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208f7acf6493d0eb7140e9bcf01f149a | How may the symptoms of your migraines change over time? | Symptoms of this post-migraine phase may include: Extreme tiredness Sluggishness Confusion Head pain that flares up when you lean over, move quickly, or get a rush of blood to the head Your migraines may change over time, including how often they happen and how severe they are. Attacks may not always include all of these stages. Also, you may eventually get the migraine aura without having a headache. |
cd8f2ec5693028f46dd13e7df6aed934 | What are the symptoms of the postdromal phase in migraines? | Tends to feel throbbing May throb worse during physical activity or when you lean forward May get worse if you move around Other symptoms that might happen during this phase: Unusual sensitivity to light, sounds, and smells Lightheadedness and fainting Nausea and vomiting Following the most severe phase of the migraine, you may not feel well for up to a day. Symptoms of this post-migraine phase may include: Extreme tiredness Sluggishness Confusion Head pain that flares up when you lean over, move quickly, or get a rush of blood to the head Your migraines may change over time, including how often they happen and how severe they are. |
309b908a7c9a0d8fdf7bebd47c2f9903 | What are the symptoms of the prodromal stage of a migraine headache? | They tend to move through several stages: Prodromal phase (before the migraine) Aura phase Attack phase Postdromal phase (after the migraine) Hours before the migraine begins -- and sometimes even the day before -- many people may feel: Either unusually energetic and excitable or depressed Irritable Thirsty Cravings for specific foods Sleepy, with a lot of yawning The need to pee more often In some cases, these symptoms before the headache can help doctors diagnose the problem as a migraine. |
369fd1ce11f4b08c6052670a7867c6fc | How long the does the attack phase of migraines last? | Symptoms may include: Trouble expressing thoughts when you speak or write Trouble understanding spoken or written words Confusion Trouble concentrating The attack portion of a migraine can last from a few hours to several days. During this phase, you'll probably want to rest quietly and find it hard to do your normal activities. |
1f5d6e4169f2f9ceb876e98367ebded2 | What language problems accompany an aura? | It may have a complicated shape. Symptoms may include: Trouble expressing thoughts when you speak or write Trouble understanding spoken or written words Confusion Trouble concentrating The attack portion of a migraine can last from a few hours to several days. |
2ab7ece57561386a5f841ebe53329610 | What are the phases of migraines? | They tend to move through several stages: Prodromal phase (before the migraine) Aura phase Attack phase Postdromal phase (after the migraine) Hours before the migraine begins -- and sometimes even the day before -- many people may feel: Either unusually energetic and excitable or depressed Irritable Thirsty Cravings for specific foods Sleepy, with a lot of yawning The need to pee more often In some cases, these symptoms before the headache can help doctors diagnose the problem as a migraine. Symptoms may include: Trouble expressing thoughts when you speak or write Trouble understanding spoken or written words Confusion Trouble concentrating The attack portion of a migraine can last from a few hours to several days. |
b9aac3c10f382c252831de2a616c8b9d | What is the aura stage of a migraine headache? | About 1 in 3 to 1 in 4 people with migraines get an "aura" that begins before the headache or starts along with it. It may not happen with every headache, though. Skin sensations. |
c4632cd6298dfa643b7fd31c0ead4370 | What will happen when you go to your doctor's office regarding drug allergies? | A physical exam : Your doctor will carefully check you -- especially your skin -- to see if you have a rash or hives. Some questions: Your doctor will want details about the medicines you've been using, your symptoms, and your health. Blood tests: If you've had a serious skin reaction, your doctor may ask for these to check how your organs are working and to see if there are any other signs of an allergic reaction. Other tests: Depending on your case, your doctor may need to see some other things, like a chest X-ray. Treatment: If your symptoms are severe, your doctor will give you medicine to help control the reaction. |
80b7fa0789cfbe40a5b2d2b0a72b9a2c | How can I take care of myself when I have a drug allergy? | The slow increase may get your body more used to the drug and lower your risk of an allergic reaction. Make sure that all of your doctors, dentists, and pharmacists know about your drug allergy. Get a medical ID bracelet or necklace with your drug allergy on it. Always wear it. Know what to do if you have an allergic reaction . If your doctor prescribes medication for emergencies, like an Epi Pen, make sure you always carry two and you know how to use it. |
7a51c4a81c226a69cf8eb8de19efb953 | Who is most likely to get fungal nail infection? | Because the toes and feet are often exposed to damp, warm areas, where the infection is spread, fungal nail infections affect the toes more than the fingers. Your feet are also more likely to be exposed to fungal infections if you: Spend time at swimming pools Walk around a lot in locker rooms Wear the same pair of damp, sweaty sneakers all the time Injure your toenail At first, you may have no outward symptoms. |
35e223670465857a61fdda3f5bcb155c | What are signs of fungal nail infection? | If your toenails are cracked, discolored, thicker than they should be or painful, you may wonder if you have a fungal nail infection. |
c839d3a68b6afd1d57dae4e00fd35938 | How common are fungal nail infections? | Fungus is the cause of up to half of all nail infections. It's very common among adults 60 and older -- about 3 out of 4 seniors have the problem, while only 1 of 5 younger adults are affected. You can get a fungal nail infection on your fingernail as well, but it's much more likely to show up on your toenails. |
752c8b80efc7431cd8e48fdf024b1d57 | How are toenail fungus and type 2 diabetes related? | If you have type 2 diabetes, you should take nail fungus very seriously. Toenail fungus is twice as common in diabetic feet, and severe cases of it along with complications can lead to amputations. Always see your doctor if you're diabetic and you notice any problem with your nails. |
06a7071109c36dd85e2c5c5b81b2b7aa | What tests can diagnose fungal nail infection? | Your doctor may be able to tell that you have a fungal nail infection just by looking at your toes or your fingers. But he may do some tests to be sure. He may decide to take a sample of your nails. The clippings can be tested to see if fungus is in them. If you do have nail fungus, you and your doctor will decide what treatment is best for you. |
36b5d04c4fb15e634d0ef0a5c6d8f07c | How can I avoid fungal nail infection? | It's worth the extra bit of time and effort to keep them fungus-free: Keep your hands and feet clean and dry. Keep your nails trimmed short. Cut your toenails straight across. Don't walk barefoot in locker rooms or on pool decks. Change your socks and shoes when your feet get sweaty. Have more than one pair of sneakers so your sweaty pair can dry out before you wear them again. |
db1963527c211011fe1e39a4bf03a46a | What are symptoms of tetanus that need immediate medical attention? | Go to a medical clinic or hospital emergency room for tetanus symptoms: rigid muscles and painful spasms, often starting in jaw and neck. |
d2eef786ae33a2e2d2304b074a3c854e | How can I start exercising to maintain a healthy heart? | First, think about what you'd like to do and how fit you are. What sounds like fun? Would you rather work out on your own, with a trainer, or in a class? Do you want to exercise at home or at a gym? If you want to do something that's harder than what you can do right now, no problem. You can set a goal and build up to it. For example, if you want to run, you might start by walking and then add bursts of jogging into your walks. Gradually start running for longer than you walk. Don't forget to check in with your doctor. He'll make sure you're ready for whatever activity you have in mind and let you know about any limits on what you can do. |
118382b5424f47fea82abf7ac5ac0127 | Why is it important to exercise to keep a healthy heart? | It's never too late to start exercising, and you don't have to be an athlete. Once you get going, you'll find it pays off. People who don't exercise are almost twice as likely to get heart disease as people who are active. That amounts to about 30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week. You don't have to do the same exact thing every time. |
d99b92fbd562cb462ecaee046094367c | Are there any exercise precautions to take for a healthy heart? | Would you rather work out on your own, with a trainer, or in a class? You're moving fast enough to raise your heart rate and breathe harder, but you should still be able to talk to someone while you're doing it. Let your muscles recover for a day between sessions. That fades as your body gets used to it. Soon, you might be surprised to find that you like how you feel when you're done. |
7f4279b3d8f2804641a02e3705cdd0cf | Why is oral health so important? | Nearly 9 in10 diseases can cause symptoms in your mouth. That puts your dentist on the front line for spotting serious health conditions developing silently in your body. This is one reason it's so important to see your dentist at least two times a year for dental cleanings and checkups. |
f79f84698615df9af6c5f0e0082d165c | How can bad breath (halitosis) be a sign of another health problem? | Excessive vomiting, such as seen with bulimia, can lead to other oral health issues such as: Dry mouth Dry and cracked lips Loss of tooth enamel Sensitive teeth Swollen salivary glands Bad breath can result from a dry mouth or the foods and drinks you consume. But gum disease and gingivitis can also contribute to the annoying recurrence of bad breath. Beyond your teeth and gums, bad breath that persists can result from certain underlying health problems that require immediate medical attention. |
cff599043a5fc09b8b4a69ca393f6d12 | How can bleeding and sore gums be a sign of another health problem? | Gums that ache or bleed may be the result of gum disease that is getting worse. Gum disease is often more severe in people with underlying conditions such as diabetes, which reduces the body's resistance to infection. This puts your gums at risk for inflammation due to the bacteria that live in plaque. Other oral signs of diabetes include: Dry mouth Fruity smelling breath Oral fungal infections Teeth that move or fall out unexpectedly are a sign of advanced gum disease. |
8b439890270c894172c7c1e4428270bd | What are some warning signs that show symptoms in your mouth? | Symptoms to look out for include: Gum, tooth, or jaw pain Bleeding gums Loose or lost teeth Recurring bad breath Sores, irregular patches, or lumps in your mouth If you notice any of these signs, see your dentist right away. Your dentist can diagnose specific dental issues that may be developing. Or she can refer you to another health care professional for further evaluation and treatment. |
91831408b6b584e497e803bb77ff0ae9 | How can loose or lost teeth be a sign of another health problem? | Other oral signs of diabetes include: Dry mouth Fruity smelling breath Oral fungal infections Teeth that move or fall out unexpectedly are a sign of advanced gum disease. Tooth loss can also be one of the early signs of osteoporosis, which decreases bone density and weakens your bones. By seeing your dentist regularly, eating a well-balanced diet, and getting regular physical activity, you can get the jump on being diagnosed and treated before any serious injuries occur. |
5fa4cbb5eff1ea5a270f1315c8ea4e9d | How can changes in tooth surfaces and enamel be a sign of another health problem? | Along with symptoms such as cold sores, jaw and mouth pain are often signs of stress. Excessive vomiting, such as seen with bulimia, can lead to other oral health issues such as: Dry mouth Dry and cracked lips Loss of tooth enamel Sensitive teeth Swollen salivary glands Bad breath can result from a dry mouth or the foods and drinks you consume. |
d2c838efe6cab1aff7fea08445344bb4 | How can someone with erythrodermic psoriasis soothe their skin from the outside? | To soothe your skin from the outside, you can use: Steroid cream or ointment moisturizers Wet wraps Oatmeal baths Other treatments. You may also need: Antibiotics to help prevent infection Pain medication Drugs to control itching Medications to relieve anxiety Some risk factors can't be avoided, like a family history of psoriasis. |
94858c0f033291383155e5690fbe676f | What can trigger erythrodermic psoriasis? | It can appear if you suddenly stop taking your oral psoriasis medication. Other triggers include: Alcoholism Drug reaction HIV Infection Oral steroid medicine Severe sunburn Stress Your doctor will start by asking about your health history and doing a physical exam. |
acf2742803e5b66138dc57491b6c8dbe | What treatments are used to treat erythrodermic psoriasis? | Treatment depends on how bad your symptoms are and whether you have other health problems. You may be prescribed a combination of one or more drugs: Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune), infliximab ( Remicade), or infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) and infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), may be the first line of defense. They work by stopping the attack of out-of-control immune cells. Your doctor may also prescribe acitretin ( Soriatane) or methotrexate to control cell growth. You might also take an immune-suppressing drug, such as adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), brodalumab ( Siliq), etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), guselkumab ( Tremfya), ixekizumab ( Talz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), or ustekinumab ( Stelara). |
4d3b584a01e8833dcc93b4ebd9e21909 | Which drugs help treat erythrodermic psoriasis? | Treatment depends on how bad your symptoms are and whether you have other health problems. You may be prescribed a combination of one or more drugs: Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune), infliximab ( Remicade), or infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) and infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), may be the first line of defense. They work by stopping the attack of out-of-control immune cells. Your doctor may also prescribe acitretin ( Soriatane) or methotrexate to control cell growth. You might also take an immune-suppressing drug, such as adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), brodalumab ( Siliq), etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), guselkumab ( Tremfya), ixekizumab ( Talz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), or ustekinumab ( Stelara). These medicines are powerful and can have many side effects. Talk to your doctor to find out if they're right for you. Make sure she's aware of any other medical conditions you have or any other medications you take. |
a7f78e2138a540d00076ef61cb2ffcd5 | What does erythrodermic psoriasis look like? | Fiery red skin from head to toe is the main symptom. Your skin is also covered in scales and peels off in large pieces. It can be very painful and itchy. You might see tiny blisters called pustules that are filled with pus. Symptoms can develop over time, but they can come on suddenly, too. |
823793626589bffc7da84905ec2a6fb6 | What are some symptoms of erythrodermic psoriasis? | You also may have: Chills or fever Joint pain Rapid heartbeat Swollen ankles Your skin is important to your overall health. |
8552e5ec3eb3d8b8c2b93c557d557714 | What are the symptoms of erythrodermic psoriasis? | Fiery red skin from head to toe is the main symptom. Your skin is also covered in scales and peels off in large pieces. It can be very painful and itchy. You might see tiny blisters called pustules that are filled with pus. Symptoms can develop over time, but they can come on suddenly, too. You also may have: Chills or fever Joint pain Rapid heartbeat Swollen ankles Your skin is important to your overall health. |
3f47e9dbecdb97143be9805079c1f9b1 | Why is erythrodermic psoriasis dangerous? | It helps control your body temperature, keeps germs and toxins out, and holds moisture in. Erythrodermic psoriasis throws all this off, and the results can be life-threatening. They include a dangerously low body temperature (hypothermia), the loss of much-needed proteins and fluids, and severe illnesses like sepsis and pneumonia. If you lose too much fluid, your heart won't have enough blood to pump. That can lead to shock, kidney failure, and heart failure. |
8e242c4b9723596b74dfb9a3cf3e5d94 | How is erythrodermic psoriasis treated? | You're more likely to get erythrodermic psoriasis if you already have plaque psoriasis, especially if it's unstable. Doctors will try to stop the flare-up as quickly as possible and protect you from complications. |
3e3f844fc1e3943999277d0c38163c9b | How can endometrial atrophy cause postmenopausal bleeding? | Endometrial atrophy (thinning of the uterine lining): The endometrium is the tissue that lines your uterus. It responds to hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Low hormone levels after menopause can cause it to get too thin. This may trigger bleeding. |
b4fe0567923ba6210c4cab92554063d9 | How can vaginal atrophy cause postmenopausal bleeding? | Vaginal atrophy (thinning of vaginal tissue): Estrogen helps to keep this tissue healthy. After menopause, low estrogen levels can cause your vaginal walls to become thin, dry, and inflamed. That often leads to bleeding after sex. |
59b34f54b3603189da016d100859216a | How is hysteroscopy used to treat postmenopausal bleeding? | Hysteroscopy: This procedure can remove polyps. Doctors also use it to remove thickened parts of the uterine lining caused by endometrial hyperplasia. She'll insert a hysteroscope into your vagina and pass tiny surgical tools through the tube. |
4c6e0169f9ee9dc8e2bb9ac04c0a0c85 | How can polyps cause post-menopausal bleeding? | A number of conditions may lead to postmenopausal bleeding: Polyps: These tissue growths show up inside your uterus or cervical canal, or on your cervix. They're usually not cancer, but they can cause spotting, heavy bleeding, or bleeding after sex. |
76379aa7d0740bc045411a1c8b87459c | How are radiation, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy used to treat postmenopausal bleeding? | Your doctor will prescribe one based on what type of cancer you have and what stage it's in. The years before menopause are called perimenopause. |
9d9dd407d3cd402c317ded3273913e23 | Is bleeding during perimenopause normal? | D& C (dilation and curettage): During this procedure, the doctor opens your cervix. Your period may be heavier or lighter than usual. You may also have spotting. That's normal. You should also get checked out if you bleed after sex or more often than every 3 weeks. |
2c1a8ca58de332a3247042b707720697 | What are the treatments for psoriasis and depression? | For example, some drugs doctors use to treat psoriasis -- like adalimumab ( Humira), etanercept ( Enbrel), or ustekinumab ( Stelara) -- also can help with symptoms of depression. And there's evidence that some antidepressant drugs can help with psoriasis. In studies, paroxetine ( Paxil) and escitalopram ( Lexapro) eased both depression and psoriasis symptoms. A technique called cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) is another way to manage the feelings psoriasis can bring on. CBT helps you change the negative thoughts that make you depressed. And mind-body techniques like meditation also can help you control your negative emotions. |
ed5235b1edc7ad8603cac73c9db4ea3e | What are some side effects of psoriasis? | Psoriasis is uncomfortable. Psoriasis plaques itch, burn, crack, and bleed. Up to 42% of people with psoriasis also have the swollen, painful joints of psoriatic arthritis. Living with these uncomfortable symptoms can make you more likely to be depressed. |
37d8668ad3a2eb32e96f5b4f00cd5510 | Why does psoriasis make someone feel depressed? | There are several reasons for the link between psoriasis and depression: Psoriasis can be embarrassing. The most obvious reason psoriasis makes you feel down is what it does to your skin. The red, scaly patches can be hard to hide, especially in the summer. People around you might treat you differently because they don't understand what psoriasis is or they think it's contagious. Surveys show that 1 in 5 people with psoriasis have faced rejection and felt unwelcome at times because of their condition. |
fa0ece10072eee865656bc47779174c6 | What is the link between psoriasis and depression? | There are ways to treat both depression and psoriasis that can help clear up your skin and boost your mood. Psoriasis is uncomfortable. Psoriasis affects your brain chemicals. |
0814719c0b68de15f3d58ca386cc62bf | When should I take my child to the hospital about flu? | Get emergency care if your child: Has blue skin or lips Has serious or constant throwing up or stomach pain Has trouble breathing or is breathing fast Isn't drinking enough Is very irritable Is very sleepy, not waking, or not interacting with you Has symptoms that improve and then get worse |
614de322e5b2435d1dbcc63cff435d05 | What's the cure for flu? | Your doctor may suggest antiviral drugs to help your child feel better quicker. |
ef94004f198a3038db7da7c0a572ce83 | How does flu spread among children? | The flu spreads quickly in tight quarters, so schools and nurseries tend to be breeding grounds for these viruses. Your child may catch one if he gets close to a sick person who is coughing or sneezing. Or he might handle infected items like doorknobs, pens, pencils, or toys, and then touch his eyes, nose, or mouth. Children have a higher chance of getting a flu virus, because their immune systems aren't as developed as adults'. |
7cda03f82caa96e03ea5d8e2c50ef232 | How long are kids contagious when they have the flu? | There are three types of viruses that cause it: types A, B, and C. The two that cause the yearly epidemics are influenza A and B. Most kids get better within a week, but they may still feel weak for up to a month. |
156cd1e8da5e893fcaef53099ceeea6a | How do I get rid of dust mites in my bedroom? | These microscopic bugs can trigger allergies and asthma. They can often be found living in your bedding. You can take some steps to get rid of them: Put dust-mite-proof covers on pillows, comforters, mattresses, and box springs. Wash your blankets, sheets, and pillowcases every week in water that is at least 130 F. Dry everything in a hot dryer. |
0bdff416911dca75406aa837ebf10eda | How can roaches in bedrooms cause allergies? | These microscopic bugs can trigger allergies and asthma. |
7c8a10287354818bb522140c3f580992 | How can pets cause allergy problems in bedrooms? | But dander, saliva, and pee from furry animals can carry allergens. Ideally, your dog or cat should sleep somewhere else. If not, do your best to reduce dander. For example, vacuum more often. |
222a64d4e7cfb271114549c5dbfd9168 | How can I keep roaches out of my home? | If your allergies act up when you're at home, your bedroom is probably one of your problem areas. Try not to leave wet towels on the floor. Roaches thrive on water. Store food in tightly sealed containers. Keep your dishes clean. Hire an exterminator if you need to. |
88617eb58ff72a16bee86b074a73f23d | How should I choose and clean a carpet for my bedroom? | Clean it using a vacuum with a HEPA filter and a double bag every week. Wear a dust mask while you vacuum so you don't inhale dust that floats up into the air. Both can trigger upper respiratory symptoms if you have allergies or asthma. Dust mites and mold like a warm, damp room, but you probably don't. |
18e0c79b91ea903f90565bb4250613cf | How are chordomas removed? | Your treatment will depend on: Your age Your health Size of the tumor Where the tumor is Often, doctors remove the tumor with surgery. Taking out as much of the tumor as possible and some of the tissue around it can stop it from coming back. Sometimes surgeons can't remove the whole tumor because they might damage healthy cells in your brain or spine. Radiation -- high energy X-rays -- can kill any cancer cells that are left behind after surgery. This lowers the chance that the cancer will return. |
90b044ce1db352a49e7c9de15426da95 | What determines treatment of a chordoma? | Your treatment will depend on: Your age Your health Size of the tumor Where the tumor is Often, doctors remove the tumor with surgery. |
beec344f3de83895ce957f48cc57b079 | What are symptoms of chordoma of the spine? | Chordoma in the skull causes symptoms like: Abnormal eye movements Changes to your voice or speech Double vision Headache Loss of feeling and movement in your face Neck pain Trouble swallowing Chordoma of the spine causes symptoms like: Loss of control over your bowels Lump in the lower part of your back Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or legs Pain in your lower back Problems controlling your bladder Sometimes, chordomas in the brain can block the flow of fluid there and in the spine. |
85055edf0430dd5e9ce4701904794ca7 | How do chordomas cause issues with fluid in the brain? | Chordoma in the skull causes symptoms like: Abnormal eye movements Changes to your voice or speech Double vision Headache Loss of feeling and movement in your face Neck pain Trouble swallowing Chordoma of the spine causes symptoms like: Loss of control over your bowels Lump in the lower part of your back Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or legs Pain in your lower back Problems controlling your bladder Sometimes, chordomas in the brain can block the flow of fluid there and in the spine. The fluid can build up and put pressure on the brain. This is called hydrocephalus. |
bb15b227b5eb20b11b6b4522460a1ec0 | Are there current clinical trials for chordoma? | Researchers are studying several new treatments for chordoma. They test these in clinical trials to see if they're safe and if they work. These are often a way for people to try a new therapy that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if there's a trial that might be a good fit for you. |
8429068b5ffcd575128f6ca6bed3fc9a | Is it common for chordoma to return after treatment? | Still, chordoma often comes back after treatment. During the first year after your surgery, your doctor will check you with an MRI about once every 3 months to make sure it hasn't. If it does come back, you might need another surgery. |
b857cddb94ada6dd5deb3174dcd4c49c | How is diagnosis of a chordoma confirmed? | Chordoma is a kind of cancer that grows in the bones of your skull and spine. Your doctor will use a needle to take a small sample of cells from the tumor. A specialist will look at the cells under a microscope to see what kind of tumor you have. Your doctor might also do a blood test, a CT scan of your lungs, or a bone scan to see if the tumor has spread. |
ce9bdd3c6927276150a7ed43ee84ba31 | How common is chordoma? | About 300 people are diagnosed with chordoma in the United States each year. Many grow in the bottom of your spine or at the base of your skull. |
babac974d48a625ee1511aab88f51fa7 | Where do chordomas form? | From there, they can spread to other organs, like your lungs. But they usually grow slowly. Chordoma in the skull causes symptoms like: Abnormal eye movements Changes to your voice or speech Double vision Headache Loss of feeling and movement in your face Neck pain Trouble swallowing Chordoma of the spine causes symptoms like: Loss of control over your bowels Lump in the lower part of your back Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or legs Pain in your lower back Problems controlling your bladder Sometimes, chordomas in the brain can block the flow of fluid there and in the spine. |
401ee26bb8d375149408d3d8004cbe5a | What are the side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors? | Some had no side effects, while others had mild to moderate side effects like diarrhea, fevers, fatigue, rashes, and nausea. |
747f45fa64317d05f5e8b5fb0441fe0b | How do general immunotherapies work? | Other immunotherapies work by boosting the activity of your immune system in general without targeting a tumor. A more active immune system can better fight cancer. General immunotherapies fall into a few different classes of drugs: Interleukins are a type of cytokine, a molecule produced by some immune cells to control the growth and activity of other immune cells. |
5ee03efb89b169ced7cf00d75875901d | How does immunotherapy work? | Immunotherapy uses the natural power of your immune system to fight illnesses, including cancer. In the past few decades, it's become a key part of treatment for many different types of the disease. But not all immunotherapies work the same way. Some boost your immune system overall, while others try to teach it to attack very specific types of cells found in tumors. Each has different benefits and risks and is used in different cases. |
d942f042f286944300c54441f1977553 | What are colony stimulating factors? | An interferon called IFN-alfa is used to treat cancers, including: Hairy cell leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML) Follicular non- Hodgkin's lymphoma Cutaneous (skin) T-cell lymphoma Kidney cancer Melanoma Kaposi sarcoma Colony stimulating factors strengthen your immune system by boosting the production of white blood cells in your bone marrow. This can help your immune system return to normal activity after chemotherapy. |
66f6419a6f6e61e304f45029483e5393 | What are interleukin immunotherapies? | General immunotherapies fall into a few different classes of drugs: Interleukins are a type of cytokine, a molecule produced by some immune cells to control the growth and activity of other immune cells. A man-made version of an interleukin called IL-2 is approved to treat advanced kidney cancer and metastatic melanoma. Researchers are studying others. |
b6e2314e9547d61d59fd5d536e1b1c43 | How do naked monoclonal antibodies work? | Different ones work in different ways: Naked monoclonal antibodies, the most common type for cancer treatment, don't have anything attached to them. They tell your immune system to attack cancer cells or block proteins within tumors that help the cancer grow. |
8d219ede4b4592cc77795e92136a3693 | What other drugs are used in immunotherapy? | Other drugs including imiquimod ( Zyclara), lenalidomide ( Revlimid), pomalidomide ( Pomalyst), and thalidomide ( Thalomid) kick-start immune system reactions and are used to treat some cancers. |
8fe0e2e280dc78e7f812f678c67395bd | How do bispecific monoclonal antibodies work? | Bispecific monoclonal antibodies are designed to bind to two different proteins at once. Some attach to both a cancer cell and an immune system cell, helping promote immune system attacks on the cancer. |
6e05e8e3080a6e067efe3502c5c93d8a | How do conjugate monoclonal antibodies work? | They're called "monoclonal" antibodies. Different ones work in different ways: Naked monoclonal antibodies, the most common type for cancer treatment, don't have anything attached to them. This lowers side effects and helps treatments like chemotherapy and radiation work their best. Some attach to both a cancer cell and an immune system cell, helping promote immune system attacks on the cancer. |
1a546cb1780542d16c43bb2bf0463df7 | When are monoclonal antibodies used for treatment? | They're called "monoclonal" antibodies. Most people get this type of medication through a vein. Your doctor might also pair it with other treatments like chemotherapy or hormone therapy. How often you get it depends on your cancer type. Research is underway to see how monoclonal antibodies work for many cancer types. These inhibitors treat melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancers, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
323e2a23c68f2dbb32eff024e5fe423b | How is immunotherapy used for adoptive T cell transfer? | T cells are a type of white blood cell your immune system makes to fight disease. After chemotherapy, your doctor puts the re-engineered T cells back in your body. First, doctors will take TILs from your tumor tissue and grow a large number of them in a lab. These proteins help your TILs find and destroy cancer cells. An interferon called IFN-alfa is used to treat cancers, including: Hairy cell leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML) Follicular non- Hodgkin's lymphoma Cutaneous (skin) T-cell lymphoma Kidney cancer Melanoma Kaposi sarcoma Colony stimulating factors strengthen your immune system by boosting the production of white blood cells in your bone marrow. |
4a85d780f2d7a511c956f74f48bc8e2a | What are interferons? | General immunotherapies fall into a few different classes of drugs: Interleukins are a type of cytokine, a molecule produced by some immune cells to control the growth and activity of other immune cells. An interferon called IFN-alfa is used to treat cancers, including: Hairy cell leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML) Follicular non- Hodgkin's lymphoma Cutaneous (skin) T-cell lymphoma Kidney cancer Melanoma Kaposi sarcoma Colony stimulating factors strengthen your immune system by boosting the production of white blood cells in your bone marrow. |
ccd5724272ccfd98b41bb1a1acbca6dc | What are immune checkpoint inhibitors? | If these cells have gotten inside the cancer cells, it's a sign that your body is trying to fight the cancer on its own. To keep control, your immune system has molecular brakes called checkpoints. Cancer cells sometimes take advantage of them by turning them on or off so they can hide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are drugs designed to release these brakes and let your immune system do its job. |
24ee50f2fe6928092dcd6d77624a8710 | How is immunotherapy used as a cancer vaccine? | How often you get it depends on your cancer type. But it can be any compound that's put into your body to start an immune reaction. Vaccines treat cancer by spurring your immune system to attack tumor cells. They can be made of dead cancer cells, proteins or pieces or proteins from cancer cells, or immune system cells. Researchers are working on several right now, but only one is fully approved. Sipuleucel- T ( Provenge) is used to treat advanced prostate cancer that doesn't respond to other treatments. |
0feeb35fd94f2bdd2934d82d17ade88b | How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed? | ( Most children can behave in those ways at some point or another, though.) Has a negative impact on the person's ability to function at home, in social environments, or at work. They also have to consistently display at least six of the above symptoms: For at least 6 months And in at least two settings, such as at home and in school Overall, hyperactivity tends to diminish with age. |
27bc3455a7d3e36cd16d044cac04dd37 | What does hyperactivity look like in toddlers and preschoolers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still. For instance, they may have a hard time listening to a story. |
85e7615508400c1284b49cd7bad4d06e | What does hyperactivity look like in kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | It may vary with age. You might be able to notice it in preschoolers. ADHD symptoms nearly always show up before middle school. Kids with hyperactivity may: Fidget and squirm when seated. Get up frequently to walk or run around. Run or climb a lot when it's not appropriate. ( In teens this may seem like restlessness.) Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still. |
38ee3fafb17d726b9374bafeb7851641 | What does inattention look like in someone with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | You might not notice it until a child goes to school. In adults, it may be easier to notice at work or in social situations. The person might procrastinate, not complete tasks like homework or chores, or frequently move from one uncompleted activity to another. They might also: Be disorganized Lack focus Have a hard time paying attention to details and a tendency to make careless mistakes. Their work might be messy and seem careless. Have trouble staying on topic while talking, not listening to others, and not following social rules Be forgetful about daily activities (for example, missing appointments, forgetting to bring lunch) Be easily distracted by things like trivial noises or events that are usually ignored by others. |
38c77a69386cb1f19e5e16f0d2f8bb9c | How can you know if someone has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | There are three groups of symptoms: Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity Get the facts on all of them, and learn examples of behaviors that can come with each. |
2282fb235421e1a84ffc71747672f7e5 | Do they symptoms of ADHD go away with age? | They also have to consistently display at least six of the above symptoms: For at least 6 months And in at least two settings, such as at home and in school Overall, hyperactivity tends to diminish with age. But inattention tends to last into adulthood. |
c2d1e2110b58d751f9d1ee1cbef17a75 | When is inattention usually noticed in someone with ADHD? | You might not notice it until a child goes to school. In adults, it may be easier to notice at work or in social situations. |
3b6b20f932eb4e1de3eb378facffb2fd | Does treatment help children with ADHD symptoms? | And a great many children with ADHD ultimately adjust. Some -- about 20% to 30% -- have learning problems that ADHD treatment may not help, though. |
3583b6433fdaaed7174c6b147327ca40 | What does hyperactivity look like in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | School-age children have similar habits, but you may notice those less often. They are unable to stay seated, squirm a lot, fidget, or talk a lot. |
e7f44f4bf3d1323f37b88013d457cd19 | How do kids with hyperactivity behave? | Kids with hyperactivity may: Fidget and squirm when seated. Get up frequently to walk or run around. Run or climb a lot when it's not appropriate. ( In teens this may seem like restlessness.) Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still. |
01a16f7e2e3ca5e3d5690623804e48cf | What does impulsivity look like in someone with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | Symptoms of this include: Impatience Having a hard time waiting to talk or react The person might: Have a hard time waiting for their turn. |
b25158be4af532fd95a1053923526e89 | What does hyperactivity look like in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | ( In teens this may seem like restlessness.) Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still. For instance, they may have a hard time listening to a story. |
fe70a554e2422b070dbdb78177752282 | What is the outlook for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? | They also have to consistently display at least six of the above symptoms: For at least 6 months And in at least two settings, such as at home and in school Overall, hyperactivity tends to diminish with age. But inattention tends to last into adulthood. Treatment can help. |
c6cb2efe2e230acde8b2612b54632e1c | When is hyperactivity usually noticed in someone with ADHD? | It may vary with age. You might be able to notice it in preschoolers. |
6a2042a84be7ff20974c83917dacaaca | What are the signs that someone is inattentive and may have ADHD? | The person might procrastinate, not complete tasks like homework or chores, or frequently move from one uncompleted activity to another. They might also: Be disorganized Lack focus Have a hard time paying attention to details and a tendency to make careless mistakes. Their work might be messy and seem careless. Have trouble staying on topic while talking, not listening to others, and not following social rules Be forgetful about daily activities (for example, missing appointments, forgetting to bring lunch) Be easily distracted by things like trivial noises or events that are usually ignored by others. |
c10e4e057744b9c56653f1e20f6810d2 | What is the long-term outlook for children who are not treated for ADHD? | Hyperactivity can show up as feelings of restlessness in teens and adults. A child with hyperactive behavior may get symptoms of other disruptive disorders, like oppositional-defiant disorder. These children are especially at risk to be more likely to drop out of school. If you're concerned, talk to your or your child's doctor about your treatment options. Medications, behavioral therapy, and other tactics can help. |
b94406511f9ea63d131c3bd44234523e | How do children with impulsive tendencies differ from children with ADHD? | Symptoms of this include: Impatience Having a hard time waiting to talk or react The person might: Have a hard time waiting for their turn. But in children with the disorder they happen a lot -- at home and school, or when visiting with friends. They also mess with the child's ability to function like other children who are the same age or developmental level. |
bde7b0827c04d45d25decaf01f1a5b2f | What should you know about seizures in children? | Here is a simplified explanation: Your brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurons, which communicate with one another through tiny electrical impulses. A seizure occurs when a large number of the cells send out an electrical charge at the same time. This abnormal and intense wave of electricity overwhelms the brain and results in a seizure, which can cause muscle spasms, a loss of consciousness, strange behavior, or other symptoms. Anyone can have a seizure under certain circumstances. For instance, a fever, lack of oxygen, head trauma, or illness could bring on a seizure. People are diagnosed with epilepsy when they have seizures that occur more than once without such a specific cause. In most cases -- about seven out of 10 -- the cause of the seizures can't be identified. This type of seizure is called "idiopathic" or "cryptogenic," meaning that we don't know what causes them. The problem may be with an uncontrolled firing of neurons in the brain that triggers a seizure. |
7bb8ea915e05a4df176317fff7ac4b12 | What should you know about diagnosing seizures in children? | Nobody misses a grand mal (generalized tonic-clonic) seizure," says William R. Turk, MD, chief of the Neurology Division at the Nemours Children's Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. " You can't help but notice when a person falls to the ground, shakes, and sleeps for three hours." But absence or staring seizures may go unnoticed for years. Turk says you shouldn't worry if your child gazes open-mouthed at cartoons on TV, or stares out the window in the car. Most kids who appear to be daydreaming really are just daydreaming. Instead, watch for spells that come at inappropriate times, such as when your child is in the middle of speaking or doing something, and suddenly stops. Other kinds of seizures, such as simple or complex partial seizures, can be mistaken for different conditions, such as migraines, psychological illness, or even drug or alcohol intoxication. Medical tests are an important part of diagnosing seizures. Your child's doctor will certainly do a physical exam and blood tests. The doctor may also order an EEG to check the electrical activity in the brain, or request a brain scan such as an MRI with a specific epilepsy protocol. |
686e1e5e1165f2edbeb5d345e7078243 | What are the long-term effects of seizures on the brain? | In the past, most scientists thought that seizures did not cause any damage to the brain, attributing brain damage in an individual to an underlying illness. Now, however, some doubts are beginning to emerge. Solomon L. Moshe, MD, director of Clinical Neurophysiology and Child Neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, is researching the subject and remains cautious. " I don't think it's good to say one way or another whether seizures do long-term damage," he says. " I think it all depends on the individual case." Moshe notes that the brains of children are very flexible. They are perhaps the least likely people with epilepsy to suffer any brain damage from a seizure. |
3efe0a70a26eb71b02832d048ceb80bf | What are some dangerous seizures in children? | Status epilepticus is more common among people with epilepsy, but about one-third of the people who develop the condition have never had a seizure before. The risks of status epilepticus increase the longer the seizure goes on, which is why you should always get emergency medical help if a seizure lasts more than five minutes. You may also hear about a condition called Sudden Unexplained Death, in which a person dies for no known reason. It can happen to anyone, but it's more likely to happen in a person with epilepsy. The causes aren't known, but parents of children with epilepsy should know that it's a very rare occurrence. Controlling seizures, especially those that occur in sleep, is the most effective plan for helping to prevent this tragedy from occurring. |
aeb5700795674f7fff3ad3fdc70847c0 | How are seizures in children diagnosed? | Diagnosing a seizure can be tricky. Seizures are over so quickly that your doctor probably will never see your child having one. The first thing a doctor needs to do is rule out other conditions, such as nonepileptic seizures. These may resemble seizures, but are often caused by other factors such as drops in blood sugar or pressure, changes in heart rhythm, or emotional stress. |
38b87d2bb682cc148b75a0f6dc98ee0a | What research is being done on seizures in children? | The research into the genetics of seizures is helping experts discover the particular ways different types of seizures occur. Eventually, this may lead to tailored treatments for each type of seizure that causes epilepsy. |
6e8b4cd850c7ba2a6b8418bc4e37b932 | What can help to diagnose seizures in children? | The research into the genetics of seizures is helping experts discover the particular ways different types of seizures occur. Seizures are over so quickly that your doctor probably will never see your child having one. Also, you may want to keep a video camera handy so that you can tape your child during a seizure. This may sound like an insensitive suggestion, but a video can help the doctor enormously in making an accurate diagnosis. The causes aren't known, but parents of children with epilepsy should know that it's a very rare occurrence. |
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