answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
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| question
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.01.006 | The device J-V curves were obtained by a calibrated solar simulator and a Keithly source meter, model 2450, Netherlands, using AM 1.5G filter at power intensity of 100mW/cm2, in the range of −1 to +1V reverse and forward bias. | What is the value of solar? | 16055 |
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Au"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC01870G | Finally, a 65 nm-thick Au top electrode was deposited by thermal evaporation for better ambient stability. | What is electrode? | 20909 |
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"11.04 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2011.08.010 | Consistent with the increased tendency of IPCE, the measured Jsc increases in the order of HB (9.64 mA/cm2) <HF (10.62 mA/cm2) <HT (11.04 mA/cm2) <HP (14.76 mA/cm2). | What is the value of Jsc? | 14432 |
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"0.64 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM15614H | Its VOC, JSC, and FF values were 0.64 V, 16.33 mA cm−2, and 0.71, respectively (the I–V curve was not shown here). | What is the value of VOC? | 31675 |
{
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"ITO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.067 | As shown in (d), the perovskite precursor film was deposited on ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrate by a conventional process [], then SCA was performed by closely pasting plastic tape on top of the perovskite precursor film and annealing at 80°C for a few minutes. | What is ? | 7426 |
{
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"NiSe2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.06.256 | The DSSC based on Ni0.5Fe0.5Se2 CE yielded a higher Jsc (15.03mA·cm−2) and FF (0.70) than those of NiSe2 (Jsc=12.88mA·cm−2, FF=0.67), FeSe2 (Jsc=10.09mA·cm−2, FF=0.62) and even Pt CEs (Jsc=13.82mA·cm−2, FF=0.68). | What material has Jsc of 12.88mA·cm−2? | 34808 |
{
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"4.2mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jmst.2013.02.004 | A short current density (Jsc) of 11.7mA/cm2 and an overall solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency (η) of 3.17% were achieved for the ZnO composite aggregate DSSCs, which were much higher than those obtained for the monodisperse aggregate DSSCs (Jsc=6.9mA/cm2, η=1.51%) and ZnO nanorod array DSSCs (Jsc=4.2mA/cm2, η=0.61%).ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received considerable attention from the research community during the past several years because the energy band gap and electron injection process of ZnO are similar to those of TiO2In this study, submicrometer-scale ZnO composite aggregate arrays of nanorods and nanoparticles (CA-ZnO) were prepared by simple wet-chemical route and studied as DSSCs photoanodes to fully accommodate all the above-described favorable characteristics of photoanodes.All the chemical reagents were in analytically pure form (purchased from Shanghai chemical Industrial Company) and used as-received without further purification. | What is the value of Jsc? | 33424 |
{
"answer_start": [
396
],
"text": [
"2.62%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.12.006 | The cell fabricated with the iminodibenzyl-substituted porphyrin sensitizer yields a short circuit photocurrent density of 9.68mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 740mV, and a fill factor of 73.48%, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) up to 5.26%, which is greater than those obtained by diphenylamine- and iminostilbene-substituted porphyrin-sensitized solar cells (η=4.05% and 2.62%, respectively). | What is the value of η? | 26963 |
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"0.28 cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2007.10.001 | The active area of the device exposed in light was 0.28 cm2 and the intensity used of xenon lamp was 450 W. | What is the value of active area? | 10996 |
{
"answer_start": [
130
],
"text": [
"1.85 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2011.02.024 | The open circuit photovoltages (VOC) of the GGC and the DSC with D131 were 1.11 V and 0.76 V, respectively, resulting in a VOC of 1.85 V and a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 7.63% for the tandem cell. | What is the value of VOC? | 28887 |
{
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"glass"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.10.012 | Finally, the photovoltaic performance of titania films directly grown on a conducting glass substrate was evaluated under the illumination of a solar simulator. | What is substrate? | 25303 |
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"gold"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.12.025 | Finally, a 100-nm-thick gold electrode layer was deposited by thermal evaporation. | What is electrode? | 15982 |
{
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA00596A | The short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (ff), and power conversion efficiency (η) of a conventional cell (TiO2 photoanode cell) were 10.38 mA cm−2, 0.756 V, 0.73, and 5.73%, respectively. | What material has VOC of 0.756 V? | 35790 |
{
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"7.8%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08650G | When it was employed as a CE electrocatalyst in DSSCs, cPTI-MCA-LiKCl-550 gives a good FF of 0.68, Voc of 0.749 V, and PCE of 7.8%. | What is the value of PCE? | 28604 |
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"17.66mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.12.004 | As can be seen all photovoltaic performance of the cell was successfully improved; being PCE=7.88%, JSC=17.66mA/cm2FF=0.63 and VOC=0.72. | What is the value of JSC? | 3724 |
{
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"MoS2 coupled rGO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.081 | From the EIS data, the Pt CE shows the higher Rct of 3.71Ωcm2 comparing to the MoS2 CE (2.86Ωcm2) and MoS2 coupled rGO (34.02Ωcm2). | What material has Rct of 34.02Ωcm2? | 36340 |
{
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA04762B | To the best of our knowledge, the achieved PCE (18.87%) is the highest conversion efficiency among the devices with the structure of FTO/compact TiO2/meso-porous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/HTM/Au employing small-molecular HTMs. | What is ? | 34112 |
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"4.4%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA07972E | The PCEs increase from 4.4% to 11.3%, while the layer thicknesses increase from 180 nm to 480 nm. | What is the value of PCE? | 31090 |
{
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"0.79 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.06.007 | In detail, at 20 nm the PCE increase is mainly ascribed to Voc (from 0.65 V to 0.79 V) and FF (from 55% to 66%) improvements, while at 68 nm the PCE increase is mainly contributed by Jsc improvement (from 3.71 mAcm−2 to 5.21 mAcm−2). | What is the value of Voc? | 7507 |
{
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA02474F | According to the reported sealing process, the photoanode coated on the FTO substrate was coupled with the flexible and soft TiO1.1Se0.9-3/CC electrode using the epoxy glue. | What is substrate? | 15150 |
{
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"0.73V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.072 | A typical device made with AN-Bu dye performed a maximal photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) 65% in the region of 350–510nm, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) 12.78mAcm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) 0.73V, and a fill factor (FF) 0.67, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 6.23%. | What is the value of Voc? | 32258 |
{
"answer_start": [
375
],
"text": [
"69.90"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.143 | Nevertheless, the DSSC based on the hierarchical porous TiO2 photoelectrode that was freeze-casted using a 10 vol.% slurry with 30 wt.% binder resulted in a higher photovoltaic performance (JSC= 6.44 mA/cm2,VOC= 0.720 V, FF= 78.57, and η= 3.64%) than the performance of the DSSCs based on conventionally screen-printed TiO2 photoelectrode (JSC= 5.36 mA/cm2,VOC= 0.688 V, FF= 69.90, and η= 2.57%). | What is photoelectrode? | 9733 |
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"14.32 ± 0.28%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR08344C | As a result, the performance of PSCs was enhanced obviously, and a relatively high PCE of 14.32 ± 0.28% was achieved by the PSCs prepared at 130/120 °C. | What is the value of PCE? | 33370 |
{
"answer_start": [
188
],
"text": [
"0.61 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.04.021 | For the ZnO NPls and NRs electrodes, the electronic parameters are in between those of NPs and MRs (NPl: Jsc= 3.45 mA cm−2, Voc=0.64 V, ff= 0.36 and η= 0.81%; NRs: Jsc= 2.15 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.61 V, ff= 0.38 and η= 0.50%). | What is the value of Voc? | 19382 |
{
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"0.09 cm2"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA01408F | The active area of each PSC is 0.09 cm2.The morphology and structure of BPQDs were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM, JEOL JEM-2100F) operated at 200 kV. | What is the value of active area? | 30460 |
{
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Au"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.11.008 | Finally, 40 nm Au was thermally deposited as top electrode, generating the active area of 0.08 cm2 for all devices.Perovskite films were imaged with a high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitachi S-4800). | What material has active area of 0.08 cm2? | 35698 |
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"9.42%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.062 | CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells prepared from PbI2 films without solvent treatment show an average Voc of 851mV, Jsc of 18.26mAcm−2, FF of 60.54%, and PCE of 9.42%. | What is the value of PCE? | 32658 |
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"15.84%"
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR06095A | The PCE decreases from 18.10% to 15.84% when spiro-OMeTAD is replaced with CT as the HTL, which is mainly due to the reduction in the VOC (FF) from 1.074 V (73.9%) to 0.980 (73.1%). | What is the value of PCE? | 22889 |
{
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"0.730 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.075 | The DSSC fabricated from graphene film CE shows low FF and poor cell efficiency, compared with that using Pt/FTO CE (Jsc= 9.92 mA/cm2, Voc= 0.730 V, FF= 69.00%, η= 5.00%). | What is the value of Voc? | 27880 |
{
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"65%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.optmat.2019.05.039 | The PSSC-3 built by the CH3NH3SnI3 sensitized Er3+@TNPs photoanode displays the photovoltaic parameters as follows: Voc=960mV, Jsc=16.44mA, FF=65% and η=10.23%. | What is the value of FF? | 29353 |
{
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"0 s"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08262E | However, interestingly, when the MAI loading time is further increased to 120 s, the PCE drops unexpectedly to only 7.05% due to the significant reduction in Jsc (15.65 mA cm−2) and FF (49.79%), where the Voc is still comparable to the best devices prepared with 60 s loading time. | What is the value of time? | 22949 |
{
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"0.09 cm2"
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA05422G | The exact illumination of the active area was fixed by attaching a thin metal shadow mask (0.09 cm2) from the back side during measurements. | What is the value of active area? | 33813 |
{
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"4 mm2"
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM33104G | The active area of the DSSCs was 4 × 4 mm2. | What is the value of active area? | 27841 |
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.042 | A solar simulator (SS50) providing an illumination of AM1.5G simulated visible light with 100mW/cm2 irradiation and a Keithley 2400 source meter were employed to measure the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of the assembled DSSCs. | What is the value of solar? | 3144 |
{
"answer_start": [
498
],
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.01.050 | The electrolyte used a mixture of 0.05 M iodide (I2), 0.10 M lithium iodide (LiI), 0.0025 M lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), 0.50 M of 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) and 0.60 M of 1-methyl-3-propylimidazodium iodide (MPI) in acetonitrile, which was injected into a drilled hole on the counter electrode and the drilled hole was sealed with a plastic seal covered by a glass slide.The DSSCs were analyzed by using a solar simulator class A (Peccell, PEC-L11, Japan) under air mass 1.5 and light intensity of 100 mW/cm2. | What is the value of solar? | 22816 |
{
"answer_start": [
314
],
"text": [
"0.751V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.142 | However, lowering I2 concentration can cause a slight decrease in JSC, as shown in the J–V curves in (a) indicates that the gel-electrolyte containing 10wt% of MSN exhibits the highest JSC of 11.36mAcm−2 with almost the same level of VOC as the others at 0.04M of I2 concentration; in addition, the highest VOC of 0.751V and an η of 5.45% with 0.02M of I2 concentration for quasi-solid-state DSSCs are obtained. | What is the value of VOC? | 30783 |
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.070 | After annealing, the TiO2 film was treated with a 40 mM TiCl4 solution as described above, rinsed with water and ethanol, and then sintered at 500 °C for 30 min. | What is ? | 12519 |
{
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"0.98 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA00539C | The photovoltaic performances of the PSCs fabricated from solution with DMSO and NMP are better than that from pure DMF (PCE = 12.79%, Jsc = 21.08 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.98 V, FF = 0.619). | What is the value of Voc? | 13015 |
{
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"400–700"
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA09775K | Large amount of incident light is being absorbed in the broader wavelength range of 400–700 nm for N-TiO2 photoanode as compared to 400–600 nm with TiO2 photoanode. | What is TiO2? | 11037 |
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"8.67%"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC05660A | The η of CA2 and CA3 were calculated from eqn (1), and were 8.67% and 8.32%, respectively, as reported in Table 8. | What is the value of η? | 12073 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"10.50mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.044 | However, when further increasing of the GNR content from 0.005 to 0.075wt%, all the functional parameters decrease as shown in | What is the value of Jsc? | 38755 |
{
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"6.02%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.02.006 | Furthermore, DSCs fabricated by APG103 and PG8 had the highest PCE of 6.02% and 7.08% among the prepared cells in their corresponding group. | What is the value of PCE? | 9302 |
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"XS54"
]
} | 10.1039/C3CC42121J | A typical cell based on XS54 has a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 13.5 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 850 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71, affording a PCE of 8.14%. | What material has VOC of 850 mV? | 36593 |
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.04.017 | DSSC based on the referenced TiO2 photoanode gives a JSC=17.01mAcm−2, VOC=0.73V, and FF=0.63, resulting in a PCE=7.82%. | What material has JSC of 17.01mAcm−2? | 34822 |
{
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"0.58 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA01277E | 3a shows the Nyquist plots of the PSCs recorded in the dark and with the applied voltage near the Voc (0.58 V). | What is the value of Voc? | 27227 |
{
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.042 | In other words, a thicker layer of the dye molecules would perturb the transport of the photogenerated electrons from the TiO2 layer to the FTO glass substrate.e and f, one can calculate the electron lifetime (τe) as follows:The electron lifetime increased with an increase in the electrospraying time, suggesting that a greater number of the photogenerated electrons diffused further, owing to the amount of dye adsorbed being higher.To determine the primary factor responsible for the observed improvement in the PCE of the DSSCs fabricated by electrospraying, the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra of the DSSCs were measured as functions of the incident-light wavelength. | What is substrate? | 22958 |
{
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"6.83%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA04704D | Dye JP3 extends the spectral response to 750 nm and the JP3 based-device has a higher power conversion efficiency (η) of 6.40%, which is slightly lower than that of YD2-O-C8 (6.83%) under the same conditions. | What is the value of η? | 18503 |
{
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"58.7%"
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR07225F | The optimized amount of UCNPs was found to be 40 wt%, which led to a Voc of 0.975 V, Jsc of 25.16 mA cm−2, FF of 58.7%, and a high PCE of 14.32%. | What is the value of FF? | 10954 |
{
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"0.491mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.10.003 | cotinifolia leaves, which cell parameters are Voc; 0.507V, Jsc; 0.491mAcm−2, FF; 60% and η; 0.150%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 22486 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"5.27%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.031 | It is observed that the surface morphology, crystallinity and light absorption properties of the perovskite films are not substantially affected by the under layer compact titanium dioxide (c-TiO2) or mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO2) layers | What is the value of PCE? | 38579 |
{
"answer_start": [
189
],
"text": [
"PtNi0.34"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.266 | According to Equation , where the fmax is the peak at the low-frequency range corresponding to the EIS Bode plots (b), the τ2 values are 5.41, 4.95, 8.71 and 3.56ms for various DSSCs using PtNi0.34, PtNi0.47, PtNi1.07, and Pt CEs (), respectively. | What is CEs? | 3760 |
{
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"44%"
]
} | 10.1039/C1CP20892F | However, in the presence of Au NPs in the ZnO thin film, we have observed higher photocurrent (Jsc = 261.87 μA cm−2) and fill factor (FF = 53%) compared to the ZnO NP DSSC (Jsc = 7.5 μA cm−2 and FF = 44%). | What is the value of FF? | 8447 |
{
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"8.27%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA04313A | The cell without an interface layer has achieved a PCE of 8.27% under the reverse voltage scanning, but a much lower PCE of 4.55% under the forward voltage scanning. | What is the value of PCE? | 4027 |
{
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"0 s"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08262E | On the other hand, the increase of the dielectric response of the sample with 120 s loading time at lower frequency is due to the ionic contribution from the uncoordinated ions with excess MA+. | What is the value of time? | 16271 |
{
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"6.75%"
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16265B | After adding a certain amount of TiO2 into ink, a power conversion efficiency (η, 100 mW cm−2) of 6.17% was achieved for PDSSC while that of Pt CE-based PDSSC was 6.75%. | What is the value of η? | 25569 |
{
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"20"
]
} | 10.1016/j.ica.2013.05.006 | 0.15 V) than with the free molecule, coherently with its decreased charge density due to the metal coordination.DSSCs have been prepared using the new dyes as photosensitizers and with a double layer TiO2 photoanode consisting of a transparent 20-nm particles (10 μm) and a scattering 150- to 250-nm particles layer (4 μm). | What is TiO2? | 29651 |
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3−xClx"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA08449D | Devices with a geometry of ITO/TiOx/perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3−xClx)/HTM (SAF-OMe 98)/Ag are fabricated to ensure the photovoltaic characteristics of SAF-OMe 98. | What is ITO? | 25981 |
{
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"6%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TC02610A | Flexible DSSCs were fabricated with the ITO/CuS NN composite films as CEs and titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNARs) as photoanodes, and obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6%, a short current density (Jsc) of 18.8 mA cm−2 and an open voltage (Voc) of 0.681 V. | What is the value of PCE? | 10240 |
{
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"0.714 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.072 | At the same time, the N719 sensitized DSSC gave a Jsc of 16.883 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.714 V and a FF of 0.655, resulted in a PCE of 7.896%, while the co-sensitized DSSCs N719+LD03 and N719+LD04 showed PCEs of 8.598% (Jsc= 17.673 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.736 V and FF = 0.661) and 8.955% (Jsc= 17.628 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.758 V and FF = 0.670), respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 25895 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"1.00±0.01 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.055 | Compared with the pristine PSCs, when the anti-solvent vapor is introduced in the annealing process, the performance of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx PSCs has been significantly improved | What is the value of VOC? | 38232 |
{
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"8.86%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.mssp.2019.03.021 | Based on these films, we fabricated all-inorganic, HTM-free CsPbBr3 PSCs with carbon electrode and achieved a champion PCE of 8.86%. | What is the value of PCE? | 11212 |
{
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"16.7"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA09661H | The additives facilitated the incorporation of the perovskite within a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold, as well as the growth of a uniform perovskite layer at the surface, which consequently improved the resulting PCE from 8.8 to 16.7% and particularly enhanced the device moisture stability when compared to pristine perovskite (Fig. | What is ? | 8271 |
{
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"6.46%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.07.002 | Values of Isc=2.53mAcm−2 and Voc=540mV were obtained, referring to a standard N719 cell (η=6.46%).A comparison of ZnPc sensitizers with different anchoring groups indicated that carboxylate groups were more superior to catechol, in terms of cell performance. | What is the value of η? | 8954 |
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.03.037 | 60 nm compact TiO2 blocking layer was spin-coated on the FTO substrate at 2000 rpm for 20 s using a mildly acidic titanium isopropoxide solution and heated at 200 °C for 5 min. | What is substrate? | 15803 |
{
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"1.5%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA26815C | 6a and Table 1, it can be assumed that the pristine and FWL-sintered ZnO NS photoanodes have a high density of surface states, causing a severe recombination of photogenerated electrons, which results in lower PCE values of 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 16716 |
{
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"I3−/I−"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apt.2017.08.012 | The larger pore volume as well as pore diameter of the material could facilitate the dye adsorption and the transport of I3−/I− redox couple which therefore influence the overall solar energy conversion efficiency EIS is an analytical technique used to measure the electrical properties of a particular material. | What is redox couple? | 10820 |
{
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"2.78 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.037 | Both DSSCs exhibit greater cell performance than that of simple D-π-A dye 3 (Jsc= 2.78 mA/cm2, η= 1.23%). | What is the value of Jsc? | 7646 |
{
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"5.21 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.056 | So, a certain amount of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) enhances the dye sensitized solar cell reducing the π-aggregates of the squaraine sensitizers, thus increasing the process of electron injection to the surface of titanium dioxide and increasing cell efficiency [ shows the values of Jsc=6.62 mA/cm2, Voc=0.53V, FF=0.71, η=2.46% and Jsc=5.21 mA/cm2, Voc=0.48V, FF=0.77, η=1.94% respectively, for squaraine sensitizers (SQIND-1 and SQIND-2) which are superior to squarylium dyes (dye1 & dye 2), Jsc=0.62 mA/cm2, Voc=0.27V, FF=0.47, η=1.03% and Jsc=0.03 mA/cm2, Voc=0.03V, FF=0.10, η=0.008% respectively revealing that the SQIND-1 and SQIND-2 sensitizers study of in the present article would be efficient squaraine sensitizers for DSSC and improved electron injection to TiO2 [So, the IPCE of SQIND-1 and SQIND-2 based DSSC are 34% and 27% respectively.The addition of CDCA with increased concentrations up to 9mM lead to increase values of JSC, VOC, and cell efficiency for both SQIND-1 and SQIND-2 showed the highest conversion efficiency than SQIND-2, (see ), because SQIND-1 sensitizer has alkyl group with a long chain in N-position of indoline which hinders the recombination of charge on TiO2 surface compared to SQIND-2, also, cause stronger electronic coupling between SQIND-1 and TiO2. | What is the value of Jsc? | 13479 |
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"0.16 cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.187 | The active area of cell was 0.16 cm2.The X-ray diffraction spectra of the pure and Cu-doped samples were measured by X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku-smart Lab) in the range of 20-80° using Cu-kα radiation. | What is the value of active area? | 9174 |
{
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"3.69%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA04879J | The best performing DSC contains the [Cu(1)(4)]+ dye combined with a [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ redox mediator; value of η = 3.47 and 3.69% for duplicate DSCs relative to η = 7.12% for an N719 reference DSC are the highest efficiencies achieved for a heteroleptic copper(I) sensitizer using our ‘surfaces-as-ligands’ approach. | What is the value of η? | 14966 |
{
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"85"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA09122B | With rapid progress in these future directions, we envision that MHHPs will ultimately enable a paradigm shift in perovskite technologies.HFZ acknowledges support from a Vanderbilt University Discovery grant, NSF EPSCOR (NSF EPS1004083), NSF BRIGE (EEC 1342185), and the Department of Education for Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship under grant number P0200A090323. | What is ? | 14787 |
{
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"77%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.09.017 | The high concentration HTM solution achieved only a 77% PFF and a lower cell efficiency. | What is the value of FF? | 15880 |
{
"answer_start": [
146
],
"text": [
"71.8%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.116 | An overall photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 1.8% was achieved with the DSSC based on the dye TCT-1(Jsc= 3.33 mA/cm2, Voc= 757 mV, FF = 71.8%) under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm2).Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensively investigated in the past decades as the third generation solar cell due to their simple fabrication process and low production cost. | What is the value of FF? | 256 |
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"Pt"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.066 | In comparison with 5.74% for traditional quasi-solid-state DSSC, the cell efficiencies with conducting gel electrolytes and Pt-free CEs are enhanced by 43.4% and 34.0%. | What is CEs? | 8071 |
{
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"Pt"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.07.120 | The experimental results demonstrated that In2.77S4-RGO hybrids CE exhibited a high powder conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.72%, which outperforms that of RGO CE (5.09%) and In2.77S4 CE (1.97%) and is higher than that of Pt CE (6.30%). | What material has PCE of 6.30%? | 34658 |
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"1.00V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.236 | When using 5%Y-NiO as a HTL, the device exhibited the champion performance with a Voc of 1.00V, a Jsc of 23.82mAcm−2, a FF of 68% and a PCE of 16.31%, resulting in a 27.62% enhancement in PCE in comparison with the device using a pristine NiO HTL. | What is the value of Voc? | 19320 |
{
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.05.012 | The photocurrent-voltage (J-V) characteristics were recorded on Keithley 2602 Source meter under 100 mW/cm2 simulated air mass (AM 1.5) solar light illumination. | What is the value of illumination? | 31911 |
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"52.20%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08375C | The Voc of 862.98 mV, FF of 52.20% for NC-Device increased to Voc of 937.52 mV, FF of 66.75% for SNC-Device. | What is the value of FF? | 8318 |
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"NMC-3"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.107 | When NMC-3 electrode is used as the counter electrode in DSC, the cell achieve a Voc of 0.71 V, Jsc of 15.46 mA cm−2, FF of 0.64, and η of 7.02%. | What material has Voc of 0.71 V? | 35109 |
{
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"3.78%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE02510A | Compared with the devices based on pure ZnO layers, the device with optimum AZO CBLs exhibits highest PCE of 3.78%, enhanced by ∼13.9% via improving Jsc from 10.73 to 11.12 mA cm−2 and FF from 53.7% to 60.8%. | What is the value of PCE? | 27707 |
{
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"1.01 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C7NR03963H | A further increase in the cycles of the FrGOs began to lower the PCE of the PeSC with the PEDOT + FrGO5: an VOC of 1.01 V, a JSC of 18.2 mA cm−2, a FF of 70.7%, and a PCE of 13.0%. | What is the value of VOC? | 2684 |
{
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"QCAPZ"
]
} | 10.1039/C8EE02744G | In 2016, Zhang's research group reported a novel n-type organic small molecule based on an azaacene derivative, namely QCAPZ (1,4,9,16-tetrakis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoxalino[2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′]cyclopenta[1′′,2′′,3′′:5′,6′]acenaphtho[1′,2′:5,6]pyrazino[2,3-b]phenazine) as an ETL material for inverted PSCs without the need of dopants or additives. | What is ETL? | 11405 |
{
"answer_start": [
402
],
"text": [
"54.80%"
]
} | 10.1039/C9CP01032G | The co-sensitized devices with DTP, i.e.N3 + DTP (η = 5.44% JSC = 14.25 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.62 V, and FF = 61.21%), and DTB, i.e.N3 + DTB (η = 5.43%, JSC = 13.13 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.61 V, and FF = 67.94%), showed a slightly higher PCE than the N3 dye alone (η = 5.39%, JSC = 14.39 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.60 V, and FF = 61.98%) whereas with DTNi.e., N3 + DTN (η = 5.32%, JSC = 14.63 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.66 V, and FF = 54.80%), it showed a lower PCE. | What is the value of FF? | 6958 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"18.2%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA00894E | With the additive, the morphology and crystallinity had been improved obviously, which is beneficial to enhance the performance of the solar cells | What is the value of PCE? | 38459 |
{
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"5.17%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7RA07644D | DSSCs that utilize the composites (NP/NF–ZnO film with an optimum concentration of 3.5 M) as photoanodes exhibited a greatly enhanced PCE of 6.54%, which was higher by 26.5% than that of DSSCs with NP/NF photoanode (5.17%), and by 69% than that of DSSCs with NP photoanodes (3.87%) with the same electrolyte.Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, Mw = 1300000), and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Ltd. | What is the value of PCE? | 15965 |
{
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"2h"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.08.003 | After 2h of chemisorption with CDCA a distinct contribution of J-aggregates became apparent accompanied by an extremely low optical density due to coadsorption of CDCA (In order to elucidate the progress of aggregation on TiO2 without any additives, the optical density of SQ-dye adsorbed from dichloromethane (0.25×10−4M) was measured as a function of the chemisorption time. | What is the value of time? | 31366 |
{
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.083 | A Xe lamp (CHF-XM500, Trust-tech, Beijing, China) was used to give an irradiance of 100mWcm−2. | What is the value of irradiance? | 20449 |
{
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"8.34%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.031 | The calculated steady state PCE for the mesoporous device and the planar device are 8.34% and 1.52%, respectively.EIS measurement was performed to investigate the interfacial charge transfer processes in the solar cells, and the obtained Nyquist plots of solar cells at a bias of 0.9V are shown in d. | What is the value of PCE? | 29913 |
{
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"titania"
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA19979H | The gel electrolytes or the electrolytes, obtained in the solution phase, were placed on the dye adsorbed titania working electrode and were rested for some time to ensure an effective diffusion of the electrolyte into the pores of the titania working electrode by leaving the electrolyte over the anode for 3–4 hours until the solvent evaporated and solution became gel-like. | What is anode? | 29231 |
{
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"Pt"
]
} | 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.037 | As a result, the DSSC based on the graphene/PEDOT:PSS counter electrode showed high power conversion efficiency of 7.86% under a simulated sunlight illumination of 100mWcm−2 (AM 1.5), which is comparable with the performance of the DSSC based on Pt counter electrode (7.31%).► The graphene flakes are highly dispersed on PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate) matrix. | What material has illumination of 100mWcm−2? | 36855 |
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"0.12 cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.045 | The thickness and active area of the films were controlled at ∼10 μm and 0.12 cm2 by pasting a plastic tape around the edge of the FTO substrate. | What is the value of active area? | 3927 |
{
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"0.713 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.120 | The DSSC employing pristine TiO2 anode shows a Jsc of 13.80 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.713 V, a FF of 66.2%, and a η of 6.51%. | What is the value of Voc? | 12399 |
{
"answer_start": [
495
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1039/C7QM00211D | 213–214 °C; IR (ATR): ṽ = 1592, 1532, 1305 cm−1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ = 1.40 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 6H), 3.27–3.30 (m, 4H, overlapping peak of residual proton in CD3OD), 4.52 (s, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H) ppm; 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD) δ = 8.71, 48.41, 55.82, 114.23, 119.58, 121.76, 141.41, 148.66, 153.74 ppm; HRMS (APCI): m/z (%): [M + H+] calcd for C11H17N2O4, 241.11828; found 241.11858.TiO2 paste (JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd, PST-18NR) was deposited on a fluorine-doped-tin-oxide (FTO) substrate by doctor-blading, and sintered for 50 min at 450 °C. | What is substrate? | 5198 |
{
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"4.5%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4EE01724B | To further ease their fabrication, researchers have successfully demonstrated low temperature (<150 °C), binder-free coating processes on plastic substrates, reporting η values as high as ∼8% for single cells and ∼3–4.5% for DSMs.The performance of DSCs improves from room temperature to ∼40 °C (ref. | What is the value of η? | 6658 |
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"9.05%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA02755E | Different additive amounts of TiO2–NaCo2O4 CNCs caused different device performances | What is the value of PCE? | 38177 |
{
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"555 mV"
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA12787H | The difference in the Jsc values mainly arises from variations in the ionic conductivity.The magnitude of the Voc is in the order of a-KH550 (630 mV) > a-KH570 (608 mV) > b-KH570 (594 mV) > naked SiO2 (555 mV) > without SiO2 (553 mV). | What is the value of Voc? | 26163 |
{
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3−xClx"
]
} | 10.1039/C4CC01962H | Compared to the CH3NH3PbI3−xClx cell with 15.4% PCE fabricated via vacuum deposition, the Voc and the FF of the spin-coated CH3NH3PbI3−xClx cells are significantly lower, due to the difficulty in controlling the morphology of the perovskite crystallites formed via a spin-coating process, leading to the lower PCE of 7.6%. | What material has PCE of 7.6%? | 35386 |
{
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"6.03%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.09.009 | The cell showed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.625V and a fill factor (ff) of 0.66, corresponding to an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 6.03%. | What is the value of η? | 24574 |
{
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"0.77%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.039 | For example, at a fixed mass ratio of TiO2 to Au (10:0.1), and a fixed rotation speed of the rotating chamber (6000rpm), the power conversion efficiency η increases from 0.77% (in test D1) to 0.90% (in test D3) as the duration of dry coating increases from 30 to 45min. | What is the value of η? | 6612 |
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"0.07cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.07.015 | The photovoltaic active area was 0.07cm2 defined by the mask area to ensure accurate PCE measurement. | What is the value of active area? | 5226 |
Subsets and Splits