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e7bbf66ac6f75dd99948cde95690f60f | What are the most common areas for pain from sickle cell disease? | You may have pain anywhere in your body and in more than one place. The most common areas are: Arms Belly Chest Legs Lower back A pain crisis can last anywhere from hours to weeks. |
a358dd0879baf7987251919d70a9e9aa | What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease? | But when you have sickle cell disease, the abnormal hemoglobin creates stiff, sickle-shaped red blood cells. Usually, they first appear when a child is about five to six months old. Early signs in babies are: Extreme fussiness Painful swelling of the hands and feet due to blockage of blood flow. Your doctor may call this "dactylitis." Yellow skin and whites of the eyes (also called jaundice or icterus) With sickle cell disease, you don't have enough healthy red blood cells. This is a condition called anemia. If they block the blood vessels in your eyes, you can develop vision problems. |
6617aaf16c3872f7d53a882e95b8c2f1 | What causes pain from sickle cell disease? | These events trigger the symptoms of sickle cell disease. The deformed blood cells can get stuck in and block your blood vessels. When this happens, oxygen-rich blood cannot reach key organs and tissues. The result is a sudden pain attack, called a pain crisis. The pain may feel sharp, stabbing, intense, or throbbing. Some people with sickle cell disease say it's worse than childbirth or the pain after surgery. |
526f53d78211d4e773f5b84a9c97811d | Do symptoms of sickle cell disease vary? | These events trigger the symptoms of sickle cell disease. This is a condition called anemia. Some people have them often. And your experience may change. You'll want to work with your (or your child's) doctor to best understand the disease, what to watch out for, and how best to take care of the condition. |
c4025d2e791473dc06a9bea5bf68d716 | What happens when you have sickle cell disease? | For example: The cells build up and block blood flow to organs and tissues. The cells die sooner. Sickle cells live about 10 to 20 days. Healthy red blood cells live from 90 to 120 days. Red blood cells may burst open (hemolyze). Even though your body constantly makes new red blood cells to replace the old ones, sickle cell disease may prevent your body from keeping up with the demand. These events trigger the symptoms of sickle cell disease. If they block the blood vessels in your eyes, you can develop vision problems. |
f3404f96df4e9df0bac4e5de5318fa5a | How is polymyalgia rheumatica diagnosed? | Under the new criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology and The European League Against Rheumatism, patients ages 50 years and older can be classified as having PMR if they meet the conditions below: Shoulder pain on both sides Morning stiffness that lasts at least 45 minutes High levels of inflammation measured by blood tests Reported new hip pain Absence of swelling in the small joints of the hands and feet, and absence of positive blood tests for rheumatoid arthritis The new classification criteria may also help to evaluate existing treatments for polymyalgia rheumatica. |
251aa57da13c22b3cbabe8d20a0ff512 | What is the long-term prognosis for people with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis? | With careful monitoring and appropriate treatment, most patients with polymyalgia rheumatica or temporal arteritis have a normal life span and lifestyle. Most of the time, these diseases can be successfully controlled with steroids and other drugs (including tocilizumab, a rheumatoid arthritis drug which has been touted for people who have trouble with or are nonresponsive to steroids), The success of treatment is related to prompt diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and careful follow-up to prevent or minimize side effects from the medications. |
fdf706559a29b9d227a8238aeeb18dbc | What are the symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica tend to develop quickly and in addition to muscle pain, other symptoms may include: Stiffness around the shoulders and hips, especially in the morning and after resting Weakness Fatigue Generally feeling ill Mild fevers (occasionally) Weight loss About 15% of people with polymyalgia rheumatica also have temporal arteritis and about half of people with temporal arteritis also have polymyalgia rheumatica. |
7d4ef8ae28882c4d98d59da296002957 | What are the risks of long-term steroid treatment and how are they prevented? | Long-term steroid treatment (for a few months to several years) requires additional testing and monitoring. The long-term use of steroids can cause osteoporosis (bone loss), which can be detected with scans similar to X-rays. Taking supplements of calcium and vitamin D, sometimes along with prescription medication is recommended to prevent osteoporosis in people taking steroids. Discuss the potential side effects caused by your treatment with your doctor. |
fd3448e4554aba7e49f75019e62e28ed | How do steroids treat polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis? | The exact cause of these illnesses is unknown. Steroids also impair the immune system -- thus increasing the risk of infection. |
f84d487049ea69ad8f540cbfd00f84c4 | How is a biopsy done to diagnose throat cancer? | Common ones include: A biopsy collects a tissue sample that gets examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells. It's the only way to know for sure if a tumor is cancer and what kind it is. The procedure may be done with surgery, fine needles, or an endoscope -- a flexible tube with a camera that's lowered into the throat through your nose or mouth. A tool on the end will take the biopsy. |
56cdb27b9c04d88d7e40ec7ca8759510 | What is oropharynx throat cancer? | This part is behind your mouth. Cancer is most likely to grow in the tonsils, the back of the tongue, or the soft palate. |
959dda4580c247c60ab5ccc2ac12e3b9 | Are there different stages of throat cancer? | Each type of this cancer has its own rules for staging, which describes how severe the disease is. |
a197d5b3064db8572a74ca867b719224 | How does radiation therapy treat throat cancer? | Your treatment will depend on: The stage of your cancer Where it is Your general health Your preferences You may have one or more treatments: Radiation uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It's given outside your body by a machine, or inside by radioactive seeds planted near the cancer. Sometimes radiation is the only treatment needed for early-stage cancers. |
8c376c072a5841f48615796bebd0526c | What are the symptoms of throat cancers? | You may have: Voice changes like cracking or hoarseness Trouble swallowing or breathing Sore throat, cough, or earache that won't go away Headache Neck lump Unexplained weight loss See your doctor right away if any symptoms last for more than a few weeks. |
2d35a2c415cf4f36556c2c2564ed5d6c | What happens if cancer in the oropharynx is found? | These include: MRI or CT scan PET scan X-rays If cancer of the oropharynx is found, the sample may be tested for HPV. Usually, someone's health outlook is better if their disease tests positive for this virus rather than being smoking-related cancer. |
b57b0496a88fc6dfe89b485e9efdf44e | What can you do to help your recovery from throat cancer? | Your treatment might take a lot out of you. So get enough rest, exercise when you can, and fill your plate with healthy food, like fruits and veggies. Quit tobacco and limit alcohol. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer. Keep your appointments. Your doctor will follow you closely for the first few years. |
3daf38992b6a3c4a9e50c89e0eee3be4 | What are the symptoms of throat cancer? | You may have: Voice changes like cracking or hoarseness Trouble swallowing or breathing Sore throat, cough, or earache that won't go away Headache Neck lump Unexplained weight loss See your doctor right away if any symptoms last for more than a few weeks. |
2dbb9885ae7d1ea484c7e91059291574 | How does surgery help treat throat cancer? | Surgery may be done through incisions with a scalpel. It may also be less invasive -- going in through the mouth with a tube called an endoscope, or with lasers or robotic techniques. |
6a9d7a3e55c33a8aa2ec6edbd9437ae2 | How can you protect your kids from throat cancer? | You can help protect your kids from it in the future by having your children get the HPV vaccines. Kids should start the series of shots between 11 and 12 years old. |
d21483ce968313589a9e47bc723a569f | What are other risk factors for throat cancer? | Other risk factors include: Gender. Men are five times more likely to get it than women. Age. Most people get diagnosed after 65. Race. African- American men are at the biggest risk. Chemical exposure. This includes being around asbestos, nickel, and sulfuric acid fumes. |
32291c1fdbf3d694600b6aae23b01c69 | How are targeted therapy drugs used to treat throat cancer? | Targeted therapy drugs can starve cancer cells by blocking substances they need to grow. Your doctor can prescribe you medication to help you manage pain. |
320920d7f56e5ef150c3bb0d33cc1a4f | What characterizes stage III throat cancer? | Stage III diseases may have gone to lymph nodes or other parts of the throat. |
b9f9c3493baed0d2f5e9a87d8e14fb17 | What characterizes stage IV throat cancer? | And stage IV cancers may have spread to lymph nodes and different parts of the head, neck, or chest. The most serious stage IV cancers have traveled to distant parts of the body like the lungs or liver. |
a29b28463a6a8a97ccbe3fc86eaedf8f | How is throat cancer treated? | Learn as much as you can so you'll know what to expect. Your treatment will depend on: The stage of your cancer Where it is Your general health Your preferences You may have one or more treatments: Radiation uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. |
40b036564e2d09bd0f492a30529b5236 | What imaging tests are used to diagnose throat cancer? | It's also called the "pharynx." These include: MRI or CT scan PET scan X-rays If cancer of the oropharynx is found, the sample may be tested for HPV. Usually, someone's health outlook is better if their disease tests positive for this virus rather than being smoking-related cancer. Doctors may use tissue from another spot in your body to rebuild parts of your throat to help you swallow. |
a78dd3e64663ad9f7d7dad77bbbbd0a0 | Where do throat cancers grow? | In the U. This may affect your ability to swallow, breathe, or speak normally. |
2533bcac21700fdd185dc0a0c1974118 | What puts you at risk for throat cancer? | Using tobacco for a long time. Smoking it and chewing it are the biggest risk factors for all head and neck cancers, including throat cancer. Drinking heavily and regularly. That means more than two drinks of alcohol a day if you're a man or more than one a day if you're a woman. You drive up your risk even more if you drink and you smoke. Human papillomavirus is linked to cancers in the back of the throat, including tongue and tonsil cancers. In the U. They can also show how big it is and if it has spread. |
efc0b0ac1e34f8f120b92fe8ab76914d | How is a throat cancer diagnosed? | He might use devices to get a closer look at your throat. If the doctor thinks you may have cancer, he'll order tests and procedures depending on what kind he suspects. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer. |
94a2099f6f9678df6b2e0fb403282950 | How does throat cancer spread? | These diseases tend to grow quickly. That's why getting treated early on gives you the best chance to beat them and keep a good quality of life. Learn as much as you can so you'll know what to expect. In the U. It may also be less invasive -- going in through the mouth with a tube called an endoscope, or with lasers or robotic techniques. This may affect your ability to swallow, breathe, or speak normally. |
2b10450a60a4715a9829ba6ab418a249 | How is chemotherapy used to treat throat cancer? | But it can be used with chemotherapy or surgery to treat later-stage disease. Some chemo drugs can make radiation work better. |
69177e5980a0fb0c95606d63d31d17ee | How can I help my recovery from throat cancer? | Using tobacco for a long time. Specialists can: Show you how to care for your stoma Teach you to speak if you have no voice box Come up with ways to make swallowing or eating easier Take care of yourself. Your treatment might take a lot out of you. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer. Your doctor will follow you closely for the first few years. He'll look for signs that the cancer has come back. |
1e17fca8e47809552f3b515bc6b5db3a | How can isometrics help you deal with arthritis? | Some people with arthritis avoid exercise because of joint pain. However, a group of exercises called "isometrics" will help strengthen muscles without bending painful joints. Isometrics involve no joint movement but rather strengthen muscle groups by using an alternating series of isolated muscle flexes and periods of relaxation. |
a509d30cecfb957175bb5fab75c1a8dc | How can exercising help with treating arthritis? | Exercise, as part of a comprehensive arthritis treatment plan, can improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and overall physical conditioning, and help you maintain a healthy weight. Once you know what type of arthritis you have and understand your symptoms, you and your doctor or physical therapist can develop a balanced program of physical activity to reduce the damaging effects of arthritis and promote optimal health. |
96e1b955f3345a2f657b333b6a56d590 | What are benefits of exercise as an arthritis treatment? | Although arthritis treatment usually includes medication, a tailored arthritis exercise program can help relieve pain and fatigue and preserve joint structure and function. Exercise also may: Help maintain normal joint movement Increase muscle flexibility and strength Help maintain weight to reduce pressure on joints Help keep bone and cartilage tissue strong and healthy Improve endurance and cardiovascular fitness To help relieve pain, people with arthritis often keep their affected joints bent -- especially those in the knees, hands, and fingers -- because it's more comfortable in that position. |
f37b453b5d4b13b46396fcf5eaf0ec6f | Can you reverse a vasectomy? | The procedure itself is simple, but reversing it is difficult, expensive, and can be unsuccessful. But, it is possible to store semen in a sperm bank to preserve the possibility of producing a pregnancy at some future date. However, doing this is costly, and the sperm in stored semen do not always remain viable (able to cause pregnancy). |
39ef24b415695314228ad14f0b8eb3e1 | Who should get a vasectomy? | For all of these reasons, doctors advise that a vasectomy be undertaken only by men who are prepared to accept the fact that they will no longer be able to father a child. |
d1e14b4528b1453b1da0673e713cd8ed | How long does it take to recover from a vasectomy? | After a vasectomy, you will probably feel sore for a few days. You should rest for at least one day. However, you can expect to recover completely in less than a week. Many men have the procedure on a Friday and return to work on Monday. |
54a9228b5b48660ec7f342fc8a7a4a9a | How long does traveler's diarrhea usually last? | The typical symptoms of traveler's diarrhea include: Abrupt onset of diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting Bloating Urgent need to have a bowel movement Malaise (weakness or discomfort) Explosive and painful gas Cramps Loss of appetite Traveler's diarrhea usually lasts from 3 to 7 days and is rarely life threatening. |
e89ee39d1c96d831428425b4b894323f | What is required when treating traveler's diarrhea? | The most important treatment requires the replacement of fluids and salts lost from diarrhea. This is best achieved by use of an oral rehydration solution such as the World Health Organization oral rehydration salts ( ORS) solution. ORS packets are available at stores or pharmacies in almost all developing countries. ORS is prepared by adding one packet to boiled or treated water. Packet instructions should be followed carefully to ensure that the salts are added to the correct volume of water. ORS solution should be consumed or discarded within 12 hours if stored at room temperature or within 24 hours if refrigerated. |
80d7f8202e624db6998a865531e19789 | When should you call the doctor about traveler's diarrhea? | Immediate medical attention is required if an infant with diarrhea develops signs of moderate to severe dehydration (including dry mouth, eyes, and skin), confusion; sunken eyes; and fever, bloody diarrhea, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 F. Seek medical help for traveler's diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days Diarrhea is accompanied by fever and chills You are unable to keep fluids down to prevent dehydration In areas with poor sanitation, only the following beverages may be safe to drink: boiled water, hot beverages (such as coffee or tea) made with boiled water, canned or bottled carbonated beverages, beer, and wine. |
a83b4332802e691b6c1a8d68531d2d37 | How can I avoid traveler's diarrhea from tap water? | Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water. Boiling is the most reliable method to make water safe to drink. |
ed18a13a5a1e0282b18fce461e92ec7b | What are side effects of Pepto-Bismol for treating traveler's diarrhea? | Side effects of Pepto- Bismol can include temporary blackening of tongue and stools, occasional nausea, constipation, and rarely, ringing in the ears. Do not take Pepto- Bismol if you have an aspirin allergy, renal insufficiency, gout, or if you are taking anticoagulants, probenecid ( Benemid, Probalan), or methotrexate ( Rheumatrex). |
550056f0d57ab31e84bc9cd298633369 | How do you treat traveler's diarrhea? | As with all diseases, it is best to consult a doctor rather than attempting to self-medicate for traveler's diarrhea. This is especially relevant for pregnant women and children. |
c38961b85ff811e15f3acbe9595b94b4 | How are antibiotics used to treat traveler's diarrhea? | Antibiotics such as cirpofloxacin ( Cipro), norfloxacin ( Noroxin), rifamycin ( Amecolo), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim ( Bactrim, Septra), and or may shorten the length of illness. The CDC does not recommend the use of most antibiotics to prevent traveler's diarrhea, with the exception of azithromycin ( Zithromax), because they can sometimes cause additional problems. Azithromycin is specificately used to treat traveler's diarrhea. Consult your doctor about taking these medications. |
7bdd633b12383ae01cb8092bf8c35002 | How can you protect yourself from traveler's diarrhea? | Immediate medical attention is required if an infant with diarrhea develops signs of moderate to severe dehydration (including dry mouth, eyes, and skin), confusion; sunken eyes; and fever, bloody diarrhea, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 F. Seek medical help for traveler's diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days Diarrhea is accompanied by fever and chills You are unable to keep fluids down to prevent dehydration In areas with poor sanitation, only the following beverages may be safe to drink: boiled water, hot beverages (such as coffee or tea) made with boiled water, canned or bottled carbonated beverages, beer, and wine. Avoid ice, as it may have been made from contaminated water. It is safer to drink from an unopened can or bottle than from a container that is not known to be clean and dry. Water on the surface of a beverage can or bottle may also be contaminated. Therefore, the area of a can or bottle that will touch the mouth should be wiped clean and dried. Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water. |
0587a2ee6065bddc08d09c6f2b76400a | How can I use iodine to avoid traveler's diarrhea? | For disinfection with iodine, use either tincture of iodine or tetraglycine hydroperiodide tablets, such as Globaline or Potable- Aqua. These disinfectants can be found in sporting goods stores and pharmacies. Read and follow the manufacturer's instructions. If the water is cloudy, strain it through a clean cloth and double the number of disinfectant tablets added. If the water is very cold, either warm it or allow increased time for the disinfectant to work. Adding a pinch of salt or pouring water from one container to another will improve the taste. |
92228f975eb48b1c85353cb947346855 | How is traveler's diarrhea treated in children and infants? | It is important for an infected person to consult a doctor about treating diarrhea in children and infants, because some of the drugs mentioned above are not recommended for children. The greatest risk for children, especially infants, is dehydration. Again, the best treatment for dehydration is the ORS solution. |
c692ff904da63ad5c1476ccee112dd9e | Where are you most likely to get traveler's diarrhea? | The risk of infection varies depending on the type of exposure -- from a fairly low risk from eating hot, cooked foods and drinking factory-sealed beverages to a higher risk from eating raw vegetables and fruits and drinking tap water. The most common culprit is a bacteria called E.coli. The typical symptoms of traveler's diarrhea include: Abrupt onset of diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting Bloating Urgent need to have a bowel movement Malaise (weakness or discomfort) Explosive and painful gas Cramps Loss of appetite Traveler's diarrhea usually lasts from 3 to 7 days and is rarely life threatening. |
5302372d461bd6f52794698497390948 | What precautions should I take with food to avoid traveler's diarrhea? | Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water. Unpasteurized milk and dairy products Raw meat and shellfish Food that has been cooked and is still hot is usually safe. Some fish is not guaranteed to be safe, even when cooked, because of the presence of toxins in its flesh. Tropical reef fish, red snapper, amberjack, grouper, and sea bass can occasionally be toxic at unpredictable times if they are caught on tropical reefs rather than in the open ocean. The barracuda and puffer fish are often toxic and should generally not be eaten. Seafood from the islands of the West Indies and the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans should be avoided, as it is more likely to contain toxins. |
486f6618eb9f8e06ffa018159a7ef5b2 | What are common triggers of migraines? | Common triggers include: Lighting: Bright, flickering, or fluorescent lights can bring migraines to some people. So can glaring computer screens. Smells: You may get a migraine when faced with strong odors like perfumes, secondhand smoke, or cleaners. Different smells can affect people with migraine. Even a whiff of someone's lunch in the microwave can be a trigger. Noise: For some, loud sounds or too much noise can bring a migraine. Travel: Heading out of town for work can bring the pain. It can happen because you change how you sleep and eat when you're on the road. Stress: Many people have lots of pressure on the job. Migraines are most likely to happen when you're stressed. |
4bda41b666139a6da15c32265427d0c3 | What can help migraines in the workplace? | A headache diary can help you look for patterns. Keep track of what was happening when your migraines started and what you think set them off. You can work with your boss or human resources department to come up with ways to make it easier to do your job. |
54a80f133126b617cf0277ef6464f5c3 | What are some conditions that can lead to erectile dysfunction? | Other options your doctor can help you explore include: Injections Suppositories Surgical penile implants Special devices, like vacuum pumps, which boost blood flow to the penis It can be linked to more serious health conditions like: High blood pressure Hardening of the arteries Diabetes It can also be linked to other medical treatments, such as: Prostate surgery Radiation therapy If your doctor can find the cause, treating that may also help you in the bedroom. |
5b69687051f2770f7a8652455c0c4a62 | If I see a urologist for erectile dysfunction, what will they ask? | The urologist will ask what happens when you have sex. This will help him know where to start. He'll use your answers to track your progress. He'll ask more questions about your health and give you a physical exam. You may have to have more blood work or an ultrasound. |
6b6764b223dc3697ff256d3118a42f6c | What if I'm concerned about talking to my doctor about my erectile dysfunction? | The best approach is just to say, " I think I may have ED." It's unlikely your doctor will feel uncomfortable. If he has trouble talking about sexual issues with you, ask him to refer you to a urologist. The doctor will start by asking about your medical history. He'll do this to learn more about your symptoms, conditions, and what medicines you're taking. The questions may seem personal. But it's important to answer them fully and honestly. The doctor needs this information to know how to treat you. |
8b885ecc710b30f3e7aab30831802a33 | What questions might my doctor ask about my erectile dysfunction? | The questions may include: Do you ever get an erection? If you do, is it firm enough to have sex? If you do start to have sex, do you then lose the erection? Does it ever come back? Can you get an erection by masturbation? Do you ever wake up with an erection? The doctor will ask if you smoke, how much alcohol you drink, and whether or not you use recreational drugs. |
7fa06e24d84164359791491bbc64b0cb | What are medical causes of heartburn and acid reflux? | These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil |
15ecdcebb842f9f345319faab34038be | How many Americans experience heartburn/reflux symptoms at least once each month? | Most people have felt heartburn at one time or another. In fact, the American Gastroenterological Association reports that more than 60 million Americans experience heartburn/reflux symptoms at least once each month. Though uncomfortable, heartburn does not usually present a serious health problem for most people. |
67a9848898bc1bf37f2da63238f20729 | What lifestyle habits can cause heartburn? | These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil |
a92e0d536f8d6377244219152f938392 | What dietary habits can cause heartburn? | These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil |
ceeacc5d2ef75392cc6416bcaf9a5238 | How can I prepare for an electroencephalogram (EEG)? | Let your doctor know about any medications -- both prescription and over-the-counter -- and supplements you're taking. Wash your hair the night before the test. Don't use any leave-in conditioning or styling products afterward. |
313fcf407243083b691b0318a49845e7 | What happens after an electroencephalogram (EEG)? | The technician will take the electrodes off and wash off the glue that held them in place. You can use a little fingernail polish remover at home to get rid of any leftover stickiness. Unless you're actively having seizures or your doctor says you shouldn't, you can drive home. But if the EEG was done overnight, it's better to have someone else drive you. You can usually start taking medications you'd stopped specifically for the test. A neurologist, a doctor who specializes in the brain, will look at the recording of your brain wave pattern. |
89c5749c0a42a754455104ec9ac102c6 | What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)? | The machine is only recording the activity of the brain and does not stimulate it. It's rare to have a seizure during the test. |
67e383fe094134a4afd9f500b96104f2 | What happens during an electroencephalogram (EEG)? | You lie down on the exam table or bed, and a technician puts about 20 small sensors on your scalp. These sensors, called electrodes, pick up electrical activity from cells inside your brain called neurons and send them to a machine, where they show up as a series of lines recorded on moving paper or displayed on a computer screen. You'll relax with your eyes open first, then with them closed. The technician may ask you to breathe deeply and rapidly or to stare at a flashing light, because both of these can change your brain wave patterns. |
2b10f87f3f147b393d0c889b4b4665bf | How can inflammatory bowel diseases trigger problems elsewhere in the body? | You know the main symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. But did you know that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis -- both of which are IBDs -- can trigger problems elsewhere in your body? They can show up before you even know you have an IBD, or not until years after your diagnosis. Many of these issues go away when you get your irritable bowel disease under control. That's because treating the inflammation that goes along with an IBD can help manage it in other parts of your body, too. |
4f1bb627365ef76b526bc0ffb964e75f | How else can inflammatory bowel disease affect someone? | Other potential problems include: Anemia Gallstones and kidney stones Inflamed liver Inflamed or scarred bile ducts, especially if you have ulcerative colitis Delayed growth or puberty in children and teens Your doctor will help you spot these problems. He may refer you to a specialist, like a rheumatologist for your joints, a dermatologist for your skin, or an ophthalmologist for your eyes, depending on how bad your symptoms are. |
25be6304a6f9a5b5de27b5f22a265958 | How are bones affected by inflammatory bowel disease? | There are a couple of reasons people with IBD get osteoporosis. Medications, like steroids, not enough physical activity, and trouble absorbing vitamin D and minerals such as calcium and magnesium all play a role. You're also more likely to break a bone than the people without an irritable bowel disease. This risk goes up as you age. Usually, women are at greater risk for osteoporosis. But IBD-related osteoporosis affects men and women in equal numbers. Calcium and vitamin supplements can help keep your bones healthy, along with exercise, avoiding alcohol, and not smoking. |
a9a83614cc230f52c63e765608275d1b | How are joints affected by inflammatory bowel disease? | Joint pain is the most common non-gut ailment for people with IBD. It can affect your large joints like your ankles, hips, or knees, or small ones like your fingers. Although you might notice symptoms as long as a decade before you're diagnosed, this type of arthritis usually doesn't damage your joints. It should go away once you get your disease under control. Talk to your doctor before you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) for joint pain. They can make your IBD worse. |
b561638262a14bc8a3672c4e387738d5 | Which areas of the body can extra-intestinal symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease affect? | These âextra-intestinalâ symptoms, as doctors like to call them, can affect many areas of your body, including your joints, mouth, eyes, skin, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and pancreas. Even osteoporosis has been linked to IBDs. You can have one of these extra symptoms or several. They're more common if your parents or siblings have an irritable bowel disease and have extra-intestinal problems related to IBD. |
e2a6b94b68262b2f7b347d1299505b03 | How is skin affected by inflammatory bowel disease? | It should go away once you get your disease under control. You might hear your doctor call them erythema nodosum. They'll probably show up at the same time as your IBD flares. They, too, will go away -- without leaving scars -- when you get a handle on the disease. Less common but more serious are ulcers that can range from a small spot to the length of your leg. The more serious your IBD symptoms are, the more likely you are to get them. Doctors treat them with high-powered meds that target your immune system. If you have Crohn's disease, you might also get lesions inside your mouth. Antiseptic mouthwash and topical steroids can help. |
c400dba0bb03c62d6e856e2023b0b880 | How can I find the cause of memory loss? | If you find that you are increasingly forgetful or if memory problems interfere with your daily life, schedule an appointment with your doctor to determine the cause and best treatment. To evaluate memory loss, your doctor will take a medical history, perform a physical exam -- including a neurologic exam -- and ask questions to test mental ability. Depending on the results, further evaluation may include blood and urine tests, nerve tests, and imaging tests of the brain such as computerized axial tomography ( CAT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). |
9baa6eded99fb570560606d6e96edeae | How can sleep deprivation lead to memory loss? | Both quantity and quality of sleep are important to memory. Getting too little sleep or waking frequently in the night can lead to fatigue, which interferes with the ability to consolidate and retrieve information. |
3907af232c98102bd1b3a165aa453446 | How is memory loss treated? | A severe hit to the head -- from a fall or automobile accident, for example -- can injure the brain and cause both short- and long-term memory loss. For example, memory loss from medications may resolve with a change in medication. Nutritional supplements can be useful against memory loss caused by a nutritional deficiency. And treating depression may be helpful for memory when depression is a factor. In some cases -- such as following a stroke -- therapy may help people remember how to do certain tasks such as walking or tying shoes. In others, memory may improve over time. Treatments may also be specific to conditions related to memory loss. For example, drugs are available to treat memory problems related to Alzheimer's disease, and drugs to help lower blood pressure can help reduce risk of more brain damage from dementia related to high blood pressure. |
1c3f8f0b62b226e635b4ab555c8a3a13 | How can alcohol, tobacco, or drug use lead to memory loss? | Alcohol, tobacco, or drug use. Studies have shown that people who smoke find it more difficult to put faces with names than do nonsmokers. Illicit drugs can change chemicals in the brain that can make it hard to recall memories. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is stopped due to the blockage of a blood vessel to the brain or leakage of a vessel into the brain. |
4198ab3b5671a2105d0a33100ae8a53b | How can nutritional deficiency lead to memory loss? | Both quantity and quality of sleep are important to memory. Deficiencies in vitamin B1 and B12 specifically can affect memory. |
84a2b81157f1ae47e8aabd96c3c0a23b | How can strokes lead to memory loss? | Strokes often cause short-term memory loss. A person who has had a stroke may have vivid memories of childhood events but be unable to recall what he or she had for lunch. Although there are many causes of dementia -- including blood vessel disease, drug or alcohol abuse, or other causes of damage to the brain -- the most common and familiar is Alzheimer's disease. |
05e074909ba4dc3d6a83bd697f27bf5d | How can depression and stress lead to? | Illicit drugs can change chemicals in the brain that can make it hard to recall memories. Stress and anxiety can also get in the way of concentration. When you are tense and your mind is overstimulated or distracted, your ability to remember can suffer. Stress caused by an emotional trauma can also lead to memory loss. |
9c95caff78039934b5adc1b55a8dbd48 | What are side effects of nitrates? | While you're using nitrates, get your blood pressure checked regularly. Nitrates may make you feel dizzy. You may also get a rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat when you take the drugs regularly. It usually gets better after the first few weeks. If it keeps up, talk to your doctor. Some other side effects are: Headache Flushing of your face or neck. Call your doctor if it persists or is severe. Low blood pressure. |
3a3b5f2f79ff0531aa545295a0cde738 | How should you take nitrates? | Some nitrates include: Dilatrate- SR, Iso- Bid, Isonate, Isorbid, Isordil, Isotrate, Sorbitrate (isosorbide dinitrate) Imdur (isosorbide mononitrate) Bi Dil (hydralazine with isosorbide dinitrate) Follow the label directions on when and how to take them. It's OK to take these drugs with or without meals. Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand how to take these medications during the day. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take them depend on your condition. |
072d79493fd7fd8bc5c505eae94380df | What are the risks of gastric sleeve weight loss surgery? | Certain foods may not agree with you now. You may also develop nutrition problems after surgery, which is why you have to take vitamins and supplements for life. Your doctor will advise you on exactly what you need. |
62d7d88d928d1007880de46376f158a0 | What changes will I need to make to my diet after gastric sleeve surgery? | After that first month, you'll switch to eating soft solid foods very slowly. Other pointers to keep in mind: Everything must be chewed thoroughly before being swallowed. Don't drink while you eat, as this might cause your new stomach to overfill. Drink liquids a half-hour after finishing a meal. Avoid high-calorie sodas and snacking. Take vitamin and mineral supplements every day. |
6ddf0ae897a3a206c44dc482c5e7eb18 | What happens during gastric sleeve weight loss surgery? | The surgery takes about an hour. Your surgeon will make a few small cuts in your belly and insert a laparoscope -- an instrument with a tiny camera that sends pictures to a monitor. The surgeon will then insert other medical instruments through the additional cuts and remove 3/4 of your stomach. Finally, he'll reattach the rest of your stomach to form the "sleeve" or tube. You might be in hospital about 2 or 3 days. The procedure is permanent. |
e4db88fb3492f512b159197378b7cec3 | How much weight do people lose after gastric sleeve weight loss surgery? | People generally lose 60% of their extra weight over 12 to 18 months. So if you are 100 pounds overweight, you'll lose about 60 pounds, though some lose more and others less. Of course, exercising and eating right add to your weight loss. |
6d4625c66fe8853bd94a0562a8609ee5 | When can I go back to regular means after gastric sleeve weight loss surgery? | You won't be able to eat as much as you used to, which helps you lose weight. Your doctor will advise you on exactly what you need. |
16249a3881f6084bb4721e3252998e5f | What can happen if gallstones are left untreated? | If left untreated, gallstones can also lead to more serious problems, like: Cholecystitis -- an inflamed gallbladder Pancreatitis -- an inflamed pancreas Cholangitis -- inflamed bile ducts Before your doctor opts for surgery, he'll run several tests to see the effect your gallstones are having on your health. |
e3ad21b08cc6452b25b89e3da13fdc25 | What is recovery like after gallbladder surgery? | The length of time it takes you to heal depends on the type of surgery you have. If you have your gallbladder removed during open surgery, you'll need to stay in the hospital for a few days afterward. It may take between 6 to 8 weeks for your body to heal fully. Laparoscopy is less involved, so you'll have less pain and heal faster than if you have open surgery. Most people who have it are able to go home from the hospital the same day. You'll likely be back to your normal routine within 2 weeks. |
e36c7dcc53ce8df0c84d903bf75d87b5 | What tests are done before surgery for gallstones? | If left untreated, gallstones can also lead to more serious problems, like: Cholecystitis -- an inflamed gallbladder Pancreatitis -- an inflamed pancreas Cholangitis -- inflamed bile ducts Before your doctor opts for surgery, he'll run several tests to see the effect your gallstones are having on your health. Tests might include: Blood test Ultrasound MRI HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scan -- a radioactive chemical is put into your body to create images of any blocked ducts Endoscopic ultrasonography -- an imaging device is put into your mouth and down through your digestive tract so sound waves can create a detailed picture of your small intestine You may be able to manage your symptoms for a short time by making changes to your diet. |
563e132b140f9f587c3e7dc8302796c6 | What are the risks of gallbladder surgery? | Doctors believe gallbladder surgery is safe, but some problems can still arise. These may include: Problems with anesthesia Infection Bleeding Swelling Bile leakage Damage to a bile duct Damage to your intestine, bowel, or blood vessels Deep vein thrombosis (blood clots) Heart problems Pneumonia You also run the risk of a problem doctors call âpost-cholecystectomy syndromeâ ( PCS). It can happen if any gallstones are left in your bile ducts or bile happens to leak into your stomach. The symptoms of PCS are similar to those of gallstones. They include belly pain, heartburn, and diarrhea. |
5f8e1403ffaa3384cdcef249379ff27a | What should you know about getting surgery for gallstones? | About 80% of people who have gallstones will need surgery. Doctors can remove your gallbladder in one of two ways: Open surgery: During this procedure, your surgeon will make a 5- to 7-inch incision (cut) on your belly to take out your gallbladder. And even if your gallstones do go away, there's a chance they'll return. It can happen if any gallstones are left in your bile ducts or bile happens to leak into your stomach. The length of time it takes you to heal depends on the type of surgery you have. Most people who have it are able to go home from the hospital the same day. |
2049085600bfe086793ea5bfef19c63d | When do you need surgery for gallstones? | You'll need open surgery if you have a bleeding disorder. You'll only need it if a stone goes into, or blocks, one of your bile ducts. This causes what doctors call a âgallbladder attack.â It's an intense, knife-like pain in your belly that can last several hours. |
c0d897218ecd3bc5a0bbdd527a143e59 | How is laparoscopic cholecystectomy done for gallstones? | Doctors can remove your gallbladder in one of two ways: Open surgery: During this procedure, your surgeon will make a 5- to 7-inch incision (cut) on your belly to take out your gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Doctors also call this âkeyhole surgery.â Your surgeon doesn't make a big opening in your belly. Instead, he makes four small cuts. Next, he'll insert special tools to remove the diseased organ. |
4a0ecd5aba5bbacb3eeb727459db8ffa | How should I clean up my cat’s vomit? | 3 -- Vomit Like humans, cats vomit. Unlike humans, they don't do it in the toilet. Try to clean the mess before it sets to avoid odors and stubborn stains. If the vomit is solid, pick it up with a paper towel. Then scrub the area with a pet-safe deodorizing cleaner. If the vomit is loose, scrape it into one pile with a plastic spoon. Blot the area with paper towels. Then use a deodorizer or pet stain-and-odor remover. You may need to clean stubborn stains or odors more than once. |
3d802ca74202d35bb5eb7342f111624e | How can I help stop my cat from spraying urine? | To stop your cat from spraying, try a pheromone product. It smells like your cat's natural scent. One whiff, and he'll have no reason to mark his territory again. |
c8868821385aea273e9977673e7c6779 | How should I clean up my cat’s poop? | 2 -- Poop Cat poop may be smellier than urine, but it's easier to get off your floor. Wear gloves. Cat feces may contain a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a disease that's especially dangerous to pregnant women. If you're pregnant, let your partner clean up the mess. Pick up the poop with paper towels. Throw it out in the same place you toss your litter box scoopings. Rinse the area with cool water and blot dry. Apply an enzyme-based pet stain-and-odor remover. |
f07859a3017821076ed3cc890e4d8674 | How should I clean up my cat’s urine sprays and stains? | Don't use any ammonia-based cleaning products. They smell like cat pee, which may entice kitty to re-mark the spot. Soak the area with carpet cleaner or a few drops of dish detergent mixed with water. Let it sit for 1 to 2 hours. Rinse with a wet sponge. The next day, spray the area with an enzymatic cleaner such as A. O. E. ( Animal Odor Eliminator), Elim- Odor Feline, or F. O. N. ( Feline Odor Neutralizer). Keep your cat away until the area dries. Blot the area with paper towels. |
4eb6f104e616f52e147caea07cb8a2e5 | Why would a cat not use the litter box and make a mess on the floor or carpet? | 1 -- Urine Sprays and Stains Cats don't always aim straight for the litter box. When your cat leaves a "present" on the carpet, he could be spraying to mark his territory or objecting to the litter box’s location or cleanliness. Whatever your cat's reason for peeing on the carpet, it's going to stink if you don't clean it up quickly. Cats can sniff out areas they've marked and target them again. If your cat soils your carpets and never did this before, or she constantly soils the carpets, call your vet. It could be a sign of a health problem that needs attention. |
fab364a9c405f08ee56c1901399a1c7b | What are common signs of insomnia with untreated depression? | Common signs of insomnia include: Daytime fatigue Irritability and difficulty concentrating Sleep that never feels like "enough" Trouble falling asleep Trouble going back to sleep after waking up during the night Waking up at all hours of the night Waking up before the alarm clock goes off Alcohol and drug abuse are common among people with clinical depression. |
a879c1bcdf0c70d378348ccfa1f080ad | How is sleep disrupted by untreated depression? | Though the most common problem is insomnia (difficulty getting adequate sleep), people sometimes feel an increased need for sleep and experience excessive energy loss. Lack of sleep can cause some of the same symptoms as depression -- extreme tiredness, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating or making decisions. In addition, untreated depression may result in weight gain or loss, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, and irritability. Treating the depression helps the person get control over all of these depression symptoms. |
9760e7a1769cc947d9ce115ad2a9d9e3 | What are warning signs of suicide with untreated depression? | Warning signs of suicide include: Talking, writing, or thinking about killing or hurting oneself or threatening to do so Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Having a "death wish;" tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death -- for example, driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, or changing a will Saying things like "it would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Suddenly visiting or calling people one cares about Talking about suicide Increase in drinking alcohol or using drugs Writing a suicidal note Watching well publicized murder and/or suicide reports in the media Conducting on-line searches on ways to commit suicide Seeking methods to kill oneself, such as getting a gun or pills For in depth information, see Web MD's Depression and Suicide. |
72f18a9050d01d3da99bc37aefc6c543 | Why is untreated depression considered to be a disability? | Depression can render people disabled in their work life, family life, and social life. Left untreated, clinical depression is as costly as heart disease or AIDS to the U. S. economy. Untreated depression is responsible for more than 200 million days lost from work each year. The annual cost of untreated depression is more than $43.7 billion in absenteeism from work, lost productivity, and direct treatment costs. |
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