answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 1
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| question
stringlengths 9
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stringlengths 1
5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"14.2%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.026 | As shown in A, encouragingly, the PSC based on 4 mol% Ni-doped α-Fe2O3 ETL exhibits a promising PCE (PCE=Voc×Jsc×FF100) of 14.2% with a Jsc of 22.35 mA/cm2, an Voc of 0.92 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 69.1%, outperforming the performance of the α-Fe2O3 device without doping (Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE are 20.88 mA/cm2, 0.90 V, 65.5%, and 12.3%, respectively.). | What is the value of PCE? | 14511 |
{
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1039/C8CS00029H | Some of the multinary compounds gained a reputation as efficient and quite universal photocatalysts with the activity close to or exceeding that of “classical” semiconductor photocatalysts – TiO2 and CdS, but many of such MC compounds were only scarcely tested in the solar cells; the layered zinc indium sulfide is probably the most vivid example. | What is ? | 24781 |
{
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"18.0%"
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR06899B | Both can efficiently retard the interface charge recombination, and thus result in a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0%, improved by 20% as compared to that (15.0%) of the device fabricated with the 1D-RTNRA film. | What is the value of PCE? | 2793 |
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"12.11mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.015 | After one week of aging, the JSC of the device decreased to 12.11mA/cm2 and the PCE maintained up to 4.642%, indicating the promising stability of the HPC-based CE. | What is the value of JSC? | 11956 |
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"SiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.mseb.2015.05.001 | Since the absorption for the films of FTO/compact NiO/mesoporous NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 with and without Au NRs@SiO2 is similar, the improved JSC can be ascribed to a reduced exciton binding energy with the incorporation of the metal nanoparticles, which results in the increased photo-generated free charge carriers In conclusion, Au NRs@SiO2 was introduced into the NiO thin film, acting as an antenna to increase charge separation in dye molecules with the SPR effect. | What is FTO? | 33717 |
{
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"8.15 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.physe.2015.02.023 | According to the results, The Jsc is increased from 6.9 to 8.15 mA/cm2 when the photoanode thickness is increased from 9 to 12 μm. | What is the value of Jsc? | 18050 |
{
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"2.117mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.123 | The best performing photovoltaic fiber in this study exhibits a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.117mAcm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.6932V, fill factor (FF) of 0.7015 and an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 1.029%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 17431 |
{
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"10.2%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4MH00236A | Considering that no sintering or annealing step is required for fabricating the ZnO layer, the device on a flexible ITO/PET substrate was prepared, yielding a Voc of 1.03 V, Jsc of 13.4 mA cm−2, FF of 0.739 and PCE of 10.2%. | What is the value of PCE? | 10680 |
{
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"Pt"
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM30832K | When Ni5P4/C was used as the CE, the DSC showed a high PCE of 7.54%, which was close to the performance of the Pt-DSC (7.76%). | What material has PCE of 7.76%? | 36116 |
{
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"14.2mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.01.095 | For example, the DSSC with a PET supported rGO/PPy CE yields a remarkable η=4.41%, Jsc=14.2mAcm−2, Voc=0.589V, and FF=0.527, which are much higher than the photovoltaic parameters obtained with pristine rGO CE based solar cell. | What is the value of Jsc? | 11688 |
{
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"10.6%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA10506H | In compliance with the integrals of EQEs over the standard AM1.5G emission spectrum (ASTM G173-03), dye SC-2 outputs an augmented JSC of 16.62 mA cm−2 and an enlarged VOC of 856 mV, yielding an ∼14% enhanced PCE of 10.6%, notwithstanding a slightly reduced FF of 74.5%. | What is the value of PCE? | 26434 |
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"7.58%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.032 | Consequently, the η of the tandem cell was raised to 8.29%, corresponding to an enhancement of 9.4% compared to that (i.e., 7.58%) of the individual JK2 DSSC. | What is the value of η? | 19467 |
{
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"0.87V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.079 | The device with a single CeOx layer as the ETL showed a very low PCE of 4.96% with a low Voc of 0.87V, a low Jsc of 10.12mAcm−2, and an FF of 56.51%. | What is the value of Voc? | 24149 |
{
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"18 h"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.006 | CA values increases with increase in dye adsorption time up to 18 h, indicating the well adsorption of N3 dye molecules onto the ZnO nanostructures (Fig. | What is the value of time? | 8980 |
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"MG"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.139 | When the NMG are employed as CEs, the DSSCs deliver a PCE of 8.11% (with a Jsc=15.65mAcm−2, Voc=0.736V and FF=0.704), which is obviously higher than that of nanomesh graphene-based DSSCs (7.03%), and even comparable to that of Pt CEs. | What material has Voc of 0.736V? | 35581 |
{
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"6"
]
} | 10.1039/C2TA00719C | 2(c) shows the decay of photocurrent to on–off irradiation under 1 sun illumination for the disulfide/thiolate electrolyte-based devices with a 6 μm TiO2 layer. | What is TiO2? | 27739 |
{
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"0.53%"
]
} | 10.1039/C2NJ40963A | The PCEs of the devices based on CZ(TDPP)2, DPA(TDPP)2, PTZ(TDPP)2 and FL(TDPP)2 are 1.50%, 0.53%, 0.75% and 0.78%, respectively.The synthetic route for the small molecules is shown in Scheme 2. | What is the value of PCE? | 31280 |
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"120s"
]
} | 10.1016/j.renene.2014.06.043 | When the sputtering time was increased from 30s to 120s, transmittance decreased from ∼88% to ∼60% over the entire 300–700nm range.Devices were first fabricated on FTO glass substrates using previously optimized conditions . | What is the value of time? | 33079 |
{
"answer_start": [
268
],
"text": [
"5.5%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.02.086 | Interestingly, the photoelectric performances will be enhanced by using the RGO–P25 composite materials, and when the RGO amount is 0.75 wt%, the corresponding energy conversion efficiency is the best one with Jsc of 12.16 mA cm−2, Voc of 674 mV, FF of 0.677 and η of 5.5%. | What is the value of η? | 29203 |
{
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"15.1±0.6%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.205 | Based on the identical fabrication method, the PSCs based on the bilayer TiOx/IO ETL yielded an enhanced PCE of 15.1±0.6%, which is mainly ascribed to improved FF of 69.9±3.4%, together with slightly increased JSC of 20.8±0.7mA/cm2, as compared with the pristine single-layer one. | What is the value of PCE? | 3204 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"0.77 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.011 | The electrolyte used was 0.6 M 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII), 0.0653 M LiI, 0.03 M I2, 0.28 M 4-tertbutylpyridine (TBP) and 0.05 M guanidium thiocyanate (GuSCN) in acetonitrile with efficiency as 4.11% The photovoltaic performances of two dyes were assessed in DSSCs based the electrolyte consists of 0.05 M I2, 0.05 M LiI, 0.5 M BMII, 0.1 M DMPII and 0.1 M GuSCN in acetonitrile with overall efficiency of 4.38% Electrolyte composed of 0.1 M lithium bis(tri-uoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) in acetonitrile gave efficiency of 10.7% Huiyang Li and co-workers used electrolyte containing 0.1 M lithium iodide, 0.6 M butylmethylimidazolium iodide (BMII), 0.05 M I2 and 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (4-TBP) in the mixed solvent of acetonitrile and 3-methoxypropionitrile (7:3, v/v) The organic electrolyte for DSSCs has been used by Xiaoqiang Yu and co-workers containing 0.06 M LiI, 0.03 M I2, 0.1 M guanidinium thiocyanate, 0.6 M 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (PMII), and 0.5 M tert-butyl-pyridine in acetonitrile | What is the value of Voc? | 37976 |
{
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"iodide/triiodide"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.194 | These Mo/W lines withstanded long-term stability when in contact with iodide/triiodide redox couple. | What is redox couple? | 26348 |
{
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"1.13%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.026 | DSSCs fabricated using N-719 gave VOC (0.661V) and ISC (2.657mA), reports an overall PCE of 1.13%. | What is the value of PCE? | 11206 |
{
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA10630D | Cs2CO3 (99.995%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.Devices were fabricated with the structure ITO/TAPC/CH3NH3PbI3/PC61BM/IML/Ag. | What is ITO? | 3024 |
{
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"7.8%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.10.024 | With the incorporation of Au@Ag (15 nm), the IPCE550–750/IPCE is remarkably increased to 46.9% and 47.8% for the devices with configurations #3 and #4, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 9620 |
{
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"7.37%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE02510A | Based on the pZA cross-linked ZnO CBL derived from ZnO NP solution containing 0.5 wt% zinc diacrylate (ZDA), the inverted PSCs composed of respective P3HT:PCBM and PTB7:PC71BM active layers achieved a PCE of 3.26% and 7.37%, respectively, while the PCE for the reference devices without pZA were 2.58% and 6.67% for P3HT:PCBM and PTB7:PC71BM active layers, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 26010 |
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"14.02mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.05.015 | When compared with WR8 (JSC=14.02mAcm−2), WR7 shows lightly lower JSC values of 12.96mAcm−2 due to the narrower IPCE responsive area. | What is the value of JSC? | 7072 |
{
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"2.7%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.poly.2014.10.026 | The compound 8 sensitized cell exhibited a maximum η value of 2.7%, Jsc= 6.6 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.59 V and ff = 0.69. | What is the value of η? | 7924 |
{
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"3.06%"
]
} | 10.1039/C2DT30482A | Using an ionic liquid based electrolyte, efficiencies up to η = 3.06% have been attained under 1 sun irradiation. | What is the value of η? | 6353 |
{
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"13.14 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.023 | With an optimized doping concentration of 20%, the values of JSC, VOC, FF and PCE were found to be 13.14 mA/cm2, 0.78 V, 60.18%, and 6.15%, respectively. | What is the value of JSC? | 17244 |
{
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"Pt"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.11.006 | In comparison, PCE, Jsc, Voc and FF of DSSC with Pt CE are 7.08%, 13.81 mA·cm−2, 0.76 V, and 67.45%, in the order given. | What material has Jsc of 13.81 mA·cm−2? | 35215 |
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.007 | The active area of the TiO2 photoanode film was 0.25 cm2, I−/I3− conductive electrolyte consisting of 0.5 M TBIE, 0.3 mol L−1 PMII, 0.05 mol L−1 I2 and 0.1 mol L−1 LiI, was added to the sandwich structures of photoanode and photocathode. | What is the value of active area? | 29050 |
{
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"7.28%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6NR01838F | Owing to these unique features of NGFs, when being applied as CEs for DSSCs, a higher PCE of 7.32% can be achieved, which is comparable to that with Pt CEs (7.28%). | What is the value of PCE? | 5681 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"I3−/I−"
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA07018F | The counter electrode was prepared by coating an FTO/glass slide with two drops of 0.01 M H2PtCl6 in ethanol and then heating in air at 400 °C for 15 minutes | What is redox couple? | 38178 |
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"0.42%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.004 | The 50 separate MAPbCl3 devices (black) and 86 separate MAPbCl2.4Br0.6 devices result in an average PCE of 0.24%± 0.04% and 0.42%± 0.06%, respectively (). | What is the value of PCE? | 33279 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"703 mV"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.107 | However, the light absorption in the visible region of the hybrid redox couple electrolytes could be avoided, which will be helpful to improve the performance of DSSCs.Under simulated AM1.5 solar spectrum illumination at 100 mW cm−2, the J-V curves of the fabricated DSSCs containing PMII/I2 (Electrolyte A), PMII/4-OH TEMPO (Electrolyte B), PMII/[Im-TEMPO][TFSI] (Electrolyte C) and PMII/[Im-bisTEMPO][TFSI] (Electrolyte D) are measured as shown in | What is the value of Voc? | 37975 |
{
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"9.74%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.116 | Cu-Ni-CoSex performed a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.74% than that of platinum CE (8.19%) in DSSC. | What is the value of PCE? | 24746 |
{
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"8.16%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.038 | FS01, FS03 and FS06 displayed lower conversion efficiencies (η) compared to N719; FS02 and FS04 displayed comparable efficiencies; while FS05 (8.16%) even outperformed N719. | What is the value of η? | 34270 |
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"8.43%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.089 | Therefore, thanks to these structural advantages, Cell-MMS demonstrated an optimal PCE of 8.43%, which is ∼40% improved than the commercial P25 based device (5.99%). | What is the value of PCE? | 30794 |
{
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"PTAA"
]
} | 10.1039/C4EE00942H | and Noh et al., using conjugated polymers PCBTDPP or PTAA respectively as the HTM, the cells gave a high VOC of 1.16 V (ref. | What is HTM? | 19933 |
{
"answer_start": [
184
],
"text": [
"CNFs"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.060 | The current density-voltage (J-V) performance of the DSSCs was investigated under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (I=100mWcm−2, PEC-L01, Peccell, Yokohama, Japan).The SEM images of pure CNFs, pure MnO2 and the different composites of MnO2/CNFs are shown in . | What material has illumination of 100mWcm−2? | 37396 |
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"P3HT-MWCNT"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.084 | Consequently, the champion device with P3HT-MWCNT composite HTL displays a further improved photovoltaic performance with a Voc of 1.21V, a Jsc of 13.35mAcm−2, a FF of 0.62, and a η of 10.01%. | What material has Jsc of 13.35mAcm−2? | 35869 |
{
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"5.62%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.125 | When 0.8wt% of Au NPs is used in the Au@MTNs photoanode, a power conversion efficiency (η) of 5.62% is achieved under the illumination of 100mWcm−2, which exhibits a 14% increase compared to the DSSC fabricated with pure a titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanode (4.93%); this enhancement is attributed to the plasmonic light trapping provided by the Au NPs.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received much attention over the past two decades due to their inherence of easy fabrication, possible low cost, and reasonable power conversion efficiency Plasmon is a promising new approach to enhance the light trapping properties of thin film solar cells However, to the best of our knowledge, the use of Au NPs inlaid MTNs for DSSCs has not been reported in literature. | What is the value of η? | 28863 |
{
"answer_start": [
256
],
"text": [
"19.20%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.041 | Systematical investigations reveal that SnO2 ETLs have high conductivity and transmittance and appropriate energy band level, by which PSCs obtain superior photovoltaic performance, with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) and steady-state PCE of 19.20% and 18.48% achieved, respectively, much higher than that of the devices using high temperature annealed TiO2 ETLs (16.61% and 15.03%). | What is the value of PCE? | 25870 |
{
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"0.45 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.mseb.2013.06.018 | The Jsc values linearly increased with the number of photo- and counter electrodes, while the Voc values slightly fluctuated between 0.38 and 0.45 V, which could be explained by a basic parallel circuit connection. | What is the value of Voc? | 25943 |
{
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"∼4"
]
} | 10.1039/C5CP01880C | The current was measured in 0.1 s and then integrated to obtain the QOC value.The sensitized films used in electrochemistry were prepared by screen printing ∼4 μm TiO2 directly on cleaned FTO substrates (TEC-15, Pilkington). | What is TiO2? | 3404 |
{
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"13.01%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.080 | However, devices based on spiro-OMeTAD demonstrate lower performance with PCE of 13.01%, a VOC of 0.96V, Jsc of 21.33mAcm−2, and a FF of 0.64. | What is the value of PCE? | 17841 |
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"9.1mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.025 | The cell exhibits a photoconversion efficiency of 3.6% (short circuit current density Jsc=9.1mAcm−2, open circuit voltage Voc=605mV, fill factorFF=0.65), thus accounting for the effective use as photoanode material for DSC application of the prepared flower-like ZnO structures.In the literature are reported several studies about the performances of ZnO-based photoanodes in DSCs. | What is the value of Jsc? | 31552 |
{
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"18.25%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.045 | The PCEs of PSCs are gradually improved with increasing Li-TFSI concentration, and PSCs based on 1.25 Li-hier-TiO2 shows the highest PCE of 18.25%. | What is the value of PCE? | 16396 |
{
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.035 | Moreover, hexyl substituted phenothiazine facilitates minimizing the aggregation and improving the PET mechanism in G10 and G11 followed by excited electron transfer toTiO2 leads more device efficiency and durability (In addition, the DSSC devices were fabricated using G10 and G11 sensitizers coated on TiO2 nanoparticles with liquid redox electrolyte followed the prior reported procedure. | What is ? | 23610 |
{
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.006 | The liquid electrolyte was composing of 0.1M tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), 0.1M tetramethylam-monium iodide (TMAI), 0.1M tetraethylammonium iodide (TEAI), 0.1M KI, 0.1M LiI, 0.1M NaI, 0.06M I2 in mixed organic solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetonitrile (NMP/AC=2/8).TiO2 colloid was prepared according to the literature and a layer of TiO2 nanocrystal anode film with a thickness of 10μm and an area of 0.25cm2 was prepared by coating TiO2 colloid onto conducting glass using a doctor blade technique The photocurrent–voltage (J–V) curves of the assembled quasi-solid-state DSSCs were recorded on an Electrochemical Workstation (Xe Lamp Oriel Sol3A™ Class AAA Solar Simulators 94023A, USA) under irradiation of a simulated solar light from a 100W xenon arc lamp in ambient atmosphere. | What is anode? | 5656 |
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"12.5%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.132 | The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 13.9%, 12.5%, 11.3% and 8.6%, depending on the crystallization temperature of 25, 40, 60 and 75°C, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 12316 |
{
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"0.481V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.002 | The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of DCF were 0.481V, 7.49mAcm−2, 0.27, and 0.98%, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 6360 |
{
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.002 | Spiro-OMeTAD (Sigma-Aldrich) was placed from a 30mM dichlorobenzene solution.Fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates (FTO, MCL Technology, Taiwan) were cleaned by washing with acetone, ethanol and isopropanol, respectively for 30min. | What is ? | 12899 |
{
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.11.026 | Finally, the metal cathode around 100 nm was deposited on the PCBM by thermal evaporation under the base pressure of 6×10−4Pa.The current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics were measured using a Keithley model 2440 source meter and a Newport solar simulator system with AM1.5G and 100 mW/cm2 illumination. | What is the value of solar? | 653 |
{
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"6.87%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA18121J | The reference DSSC based on a Pt CE showed Jsc of 13.51 mA cm−2, Voc of 737 mV, and FF of 0.69, displaying a PCE of 6.87%. | What is the value of PCE? | 15200 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"C"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.11.024 | Consequently, overall conversion efficiency (η) enhances from 2.17% to 3.18% with a 46% improvement. | What material has η of 3.18%? | 34902 |
{
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"55%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.04.033 | For the better performing electrolyte [Cu(3)2]+/2+, ancillary ligands 4 and 5 were also investigated, but ff values and photoconversion efficiencies remained low (ff≤55%, ƞ=0.54–0.64%). | What is the value of ff? | 21249 |
{
"answer_start": [
195
],
"text": [
"77.26%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.116197 | Inserting 2,2’-BiPy between the NiOx substrate and the perovskite layer leads to an enhanced device performance, especially FF, producing a PCE of 16.53% with JSC =19.81mA cm−2, VOC=1.08V and FF=77.26%. | What is the value of FF? | 13142 |
{
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"1.58%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.spmi.2017.01.003 | The photovoltaic parameters (Jsc, Voc, FF, and η) of a cell with 0.1M SnCl2 are 3.92mA/cm2, 0.70mV, 0.58, and 1.58%, respectively (). | What is the value of η? | 25697 |
{
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"NbSe2 NSs"
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA12349A | In the low-frequency region, the second semicircle is derived from the Nernst diffusion impedance (ZN) of I3−/I− in the electrolyte.As seen from Table 1, the Rs values for the NbSe2 NSs, NbSe2 NRs and NbSe2/C CEs are 27.72 Ω, 19.38 Ω and 24.07 Ω, respectively, higher than 8.15 Ω for the Pt CE. | What material has Rs of 27.72 Ω? | 36689 |
{
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"16.39%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA08655A | A significant improvement in the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE), from 12.88% to 16.39%, is observed, which is clearly the result of the improved film morphology. | What is the value of PCE? | 31085 |
{
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"0.665 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C8NJ00927A | As a result, P3 showed a slightly higher VOC of 0.671 V than NCSU-10 (0.665 V). | What is the value of VOC? | 6995 |
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1039/C2CP24137D | It made Alq3 concentrated on the surface of sensitized TiO2 and shortened the distance between ERD and acceptor dye, thus achieving a higher FRET efficiency. | What is ? | 7206 |
{
"answer_start": [
917
],
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.011 | The effective area of the solar cell was 0.1cm2.To study the processing windows of one-step and two-step method, perovskite films were prepared under three different conditions: (1) under a well-controlled glovebox with oxygen and moisture level less than 1ppm, noted as condition 1; (2) under a home-made glovebox with oxygen level higher than hundreds ppm and relative humidity (RH) of 20%, noted as condition 2; (3) under ambient air with RH of 70%, noted as condition 3.Perovskite films morphology evolution was studied by the Philips XL30 FEG scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed with a D2 Phaser instrument using CuKα (λ=0.154nm) radiation to study the perovskite crystal structure.The current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of perovskite solar cells were measured with a Keithley 2400 source meter under AM 1.5G solar illumination with an intensity of 100mW/cm2. | What is the value of illumination? | 18791 |
{
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.05.019 | The LUMO levels were greater than the conduction band of the metal oxide semiconductor (−3.8eV, TiO2), implying that excited electrons can be efficiently injected into the semiconductor. | What is semiconductor? | 19560 |
{
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.112 | The current density-voltage (i-V) data were collected by the electrochemical workstation with a scan rate of 0.2Vs−1 (VersaSTAT 3, Ametek, USA) under AM1.5G illumination (100mWcm−2, Newport 94021A) standardized by a standard Si solar cell (1218, Newport, USA). | What is the value of illumination? | 27420 |
{
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"1.01 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA04569G | The best device exhibits a PCE of 14.0%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.01 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.4 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.65. | What is the value of Voc? | 20897 |
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"Al"
]
} | 10.1039/C8RA03993C | Interestingly, devices with PCBM/TiOx/Al interface show improved FF of about 77.6% (reverse), PCE of ∼12.5% (reverse) and reduced Rs (10 Ω) compared to PCBM/Al interface based devices, which exhibit FF of about 61.2% (reverse), PCE of ∼9.7% (reverse) and about 12-fold higher Rs value of more than 130 Ω. | What material has Rs of 10 Ω? | 37677 |
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"PANI-c"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.023 | The PANI-c NRs CE based DSSC shows a VOC of 0.72V, JSC of 17.92mAcm−2, FF of 0.56, and an energy conversion efficiency of 7.23%. | What material has VOC of 0.72V? | 37724 |
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"0.16cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.02.017 | The active area of each solar cell is 0.16cm2.The current density versus voltage (J-V) characteristics of perovskite solar cell devices were recorded on a potentiostat (IVIUM, IviumStat). | What is the value of active area? | 28412 |
{
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"17.89mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.012 | The enhancement in the Jsc is due to the infrared light harvesting from infrared into the visible region, while the PCE of reference DSSC (without up conversion layer) is obtained 8.34% with the JSC of 17.89mAcm−2.The development of high efficiency photovoltaic (PV) devices has attracted considerable attention because the demand of energy in world-wide is increased day by day. | What is the value of JSC? | 2013 |
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"0.85 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA05497H | The best device without PS passivation layer shows 0.85 V Voc, 11.8 mA cm−2Jsc, 58.9% FF, and 5.9% η for the forward scan direction and 0.87 V Voc, 12.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 61.7% FF, and 6.6% η for the reverse scan direction. | What is the value of Voc? | 15930 |
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"7.90%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.12.031 | The DSSCs using Pt/PEDOT CE achieved a high PCE of 7.90%. | What is the value of PCE? | 32211 |
{
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"iodide/triiodide"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2013.02.009 | The liquid electrolyte is a widely used charge mediator: the iodide/triiodide redox couple (), in this case prepared as follows: 0.05 M I2, 0.5 M LiI, and 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in 3-methoxypropionitrile. | What is redox couple? | 33782 |
{
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"0.77 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA00929A | 8f), attained record efficiencies as high as 10.0% with a Jsc of 20.5 mA cm−2 and an impressive Voc of 0.77 V. | What is the value of Voc? | 15227 |
{
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"7.21%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6QM00271D | Also, other cells sensitized with dyes T3 and T4 exhibit attractive performances with η values of 7.21%, and 5.79%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 32916 |
{
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"882 mV"
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA06425A | With an optimized thickness for the mesoporous NiO layer of 40 nm, the best performance of the perovskite solar cell exhibited PCE of 9.11%, JSC of 16.27 mA cm−2 and VOC of 882 mV.In the following progress, we introduced a low-temperature sputtered NiOx film to form a pinhole less compact layer to prevent the charge collection losses caused by the solution-processed compact NiO layer. | What is the value of VOC? | 15794 |
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Pt"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.028 | The results show GFs could as a prospective alternative to the noble Pt CE and good support to evenly disperse Pt nanoparticles, thus, high efficiency with low amounts of Pt can be achieved.Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at | What is CE? | 28888 |
{
"answer_start": [
277
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1039/C2TA00688J | The main reason is its insulating properties which match with the Jsc values, while the TiO2 coating could improve the electrical conductivity and slow charge recombination.In summary, uniform and condense nanostructured TiO2 thin overlayers were successfully deposited onto a FTO substrate and a nanocrystalline TiO2 film applying a new PTS hydrolysis mechanism. | What is substrate? | 19147 |
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"570 mV"
]
} | 10.1039/C2EE23263D | However, the AN-based electrolyte E2 only rendered an efficiency of 1.1% with a lower JSC of 3.5 mA cm−2, as well as a lower VOC of 570 mV. | What is the value of VOC? | 18635 |
{
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"2.99%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.263 | The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with the laser-sintered TiO2 photoanode reached higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.20% for the TiO2 film thickness of 6 μm compared with 2.99% for the furnace-sintered. | What is the value of PCE? | 8551 |
{
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"N719"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC03542C | The ssDSC sensitized with Z907 yielded a VOC of 571 mV, JSC of 13.2 mA cm−2, FF of 0.61 and PCE of 4.63%; while that with N719 a VOC of 631 mV, JSC of 14.7 mA cm−2, FF of 0.68 and PCE of 6.32%. | What material has PCE of 6.32%? | 35829 |
{
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.12.025 | Except the DSSC with the TiO2—0 wt% anode, all DSSCs have a comparatively similar Voc value of 0.75 V. | What material has Voc of 0.75 V? | 36011 |
{
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"2.3%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA01894J | 2b), co-sensitized with an organic dye and using a cobalt-based electrolyte to enhance the photovoltage of the device, obtained an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of η = 12.3%, which is superior to any Ru-based device, thus stimulating investigation in the development of improved porphyrin analogues as sensitizers.Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are structurally related to porphyrins but are even more conjugated macrocycles that absorb in the far visible/near-IR region. | What is the value of η? | 34050 |
{
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.037 | Similarly, reported (SnO2 NFs–TiO2 NP) composite resulting in VOC as high as ≈790 mV with PCE ≈4.5%, a notable increment from 1.68% in pure SnO2 NP DSSCs. | What material has PCE of 4.5%? | 36430 |
{
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"720 mV"
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.11.058 | The DSSC based on counter electrode of PEDOT film containing 0.6 wt.% MWCNT coated with a spin rate of 370 rpm on stainless steel had the best conversion efficiency of 8.08%, with JSC, VOC, and FF values of 17.00 mA cm−2, 720 mV and 0.66, respectively. | What is the value of VOC? | 31395 |
{
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"1.03 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.021 | The inverted PVSCs with the structure of ITO/CuOx/MAPbI3/PC61BM/ZnO/Al are fabricated and show a best PCE of 17.43% under standard AM 1.5G simulated solar irradiation with a VOC of 1.03 V, a JSC of 22.42 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 0.76, which is significantly higher and more stable than that fabricated from the often used hole-transporting material PEDOT:PSS (11.98%) under the same experimental conditions. | What is the value of VOC? | 1617 |
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"6.15"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA09661H | 5a and b) and achieved a PCE of 6.15% (Table 1) for the resulting flexible PECs with impressive bending stability (Fig. | What is ? | 26123 |
{
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"5.12%"
]
} | 10.1039/C3NR04462A | The NM DSSC fabricated from nanorod microspheres shows a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 10.9 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 738 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 63.6%, leading to an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 5.12%, whereas the NC DSSC fabricated from nanocrystalline particles shows a higher efficiency of 7.00%. | What is the value of η? | 2702 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.041 | The shortest PL lifetime of the cell m2-TB demonstrate the most efficient of charge extraction/transport from perovskite film, which could be ascribed to the uniform TiO2-B ETL, giving rise to better contact and hole-blocking properties between ETL/perovskite interfaces.To understand the band alignment condition and separate procedure of electron-hole pair, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) was used to estimate the energy of conduction band minima (ECB) and valence band maxima (EVB) of TiO2-B ETL | What is substrate? | 37814 |
{
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"0.743V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.161 | The J-V characteristics of the fabricated device with NRs/NPs employed photoanode showed a PCE of ∼9% with Jsc of 19.08mA/cm2, Voc of 0.743V, and FF of 63.3%. | What is the value of Voc? | 14065 |
{
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"6.6%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.157 | By applying this CE for DSSC, photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.6% is achieved, which exceeds 6.5% of a reference cell using costly platinum as CE. | What is the value of PCE? | 7940 |
{
"answer_start": [
327
],
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.05.004 | What׳s more, the connection between the perovskite and the TiO2 film can also be improved due to the same perovskite structure of SrTiO3 layer thus resulting in an enhanced photogenerated current.In summary, benifiting from the TiO2 surface modification by SrTiO3, the morphology of perovskite film and light absorption of the CH3NH3PbI3 absorber have been improved effectively, and a faster charge transfer has also been achieved between the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer and the modified TiO2. | What is perovskite? | 14384 |
{
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Al"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.10.017 | The PHJ-PSCs with a simple inverted structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Al and without other buffer layers, e.g., C60, LiF, BCP, etc., were fabricated, and an PCE up to 14.26% could be obtained, which was much higher than the PCE (8.35%) of PHJ-PSCs fabricated by normal two-step sequential deposition. | What is ITO? | 14675 |
{
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"6.73%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.12.037 | Furthermore, DSCs based on Co-Ni-Se CEs generate a remarkable PCE of 7.38%, higher than that with Pt CE (6.73%), making them promising catalytic materials for DSCs.Nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O, AR), ethanol (AR), selenium oxide (SeO2, AR), potassium chloride (KCl, AR), acetone (AR), and cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O, AR) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd of China. | What is the value of PCE? | 6943 |
{
"answer_start": [
366
],
"text": [
"1.07 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C4NR04007D | In order to elucidate further electrical effects upon the addition of Cl, impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed for 0% and 10% samples, representative of the general trend displayed in Table 2 (Cl free sample showed 18.52 mA cm−2 of Jsc, 1.05 V of Voc, 0.58 FF and 11.27% of efficiency under 1 sun illumination and 10 mol% of the PbCl2 sample exhibited 1.07 V of Voc, 19.24 mA cm−2 of Jsc, 0.61 of FF and 12.55% of efficiency) under illumination. | What is the value of Voc? | 16391 |
{
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"53.21%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.04.039 | The open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and the energy conversion efficiency (η) of the standard DSSC were 0.752 V, 8.22 mA/cm2, 66.89%, and 4.13% respectively, while the Voc, Jsc, FF, and η of the synthesized TiO2 thin film based DSSC were 0.647 V, 5.66 mA/cm2, 53.21%, and 1.95%, respectively. | What is the value of FF? | 31665 |
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"21.5mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2018.10.020 | In the reverse scan mode, the Gu00 perovskite solar cell exhibits a Voc of 1.035V, Jsc of 21.5mAcm−2, FF of 69.1%, and PCE of 15.37%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 7881 |
{
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"14.87mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.09.001 | The power conversion efficiency of the DSSCs based on TLEP-1 (6.44%) and TLEP-2 (7.33%) was found superior to the DSSCs based on the reference dye SP (4.87%) and Z4 (5.73%), due to their more active photoresponse in broader wavelength region and more effectiveness in light harvesting, leading to significant improvement of Jsc (9.01, 10.35 and 14.87mAcm−2 for SP, Z4 and TLEP-2) under standard AM 1.5G solar illumination conditions. | What is the value of Jsc? | 30871 |
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