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8421ffa310b4cef887300677d1fbe22a | What is total hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. Treatment plans can involve: Rest and joint care Use of a cane to take weight off the affected hip Nondrug pain relief techniques to control pain Losing excess weight Exercise Medications, including acetaminophen ( Tylenol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen ( Advil), or a prescription pain medication Surgery Complementary and alternative therapies The hip joint is a ball-and-socket mechanism. The ball is located at the top of the thigh bone (femur). Total hip replacement surgery replaces the damaged ball with a metal ball. The hip socket is resurfaced using a metal shell and a plastic liner. |
7c7eb5d0a7cc221aa72b0f59282510b1 | What causes osteoarthritis of the hip joint? | There are many types of arthritis, but osteoarthritis is the most common. Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. The person may be putting extra stress on his or her joints, either by being overweight or through activities that involve the hip. |
cd7e750ffbbda31f358f40bf7f580367 | When does osteoarthritis occur? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. In turn, that breakdown causes pain, swelling, and deformity. The primary function of cartilage is to reduce friction in the joints and serve as a "shock absorber." Although cartilage may undergo some repair when damaged, the body does not grow new cartilage after it is injured. |
ec0e952286eaf185d084b89bffd0d599 | What causes sprains? | Sprains usually happen when a person falls, twists, or is hit in a way that forces the body out of its normal position. Wrist and thumb sprains are also common, particularly in sports like skiing, where it's not unusual to fall and land on an outstretched palm. Even in noncontact sports like tennis, golf, or rowing, doing the same motions over and over can lead to strains of the hand and forearm. |
737db623a5e605ea5492cec7c45f3459 | What's the difference between a sprain and a strain? | People use the words âsprainâ and âstrainâ almost interchangeably, to describe everything from a twisted ankle to a pulled hamstring. But they're not the same. A strain is also a stretch or tear, but it happens in a muscle or a tendon. Tendons link muscles to the bones. |
9711ddd8de22c209402f7a764572c6da | Who can get deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson's disease? | One of the most important criteria is that you try drug treatment first. Surgery is not recommended if medications can adequately control the disease. However, surgery should be considered if you do not achieve satisfactory control with medications. Strategies can be designed to help you regain a sense of control over your life and improve your quality of life. |
276f3836511265a4529d082708f215c1 | How can water affect your digestion? | It keeps the food you eat moving through your intestines, and it keeps your intestines smooth and flexible, too. Talk to your doctor about how much water is good for you. |
850d3b88325863b521e2c5f49c88ea5e | How can you treat chronic constipation? | If you're looking for a simple way to ease chronic constipation, drink plenty of fluids every day. Staying well-hydrated can be a key part of your plan to "get things moving" again. Dehydration is one of the most common causes of chronic constipation. |
d270d53f59c9db39eb59d99ec7b44a73 | What are some precautions someone with hepatitis C can take? | Get into a treatment program if you can. At the very least, don't share needles or equipment with anyone else. This includes razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers, or anything else that could have your blood on it. Cover any open wounds or sores with bandages. Carefully dispose of tampons, sanitary napkins, tissues, used bandages, and anything else that might have your blood on it. Hepatitis C can spread through sexual intercourse, but it's rare. You can't give blood if you currently have symptoms or have ever tested positive for hepatitis C. But you can probably donate organs or tissue, since risk of transmission is low and hepatitis C is curable. |
7531b17ede6de88f8fe5331f6cf99729 | How common is hepatitis C spread through sexual activity? | Hepatitis C can spread through sexual intercourse, but it's rare. In fact, the CDC considers the risk of sexual transmission between monogamous couples so low that it doesn't even recommend using condoms. Also, there's no evidence that hepatitis C is spread by oral sex. If you have HIV or if you have multiple partners, you should take precautions. Using condoms will protect you and your partners. |
03e42d04c3989ec81e28821aefbfcb8e | How common is it for a family member to catch hepatitis C? | If you've just been diagnosed with hepatitis C, you may wonder how you got it and worry about passing on the virus to a loved one. It's important to remember that hepatitis C isn't easy to catch. If you take a few precautions, it's almost impossible to pass on the disease to someone else. The odds of it spreading between people in a household are near zero. |
6efea492c17a70f13ea310e10d224e00 | Can nasal sprays help allergies? | You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. It can also help a stuffy nose. |
a41788a6afe3661433adb3d8f698f95e | Who's at risk for malignant hypertension? | About 1% of people who have a history of high blood pressure develop this life-threatening condition. You are at greater risk of developing it if you are a man, African- American, or someone of lower economic status. Poor access to health care increases the risk. Other symptoms of malignant hypertension include: Blurred vision Chest pain (angina) Difficulty breathing Dizziness Numbness in the arms, legs, and face Severe headache Shortness of breath In rare cases, malignant hypertension can cause brain swelling, which leads to a dangerous condition called hypertensive encephalopathy. |
28b08d3721954d5b6b7ac78f9a03b451 | What is malignant hypertension? | A person with malignant hypertension has a blood pressure that's typically above 180/120. Malignant hypertension should be treated as a medical emergency. The main symptoms of malignant hypertension are a rapidly increasing blood pressure of 180/120 or higher and signs of organ damage. |
e7240461da6fe3ec567f298bdd428b0b | What causes strabismus? | There may be a problem with the part of his nervous system that controls eye muscles. Or he could have a tumor or eye disorder. If it doesn't appear until later in life, it will cause double vision. If an adult's eyes cross without warning, he could have a serious condition like a stroke. If either one happens, see a doctor immediately. However, that may lead to "lazy eye," a condition your doctor will refer to as amblyopia. Most adults with crossed eyes were born that way. |
513dfc01288a7c8520df345d0e55c52b | What kind of doctor treats chronic myelogenous leukemia? | To find the best one for you, you'll work closely with a specialist called a hematologist-oncologist, a doctor with special training in blood diseases such as leukemia. The goal is to destroy cells that contain the BCR- ABL gene, which leads to too many abnormal white blood cells. It doesn't mean that you're cured, but your CML is now under control. |
46d9c6b35b9bcc0d6871342fe580be13 | What causes obsessive-compulsive disorder? | Some have both obsessions and compulsions. Certain areas in the brain may not look normal in people with OCD, but more research is needed. There may be a gene or genes linked to OCD, but this is still unknown. You are more likely to get the disorder if you have: A parent, sibling, or child with OCD Depression, anxiety or tics Experience with trauma A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Your doctor may do a physical exam and bloodwork to make sure that your symptoms aren't caused by something else. |
cd31a8a8ba7a32193a733961451e52a3 | How is a fibroadenoma diagnosed? | If your doctor has told you that you have a fibroadenoma in your breast, don't panic. You can't tell for sure what it is by how it feels. Your doctor will likely feel the lump so he can gauge its texture and size. Even if he thinks it might be a fibroadenoma, he'll recommend that you get more tests to confirm it. You may get an ultrasound or a mammogram, depending on your age and whether you're pregnant. Both are quick scans that you'll get in the doctor's office. A radiologist will then check the images of your breast tissue to see if it's a fibroadenoma or something else. The only way for a doctor to get know for sure that it's a fibroadenoma is through a biopsy, which means taking a sample of the lump to test in a lab. Based on the results of your examination and scan, your doctor will decide whether he needs to get extra confirmation from a biopsy. To do a biopsy, a doctor will insert a thin needle into your breast and pull out a small sample from the lump. |
37fe1c3c83c67a4e1d313500ed0f0dc6 | What does a fibroadenoma look like? | Unlike a breast cancer, which grows larger over time and can spread to other organs, a fibroadenoma remains in the breast tissue. They're pretty small, too. Most are only 1 or 2 centimeters in size. It's very rare for them to get larger than 5 centimeters across. If your fibroadenoma gets larger, the doctor suspects that it might, or he isn't sure whether a lump is a fibroadenoma or not, he'll likely recommend removing any lumps. |
00146aef6dc1d7291e211c47e506f2f7 | What is the treatment for fibroadenoma? | It's not cancer. If your fibroadenoma gets larger, the doctor suspects that it might, or he isn't sure whether a lump is a fibroadenoma or not, he'll likely recommend removing any lumps. |
873c574b0bfaa38314c472f80d57e9f8 | What are the types of migraine drugs? | Knowing about these symptoms can help her choose the right way to help you with them. Migraine drugs come in two forms: Preventive agents that are taken on a daily basis to reduce attack frequency. These include antidepressants, beta-blockers, and anti-seizure drugs can sometimes help stop headaches before they start. You might need to take these every day. Acute therapies, like triptans and ergots, can help with the pain once you have a headache. They also can help with sound and light sensitivity. They work best if you take them as soon as possible after your headache starts. You can make a few small changes at home and at work to manage your light and sound triggers. |
9f3b369b0f320be8a8e8c96c4281e56c | Can diuretics cause erectile dysfunction? | High blood pressure by itself can lead to erectile dysfunction. Your body needs zinc to make testosterone. |
c68f1d01d1f9a224e57979c114f47bd5 | Can high blood pressure lead to erectile dysfunction? | That traps blood in the penis. As more blood flows in, the penis expands and stiffens, and you have an erection. They also make it more difficult for the arteries in the penis to widen and let in blood. |
78578fb6aa219e72d2005d53da2f1ad2 | What is patellar tracking disorder? | The kneecap, or patella, is the bone that covers your knee. Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap. Tracking problems could come from overall alignment issues between your leg and hip. Weak thigh muscles can also be part of the problem. |
2feb1d6244f10f14f26ab36132f52fe8 | What is kneecap? | It helps give the joint strength and structure, which allows your legs to bend and turn safely. Symptoms that your kneecap has subluxated include: Pain in the front of your knee A feeling that your kneecap is loose Your knee suddenly buckles In a fall, landing directly on your knee A direct hit to your knee, like slamming it against the dashboard in a car accident If you break your kneecap, your symptoms might include: Bruises You can't walk You can't straighten your knee or keep it straight when you raise your leg This catch-all term describes pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap. |
474211003ea45cf901395d76d9360536 | Are there different types of constipation? | If there's a problem with your how your lower intestinal tract (colon, rectum, and anus) are working, you have âfunctional constipation.â But if that's not the case, you could have âsecondary constipationâ -- that's when it's brought on by a medical problem or a medication you take. If it happens in your rectum, you may get constipated. |
c42052d1ec59a63b8a0e707a03d0072d | What common health conditions are linked with vascular disease and clogged arteries? | They lower blood flow to organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Some common health conditions are linked with vascular disease and clogged arteries: Coronary artery disease (clogged arteries in the heart) High blood pressure Diabetes High cholesterol Obesity Peripheral vascular disease, which affects the blood vessels that send blood to the arms, hands, legs, and feet If you have one of these conditions, it's more likely that the problem can affect the blood vessels in your penis and cause erectile dysfunction. |
7a7783fdfafa75b3ab940b319dfe0725 | What is targeted therapy for melanoma? | This can happen because of bad genes inside the cells. In targeted therapy, drugs go after changes in melanoma cells that make them grow out of control. This treatment tends to stop working well after a while. If that happens, you and your doctor will need to try another approach. It happens when your body holds on to fluid because your lymph system is blocked or damaged. |
57f331245125dd043011d16e88c712ce | What is stomach pain? | It can bother you for a short while or for hours. You might have a problem with dairy products (called lactose intolerance) or another kind of food. Alcoholic and caffeinated beverages can cause trouble for some people, too, so steer clear of them if they bother your stomach. If you have sharp or severe stomach pain, get medical help right away. |
25de2a36315786c44a429c5757ae8460 | Can changing how often you eat prevent belly pain? | With so many kinds of belly pain, it's no surprise that different things can cause it. If this happens, eat smaller meals or snacks spaced out throughout the day so your stomach isn't empty for long periods. The opposite also can cause stomach pain. If you eat so much that you feel stuffed, your stomach is likely to hurt. |
b431827a9dbdc4941c82fbbf6a23f75b | Can watching what you eat prevent belly pain? | You might have gas or diarrhea, or you might be constipated. They can wreak havoc on your gut as your body digests them. They also can slow down the process and make you more likely to get constipated. If you eat more nutritious foods, with a focus on veggies and fiber, you'll digest things at a healthy speed, and your stomach will thank you. |
51f0fb55266520e2ed35373e47caaec0 | What can you expect in your newborn's poops for the first week? | If she cries toward the end, that may mean she's hungry for more. After that's out of her system, her poop will become soft and runny. If you breastfeed her, she will have light yellowish, seedy-looking poop. If she eats formula, it will be firmer and tan or yellow in color. After a few weeks, the pooping slows down. Breastfed babies can go a week with just one bowel movement, while formula-fed babies should poop at least once a day. The first few weeks, your baby will snooze about 16 hours a day, usually in 2- to 4-hour stretches, any time of day or night. |
f9f49cd286651aac8676ed13c8cd9615 | How can you soothe your newborn when she's crying? | Try to get your baby to burp during and after her feeding. Rock, walk, or bounce her. Move to a quiet place and turn on a calming sound, like a fan or a white noise machine. Offer a pacifier, or help her find her finger or thumb to suck. Smile, sing, read, and talk to her, sway with her to music, make funny faces for her to imitate, and offer interesting objects for her to feel and look at. |
187a6a76666a5e0db5e99e164fbddd44 | How will your newborn play in her first weeks? | Many will fall asleep while they're eating or sucking, and that's just fine. This is a great time to play with them. Your baby is learning the sound of your voice, the sight of your face, and your touch. Smile, sing, read, and talk to her, sway with her to music, make funny faces for her to imitate, and offer interesting objects for her to feel and look at. At this age, babies don't need toys -- your face and eyes, your baby's hands and feet, and simple objects like a rattle, shatterproof mirror, or colorful scarf will offer plenty of entertainment. |
49301989f039dcab85b27eb016b81430 | Is weight an issue for people with asthma? | That's bad not only for your general health, but for your asthma specifically. People who are obese are more likely to have more severe asthma symptoms, take more medication, and miss more work than people who maintain a normal weight . If you have GERD, you may need to take medicine. |
8fe72896e780f0b862141fd7a9ae4c55 | Is there an asthma diet? | That goes for people with asthma, too. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Eat foods with omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids -- found in fish like salmon, tuna, and sardines and some plant sources, like flaxseed -- are believed to have a number of health benefits. Avoid trans fats and omega-6 fatty acids. There's some evidence that eating omega-6 fats and trans fats, found in some margarines and processed foods, may worsen asthma, and other serious health conditions such as heart disease. |
4475ab9cfebd67df6e43080212d7b35e | What common oral problems should I watch for if I have lung cancer? | When you have lung cancer, you may notice that it even seems to affect your mouth. These can appear on the lining of your mouth and throat. They can make it hard to eat and drink. Dry mouth. This can make it hard to swallow and make you more likely to get infections and cavities. Bleeding or sensitive gums. Your doctor or dentist may call this gingivitis. Aches and pains in and around your jaw. Changes in the way food tastes. You might have less of an appetite, too, which can impact your ability to get enough healthy food. New cavities. Infections in your mouth. If you notice any of these things, tell your doctor, a nurse, or another member of your cancer care team. Although some of these side effects can be normal, they can sometimes be a sign that your treatment plan needs to change. |
a38f628d0795f15624c897f318cf4b07 | Should I use fluoride if I have lung cancer? | Your dentist or periodontist should look at your teeth and gums. Your dentist may make a tray for your teeth that you wear at night, or you may get a fluoride treatment at your next dental checkup. |
e74cf84da57292fdb0205baaf935d744 | Should I eat well if I am diagnosed with lung cancer? | Infections in your mouth. You may not have as much of an appetite when you're going through treatment. Skip mouthwashes that contain alcohol, which can be drying. |
82b47d0af951a5e34eb96fa476cac661 | Should I exercise my jaw if I get radiation therapy? | Likewise, certain kinds of radiation therapy can cause pain and stiffness, and even contribute to cavities in your teeth because of dry mouth. Three times a day, open and close your mouth as far as you can without feeling pain 20 times. This can help prevent and ease stiffness in your jaw muscles. |
d08eb2539778a50c1b6d83063e1b1813 | Will lung cancer ever affect my mouth? | Food might not even taste the way it usually does. Usually, those changes are related to the treatments, not the disease itself. But if your cancer spreads to your lymph nodes or other areas around your head or neck, it could cause problems like pain. When you get treated for cancer in your lungs or elsewhere in your body, you might have: Mouth sores. Bleeding or sensitive gums. |
991c780168a760b0dd366fa1a027341e | Can smoking affect my mouth and oral health? | No doubt about it: You need the lung cancer treatments. If you quit tobacco, those problems become less likely, though they're still more likely than for a nonsmoker. These can ease mouth sores and dry mouth. |
8ec006d16412018c43173aaf7ea6e7d2 | How is palliative care different from hospice? | Unlike with hospice care, you can receive palliative care at any stage in your disease and continue to get treatments to cure it. You don't have to be dying or have a terminal illness to get palliative care. |
188864c760a5b689e7227e5421c7443b | How can a palliative care team help you and your child with emotions? | You may be in pain or too tired to get through the day. The team can answer questions about treatment options, help you make decisions, and let your regular doctors know your wishes. |
149454f8d0dfcf479e6fe430d5f2c01c | How can rheumatoid arthritis affect your lungs? | Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms can go beyond your joints. This may not cause symptoms. Your doctor can treat it with drugs that ease the inflammation in the lungs. |
21fbb2f6b5338a0d330c537d70af063f | Does rheumatoid arthritis affect your joints? | RA almost always affects your joints. Redness and warmth. |
10d9c5278045ca9b7acdfee0857c12a5 | When is the best time to start titration for ADHD medication in a child? | This is called titration. You may want to start during the weekend or over a school break so you can keep a close eye on your child for the first few days. You can also use this time to figure out the best time to take the medicine. For example, a younger child may need to take the medicine in the morning to focus throughout the school day, and a teen may need a stronger dose later in the afternoon to get through homework or to focus while driving home. |
5c3c5e87e585adddafbf0110d43e1cf6 | How long does ADHD medication titration take? | It can take several weeks. And don't be discouraged if the first medicine your child takes isn't the right fit. The doctor may try titration with two or three different types of medicine before finding the best match. Check in with the doctor every 3 months or so to make sure your child is still on the right treatment. |
3e1897d89e784d935faa79165adc2de5 | How can I find the right ADHD treatment for my child? | Your doctor may prescribe your child a low dose of a medicine, then raise it little by little until your child gets the greatest benefit with the fewest side effects. This is called titration. Watch your child for symptoms and side effects as he grows and his schedule and lifestyle change. |
2b6c3411e142a003a1491dc7dd0f09dd | What should you know about the signs of a heart attack? | Some come on suddenly, and others give plenty of warning. Still, there are some common signs of heart attacks in men. This is the most common symptom of a heart attack in both men and women. The pain can be severe, but it doesn't have to be. If you think there's any possibility that you're having a heart attack, call 911 right away. |
1253c1b09d1d5d3fd4fbacc2163ba581 | Who gets oral cancer? | It's estimated that over 50,000 people in the U. S. received a diagnosis of oral cancer in 2019. Risk factors for the development of oral cancer include: Smoking . Cigarette, cigar, or pipe smokers are six times more likely than nonsmokers to develop oral cancers. Smokeless tobacco users. Users of dip, snuff, or chewing tobacco products are 50 times more likely to develop cancers of the cheek, gums, and lining of the lips. Excessive consumption of alcohol. Oral cancers are about six times more common in drinkers than in nondrinkers. Family history of cancer. Excessive sun exposure, especially at a young age. Human papillomavirus ( HPV). Certain HPV strains are etiologic risk factors for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ( OSCC). The American Cancer Society recommends oral cancer screening exams every 3 years for persons over age 20 and annually for those over age 40. |
66a8a2eed04a3bb49ddac9a0fddf5d44 | How is oral cancer diagnosed? | A biopsy may be needed to determine the makeup of a suspicious looking area. There are different types of biopsies and your doctor can determine which one is best. Many doctors don't use brush biopsies because while they're very easy, they still need a scalpel biopsy to confirm the results if the brush biopsy is positive. Also there are different types of scalpel biopsies, incisional and excisional, depending whether only a piece or the whole area is needed to determine what the nature of the problem is. Some doctors perform these biopsies with lasers. Feel for lumps or enlarged lymph nodes in both sides of your neck and under your lower jaw. Call your dentist's office immediately if you notice any changes in the appearance of your mouth or any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above. During your next dental appointment, ask your dentist to perform an oral exam. |
77ef4e18989d4e35b6dd34e2e30e7973 | What are the symptoms of oral cancer? | The most common symptoms of oral cancer include: Swellings/thickenings, lumps or bumps, rough spots/crusts/or eroded areas on the lips, gums, or other areas inside the mouth The development of velvety white, red, or speckled (white and red) patches in the mouth $('.ua_type_mobile .article table').css('width','100%'); Unexplained bleeding in the mouth Unexplained numbness, loss of feeling, or pain/tenderness in any area of the face, mouth, or neck Persistent sores on the face, neck, or mouth that bleed easily and do not heal within 2 weeks A soreness or feeling that something is caught in the back of the throat Difficulty chewing or swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue Hoarseness, chronic sore throat, or change in voice Ear pain A change in the way your teeth or dentures fit together Dramatic weight loss If you notice any of these changes, contact your dentist or health care professional immediately. Call your dentist's office immediately if you notice any changes in the appearance of your mouth or any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above. |
ea2088142bd58e1ce7a9b6c6ac946099 | How can anemia cause breathlessness? | This can lead to a condition called anemia. Some people get pale skin and cold hands and feet. Anyone can get it, but you're at higher risk if your immune system is weak, you have a lung disease like asthma, or you smoke. Over time, that makes your body have fewer red blood cells. |
70e632c5e1e0db4e6ed003bba3af438a | What are hookworms? | You can catch this parasite by walking barefoot through infected soil or by drinking or eating food that has hookworm eggs in it. Once hookworms get inside you, they grow in your intestines and feed on your blood. Warning signs: Weakness, feeling tired, stomach pain, diarrhea, weight loss. Hookworms are easy to treat. |
31de9b9cb7f8a1a3592f4d33387e5aeb | What are treatments for breathlessness caused by anxiety? | When you're stressed or worried, the muscles that help you breathe tighten. This makes you breathe faster than normal. Try to stay calm. Sit or lie down and relax your shoulders as much as you can. Breathe in through your nose for 4 seconds, and out through pursed lips (like you're blowing out a candle) for 8. This can help bring your breath back to normal. |
77eabe4aa423d9458c693462a1677f2b | What is myasthenia gravis? | When you're stressed or worried, the muscles that help you breathe tighten. It prevents your nerves and muscles from âtalkingâ to each other like they should. You may notice a drooping eyelid or double vision. Other signs may be trouble with speaking, swallowing, or smiling, feeling tired, and weakness in your arms and legs. For a few people, symptoms go away on their own. But most need drugs to get your nerves and muscles âtalkingâ again. |
5dad61dafdc7b45e87b9fba77595db24 | Why is it important to continually check blood sugar levels if you are pregnant with diabetes? | Tight control will help you avoid complications and long-term health problems for both you and your baby. You're eating differently because your body needs more energy to help your baby grow and be healthy. And your changing hormones affect how your body makes and uses insulin. In the later parts of your pregnancy, you may become more insulin resistant, so blood sugar builds up to higher levels. If you are pregnant and have type 1 diabetes, your doctor might sometimes ask you to check your blood sugar in the middle of the night, around 3 a.m. |
d2595d1067053d75d11b0a72b2cbd5a4 | How can your blood sugar levels affect you during your pregnancy? | Tight control will help you avoid complications and long-term health problems for both you and your baby. You're eating differently because your body needs more energy to help your baby grow and be healthy. In the later parts of your pregnancy, you may become more insulin resistant, so blood sugar builds up to higher levels. If you are pregnant and have type 1 diabetes, your doctor might sometimes ask you to check your blood sugar in the middle of the night, around 3 a.m. |
2b072bdfdc9fe0db42b46e385c782da7 | How do our eyes work? | The first thing it touches is a thin veil of tears in the front. Behind this is your eye's front window, the cornea. This clear layer helps focus the light. On the other side is liquid called the aqueous humor. It circulates throughout the front part of your eye and keeps pressure inside constant After the aqueous humor, light passes through the pupil. And that's how you see: Light, reflected from an object, enters the eye, gets focused, is converted into electrochemical signals, delivered to the brain, and is interpreted, or "seen," as an image. |
d277f7a7e2ac36a81cf1a9eac68c4712 | How does the eye see? | The macula is the bull's-eye at the center of your retina. They're special nerve endings that convert the light into electrochemical signals. And that's how you see: Light, reflected from an object, enters the eye, gets focused, is converted into electrochemical signals, delivered to the brain, and is interpreted, or "seen," as an image. |
11af62685b1d1cc81445f921e838ff74 | How can I cope with the emotional changes of menopause? | Some of the emotional changes experienced by women undergoing perimenopause or menopause can include: Irritability Feelings of sadness Lack of motivation Anxiety Aggressiveness Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Mood changes Tension If you are feeling irritable and sad, there is a good chance it could be related to menopause, but the above listed symptoms are not linked only to menopause. He or she may be able to recommend medicine, such as antidepressants, or therapy that can get you through this rough time. |
f7efe7fe0d3212ed59ef7694c7f56f48 | Do experts know what causes migraine? | Most believe a combination of factors, from genetics to neurovascular imbalances in the brain, play a role. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
744002e8363d180319851690a0e2415a | What are specific weather triggers of headaches and migraines? | Three out of every four respondents said that weather triggered their headache pain. Specific weather triggers include: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature Storms Extremely dry conditions Dusty environments Listed below are common environmental triggers for headaches included in the survey and the percentage of people who identified them as triggers. The survey cited earlier also found that two out of three headache sufferers had not discussed environmental triggers with their doctors. |
62ead84c914b9a62879a1a3dea3f30ea | What plays a role in headaches and migraines? | Most believe a combination of factors, from genetics to neurovascular imbalances in the brain, play a role. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
8e5a67437a982dde21f9e48666e49592 | What are warning signs of headaches and migraines triggered by the weather? | Keeping a headache or migraine diary is the first step toward keeping pain from disrupting your life. Some people have clear signs that a migraine headache is coming. Possible signs include: Irritability Depression Frequent yawning Feeling especially excitable If headaches plague you, keep a daily headache diary. Record any irritability or other prodromal signs. |
2b9224b39c6b4ba65e9d67cf230ae347 | Does the weather really trigger headaches and migraines? | People often have more than one type of trigger for their headaches. But those same experts would agree that headache is still somewhat of a mystery. They also point out that headaches are as individual as they are unpredictable. The only way to know for sure if weather is a factor for you is to find out for yourself. And the only way to do that is with a detailed headache diary. But you may be better able to plan around it and keep your headaches at bay. |
9aa254a46d0b85adccd1da16e90f1271 | What common environmental triggers can cause migraines? | Specific weather triggers include: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature Storms Extremely dry conditions Dusty environments Listed below are common environmental triggers for headaches included in the survey and the percentage of people who identified them as triggers. People often have more than one type of trigger for their headaches. They also said they'd stayed away from places likely to have smoke in the air, such as restaurants or bars. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
3fb87b502cf1e4c1cf3254b533fd0174 | What is estradiol? | A hormone is a chemical substance. Estriol is made from the placenta. Estradiol is responsible for female characteristics and sexual functioning. Also, estradiol is important to women's bone health. Estradiol contributes to most gynecologic problems, including endometriosis and fibroids and even female cancers. |
e5865e462e6578a3eb065307c30bed06 | Do estrogen levels fall at menopause? | It is the main estrogen present after menopause. Estrogen levels fall at menopause. This is a natural transition for all women between ages 40 and 55. The first natural decline in estrogen levels starts during this phase. |
0a528fdaec89de54f88d01fa6a66dcae | Why do estrogen levels rise in women? | During puberty, it's normal for levels of estrogen to rise. In addition, high levels of estrogen are seen in women who are extremely overweight. Estrogen levels rise during a healthy pregnancy, and increased estrogen levels may be seen with tumors of the ovaries, testes, or adrenal glands. |
36484db03fa64a6a674e58b15a7bdbc1 | Are there groups or organizations that can help me with my migraines? | From medications, to alternative treatments, to new methods to ease stress and relax, try these tips to keep the pain at bay. Other people with migraine headaches can offer other tips on how to deal with your symptoms. See if you can find some that meet in your area or online. |
0342384fbc712a056da10e0b112d16e0 | How can I relieve emotional stress to treat my migraine? | From medications, to alternative treatments, to new methods to ease stress and relax, try these tips to keep the pain at bay. Learn skills that can calm you, like deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation. |
869c5816afb161659f45a7f5eb6dde2a | What happens to my body after 8 hours of not smoking? | Why does that matter? Carbon monoxide is a chemical in cigarettes, and it crowds out oxygen in your blood. That causes problems from your muscles to your brain because they don't get the oxygen they need. But as the chemical's levels drop, your oxygen gets back to normal. By the end of day 3, you breathe easier and have more energy. |
784ed70469442d2b85c453dea9c2972f | How will a doctor treat a black widow spider bite? | If possible, kill and capture the spider (place it in a plastic bag or jar) and take it to your doctor appointment. Your doctor will review your symptoms and decide what more treatment, if any, is needed. If they're severe, you may need muscle relaxants or stronger pain medicine. You may have to stay in the hospital, though that's rarely the case. In the most severe cases, your doctor may inject you with antivenin. It's a drug made from substances in the blood of horses. Antivenin neutralizes the black widow's venom. Antivenin can cause a number of side effects, so if your doctor gives it to you, he'll have to monitor you for about 8 to 12 days afterward. |
e0f9294cf74725bc0a7b08f5c57a1171 | What are the risks and benefits of taking part in clinical trials for pancreatic cancer? | Through pancreatic cancer clinical trials, researchers test the effects of new drugs on a group of volunteers with pancreatic cancer. The drugs being tested may be more or less effective than the current pancreatic cancer treatment. The specifics of a particular clinical trial should be discussed with your doctor. |
2350b5b63618fa5182b439f782248280 | How are new medications and treatments for pancreatic cancer tested? | Following a strict protocol and using carefully controlled conditions, researchers evaluate the investigational drugs under development and measure the ability of the new drug to treat pancreatic cancer, its safety, and any possible side effects. Patient and Liaison Services ( PALS) program staff can speak with you by phone, at no charge, to help find trials that might be right for you. |
e0480f949c6d300738937d9736e73157 | Can massage therapy help with depression? | Some people with depression prefer non-drug approaches to help them manage their condition and feel better. The belief is that when your body is relaxed, your mind can add to better health, less depression, and overall wellness. There are also reports that mind/body exercises, used with various types of bodywork, can boost feelings of calmness. |
0b7819262ee99b090eac42ed8ac0b4bf | What herbal supplements are used as alternative treatments for depression? | Talk to your doctor about which complementary and alternative treatments might work for you. These can be anything from diet and exercise to mental conditioning and lifestyle changes, including: Acupuncture Aromatherapy Biofeedback Chiropractic treatments Guided imagery Dietary supplements Hypnosis Massage therapy Meditation Relaxation Yoga St. John's wort is a common herbal supplement suggested for depression. It's been used for medical purposes in other parts of the world for thousands of years. They could interact with your medicines, and they can be dangerous for people with certain conditions. |
60efdec8a05807e1e2e149c17f66aabf | Can I try alternative treatments for depression? | Natural treatments and home remedies may be good for milder forms of depression. But there's no hard evidence that they're effective for moderate to severe depression. Talk to your doctor about which complementary and alternative treatments might work for you. Music therapy can be a useful and effective non-drug approach for people of all ages that may help to ease uncomfortable feelings such as fear, anxiety, stress, and grief. |
16533f575a79bc27f20a8d146f76e870 | How can garlic help with cholesterol or triglycerides? | Soy can lower total and LDL cholesterol levels a little. But overall, the evidence doesn't seem to support garlic as an effective way to lower cholesterol. |
fa9602d6e1c35354511fa2a50505bba5 | What AFib medications may be safer for pregnant women? | Which AFib medications are right for you during pregnancy depends on your particular case and how severe your AFib is. So your doctor may recommend that you switch to a different drug. For instance, you could get aspirin (during the second and third trimesters) or heparin to thin your blood and reduce the risk of blood clots. Doctors often prefer the beta-blockers metoprolol and atenolol over other beta-blockers, which are drugs that lower blood pressure and slow your heart rate, to help control the atrial fibrillation. |
042d68755c5d4c791ead62a7fc1759d9 | What doctors do you need to see regularly if you have Afib while you're pregnant? | But you'll need to work with your doctor to do that. So your doctor may recommend that you switch to a different drug. |
f90099160998a2a332d5a9b572d81582 | How do pregnancy and AFib affect your heart? | Many healthy women notice heart palpitations, flutters in their chest, or skipped heartbeats while pregnant. If you already had AFib, all these changes can make you more likely to have heart rhythm problems come back or get worse. And for some women, who never had AFib before, pregnancy can be when it first starts. Doctors often diagnose new cases of AFib during the third trimester of pregnancy. Because of these risks, you'll probably have extra appointments with your doctor to make sure your pregnancy goes well and to check on how your heart is doing. |
5b707618dee07b4c4cab4bd7bf90e131 | Are digoxin and quinidine safe to take for AFib while you're pregnant? | Which AFib medications are right for you during pregnancy depends on your particular case and how severe your AFib is. After you deliver your baby, you will be able to take blood-thinning medicines again. |
fe1b4f26c48d0700bdc2d5f3439ecf50 | What is AFib and can it affect a pregnancy? | But you'll need to work with your doctor to do that. Digoxin, a common heart disease medication, is considered safe during pregnancy and is one of the preferred medications for pregnant women with AFib. If you have AFib and are pregnant, you should watch for signs of blood clots, including: Swelling, redness, and pain in an arm or leg A fast heartbeat Lightheadedness Trouble or pain with breathing Chest pain or tightness Pain that extends to your shoulder, arm, back, or jaw Sudden weakness or numbness of your face, arm, or leg Sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden changes in your vision You should also call your doctor if you have signs of a new or worsening arrhythmia. |
4425f5790cdf6a242ee0d448a1b186e1 | What happens if you have neurodermatitis? | Severely affected skin may develop painful, deep cracks, also called fissures. This type of eczema often affects these areas: Back Sides or back of the neck Genitals Scalp Wrists Ankles Inside and behind the ear People may scratch affected areas during the day without realizing it. They may also scratch while asleep. Usually, neurodermatitis causes a skin outbreak that doesn't get any bigger. |
03b81a0c7d4a7c6013b1812d4e835b4e | How is atopic dermatitis treated? | Antibiotics to treat infections Ultraviolet light, alone or with a drug called psoralen There are two types of contact dermatitis: Irritant contact dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis These types of eczema can develop after a substance damages the skin. Treatments include: Steroid creams or ointments Creams or lotions that lubricate the skin Moist compresses Antibiotics to treat infections Elevating the legs Compression stockings |
ab57b63fa801a157f66fb3774055c622 | What can cause nummular dermatitis? | The cause is unknown. However, factors that may raise the chance that an outbreak will strike include: Cold, dry air Exposure to chemicals such as formaldehyde Exposure to metals, including nickel Treatments for nummular dermatitis include: Protecting your skin from scratches and other injuries Taking a lukewarm bath or shower, then applying a moisturizer to your skin Applying a steroid ointment to the rash Taking a steroid medication by mouth or injection that goes to work throughout your body Taking antibiotics if an infection develops People with this type of eczema develop skin irritation in spots that they frequently scratch out of habit. |
52ce82a7cec4530bcdd7356e094b443c | How is chemotherapy used to treat bone metastasis? | Your doctor will use a type of chemo that is effective against your primary tumor. So, if you have metastatic lung cancer, for example, your doctor will use drugs that are effective against lung cancer. Doctors tend to use this systemic treatment when the metastasis is stimulating new bone growth. |
19962c7d8c4fedaec71774b0b3768a94 | What are possible side effects of immunotherapy for bone metastasis? | They may include: Fever and chills Weakness Headache Nausea or diarrhea Rashes Radiation is a "local treatment" because it does not affect your entire body. Possible side effects. |
04357a468374675ad4f0bcbd680ca97c | How does chemotherapy for bone metastasis work? | In most cases, you take chemo by mouth or through a vein (by IV). This can often shrink the tumors, which will ease your pain and help you feel better. These drugs contain radioactive elements that target cancer cells. |
c458524598570cbf3d31444b3407598b | How does immunotherapy work to treat bone metastasis? | Chemo can kill normal cells in addition to cancer cells. Examples of immunotherapy for cancer include: Cytokines -- substances secreted by the immune system that have an effect on other cells Monoclonal antibodies -- a class of antibodies made in the lab from a single population of cells Tumor vaccines -- vaccines using a substance that prompts the immune system to respond to a tumor Possible side effects. |
7b55cfcea6a5c2c839433327eba81571 | How is bone metastasis treated? | Treatment can't cure bone metastasis, but it can relieve pain, help prevent complications, and improve your quality of life. Doctors use two types of treatments for metastatic cancer in the bones. Systemic treatments can reach cancer cells throughout the body. Local treatments directly target the cancer in the bone. If your cancer has spread to many bones, these drugs may be a better option than standard radiation, which uses a beam to aim radiation at each bone metastasis. |
da85adeb01213c55a5aed0128c1e34ef | What should you know about cavities? | Cavities are what you get from tooth decay -- damage to the tooth. Tooth decay can affect both the outer coating of a tooth (called enamel) and the inner layer (called dentin). When foods with carbohydrates like bread, cereal, milk, soda, fruit, cake, or candy stay on your teeth. The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel, creating holes called cavities. This exposes the roots of your teeth to plaque. |
22f2d872aaa912a396e6c8bb15145e92 | How are cavities treated? | Sometimes you can see pits or holes in your teeth. He fills in the hole with a filling made of either silver alloy, gold, porcelain, or a composite resin. These materials are safe. Crowns are used when a tooth is so badly decayed that not much of it remains. Your dentist removes and repairs the damaged part. The dentist removes the nerve, blood vessels, and tissue along with the decayed portions of the tooth. You may need a crown over the filled tooth. |
82ee128cbc60136bc833662b1acc69a3 | How can I manage anger in the moment? | When you start feeling angry, try deep breathing, positive self-talk, or stopping your angry thoughts. Although expressing anger is better than keeping it in, there's a right way to do it. Talk through your feelings and try to work on changing your behaviors. Try to gain a different perspective by putting yourself in another's place. Learn to assert yourself, expressing your feelings calmly and directly without becoming defensive, hostile, or emotionally charged. Read self-help books or seek help from a professional therapist to learn how to use assertiveness and anger management skills. |
5eae2b9e764b44c526f7324ad434f15e | What should I know about diaper rash? | Learn how to treat diaper rash and prevent flare-ups. Your baby's little bottom will thank you! To avoid a mess, do it right after a bowel movement. These products aim to soothe a baby's sore skin or create a protective barrier -- or both. |
3560a776bd3250c841296d41c30fa003 | What products can help with a diaper rash? | Try a squirt bottle to wash the area well, without rubbing sore skin. Smooth on cream or ointment to your baby's clean, dry bottom before putting on a clean diaper. Look for zinc oxide or petrolatum (petroleum jelly) on the ingredients list. If you use baby powder, keep it away from your baby's face. The talc or cornstarch in the powder can cause breathing problems. Place it in your hand, then apply it to the diaper area. |
0009bd15ef29de186d0c0f37002d814b | How can diverticulosis be prevented? | Diverticula can form while straining during a bowel movement, such as with constipation. People who have diverticulosis without symptoms or complications do not need specific treatment, yet it is important to adopt a high-fiber diet to prevent the further formation of diverticula. Most of them are the result of the development of a tear or perforation of the intestinal wall. |
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