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a2ba3cd8eb015de157f58a2e005f1305 | What are the combination immunizations your baby will get at the 2-month checkup? | These may include: DTa P (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) Hib (haemophilus influenzae type b) IPV (polio vaccine) PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) HBV (hepatitis B) RV (rotavirus) Remember, these vaccines are safe, and your baby really needs them to protect her from many life-threatening illnesses, such as pertussis or whooping cough. |
8ee1eec3fd822ecd3037cc6a304cf114 | What are questions your baby's doctor may ask at the baby's 2-month checkup? | Is your baby getting tummy time? Can your baby hold her head up sometimes? Has your baby smiled yet? Is your baby alert to sounds? Is your baby stretching and moving her arms and legs well? |
431a242945f8a802967da34a0b915a81 | What are sleeping questions you may have at the baby's 2-month checkup? | I'm so tired -- when will my baby sleep through the night? How can I help my baby learn to go to sleep on her own? |
66bd506deaf1c82c5278f21aba93952a | What are the concerns about using beta-blockers for chronic migraine? | These include: Atenolol ( Tenormin) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Propranolol ( Inderal, Inderal LA, Inderal XL, Inno Pran) Timolol As many as 4 out of 5 of people who take beta-blockers get relief from their migraines. Still, like all drugs, they can cause side effects. These include feeling depressed and having problems during sex. You may not be able to take beta-blockers if you have asthma or diabetes. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras. These medicines were thought to increase stroke risk with this type of migraine, though the proof is very scant. |
4ac7761391643a20c9a6351ac4f399e7 | How can botulinum toxin (Botox) help prevent chronic migraine? | Long used to fill wrinkles, this nerve toxin has been found to stave off chronic migraines. It prevents a pain network in your brain from turning on. But it's only approved for people who have headaches at least 15 days each month. The more frequent your migraines, the better Botox seems to help. You may need several treatments before it starts to work. |
dd4739f036df2dc30aff66055be84928 | What is mastitis? | Mastitis is an infection of the tissue of the breast that occurs most frequently during the time of breastfeeding. It can occur when bacteria, often from the baby's mouth, enter a milk duct through a crack in the nipple. Breast infections most commonly occur one to three months after the delivery of a baby, but they can occur in women who have not recently delivered and in women after menopause. Other causes of infection include chronic mastitis and a rare form of cancer called inflammatory carcinoma. |
c57ba519405fd15607fdb399ad21df73 | What are symptoms of a breast infection? | Breast infections may cause pain, redness, and warmth of the breast along with the following symptoms: Tenderness and swelling Body aches Fatigue Breast engorgement Fever and chills Abscess: A breast abscess can be a complication of mastitis. Noncancerous masses such as abscesses are more often tender and frequently feel mobile beneath the skin. The edge of the mass is usually regular and well defined. Indications that this more serious infection has occurred include the following: Tender lump in the breast that does not get smaller after breastfeeding a newborn ( If the abscess is deep in the breast, you may not be able to feel it.) Pus draining from the nipple Persistent fever and no improvement of symptoms within 48-72 hours of treatment Call your health care provider as soon as you feel any suspicious lump, whether you are breastfeeding or not. |
46d53bc2b029762f2f58cbe76bb0369a | When should you go to the ER for a breast infection? | You may need to be evaluated in a hospital's emergency department if the breast pain is associated with other signs of an infection (such as a fever, swelling, or redness to the breast) and if your health care provider cannot see you promptly. The below symptoms require emergency treatment: A persistent high fever greater than 101.5 ° F Nausea or vomiting that is preventing you from taking the antibiotics as prescribed Pus draining from the breast Red streaks extending toward your arm or chest Dizziness, fainting, or confusion The diagnosis of mastitis and a breast abscess can usually be made based on a physical exam. |
7f6f9f74f24c862e724ab03fb05dbad1 | What are the symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs)? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of a UTI can include: A burning feeling when you pee A frequent or intense urge to pee, even though little comes out when you do Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling pee Feeling tired or shaky Fever or chills (a sign that the infection may have reached your kidneys) Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen An infection can happen in different parts of your urinary tract. |
dee0de9be702ca2055d37234d54b59a1 | What are the treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs)? | If you have three or more UTIs a year, ask your doctor to recommend a treatment plan. Some options include taking: A low dose of an antibiotic over a longer period to help prevent repeat infections A single dose of an antibiotic after sex, which is a common infection trigger Antibiotics for 1 or 2 days every time symptoms appear At-home urine tests, which you can get without a prescription, can help you decide whether you need to call your doctor. |
c436fc95fd55e8ab6597632c44b8511f | How likely am I to get urinary tract infections (UTIs)? | Some experts rank your lifetime risk of getting one as high as 1 in 2, with many women having repeat infections, sometimes for years. |
7d5eba56c1de46e686269831c19c3fdf | When do you need medical attention for dizziness? | Get medical attention immediately if you're dizzy and you faint, fall, or can't walk or have any of the following: Chest pain Different or really bad headache Head injury High fever Irregular heart rate Seizures Shortness of breath Stiff neck Sudden change in speech, vision, or hearing Vomiting Weakness or numbness in your face Weakness in your leg or arm Does it feel like you're spinning or the room is moving around you? |
ef36c3b2e2a8ad4da62870b76d7eff75 | How can low blood sugar cause dizziness? | You can get dizzy if it drops too low. That also can cause hunger, shakiness, sweating, and confusion. Some people without diabetes also have trouble with low blood sugar, but that's rare. A quick fix is to eat or drink something with sugar, like juice or a hard candy. |
424df28d82b91cc047851403b45a2d3d | What medications can cause dizziness as a side effect? | Several drugs list dizziness as a possible side effect. Check with your doctor if you take: Antibiotics, including gentamicin and streptomycin Anti-depressants Anti-seizure medications Blood pressure medicine Sedatives Many people don't drink enough fluids to replace the liquid they lose every day when they sweat, breathe, and pee. |
d41c0050dd9dc35a3e4c6e9e8f81f2fd | How can I prevent tonsillitis? | Hand washing remains crucial in preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria that cause tonsillitis. Avoid prolonged contact with anyone who has strep throat and has not been taking antibiotics for at least 24 hours. To be certain, avoid people who have been ill until such time as you are sure they no longer are. |
894d43932cebcc8770878a437869f63d | Why do people get tonsillectomy? | In the last 30 years, although tonsillectomy is frequently performed for recurrent infections, the most common reason for removing tonsils is tonsil-enlargement (hypertrophy) causing obstructive symptoms such as snoring, sleep apnea, and difficulty swallowing. |
f1faa479f6dd8572def87e9c4b669b6f | What is different about breast cancer in younger women? | Diagnosing breast cancer in women under 40 years old is more difficult, because their breast tissue is generally denser than in older women. By the time a lump in a younger woman's breast can be felt, the cancer may be advanced. In addition, breast cancer in younger women can be aggressive and less likely to respond to treatment. Women who are diagnosed at a younger age also are more likely to have a mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Delays in diagnosing breast cancer can cause problems. Many younger women ignore the warning signs -- such as a breast lump or unusual nipple discharge -- because they believe they're too young to get breast cancer. They may assume a lump is a harmless cyst or other growth. Some doctors may also dismiss breast lumps in young women as cysts. |
737f3a4941d66d5e6bec3fe43646d6a3 | What are the treatment options for breast cancer in younger women? | Treatment options include: Surgery: either a lumpectomy, which involves removing the tumor and some surrounding tissue, or a mastectomy, which is the removal of a breast. Radiation is generally used following a lumpectomy, and chemotherapyand hormone therapy often are recommended after surgery to help destroy any remaining cancer cells and prevent a return. Breast cancer treatment can affect your sexuality, fertility, and pregnancy. If you'd like to have children, talk to your doctor it before you begin treatment. |
7adc1e0c8373b1e2b084ec3e00595798 | How are treatment decisions for breast cancer in young women made? | Treatment decisions are made based whether or not it has spread beyond the breast, as well as the woman's general health and personal circumstances. |
4986d9f32b08a6b265d1ff13d914b993 | What puts you at risk for breast cancer? | The following put you at higher risk: A personal history of breast cancer or some noncancerous breast diseases A family history of breast cancer, particularly in a mother, daughter, or sister History of radiation treatments to the chest before age 40 Having a specific genetic defect such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation Getting your period before age 12 For some women, your age when you had your first child Other risk factors include heavy alcohol use, high intake of red meat, dense breasts, obesity, and race. |
30e3fdf5727751f5cc22b0fb44dc2250 | Should women under age 40 get mammograms? | In general, regular mammograms aren't recommended for women under 40 years of age, in part because breast tissue tends to be dense, making mammograms less effective. The American Cancer Society recommends women ages 40 to 44 should have a choice to start yearly screening mammograms if they would like. Women ages 45 through 54 should have a mammogram each year and those 55 years and over should continue getting mammograms every 1 to 2 years.. Most experts believe the low risk at that age doesn't justify the exposure to radiation or the cost of mammography. But mammograms may be recommended for younger women with a family history of breast cancer and other risk factors. |
9c7fce4a3e64ae6985dd30a2fefa0a89 | Should I heat baby formula? | There's no need to heat the formula for your baby. Drinking it at room temperature is fine. |
c48c5002f7cecba96195a6643a307719 | Is it OK to bottle-feed your baby? | Infant formulas have gotten better and better at matching the ingredients and their proportions to that of human milk. While breastfed babies may have relatively fewer infections, the vast majority of infants won't get a serious infection in the first months whether breast- or bottle fed. A happy, unstressed mother is the best mother. If you feel that bottle feeding best fits your needs, then it's the best for meeting your baby's needs as well. |
30e9824a6f5544e40961404eacfc492e | Can I use leftover baby formula? | Once a baby has sipped from formula, it should be discarded. You can, though, save unused formula that baby hasn't sipped from for the next feeding. |
07858d1130a97370ea9b10fcaf4bad29 | Are there side effects of corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis? | Whether you get them depends a lot on the strength of the corticosteroid, how large an area you spread it on, and how long you use it. To lower your risk, your doctor may look for the weakest one that can get the job done in the shortest time. Some common side effects that could happen to you: Thinning of your skin Changes in skin coloring You bruise easily Stretch marks Skin gets reddish Broken blood vessels Increased hair growth in localized areas Infections You become sensitive to light Corticosteroids can be absorbed through your skin and sometimes cause health problems such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and a hormonal problem called Cushing's syndrome. |
693e555453f7ebece69f2c2d49396dbb | When are weaker coricosteroids best to treat psoriasis? | Weaker corticosteroids are best if you need to use it on sensitive areas such as your face, groin, or breasts. Your doctor may also prescribe a lower-strength version if you have to use it for a long time. Mild to mid-strength ones can be used for children. |
96f2208f4b388bbaa0a3f3dbc9f1149f | When are stronger corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis? | You may need a stronger one if you have a severe form of psoriasis. It's also a good choice for spots with thicker skin, such as your palms or the soles of your feet. |
632208678e8ae7baacd850412f65f227 | How are shin splints treated? | Rest your body. It needs time to heal. Ice your shin to ease pain and swelling. Do it for 20-30 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days, or until the pain is gone. Use insoles or orthotics for your shoes. Shoe inserts -- which can be custom-made or bought off the shelf -- may help if your arches collapse or flatten when you stand up. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers, if you need them. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin, will help with pain and swelling. |
8b25e0101105f8cc4b764fbcfe44ce9b | What causes shin splints? | This common problem can result from: Flat feet -- when the impact of a step makes your foot's arch collapse (your doctor will call this overpronation) Shoes that don't fit well or provide good support Working out without warmup or cooldown stretches Weak ankles, hips, or core muscles If you're active, you could get them if you make sudden changes like more intense, more frequent, or longer workouts. |
956b334c20487decaf7d0f9d59a4194a | How do I know if my shin splints are healed? | Your injured leg feels as strong as your other leg. You can push hard on spots that used to be painful. You can jog, sprint, and jump without pain. There's no way to say exactly when your shin splints will go away. It depends on what caused them. People also heal at different rates; 3 to 6 months isn't unusual. |
b4a2b0b9891ce1bcebe1521aa2a18c39 | What can help with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)? | It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. |
46720948e7c04333c8256713a384cad5 | How can diet and exercise help with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)? | It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. There are no specific eating plans that help with MS, but a nutritious diet is always best. You should also try to stay at a healthy weight. Exercise is also good for all types of MS. It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. If you're sensitive to temperature, be careful not to get overheated. And never exercise until you're totally exhausted because it will take much longer to recover. |
b98cc0412c33d74ca15108bf70221b6f | What are common symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)? | If you have primary progressive multiple sclerosis ( PPMS), you probably first saw a doctor because your legs were weak or you had trouble walking. Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. |
c2e66ef45cf82d115a3328d952a6fc9e | Drugs help reduce what symptoms of multiple sclerosis? | You'll take medications to help you with: Tight muscles Bladder and bowel problems Pain Fatigue You'll also get rehabilitation, such as physical, occupational, or speech therapy. |
f056212da4503a118139e50430e1566f | How fast should I start exercising to treat multiple sclerosis? | Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. If you're sensitive to temperature, be careful not to get overheated. And never exercise until you're totally exhausted because it will take much longer to recover. |
2505080bfd6c236bd15fffa438708ac5 | What are the symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)? | This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself. |
707dd80c306ea3bc72986452507c3202 | How many people have primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)? | Only 10% to 15% of people with multiple sclerosis have this form. Those that do are usually diagnosed later in life than people with other types. |
4236ef794316fce73e20a2fa6b0512f5 | How does primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) develop over time? | Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. How fast that happens or how much disability it will cause varies a lot, so it's hard to predict. Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions. |
acaea59e7aea0b31e29833be96f5d82d | How is primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) diagnosed? | It can be hard for doctors to diagnose PPMS. This complex disease is different for everyone who has it. You may have symptoms for a few years, but no major flares, before doctors can tell you're getting worse. |
1e004db1a31c1f93ae7ca0b9e81ae675 | What types of exercise help treat multiple sclerosis? | It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. |
811b2c790f4767a83001304d45e541ad | In treatment for multiple sclerosis, what does rehabilitation help address? | It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. |
eb58f8d88b3c63107508b16a8e4bb78e | Is it important to stay healthy if I have multiple sclerosis? | It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. There are no specific eating plans that help with MS, but a nutritious diet is always best. You should also try to stay at a healthy weight. |
8f7da72311db301aa721c9b8f01a9b8d | Does primary progressive multiple sclerosis get worse over time? | Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. How fast that happens or how much disability it will cause varies a lot, so it's hard to predict. Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions. |
21488e35b30e152e94286c6d00c31692 | What are the main symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis? | This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself. |
884145b918081565278943e953daf954 | How do other drugs or foods interact with anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays? | Drug or food interactions: Since this spray has little or no effect beyond the area applied, it is unlikely to interact with other drugs. |
8b8f80d38fa0a74a20e62d6f3aae048b | How do anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays work? | How anticholinergic nasal sprays work: When sprayed into each nostril, anticholinergic nasal sprays decrease secretions from the glands lining the nasal passage. |
9e14cf2325cc680cbaf3d66e7bc0bac7 | Who should not use anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays? | Who should not use these medications: Individuals who are allergic to any components of the nasal spray should not take this drug. |
7e1612ad96b094ea7bcfb28f2dc6f6fe | How should you use anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays? | Use: The usual dosage is 2 sprays in each nostril 2-3 times per day. |
ceffb6ceea195eee6dda3cab7fb99470 | What are side effects of anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays? | Side effects: Anticholinergic nasal sprays may cause an excessively dry nose, thereby causing nosebleeds or irritation. |
b2cbd41ef41151da91ff3e7c178c49d2 | What problems can I have from infection of ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum? | During pregnancy, the bacteria can lead to infections in both the mother and the baby. Problems in newborn babies can include: Low birth weight Pneumonia Bacteria in the blood, called septicemia To diagnose a ureaplasma infection, your doctor can take a sample of fluid from: Blood Amniotic fluid Placental tissue Cervix Urethra Your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to treat the infection. |
7017a4f5a468bb0365ee9d25e3bbc584 | How does a person get mycoplasma hominis, a type of mycoplasma infection? | These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. But if you're in general good health, you don't have to worry. They rarely cause an infection. Women with a weakened immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- are most at risk. You can sometimes pick up this infection during sex. The bacteria can also pass from a mother to her baby during childbirth. |
91e1865999af45035c13c468b782ecaa | What is mycoplasma pneumoniae? | There are about 200 types of mycoplasma bacteria, but most of them are harmless. The ones you may have to worry about are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma parvum This type causes lung infections. About a third of people who get infected come down with a mild form of pneumonia called "walking pneumonia." Most people, especially children, will get "tracheobronchitis," a fancy name for a chest cold. You can catch one of these infections when someone who is sick coughs or sneezes and sends droplets with the bacteria into the air. |
dec3dfeef4d71da762dc55e6b3559bdc | What does it mean if I have a mycoplasma infection? | They're caused by tiny living things called bacteria. Unlike other bacteria, the ones that lead to mycoplasma infections don't have cell walls. That's important because many antibiotics kill bacteria by weakening those walls. Since mycoplasma bacteria don't have them, some antibiotics, like penicillin, won't work against them. There are about 200 types of mycoplasma bacteria, but most of them are harmless. |
73c169bf6d4ebad9f7ea7af07feff527 | What is recovery like in an endometrial ablation? | It shouldn't take you long to heal from an ablation. Most women are back to their normal routine within a week. You may have some cramping and bleeding for a few days and a watery or bloody discharge for up to 3 weeks. It's also common to have nausea and an urge to pee for the first 24 hours. Your doctor will advise you not to have sex, use tampons, or douche for a few days. She may also put limits on your activity, like not lifting heavy things right away. If you need medicine for pain, ask your doctor which over-the-counter medicines are safe to take. Don't take aspirin. It could make you bleed more. |
ccba091bf973b497712f124a5937a98d | What are common procedures in an endometrial ablation? | The most common are: Hydrothermal: Your doctor gently pumps fluid into your uterus, then heats it. After 10 minutes, this destroys your uterine lining. Balloon therapy: Your doctor guides a thin tube with a special balloon on the end into your uterus. Heated fluid fills the balloon, which then expands and breaks up the lining. High-energy radio waves: Your doctor puts electrical mesh into your uterus and expands it. Then energy and heat sent by strong radio waves damage the lining, which your doctor removes with suction. Freezing: A thin probe with a very cold tip freezes off the lining of your uterus. Your doctor may call this âcryoablation.â Microwave: A special wand applies microwave energy to your uterine lining, which destroys it. Electrical: Your doctor can use an electric current to destroy the lining of your uterus, but this method isn't as commonly used as the others. |
fda70caed5987257734c14c3601c6c33 | Who gets an endometrial ablation? | Endometrial ablation can put an end to heavy bleeding that gets in the way of your everyday life (maybe you need to change your tampon or pad every hour, or you bleed for more than a week). If your bleeding causes other health problems, like anemia, this procedure could also help. |
82523aae961a244167d2100a7a5276f2 | Who shouldn't get an endometrial ablation? | Still, endometrial ablation isn't right for everyone. If you're post-menopausal, you shouldn't have it done. It's also not a good idea if you have: Uterine, cervical, or endometrial cancer Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) A vaginal or cervical infection A weak wall to your uterus An infection of the uterus A scar from a Caesarean section An intrauterine device ( IUD) A disorder of the uterus or endometrium You also shouldn't have endometrial ablation if you're pregnant or want a baby in the future. It will make it harder for you to get pregnant. |
8a44daaacf6b003226f8e551f9fb493a | When should you call your doctor about endometrial ablation? | If you have any of these signs, call your doctor right away: Strong-smelling discharge from your vagina Fever Chills Intense cramping or stomach pain Heavy bleeding or bleeding that doesn't stop 2 days after your ablation Trouble peeing The results of endometrial ablation don't always last. After a few years, your periods may start to get heavier and longer again. If so, let your doctor know. You may need a different treatment. |
d80140786061992ecc8e2fa30c15db50 | Why is rhinoplasty done? | Types of rhinoplasty include: Removing a hump on the nose Straightening the bridge Reshaping the nose's tip Increasing or decreasing the size of the nostrils Correcting the nose after an injury Opening breathing passages Making the nose bigger or smaller Nose jobs can be done to change how you look or for medical reasons. For example, some people may need surgery to repair a problem with the cartilage that divides one nostril from the other. Others may just want to make their nose smaller. |
d403caee2a6e8364ea060f9647147ad6 | What is rhinoplasty? | Getting a "nose job," which doctors call rhinoplasty, can be very simple or very complex. When done correctly by an experienced surgeon, it can make a big difference in how a person looks. |
2b0c694b5a8b350fc38738449418f768 | Where should I get rhinoplasty? | It's best to have the procedure done in an accredited facility. If you have a complication, an experienced surgeon working with a well-trained team will be able to assess and correct the situation. You should talk to your surgeon in advance to describe your goals and learn about the risks and benefits. |
4dbb3c1d0664589ee01d0f9b68d79126 | What are risks of rhinoplasty? | Any type of surgery has risks. These include bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to anesthesia. Risks of rhinoplasty include: Numbness Nosebleeds Scarring at the base of the nose Bursting of small blood vessels on the skin's surface Swelling Permanent nerve damage Need for a second or third operation Before getting a nose job, teens and their parents or guardians should talk extensively with the surgeon and weigh all of the risks and benefits. |
40b4be030d266dedfb02874212defef4 | Should a teen get a nose job? | Teens should not have a nose job until the nose has reached its adult size. This normally happens at about age 15 or 16 for girls. It usually happens a year or so later for boys. |
0737f005ff1a2945abceef23f66cd636 | What are the types of rhinoplasty? | Types of rhinoplasty include: Removing a hump on the nose Straightening the bridge Reshaping the nose's tip Increasing or decreasing the size of the nostrils Correcting the nose after an injury Opening breathing passages Making the nose bigger or smaller Nose jobs can be done to change how you look or for medical reasons. |
90f6d300f86b3eead72457e6de24e64c | What is recovery from rhinoplasty like? | After a nose job, recovery takes patience and support from family and friends. You will need to keep your head elevated for at least 24 hours after the operation. And there will be some pain and swelling (which can be managed with medication and cold compresses). Some people become discouraged with the swelling and how they look immediately after the operation. But when the swelling goes down, the redness disappears and the nose fully heals. This can take weeks, but most people like the results. |
e8b4ba9c8dafb549171af12861919adb | How is vaginismus related to painful intercourse treated? | Vaginismus: Painful spasms of muscles at the opening of the vagina may be an involuntary but appropriate response to painful stimuli. These spasms may be due to several factors, including painful insertion, previous painful experiences, previous abuse, or an unresolved conflict regarding sexuality. For a woman with vaginismus, her doctor may recommend behavioral therapy, including vaginal relaxation exercises. |
f8ef72dce13ff6ad305ffc6e9d3c8da7 | How is inadequate lubrication related to painful intercourse treated? | Inadequate lubrication: Treatment of inadequate lubrication depends on the cause. Treatment options include water-soluble lubricants (for use with condoms; other types of lubricants may damage condoms) or other substances such as vegetable oils. If arousal does not take place, more extensive foreplay might be needed during sexual relations. |
a77a5a996b84441dba756f768b311634 | How is urethritis related to painful intercourse treated? | Urethritis and urethral syndrome: With this condition, a woman may urinate frequently with urgency, pain, and difficulty, but a urinalysis can find no identifiable bacteria. These symptoms may be caused by chronic inflammation of the urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body), from muscle spasms, anxiety, low estrogen levels, or a combination of these causes. Using a special instrument, the doctor may dilate the urethra if it is narrowed. The doctor may prescribe low-dose antibiotics. At times, antidepressants and antispasmodics may also be prescribed. |
70d3acc31f241058622c8b10cf220f8e | What is the treatment for deep thrust pain during intercouse? | Treatment for deep thrust pain includes two strategies: Checking for pelvic adhesions (tissue that has become stuck together, sometimes developing after surgery) that may cause pain with intercourse and surgically removing them. Checking for ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease , endometriosis, uterine prolapse, or retroversion of the uterus (uterus is tilted backward instead of forward). |
99be44219d84f921503e2c8f26beaef8 | How is interstitial cystitis related to painful intercourse treated? | A cystoscopy is a procedure to look inside the bladder and may distend (stretch) the bladder to examine the bladder wall. Cystoscopy often works to clear the condition. Other treatments include amitriptyline ( Elavil), nifedipine ( Procardia), pentosan polysulfate sodium ( Elmiron), or other prescription drugs. Other options include bladder washings with dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO) or other agents or transcutaneous electric stimulation ( TENS) and acupuncture. |
b0e952037fb0fdd213cedbf9b37321a6 | What is the use of nanomedicine in treating multiple sclerosis (MS)? | In some cases, nanoparticles act as tiny cargo ships that carry medicine -- sometimes, to parts of the body drugs can't reach on their own. For example, they can cross the blood-brain barrier, a layer of cells that protect your brain from possible danger -- but that also keep helpful MS drugs from getting through. Attaching MS drugs to nanoparticles may solve this problem. That's because certain nanoparticles can interact with blood-brain barrier cells and get âswallowedâ by them. When the nanoparticle gets in, so does the drug it carries. Another type of nanoparticle doesn't even need to carry medicine. The material itself is a powerful antioxidant that crosses the blood-brain barrier. It's called a cerium oxide nanoparticle, and it helped relieve some MS symptoms in mice. |
a3c51e1bb5357fa13a94b16c1d0ab60c | What are recent findings and ongoing research on the root causes of MS? | Scientists are looking for ways to: Stop the disease from getting worse Restore lost function Prevent and cure MS Besides testing new treatments, scientists continue to explore the root causes of MS. Much of the research is still being done in animals, but recent findings and ongoing research include: Bone marrow stem cell transplants that would offer long-term benefits An epilepsy pill that slowed nerve damage A specific type of training that improved memory and brain activity (as seen on MRI scans). Changes were still in place after 6 months. An experimental therapy in mice helped their bodies make myelin, a substance that protects nerves. The treatment is a type of micro RNA, a small amount of genetic material. A large team of researchers is analyzing gut bacteria to find out what role it may play as MS gets worse. Researchers are studying children with MS to learn how their environment and genes make them more likely to get the disease. One early finding suggested low vitamin D levels were linked to MS relapses in kids with a specific gene. |
dd916d16a1d9b8788d0efafd9c7d77bd | How does stem transplant work in treating multiple sclerosis? | You might hear your doctor call it: Stem cell transplant Bone marrow transplant HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) How does it work? Doctors remove and store cells from your body that make blood. Then, you take chemotherapy drugs to wipe out your immune system. After that, your stem cells go back in your body. They travel to your bone marrow, where they make new blood cells, giving your immune system a fresh start. Studies show that bone marrow stem cell transplants might help some people with MS. However, the treatment is still experimental. |
6976fd68e60278f9c180044c836f8fae | What do I need to know about stem cells transplant in treating multiple sclerosis (MS)? | These are the only cells in your body with the power to create new types of cells. For example, your blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle, and bone all come from stem cells. People who need new, healthy cells to fight a disease like cancer often get bone marrow stem cell transplants. This procedure can help rebuild your immune system by producing new blood cells. You might hear your doctor call it: Stem cell transplant Bone marrow transplant HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) How does it work? |
aee880293986284756c78069d4dc41a7 | What should someone do before getting elbow replacement surgery? | Your doctor will ask you about your medical history. Tell them about any conditions you have, including allergies. Also let your doctor know if you drink alcohol and what medicines you take. She also needs to know about any vitamins, supplements, or herbal products you use. If you smoke, you should stop before your surgery. |
44d79f8089742f3049586d3268aa1ef8 | What happens after elbow replacement surgery? | After the operation, you'll have stitches and a bandage on your new elbow. You may also need to keep your arm in a splint to keep it stable while it heals. Because elbow replacement involves cutting skin, tendons, and bone, you'll need strong pain medications after surgery. You'll also take pain meds for 1 to 2 weeks after you go home from the hospital. It will take time to get used to your new elbow. For instance, you won't be able to lift anything heavier than a cup of coffee for 6 weeks after surgery. It's a good idea to line up help ahead of time. |
b0cec328a99899a9717f2d9a04d5d58c | What will my elbow be like after my elbow surgery? | After the operation, you'll have stitches and a bandage on your new elbow. You may also need to keep your arm in a splint to keep it stable while it heals. |
5c72032b3cbfb2693eb4ab2c614ef3e0 | Will I need strong pain medications after elbow replacement surgery? | Because elbow replacement involves cutting skin, tendons, and bone, you'll need strong pain medications after surgery. You'll also take pain meds for 1 to 2 weeks after you go home from the hospital. |
57ac9f470d52b30d15ea88adbe8abb2b | How can someone find a surgeon who has a lot of experience to perform their elbow replacement surgery? | The procedure is similar to hip and knee replacements. You want a surgeon who has a lot of experience. Ask your rheumatologist or other doctor for referrals. You may also want to check with the professional association of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. |
872b93bc6c86715508ba8161831e139c | What kind of elbow replacement surgeon should I go to? | You want a surgeon who has a lot of experience. Ask your rheumatologist or other doctor for referrals. You may also want to check with the professional association of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. |
7563dd80b750d00122181023a3885d77 | How long will it take to get used to my new elbow after elbow replacement surgery? | It will take time to get used to your new elbow. For instance, you won't be able to lift anything heavier than a cup of coffee for 6 weeks after surgery. It's a good idea to line up help ahead of time. |
a573cc9f09e5393d51f95fe561149193 | What are common complications from elbow replacement surgery? | The most common complications are: Infection Injury to nerves and blood vessels Allergic reaction to the artificial joint Broken bone Stiffness or instability of the joint Loosening or wearing of the artificial parts Weakness or failure in the tendons of your arm Pain There are risks because of the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction to those medicines and breathing problems. As with any surgery, bleeding and blood clots are possible, too. |
21e25c687afed53b88329c799910f931 | How long does elbow surgery take? | Elbow replacement surgery takes about 2 hours. You'll get anesthesia, so you won't be âawakeâ for it. You'll need to stay in the hospital for up to 4 days. |
3f40a34193e71bbabec82b8a8a42c584 | What are the risks associated with elbow replacement surgery? | The most common complications are: Infection Injury to nerves and blood vessels Allergic reaction to the artificial joint Broken bone Stiffness or instability of the joint Loosening or wearing of the artificial parts Weakness or failure in the tendons of your arm Pain There are risks because of the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction to those medicines and breathing problems. As with any surgery, bleeding and blood clots are possible, too. |
33630730d6e0fdbfd7b82120e698803e | What does the recovery and physical therapy entail for elbow replacement surgery? | You'll do ârange of motionâ exercises, such as bending and straightening your arm. Elbow replacement usually reduces pain and helps your elbow work better. But it may not make the joint as good as it was before disease or injury hurt it. You'll need to avoid activities that can cause further injury, such as hammering, playing contact sports, and lifting heavy weights. With good care, your new elbow should serve you well for many years. |
9a74969c7ed5041aa68d8c063ca267fb | What is the typical recovery and physical therapy plan for elbow replacement surgery? | You'll do ârange of motionâ exercises, such as bending and straightening your arm. Elbow replacement usually reduces pain and helps your elbow work better. But it may not make the joint as good as it was before disease or injury hurt it. You'll need to avoid activities that can cause further injury, such as hammering, playing contact sports, and lifting heavy weights. With good care, your new elbow should serve you well for many years. |
f9ed1908da3a39a195d547be401434d4 | What is the treatment for lipodystrophy? | But children still need enough calories and good nutrition so they grow properly. Exercise will help your child stay healthy, too. Physical activity lowers blood sugar and can keep fat from building up dangerously. People with AGL may be able to get metreleptin injections ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases. Statins and omega-3 fatty acids, found in some fish, can help control high cholesterol or triglycerides, too. If your child has or gets diabetes, she'll need to take insulin or other drugs to control her blood sugar. Women with AGL shouldn't use oral birth control or hormone replacement therapy for menopause because they can make levels of certain fats worse. Your doctor may prescribe a lotion or cream to lighten and soften dark skin patches. Over-the-counter bleaches and skin scrubs probably won't work and could irritate the skin. As your child gets older, she may be able to get plastic surgery to help fill out her face with skin grafts from her thighs, belly, or scalp. Doctors can also use implants and injections of fillers to help reshape facial features. People with APL who have extra fat deposits can use liposuction to get rid of some, but fat may build up again. Talk to your doctor about what approach for her appearance makes sense and when. |
df45f10910572615ecfafa564511e8cc | What should you expect if you have lipodystrophy? | Over time, people with AGL can lose most or all of their body fat. With APL, it typically stops after a few years. In general, the more fat you lose, the more serious the condition is. Yet many people with lipodystrophy live active, productive lives. You'll need to work closely with your doctor to prevent complications. For example, people with AGL are likely to have heart and liver problems. Diabetes can be hard to control. They might develop autoimmune disorders such as vitiligo (light-colored spots of skin), rheumatoid arthritis, and a kind of hepatitis. People with APL probably won't have the insulin-related problems that often come with AGL. But it can lead to kidneys that don't work well or at all, and drusen, tiny fat deposits in the back of the eyes that may be connected to age-related macular degeneration ( AMD). Women may get extra fat on their hips and thighs. AGL and APL can be linked to autoimmune disorders, too, including rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Researchers are studying lipodystrophy, and they may find more ways to treat it. |
a40f716fbbf65837694a94718bd8e188 | What are acquired lipodystrophies? | Other acquired lipodystrophies are: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy ( AGL), or Lawrence syndrome Acquired partial lipodystrophy ( APL), also called progressive lipodystrophy or Barraquer- Simons syndrome Localized lipodystrophy AGL often shows up in children, but adults can get it, too. APL typically starts around ages 8-10. Both conditions affect girls 3 times more often than boys. Both cause a person to lose fat from her face, so she may look sick or much older than she is. Localized lipodystrophy can happen to anyone at any age. A small dimple of localized lipodystrophy may look odd, but it probably won't cause any other trouble. However, because fat tissue makes the hormone leptin, people with larger areas of acquired lipodystrophy might not have enough of this chemical in their bodies. Leptin tells your body you've eaten enough and to make insulin. Fat could also build up in places it shouldn't, like the blood, heart, liver, and kidneys. Depending on which type of lipodystrophy a person has, it may cause other problems, including diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, liver disease, and kidney failure. Doctors can help you manage these complications. |
d45f1394d1d2eb056d23b7462a8fe4e9 | What will your doctor look for to diagnose lipodystrophy? | Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on her body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid If the doctor suspects APL, he'll check her blood for evidence of a specific way the body attacks fat cells. |
e88317ce453c77c310dbb499c969c0b6 | How can a urine test help to diagnose a lipodystrophy? | Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on her body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid If the doctor suspects APL, he'll check her blood for evidence of a specific way the body attacks fat cells. |
ac1df7ba7a9f36217f79a56d7f31f463 | How can you take care of your child with lipodystrophy? | Because this condition affects how you look, care and compassion are as important as medicine. Focus on keeping your child healthy and being supportive. Set the tone for others. Be positive and open-minded. People may not know how to react or what to say to keep from prying, or offending or embarrassing you and your child. When someone asks about her, be matter-of-fact about her condition. Do what you can to boost her self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on achievements, rather than appearance. Encourage friendships. But kids will be kids, so prepare her for unkind looks and words. You can help her practice how she'll react with role-play and humor. Consider professional counseling. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease. |
2d42df3bf3f9f7aa3d5532c9ac4b92e7 | What are the symptoms of acquired partial lipodystrophy (AGL)? | This type affects just the upper body, on both sides. It usually starts with her face and moves to her neck, arms, and chest. |
2f2c60f82709e5b4ff8fb5f82b8dc5aa | Where can you get support for lipodystrophy? | If you're looking for a community, Lipodystrophy United is a good place to start. It has information about the disease as well as an online community for people with lipodystrophy and their families. |
1d641d556e993f5f14ff3abbae5f2519 | What questions should you ask your doctor about a lipodystrophy? | What type of lipodystrophy is this? Do you know what caused it? Do we need any more tests? How many other people with this condition have you treated? What's the best way for us to treat it? What other symptoms should we watch for? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research trial? |
2fe65abece6ba588da7b3880abb03d3f | What are the symptoms of localized lipodystrophy? | This looks like a dent in the skin, but the skin itself seems fine. The size can vary. It could be in one spot or many. There might also be tender or painful bumps. |
0d49d3cd4279a9406da466cd2feee170 | What are types of acquired lipodystrophies? | Other acquired lipodystrophies are: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy ( AGL), or Lawrence syndrome Acquired partial lipodystrophy ( APL), also called progressive lipodystrophy or Barraquer- Simons syndrome Localized lipodystrophy AGL often shows up in children, but adults can get it, too. |
3b7f2819c0aa8c815fc9d55ed3cd5b5f | How is a lipodystrophy diagnosis confirmed? | Tests of body fat can confirm the diagnosis. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will cut a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope. Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on her body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid If the doctor suspects APL, he'll check her blood for evidence of a specific way the body attacks fat cells. |
688c26fcb0cab795ff5363172643435a | What questions will my doctor ask for lipodystrophy diagnosis? | When you go to the doctor, he'll do a full exam and ask questions about your child's health: What symptoms have you noticed? When did you first see them? Are changes in how she looks only in certain areas, or all over? Has she had panniculitis -- swollen bumps under her skin or a bumpy red rash? Does she have diabetes? What other health problems or recent injuries has she had? Have you had her blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? |
2f8be6eb4cf5b321a9f6cc72265c4ce0 | What are the symptoms of acquired partial lipodystrophy? | This type affects just the upper body, on both sides. It usually starts with her face and moves to her neck, arms, and chest. |
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