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102854daf74dea279abdec6e230bd02f | What are other treatment options for portal hypertension? | If endoscopic therapy, drug therapy, and/or dietary changes don't successfully control variceal bleeding, you may require one of the following procedures to reduce the pressure in these veins. Decompression procedures include: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( TIPS): This procedure involves placing a stent (a tubular device) in the middle of the liver. The stent connects the hepatic vein with the portal vein, which reroutes blood flow in the liver and helps relieve pressure in abnormal veins. Distal splenorenal shunt ( DSRS): This procedure connects the vein from your spleen to the vein from the left kidney in order to reduce pressure in the varices and control bleeding. |
f485245d8fea64835bb1eae6fc5478ef | Is there a cure for testicular cancer? | Most cases of testicular cancer can be cured, even if the cancer has spread. |
06c2b46a451c8cb8d8bf9c0e5439ddae | What should I expect when I go to the doctor with suspected testicular cancer? | During your visit, you will be asked to talk about symptoms and any illnesses you have had in the past. The doctor will feel the scrotum for lumps. Samples of blood and urine may be taken for testing. An ultrasound exam of the scrotum and its contents may be performed. ( Ultrasound is a painless test that creates images by using high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted through body tissues.) You also may be given a chest X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan. |
fd10736a4df8ea2ac7c475b393f2e602 | What should I do if I think I have testicular cancer? | Low back pain Swollen breasts If you have symptoms of testicular cancer, don't panic. Many times, changes in the testicles are not cancer. But, you should contact your doctor to find the cause of your symptoms. |
4b0420946118f254a5b173e2ae67390b | Can testicular cancer be cured? | Most cases of testicular cancer can be cured, even if the cancer has spread. |
389cda8ec8d1d507a0d0e1127aeee22e | What are the symptoms of testicular cancer? | A sudden gathering of fluid in the scrotum. |
225c082956c3d47afcb1ec6b6c5302e9 | What is radiculopathy? | A spinal nerve can become pinched or inflamed. This can cause low back pain to travel (radiate) down your legs. It can also cause numbness or tingling. |
5c1f664861a8bdee0c9cb57ddefd83fd | What puts you at risk for low back pain? | Certain things make it more likely that you will have low back pain: Age. |
6f624a71e16bb33938134c18616fd5c5 | Can back pain be a sign of a serious underlying condition? | Possibilities include: An inflammatory disease like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis Osteoporosis (bones losing to density as you age; may lead to fractures) Scoliosis (curved spine) Endometriosis, which occurs when tissue from the uterus grows in other parts of the body Back pain can also be a sign of a serious underlying condition that needs attention right away. For example: Infections of your vertebrae (osteomyelitis), disks (discitis), or the joints that connect your spine to your pelvis (sacroiliitis) Abdominal aortic aneurysm (when the blood vessel that supplies your belly, pelvis, and legs becomes swollen) Kidney stones (pain in the lower back, usually just on one side) Tumors (though this is rare) Fewer than 1% of people with low back pain will turn out to have a serious problem like cancer or an infection. |
892a083ae2da9d97f124e5a96d2f5ea9 | What is spondylolisthesis? | In this condition, a vertebra slips out of place and pinches spinal nerves. |
011828539fe1a4d04df2dce914630d71 | What are symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)? | The symptoms start and worsen very quickly. People with CJD often have signs of dementia, including: Confusion Trouble walking Jerky muscle movements or twitching Personality changes Trouble with memory and judgment Vision problems Sometimes people with it have trouble sleeping or become depressed. In later stages of the disease, they often lose the ability to speak or move. They may also get pneumonia or other infections, or slip into a coma. |
1d5872bc9af492f41f3d8aaa6709ec1a | Whatâs the only way to know for sure that someone has Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)? | The only way to know for sure someone has CJD is by taking a sample (called a biopsy) of their brain tissue, or by autopsy. Doctors don't usually biopsy brain tissue, because it's risky, both for the patient and the doctor. It's hard to target which tissue in the brain is infected, so doing a biopsy may not give helpful information. And it puts the doctor at risk of getting the disease. Since a positive diagnosis doesn't help someone with CJD, doctors often confirm cases only after someone dies of it. |
a6c9365f1ed86f30fba17ff21a519f69 | What question will be asked during child's allergy test? | When he sees your child, he'll: Ask about your kid's symptoms and when he has them Do a physical exam, looking for signs of allergies He'll also ask about your family history. If both parents have allergies, a child has a 75% chance of having them. If one parent has allergies, a kid has a 50% chance of having them. |
cd3f550ea4699148f4bbb3f089ee81db | How does a child'sallergy test work? | The allergist may suggest skin or blood tests that can check what kind of allergy your little one has. This should tell you immediately what your child is allergic to depending on what the skin is testing, but blood tests take a few days. If the allergist thinks your child has a food allergy, he may also suggest a type of test called an "elimination diet." |
b4a13644adc77a2ac955c12047e19d74 | How is surgery used to treat frequent urination? | Several types of surgery are also available. The least invasive involve implanting small nerve stimulators just beneath the skin. The nerves they stimulate control the pelvic floor and the devices can manipulate contractions in the organs and muscles within the pelvic floor. |
52fb4d57859bd82ef9f47e8b6dd3b6b3 | What are some less common causes of frequent urination? | Less common causes include bladder cancer, bladder dysfunction, and radiation therapy. |
1710e6a7c22b4710b1b5460002ac28c9 | How is frequent urination treated? | Treatment for frequent urination will address the underlying problem that is causing it. For example, if diabetes is the cause, treatment will involve keeping blood sugar levels under control. |
f87f4e3065775aa7614ce2a110d8c1bb | How can interstitial cystitis cause frequent urination? | This condition of unknown cause is characterized by pain in the bladder and pelvic region. Often, symptoms include an urgent and/or frequent need to urinate. |
f90d0508171f12f5dff62ecc44900f70 | What drugs are used to treat frequent urination? | Treatment may also include drugs such as darifenacin ( Enablex), desmopressin acetate ( Noctiva), imipramine ( Tofranil), mirabegron ( Myrbetriq), oxybutynin ( Ditropan), oxybutynin skin patch ( Oxytrol), solifenacin ( Vesicare). tolterodine extended-release ( Detrol LA), and trospium extended-release ( Sanctura XR), Oxytrol for women is the only drug available over the counter. Darifenacin is specifically for people who wake up more than twice a night to urinate. |
67fff44b23008d7e9da4f5d2f3556247 | When should you see a doctor about frequent urination? | When frequent urination is accompanied by fever, an urgent need to urinate, and pain or discomfort in the abdomen, you may have a urinary tract infection. |
8ac3596b88ebd602fa5a9cbcd7a6cca5 | What are some other options to treat frequent urination? | There are other options for those that do not respond to lifestyle changes and medication. The drug Botox can be injected into the bladder muscle causing the bladder to relax, increasing its storage capacity, and reducing episodes of leakage. |
53aa20722d6747f15e4dcd52644f5612 | How can frequent urination be a problem? | Often, frequent urination is not a symptom of a problem, but is the problem. In people with overactive bladder syndrome, involuntary bladder contractions lead to frequent and often urgent urination, meaning you have to get to a bathroom right now -- even if your bladder is not full. It may also lead you to wake up once or more during the night to use the bathroom. |
d832187c5da879ec544faf462b2ab6aa | How can stroke or other neurological diseases cause frequent urination? | In people with overactive bladder syndrome, involuntary bladder contractions lead to frequent and often urgent urination, meaning you have to get to a bathroom right now -- even if your bladder is not full. |
e654ca7c9c1f0df67610d2dadeabc12f | What causes frequent urination? | Frequent urination can be a symptom of many different problems from kidney disease to simply drinking too much fluid. When frequent urination is accompanied by fever, an urgent need to urinate, and pain or discomfort in the abdomen, you may have a urinary tract infection. |
e24cb88c36e9d780b1a1ac3c12e16988 | How can diabetes cause frequent urination? | Frequent urination with an abnormally large amount of urine is often an early symptom of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes as the body tries to rid itself of unused glucose through the urine. |
55a1ccb4ab99936a58ad31608e835f37 | How can prostate problems cause frequent urination? | An enlarged prostate can press against the urethra (the tube that carries urine out the body) and block the flow of urine. This causes the bladder wall to become irritable. The bladder begins to contract even when it contains small amounts of urine, causing more frequent urination. |
2d8ef59f5ac5827ce5eae125da0f0a0d | How can pregnancy cause frequent urination? | From the early weeks of pregnancy the growing uterus places pressure on the bladder, causing frequent urination. |
0d54a6b382a94a77dbdeec85d920b176 | How will your doctor diagnose frequent urination? | Do you have the problem only during the day or also at night? Are you drinking more than usual? Is your urine darker or lighter than usual? Do you drink alcohol or caffeinated beverages? Depending on the findings of the physical exam and medical history, your doctor may order tests, including: Urinalysis . |
65253aaa75a19160644256ad868843af | How are blood tests used to diagnose Crohn's disease? | A capsule endoscopy uses a pill with a camera inside that is swallowed and takes pictures of the small intestine Blood tests: When testing the blood, the doctor will look for signs of anemia or a high white blood cell count that could indicate inflammation or infection somewhere in the body. |
bf04fdb0b69164e43d7ad1507b0d6193 | How is Crohn's disease treated? | The goals for treatment are: to reduce inflammation to relieve symptoms of pain, diarrhea, and bleeding to eliminate nutritional deficiencies Treatment might involve drugs, nutritional supplements, surgery, or a combination of these therapies. Treatment choices depend upon where the disease is located and how severe it is. They also depend on the complications associated with the disease and the way the person has responded in the past to treatment when symptoms recurred. |
940d6a2712a6ae3319d08558725ec1d3 | What biologic drugs are used to treat Crohn's disease? | Immunosuppressants prescribed for Crohn's disease include: azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran) cyclosporine 6-mercaptopurine (6 MP, Purinethol) tacrolimus ( Prograf) Methotrexate ( MTX, Rheumatrex, Trexall) Side effects of immunosuppressants may include: diarrhea higher susceptibility to infection nausea vomiting Biologic drugs such as infliximab ( Remicade) or infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade, are often prescribed when a person with Crohn's disease does not respond to the standard treatments of 5 ASA-containing drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Infliximab is an antibody that attaches itself to the inflammation-promoting protein, tumor-necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha). Other anti- TNF medications are adalimumab ( Humira) and adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira. These drugs are also used to treat other immune system disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Certolizumab ( Cimzia) is another anti- TNF blocker approved for Crohn's disease. There are other biologic alternatives to the anti- TNF blockers. Two drugs block alpha-4 integrin -- natalizumab ( Tysabri) and vedolizumab ( Entyvio). Ustekinumab ( Stelara) works in another way by targeting other proteins, IL-12 and IL-23. |
f134913eda9fc479b06fb161785d88f9 | What other substances may be prescribed to treat Crohn's disease? | Other substances that may be prescribed to treat Crohn's include: Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections and overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine; types of antibiotics commonly prescribed include: ampicillin ( Omnipen)cephalosporinsfluoroquinolones ( Ciprofloxacin)metronidazole ( Flagyl)sulfonamidestetracycline Antidiarrheal agents to stop diarrhea Fluid replacements to counteract dehydration Nutritional supplements to provide the nutrients that may not be absorbing properly |
2896e46b50b199cfbda7f4c73633913a | What should treatment of Crohn's disease accomplish? | There is no cure for Crohn's disease. The goals for treatment are: to reduce inflammation to relieve symptoms of pain, diarrhea, and bleeding to eliminate nutritional deficiencies Treatment might involve drugs, nutritional supplements, surgery, or a combination of these therapies. |
2c70baf880fe64342226c3c3361e8ec8 | What are other complications of Crohn's disease? | Symptoms can include: abdominal pain and tenderness (often on the lower right side of the abdomen) chronic diarrhea delayed development and stunted growth (in children) feeling of a mass or fullness in the lower right abdomen fever rectal bleeding weight loss Other symptoms can develop, depending on complications related to the disease. For example, a person with a fistula, an abnormal passageway, in the rectal area may have pain and discharge around the rectum. Other complications from Crohn's disease include: arthritis gallstones inflammation of the eyes and mouth kidney stones liver disease skin rashes or ulcers The cause of Crohn's disease is not known. |
9822a61f3b28e5aab4389c770ef00c8d | Which screening tests are important for men to have? | All men 20 and older should get their cholesterol checked every five years. Talk to your doctor about diabetes screening starting at age 40 -- or younger, if you're overweight and physically inactive, or have a family member with diabetes. And don't forget about high blood pressure. Ask your doctor how often you should be screened for it to protect yourself against stroke and heart disease. A colonoscopy is recommended at age 50 (earlier if you're at high risk). |
27f1dc365b2a06b71760c31e2e4f454f | What are symptoms of a heart attack? | Get emergency medical help right away if you have warning signs of a stroke, including: Trouble speaking Weakness in your arm or leg Drooping of your face on one side Loss of balance Also get medical help right away if you have symptoms of a heart attack: Pressure, squeezing, or pain in your chest Pain in your upper back or neck Pain that radiates down the arms Nausea, vomiting Shortness of breath Fatigue |
e56fe526834cfbdd0621e457d5cc38f8 | How big can xanthomas be? | Sometimes these growths can also form on your: Hands Elbows Knees Feet Buttocks Some xanthomas may be very small. Others may grow as large as 3 inches. Smaller bumps can join together to form larger growths. They don't necessarily cause pain, but it depends on their location. |
67288d14f2335011cf3aabd90815e5f9 | Can xanthomas cause Achilles tendinitis? | Achilles Tendinitis When xanthomas form in your Achilles tendon, they can cause Achilles tendonitis -- pain, stiffness, and swelling in the back of the heel. |
799c69584b410a3b5a43b8da61cc2b9b | When should you get emergency help about warning signs of a stroke? | Get emergency medical help right away if you have warning signs of a stroke, including: Trouble speaking Weakness in your arm or leg Drooping of your face on one side Loss of balance Also get medical help right away if you have symptoms of a heart attack: Pressure, squeezing, or pain in your chest Pain in your upper back or neck Pain that radiates down the arms Nausea, vomiting Shortness of breath Fatigue |
fba19a5adcd647b8ab602f8de842ee89 | What is corneal arcus? | Corneal Arcus It's a condition you get when cholesterol forms deposits around the outside of your cornea -- the clear cover over the front of your eye. It looks like a white or gray ring around the iris -- the colored part of your eye. It won't affect your vision. |
e26ef44b56c53dbfac64563a9fcfc72d | When should you talk to your doctor about your anxiety and sleep issues? | If your anxiety does not improve after a few weeks, talk to your doctor. You may have an underlying medical problem (such as an overactive thyroid or a sleep disorder) or a treatable psychiatric condition (such as an anxiety disorder) causing you to feel this way. |
5f4075cc7dfba6e9909e8707b8d4cfd6 | What are combination medications for high blood pressure? | Bisoprolol + hydrocholorthiazide ( Ziac), beta-blocker and diuretic Carvedilol ( Coreg), alpha-blocker and beta-blocker Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate), alpha-blocker and beta-blocker Olmesartan + hydrocholorthiazide ( Benicar), ARB and diuretic |
069d0e2a34c5023ec1ca8dc00783146f | How do vasodilators work to treat high blood pressure? | Guanadrel ( Hylorel) Guanethidine ( Ismelin) Reserpine ( Serpasil) These relax the muscles in your blood vessel walls. The vessels widen, and blood can flow through more easily. Hydralazine ( Apresoline) Minoxidil ( Loniten) Some medicines combine different kinds of drugs. |
54306d57794fde94ee2c90ca0f2d57c5 | How do alpha-blockers work for high blood pressure? | Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Betaxolol ( Kerlone) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carteolol ( Cartrol) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Nebivolol ( Bystolic) Penbutolol ( Levatol) Pindolol ( Visken) Propranolol ( Inderal) Sotalol ( Betapace) Timolol ( Blocadren) These stop nerve signals before they can tell your blood vessels to tighten. Your vessels stay relaxed, giving the blood more room to move and lowering your overall blood pressure. Doxazosin ( Cardura) Prazosin ( Minipress) Terazosin ( Hytrin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent your body from making a hormone that tells blood vessels to tighten. |
ef360f29e41c7560c2d030e7da5a5169 | How do direct renin inhibitors work for high blood pressure? | Candesartan ( Atacand) Eprosartan ( Teveten) Irbesartan ( Avapro) Losartan ( Cozaar) Telmisartan ( Micardis) Valsartan ( Diovan) These target the same process that ACE inhibitors and ARBs do, so your blood vessels don't tighten up. But they work on the enzyme renin instead. They stop it from triggering reactions before the hormone gets made. Aliskiren ( Tekturna) is a direct renin inhibitor. |
61f75ac875c79217b2e32f78e2dedc03 | How do beta-blockers work for high blood pressure? | Amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( Moduretic) Spironolactone + hydrochlorothiazide ( Aldactazide) Triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide ( Dyazide, Maxzide) They'll slow down your heartbeat and keep your heart from squeezing hard. This makes blood go through your vessels with less force. Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Betaxolol ( Kerlone) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carteolol ( Cartrol) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Nebivolol ( Bystolic) Penbutolol ( Levatol) Pindolol ( Visken) Propranolol ( Inderal) Sotalol ( Betapace) Timolol ( Blocadren) These stop nerve signals before they can tell your blood vessels to tighten. |
689f807403ecd5a9acc76f2dc82f6e07 | How do ACE inhibitors work for high blood pressure? | Doxazosin ( Cardura) Prazosin ( Minipress) Terazosin ( Hytrin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent your body from making a hormone that tells blood vessels to tighten. With less of this hormone in your body, your blood vessels stay more open. Benazepril ( Lotensin) Captopril ( Capoten) Enalapril ( Vasotec) Fosinopril ( Monopril) Lisinopril ( Prinivil, Zestril) Moexipril ( Univasc) Perindopril ( Aceon) Quinapril ( Accupril) Ramipril ( Altace) Trandolapril ( Mavik) Angiotensin II receptor blockers stop that same hormone from working. |
b658c1e08383b2a73e47a4f93d232e60 | How do central agonists work to treat high blood pressure? | Amlodipine ( Norvasc) Bepridil ( Vasocor) Diltiazem ( Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac) Felodipine ( Plendil) Isradipine ( Dyna Circ) Nicardipine ( Cardene) Nifedipine ( Adalat, Procardia) Nisoldipine ( Sular) Verapamil ( Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) They stop your brain from sending signals that speed up your heart rate and narrow your blood vessels. These drugs are also called central-acting agents, central adrenergic inhibitors, and central alpha agonists. Clonidine ( Catapres) Guanabenz ( Wytensin) Guanfacine ( Tenex) Methyldopa ( Aldomet) They prevent signals that your brain sends from getting to your blood vessels and telling them to tighten. |
af88e5e33c3cda878f5b8c11b1a4a9c8 | How do calcium channel blockers work for high blood pressure? | They don't let calcium into certain muscle cells in your heart and blood vessels, so it's harder for electrical signals to pass. Some CCBs keep blood vessels from tightening. Others slow your heart rate or make your heart ease up on how hard it squeezes to push blood. Amlodipine ( Norvasc) Bepridil ( Vasocor) Diltiazem ( Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac) Felodipine ( Plendil) Isradipine ( Dyna Circ) Nicardipine ( Cardene) Nifedipine ( Adalat, Procardia) Nisoldipine ( Sular) Verapamil ( Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) They stop your brain from sending signals that speed up your heart rate and narrow your blood vessels. |
278a1c20afd7bdae21cc4a3018d2daf6 | How can bronchodilators treat asthma? | These drugs treat asthma by relaxing the muscle bands that tighten around the airways. They rapidly open the airways, letting more air in and out of the lungs and improving breathing. Bronchodilators also help clear mucus from the lungs. As the airways open, the mucus moves more freely and can be coughed out more easily. In the short-acting form, bronchodilators relieve or stop asthma symptoms and are very helpful during an asthma attack. The three main types of bronchodilators are beta2 agonists, anticholinergics, and theophylline. |
183e581a958fadb87988bb4e349e8852 | What happens during an asthma attack? | Air is normally taken into the body through the nose and windpipe and into the bronchial tubes. At the end of the tubes are tiny air sacs called alveoli that deliver fresh air (oxygen) to the blood. The air sacs also collect stale air (carbon dioxide), which is exhaled out of the body. During normal breathing, the bands of muscle surrounding the airways are relaxed and air moves freely. But during an asthma episode or "attack," there are three main changes that stop air from moving freely into the airways: The bands of muscle that surround the airways tighten, causing them to narrow in what is called "bronchospasm." The lining of the airways becomes swollen, or inflamed. The cells that line the airways produce more mucus, which is thicker than normal. The narrowed airway makes it more difficult for air to move in and out of the lungs. As a result, people with asthma feel they cannot get enough air. |
30f1d9bfec8a4693ad62454269c3714b | How can asthma be cured? | There's no cure for asthma, but it can be treated and controlled. In most cases, people with asthma can live free of symptoms by following their treatment plan. |
2f3599937e2df6d6cfb39a8e11a778e1 | How are asthma drugs taken? | Many asthma drugs are taken using a device called a "hydrofluoroalkane inhaler" or HFA Inhaler (formerly called a metered dose inhaler,) a small aerosol canister in a plastic container that releases a burst of medication when pressed down from the top. Several asthma drugs can also be taken as a powder inhaled through the mouth from a device called a dry powder inhaler. Asthma drugs can also be taken as vapors, pills, liquids, shots or intravenously. |
d0e36c9343a5e97865985238fabeb0c7 | How does exercise treat multiple sclerosis? | Some types, such as tai chi and yoga, can lower stress, help you relax, and increase your energy, balance, and flexibility. As with any fitness program, check with your doctor before you start. |
59f079f54f04005ca132774a3198250b | Why should patients with multiple sclerosis avoid providers who refuse to work with their doctor? | Avoid providers who refuse or are reluctant to work with your doctor. Be sure that the person is willing to refer clients to a conventional doctor when necessary. |
92c46b76eac7a93159f41568fb9ec075 | How does diet treat multiple sclerosis? | It’s important for people with MS to eat the right amounts of nutritious foods. Ask your doctor what kind of diet is right for you. |
57a4bc5f40b00edd05541b0b08993368 | Why should multiple sclerosis patients be wary of the source of a product or therapy? | Source: Be wary if the product is only being offered through one manufacturer. |
35911371b89f88536dd3f80c29830545 | How does a positive attitude treat multiple sclerosis? | Together you can decide what will help you feel your best. |
a686f2efcfe99686079a297b706a7448 | Why should multiple sclerosis patients avoid promotions? | Promotion: Be cautious if products or providers are promoted through telemarketers, direct mailings, infomercials, ads disguised as valid news articles, or ads in the back of magazines. |
3a11f22f1a1d5da71ce5bd7b166e4441 | How can I tell which therapies for multiple sclerosis are worth trying? | Alternative therapy can be helpful in many cases, but some treatments don’t work and can be costly and even dangerous. The best way to stay safe is to learn about a product before you use it. Good things to find out: What is the treatment? What does it involve? How does it work? Are there any risks? What are the side effects? Is it effective? ( Ask for evidence or proof!) How much does it cost? |
30d43d4e8e776857c80e6181daef8df7 | Should I talk to others who have used alternative therapy for multiple sclerosis? | Talk to others who have used the therapy. Ask them what it was like. Don’t rely only on testimonials from the person or company offering the treatment. Track down your own references and get their opinions. |
7dd5c1ba9f8dd6401f26eca64bac3f85 | How do massages treat multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Many people with MS get regular massage therapy to help them relax and reduce stress and depression. There is no evidence that massage changes the course of the disease. It’s usually safe for people with MS to have a massage, but you should tell your therapist if you have osteoporosis. Talk to your doctor first. |
f16cc9833bb40b791997105f4c072ec3 | Why should patients with multiple sclerosis talk to their doctor about therapy? | Discuss the therapy with your doctor. Make sure he knows what therapy you are considering so he can discuss possible side effects and how it may affect your current treatment. Your doctor can also give you information on other patients who may have tried the same therapy. |
c9fe96cb9f269be30bd36a4fbd42a269 | Is acupuncture used to treat multiple sclerosis? | Some people report that acupuncture, a practice that places needles at specific points in the body, relieves symptoms like pain, muscle spasms, or bladder control problems. But scientific studies haven’t found for sure that it works for people with MS. Evening primrose oil (linoleic acid). |
99b4b3daae936394b38353c62077c5e2 | How can I tell which alternative therapies are working to treat multiple sclerosis? | Alternative therapy can be helpful in many cases, but some treatments don’t work and can be costly and even dangerous. The best way to stay safe is to learn about a product before you use it. Good things to find out: What is the treatment? What does it involve? How does it work? Are there any risks? What are the side effects? Is it effective? |
08462085649d67b90a83402c3820308a | Why should multiple sclerosis patients avoid big claims? | Big claims: If a provider or product claims to be a "cure" for MS or makes other outrageous claims, be cautious. |
9f78ad3ae68531e1f01082143e4b3414 | How does evening primrose oil treat multiple sclerosis? | You can find linoleic acid in sunflower seeds and safflower oil. There is some evidence that taking it as a supplement may slightly improve MS symptoms. |
985d6528cd79b90e1d1656956134ff47 | Will alternative therapies cure multiple sclerosis? | But there’s evidence that some of them are helpful when you use them along with your regular treatment. For others, the science isn’t as clear. When you’re deciding if you want to try something new, it’s important to know what might help you and what could be harmful. |
94973bb3d83d6a0ef277bc09b383fd42 | Why should multiple sclerosis patients beware of testimonials? | Testimonials: You’ll usually only hear from people who are satisfied with the product, so beware, especially if you see or hear "paid endorsement" with their comments. Also, watch for testimonials by people who are only listed by initials, locations, or first names. |
1fc3b96995592873a0cad2ca73a8735f | What red flags should I watch for from providers of alternative treatment for multiple sclerosis? | Promotion: Be cautious if products or providers are promoted through telemarketers, direct mailings, infomercials, ads disguised as valid news articles, or ads in the back of magazines. Big claims: If a provider or product claims to be a "cure" for MS or makes other outrageous claims, be cautious. Source: Be wary if the product is only being offered through one manufacturer. Ingredients: Make sure all of the active ingredients are listed. Do not trust "secret formulas." Testimonials: You’ll usually only hear from people who are satisfied with the product, so beware, especially if you see or hear "paid endorsement" with their comments. Also, watch for testimonials by people who are only listed by initials, locations, or first names. |
482945a8e9ada6cf17ffe36dd8ff82b1 | Is marijuana used to treat multiple sclerosis? | Some people with MS say that smoking or ingesting it helps relieve muscle spasms and other MS-related symptoms. But scientists aren’t clear on how it works and who should use it. If you live in a state where medical marijuana is legal, check with your doctor. |
7ec9acf4ea24d7e40f7c8ae01933ccdc | Should I research the provider's background for alternative treatment for multiple sclerosis? | Research the provider's background. |
accb60cb05908968ef4245010c17b046 | Is evening primrose oil used to treat multiple sclerosis? | You can find linoleic acid in sunflower seeds and safflower oil. There is some evidence that taking it as a supplement may slightly improve MS symptoms. |
a936460b422d6d37c071b4d374c047fb | Should I take alternative treatment claims for multiple sclerosis at face value? | Don’t take any claim at face value. Contact reliable organizations and discuss the therapy. Talk to others in a support group, your family, and your health care team. Although they may not always be supportive, they can help you make an educated decision. |
506402cb7ffc04855a435de142a3f6ef | Should I discuss the alternative therapy for multiple sclerosis with my doctor? | Discuss the therapy with your doctor. Make sure he knows what therapy you are considering so he can discuss possible side effects and how it may affect your current treatment. Your doctor can also give you information on other patients who may have tried the same therapy. |
351be6c94adb1c17c8d0e64e66e3a9c8 | How do your blood sugar levels change as you eat? | Then it dips a few hours later as insulin moves glucose into your cells. Between meals, your blood sugar should be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). This is called your fasting blood sugar level. |
3e51d685ca8cd9f1f88d5d8f3d62a8b9 | What goes wrong in the body with type 1 and type 2 diabetes? | There are two types of diabetes: In type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't have enough insulin. The immune system attacks and destroys cells of the pancreas, where insulin is made. In type 2 diabetes, the cells don't respond to insulin like they should. So the pancreas needs to make more and more insulin to move glucose into the cells. Eventually, the pancreas is damaged and can't make enough insulin to meet the body's needs. |
2850dc2258abff6b6775fe7baddfa529 | What are the two types of diabetes? | There are two types of diabetes: In type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't have enough insulin. The immune system attacks and destroys cells of the pancreas, where insulin is made. In type 2 diabetes, the cells don't respond to insulin like they should. So the pancreas needs to make more and more insulin to move glucose into the cells. Eventually, the pancreas is damaged and can't make enough insulin to meet the body's needs. |
eb6d8610780b5718aa8ed13343208fa7 | How does the body make glucose? | It mainly comes from foods rich in carbohydrates, like bread, potatoes, and fruit. As you eat, food travels down your esophagus to your stomach. There, acids and enzymes break it down into tiny pieces. During that process, glucose is released. It goes into your intestines where it's absorbed. From there, it passes into your bloodstream. Once in the blood, insulin helps glucose get to your cells. |
aa910193723632060c853f2cd6f031b5 | Why is too much glucose in the bloodstream bad? | Too much glucose in your bloodstream for a long period of time can damage the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your organs. High blood sugar can increase your risk for: Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke Kidney disease Nerve damage Eye disease called retinopathy People with diabetes need to test their blood sugar often. Exercise, diet, and medicine can help keep blood glucose in a healthy range and prevent these complications. |
abff2610231799eadeee611ad78ac425 | How does your blood glucose level drop and how does it store glucose? | After you haven't eaten for a few hours, your blood glucose level drops. Your pancreas stops churning out insulin. Alpha cells in the pancreas begin to produce a different hormone called glucagon. It signals the liver to break down stored glycogen and turn it back into glucose. That travels to your bloodstream to replenish your supply until you're able to eat again. Your liver can also make its own glucose using a combination of waste products, amino acids, and fats. |
f4c1de0516859afcb36e683adfd822f9 | What causes chronic liver failure? | Hemochromatosis: This inherited disorder causes your body to absorb and store too much iron. |
0b822c133c23d51667991e09573fed30 | What causes acute liver failure? | These symptoms include: Jaundice Bleeding easily Swollen belly Mental confusion (known as hepatic encephalopathy) Sleepiness The causes of acute liver failure, when the liver fails rapidly, include: Acetaminophen overdose: Large doses can damage your liver or lead to failure. Viruses including hepatitis A, B, and E, the Epstein- Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus: They lead to liver damage or cirrhosis. |
a71b21259045029e60e0ffff508da1f7 | What symptoms of liver failure require urgent care? | Early symptoms include: Nausea Loss of appetite Fatigue Diarrhea But as liver failure progresses, the symptoms become more serious, needing care right away. These symptoms include: Jaundice Bleeding easily Swollen belly Mental confusion (known as hepatic encephalopathy) Sleepiness The causes of acute liver failure, when the liver fails rapidly, include: Acetaminophen overdose: Large doses can damage your liver or lead to failure. |
1a8e2f014c78bef071c571bfb53db23f | How does liver failure occur? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Liver failure happens when large parts of the liver become damaged beyond repair and the liver can't work anymore. |
fe4e9df9c86691c0e35b84b245d98cd3 | How effective is vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) at reducing the risk for age-related macular degeneration? | A recent study showed that vitamin B-12, used with folic acid and vitamin B6, reduces the risk for age-related macular degeneration ( AMD) in women with heart disease or multiple risk factors for heart disease. |
af27e853e184052eb68d478c9973e29e | What are good food sources of vitamin B-12 (cobalamin)? | Some good food sources of vitamin B-12 are: Fish and shellfish Meats Poultry and eggs Dairy products Fortified cereals Generally, it's best to get vitamins from whole foods. |
7343f27052219a5db1b61e2999c41233 | What is vitamin B-12 (cobalamin)? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) plays a role in making DNA and also helps keep nerve cells and red blood cells healthy. |
fd2413f0c97e130e7debde38bcf25c38 | Why do people take vitamin B-12 (cobalamin)? | Vitamin B-12 has been looked at as a treatment for many diseases and conditions. These include fatigue, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, breast cancer, high cholesterol, and sickle cell disease. However, the results have been inconclusive. Studies suggest that vitamin B-12 does not help with stroke risk or lung cancer. Vitamin B-12 supplements do help people who have a deficiency. Low levels of vitamin B-12 are more likely in people over age 50. Vitamin B-12 is also more common in those with certain conditions, like digestive problems and some types of anemia. Low vitamin B-12 can cause fatigue, weakness, memory loss, and other problems with the nervous system. |
298ff2002f4d76cafda7a3282288e585 | What are the treatments for myasthenia gravis? | You may be put on a drug called pyridostigmine ( Mestinon), that increases the amount of acetylcholine available to stimulate the receptors. If you continue to have symptoms on pyridostigmine, an immunotherapeutic agent is usually added. These include azathioprine ( Imuran), cyclosporine ( Neoral), eculizumab ( Solaris) mycophenolate ( Cell Cept), and prednisone to suppress the immune system. In severe cases, you may need to have your blood sent through a special machine that removes the antibody-containing plasma and replaces it with antibody-free plasma. This is called plasmapheresis. You may also be given a preparation called intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIg) through a needle in a vein. If you have a thymoma, you will need surgery to remove your thymus (thymectomy). |
ee888ec191f21382dac9f7c2fd341f32 | What situations affect myasthenia gravis? | Situations that affect myasthenia gravis include: Changes in thyroid function Surgery Radiation therapy Infection Certain medications can exacerbate symptoms of myasthenia gravis, including: Antibiotics (particularly those called aminoglycosides) Narcotic drugs Penicillamine Magnesium Anesthesia Muscle relaxants Beta-blockers to treat heart arrhythmias Some women notice that their symptoms worsen around the time of their menstrual period. |
7bab8ad9f594f6a6a709f1daaea04836 | Why does my baby have a fever? | A fever isn't an illness -- it's considered a symptom of one. A fever usually indicates that the body is fighting an illness and the immune system is functioning. If your baby has a fever, in most instances it means he has probably picked up a cold or other viral infection. Although they are less common in infants, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, ear infection or a more serious infection such as a blood bacterial infection or meningitis, may be causing a fever. Other causes of fever in babies include: Reaction to a vaccination Becoming overheated from being dressed too warmly or spending too much time outside on a hot day One common sign of fever in babies is a warm forehead, although not having a warm forehead doesn't mean that your baby doesn't have a fever. |
7c53a1e2ebb605e2e531a8d4228eaea2 | What should I do if my baby has a fever? | If your baby is under age 1 month and has a fever, contact your child's health care provider right away. For older babies, try these tips: Bathe your child with lukewarm water -- always check the temperature of the water on your wrist before washing your baby. Dress your baby in a light layer of clothes. Give your baby enough fluids to avoid dehydration. Those fluids should be breast milk, formula, an electrolyte solution, or water, depending on the baby's age. Contact your baby's health care provider for guidelines. A dehydrated baby may have fewer wet diapers, no tears with crying, or a dry mouth. |
e278b80e6480a6134728053649a13ddd | How do I take my baby's temperature with a rectal thermometer? | To take a rectal temperature, first make sure the thermometer is clean. Wash it with soap and water or wipe it off with rubbing alcohol. Lay your baby on the belly or on the back with legs bent toward the chest. Apply a little bit of petroleum jelly around the thermometer bulb and gently insert it about 1 inch into the rectal opening. Hold the digital thermometer in place for about two minutes until you hear the "beep." Then gently remove the thermometer and read the temperature. |
6202530012505f0212548f55cd2b0038 | When should I call the doctor about my baby's fever? | According to the AAP, call your doctor if your baby: Is under age 3 months and has a fever; if your baby is under 2 months and has a fever, it is considered an emergency. Seek immediate medical care. Is lethargic and not responsive Has problems breathing or eating Is very cranky, fussy or difficult to calm down Has a rash Shows signs of dehydration, such as fewer wet diapers, dry mouth, no tears with crying, or sunken soft spot on the head Has a seizure It can be difficult for doctors to tell whether a newborn has a simple virus (like a cold), or a more serious infection (like UTI, pneumonia or meningitis). |
0bf8440f3768280caec52b1c576fe760 | What can I give my baby for a fever? | If your child is older than 6 months and your doctor says it is OK, you can give your baby either children's Tylenol or ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin). Never give babies aspirin for a fever because of the risk for a rare but potentially dangerous condition called Reye's syndrome. Also, do not give a baby under age 6 months Advil, Motrin, or other medicines that contain ibuprofen. Be sure to ask your doctor about the dosage and read the package instructions before giving your baby a fever-reducing medicine. |
6a86cc0305593841f43723c0e2c3839f | When does my baby have a fever? | Most doctors consider a rectal temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher as a fever. |
168aee0b4a815a36b34c014e7066845d | What are signs my baby has a fever? | Other causes of fever in babies include: Reaction to a vaccination Becoming overheated from being dressed too warmly or spending too much time outside on a hot day One common sign of fever in babies is a warm forehead, although not having a warm forehead doesn't mean that your baby doesn't have a fever. Your baby may also be crankier and fussier than usual. Other symptoms associated with fever in babies include: Poor sleeping Poor eating Lack of interest in play Less active or even lethargic Convulsions or seizures You can take a child's temperature a few different ways, such as via the rectum (rectally), mouth (orally), ear, under the arm (axillary), or at the temples. |
f7741482056dec7bca75008a2666a4a3 | How does the doctor know if my newborn has a virus or serious infection due to a fever? | Is lethargic and not responsive Has problems breathing or eating Is very cranky, fussy or difficult to calm down Has a rash Shows signs of dehydration, such as fewer wet diapers, dry mouth, no tears with crying, or sunken soft spot on the head Has a seizure It can be difficult for doctors to tell whether a newborn has a simple virus (like a cold), or a more serious infection (like UTI, pneumonia or meningitis). That's why doctors will sometimes order special tests (such as blood or urine tests, and/or a chest X-ray and spinal tap) to pinpoint the exact cause of an infant fever, and to look for more serious infections in young babies. |
7c4e92501f015ef05abe5e089e7d47e4 | What leg stretches can help with muscle cramps? | Medications that can cause muscle cramps include: Furosemide ( Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide ( Microzide), and other diuretics ("water pills") that remove fluid from the body Donepezil ( Aricept), used to treat Alzheimer's disease Neostigmine ( Prostigmine), used for myasthenia gravis Nifedipine ( Procardia), a treatment for angina and high blood pressure Raloxifene ( Evista), an osteoporosis treatment Terbutaline ( Brethine), albuterol ( Proventil and Ventolin), asthma medications Tolcapone ( Tasmar), which helps treat Parkinson's disease Statin medications for cholesterol, such as atorvastatin ( Lipitor), fluvastatin ( Lescol), lovastatin ( Mevacor), pravastatin ( Pravachol), rosuvastatin ( Crestor), or simvastatin ( Zocor) For a charley horse in the calf or a cramp in the back of the thigh (hamstring), try this stretch: Put your weight on the affected leg and bend your knee slightly. Or, sit or lie down with your leg out straight and pull the top of your foot toward your head. For a cramp in the front of the thigh (quadriceps), hold on to a chair to steady yourself and pull your foot back toward your buttock. |
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