, none of your body parts -- from your eyes to your toes -- get enough oxygen. This brings about the early symptoms of PV, including dizziness, itchiness, and headaches. Thicker blood is also more likely to form a clot -- a clump of blood that stops up a vein or artery. Blood clots can lead to life-threatening problems such as a heart attack or stroke. |
74f859e871b92e3ee9bd5429e5537d31 | What are the symptoms of polycythemia vera? | Because PV grows slowly, you might have it for years without knowing it. When you do see symptoms, they may not seem all that unusual. In fact, they're the same as with many other illnesses: Dizziness Headache Itchiness, often after a warm bath or shower More sweating than normal, sometimes at night Shortness of breath or trouble breathing when you lie down Tiredness Weakness Brief vision problems, like seeing flashes You may also have: Bloating or a feeling of fullness on the upper left side of your belly Nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or more menstrual bleeding than normal Numbness, tingling, or burning in your hands and feet Problems with your vision, like seeing double or things seeming blurry Reddened face Swelling and pain in one joint, usually your big toe PV can lead to other issues. |
cf7b11385389581866d8a855fc44ffd3 | What is the outlook for polycythemia vera? | PV is a slow-growing cancer. You can go years without seeing symptoms. Your doctor can check for PV with a basic blood test, but most people with PV find out because they had the test for some other reason. There's no cure for PV, but there are treatments. Most people with PV live a normal life when they get the care they need. |
99e5aaa32e4b73e43548c26f240b5c7e | What are other symptoms of polycythemia vera? | In fact, they're the same as with many other illnesses: Dizziness Headache Itchiness, often after a warm bath or shower More sweating than normal, sometimes at night Shortness of breath or trouble breathing when you lie down Tiredness Weakness Brief vision problems, like seeing flashes You may also have: Bloating or a feeling of fullness on the upper left side of your belly Nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or more menstrual bleeding than normal Numbness, tingling, or burning in your hands and feet Problems with your vision, like seeing double or things seeming blurry Reddened face Swelling and pain in one joint, usually your big toe PV can lead to other issues. |
aa858c8b4002292835ec62105ac7bb79 | Is there a genetic cause of polycythemia vera? | While the cause isn't clear, most people with PV have a problem in a gene called JAK2. Your bone marrow -- the spongy center part of your bone -- creates your blood cells. Normally, it makes just the right amount. But if your JAK2 gene doesn't work right, your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. Even though the problem is in a gene, you don't get PV from your parents. The gene changes at some point after you're born, but doctors don't know why. |
00edd702f1ce27c744d17d5cbbf04b63 | Can polycythemia vera cause other health problems? | But your doctor will work to avoid those problems. Blood clots are the most serious concern because they can cause a stroke, heart attack, or other life-threatening problems, such as a DVT (a blood clot in your legs) or a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to your lungs). Clots can also make your spleen and liver larger than normal, giving you sharp pains in your belly. It's rare, but some people with PV get leukemia or another bone marrow illness called myelofibrosis. |
192e0a7ae413b97a49ba31dd3d8087e0 | Does polycythemia vera lead to other health problems? | Blood clots can lead to life-threatening problems such as a heart attack or stroke. But your doctor will work to avoid those problems. Blood clots are the most serious concern because they can cause a stroke, heart attack, or other life-threatening problems, such as a DVT (a blood clot in your legs) or a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to your lungs). Clots can also make your spleen and liver larger than normal, giving you sharp pains in your belly. It's rare, but some people with PV get leukemia or another bone marrow illness called myelofibrosis. |
03db29ab03f3af179c2bdb646d2fcabc | What causes polycythemia vera? | It's not linked to anything you do, the way smoking makes you more likely to get lung cancer. Anyone can get PV, but it's usually seen in people over 60. Men are a little more likely than women to get it. The gene changes at some point after you're born, but doctors don't know why. |
01fc10cc484ad53adec8515b2b407872 | What should I do if I have diabetes and go over my carbohydrate budget for the day? | Account for any food swaps in your carbohydrate budget for the day. Adjust your medications if you add sugars to your meals. If you take insulin, tweak your dose to account for the added carbs so you can keep your blood sugar under control as much as possible. Check your glucose after eating sugary foods. Read food labels so you know how much sugar or carbs are in the things you eat and drink. Also, check how many calories and how much fat are in each serving. |
8d19b99f0c8eb9dc8aa7c3d0ba923f17 | How much can you eat to maintain a healthy diabetes diet? | Check the serving sizes on nutrition labels. Servings may be smaller than you think. Eat only the amount of food in your diabetes meal plan. Extra calories lead to extra fat and pounds. Don't skip meals, though. Eat them, and snacks, at regular times every day. |
096df0c721fa64901fbd48e11e0da733 | Can I have artificial sweeteners if I have diabetes? | Other Sweeteners You can add artificial ones to your food and drinks. Many have carbs, though, so check the label carefully. If necessary, adjust the other foods in your meal or your medication to keep your blood sugar under control. |
13d862b17bf3aa806e9306bc87382987 | Which sweeteners can raise glucose levels in people with diabetes and which won't? | Certain sweeteners called sugar alcohols have some calories and can slightly raise your glucose levels. If you eat too much of them, you can get gas and diarrhea. Examples include: Xylitol Mannitol Sorbitol You can also use stevia to make things sweet. It's a natural product with no calories. |
215f8339a292f6e41d762c3ba9a1f71d | What does the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet for diabetes consist of? | On the TLC diet, you will: Limit fat to 25%-35% of your total daily calories. Get no more than 7% of your daily calories from saturated fat, 10% or less from polyunsaturated fats, and up to 20% from monounsaturated fats (like plant oils or nuts). Keep carbs to 50%-60% of your daily calories. Aim for 20-30 grams of fiber each day. Allow 15%-20% of your daily calories for protein. Cap cholesterol at 200 milligrams per day. You'll also need to get more exercise and keep up with your medical treatment. |
4a4979a236161a8cedfd1232793ed98b | How much should I eat if I have diabetes? | Check the serving sizes on nutrition labels. Servings may be smaller than you think. Eat only the amount of food in your diabetes meal plan. Extra calories lead to extra fat and pounds. Don't skip meals, though. Eat them, and snacks, at regular times every day. |
b27d5cb568b2155359154bdbfabff05e | How can other sweeteners help to maintain a healthy diabetes diet? | Other Sweeteners You can add artificial ones to your food and drinks. Many have carbs, though, so check the label carefully. If necessary, adjust the other foods in your meal or your medication to keep your blood sugar under control. Certain sweeteners called sugar alcohols have some calories and can slightly raise your glucose levels. If you eat too much of them, you can get gas and diarrhea. Examples include: Xylitol Mannitol Sorbitol You can also use stevia to make things sweet. It's a natural product with no calories. |
a990cc38e76df4b2081a1e55bdc7b16d | Can certain foods help with managing blood sugar? | The Basics of a Healthy Diabetes Diet If you have diabetes, the right foods can be an ally in your fight to keep your blood sugar levels in check. Talk to your doctor, a registered dietitian, or a diabetes educator about how to keep track of how many carbs you eat. That can affect your blood sugar. They may recommend that you use the glycemic index. It ranks how different foods raise your blood sugar. The higher the index, the more it raises your levels. |
1678a2b216d9d5c8625b0e2492c92633 | What is the goal of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes plan for diabetes? | The goal is to lower your cholesterol level, drop extra weight, and get more active. That helps prevent heart disease, which is more common when you have diabetes. |
86f4ff072dfb355fee6cf0ce0641833a | Can you have sugar to maintain a healthy diabetes diet? | Most now say small amounts of the sweet stuff are fine, as long as they're part of an overall healthy meal plan. Table sugar doesn't raise your blood sugar any more than starches. Remember, though, that sugar is a carb. So when you eat sweet foods like cookies, cake, or candy, don't eat another carb or starch (for example, potatoes) that you would've eaten that day. In other words, substitute, don't add. Ultimately, the total grams matter more than the source of the sugar. |
f3d1513c2fb899243a9086f4315e0cb1 | What are some tips for a healthy diabetes diet? | That's an easy way to be sure you eat plenty of fruits, veggies, whole grains, beans, nuts, and lean protein. Watch your calories. Your age, gender, and activity level affect how many you need to eat to gain, lose, or maintain your weight. Go for fiber. You can get it from foods like whole grains, fruits, veggies, beans, and nuts. If you have type 2 diabetes, a high-fiber diet can improve your blood sugar and cholesterol levels. It's always best to get fiber from food, but supplements can also help you get the daily fiber you need. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose. Increase your fiber slowly. Otherwise, you may have gas and cramping. It's also important to drink more liquids. The Basics of a Healthy Diabetes Diet Can You Have Sugar? |
659be9f96d1712116b2fc983dcdb74ee | What are other possible causes of strokes relative to carotid artery disease? | A stroke can occur if: The artery becomes extremely narrowed There's a rupture in an artery to the brain that has atherosclerosis A piece of plaque breaks off and travels to the smaller arteries of the brain A blood clot forms and obstructs a blood vessel Strokes can occur as a result of other conditions besides carotid artery disease. For example, sudden bleeding in the brain, called intracerebral hemorrhage, can cause a stroke. Other possible causes include: Sudden bleeding in the spinal fluid space -- subarachnoid hemorrhage Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Blockage of tiny arteries inside the brain The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease. |
9b89041cb62440a83d68de88786e02bd | How is computerized tomography angiography (CTA) used to diagnose carotid artery disease? | More detailed than an X-ray, a CT uses X-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images of the carotid arteries. Images of the brain can be collected as well. With this imaging test, the scan may reveal areas of damage on the brain. The CT scan uses a low level of radiation. |
059efa09640c612682d806c5c53ec891 | How is a carotid ultrasound used to diagnose carotid artery disease? | This noninvasive, painless screening test uses high-frequency sound waves to view the carotid arteries. It looks for plaques and blood clots and determines whether the arteries are narrowed or blocked. A Doppler ultrasound shows the movement of blood through the blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging does not use X-rays. |
a5536a24c28f8b4d6911bef4185197c9 | Whatâs the treatment for carotid artery disease? | To effectively treat carotid artery disease, doctors recommend the following: Following recommended lifestyle habits. Taking medications as prescribed. Considering a procedure to improve blood flow, if your doctor believes it could help reduce your risk of future stroke. |
85ae4ee2f12cd6569ee8c43645071647 | How is carotid artery stenting (CAS) used to treat carotid artery disease? | Carotid artery stenting ( CAS) is a newer treatment option. It's less invasive than carotid endarterectomy and is performed in a catheterization laboratory. With CAS, a small puncture is made in the groin. A specially designed catheter is threaded to the area of narrowing in the carotid artery. Once in place, a small balloon tip is inflated for a few seconds to open the artery. Then, a stent is placed in the artery and expanded to hold the artery open. A stent is a small tube that acts as a scaffold to provide support inside your artery. The stent is usually made of metal and is permanent. It can also be made of a material that the body absorbs over time. Some stents have medicine that helps keep the artery from getting blocked again. CAS is a newer procedure, and there is still some controversy as to how well it prevents strokes caused by carotid artery disease. Research suggests that the standard CEA may be safer than CAS, which may raise the risk of stroke or death post procedure. |
ebf5415ea31d30396ff741524b8fba3f | What are some recommended lifestyle changes for people with carotid artery disease? | To keep carotid artery disease from progressing, the following lifestyle changes are recommended: Quit smoking. Control high blood pressure. Control diabetes. Have regular checkups with your doctor. Have your doctor check your cholesterol and get treatment, if necessary. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Exercise at least 30 minutes most days of the week. Limit alcohol to 1 drink per day for women, 2 for men. |
5e40e4e8e1fb95cca6ee1fd038b08fc4 | What are the risk factors for carotid artery disease? | Other possible causes include: Sudden bleeding in the spinal fluid space -- subarachnoid hemorrhage Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Blockage of tiny arteries inside the brain The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease. They include: Age Smoking Hypertension (high blood pressure) -- the most important treatable risk factor for stroke Abnormal lipids or high cholesterol Insulin resistance Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Family history of atherosclerosis, either coronary artery disease or carotid artery disease Men younger than age 75 have a greater risk than women in the same age group. Women have a greater risk than men older than age 75. People who have coronary artery disease have an increased risk of developing carotid artery disease. Typically, the carotid arteries become diseased a few years later than the coronary arteries. |
7822f975db6135a98b8819b744330ec4 | How is a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) used to treat carotid artery disease? | This has been the commonly performed procedure for patients who have carotid atherosclerosis and TIAs or mild strokes. While you're under general anesthesia, an incision is made in the neck at the location of the blockage. The surgeon isolates the artery and surgically removes the plaque and diseased portions of the artery. Then, the artery is sewn back together to allow improved blood flow to the brain. The risks and benefits of CEA depend on your age, the degree of blockage, and whether you've had a stroke or TIA. |
59df915dbf409a5c2ecd4f9eeabc422e | What is carotid artery disease? | The term refers to the narrowing of the carotid arteries. This narrowing is usually caused by the buildup of fatty substances and cholesterol deposits, called plaque. Carotid artery occlusion refers to complete blockage of the artery. When the carotid arteries are obstructed, you are at an increased risk for a stroke, the 5th leading cause of death in the U. S. The carotid arteries are two large blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the large, front part of the brain. Your doctor may also use a test to diagnose carotid artery disease. |
7beb6322666139192da5861db4dbf3f6 | What are the symptoms of carotid artery disease? | Signs of a stroke may include: Sudden loss of vision, blurred vision, or difficulty in seeing out of one or both eyes Weakness, tingling, or numbness on one side of the face, one side of the body, or in one arm or leg Sudden difficulty in walking, loss of balance, lack of coordination Sudden dizziness and/or confusion Difficulty speaking (called aphasia) Confusion Sudden severe headache Problems with memory Difficulty swallowing (called dysphagia) A TIA occurs when there is low blood flow or a clot briefly blocks an artery that supplies blood to the brain. With a TIA, you may have the same symptoms as you would have for a stroke. There are often no symptoms of carotid artery disease until you have a TIA or stroke. |
ca15e4d9dc8b473ca15a150c5877f8ba | Which drugs can reduce the risk of stroke? | Your doctor may also use a test to diagnose carotid artery disease. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. In some cases, warfarin ( Coumadin), a blood thinner, may be prescribed. |
dd2c188dad9e8e962ab1fe3b141df79f | Which supplements might someone with Crohn's disease need to take? | You may need to boost your diet with vitamins, minerals, and other supplements. Talk to your doctor before you try any. Most likely, they'll suggest a daily multivitamin and other supplements to help replace: B vitamins: Crohn's can make you low in B12. And some Crohn's drugs make it hard for your body to take in folate, a type of B vitamin. Vitamin D: You may not get enough of this vitamin, which helps you absorb calcium and keep your bones strong. Sunlight is one way you get it. So if you don't go outside often, live in the far northern parts of the U. S., or if you take corticosteroids for a long time, you probably don't get enough. Iron: Inflamed tissue in your intestines can cause bleeding, which can lower your levels. Potassium: Diarrhea and some corticosteroid drugs can zap your stores of this mineral. Magnesium: Chronic diarrhea, Crohn's in your small intestine, or having much of your intestine removed, can make it hard to get enough magnesium. Calcium: If you can't eat dairy, or if your body doesn't absorb it well, you may not have enough. If you take corticosteroids for a long time, that can also cause bone loss. In some cases, your doctor may suggest you get nutrients through a feeding tube (âenteralâ nutrition) or injected into a vein (âparenteralâ nutrition). This gives your bowel a rest and can help you get all of the nutrients you need. |
f2e0c6e954ba5dda80c14e0282db1708 | How do probiotics help treat Crohn's disease? | When the balance between helpful and harmful bacteria in your gut is off -- say, when you take an antibiotic -- it can cause diarrhea and other problems. Probiotics are "friendly" bacteria that help keep harmful bacteria in check. Researchers are looking at whether they can help ease Crohn's symptoms and help people avoid flares. |
773fb40751639a6bfc86068b5554ff02 | What will calm symptoms of Crohn's disease? | There are ways to help yourself feel better if you have a flare: Eat soft, bland foods. Don't eat anything spicy or high in fiber. Eat smaller meals, and eat more often. Eat five small meals instead of three large ones. Drink plenty of fluids. Chronic diarrhea can dehydrate you, which can make you feel weak and tired. It can also cause kidney stones. You'll definitely need to avoid sodas and caffeinated drinks. They can bother your stomach. |
4dd938dc2a8256d087fe72fb8b06399d | Can probiotics help with Crohn's disease? | Probiotics are "friendly" bacteria that help keep harmful bacteria in check. Researchers are looking at whether they can help ease Crohn's symptoms and help people avoid flares. Ask your doctor if probiotics are right for you. |
96038ba97edaf7879ea2ba5f241d09af | What foods are bad for Crohn's disease? | The choices that sometimes cause trouble for people with Crohn's include some whole foods and vegetables, as well as: High-fat, greasy, and fried foods, like: Cream sauces Butter Margarine Anything deep-fried High-fiber foods like: Corn Popcorn Seeds Nuts Milk and dairy-based foods like ice cream can cause problems, too. |
b153681d0e9c314e858b1c158871dffa | What should I eat during a Crohn's flare? | There are ways to help yourself feel better if you have a flare: Eat soft, bland foods. Don't eat anything spicy or high in fiber. Eat smaller meals, and eat more often. Eat five small meals instead of three large ones. Drink plenty of fluids. Chronic diarrhea can dehydrate you, which can make you feel weak and tired. It can also cause kidney stones. You'll definitely need to avoid sodas and caffeinated drinks. They can bother your stomach. If you need other options besides water, talk to your doctor. |
9f53fd918ab54894a0b1ee3192d576d5 | How does diet cause Crohn's disease? | So it's important to pay attention to what you eat. That can help you control your symptoms, especially during a flare. Make sure you get enough calories and the nourishment you need. |
76c0184275dfe31dae4df340b6b7dc4c | How can teachers create a more comfortable learning environment for kids with ADHD? | It may be helpful for teachers to: Pair written instructions with oral instructions. Give clear, concise instructions. Ask a volunteer in the class to repeat the directions. Use a timer to help with transitions and organizations. Speak when the child is paying attention. Set up clear rules of behavior and consequences for breaking these rules. Set up a program that rewards appropriate behavior. Seat the child near a good role model or near the teacher and away from distractions. Establish a nonverbal cue to get the child's attention. Establish a routine so the child knows what to expect (this may be a daily agenda or checklist that can be posted visibly in the classroom). |
fa7f83b50337cfb8d5b3a06275757706 | How long does it take for ADHD medication to work? | Some things to check might include how often your child: Misses details or makes careless mistakes Gets off task Seems not to listen when spoken to Doesn't follow directions or finish a task Can't get organized Dislikes activities that take concentration Loses things Gets distracted easily Forgets things Fidgets and squirms Doesn't stay in his seat Runs around when everyone else is seated Can't play quietly Seems to be in constant motion Talks too much Blurts out answers Won't wait his turn Interrupts others It depends on the medication your child takes, and if it's extended release or short-term. |
f91780d664961f5cfdddf4fc82590ab9 | How long does it take for non-stimulant ADHD medication to work and how long do they last? | Non-stimulant drugs act differently. They need time to build up in your child's system but their effects last for 24 hours. You may not see a difference for weeks, and it may take several more to fine-tune the dose. |
4638da49ceb1145e25e0e4daf28cf550 | What should I do if my child's ADHD medication doesn't work as well years later? | If his old behavior seems to be returning, tell his doctor. It may be time to increase the dose or try a different drug. They can also switch to a formula that lasts longer, or add another shorter-acting pill later in the day. |
c6091629b20d6242ffa23cd58653060c | Is it normal for ADHD medication to affect my child's personality or irritability? | If you think your child's personality has changed or he seems irritable all the time, his dose may be too high, even if his symptoms have gotten better. Talk to his doctor. |
c66374e01a0bbe8257b0934d7f7b8dd1 | Can my child stop taking ADHD medication as they get older? | Most kids with ADHD get stimulant medication, which helps nerve cells in the brain communicate. You may not see a difference for weeks, and it may take several more to fine-tune the dose. Don't try to check this by stopping the medication on your own, though. Talk to his doctor about taking a monitored break from the drug to see what happens. |
5dfc69a27769f9a2055188e316de4667 | How will I know if my child's ADHD medication is working? | After your child is on the medication for a while, you can each go through the list again. If a symptom isn't as strong, the drug is probably helping with it. Many parents find that after several years, the medicine that used to help their child no longer does the job. And they don't end with the school bell. |
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