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Lou Groza Award<EOT>1

Lou Groza Award

The Lou Groza Award is presented annually to the top college football placekicker in the United States by the Palm Beach County Sports Commission. The award is named after former Ohio State Buckeyes and Cleveland Browns player Lou Groza. It has been presented since 1992, with Joe Allison of Memphis receiving the inaugural award. The incumbent award holder is Zane Gonzalez of Arizona State. The award is part of the National College Football Awards Association coalition.

The Lou Groza Award is presented annually to the top college football placekicker in the United States by the Palm Beach County Sports Commission. The award is named after former Ohio State Buckeyes and Cleveland Browns player Lou Groza. It has been presented since 1992, with Joe Allison of Memphis receiving the inaugural award. The incumbent award holder is Zane Gonzalez of Arizona State. The award is part of the National College Football Awards Association coalition. == Winners == 1

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RAB3A<EOT>1

RAB3A

Ras-related protein Rab-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3A gene. It is involved in calcium exocytosis in neurons.

Ras-related protein Rab-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3A gene. It is involved in calcium exocytosis in neurons. == Interactions == RAB3A has been shown to interact with: RIMS1, UNC13A, RPH3A, and CHM.1

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SUNY Polytechnic Institute<EOT>1

SUNY Polytechnic Institute

The State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, commonly referred to as SUNY Polytechnic Institute or SUNY Poly, is a public research university with campuses in the town of Marcy in the Utica-Rome metropolitan area and Albany, New York. Founded in 1966 using classrooms at a primary school, SUNY Poly is New York's public polytechnic college. The Marcy campus, formerly the SUNY Institute of Technology, has a Utica, New York mailing address and was established in 1987. The Albany campus was formerly a component of the University at Albany, established in January 2003. SUNY Poly is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. The university offers over 30 bachelor's degrees, 15 master's degrees, and three doctoral degrees within five different colleges. SUNY Poly students come from across the state of New York, throughout the United States, and more than twenty other nations. More than 25,000 alumni enjoy successful careers in a wide range of fields.

The State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, commonly referred to as SUNY Polytechnic Institute or SUNY Poly, is a public research university with campuses in the town of Marcy in the Utica-Rome metropolitan area and Albany, New York. Founded in 1966 using classrooms at a primary school, SUNY Poly is New York's public polytechnic college. The Marcy campus, formerly the SUNY Institute of Technology, has a Utica, New York mailing address and was established in 1987. The Albany campus was formerly a component of the University at Albany, established in January 2003. SUNY Poly is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. The university offers over 30 bachelor's degrees, 15 master's degrees, and three doctoral degrees within five different colleges. SUNY Poly students come from across the state of New York, throughout the United States, and more than twenty other nations. More than 25,000 alumni enjoy successful careers in a wide range of fields. == History == Originally a graduate and upper-division (transfer) institution, SUNY Poly offered classes in temporary locations throughout Utica and at extension sites for several years until the first buildings were constructed on the permanent Marcy campus in the 1980s. In 2002, the SUNY Board of Trustees approved a mission change, enabling SUNY Poly to offer upper-division programs in professional, technological, and applied studies. In 2003, SUNY Poly admitted its first class of freshmen, becoming a four-year institution. This class graduated in May 2007. The university's name derives from the 2014 merger of the SUNY Institute of Technology and the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, formerly a component of the University at Albany. This merger created five colleges within the Institute, including the College of Arts & Sciences, the College of Engineering, the College of Health Sciences and Management, the College of Nanoscale Engineering, and the College of Nanoscale Science. Currently, the university offers programs in the disciplines, engineering, engineering technology, nanoscale science, nanoscale engineering, as well as nanobioscience and nanoeconomics programs at its Albany campus. Other programs and degrees in business administration, technology, nursing, design, professional studies, and the arts and sciences are offered at its Utica campus. The 2014 merger brought the first Ph.D program to the Utica campus in nanoscale science and nanoscale engineering, respectively. == Campuses == == Marcy == The Marcy campus occupies more than 400 acres, with major buildings, including three residential complexes, surrounded by trees and green landscape. The "west campus" property of more than 300 acres is reserved for the development of the Marcy NanoCenter. Construction and renovation projects totaling $100 million in recent years included a new student center, field house, and residence hall complex—all completed in 2011. There are two academic halls on campus: William R. Kunsela Hall and James H. Donovan Hall. Opened in March 2003, the Peter J. Cayan Library is on the southern portion of the campus. SUNY Poly does not list its Marcy campus on its Employment map. == Albany == Notable people who have visited the Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering include President Barack Obama and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Wozniak. It was announced in September 2015 that the campus would receive a 504-bed dormitory and new campus center, to open in 2018. == Academics == In 2014, SUNY Poly was organized into five colleges: College of Arts & Sciences College of Engineering College of Health Sciences and Management College of Nanoscale Engineering College of Nanoscale Science == Research == == Semiconductors and microchips == The Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering operates a pilot scale semiconductor fabrication plant in Albany, NY. == Cleanrooms == Currently, a US$250–300 million semiconductor manufacturing research facility known as the Computer Chip Commercialization Center or "Quad-C" is being constructed on the Marcy campus. The research facility will host companies including GlobalFoundries, SEMATECH and Lam Research, who will lease space in the building owned by the university. The project is expected to be completed in mid-2015. == Manufacturing == Unique to the university, the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering is building a $750 million, 1.2 million sq. ft. (111,480 m²) solar panel manufacturing facility, to be leased by SolarCity in Buffalo, New York. The facility would be the largest solar panel factory in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the largest in the world, and would employ over 3,000 workers. The project is expected to be completed by 2016. The Marcy Nanocenter, a manufacturing facility for microchips and wafer fabrication, is slated to begin construction within 2016. The facility will be directly located across from the Marcy campus of the Institute. == Student life and governance == == Residence halls == Three residence halls are on the Marcy campus, including the oldest, Adirondack Residence Hall, Mohawk Residence Hall, constructed in the late-1990s and located on the northern portion of campus, and Oriskany Residence Hall, completed in 2011. Students attending the Albany campus reside in CrestHill Suites in downtown Albany. == Athletics == SUNY Poly is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III, the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), and the North Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC). The current roster of SUNY Poly varsity sports includes baseball, softball, and men’s and women’s basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, and volleyball. SUNY Poly's athletic nickname is the Wildcats. The Wildcat Field House, completed in 2011, features a state-of-the-art fitness center, two full-sized basketball courts and four volleyball courts, indoor practice facilities for all Wildcat teams, a running track, an expansive training room, team rooms, and offices for the athletics department’s administrative staff and coaches. New athletic fields were also constructed as part of the field house project.1

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Creep On Creepin' On<EOT>Kid Koala chats with us about his chaotic party show Vinyl Vaudeville, his new album Music To Draw To: Satellite and working on . Kid Koala chats with us about his chaotic party show Vinyl Vaudeville, his new album Music To Draw To: Satellite and working on . <doc-sep> General CommentI'm not completely sure, but all the lyrics add up to this being about The Exorcist, or at least demonic possession in general: the levitating bed, the ectoplasm, the profanity . . . 1

Creep On Creepin' On

Creep On Creepin' On is the fourth studio album by Timber Timbre, released on April 5, 2011 on Arts & Crafts. The album was recorded in a variety of locations, including a converted church. The album was supported by a variety of concert dates in Ontario, Quebec and New York. It debuted at #21 on the Canadian Albums Chart, and was a shortlisted nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize. Kirk described the album as "...a certain effort to be obscure and dark and scary and kind of menacing ... and it was almost to the point of kitsch, but not... there was an awareness and irony about it, almost to the point of it being a Halloween doo-wop mix tape or something — Monster Mash kind of shit."

Creep On Creepin' On is the fourth studio album by Timber Timbre, released on April 5, 2011 on Arts & Crafts. The album was recorded in a variety of locations, including a converted church. The album was supported by a variety of concert dates in Ontario, Quebec and New York. It debuted at #21 on the Canadian Albums Chart, and was a shortlisted nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize. Kirk described the album as "...a certain effort to be obscure and dark and scary and kind of menacing ... and it was almost to the point of kitsch, but not... there was an awareness and irony about it, almost to the point of it being a Halloween doo-wop mix tape or something — Monster Mash kind of shit." == Track listing == == Personnel == Taylor Kirk - vocals, electric guitar, baritone guitar, piano, drums, percussion Mika Posen - vocals, violin Simon Trottier - vocals, electric guitar, lap steel guitar, baritone guitar, autoharp, percussion Colin Stetson - bass clarinet, tenor saxophone, C-melody saxophone, baritone saxophone, bass saxophone Katherine Peacock - accordion Mathieu Charbonneau - piano, harpsichord, organ1

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Centralcasting<EOT>1

Centralcasting

In terrestrial radio and television broadcasting, centralcasting refers to the use of systems automation by which customised signals for broadcast by multiple individual stations may be created at one central facility.

In terrestrial radio and television broadcasting, centralcasting refers to the use of systems automation by which customised signals for broadcast by multiple individual stations may be created at one central facility. == Definition == Centralcasting is a form of broadcast automation which operates on the presumption that large quantities of content are similar and are handled in a consistent or repetitive manner across multiple stations in a broadcast station group. While each individual station has its own digital on-screen graphic logo, call sign and identity, much of the content on a typical affiliate station consists of a common television network or syndicated programming with a small number of local broadcast programming time blocks employed for television news and sports television coverage, public affairs programming or local television commercials. Traditionally, many operations at an individual broadcast station were handled manually by broadcast engineering technicians at the local station. Network feeds would arrive by satellite; these would contain time cues to indicate when the station could switch to a prerecorded local station break from a videotape recorder, a local station ID from a character generator or a local program such as a newscast. Syndicated programming would arrive separately, either recorded in advance from satellite for tape delay or transported on prerecorded media. Local advertisements would be stored on tape cartridges ("carts") which would need to be inserted in the correct timeslots manually. A station could not operate unattended, even if it were merely retransmitting a network television programme originated elsewhere. Broadcast automation relies on computers to store and retrieve video, largely eliminating the use of individual videotapes and allowing switching and retrieval of stored programming, advertising and titles to take place automatically. The server would operate from stored playlists, in which each programme, each commercial advertisement, each live or network feed and each station break had been configured in advance. == Central control == In some cases, broadcasters have operated groups of multiple stations at the regional or national level from one central facility, removing many tasks which were formerly done locally. These operations normally take one of two forms: A fully centralised operation may have local stations which function as little more than a local news bureau and a transmitter site. The local station sends its news footage to the central hub, which inserts it (along with local advertising and station identifiers) into a national network or syndicated programming feed. All video is stored in one central location. The resulting broadcast video streams are centrally assembled then sent directly to local station transmitters by the central hub. A less-centralised approach involves installing servers at local broadcast station sites which may be controlled either locally or remotely. The central hub would be able to send video to the local station, along with playlist information, and local facilities would then be used to store and rebroadcast programming. == Non-broadcast operations == Many traffic and operations tasks, such as acquiring programming, selling advertisements, scheduling and keeping records of what was broadcast and billing advertisers take place behind the scenes, yet are also suited to automation and central operation by regional broadcast station groups. If computers handle scheduling of individual broadcasts, advertisements and local identification, a computerised record of what has been broadcast can easily be extracted for use at a central location to bill advertisers for broadcast time. Central operation of non-broadcast business functions removes the need for these tasks to be carried out at each of the multiple local stations. == Advantages == For some broadcasters, centralisation of broadcasting operations has reduced the number of people required to operate a station, with some saving in cost. This must be carefully balanced, however, against the cost of the extra communications links required from the local station to the hub; these often are optical fibre, microwave or (occasionally) satellite and can be costly if large amounts of digital video must be carried great distances. By shifting many of the control tasks to a central hub, centralcasting may also reduce the investment which must be made in equipment for each individual local station in the group for upgrades such as digital television broadcasting as less equipment is required at each local station site. Centralcasting can also be used as a way to control a station's local operations remotely during off-hours (such as late night, where there may be no one or just a skeleton crew at the local site). This can allow a station to operate on an "auto-pilot" basis during off-hours in which it otherwise may have needed to sign-off. == Drawbacks == An over-reliance on automation (and a reduction in the number of people at the local station) may leave an individual station less able to respond to local breaking news, such as tornadoes or other natural disasters which require local, live and immediate coverage. Individual local stations must also retain enough equipment to handle Emergency Alert System messages, routing them automatically to any remote locations being used to encode the final broadcast signals. The use of large amounts of centrally assembled programming may also reduce local diversity, turning a station into little more than a semi-satellite of a main broadcaster in another city. In some cases, individual stations in a group will legally need to maintain nominal main studios in or near their respective communities of license but will originate little or nothing from these facilities once most broadcast-related tasks become centralised. Broadcast centralisation can create problems when one station in the group is sold (as the local master control functions which had been centralised must be restored before the local station is a viable stand-alone entity). There also needs to be some means to remain on-air locally if the link to the central hub is lost, lest a single point of failure take down all stations in the regional group. == Users == Individual users of centralcasting facilities include: ION Media Networks began centralcasting in 2013, and plans to control nearly all owned-and-operated stations from its Clearwater, Florida broadcast facility. Cox Media Group uses centralcasting. Cowles Publishing Company's three Washington stations (which include KNDO and KNDU and their SWX Right Now channels), are operated from a centralcasting facility at flagship station KHQ-TV. Equity Media Holdings operated a unique C.A.S.H. (Central Automated Satellite Headend) system which allowed it to programme all of its stations nationwide from one central hub in Little Rock, Arkansas. Individual station sites in the system were little more than satellite-fed broadcast translators. This system, once one of the largest examples of central broadcast automation, was shut down as a result of Equity's 2009 chapter 11 bankruptcy. Fisher Communications uses centralcasting. Fox Television Stations centralcasts from Las Vegas, Nevada, a market in which they don't own a station. Gannett centralcasts its NBC & My Network TV stations from Jacksonville, Florida and its ABC & CBS Stations from Greensboro, NC Hearst Television uses centralcasting. KQED originates six digital subchannels of programming for sister stations KQEH San Jose and KQET Watsonville-Monterey, California in a tapeless/file-based automated operation. Meredith Corporation controls all of its stations from two hubs. Stations east of the Rockies are operated from WGCL in Atlanta, Georgia, and all of its stations out West are controlled from KPHO in Phoenix, Arizona. NBC owned and operated stations use centralcasting. Newport Television (now defunct) operated New York Digital CentralCasting facilities at WSYR-TV Syracuse to serve former Ackerley stations in Binghamton, Elmira, Rochester and Watertown with additional regional hubs serving Oregon and California stations. Nexstar Media Group uses centralcasting. Post-Newsweek Stations centralcasts from Jacksonville, Florida. Some PBS member stations are using centralcasting facilities on a limited scale as a means to deploy additional digital subchannels and remotely monitor unattended overnight broadcast operations. PBS SoCal is locating its technical facilities at the Centralcast location in the Los Angeles Sawtelle district Radio-Canada generates individualised French language television feeds for each of multiple Canadian time zones from one facility in Montreal Raycom Media uses centralcaasting. Sinclair Broadcast Group uses centralcasting. Time Warner Cable operates four 24-hour cable news channels (YNN Central New York, YNN Rochester, YNN Buffalo, and YNN Capital Region) from two hubs, one (for news anchoring) in Albany and the other (for all weather operations) in Syracuse. While the news channels mostly use different anchors for each station, all four stations get their weather forecasts from the same team of meteorologists. Tribune Broadcasting centralcasts its stations. WCNY-TV, the PBS station based in Central New York State, hosts Centralcast LLC, which broadcast PBS content to over 20 stations in over 9 states. This represents 40% of PBS content in the USA. The majority of Wisconsin Public Television's operations for its six full-power and translator television stations originate from the public broadcaster's Madison, Wisconsin facility, with the other stations in the network mainly maintaining only basic engineering and studio operations in their city of license. This arrangement is common for statewide PBS and NPR networks such as Kentucky's KET, Nebraska's NET, Georgia Public Broadcasting in the state of Georgia, and OETA serving the state of Oklahoma. America's First was Alabama Public Television in 1955. == Controversy == Some groups, such as Sinclair Broadcast Group, have attempted to centralise not only routine operational tasks but also the production of local news. The News Central format, which Sinclair abandoned in 2006, involved inserting small blocks of local content into an otherwise-national newscast, which would then be presented to local viewers as having been generated at the local station. The resulting product contains largely the same content (and potentially the same journalistic biases) in each market in which it appears, raising objections from proponents of localism and opponents of concentration of media ownership. The reduction in local broadcast-related jobs as tasks are moved to central locations has also drawn objections from trade unions.1

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Happy-clappy<EOT>1

Happy-clappy

Happy-clappy, or Happy clappers, is a derogatory term referring to a style of Christian worship particularly evident in Evangelical churches. This style of worship involves joyful congregational worship songs, often accompanied by acoustic guitars and drums in which the congregation clap along to the rhythm of the song, or raise one or both hands in the air, and occasionally dance. Christian critics of this style of worship, such as the former Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie, object to what they perceive as simply the rousing of emotion rather than properly focusing on God. Supporters counter that this style is more relevant and therefore accessible to ordinary people. Unlike many derogatory terms, it has not been adopted by groups that practice it, who prefer to call it "charismatic" or "spirit-led" worship.1

Happy-clappy, or Happy clappers, is a derogatory term referring to a style of Christian worship particularly evident in Evangelical churches. This style of worship involves joyful congregational worship songs, often accompanied by acoustic guitars and drums in which the congregation clap along to the rhythm of the song, or raise one or both hands in the air, and occasionally dance. Christian critics of this style of worship, such as the former Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie, object to what they perceive as simply the rousing of emotion rather than properly focusing on God. Supporters counter that this style is more relevant and therefore accessible to ordinary people. Unlike many derogatory terms, it has not been adopted by groups that practice it, who prefer to call it "charismatic" or "spirit-led" worship.1

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Niels Desein<EOT>1

Niels Desein

Niels Desein (born 9 June 1987) is a Belgian tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He was born in Ghent, Belgium, and currently resides in Wondelgem, Belgium.

Niels Desein (born 9 June 1987) is a Belgian tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He was born in Ghent, Belgium, and currently resides in Wondelgem, Belgium. == Juniors == Desein reached as high as No. 4 in the combined junior world rankings in May 2005. Junior Slam results: Australian Open: - French Open: 1R (2005) Wimbledon: 3R (2004, 2005) US Open: 2R (2004) == Professional tour == His career-high ATP rankings are World No. 164 in singles in July 2010 and World No. 182 in doubles in August 2009. His favourite surface is clay. == Challenger & ITF Singles titles == 1

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Agoraphobia<EOT>To find a clinical trial near you, you can visit ClinicalTrials.gov . This is a searchable registry and results database of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world. ClinicalTrials.gov gives you information about a trial’s purpose, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details. This information should be used in conjunction with advice from health professionals. <doc-sep> One additional layer to the problem is that families often do not take their children for treatment or help of any kind because of the social shame it would bring to them. That means that means that a large portion of these hikikomori simply live in isolation without help or guidance for years. Check out one of the articles I cited from Maggie Jones at the New York Times for some of the interventions that organizations in Japan are trying: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/15/magazine/15japanese.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 . 1

Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away. These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home. Being in these situations may result in a panic attack. The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months. Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations. In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes. Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger. In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder. Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder. Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve. Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT results in resolution for about half of people. Agoraphobia affects about 1.7% of adults. Women are affected about twice as often as men. The condition often begins in early adulthood and becomes less common in old age. It is rare in children. The term "agoraphobia" is from Greek ἀγορά, meaning a "public square" and -φοβία, -phobia, meaning "fear".

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives the environment to be unsafe with no easy way to get away. These situations can include open spaces, public transit, shopping malls, or simply being outside the home. Being in these situations may result in a panic attack. The symptoms occur nearly every time the situation is encountered and last for more than six months. Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations. In severe cases people may become unable to leave their homes. Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition often runs in families, and stressful events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger. In the DSM-5 agoraphobia is classified as a phobia along with specific phobias and social phobia. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include separation anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder. Those affected are at higher risk of depression and substance use disorder. Without treatment it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve. Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT results in resolution for about half of people. Agoraphobia affects about 1.7% of adults. Women are affected about twice as often as men. The condition often begins in early adulthood and becomes less common in old age. It is rare in children. The term "agoraphobia" is from Greek ἀγορά, meaning a "public square" and -φοβία, -phobia, meaning "fear". == Signs and symptoms == Agoraphobia is a condition where sufferers become anxious in unfamiliar environments or where they perceive that they have little control. Triggers for this anxiety may include wide-open spaces, crowds (social anxiety), or traveling (even short distances). Agoraphobia is often, but not always, compounded by a fear of social embarrassment, as the agoraphobic fears the onset of a panic attack and appearing distraught in public. Most of the time they avoid these areas and stay in the comfort of their safe haven. This is also sometimes called "social agoraphobia", which may be a subtype of social anxiety disorder. Agoraphobia is also defined as "a fear, sometimes terrifying, by those who have experienced one or more panic attacks". In these cases, the sufferer is fearful of a particular place because they have experienced a panic attack at the same location at a previous time. Fearing the onset of another panic attack, the sufferer is fearful or even avoids a location. Some refuse to leave their homes even in medical emergencies because the fear of being outside of their comfort areas is too great. The sufferers can sometimes go to great lengths to avoid the locations where they have experienced the onset of a panic attack. Agoraphobia, as described in this manner, is actually a symptom professionals check when making a diagnosis of panic disorder. Other syndromes like obsessive compulsive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder can also cause agoraphobia. Essentially, any irrational fear that keeps one from going outside can cause the syndrome. Agoraphobics may suffer from temporary separation anxiety disorder when certain other individuals of the household depart from the residence temporarily, such as a parent or spouse, or when the agoraphobic is left home alone. Such temporary conditions can result in an increase in anxiety or a panic attack or feeling the need to separate themselves from family or maybe friends. Another common associative disorder of agoraphobia is thanatophobia, the fear of death. The anxiety level of agoraphobics often increases when dwelling upon the idea of eventually dying, which they may consciously or unconsciously associate with being the ultimate separation from their emotional comfort and safety zones and loved ones, even for those who may otherwise believe in some form of afterlife. == Panic attacks == Agoraphobia patients can experience sudden panic attacks when traveling to places where they fear they are out of control, help would be difficult to obtain, or they could be embarrassed. During a panic attack, epinephrine is released in large amounts, triggering the body's natural fight-or-flight response. A panic attack typically has an abrupt onset, building to maximum intensity within 10 to 15 minutes, and rarely lasts longer than 30 minutes. Symptoms of a panic attack include palpitations, rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tightness in the throat, and shortness of breath. Many patients report a fear of dying or of losing control of emotions and/or behaviors. == Causes == Although the exact causes of agoraphobia are unknown, some clinicians who have treated or attempted to treat agoraphobia offer plausible hypotheses. The condition has been linked to the presence of other anxiety disorders, a stressful environment, or substance abuse. Research has uncovered a link between agoraphobia and difficulties with spatial orientation. Individuals without agoraphobia are able to maintain balance by combining information from their vestibular system, their visual system, and their proprioceptive sense. A disproportionate number of agoraphobics have weak vestibular function and consequently rely more on visual or tactile signals. They may become disoriented when visual cues are sparse (as in wide-open spaces) or overwhelming (as in crowds). Likewise, they may be confused by sloping or irregular surfaces. In a virtual reality study, agoraphobics showed impaired processing of changing audiovisual data in comparison with nonsuffering subjects. == Substance induced == Chronic use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills such as benzodiazepines has been linked to onset of agoraphobia. In 10 patients who had developed agoraphobia during benzodiazepine dependence, symptoms abated within the first year of assisted withdrawal. Similarly, alcohol use disorders are associated with panic with or without agoraphobia; this association may be due to the long-term effects of alcohol misuse causing a distortion in brain chemistry. Tobacco smoking has also been associated with the development and emergence of agoraphobia, often with panic disorder; it is uncertain how tobacco smoking results in anxiety-panic with or without agoraphobia symptoms, but the direct effects of nicotine dependence or the effects of tobacco smoke on breathing have been suggested as possible causes. Self-medication or a combination of factors may also explain the association between tobacco smoking and agoraphobia and panic. == Attachment theory == Some scholars have explained agoraphobia as an attachment deficit, i.e., the temporary loss of the ability to tolerate spatial separations from a secure base. Recent empirical research has also linked attachment and spatial theories of agoraphobia. == Spatial theory == In the social sciences, a perceived clinical bias exists in agoraphobia research. Branches of the social sciences, especially geography, have increasingly become interested in what may be thought of as a spatial phenomenon. One such approach links the development of agoraphobia with modernity. Factors considered contributing to agoraphobia within modernity are the ubiquity of cars and urbanization. These have helped develop the expansion of public space, on one hand, and the contraction of private space on the other, thus creating in the minds of agoraphobic-prone people a tense, unbridgeable gulf between the two. == Evolutionary psychology == An evolutionary psychology view is that the more unusual primary agoraphobia without panic attacks may be due to a different mechanism from agoraphobia with panic attacks. Primary agoraphobia without panic attacks may be a specific phobia explained by it once having been evolutionarily advantageous to avoid exposed, large, open spaces without cover or concealment. Agoraphobia with panic attack, though, may be an avoidance response secondary to the panic attacks due to fear of the situations in which the panic attacks occurred. == Diagnosis == Most people who present to mental health specialists develop agoraphobia after the onset of panic disorder. Agoraphobia is best understood as an adverse behavioral outcome of repeated panic attacks and subsequent anxiety and preoccupation with these attacks that leads to an avoidance of situations where a panic attack could occur. Early treatment of panic disorder can often prevent agoraphobia. Agoraphobia is typically determined when symptoms are worse than panic disorder, but also do not meet the criteria for other anxiety disorders such as depression. In rare cases where agoraphobics do not meet the criteria used to diagnose panic disorder, the formal diagnosis of agoraphobia without history of panic disorder is used (primary agoraphobia). == Treatments == == Therapy == Systematic desensitization can provide lasting relief to the majority of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. Disappearance of residual and subclinical agoraphobic avoidance, and not simply of panic attacks, should be the aim of exposure therapy. Similarly, systematic desensitization may also be used. Many patients can deal with exposure easier if they are in the company of a friend on whom they can rely. Patients must remain in the situation until anxiety has abated, because if they leave the situation, the phobic response will not decrease and it may even rise. A related exposure treatment is in vivo exposure, a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy method, that gradually exposes patients to the feared situations or objects. This treatment was largely effective with an effect size from d = 0.78 to d = 1.34, and these effects were shown to increase over time, proving that the treatment had long term efficacy (up to 12 months after treatment). Psychological interventions in combination with pharmaceutical treatments were overall more effective than treatments simply involving either CBT or pharmaceuticals. Further research showed there was no significant effect between using group CBT versus individual CBT. Cognitive restructuring has also proved useful in treating agoraphobia. This treatment involves coaching a participant through a dianoetic discussion, with the intent of replacing irrational, counterproductive beliefs with more factual and beneficial ones. Relaxation techniques are often useful skills for the agoraphobic to develop, as they can be used to stop or prevent symptoms of anxiety and panic. == Medications == Antidepressant medications most commonly used to treat anxiety disorders are mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Benzodiazepines, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and tricyclic antidepressants are also sometimes prescribed for treatment of agoraphobia. Antidepressants are important because some have antipanic effects. Antidepressants should be used in conjunction with exposure as a form of self-help or with cognitive behaviour therapy. A combination of medication and cognitive behaviour therapy is sometimes the most effective treatment for agoraphobia. Benzodiazepines, antianxiety medications such as alprazolam and clonazepam, are used to treat anxiety and can also help control the symptoms of a panic attack. If taken in doses larger than those prescribed, or for too long, they can cause dependence. Side effects may include confusion, drowsiness, light-headedness, loss of balance, and memory loss. == Alternative medicine == Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been studied as a possible treatment for agoraphobia, with poor results. As such, EMDR is only recommended in cases where cognitive-behavioral approaches have proven ineffective or in cases where agoraphobia has developed following trauma. Many people with anxiety disorders benefit from joining a self-help or support group (telephone conference-call support groups or online support groups being of particular help for completely housebound individuals). Sharing problems and achievements with others, as well as sharing various self-help tools, are common activities in these groups. In particular, stress management techniques and various kinds of meditation practices and visualization techniques can help people with anxiety disorders calm themselves and may enhance the effects of therapy, as can service to others, which can distract from the self-absorption that tends to go with anxiety problems. Also, preliminary evidence suggests aerobic exercise may have a calming effect. Since caffeine, certain illicit drugs, and even some over-the-counter cold medications can aggravate the symptoms of anxiety disorders, they should be avoided. == Epidemiology == Agoraphobia occurs about twice as commonly among women as it does in men. The gender difference may be attributable to several factors: sociocultural traditions that encourage, or permit, the greater expression of avoidance coping strategies by women (including dependent and helpless behaviors), women perhaps being more likely to seek help and therefore be diagnosed, and men being more likely to abuse alcohol in reaction to anxiety and be diagnosed as an alcoholic. Research has not yet produced a single clear explanation for the gender difference in agoraphobia. Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia affects roughly 5.1% of Americans, and about 1/3 of this population with panic disorder have comorbid agoraphobia. It is uncommon to have agoraphobia without panic attacks, with only 0.17% of people with agorophobia not presenting panic disorders as well. == Society and culture == See List of films featuring mental illness: Agoraphobia == Notable cases == Will Friedle (b. 1976) American actor, known for role of Eric in Boy Meets World Woody Allen (b. 1935), American actor, director, musician Kim Basinger (b. 1953), American actress Earl Campbell (b. 1955), American pro football player Macaulay Culkin (b. 1980), American actor, known for his portrayal of Kevin McCallister in Home Alone and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, said he had "self-diagnosed" agoraphobia. Paula Deen (b. 1947), American chef, author, and television personality H.L. Gold (1914–1996), science fiction editor – as a result of trauma during his wartime experiences, his agoraphobia became so severe that for more than two decades he was unable to leave his apartment. Towards the end of his life, he acquired some control over the condition. Daryl Hannah (b. 1960), American actress Howard Hughes (1905–1976), American aviator, industrialist, film producer and philanthropist Olivia Hussey (b. 1951), Anglo-Argentine actress Shirley Jackson (1916–1965), American writer – her agoraphobia is considered to be a primary inspiration for the novel We Have Always Lived in the Castle. Elfriede Jelinek (b. 1946), Austrian writer, Nobel Prize laureate in Literature in 2004 Bolesław Prus (1847–1912), Polish journalist and novelist Peter Robinson (b. 1962), British musician known as Marilyn Brian Wilson (b. 1942), American singer and songwriter, primary songwriter of the Beach Boys, a former recluse and agoraphobic who has schizophrenia1

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John Swanson (bridge)<EOT>1

John Swanson (bridge)

John C. Swanson, Jr. (born 1937) is an American bridge player living in Lancaster, California. Swanson has won 1 Bermuda Bowl, and 5 North American Bridge Championships.

John C. Swanson, Jr. (born 1937) is an American bridge player living in Lancaster, California. Swanson has won 1 Bermuda Bowl, and 5 North American Bridge Championships. == Bridge accomplishments == == International Events == Bermuda Bowl (4) 1977 First 1975 Second 1973 Fourth 1971 Sixth World Open Pairs (1) 1978 Fifth == ACBL == Team Trials (5) 1976 First 1974 First 1972 First 1970 First 1969 Second North American Bridge Championship Wins (5) Grand National Teams (2) 1974, 1976 Vanderbilt (2) 1969, 1977 Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams (1) 1970 North American Bridge Championship Runners-Up (2) Nail Life Master Open Pairs (1) 1968 Spingold (1) 1973 == Writing == Southern California Bridge News, Bidding Forum Moderator 1978-1987 Western Conference Contract Bridge Forum, Bidding Forum Moderator 2009–present Author, “Inside the Bermuda Bowl” (1998) The Bridge World, contributor ACBL Bulletin, contributor Recap Bridge, Co-author (1972, 1973) == Bridge Theory == Co-developer of the Walsh System1

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Shalaya Kipp<EOT>Have you been “Back to Boulder?” It’s a question being posed by the University of Colorado Boulder Alumni Association to its family of more than 250,000 students and alumni. Alumni, current students, faculty, staff and community members will find a broad slate of activities for the 2012 Homecoming weekend starting Thursday, Nov. 1. A full description of activities and events as well as event registration can be found on the Back to Boulder website at http://www.cualum.org/back2boulder . Read more A huge range of activities will be offered during the University of Colorado’s 2013 Back to Boulder Homecoming Weekend Oct. 24-27 for alumni, students, faculty, staff and community members. A full description of activities and events as well as event registration can be found on the Back to Boulder website at http://alumni.colorado.edu/backtoboulder . Read more 1

Shalaya Kipp

Shalaya Kipp (born August 19, 1990 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American middle distance runner who has made the U.S. Olympic team for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 3000 meter steeplechase.

Shalaya Kipp (born August 19, 1990 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American middle distance runner who has made the U.S. Olympic team for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 3000 meter steeplechase. == Career == == 2016 == Kipp scored points for team Philadelphia placing 3rd in 9:45.05 steeplechase at July 29th Track Town Summer Series in Eugene, Oregon and finished 4th in a time of 9:34.12 after hitting a barrier at July 23rd London Diamond League steeplechase. Kipp ran a personal best 9:28.72 to place fourth in steeplechase behind Team USA teammates Emma Coburn, Courtney Frerichs and Colleen Quigley at 2016 United States Olympic Trials (track and field) and is an alternate to represent  United States at Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Kipp opened her outdoor season May 1 running a steeplechase at Payton Jordan Invitational to place third in 9:43.72 and on May 20 she placed second in 9:42.31 in the steeplechase at USATF Hoka One One Middle Distance Classic hosted at Occidental College. On March 12, 2016 Shalaya Kipp placed third in women 3000 meters in 8:59.85 at 2016 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships. == 2015 == Shalaya ran a pr 1500 at Payton Jordan Invitational in 4:14. Shalaya won the Portland track festival steeplechase. Kipp earned a CU graduate scholastic honors by making the 4.0 club. Kipp finished 6th in 9:37.09 at 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships steeplechase. At the 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships Kipp placed 6th in 9:37.09 to qualify for the NACAC Championships in Costa Rica where she earned a silver medal. Shalaya finished 2nd in 9:49.96 at 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto. == 2014 == Kipp earned a Pac-12 student athlete honors on April 22. Kipp won the steeplechase in Pullman, Washington (10:04.19) on 17 May. Kipp earned All-American with a 5th-place finish (9:48.90) in Eugene, Oregon on 13 June. Kipp placed 7th at 2014 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships steeplechase with a 9:46.57 in Sacramento, California heat approaching 95 degrees. == 2013 == Kipp was 3rd at 2013 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships steeplechase with a time of 9:46.83. Kipp qualified for the 2013 World Championships in Athletics by placing third at the U.S. Championship in the 3000 meter steeplechase with a time of 9:46.83 and combined her place with a qualifying time of 9:37.23 to place 4th at Monaco. At the 2013 World Championship, Kipp finished 9th in her prelim with a time of 9:45.97. Kipp ranked 13th in the world in the steeplechase in 2013. == 2012 == Kipp was the NCAA outdoor steeplechase champion in 2012 with a time of 9:49.91. Kipp qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics by placing third at the U.S. Olympic trials in the 3000 meter steeplechase with a time of 9:35.73. She beat her personal best by more than 7 seconds and achieved the Olympic A standard for the first time. At the 2012 Olympics, Kipp finished twelfth in her heat with a time of 9:48.33 and did not qualify for the final. == 2011 == Kipp finished 9th in the final at 2011 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in 10:01.85. == Personal life == She is the only child of Ron Kipp and Shannon Clay-Gillette born on August 19, 1990. Kipp attended Skyline High School in Millcreek, Utah. Collegiate Honors: 2010, 11, 12, 14 Steeplechase All-American 2014 (i) 5000 All-American 2010 (40th), 11 (19th), 12 (18th), 13 (9th) Cross Country All-American Three-time All-Big 12 honoree Pac-12 Steeplechase Champion (2012) Placed ninth at the 2011 USATF Championships in the steeplechase Placed third at the 2012 U.S. Olympic Team Trials (9:35.73) 2012 Olympian (steeplechase) She currently lives in Boulder, Colorado, and is studying physiology at University of Colorado Boulder. She was also a competitive alpine ski racer for 10 years before focusing on track and field.1

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Ullens Center for Contemporary Art<EOT>1

Ullens Center for Contemporary Art

The Ullens Center for Contemporary Art (Abbreviation: UCCA; simplified Chinese: 尤伦斯当代艺术中心; traditional Chinese: 尤倫斯當代藝術中心; pinyin: yóu lún sī dāng dài yì shù zhōng xīn) is a non-commercial contemporary art museum situated in Beijing, China. Founded by Belgian art collector baron Guy Ullens and his wife Myriam Ullens, the UCCA was officially opened on November 5, 2007. The center, located at the heart of the 798 Art District, was reconstructed by French architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte in collaboration with Qingyun Ma who leads the Chinese architectural office MADA SPAM. The building covers a floor space of 8,000 square meters with 31-foot-high ceilings. With its contemporary arts library (one of the first libraries of its kind in China) and three large art galleries, the center is annually visited by upwards of one million people.

The Ullens Center for Contemporary Art (Abbreviation: UCCA; simplified Chinese: 尤伦斯当代艺术中心; traditional Chinese: 尤倫斯當代藝術中心; pinyin: yóu lún sī dāng dài yì shù zhōng xīn) is a non-commercial contemporary art museum situated in Beijing, China. Founded by Belgian art collector baron Guy Ullens and his wife Myriam Ullens, the UCCA was officially opened on November 5, 2007. The center, located at the heart of the 798 Art District, was reconstructed by French architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte in collaboration with Qingyun Ma who leads the Chinese architectural office MADA SPAM. The building covers a floor space of 8,000 square meters with 31-foot-high ceilings. With its contemporary arts library (one of the first libraries of its kind in China) and three large art galleries, the center is annually visited by upwards of one million people. == Exhibitions == UCCA’s four main spaces play host each year to around fifteen exhibitions of varying scale. Educational and interpretive programs expand the reach of these displays, bringing viewers into closer contact with the ideas behind the work on view. As an international museum operating on Chinese soil, UCCA has a focus on recent developments and historical movements in Chinese contemporary art, pairing this with exhibitions devoted to major trends and figures from around the region and the world. == Highlights == The Center has presented more than a hundred exhibitions and attracted more than 4 million visitors. Beginning its curatorial program with “85 New Wave: The Birth of Chinese Contemporary Art”, it has presented large-scale group shows “Breaking Forecast: 8 Key Figures of China’s New Generation Artists” (2009), “ON | OFF: China’s Young Artists in Concept and Practice” (2013), and “Hans van Dijk: 5000 Names” (2014); along with solo exhibitions “Liu Xiaodong: Hometown Boy” (2010), “Wang Jianwei: Yellow Signal” (2011), “Gu Dexin: The Important Thing Is Not The Meat” (2012), “Wang Xingwei” (2013), “Xu Zhen: a MadeIn Company Production” (2014), and “Liu Wei: Colors” (2015) It has also presented the international surveys “Inside A Book A House of Gold: Artists’ Editions for Parkett” (2012), “Indian Highway” (2012), “DUCHAMP and/or/in CHINA” (2013), and “The Los Angeles Project” (2014). It has served as a platform for the works of Olafur Eliasson, Tino Sehgal, Tatsuo Miyajima, Taryn Simon, and Sterling Ruby, introducing China to these significant figures in contemporary art. On the 11th of February 2017, the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art received the 2016 Global Fine Art Awards for Best Contemporary / Postwar / SoloArtist “Rauschenberg in China”. == Public programs == Though its public programs, the center offers a meeting place for exchange, communication, study, and the sharing of interest, knowledge, and passion. Offering a wide range of events including talks and forums, art cinema, live performances, workshops, and family and school programs, UCCA’s Public Programs Department takes art as a starting point to provide content in many fields and on different levels. == UCCASTORE == UCCASTORE maintains a program of limited editions, having collaborated with more than forty artists to produce specially commissioned works. It also showcases the work of cutting-edge designers, offering a wide range of original products. == Education, Creative Studio == The UCCA Creative Studio is an art education program for children 2 to 11 years old. The studio’s curriculum incorporates: Regular Classes, Creative Workshops, and the Discovery Area. The curriculum takes a comprehensive approach to cognitive development through learning about perception, reflection, creation, and expression in the arts. == Site and history == Spread over three factory chambers built in the early 1950s to Bauhaus-influenced designs, UCCA's spaces maintain traces of their industrial past. Fully renovated by architects Jean-Michel Wilmotte and Qingyun Ma in 2007, it is a space capable of hosting international exhibitions of the highest caliber. With a total area of 8,000 square meters, it encompasses four main exhibition spaces including the signature Great Hall, the Central Gallery, the Nave, and the Long Gallery, == Criticism == In May 2014, Chinese artist Ai Weiwei accused the UCCA of self-censorship when curators decided to omit his name from a public newsletter announcing the opening of an exhibition in memory of artist/curator Hans van Dijk. Ai had originally contributed three works to the exhibition, including the first piece he ever exhibited in Europe as part of an exhibition curated by van Dijk in 1993, but removed the works during the opening ceremony, "in defiance of UCCA's portrayal of Chinese contemporary art.”1

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Disney's Activity Center<EOT>1

Disney's Activity Center

Disney's Activity Center are a series of games released by Disney Interactive which provide customers with various activities and minigames to be completed, using aspects of their licensed property. In 1996, Madeline Thinking Games was released, a game developed by Creative Wonders. In 1997, a knock-off of the series entitled All Dogs Go to Heaven: Activity Center was developed by Roaring Mouse Entertainment and published by MGM Interactive as a tie-in to the Don Bluth Entertainment film All Dogs Go to Heaven. In 2000, The Land Before Time: Activity Center was released, a game developed by Sound Source Interactive. In 2000, LucasArts educational spin-off company Lucas Learning released Star Wars: Yoda's Challenge Activity Center to coincide with the release of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, which according to Daily Herald was in the same vein as the Disney's activity centre video game tie-ins to its movies.

Disney's Activity Center are a series of games released by Disney Interactive which provide customers with various activities and minigames to be completed, using aspects of their licensed property. In 1996, Madeline Thinking Games was released, a game developed by Creative Wonders. In 1997, a knock-off of the series entitled All Dogs Go to Heaven: Activity Center was developed by Roaring Mouse Entertainment and published by MGM Interactive as a tie-in to the Don Bluth Entertainment film All Dogs Go to Heaven. In 2000, The Land Before Time: Activity Center was released, a game developed by Sound Source Interactive. In 2000, LucasArts educational spin-off company Lucas Learning released Star Wars: Yoda's Challenge Activity Center to coincide with the release of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, which according to Daily Herald was in the same vein as the Disney's activity centre video game tie-ins to its movies. == List of games == == Critical reception == On AllGame, Disney's The Lion King Activity Center received 3.5 stars, Disney's Aladdin Activity Center received 3.5 stars, Disney's Toy Story Activity Center received 3.5 stars, Disney's Winnie the Pooh Activity Center received 3.5 stars, Disney's 102 Dalmatians Activity Center received 3.5 stars, Disney's Dinosaur Activity Center received 2 stars, Disney's Tigger Activity Center received 3 stars, and Disney's Tarzan Activity Center received 3 stars. The Boston Herald thought that by 1999, the titles had become predictable cash-ins to Disney movies, who would generally have voice actor replacements and the same structure as previous games in the series; the newspaper also commented that Activity Centre games were one part of the triad (along with the "action game" and the "print studio." that Disney Interactive would generally release with each new film. Knight Ridder thought the Tarzan triad weren't groundbreaking yet fun enough to keep kids entertained, deeming the Activity Centre as a pleasant diversion. The Herald News thought the series was catered toward children and kept them in mind during the design process. The Washington Post considered the games as tie-ins that Disney was cranking out at the time, strictly for fans of the film properties. == Commercial performance == Aladdin was the 3rd most popular education game in the week ended December 2, 1995, and 4th most popular in the Macintosh category in the week ended December 9, 1995. The Lion King was the most popular title in the Macintosh category in the week ended February 3, 1996, the 2nd most popular title in the Macintosh category in the week ended March 5, 1996, and the 8th most popular in the week ended May 4, 1996. Tarzan was the 4th top selling education title in the week ended July 17, 1999.1

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Enneacampus ansorgii<EOT>1

Enneacampus ansorgii

Enneacampus ansorgii, the African freshwater pipefish, is a pipefish in the family Syngnathidae (pipefishes and seahorses. It is widely distributed in coastal rivers and streams of Western Africa, being found in both slow and fast flowing water.1

Enneacampus ansorgii, the African freshwater pipefish, is a pipefish in the family Syngnathidae (pipefishes and seahorses. It is widely distributed in coastal rivers and streams of Western Africa, being found in both slow and fast flowing water.1

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Peggy Guggenheim: Art Addict<EOT>1

Peggy Guggenheim: Art Addict

Peggy Guggenheim: Art Addict is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Lisa Immordino Vreeland about art collector Peggy Guggenheim. The film premiered on April 20, 2015 at the Tribeca Film Festival. Clips from Maya Deren's unfinished film The Witch's Cradle (1943) are featured in this documentary, since Deren made the film with Marcel Duchamp at Guggenheim's Art of This Century gallery.

Peggy Guggenheim: Art Addict is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Lisa Immordino Vreeland about art collector Peggy Guggenheim. The film premiered on April 20, 2015 at the Tribeca Film Festival. Clips from Maya Deren's unfinished film The Witch's Cradle (1943) are featured in this documentary, since Deren made the film with Marcel Duchamp at Guggenheim's Art of This Century gallery. == Reception == The film received very positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 94% rating based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. Metacritic reports a 65 out of 100 rating, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".1

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Margaret G. Reid<EOT>1

Margaret G. Reid

Margaret Gilpin Reid (1896 – 1991) was an economist in the area of household production, housework and non-market activities.

Margaret Gilpin Reid (1896 – 1991) was an economist in the area of household production, housework and non-market activities. == Life == Margaret Gilpin Reid was born in 1896 in Cardale, Manitoba in Canada, and completed a degree in Home Economics at the University of Manitoba in 1921. She received her PhD from the University of Chicago in 1931 titled The Economics of Household Production. She taught at Connecticut College, Iowa State College (Iowa State University) and later the University of Chicago, where she received tenure as a Professor of Home Economics and Economics. She became emeritus in 1961. Reid served as an economic advisor to the Division of Statistical Standards during 1943 and 1944. She served as the Head of Family Economics for the Department of Agriculture. She returned to academia in 1948 as a full professor in economics at the University of Chicago. She was also a member of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities. == Economics == Margaret G. Reid was a pioneer in the research on the importance of non-market activities, especially of the household for the economy. Her work included household production and consumption, relationships between health, income and productivity and housework. Her first book, Economics of Household Production, was published in 1934. Reid, like her PhD advisor Hazel Kyrk, sought to theorize the productive contribution made by domestic activities within the household. She was arguing for a national accounting that included non-market activities to better mirror economic activities. Furthermore, she called for the recognition of unpaid work and delivered a pragmativ definition for work itself as activities that have a positive utility and could be transferred through a market (even if they are not produced for a market). Feminist economists would later argue that this work was underappreciated and even ignored, pointing out its similarity to Gary Becker's 1965 Nobel-prize winning theory of time allocation. After becoming emeritus, she continued to research and write until her death in 1991. In later years her work was preoccupied with the relationship between demographic factors such as age, race, health, and income, and productivity and consumption. The American Economic Association named Reid a Distinguished Fellow in 1980, recognizing her as a "truly tireless colleague" whose contributions to the field were complemented by a "felicitous sense of humour." In 1996 Feminist Economics devoted an issue to recognizing her research.1

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Montour School District<EOT>Your weather is set to . You can change the location at any time. <doc-sep> Over the past year several commentators have questioned the authority of the Board to promulgate regulations that establish Statewide high school graduation requirements. Several expressed concern that section 1611 of the School Code (24 P. S. § 16-1611) vests the authority to award academic degrees with locally elected school boards. However, Article XXVI-B of the School Code (24 P. S. §§ 26-2601-B—26-2606B) in section 2604.B provides ''(b) The Council of Basic Education shall have the power, and its duty shall be to: (2) . . . formulate policy proposals in all educational areas not within the purview of higher education, including, but not limited to. . . (v) admission, attendance, graduation and other separation requirements.'' The Board's authority stems from the explicit authority given to the Council of Basic Education to formulate policy regarding graduation and other separation requirements. Since its inception in 1963, the Board has set Statewide high school graduation requirements which have included successful completion of a specified number of academic credits including designated courses. These two provisions are not exclusive, rather they work together. The Board is provided authority to establish ''graduation and other separation requirements.'' The Board, through Chapter 4, has provided local school districts authority to establish graduation requirements consistent with § 4.24. The Board is now strengthening those requirements. However, local school boards continue to retain authority to award diplomas (academic degrees) to students who meet State and local graduation requirements. Under these regulations local school boards continue to have authority to award diplomas to students who meet State and local graduation requirements. 1

Montour School District

The Montour School District is a mid-sized, suburban public school district. The district serves Kennedy Township, Robinson Township, Ingram, Thornburg and Pennsbury Village, which are western suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Montour School District encompasses an area of 21.1 square miles (55 km²). The school district had a population of 24,711, according to the 2000 federal census. According to school district administrative officials, during the 2003-04 school year, the district provided basic educational services to 3,249 pupils through the employment of 15 administrators, 251 teachers, and 127 full-time and part-time support personnel. Special education was provided by the district and the Allegheny Intermediate Unit #3. Occupational training and adult education in various vocational and technical fields were provided by the district and the Parkway West Area Vocational-Technical School.

The Montour School District is a mid-sized, suburban public school district. The district serves Kennedy Township, Robinson Township, Ingram, Thornburg and Pennsbury Village, which are western suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Montour School District encompasses an area of 21.1 square miles (55 km²). The school district had a population of 24,711, according to the 2000 federal census. According to school district administrative officials, during the 2003-04 school year, the district provided basic educational services to 3,249 pupils through the employment of 15 administrators, 251 teachers, and 127 full-time and part-time support personnel. Special education was provided by the district and the Allegheny Intermediate Unit #3. Occupational training and adult education in various vocational and technical fields were provided by the district and the Parkway West Area Vocational-Technical School. == Governance == The school district is governed by nine individually elected board member (serving four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district to focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and mathematics skills. The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a " " for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members' names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more. School Board members are Ed Miller, George Dudash, Dean Caliguire, Tom Barclay, Scott Suess, Duane Faith, Cynthia Morrow, Ron Smith and Joyce Snell. == Montour School District Facilities == Montour High School (Grades 9-12) David E. Williams Middle Schools Upper (Grades 7 & 8) and Lower (Grades 5 & 6) Burkett Elementary School (Grades 3-4) Forest Grove Elementary School (Grades K-2) Ingram Resource Center [Note: In 1988, the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation designated the school, which was built in 1914, a historic landmark.] Note: Beginning the 2017-2018 school year all Montour School District students in grades K-4 will attend the newly built Elementary School located on the Montour High School campus. Burkett Elementary and Forrest Grove Elementary will no longer hold any classes for Montour students in grades K-4 after this change takes place. == Academic achievement == Montour School District was ranked 116th out of 498 Pennsylvania school districts by the Pittsburgh Business Times in 2012. The ranking was based on student academic achievement as demonstrated in the previous three years of the PSSAs for reading, writing math and science. The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3 to 8 and the 11th grade in high school. Adapted examinations are given to children in the special education programs. 2007 - 102nd out of 501 school districts. 2008 - 111th 2009 - 121st 2010 - 104th 2011 - 100th In 2012, the Pittsburgh Business Times also reported an Overachievers Ranking for 498 Pennsylvania school districts. Montour School District ranked 362nd. In 2011, the district was 412th. The editor described the ranking as "a ranking answers the question - which school districts do better than expectations based upon economics? This rank takes the Honor Roll rank and adds the percentage of students in the district eligible for free and reduced-price lunch into the formula. A district finishing high on this rank is smashing expectations, and any district above the median point is exceeding expectations." Western Pennsylvania local ranking The Montour School District was ranked 29th out of 105 Western Pennsylvania school districts by the Pittsburgh Business Times in 2012. The ranking was based on the previous three years of student academic performance on the PSSAs on mathematics, reading, writing and science. (includes 105 districts in: Allegheny County, Armstrong County, Beaver County, Butler County, Fayette County, Washington County and Westmoreland County (excludes Duquesne City School District & Midland Borough School District due to not operating a high school) 2008 - 31st out of 105 Western Pennsylvania districts 2009 - 34th 2010 - 30th 2011 - 25th In 2010 and 2011, Montour School District achieved AYP status. In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance. == Graduation rate == In 2011, the graduation rate was 97%. In 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Education issued a new, 4-year cohort graduation rate. Montour High School's rate was 85% for 2010. According to traditional graduation rate calculations 2007 - 91% 2008 - 98% 2009 - 98% 2010 - 100% == High school == Montour High School is located at 223 Clever Road, Mc Kees Rocks. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 1,035 pupils in grades 9 to 12, with 101 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced-price lunch. The school employed 76 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2011, Montour High School declined to "Warning" status due to lagging student achievement in mathematics. In 2010, Montour High School achieved AYP status. In 2012, Montour High School was ranked 28th out of 122 western Pennsylvania high schools, by the Pittsburgh Business Times for academic achievement based on the previous three years of the PSSAs on reading, writing, mathematics and science. 2009 - 34th 2010 - 25th 2011 - 22nd PSSA Results 11th grade reading 2007 - 71%, State - 65% 2008 - 77%, State - 65% 2009 - 81%, State - 65% 2010 - 82% (8% below basic). State - 66% 2011 - 79% on grade level (10% below basic). State - 69.1% of 11th graders are on grade level. 11th grade mathematics 2007 - 61%, State - 53% 2008 - 71%, State - 56% 2009 - 68%, State - 56%%. 2010 - 77% (8% below basic). State - 59% 2011 - 76% on grade level (8% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 60.3% of 11th graders are on grade level. 11th grade science: 2008 - 42%, State - 40% 2009 - 48%, State - 40% 2010 - 50% (7% below basic). State - 39% 2011 - 41% on grade level (14% below basic). State - 40% of 11th graders were on grade level. == College remediation rate == According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 36% of the Montour High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges. Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in mathematics, reading or English. == Dual enrollment == Montour High school provides students with the opportunity to earn college credits while remaining enrolled at the high school. College in the High School (CHS) courses are offered through the University of Pittsburgh, Robert Morris University and Carlow University. Students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to or enroll in their institutions. == SAT scores == From January to June 2011, 194 Montour High School students took the SAT exams. The district's verbal average score was 503. The mathematics average score was 530. The writing average score was 493. Pennsylvania ranked 40th among states with SAT scores: verbal - 493, mathematics - 501, writing - 479. In the United States, 1.65 million students took the exam in 2011. They averaged 497 (out of 800) verbal, 514 math and 489 in writing. == Advanced Placement classes == Calculus English language and composition English literature and composition European history == Summer assignments == Montour High School has a program of summer reading and other assignments for a wide variety of core academic courses. Summer academic assignments are required for English, social studies, mathematics, science courses and several AP courses. Students complete the work, on their own, during the summer with written assignments due the first day of the next school year. Specific assignments are posted in the high school's website. == Graduation requirements == Montour School Board has determined that a student must earn a minimum of 26 credits to graduate. These credits must be earned in grades 9, 10, 11 and 12. The current requirements are English 4.0 credits, social studies 4.0 credits, science 3.0 credits, mathematics 4.0 credits, computer applications 2.0 credits, PE/health 2.0 credits, electives 6.0 credits, graduation project 1.0 credit. By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district. By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, for the graduating class of 2017, students must be able to demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in algebra I, biology, English composition and literature for which the Keystone Exams serve as the final course exams. Students’ Keystone Exam scores shall count for at least one-third of the final course grade. In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the algebra 1, biology and English literature exams. The statewide results were: algebra 1 38% on grade level, biology 35% on grade level and English literature - 49% on grade level. Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. == David E Williams Middle Schools == David E Williams Middle School Upper is located at Porters Hollow Road, Coraopolis. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 493 pupils in grades 7 and 8, with 68 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 38 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 12:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2011, David E Williams Middle School Upper declined to "Warning" AYP status due to lagging student achievement in mathematics. In 2010, the school achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status. The middle school was ranked 39 out of 141 western Pennsylvania middle schools in 2009 by the Pittsburgh Business Times. The ranking was based on three years of student academic performance on the PSSAs for mathematics, reading, writing and one year of science. PSSA results 8th grade reading: 2008 - 82%. State: 78% 2009 - 90%. State: 80% 2010 - 86% (5% below basic). State: 81% 2011 - 88% on grade level (8% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 81.8% of 8th graders on grade level. 8th grade mathematics: 2008 - 68%. State:70% 2009 - 79%. State: 71% 2010 - 77% (10% below basic). State - 75% 2011 - 80% on grade level (8% below basic). State - 76.9% 8th grade science: 2008 - 51%. State: 52% of 8th graders were on grade level. 2009 - 70%. State: 55% 2010 - 56% (24% below basic). State: 57% 2011 - 55% on grade level (19% below basic). State: 58.3%. 7th grade reading: 2008 - 84%. State: 70% 2009 - 77%. State: 71% 2010 - 83% (5% below basic). State: 73% 2011 - 89% on grade level (3% below basic). State: 76% 7th grade mathematics: 2008 - 90%. State: 70% 2009 - 81%. State: 75% 2010 - 87% (5% below basic). State: 77% 2011 - 87% on grade level (7% below basic). State - 78.6% David E Williams Middle School Lower is located at Porters Hollow Road, Coraopolis. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 418 pupils in grades 5th and 6th, with 81 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 31 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2011 and 2010, David E Williams Middle School Lower achieved AYP status. PSSA results 6th grade reading: 2007 - 77% (8% below basic). State: 63% 2008 - 69% (12% below basic). State: 67% 2009 - 76% (11% below basic). State: 67% 2010 - 81% (9% below basic). State: 68% 2011 - 82% (7% below basic). State: 69.9% 6th grade mathematics: 2007 - 89%, 67% advanced. State: 69% 2008 - 85%, 62% advanced. State: 72% 2009 - 89%, 63% advanced. State: 75% 2010 - 92%, 74% advanced. State: 78% 2011 - 92% on grade level, 75% advanced. State: 78.8% 5th grade reading: 2007 - 64% (19% below basic). State: 60% 2008 - 64% (14% below basic). State: 62% 2009 - 73% (10% below basic). State: 64% 2010 - 76% (7% below basic). State: 64% 2011 - 73% on grade level (7% below basic). State: 67.3% 5th grade mathematics: 2007 - 76%, 50% advanced. State: 71% 2008 - 75%, 46% advanced. State: 73% 2009 - 82%, 54% advanced. State: 73% 2010 - 87%, 64% advanced. State: 76.3% 2011 - 77% on grade level, 44% advanced. State: 74% == Elementary schools == Forest Grove Elementary School is located at 1 Forest Grove Road, Coraopolis. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 488 pupils in grades kindergarten to 4, with 73 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 37 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 13:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2010 and 2011, Forest Grove Elementary School achieved AYP status. In 2011, 83% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd and 4th. In mathematics, 89% of the students in 3rd and 4th grades were on grade level and 51% scored advanced. In 4th grade science, 87% of the pupils were on grade level. Montour School District was ranked 56th out of Western Pennsylvania 4th grades in 2012 by the Pittsburgh Business Times. In 2009, the 3rd grade was ranked 162nd out of 327 Western Pennsylvania 3rd grades for academic achievement in reading, math and writing. Ingram Elementary School is located at 40 Vancouver Street, Pittsburgh. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 183 pupils in grades kindergarten to 4, with 59 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 18 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 10:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2010 and 2011, Ingram Elementary School achieved AYP status. In 2011, only 78% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3 and 4. In mathematics, 80% of the students in 3rd and 4th grades were on grade level and 22% scored advanced. In 4th grade science, 94% of the pupils were on grade level. Ingram Elementary School ranked 301st out of 327 in 2009. It closed in 2012 but it is still used for students as a "library" of sorts to this day. J. W. Burkett Elementary School is located at 5501 Steubenville Pike, Mc Kees Rocks. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, the school reported an enrollment of 344 pupils in grades kindergarten through 4th, with 38 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 28 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 12:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2010 and 2011, J. W. Burkett Elementary School achieved AYP status. In 2011, 90% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3 to 6. In mathematics, 96% of the students in 3rd to 6th grades were on grade level and 53% scored advanced. In 4th grade science, 99% of the pupils were on grade level. In 2009, J. W. Burkett Elementary School ranked 30th. == Special education == In December 2010, the district administration reported that 430 pupils or 14.5% of the district's pupils received special education services, with 48% of the identified students having a specific learning disability. In December 2009, the district administration reported that 449 pupils or 15% of the district's pupils received special education services. In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for special education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding. The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district’s students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student’s needs accrue the same level of costs. The state requires each district to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students. Overidentification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education. Montour School District received a $1,590,019 supplement for special education services in 2010. For the 2011-12 and 2012-13 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010-11. This level funding is provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required. == Gifted education == The District Administration reported that 153 or 4.81% of its students were gifted in 2009. By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student’s building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility. == Budget == In 2007, the average teacher salary in the district was $62,648 for 181 days worked. The district ranked fourth in Allegheny County for average teacher salary in 2007. The average teacher salary in Pennsylvania was $54,977. In Pennsylvania, the average salary of the 124,100 public school teachers was $54,977. Montour School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 were $1,127. The district ranked 33rd of 500 school districts for administrative spending. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil. The Pennsylvania School Boards Association keeps statistics on salaries of public school district employees in Pennsylvania. According to the association, the average salary for a superintendent for the 2007-08 school year was $122,165. Superintendents and administrators receive a benefit package commensurate with that offered to the district's teachers' union. In April 2010, Montour School District reported a fund balance of $28.7 million. This far exceeds the Pennsylvania Department of Education cap of 8% of the budget. According to state regulations, the board would not be permitted to raise taxes until the fund balance was under the 8% cap. In 2008, the district reported an unreserved-designated fund balance of $20,294,864.00 and an unreserved-undesignated fund balance of $3,800,000.00. == State basic education funding == In the 2009-2010 budget year the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 2% increase in Basic Education funding for a total of $3,760,864. This was the base percentage increase, in Basic Education Funding, in the Commonwealth. Four school districts in Allegheny County received an increase of over 6 percent. The state Basic Education funding to the district in 2008-09 was $3,687,122. In Pennsylvania, a 2% increase in funding was the lowest. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received an increase of over 22%. Fifteen school districts received Basic Education increases in excess of 10% The amount of increase each school district receives is determined by the Governor and the Secretary of Education through the allocation made in the Governor's budget proposal released in February each year. == Federal Stimulus funding == The district received $1,276,615 in ARRA - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 386 students received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007-2008 school year. Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised to use the funds for one-time expenditures like acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software. == Race to the Top grant == Montour School District officials did not apply for the Race to the Top federal grant which would have brought the district hundreds of thousands in additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement. Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate. Pennsylvania was not approved in the first round of the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved. A second round of state Race To The Top grant application judging was held in June 2010. == Real estate taxes == The Montour School Board set the property tax rates in 18.9000 mills in 2012-13. (A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value.) Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region. Property taxes in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania apply only to real estate. The tax is not levied on cars, business inventories or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and government property. Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts. When the school district includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties. In 2010, miscalculations by the State Tax Equalization Board (STEB) were widespread in the Commonwealth and adversely impacted funding for many school districts, including those that did not cross county borders. 2006-07 - 18.3000 mills. 2007-08 - 18.9000 mills. 2008-09 - 18.9000 mills. 2009-10 - 18.9000 mills. 2010-11 - 18.9000 mills 2011-12 - 18.9000 mills == Act 1 Adjusted Index == The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011-2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year. In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly eliminated six of the ten exceptions to the Act 1 Index. Several exceptions were maintained: costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools. costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt. costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State). costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school’s share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate. The School District Adjusted Index for the School District 2006-2007 through 2011-2012. 2012-13 - 1.7%, Base 1.7% 2011-12 - 1.4%, Base 1.4% 2010-11 - 2.9%, Base 2.9% 2009-10 - 4.1%, Base 4.1% 2008-09 - 4.4%, Base 4.4% 2007-08 - 3.4%, Base 3.4% 2006-07 - 3.9%, Base 3.9% For the 2012-13 budget year, MontourSchool Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. For 2012-2013, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 223 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the 2011-12 school year, the Montour School Board did not apply for an exception to exceed the Act 1 Index. Each year, the Montour School Board has the option of adopting either a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution may not apply for referendum exceptions or ask voters for a tax increase above the inflation index. A specific timeline for these decisions is published annually, by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district’s index. Of the districts who sought exceptions: 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only one school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while one sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction. == Property tax relief == The property tax relief amount for the Montour School District was set at $119 for 7,752 approved applicants by the Pennsylvania Department of Education in May 2010. In 2009, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Montour School District was $122 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 7,589 property owners applied for the tax relief. The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Allegheny County, 60% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009. Additionally, the Pennsylvania Property Tax/Rent Rebate program is provided for low income Pennsylvanians aged 65 and older, widows and widowers aged 50 and older, and people with disabilities age 18 and older. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners. The maximum rebate for both homeowners and renters is $650. Applicants can exclude one-half of their Social Security income; consequently people who make substantially more than $35,000 may still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief. Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%). == Enrollment and Consolidation == Montour School District enrollment has been projected by the Pennsylvania Department of Education to be declining to 3,600 by 2019. A proposal has been put forward by David Wassel, a prominent Allegheny County resident, to consolidate Allegheny County school districts to save tax and improve student services. The plan calls for a proposed district that includes Carlynton School District, Montour School District and Sto-Rox School District. By 2019, rural Pennsylvania school enrollment is projected to decrease by 8 percent. The most significant decline is projected to be in western Pennsylvania, where rural school districts may have a 16 percent decline. More than 40 percent of elementary schools and more than 60 percent of secondary schools in western Pennsylvania are projected to experience significant enrollment decreases (15 percent or greater). Pennsylvania has one of the highest numbers of school districts in the USA. In Pennsylvania, 80% of the school districts serve student populations under 5,000, and 40% serve less than 2,000. Less than 95 of Pennsylvania's 501 school districts had enrollment below 1,250 students in 2007. == Wellness policy == Montour School Board established a district wellness policy in 2006 - Policy 246. The policy deals with nutritious meals served at school, the control of access to some foods and beverages during school hours, age appropriate nutrition education for all students, and physical education for students K-12. The policy is in response to state mandates and federal legislation (P.L. 108 - 265). The law dictates that each school district participating in a program authorized by the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq) or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq) "shall establish a local school wellness policy by School Year 2006". The legislation placed the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each district can be addressed. According to the requirements for the Local Wellness Policy, school districts must set goals for nutrition education and physical education that are aligned with the Pennsylvania State Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education, campus food provision and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness. Additionally, districts were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus. The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for approval. == Highmark Healthy High 5 grant == In 2011, Montour School District received funding through a Highmark Healthy High 5 grant. The District received $10,000 to fund a year-round lifetime fitness program. Beginning in 2006, Highmark Foundation engaged in a 5-year, $100 million program to promote lifelong healthy behaviors in children and adolescents through local nonprofits and schools. == Extracurricular activities == The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy. By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools. == Athletics == Montour's athletic teams are called the Spartans and the school colors are black and athletic gold. The school currently offers American football, cross country, girls' tennis, golf, girls' volleyball and soccer in the fall; indoor track, swimming, wrestling, basketball, bowling, and ice hockey in the winter; and baseball, softball, boys' volleyball, boys' tennis, and track and field in the spring.1

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Detroit International Academy for Young Women<EOT>1

Detroit International Academy for Young Women

Detroit International Academy for Young Women (DIA) is a PK-12 school in Detroit, Michigan. It is Michigan's sole public girls' school, located in the former Northern High School. The school mascot is the "pink panthers".

Detroit International Academy for Young Women (DIA) is a PK-12 school in Detroit, Michigan. It is Michigan's sole public girls' school, located in the former Northern High School. The school mascot is the "pink panthers". == History == The school opened in a building on Woodward Avenue in 2005. At the time it had 78 students. The school changed into an all girls' school after July 2006, when the Michigan Legislature passed a bill permitting the establishment of all girls' and boys' public schools. In its first year of being a girls' school there were 95 students in grades 9-10. It moved into its current location in the fall of 2007. In 2008 there were about 400 girls attending the school. Originally a high school, it began middle school classes around 2009, and around 2010 it began elementary classes. That year there were 530 students. In 2014, 502 girls were registered at the school. In 2015 the school began holding white dress graduations instead of the usual cap and gown graduations. Several of the dresses were donated since most of the students receive free or reduced school lunches, a mark of having low income. Many private girls' schools in the United States use white dress graduations. 60 girls graduated during the 2015 ceremony. == Student body == As of April 2015, African-Americans comprise 86% of the student body. The second largest demographic is Asians, at 5%. 82% of students are designated as economically disadvantaged. Most students qualify for a free or reduced-price lunch. Students include African-Americans, Bangladeshis, Hispanics and Latinos, and Whites. DPS stated that the school has a "strong tie to the Bangladeshi community." Principal Beverly Hibbler stated that the all-female environment was attractive to persons in the Bangladeshi culture. In 2010 about 45-50 students were Bangladeshi. Persons living outside of the DPS district are allowed to attend DIA. As of 2010 some students reside in suburbs outside of Detroit; their parents typically work around Downtown Detroit and the students go to and from school using their own transportation.1

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Arlene Watkins<EOT>1

Arlene Watkins

Arlene Watkins (born 1989) is a camogie player and student. She won a Soaring Star award in 2009 and won a 2009 All Ireland junior camogie medal. Arlene has played with the county since 2005 and won two Purcell Cup medals with Athlone I.T. in 2007 and 2009. Was also honoured as Senior camogie player of the year in 2009.1

Arlene Watkins (born 1989) is a camogie player and student. She won a Soaring Star award in 2009 and won a 2009 All Ireland junior camogie medal. Arlene has played with the county since 2005 and won two Purcell Cup medals with Athlone I.T. in 2007 and 2009. Was also honoured as Senior camogie player of the year in 2009.1

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Tales of the Grim Sleeper<EOT>1

Tales of the Grim Sleeper

Tales of the Grim Sleeper is a 2014 feature-length documentary film by Nick Broomfield about the serial killer Lonnie David Franklin Jr., nicknamed the Grim Sleeper.

Tales of the Grim Sleeper is a 2014 feature-length documentary film by Nick Broomfield about the serial killer Lonnie David Franklin Jr., nicknamed the Grim Sleeper. == Reception == It received good reviews and was shortlisted for the 87th Academy Awards.1

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Chirok<EOT>1

Chirok

The Chirok (Russian: чирок – "Teal") is a Russian hybrid amphibious UAV vehicle in development by United Instrument Manufacturing Corporation, a Rostec subsidiary. The Drone was presented in the Innoprom 2014 technology exhibition in Yekaterinburg for the first time. This machine is a hybridized and amphibious like UAV meaning it doesn't need an airfield for launching, similar how helicopters work according to Aleksey Smirnov, the head of the unmanned aerial vehicles department at Radio-Technical Institute. It is expected that at Moscow-hosted MAKS Air Show 2015 the UAV Chirok will be presented as an operational prototype. The production of this aircraft could start as early as in the year of 2016.

The Chirok (Russian: чирок – "Teal") is a Russian hybrid amphibious UAV vehicle in development by United Instrument Manufacturing Corporation, a Rostec subsidiary. The Drone was presented in the Innoprom 2014 technology exhibition in Yekaterinburg for the first time. This machine is a hybridized and amphibious like UAV meaning it doesn't need an airfield for launching, similar how helicopters work according to Aleksey Smirnov, the head of the unmanned aerial vehicles department at Radio-Technical Institute. It is expected that at Moscow-hosted MAKS Air Show 2015 the UAV Chirok will be presented as an operational prototype. The production of this aircraft could start as early as in the year of 2016. == Data & performance == The first flight tests for the Chirok aircraft will start in 2015. Reports show it will have a wingspan of 10 meters and have a maximum takeoff mass of approximately 700 kilograms, of which 300 kg would be its effective payload. Altitude ceiling is 6,000 meters, the Drone is expected to travel up to 2,500 kilometers on one single fueling. While the material of this device is made exclusively of composite materials and the fabric of its air cushion was developed in Russia and is patented by Rostec, the air cushion is fully retractable in flight mode. The developers plan to use the drone for reconnaissance and wild fire monitoring missions, delivery of necessities to distant oil rigs and other things, it also enables carrying offensive military appliances. Chirok can be equipped with high precision weapons like small-size guided missiles. Unlike most existing military drones, the Chirok will enough inner space to fit the weapons internally according to reports.1

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Odd Fellows Hall (Blacksburg, Virginia)<EOT>1

Odd Fellows Hall (Blacksburg, Virginia)

The Odd Fellows Hall, also known as Tadmore Light Lodge, No. 6184, is a historic Grand United Order of Odd Fellows meeting hall located at Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built in 1905, and is a two-story frame structure clad in painted weatherboard siding. It has a standing seam metal gable roof. The building served throughout the early- to mid-20th century as the social center of the local African-American community. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.1

The Odd Fellows Hall, also known as Tadmore Light Lodge, No. 6184, is a historic Grand United Order of Odd Fellows meeting hall located at Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built in 1905, and is a two-story frame structure clad in painted weatherboard siding. It has a standing seam metal gable roof. The building served throughout the early- to mid-20th century as the social center of the local African-American community. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.1

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HMS Tartar's Prize<EOT>6th - At 1700 hours the NELSON escorted by destroyers AMAZON, WARWICK and WITCH sailed from Portsmouth for the Clyde for completion of refit. . HMS NELSON returned to Trincomalee and sailed from Colombo on 11th October 1945 to return to UK . After calls at Kilindini, Malta and Gibraltar she arrived at Portsmouth on 17th November. She was then deployed as Flagship of the Training Battleship Squadron in place of HMS VALIANT and arrived at Portland on 27th December that year. The ship carried out training duties including the Home Fleet 1946 Spring cruise before being relieved by HM Aircraft Carrier VICTORIOUS on 22nd Sept 1947. Paid off and reduced to Reserve status this ship was placed on the Disposal List. During 1948 she was used as a bombing target during trials in the Firth of Forth. The relevance of these which were intend to establish the effectiveness of ship's armour protection against bombs is hard to credit at a time when guided weapons and atomic warheads were being developed. She was sold to BISCO for demolition by TW Ward on 19th March 1948 and arrived at Inverkeithing in tow on 15th March 1949. The name was again carried forward for use in 1972 when it replaced that of HMS VICTORY for the Royal Navy Barracks at Portsmouth. HMS VICTORY remained in commission as nominal Flagship of Naval Home Command in Portsmouth Dockyard. 1

HMS Tartar's Prize

HMS Tartar's Prize was a 24-gun sixth-rate of the Royal Navy, which saw active service between 1756 and 1760, during the Seven Years' War. Originally the French privateer La Marie Victoire, she was captured by HMS Tartar in 1757 and refitted as a privateer hunter. In this role she secured a single victory at sea with the capture of the French vessel La Marquise de Chateaunois. A flimsily built vessel, Tartar's Prize sprang a leak and foundered off the coast of Sardinia in 1760.

HMS Tartar's Prize was a 24-gun sixth-rate of the Royal Navy, which saw active service between 1756 and 1760, during the Seven Years' War. Originally the French privateer La Marie Victoire, she was captured by HMS Tartar in 1757 and refitted as a privateer hunter. In this role she secured a single victory at sea with the capture of the French vessel La Marquise de Chateaunois. A flimsily built vessel, Tartar's Prize sprang a leak and foundered off the coast of Sardinia in 1760. == Construction == The French privateer La Marie Victoire was constructed at the port of Le Havre in 1756. As built, the vessel was 117 ft 3 in (35.7 m) long with a 99 ft 5.5 in (30.3 m) keel, a beam of 28 ft 4 in (8.6 m) and a hold depth of 13 ft 3 in (4.0 m). Her armament as a privateer was 26 guns; when fitted out in 1757 as Tartar's Prize she carried 20 six-pounder cannons along her upper deck, and four nine-pounder guns on the quarterdeck. Her designated Royal Navy complement was 160 officers and ratings. == Active service == La Marie Victoire was put to sea in 1756, in the early stages of the Seven Years' War, to hunt British merchant ships returning home through the English Channel. She had no recorded victories; on 27 March 1756 she encountered the 28-gun sixth-rate frigate HMS Tartar and was quickly overwhelmed. A British prize crew sailed her to Portsmouth where she was purchased by the Admiralty on 29 April for a sum of £4,258 (equivalent to £571,175 in 2015). This purchase price caused dissent among Tartar's crew as Portsmouth's merchants had made a counter-offer of more than £5,000, the acceptance of which would have increased the prize money. Perhaps with an eye to their future careers, Tartar's officers accepted the Admiralty's lower offer but requested indemnification against any legal action brought by the crew for loss of earnings. The newly purchased vessel was immediately commissioned for Royal Navy service as a sixth-rate under the name Tartar's Prize. Commander Thomas Baillie of Tartar was promoted to post-captain and transferred to take command. A survey of the vessel quickly revealed difficulties with her armament. One of the six-pounder cannons had burst during the March engagement with Tartar, and an examination of the others revealed that most were very poorly made. They were also too large; the gun barrels were 8 feet 2 inches (2.5 m) long in a gundeck measuring only 9 feet 0 inches (2.7 m) on each side, leaving insufficient room for the crew to reload when the guns had recoiled after firing. Baillie wrote to the Board of Ordnance protesting the uselessness of these oversized cannon, and was eventually rewarded with replacement six-pounders of a more standard length. He was less successful with a further problem aboard the vessel; the gun ports had no lids, leaving the gundeck constantly awash in heavy swell. Despite requests these were not installed, leaving the crew to rig canvas awnings over the open ports in order to reduce the flow of seawater into the hull. Provisioned and manned by July, the vessel was returned to the English Channel to assist in safe convoy for a fleet of West Indiamen, and then in company with Tartar to hunt privateers. She had her first and only victory within weeks of leaving port, capturing the French vessel La Marquise de Chateaunois on 17 July. Despite this victory Tartar's Prize was experiencing considerable difficulty with her long, sleek design, which increased her speed but made her unwieldy and liable to roll in heavy weather. In August Baillie was forced to make port in Spanish Corunna so that he could restow the cargo and take on ballast to stabilise the ship. He returned Tartar's Prize to sea in September, where she promptly sprang a leak and started taking on 18 inches of water each hour. Forced back into port for repairs, Baillie wrote to Admiralty requesting stronger decking and timbers so that the hull would not keep opening up at the seams. A different issue had arisen in the galley, which had been built to provision the small crew of a French privateer and could not cater for the Royal Navy's larger complement of 160 men. The ship's cook, Bartholomew Barry, complained that the galley's two fireplaces were in constant operation but they had no external vents, leading to a "smokiness which in truth is so great that no man living can stand it." There were no stoves, and all cooking had to be done in kettles suspended from cables over the fires. Barry reported that these kettles regularly burned through their supports and fell onto the deck, scalding the crew. There is no record of Admiralty's responses to these concerns. In October Baillie received orders assigning Tartar's Prize to the Navy's Mediterranean squadron, with which she was present at the Battle of Lagos in 1759. On 2 March 1760 Tartar's Prize foundered off the Sardinian coast after one of her hull timbers entirely gave way. Baillie and his crew abandoned ship, and were rescued by a passing Dutch merchantman. The Admiralty apportioned no blame to any person for the loss of the vessel, but Captain Baillie was not assigned another seagoing command. Through personal connections he was awarded a shore-based position at London's Greenwich Hospital and later at the Board of Ordnance; never promoted beyond post-captain, he died in 1802.1

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Sophie Campbell<EOT>1

Sophie Campbell

Sophie Campbell (formerly Ross Campbell) is a comic writer and artist known for her indie comics such as Wet Moon and Shadoweyes, and for her art on the Jem and the Holograms comics. She primarily writes and draws characters who are adolescent or young adult women, including various races, body types, sexual orientations, and abilities.

Sophie Campbell (formerly Ross Campbell) is a comic writer and artist known for her indie comics such as Wet Moon and Shadoweyes, and for her art on the Jem and the Holograms comics. She primarily writes and draws characters who are adolescent or young adult women, including various races, body types, sexual orientations, and abilities. == Career == Campbell is the creator of several graphic novels, including The Abandoned, Mountain Girl, Shadoweyes, Wet Moon, and Water Baby. She has also done art for comics publishers. In 2008, she drew the story "The Hollows" for the first issue of the DC/Vertigo comic House of Mystery written by Bill Willingham. Beginning in 2012 she drew a run of Image Comics' Glory series written by Joe Keatinge. She drew issues of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles for IDW, and in March 2015 she became the artist for their new Jem and the Holograms series written by Kelly Thompson. Meanwhile she has done podcasts. From June 2009 to March 2013, then known as Ross Campbell, she was co-host on AudioShocker's "A Podcast with Ross and Nick", followed by "Everything Blows with Ross and Nick". == Personal life == Campbell was named Ross at birth, and began her career under that name. She is a transgender woman, and in March 2015 she publicly changed her name to Sophie, explaining via Twitter that she had been transitioning for the previous year.1

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Maitland Gaol<EOT>Sir, I do myself the honour to transmit for the information of his Excellency the Governor, the enclosed statement, taken by me respecting the escape of the prisoner from this gaol on the 5th November. It appears that the escape of the prisoner was effected without the knowledge of the officers of the gaol and might have remained a secret but for the unusual appearance of slabs being found against the wall of the airing yard, which created suspicion; as the precautionary measure of calling the roll of the prisoners upon their transfer to and from the airing yard, previous to the constable taking and resigning charge of them, had not up to that date been adopted by the present gaoler or his predecessor, Mr. Field - an omission which certainly was the primary cause of the prisoner not having been missed when the prisoners were removed from the airing yard at dinner time on the day in question. The constable (William Nelson) on duty in the yard did not, I have reason to believe connive at the escape of the prisoner. By the confession of the latter, the constable after the prisoner left the yard, visited the only building there; and when he went the round of its walls, the prisoner followed stealthily in rear of him out of view, and thus eluded his notice. The planks found against the wall, which assisted the prisoner in his escape were ript up from the lining of the brick platform in the yard; but even with out this assistance the state of the interior face of the wall of the airing yard affords very great facility for escape as the bricks of which it is built are so decomposed as to present sure footing to any prisoner of activity disposed to take advantage of any favourable opportunity that should present itself for escaping . This state of the walls of the prison yard has been represented and reports sent to the Colonial architect some time back but without the desired result; and I feel confident that had the walls been in a proper state of repair, the present occurrence would not have to be recorded. I beg to add that the prisoner was taken and brought back to the gaol by Constable Lackey in the course of a few hours. (12) 1

Maitland Gaol

Maitland Gaol, also known as Maitland Correctional Centre, is a former Australian prison located in East Maitland, New South Wales. Its construction was started in 1844 and prisoners first entered the gaol in 1848. By the time of its closure, on 31 January 1998, it had become the longest continually run gaol in Australia. It has since been turned into a museum and is a popular tourist attraction.

Maitland Gaol, also known as Maitland Correctional Centre, is a former Australian prison located in East Maitland, New South Wales. Its construction was started in 1844 and prisoners first entered the gaol in 1848. By the time of its closure, on 31 January 1998, it had become the longest continually run gaol in Australia. It has since been turned into a museum and is a popular tourist attraction. == History == The gaol is in East Maitland, and this location was first used as a gaol in 1843; in the same year two prisoners were hanged there for the murder of a child. Permanent buildings were not begun until 1846 (though a foundation stone was laid in 1844), and the official opening was in December 1848. Flogging was in place whilst the gaol was being built. Executions were open to the public until 1861, and crowds were common. Hangings took place at the main gates and the back corner of the gaol. Sixteen men were executed at Maitland Gaol between 1849 and 1897 – all for rape or murder. There is still debate as to where some of these executions took place throughout the gaol. The last man executed at Maitland was Charles Hines in May 1897 for raping his stepdaughter; however, he claimed he was innocent until he took his last breath. In New South Wales, the last corporal punishment occurred at the Maitland Gaol – a whipping, in 1905. In 1975 inmates rioted, setting fire to the maintenance block. They used a swag of homemade weapons to attack the prison wardens, protesting about the prison system and the gaol's conditions. The infamous Darcy Dugan was blamed for inciting the riot, while 78 of the rioting inmates were transferred to other prisons. Damage resulting from the riot was estimated at A$100,000. In 1977, Raymond Denning and 6 others escaped through an exhaust vent in the shower block. They were all back inside in 2 hours after a massive police sweep on the area. A 5.5-metre (18 ft) long tunnel was discovered in Cell 7 in C Wing in 1980. The man who informed the warden of the tunnel had his throat cut so viciously his head swung back on his shoulders. His body was hidden with a sheet of plastic painted the same colour as the floor. The tunnel was filled in with two truckloads of concrete. There were many other escape attempts but most failed; of 32 attempted escapees, 31 were recaptured. In 1978, a 23-year-old inmate protested for 16 hours by sitting on top of the gaol's administration building. At one stage he disappeared over the roof returning with food. Armed with a softwood stake, he waved to television and Maitland Mercury newspaper journalists. In 1993, a block of modern prison cells were built above the kitchens designed to house only the prisoners who worked in the kitchens. These cells were designed to house, usually, only one inmate at a time. Only trusted inmates that showed good behaviour and had cooking skills worked in the kitchens. Also built in 1993, 5-wing was a high-security cell block designed to house inmates who had committed heinous crimes or crimes against other inmates. 5-wing inmates had no contact with anyone at all. These inmates had their own exercise yards, which contained a shower. They were allowed in there for only an hour per day. This was the last cell block to be built before the gaol's closure in 1998. In this cell block was also a clinic designed to treat inmates who had swallowed razor blades or drugs. In 1997, George Savvas and Ivan Milat had planned an escape from the gaol but were stopped by correctional officers. The day after the escape was planned for, Savvas was found dead in his cell after hanging himself. He and Milat were housed in the five-wing cell block. Maitland Gaol is recorded as a Heritage listed site of NSW State significance. == Notable prisoners == Darcy Dugan – (1920-1991), bank robber. David Eastman – convicted of the assassination of AFP Assistant Commissioner Colin Winchester. Andrew Garforth – convicted of the kidnapping, sexual assault and murder of nine-year-old schoolgirl Ebony Simpson. Harry Hooton – Henry (Harry) Arthur Hooton (1908-1961) unarmed robbery. Stephen 'Shorty' Jamieson, Matthew Elliott, and Bronson Blessington – convicted of the murder of Janine Balding. Neddy Smith – Sydney underworld figure and murderer. John Travers, Michael Murdoch, and Michael, Leslie and Gary Murphy – convicted of the murder of Anita Cobby. == Tours == Visitors can take a self-guided audio tour of the historic prison or can take guided theme tours. == Australian Museum of Clothing and Textiles == The "Australian Museum of Clothing and Textiles" is located in the Maitland Gaol and features clothing and accessories, textiles and related items.1

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Mary McCormic<EOT>T H E I R FA M I L I E S . AT T H E OA KTO P I A M U S I C FE ST I VAL . LEA R N WH AT A DVI C E T H E UN T A LU M A ND G RAM M Y- AWARD WI NNER SH A R ED WI T H STUD E N TS O N CAM P U S W H EN S H E REC EI VED T H E UNT P R E S ID E N TIAL M EDAL O F H O NOR . northtexan.unt.edu nor no n o r tht or thte tth hte ht h t e xxan te xa xan. an. a an n..un n . un unt unt. u nt. nt n t . eed t. edu du d u 1966 Keep up with the latest developments in the UNT family and tell your peers what you’ve been up to since leaving the nest. Send your news to The North Texan (see contact information on page 4). Members of the UNT Alumni Association are designated with a . Read more, share comments and connect with friends at northtexan.unt.edu. professor of journalism, wrote the 1996 historical novel Moses Rose (Dan River Press), which has been reissued by First Edition Design Publishing/Goose River Press as an e-book. When the novel, set in Texas in 1836, was first released 20 years ago, The Dallas Morning News called it an “intriguing . . . and imaginative tale” in which the legendary Alamo deserter learns different meanings of “heroism, survival, loneliness and love.” 1

Mary McCormic

Mary McCormic (November 11, 1889 – February 10, 1981) was an American operatic soprano and a professor of opera at the University of North Texas College of Music (1945–1960). For more than a decade (early 1920s to late 1930s), McCormic was among the most famous sopranos in the world. She was most known for her leading roles with the Paris National Opera, the Opéra-Comique (14 years), the Monte Carlo Opera, and the Chicago Civic Opera (10 years). She spent much of 1937 touring with the Kryl Symphony Orchestra. McCormic was born in Belleville, Arkansas. A onetime obscure Arkansas housewife, McCormic rose to stardom and enjoyed a colorful personal life — four marriages and four divorces (men of no resemblance to one another), almost a fifth, a high-dollar lawsuit defense for assaulting an unauthorized female biographer, boom and bust personal wealth, witty humor, and brush with royalty. McCormic captured world intrigue with the panache of the operas she starred in, all with the backdrop of being born at the end of the Gilded Age, growing up as a teenager during World War I, flourishing as an opera superstar through the Roaring Twenties, Prohibition, the Jazz Age, the Great Crash, and failing in her last two high-profile marriages in the throes of the Great Depression. She died, in her eighties, in Amarillo, Texas.

Mary McCormic (November 11, 1889 – February 10, 1981) was an American operatic soprano and a professor of opera at the University of North Texas College of Music (1945–1960). For more than a decade (early 1920s to late 1930s), McCormic was among the most famous sopranos in the world. She was most known for her leading roles with the Paris National Opera, the Opéra-Comique (14 years), the Monte Carlo Opera, and the Chicago Civic Opera (10 years). She spent much of 1937 touring with the Kryl Symphony Orchestra. McCormic was born in Belleville, Arkansas. A onetime obscure Arkansas housewife, McCormic rose to stardom and enjoyed a colorful personal life — four marriages and four divorces (men of no resemblance to one another), almost a fifth, a high-dollar lawsuit defense for assaulting an unauthorized female biographer, boom and bust personal wealth, witty humor, and brush with royalty. McCormic captured world intrigue with the panache of the operas she starred in, all with the backdrop of being born at the end of the Gilded Age, growing up as a teenager during World War I, flourishing as an opera superstar through the Roaring Twenties, Prohibition, the Jazz Age, the Great Crash, and failing in her last two high-profile marriages in the throes of the Great Depression. She died, in her eighties, in Amarillo, Texas. == Selected singing roles == == Chicago Opera Association == 1921-1922 Season — Operatic debut as Micaela in Carmen. McCormic was a protégé of Mary Garden, who, rather than sing, debuted as General Director for what became the final year of Chicago Opera Association. 1922, Feb 1 & 8 — New York debut as Musetta in La Boheme at the Manhattan Opera House. == Chicago Civic Opera == 1923 — Referred to as "the Cowgirl Soprano" by The New York Times, McCormic and Charles Marshall sang the leading roles in the premiere of The Snow Bird, an American one-act opera. == Paris Opera == July 24, 1926 — McCormic was signally honored by receiving the title role for a special presentation of Romeo and Juliet with the Paris National Opera at the Paris Opera House in honor of Mulai Yusef, Sultan of Morocco. == Opera Comique == July 23, 1929 — Opera Comique debut, singing the title role in Manon. She and William Martin, in July 1927, earned the distinction of being the only American natives singing in leading roles with Opéra-Comique. McCormic was the first American woman in 60 years to sign a long-term contract with Opera Comique. == Artistic management == 1924 — McCormic, early in her career, gained the artist management services of Charles L. Wagner (1869–1956), who also managed world figures that included Mary Garden, Amelita Galli-Curci, Walter Gieseking, Jussi Björling, Alexander Kipnis, and Jeanette MacDonald. 1938 — McCormic, later in her career, was managed by Mme. LaReine. == Early life == Born in Belleville, and reared in Dardanelle, and Ola – all three in Yell County, Arkansas – McCormic, was known growing up as Mamie Harris. Mary McCormic was one of 4 born to: John H. Harris (1860, Forsyth, Georgia - 9 November 1946) and wife, Mary Jimmie Harris, (née Williard; 1865, Tennessee - 31 December 1929 Amarillo) Odelle Crawford Harris (4 July 1886 Belleville, Arkansas - 26 May 1950 Amarillo) Thurman Harris (died young) Mamie Harris (11 November 1889 Belleville, Arkansas – 10 February 1981 Amarillo) Williard Harris (10 February 1892 Yell County, Arkansas - 24 March 1949 Amarillo) Norborn Harris (circa 1898 – 10 February 1944 San Francisco) Johnnie Harris (a girl, died young) Mamie's interest in becoming an opera star began at age nine, and continued while attending Ola High School of Ola, Arkansas. She, with her family, moved to Portales, New Mexico, in 1907, then to Amarillo in 1909. Emil Frey Myers (1886–1957) gave McCormic's her first voice lessons in Amarillo. He was the conductor the Amarillo Civic Chorus and was a major concert promoter in the Texas Panhandle. Myers, with his wife, Lila, founded the Amarillo School of Music, Inc. McCormic's father and two brothers, Odell and Williard, built a grocery store business — "J H Harris & Sons" and "Harris Food Stores" and "Rolling Stone Stores" (as many as 10 stores located in Borger, Pampa, Dalhart and Amarillo). The business was sold in 1946, shortly before the death of the father. The father, Odell, and Williard also operated a 58,000-acre (230 km²) ranch in Union County, NM, 15 miles (24 km) north of Clayton. The father purchased the first portion of the ranch in 1915. During a 1914 Tri-State Fair Music Festival in Amarillo, McCormic became aware of the operatic possibilities of her voice. By way of a Methodist Choir in Chicago and a singing contest sponsored by Mary Garden, her operatic potential became known to others. == Attending college == McCormic studied music at Ouachita College, University of Arkansas and then, with the intention of becoming a lyric soprano, Northwestern University where she took vocal lessons. McCormic became a protégé of Mary Garden (1874–1967). Both McCormic and Garden had been vocal students of the renowned voice teacher Mrs. Sarah Robinson-Duff (née Robinson; 1858–1934) == Marriages == == Quotes on men & marriage == “Gentlemen, meet Mr. McCormic”— Mary M'Cormic – 1936 Referring to her new husband, Homer V. Johannsen“I abhor shooting animals, except vicious animals — such as men”— Mary M'Cormic – 1936 Commenting on her love of deep sea fishing, upon the return of her father from a deer hunt“That's the first time that I've used the word 'obey.'”— Mary M'Cormic – 1936 Referring to wedding vows in to Homer V. Johannsen“I marry 'em; gosh, why can't you newspapermen count 'em?”— Mary McCormic – 1937 Anticipated Marriage No. 5 to Joseph Patrick Reilly == Filmography == Paddy the Next Best Thing == Teaching at the University of North Texas College of Music == In 1944, Wilfred Bain, dean of the University of North Texas College of Music, recruited Mary McCormic to create and direct an Opera Workshop. McCormic transformed herself from diva to artist-in-residence educator. She founded, defined, directed, and, when necessary, defended the school's first Opera Workshop. She built the Opera Workshop from scratch – on a shoestring budget – molding it over 16 prolific years into what has become her crowning legacy that, for 73 years, has enriched the Southwest. Wilfred Bain went down in history as one of the greatest music school deans of all time. In books and memoirs of accomplishments, Bain often tells of the hiring of Mary McCormic as one of this great accomplishments at North Texas. The North Texas Opera Workshop was the first collegiate touring opera workshops west of the Mississippi and, at the time of its founding, was the only opera production company in existence in the Southwest. The San Antonio Grand Opera, Houston Grand Opera, Dallas Opera, Opera in the Heights and others were not yet in existence. Through the opera workshop, McCormic pioneered an approach to opera in an era that wiped out major opera companies on the heels of the Great Depression. The new "low-cost workshop" model also offered new opportunities for composers who otherwise would never have their operas produced. And the workshop model gave hope for opera itself, when many in the world dismissed opera as a bygone luxury of the rich. The new "low cost model" also gave access in regions of the world that otherwise had little hope of having opera. Under McCormic, the opera workshop performed locally, toured, and did broadcasts in radio and TV often with near quality of a reputable professional company. When the Dallas Opera was founded in 1957, the UNT Opera Workshop and Vocal Studies provided a steady supply of singers for the Dallas Opera Chorus. In 1966, McCormic retired and moved to Amarillo to make her home with her widowed sister-in-law, Mrs. Odell Harris. The UNT Opera Workshop is an integral part of one of the most comprehensive music schools in the world; a school that, since the 1940s, has been among the largest in the country, and in recent years, holds the largest enrollment of any music institution accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. The UNT College of Music is also the oldest (and first) in the world to offer a degree in jazz studies. == UNT Opera Workshop Productions == == Directed by Mary McCormic == The Bohemian Girl (1944) The Chocolate Soldier (Spring 1945) The Bohemian Girl (Summer 1945) The Stranger of Manzano (premier, May 1946) The Bohemian Girl (1946) Rigoletto (March 1948) Abduction from the Seraglio (May 1949) Daughter of the Regiment (Jan 1950) † Romeo and Juliet (1950) Otello (Nov 1951) La Boheme (Dec 1952) Faust (Dec 1953) HMS Pinafore (July 1954) Abduction from the Seraglio (May 1954) Die Fledermaus (April 1955) La Boheme (1955) Down in the Valley (1955) Trial by Jury (1955) The Saint of Bleeker Street (Summer 1955, 2nd Act) Boris Godunov (Summer 1955, last Act) Don Pasquale (Summer 1955, duets) Madama Butterfly (Summer 1955, duets) Pagliacci (1956) The Princess and the Pea (May 1956) La Serva Padrona (May 1956) La Boheme (Summer 1956) Down in the Valley (Summer 1956) Rigoletto (1957) Trouble in Tahiti (1957) Amelia Goes to the Ball (1957) The Impresario (1957) The Emperor's New Clothes (1957) The Marriage of Figaro (two casts, 1958) Faust (a scene, 1958) Comedy on the Bridge (1958) The Barber of Seville (excerpts, 1958) La Traviata (last act, 1958) Comedy on the Bridge (1959) Cavalleria Rusticana (1959) Tosca (1960) Dec 1958 — McCormic directed the first televised opera in the Southwest on WBAP-TV Fort Worth in a student production of Carmen † Mary Garden supervised the final ten-days of rehearsals == Composition dedicated to McCormic == Blanche Robinson (Mrs. Martin Hennion Robinson) (née Williams born 18 May 1883 near Liberty, Kansas; died August 1969 Los Angeles) composed "Love Was a Beggar" for Mary McCormic.1

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Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana<EOT>1

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Ghana

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established by NLC Decree 293 of October 10, 1968 amended by NLCD 329 of 1969, and re-established in its present form by CSIR Act 521 on November 26, 1996. The genesis of the Council however, dates back to the erstwhile National Research Council (NRC), which was established by government in August 1958 to organize and coordinate scientific research in Ghana. In 1963, the NRC merged with the former Ghana Academy of Sciences, a statutory learned society. Following a review in 1966, the Academy was reconstituted into, essentially, its original component bodies, namely a national research organization redesignated the CSIR and a learned Society, designated the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences. The distinctive features of the 1996 Act are the emphasis accorded private sector concerns, and the introduction of market principles into the Council's operations through the commercialization of research. In this connection, the Council is expected to generate part of its income through the sale of its products and services, and to institute a system of contract research.

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established by NLC Decree 293 of October 10, 1968 amended by NLCD 329 of 1969, and re-established in its present form by CSIR Act 521 on November 26, 1996. The genesis of the Council however, dates back to the erstwhile National Research Council (NRC), which was established by government in August 1958 to organize and coordinate scientific research in Ghana. In 1963, the NRC merged with the former Ghana Academy of Sciences, a statutory learned society. Following a review in 1966, the Academy was reconstituted into, essentially, its original component bodies, namely a national research organization redesignated the CSIR and a learned Society, designated the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences. The distinctive features of the 1996 Act are the emphasis accorded private sector concerns, and the introduction of market principles into the Council's operations through the commercialization of research. In this connection, the Council is expected to generate part of its income through the sale of its products and services, and to institute a system of contract research. == Mandate == The CSIR is mandated to perform the following functions among others: To pursue the implementation of government policies on scientific research and development; To advise the sector Minister on scientific and technological advances likely to be of importance to national development; To encourage coordinated employment of scientific research for the management, utilization and conservation of the natural resources of Ghana in the interest of development; To encourage in the national interest scientific and industrial research of importance for development of agriculture, health, medicine, environment, technology and other service sectors and to this end to encourage close linkages with the productive sectors of the economy; To coordinate all aspects of scientific research in the country and to ensure that the Council, the research institutes of the Council and other organizations engaged in research in Ghana, coordinate and cooperate in their research efforts; To exercise control over the research institutes and projects of the Council and to have power after consultation with the Minister to create, reconstitute, merge or dissolve any institute, centre, unit or project of the Council; To review, monitor and periodically evaluate the work of the institutes administered by the Council in order to ensure that research being carried out by the institute directly benefits identified sectors of the economy and is within the national priorities; To institute a system of contract research to ensure that research being carried out in the Council is relevant and cost effective; To encourage and promote the commercialization of research results; To undertake or collaborate in the collation, publication and dissemination of the results of research and other useful technical information; To organize and control services and facilities available to the Council and generally to manage the properties of the Council; To coordinate human resource development in institutes of the Council and to encourage the training of scientific personnel and research workers through the provision of grants and fellowships; To cooperate and liaise with international and local bodies and organizations, in particular, the Universities and the private sector on matters of research; and To perform such other functions as may be determined by the Minister. == Vision == Using the transforming power of S&T for wealth creation. == Mission == The CSIR is to become the force for accelerated social and economic development of Ghana through examining, exploring and creating Science and Technology catalysts for public and private wealth creation. == Structure and organisation == The Council The statutory Governing Council is made up of a Chairman and 20 members. They/these include representatives of selected Ministries (Food and Agriculture), Health, Trade and Industries, Environment, Education, Science and Technology, Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation the Universities, various production and commercial associations (Mines, Industry, Commerce, Engineers), Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Development Planning Commission, CSIR Directors, Senior Staff of CSIR, among others. The CSIR Act requires that 40 per cent of the membership of the Council be drawn from the private sector. The Council is answerable to the Minister of Environment, Science and Technology (MEST). Director-General The Director-General is the Chief Executive of the CSIR. Functions of the Director-General include: policy issues; co-ordination; monitoring & evaluation; external relations including technical aid scheme and technical agreement; lobbying and advocacy and CSIR relations. Deputy Director-General The Deputy Director-General is responsible to the Director-General for overseeing the development and execution of the research and development activities of the thirteen (13) institutes of the CSIR as well as the Council’s programmes and projects; assists the Director- General in setting the research priorities of the Council in line with Government policy and acts for the Director General in his/her absence. Director of Administration The Director of Administration is responsible to the Director-General for oversight/day-to-day administration of the Head Office including authorization of administrative expenditure/remuneration management; Council matters including secretaryship to Council; human resource management of the CSIR; Communication of policies to Institutes; and monitoring policy implementation. Director of Finance The Director of Finance is to advise the Director-General on all matters relating to Finance and Accounting; to advise the Directors of the Institutes of the Council on Financial and Accounting matters; advise on the preparation and submission of Annual, Personnel Emolument, Administrative Service and Development Estimates of the Institutes of the Council; and Preparations of Annual Consolidated Accounts and Balance Sheet of the Council after all the Accounts of the Institutes have been audited by their external Auditors. Director of Commercialization The Director of Commercialization is to advise the Director-General on all issues relating to commercialization; to oversee all operations of Commercialization and Information Divisions of the institutes (CIDs) in terms of strategy development and implementation; oversee marketing orientation and training programmes; supervise the activities of Marketing Officers/Public Relations Officers; provision of pricing and costing information; advertising and promotion; marketing research and information; corporate image building and S&T popularization. Director of Audit The Director of Audit is to establish policies for auditing activity and direct/technical and administrative functions. Develop and execute comprehensive audit programmes to evaluate internal controls over all of the Institute's activities; Coordinate audit planning and other internal audit activities, and liaises with Council's external auditors. Legal Officer The Legal Officer is responsible to the Director-General for all legal and quasi-legal matters relating to the rights and obligations of the Council; advising the Directors of the Council on all legal and quasi-legal matters in respect of rights, obligations and on matters relating to labour disputes and discipline; Revising existing rules and regulations; drafting contracts; writing of legal opinion for the Director-General and Directors of various Institutes; advising on patent laws; handling court cases on behalf of the Council before the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice; and Liaising with the Council's external Solicitors. == Institutes of the Council == Currently, the Council exercises control over thirteen (13) institutes, namely *Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Head Office CSIR - Animal Research Institute (ARI). CSIR - Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) CSIR - Crops Research Institute (CRI) CSIR - Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) CSIR - Food Research Institute (FRI) CSIR - Institute of Industrial Research (IIR) CSIR - Institute for Scientific and Technological Information (INSTI) CSIR - Oil Palm Research Institute (OPRI) CSIR - Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute (PGRRI) CSIR - Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) CSIR - Soil Research Institute (SRI) CSIR - Science and Technology Policy Research Institute (STEPRI) CSIR - Water Research Institute (WRI). == External solicitor == Wontumi, Quist and Co. == Collaboration == Through collaboration with international scientific organizations, CSIR has become the research hub that houses various scientific research organizations including; Ghana Office - International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Africa Regional Office- The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)1

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Sesame Street licensing<EOT>In-Universe: Cookie Monster did a sendup of "Elmo's World", called "Cookie World" . Balloonacy: Several examples, such as the very end of Kermit's What-Happens-Next machine demonstration, and the Light and Heavy Lecture . Baths Are Fun: Any number of skits and songs are on the series to promote this, the most well-known being Ernie's ode to his "Rubber Duckie." "Baby Bear's Bath Song" is another major one. Many of them were released on the album Splish, Splash, Bath-time Fun . Character Blog: The Muppet cast shares one Twitter account . Character Outlives Actor: Northern Calloway, who played David, left the show in 1989 due to being ravaged by stomach cancer. He died several months later. David was said to have moved to a farm to live with his grandmother. Gordon's sister Olivia moved away, never to be heard from again, when her actress Alaina Reed Hall left the show to play Rose on NBC's 227. She died sometime back in 2010. Both of these actors had been long mainstays who played major characters. You can see David in this clip and Olivia in this clip . Extreme Omni-Goat: In an interstitial cartoon demonstrating "zero". A complaint was received from the Dairy Goats Association, leading to a follow-up clarifying that dairy goats only eat healthy, sensible foods. See them both, one after the other, here . Faceless Masses: The anything muppets . The reason that they are called this is because they can be anything as needed, however the most memorable are The Count , The Amazing Mumford , Guy Smiley , Prairie Dawn and of course Forgetful Jones . Gag Haircut: Given by Ernie to Bert in this early skit . Five words: Orange is the New Snack . Rube Goldberg Device: Kermit's What Happens Next machine . Or at least, it tries to be. 1

Sesame Street licensing

The American children's television series Sesame Street is known for its extensive merchandising. Licensees include a variety of companies which manufacture books, magazines, video/audio media, and toys using the characters and themes of Sesame Street.

The American children's television series Sesame Street is known for its extensive merchandising. Licensees include a variety of companies which manufacture books, magazines, video/audio media, and toys using the characters and themes of Sesame Street. == Current licensees == Current licensees include Fisher-Price, Nakajima USA, Build-A-Bear Workshop (Build-An-Elmo, Build-A-Cookie Monster, And Build-A-Big Bird), Hasbro (Sesame Street Monopoly), Wooly Willy, Betty Crocker (Elmo Fruit Snacks), C&D Visionary (air freshners) and Children's Apparel Network. Former licences include Applause, Child Dimension, Gibson Greetings, Gorham Fine China, Ideal Toys, Milton Bradley Company, Nintendo, Palisades Toys, Questor, Radio Shack, Tyco, and the Western Publishing Company. Creative Wonders (a partnership between ABC and Electronic Arts) produced Sesame Street software for the Macintosh, since at least 1995 and on the PC since 1996; Atari produced Sesame Street games in 1983. Before going bankrupt, Palisades Toys was to release a line of deluxe series action figures, for adults, as part of Sesame Workshop's push to expand into retro products for teens and adults. The Sesame Beginnings line, launched in mid-2005, consists of apparel, health and body, home, and seasonal products. The products in this line are designed to accentuate the natural interactivity between infants and their parents. Most of the line is exclusive to a family of Canadian retailers that includes Loblaws, Fortinos, and Zehrs. == Proceeds == As Sesame Workshop, the licensor of these characters, is a non-profit organization, a percentage of the money from any Sesame Workshop product goes to help fund Sesame Street or its international co-productions. == Toys == == Tickle Me Elmo == Tickle Me Elmo was one of the fastest selling toys of the 1996 season. That product line was and still is one of the most successful products Mattel has ever launched. Both it and its most notable successor, TMX, have caused in-store fights. Elmo starred in a Christmas special that year, in which he wished every day of the year was Christmas. == Recalls == After Fisher-Price recalled a large number of Sesame Street brand toys (among multiple licenses) in 2007, Sesame Workshop announced that they would independently inspect the products of all manufacturers. It went so far as to threaten withdrawing entirely from toy licensing, if it were not satisfied with the manufacturer's guarantees. == Books == Its fiction books are published on five continents, primarily by Random House in North America. Over 18 million Sesame Street books and magazines were purchased in 2005. The books often mention that children do not have to watch the show to benefit from its publications. == Live performances == == Ice shows == In 1975, ice-skating show Sesame Street on Ice presented costumed actors and dancers as touring casts, each performing a unique-multimillion-dollar budget ice show. And Sesame Street on Ice ran from 1975–1980. == Stage shows == Live touring show Sesame Street Live presents costumed actors and dancers as characters from the series, in original plots. In recent years, VEE has had four touring casts, each performing a unique multimillion-dollar budget show. Each season, the tours reach 160 different cities across North America, reaching 2 million people annually. Since the first production of Sesame Street Live on September 17, 1980, 48 million children and their parents have seen the show performed, across the world. == Theme park == Busch Entertainment Corporation (BEC) is the licence holder for Sesame Street in its U.S. amusement parks including a completely Sesame Street themed park, Sesame Place, in Langhorne, Pennsylvania, United States. BEC also has a stage show at SeaWorld Orlando Elmo and the Bookaneers. In 2009 Busch Entertainment's Busch Gardens Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia opened "Sesame Street Forest of Fun" with plans to open "Sesame Street Safari of Fun" at its Busch Gardens Tampa Bay park in Tampa Florida in the 2010 operating season. Another theme park, Parque Plaza Sésamo, exists in Monterrey, Mexico, and Universal Studios Japan includes a three-dimensional movie based on the show. == Non-educational products == Although Sesame Street characters occasionally endorse non-educational products, they rarely appear in their puppet form, to limit the suggestion to children that the characters are formally endorsing the product. The Muppets do appear in puppet form to endorse select causes. Big Bird has promoted safe seating practices and the wearing of seatbelts, for the Ford Motor Company, while Grover promoted a new course on children's informal learning, created by Harvard University with Sesame Workshop. Elmo has appeared before the US Education Appropriations Subcommittee to urge more spending on music in schools. == International merchandising == Barrio Sésamo, Plaza Sésamo, Sesamstraße, Sesame English and Sesamstraat have all had merchandise of their local characters. Shalom Sesame videos and books have also been released. In 2004, Copyright Promotions Licensing Group (CPLG) became Sesame Workshop's licensing representative for The Benelux, adding to their United Kingdom representation.1

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Otta seal<EOT>1

Otta seal

Otta seal is a type of bituminous surface treatment that was developed by the Norwegian Road Research Laboratory (NRRL). Its name is based on the location in which it was created, the Otta Valley. Otta seal was developed to be used as a temporary surfacing on new roads; however, after seeing its strength, it has been used as permanent roads as well.

Otta seal is a type of bituminous surface treatment that was developed by the Norwegian Road Research Laboratory (NRRL). Its name is based on the location in which it was created, the Otta Valley. Otta seal was developed to be used as a temporary surfacing on new roads; however, after seeing its strength, it has been used as permanent roads as well. == Composition and application == Otta seal is formed by adding graded aggregate to a soft bituminous binding agent. The agent is usually emulsified asphalt. Bituminous binder application rates are between 1.9 liter/m² (0.42 US gallon/yard²) and 2.4 liter/m² (0.53 US gallon/yard²) – the value is dependent on aggregate gradation and type. Low quality, local aggregates are often used in Otta seal. The largest aggregate size used is between 13 and 25mm (0.5 and 1 inch). The aggregate can contain up to 10% fine gravels. Aggregate quantities are usually close to 27 kg/m² (50 lbs/yard²). Otta seal is easily cured by blinding with sand because of its soft binders. The soft binders quickly coat the sand; This is not possible for seals with harder binders. Cutback bitumens in the viscosity range of MC3000 to MC800 are the most common binders used. Otta seal is formed in the following procedure: Remove dust and foreign objects from the base. Add small amounts of water to the base to suppress dust. Apply a hot binder at a rate of 1.6 to 1.9 liters/m2. Apply aggregate at a rate of 1.3 to 2.0 m3 to 100m2 (depending on the grading of the aggregate) of road surface. Flatten the Otta seal using a tired roller until binder is pressing up between the aggregate particles. This usually has to be done multiple times, typically several days after the first flattening. For the first two to three weeks, allow traffic at low speeds to assist with further kneading. Aggregates will be dislodged by traffic and they should be broomed back onto the seal. == Where Otta seal is used == Otta seal is primarily used in places that do not have strict requirements for strength, grading, particle shape, binder adhesion, and dust content, which have low capital and expect relatively low traffic (up to 500 vehicles per day). Currently, Otta seal is most prevalent in Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Botswana and common in Bangladesh, Australia, and other parts of Africa. == Political impact == Politically Otta seal is a useful alternative versus other types of road surfaces. A city council member of a city that uses Otta seal explained that it is very cost efficient since with Otta seal the can resurface a road every 5–10 years without having to tear the whole road up every time it needs to be resurfaced. This lengthens the road life and makes it very economical. == Social impact == Otta seal does not cause prolonged delays in traffic, it takes few hours to resurface a road and is usable almost immediately afterwards. Since this is mainly used on side roads it is important that it is done quickly to prevent people from not being able to get to their houses. One negative impact is the loose gravel can cause chips or damage to windshields, but odds of this happening is lowered in slower moving traffic areas. == Environmental impact == Environmentally Otta seal helps to lower the dust level. This helps the environment in many ways; helps with driving visibility, decrease health problems caused by dust, and reduce harm done to crops. Another environmental benefit is that the materials used in its production are easily acceptable. There is also a reduction in environmental degradation. == Costs == Otta seal is considered to be a low cost seal. With its low initial cost and less demanding maintenance, it is a very cheap alternative for road surfaces. The cost for a double layer Otta seal is about US $2.00 to US $2.70 per square meter (US $2.40 to US $3.25 per square yard) and will last from 8 to 15 years. For a road that is 1.6 km (1 mile) long and 12 m (40 feet) wide it would cost between US $39,000 to US $52,000. == Physical properties == Otta seal is a type of road surfacing consisting of a bituminous binding substance and aggregate rocks ranging from gravel to fine particles. It is stronger than similar inexpensive surfacing techniques such as chip seal. The type of bitumen used can greatly affect the strength of the road. Bitumen binders that are more viscous tend to move through the aggregate faster, but are not as hard and cannot handle heavier loads. A huge advantage of Otta seal over other seals is the ability to use almost any type or size of crushed rocks as the aggregate. Depending on where in the world the road is being constructed and therefore what types of rock are available, the strength of an Otta seal can vary greatly. Commonly, the gravel used contains sandstone, basalt, and even coral or volcanic stones. Also, size of the particles varies greatly, with a preferred maximum of 16 mm and 19 mm (0.63 inch and 0.75 inch) for single and double Otta seals, respectively. Typically, the concentration of fine particles of less than 0.075 mm (0.003 inch) should be less than 10%. Adhesive agents are generally added to increase the strength between the aggregate and the bituminous binder. It is this interaction that gives Otta seal its strength and durability. == Molecular structure == Since Otta seal is a combination of materials, it is beneficial to look at the molecular structures of the materials used. Rocks are in the material family of ceramics. They have very rigid crystalline structures that stand up well to compressive forces. In contrast, sheer or tensile forces can easily form cracks in ceramics and cause failure. The bitumen acts the opposite way. It is more amorphous, meaning it is weaker under compressive forces, but can hold the rocks together and limit cracking under tensile stress. The bitumen molecular structure is composed mostly of compressed hydrocarbons, sometimes containing many other elements like nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nickel. == Pros and cons of Otta seal == There are many factors when considering what type of road surfacing is necessary. Most advantages to Otta seal over other inexpensive surfacing techniques spring from its ability to use a wide range of materials and material sizes during construction. Pros and cons are listed here: == Pros == Can be used in remote areas with whatever gravel is available Less waste when using crushed material Cheaper, lower grade materials can be used More tolerant of pavement deflection Much less precise proportions, resulting in less mistakes More durable and less maintenance Workers require very little technical skill Creates job opportunities Resistance to cracking from solar radiation Impermeable, so water can run off Can be used in any climate Can be broken down and reused == Cons == Requires more material The need for experienced people in charge of operations The need for experienced people to do maintenance Grade cannot exceed 8% for single Otta seal (12% for double) Must be applied at above 10°C (50°F) == Durability and weathering == Otta seal is more durable than many alternative seals. It is impermeable and resistant to cracking from the sun’s radiation. Cracks form in all roads due to changes in temperature, but Otta seal performs better than other seals. Overall, Otta seal can be expected to last 50 to 60 percent longer than a chip seal. This results in a lifespan between 6 and 12 years if properly maintained, and even longer if a sand seal is used on top of the Otta seal.1

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Vishnupuri, Nanded<EOT>Do you know about Vishnupuri?. write information about this place, history,origin . how to reach there ?. Share complete info about Vishnupuri Let world discover this place. Vishnupuri is a Village in Nanded Taluka in Nanded District of Maharashtra State, India. It belongs to Marathwada region . It belongs to Aurangabad Division . It is located 6 KM towards South from District head quarters Nanded. 6 KM from Nanded. 545 KM from State capital Mumbai Vishnupuri Pin code is 431606 and postal head office is SRTMU Nanded . Kotitirth ( 3 KM ) , Nanded-waghala ( 3 KM ) , Khupsarwadi ( 4 KM ) , Mhada Colony ( 4 KM ) , Wasri ( 4 KM ) are the nearby Villages to Vishnupuri. Vishnupuri is surrounded by Modkhed Taluka towards East , Ardhapur Taluka towards North , Loha Taluka towards west , Purna Taluka towards west . Address : vishnupuri , nanded , nanded , Maharashtra . PIN- 431606 , Post - SRTMU Nanded 1

Vishnupuri, Nanded

Vishunupuri is a major village in Nanded taluka of Nanded district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 10 km away from Nanded city on Nanded-Latur highway. Though it is a village, it is now became sub-urban area of Nanded city due its close proximity to city and rapid urbanization. Currently Vishnupuri is the place where Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology and Government Medical College, Nanded are located.

Vishunupuri is a major village in Nanded taluka of Nanded district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 10 km away from Nanded city on Nanded-Latur highway. Though it is a village, it is now became sub-urban area of Nanded city due its close proximity to city and rapid urbanization. Currently Vishnupuri is the place where Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology and Government Medical College, Nanded are located. == Demography == As per 2011 census, Vishnupuri has total 1,256 families residing. Village has population of 6,910 of which 3,570 were males while 3,340 were females. Average Sex Ratio of village is 936 which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Literacy rate of village was 80% compared to 82.95% of Maharashtra. Male literacy rate was 87% while female literacy rate was 72%. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 23.5% of total population while Schedule Tribe population was 1.2%. == Geography and Transport == Following table shows distance of Vishnupuri from various cities. == Politics == Vishnupuri comes under Nanded South for assembly elections of Maharashtra. Current member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly representing Vishnupuri is Hemant Sriram Patil of Shiv Sena since 2014. While it comes under Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency) for Indian general elections. Current member of parliament representing Vishnupuri is Ashok Chavan of Indian National Congress who is also former Chief Minister of Maharashtra.1

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Union Solidarity and Development Party<EOT>1

Union Solidarity and Development Party

The Union Solidarity and Development Party (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုကြံ့ခိုင်ရေးနှင့်ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးပါတီ; abbreviated USDP), which was registered on 2 June 2010 by the Union Election Commission, currently standing as an opposition political party, is the successor to the Burmese government's mass organisation, the Union Solidarity and Development Association. It was headed by President Thein Sein until 2013, and its headquarters are in Naypyidaw's Dekkhinathiri Township. According to the 2008 Constitution, government officials and civil servants, including government ministers like Thein Sein, are not allowed to form political parties, although the Electoral Commission approved the party nonetheless. During the 2010 election, USDP recruited party members by offering low-interest loans, particularly in central Burma and Rakhine State. In the 2010 general election, the USDP won 883 seats out of 1154 total seats, 259 seats of 325 seats from Pyithu Hluttaw, 129 seats of 168 seats from Amyotha Hluttaw and 495 seats of 661 seats from Region and State Hluttaw (holding the majority in all, except the Rakhine State Hluttaw). On 4 March 2011, two USDP MPs from Bago Region, Ant Gyi, a Pyithu Hluttaw MP representing Thanatpin Township, and Cho Nwe Oo, representing Constituency 7 (Oktwin and Htantabin Townships) were disqualified by the Union Electoral Commission for failing to meet the constitutional requirements for citizenship (as both have a parent who are not Burmese citizens).

The Union Solidarity and Development Party (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုကြံ့ခိုင်ရေးနှင့်ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးပါတီ; abbreviated USDP), which was registered on 2 June 2010 by the Union Election Commission, currently standing as an opposition political party, is the successor to the Burmese government's mass organisation, the Union Solidarity and Development Association. It was headed by President Thein Sein until 2013, and its headquarters are in Naypyidaw's Dekkhinathiri Township. According to the 2008 Constitution, government officials and civil servants, including government ministers like Thein Sein, are not allowed to form political parties, although the Electoral Commission approved the party nonetheless. During the 2010 election, USDP recruited party members by offering low-interest loans, particularly in central Burma and Rakhine State. In the 2010 general election, the USDP won 883 seats out of 1154 total seats, 259 seats of 325 seats from Pyithu Hluttaw, 129 seats of 168 seats from Amyotha Hluttaw and 495 seats of 661 seats from Region and State Hluttaw (holding the majority in all, except the Rakhine State Hluttaw). On 4 March 2011, two USDP MPs from Bago Region, Ant Gyi, a Pyithu Hluttaw MP representing Thanatpin Township, and Cho Nwe Oo, representing Constituency 7 (Oktwin and Htantabin Townships) were disqualified by the Union Electoral Commission for failing to meet the constitutional requirements for citizenship (as both have a parent who are not Burmese citizens). == Leadership == On 2 May 2011, Shwe Mann assumed the office as temporary chairman of USDP. Htay Oo as deputy chairman, Aung Thaung and Thein Zaw as Secretary 1 and 2. Maung Oo was appointed as Disciplinary Official of the USDP. Former Yangon Mayor Aung Thein Lin was appointed to lead the USDP's Yangon branch. On 16 October 2012, Thein Sein was re-elected as the chairman of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) at the USDP's first party conference in Naypyidaw. This is in direct contradiction to the 2008 Constitution of Burma, which states: “If the President or the Vice-Presidents are members of a political party, they shall not take part in its party activities during their term of office from the day of their election.” As of October 2012, USDP's leadership was reorganised to form a 44-member Central Executive Committee, including: Chairman: Thein Sein Vice-Chairman: Aye Myint Vice-Chairman: Shwe Mann Vice-Chairman: Htay Oo General Secretary: Maung Maung Thein Joint General Secretary: Thein Zaw Secretary: Khin Aung Myint Secretary: Thein Swe Secretary: Aung Ko Because of mounting criticism over his dual role, Thein Sein handed over the position of USDP chairman to Shwe Mann on 1 May 2013. On 13 August 2015 it was reported that chairman Shwe Mann and general secretary Maung Maung Thein had been removed from their positions. == Election results == == House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) == == House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw) == 1

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Alexander F. Schier<EOT>1

Alexander F. Schier

Alexander F. Schier (born 1964) is the Leo Erikson Life Sciences Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and chair of the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. He is a member of the Center for Brain Science, a member of the Center for Systems Biology, a principal member of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and an associate member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Schier received a B.A. in Cell Biology in 1988 from the University of Basel, Switzerland, followed by a PhD in Cell Biology in 1992 under Walter J. Gehring, also from the University of Basel, Switzerland. He conducted his postdoctoral research in Wolfgang Driever’s lab at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University in Boston, USA. In 1996, Schier was recruited as Assistant Professor in the Developmental Genetics Program to the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine. Since 2005, he is Professor at the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

Alexander F. Schier (born 1964) is the Leo Erikson Life Sciences Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and chair of the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. He is a member of the Center for Brain Science, a member of the Center for Systems Biology, a principal member of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and an associate member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Schier received a B.A. in Cell Biology in 1988 from the University of Basel, Switzerland, followed by a PhD in Cell Biology in 1992 under Walter J. Gehring, also from the University of Basel, Switzerland. He conducted his postdoctoral research in Wolfgang Driever’s lab at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University in Boston, USA. In 1996, Schier was recruited as Assistant Professor in the Developmental Genetics Program to the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine. Since 2005, he is Professor at the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. == Research == Schier is internationally recognized for his pioneering work on vertebrate development using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. During his postdoctoral work, Schier and colleagues performed one of the first large-scale forward genetic screens in a vertebrate. In his own lab, Schier has made fundamental advances to the understanding of the molecular basis of vertebrate embryogenesis, including signaling, cell fate determination, cell movement, the maternal-zygotic transition, microRNAs, chromatin, and non-coding RNAs. Schier’s more recent interest in behavior has established zebrafish as a model for sleep and behavioral research, determined neural circuits that underlie sleep and identified small molecule sleep regulators. He has contributed to the development of zebrafish as model system, including positional cloning, germ-line replacement to generate maternal-effect mutants; photobleaching and photo conversion; Brainbow imaging; small molecule profiling; transcriptomics and epigenomics; gene annotation; and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. == Mentoring == Schier is also well known for having an unusually high rate of placing trainees in academic positions. Key to his training philosophy are five questions he has developed to sharpen the thoughts of his mentees (see also ): Do you work on an important problem? Do you work with sustained concentration? Do you have a sense of urgency? Are you able to troubleshoot? Do you have the killer instinct to do the key experiments that will result in a coherent, conclusive and publishable study? == Awards == 1999-2002 McKnight Scholar for Neuroscience 2001-2005 Irma T. Hirschl Scholar 2002-2005 Established Investigator of the American Heart Association 2006 Harland Winfield Mossman Developmental Biologists Award of the American Asc. of Anatomists 2006-2008 McKnight Neuroscience of Brain Disorders Award 2014 Everett Mendelsohn Excellence in Mentoring Award from Harvard’s Graduate Student Council 2016 Bjorkman-Strominger-Wiley Prize for Collaboration1

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National Rugby League reserves affiliations<EOT>1

National Rugby League reserves affiliations

The National Rugby League (NRL) is the top league of professional rugby league clubs in Australasia. Run by the Australian Rugby League Commission, however, since the late 1980s, when the former New South Wales Rugby League expanded interstate to start the framework on what would become the modern National Rugby League, there has not been a league-wide reserves competition; and, since 2002, there has been no dedicated reserves competition of any kind. As a result, NRL-listed players who are not selected in their senior teams are made eligible to play in one of the second-tier state leagues: the New South Wales Cup or the Queensland Cup. The system used to accommodate NRL-listed players within these leagues varies considerably from state to state.

The National Rugby League (NRL) is the top league of professional rugby league clubs in Australasia. Run by the Australian Rugby League Commission, however, since the late 1980s, when the former New South Wales Rugby League expanded interstate to start the framework on what would become the modern National Rugby League, there has not been a league-wide reserves competition; and, since 2002, there has been no dedicated reserves competition of any kind. As a result, NRL-listed players who are not selected in their senior teams are made eligible to play in one of the second-tier state leagues: the New South Wales Cup or the Queensland Cup. The system used to accommodate NRL-listed players within these leagues varies considerably from state to state. == Current affiliations == In the 2017 season, the sixteen National Rugby League clubs have the following reserves arrangements. Currently the only NSW Cup & QLD Cup team not affiliate with an NRL club is the Queensland Cup PNG Hunters, based in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea .1

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Five Starcle Men<EOT>Simple Plan are Werther punks, too, but Canadian. Instead of a sole obsession with Lotte, which is served in “Addicted,” their big musical push is in an apology to Daddy. This conflicts with the album cover of leg/foot fetishes and a game of spin-the-champagne-bottle with bridal party girls. While the Daddy song resonates with the distraught teen, too, what these guys are often caught implying is that they wish to be brides because Dad loved Sis more. In fact, their manically-sunny-but-my-heart’s-really-really-breaking-on-the-worst-day-ever and not-being-able-to-study-enough-for-tomorrow’s-test songs could just as well be sung by Katy Rose. With women now allowed on high school wrestling teams (another affront to the young man’s fragile psyche!), No Helmets, No Pads . . . Just Balls is a perfect title. Its fizzing guitar-girl pop shows Werther rock in touch with its silly feminine side and ready for star-time in a sequel to Ladybugs. 1

Five Starcle Men

Five Starcle Men was an experimental music band, psychedelic shaman collective, alien abduction self-help group, and performance cult from the United States. They were known for their intense live shows, experimentation with psychedelic and dissociative drugs, radical conspiracy theories, and engagement with mental illness. One of the members reportedly killed himself. The band's Lost Frog Productions Internet Archive page describes Five Starcle Men as follows: "These kids were involved in alien drug torture and deadly cartoon culture governments. Using modern cultural, pharmacological, and other technologies, they constructed highly aestheticized, delusional realities for themselves and their viewers, often resulting in a dangerous sense of political and intellectual ability." Many of the band's songs and performances have been uploaded to YouTube by fans. They were recently voted one of the weirdest bands in the world.

Five Starcle Men was an experimental music band, psychedelic shaman collective, alien abduction self-help group, and performance cult from the United States. They were known for their intense live shows, experimentation with psychedelic and dissociative drugs, radical conspiracy theories, and engagement with mental illness. One of the members reportedly killed himself. The band's Lost Frog Productions Internet Archive page describes Five Starcle Men as follows: "These kids were involved in alien drug torture and deadly cartoon culture governments. Using modern cultural, pharmacological, and other technologies, they constructed highly aestheticized, delusional realities for themselves and their viewers, often resulting in a dangerous sense of political and intellectual ability." Many of the band's songs and performances have been uploaded to YouTube by fans. They were recently voted one of the weirdest bands in the world. == Discography == == Full-length albums (incomplete list) == ISTINT (1992, home-made cassette Reject Ward) Briskle Discal (1993, home-made cassette Reject Ward) Briskle Discal 2 (1994, home-made cassette Reject Ward) Reject Ward (1995, cassette Reject Ward; re-released by Bobby J Records) Scunibro (1995, 12" LP Reject Ward; re-released by RRRecords and Bobby J Records) == EPs == Beast 666 (1995, cassette 777was666) Gomblasemba Lumbieca (1996 Bobby J Records) Whump (1996, 7", interview Bobby J Records) == Compilations == Only Kids of Nothing Star (2003 digital Lost Frog Productions) Ghost Starbie's Collected Kids (2004 CD Lost Frog Productions) Gomba Reject Ward Japan (2005 digital Lost Frog Productions)1

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National Leadership Grants for Libraries<EOT>1

National Leadership Grants for Libraries

The National Leadership Grants for Libraries is a program of the Institute of Museum and Library Services which supports undertakings that tackle substantial challenges and opportunities facing the field of libraries and archives. The grant is awarded to projects that support new tools, research and services that will be widely adopted or replicated to extend the benefits of federal investment.

The National Leadership Grants for Libraries is a program of the Institute of Museum and Library Services which supports undertakings that tackle substantial challenges and opportunities facing the field of libraries and archives. The grant is awarded to projects that support new tools, research and services that will be widely adopted or replicated to extend the benefits of federal investment. == Project Categories == == Community Anchors == Projects that develop the role of libraries as community anchors and encourage civic and cultural engagement, facilitate lifelong learning, promote digital inclusion, and support economic vitality through programming and services. == National Digital Platform == Programs that develop open source software applications used by libraries and archives across the United States to provide digital content and services. == Curating Collections == Initiatives that have a noteworthy national influence on shared services for the preservation and management of digital library collections. == Funding Categories == == Sparks Grants == Sparks Grants are relatively small awards for swift development and evaluation of improvements in library services resulting from innovation in tools, products, or organizational practices. == Planning Grants == Planning Grants provide the funding of initial organizational activities. These include actions such as needs analysis, feasibility studies, prototyping and pilots, or the establishment of partnerships. == National Forum Grants == National Forum Grants support the efforts of groups to collaborate and to assemble subject matter experts and other significant participants, including contributors from related fields to discuss matters of current significance to libraries and archives nationally. == Project Grants == Project Grants provide funding for projects for which all planning activities have been completed. All projects must have an identified national impact including partners from across the country. == Research Grants == Research Grants support projects that address an area of concentration relating to libraries and archives that investigate significant questions or issues that supplement work that was previously completed.1

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Ron Caron<EOT>1

Ron Caron

Ronald Caron (December 19, 1929 – January 9, 2012) was a Canadian executive in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens and St. Louis Blues.

Ronald Caron (December 19, 1929 – January 9, 2012) was a Canadian executive in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens and St. Louis Blues. == Early life == Caron was born in Hull, Quebec, on December 19, 1929. He was a graduate of the University of Ottawa. == Hockey career == == Montreal Canadiens == Caron began his career in professional ice hockey as a part-time scout with the Montreal Junior Canadiens in 1959. The team promoted him to head scout in 1968. He succeeded Al MacNeil as head coach of the Montreal Voyageurs for the 1970–71 campaign, but was replaced by Floyd Curry during the season. He was appointed the Voyageurs' general manager the following year. He joined the Montreal Canadiens as head scout in 1973. Within the next ten campaigns, he served the team as assistant general manager and director of recruitment and player personnel. == St. Louis Blues == Caron was the general manager of the St. Louis Blues from 1983 until 1994. During his tenure, he was involved in bringing players like Doug Gilmour, Brett Hull, and Adam Oates to St. Louis. Before he was hired by St. Louis, he worked for the Montreal Canadiens as their head scout. He won six Stanley Cup rings with Montreal during the 1970s as the assistant general manager. He was nicknamed "The Old Professor" for his remarkable memory of hockey events. == Death == Caron died on January 9, 2012, at 82. == Awards == Stanley Cup Champions 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 19791

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Justin Mylo<EOT>1

Justin Mylo

Emilio Behr, better known by his stage name Justin Mylo, is a Dutch DJ, producer and musician based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He gained recognition after working and collaborating with Martin Garrix on their single "Bouncybob".

Emilio Behr, better known by his stage name Justin Mylo, is a Dutch DJ, producer and musician based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He gained recognition after working and collaborating with Martin Garrix on their single "Bouncybob". == Career == As a teenager, he performed at local clubs as a DJ. In 2015, he was featured on Garrix's single "Bouncybob" in production alongside Mesto. == Discography == == Singles == 1

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Song For<EOT>It appears that you already have an account created within our VIP network of sites on . To keep your personal information safe, we need to verify that it's really you. To activate your account, please confirm your password. When you have confirmed your password, you will be able to log in through Facebook on both sites. It appears that you already have an account on this site associated with . To connect your existing account just click on the account activation button below. You will maintain your existing VIP profile. After you do this, you will be able to always log in to http://diffuser.fm using your original account information. 1

Song For

Song For is the debut album by American jazz saxophonist Joseph Jarman, recorded in 1966 and released on the Delmark label.

Song For is the debut album by American jazz saxophonist Joseph Jarman, recorded in 1966 and released on the Delmark label. == Background == Jarman's regular quintet with saxophonist Fred Anderson, trumpeter Billy Brimfield, bassist Charles Clark and drummer Thurman Barker was augmented for the record by another drummer, Steve McCall, and a new figure, pianist Christopher Gaddy, who had just returned from army service. Gaddy died on March 12, 1968, less than a month before his twenty-fifth birthday. Song For was his only recorded performance. Before joining Jarman, Anderson and Brimfield co-led a quartet which was one of the seminal AACM group. == Music == "Adam's Rib" is a Brimfield tune, while "Little Fox Run"" is an Anderson composition (the CD edition adds an unissued take of this piece). “Non-Cognitive Aspects of the City” is a work combining music with an extended poem by Jarman himself. == Reception == Scott Yanow, in his review for AllMusic claims "this music was the next step in jazz after the high-energy passions of the earlier wave of the avant-garde started to run out of fresh ideas". The Penguin Guide to Jazz states about the album "Of great documentary and historical significance, though unlikely to effect any dramatic conversions." == Track listing == "Little Fox Run" (Fred Anderson) - 7:05 "Non-Cognitive Aspects of the City" - 14:06 "Adam's Rib" (Billy Brimfield) - 5:57 "Song For" - 13:39 Bonus track on CD "Little Fox Run (Unissued)" (Fred Anderson) - 10:50 == Personnel == Joseph Jarman - alto sax, recitation Bill Brimfield - trumpet (does not appear on track 2) Fred Anderson - tenor sax (does not appear on track 2) Christopher Gaddy - piano, marimba Charles Clark - bass Thurman Barker - drums Steve McCall - drums (does not appear on tracks 2,5)1

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James Bryant (cricketer, born 1976)<EOT>1

James Bryant (cricketer, born 1976)

James Douglas Campbell Bryant (born 4 February 1976) is a former South African cricketer. He played first-class cricket for nine years, for Eastern Province, Nottinghamshire, Somerset and Derbyshire, retiring from senior cricket in 2005. A superb hitter in his own country, with a high score of 234 not out, he seemed to struggle more than he should have in England, where his game suffered from a lack of confidence. On his Derbyshire debut he broke his hand, and never played for such a high standard while at the club. He also dislocated his collarbone in 2005, and his frequent injuries as well as his poor form away from home, mean that it is unlikely that he is going to be signed by another English club. From 2006 – 2008 was signed as a professional for three-time Village Cricket Champions Troon playing in Cornwall League division 1.1

James Douglas Campbell Bryant (born 4 February 1976) is a former South African cricketer. He played first-class cricket for nine years, for Eastern Province, Nottinghamshire, Somerset and Derbyshire, retiring from senior cricket in 2005. A superb hitter in his own country, with a high score of 234 not out, he seemed to struggle more than he should have in England, where his game suffered from a lack of confidence. On his Derbyshire debut he broke his hand, and never played for such a high standard while at the club. He also dislocated his collarbone in 2005, and his frequent injuries as well as his poor form away from home, mean that it is unlikely that he is going to be signed by another English club. From 2006 – 2008 was signed as a professional for three-time Village Cricket Champions Troon playing in Cornwall League division 1.1

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African Safari Wildlife Park<EOT>1

African Safari Wildlife Park

The African Safari Wildlife Park is a drive through wildlife park in Port Clinton, Ohio, United States. Visitors can drive through the 100-acre (40 ha) preserve and watch and feed the animals from their car. Visitors can spend as much time in the preserve as they wish, observing and feeding the animals, before proceeding to the walk through part of the park, called Safari Junction. The park is closed during the winter. The park is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), and considers itself to be one of the leaders in conservation efforts for the animals it supports. Current breeding efforts are focused on the alpaca, white zebra, giraffe, and giant eland.

The African Safari Wildlife Park is a drive through wildlife park in Port Clinton, Ohio, United States. Visitors can drive through the 100-acre (40 ha) preserve and watch and feed the animals from their car. Visitors can spend as much time in the preserve as they wish, observing and feeding the animals, before proceeding to the walk through part of the park, called Safari Junction. The park is closed during the winter. The park is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), and considers itself to be one of the leaders in conservation efforts for the animals it supports. Current breeding efforts are focused on the alpaca, white zebra, giraffe, and giant eland. == Exhibits == The park consists of the Safari, where visitors drive through the animal's habitat, and a walk through section called Safari Junction. In the Safari, visitors drive through the preserve, and could see more than 50 species in their natural habitat. The species in the preserve include giraffes, zebras (including the rare white zebra), buffalo, alpaca, llama, warthogs, deer, elk, bison, dromedary and bactrian camels, and giant eland. Many of the animals will come right up to the cars to investigate and to be fed. The park provides one container of food for each car, and additional food can be purchased. Visitors can drive around the preserve as often as they wish. Safari Junction includes the Mombasa Food pavilion, Simba Lodge Gift Shop, Pork Chop Downs (pig races), educational shows, camel and pony rides, and a petting zoo.1

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Alice: An Interactive Museum<EOT>1

Alice: An Interactive Museum

Alice: Interactive Museum is a 1991 visual novel/click-and-go adventure game, developed by Toshiba-EMI Ltd and directed by Haruhiko Shono. It uses elements and ideas inspired by Lewis Carrol's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and uses pre-rendered 3D computer graphics (like 1993's Myst). It was designed for Windows 3.x and later released for the Windows 95 platform. In 1991, Shono won the Minister of International Trade and Industry's AVA Multimedia Grand Prix Award (AVAマルチメディアグランプリ 通産大臣賞を受賞) for the game, and in 1995, Newsweek coined the term "cybergame" to describe games such as Alice and Shono's second game, L-Zone. They were followed by Shono's third title, Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure, in 1993.

Alice: Interactive Museum is a 1991 visual novel/click-and-go adventure game, developed by Toshiba-EMI Ltd and directed by Haruhiko Shono. It uses elements and ideas inspired by Lewis Carrol's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and uses pre-rendered 3D computer graphics (like 1993's Myst). It was designed for Windows 3.x and later released for the Windows 95 platform. In 1991, Shono won the Minister of International Trade and Industry's AVA Multimedia Grand Prix Award (AVAマルチメディアグランプリ 通産大臣賞を受賞) for the game, and in 1995, Newsweek coined the term "cybergame" to describe games such as Alice and Shono's second game, L-Zone. They were followed by Shono's third title, Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure, in 1993. == Plot == The player wanders through a mansion of twelve rooms including a gallery, an atelier, a wine cellar and a photo studio. Each room is interconnected via halls, doors, and secret passages - one of which leads to the outside world. As the player wanders, he searches for a deck of playing cards, upon which are clues which will lead to The Last Room and the end game. The artwork on the walls is very interactive resulting in clues or surprises. == Production == Alice was developed with MacroMind Director. With music by Kazuhiko Kato, and artwork by Kuniyoshi Kaneko, the game has been noted as an ambitiously artistic piece of software. == Reception == Computer Gaming World in 1993 called Alice "like some kind of charmingly weird and elusive scavenger hunt where one is never really quite sure where they may be going or what they are looking for". The magazine praised the art as "a very elegant and richly rendered environment that makes it a browser's paradise", comparing it to the Rene Magritte's surrealism. It recommended Alice to those interested in a "surreal 'electronic toy'", not a CD-ROM game. Shono was heralded as a pioneer by America's Newsweek and Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Following the sleeper success of Shono's third title Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure (1993), Alice and L-Zone were re-released in America.1

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Tsewang Yishey Pemba<EOT>He was born on June 5 1932 in Gyantse, the son of a clerk at the British Trade Agency . Shortly after his birth the family moved to the Chumbi Valley, bordering Sikkim and Bhutan, where Pemba led a carefree childhood. A rock in which a demon was believed to dwell towered above his home; nearby, at Donkar Monastery, he watched elaborate Buddhist festivals and dances; minstrels and wandering friars would occasionally pass by, and he heard tales of the region’s sacred “Migou” – the Abominable Snowman. At the age of nine Pemba was sent to India and enrolled at Victoria School, near Darjeeling, where he thrived . In 1949 he travelled to London to study Medicine at University College Hospital. By the time of his graduation in 1955, however, China had occupied Tibet, and this — coupled with the death of his parents in calamitous floods in Gyantse in 1954 — convinced him not to return. Instead, he was recruited by the future Prime Minister of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji, to establish that country’s first hospital. He moved to Darjeeling early in 1959, working at the Darjeeling Medical Association Hospital under the aegis of the Indian Tea Association. In March that year, after a revolt in Lhasa against Chinese occupation , the Dalai Lama fled into exile in India, followed by thousands of refugees. Many ended up in Darjeeling . In 1965 Pemba returned to London to train as a surgeon, and was awarded the Hallett Prize in 1966 for coming first in the primary examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons; he became a Fellow in 1967. After returning to Darjeeling, he again worked in Bhutan in the mid-1980s, as Superintendent of the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, remaining there until 1992. During this time he also served as consulting physician to the Bhutanese royal family . After retiring in 1992 he continued in private practice, travelling to America, Europe and Japan. 1

Tsewang Yishey Pemba

Dr. Tsewang Yishey Pemba (June 5, 1932 – November 26 2011) MBBS (London) FRCS was the first Tibetan to become a doctor in western medicine, and to become a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. He founded the first hospital in Bhutan. He is also credited for writing the first work of fiction by a Tibetan in English, “Idols on the Path”, published in 1966, and is also regarded as the first Tibetan to publish a book in English, “Young Days in Tibet”, published by Jonathan Cape in 1957.

Dr. Tsewang Yishey Pemba (June 5, 1932 – November 26 2011) MBBS (London) FRCS was the first Tibetan to become a doctor in western medicine, and to become a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. He founded the first hospital in Bhutan. He is also credited for writing the first work of fiction by a Tibetan in English, “Idols on the Path”, published in 1966, and is also regarded as the first Tibetan to publish a book in English, “Young Days in Tibet”, published by Jonathan Cape in 1957. == Biography == Dr. Pemba was born in 1932 in Gyantse, Tibet. His father was Rai Saheb Pemba Tsering, a prominent member of the British Political Office having served as British Trade Agent. The Pemba family had also made Gangtok their home, living in the residence of late Tashi Tsering, President of Sikkim State Congress. Tsewang "Yishy" Pemba had no formal education until the age of nine when he started in 1941 at Victoria Boys School in Kurseong where he was until 1948. Decades later he wrote about his experience. In 1949 he went to read Medicine at London University at University College and University College Hospital. In 1955, Tsewang Pemba graduated with M.B. and B.Sc. degrees, the first Tibetan student to receive British medical qualifications. He then was recruited by the future Prime Minister of Bhutan, Jigme Dorji, to establish that country’s first hospital and worked in Bhutan from 1956 to 1958. In 1959, Dr. Pemba moved to Darjeeling where he worked until 1965 for Dooars and Darjeeling medical association hospital (DDMA) run by the Indian Tea Association when he also looked after the Tibetan Refugee School and the Tibetan Refugee Self Help Center. In 1959, the uprising in Lhasa, Tibet, against the occupying Chinese forces caused thousands of refugees to India, and many to Darjeeling. Pemba volunteered to work at the Tibetan Refugee School and soon became a well-known figure amongst many high-ranking Tibetan lamas; those he treated included Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, the 16th Karmapa; Dilgo Khyentse Rimpoche; Dudjom Rinpoche, an incarnation of a 1,000-year-old line of spiritual masters; Great Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö; Chatral Rinpoche; Kalu Rinpoche; Tai Situ Rinpoche and Shamarpa. In 1965 he returned to Britain to specialise in surgery and in 1966 he was awarded the Hallett Prize for coming first in the primary examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons; he became a Fellow in 1967. He returned to Darjeeling to work until about the mid-1980s, at this time he befriended Thomas Merton. Dr. Pemba, then returned to Bhutan to become Superintendent of the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. He was also appointed to be a United Nations certifying doctor and sat on the committee devising a Bhutan national formulary. In 1989, was a member of the Bhutan delegation to WHO in Geneva. While in Bhutan, Dr Pemba served as consulting physician to Bhutan’s royal family in this period as well. Dr Tsewang Yishey Pemba died at Siliguri on November 26, 2011. He is survived by his wife, Tsering Sangmo, and four children. A fifth child predeceased him in 2009. == Books == Young Days in Tibet (1957). Autobiography. Idols on the Path (1966). The first Tibetan English novel. White Crane, Lend Me Your Wings (2017, Delhi: Niyogi Books). Posthumously published work.1

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Eastern Air Lines Flight 980<EOT>1

Eastern Air Lines Flight 980

Eastern Air Lines Flight 980 was a scheduled international flight from Asunción, Paraguay, to Miami, Florida, United States. On January 1, 1985, while descending towards La Paz, Bolivia, for a scheduled stopover, the Boeing 727 jetliner operating the flight struck Mount Illimani at an altitude of 19,600 feet (6,000 m), killing all 29 people on board. The wreckage was scattered over a large area of a glacier covered with snow. Over the decades, several search expeditions were only able to recover a small amount of debris, and to date both flight recorders are still missing. The accident remains the highest-altitude controlled flight into terrain in commercial aviation history.

Eastern Air Lines Flight 980 was a scheduled international flight from Asunción, Paraguay, to Miami, Florida, United States. On January 1, 1985, while descending towards La Paz, Bolivia, for a scheduled stopover, the Boeing 727 jetliner operating the flight struck Mount Illimani at an altitude of 19,600 feet (6,000 m), killing all 29 people on board. The wreckage was scattered over a large area of a glacier covered with snow. Over the decades, several search expeditions were only able to recover a small amount of debris, and to date both flight recorders are still missing. The accident remains the highest-altitude controlled flight into terrain in commercial aviation history. == Accident == Flight 980 had departed Asunción at 17:57 on January 1, 1985. On board were 19 passengers and a crew of 10. The Houston-based cockpit crew consisted of Captain Larry Campbell, First Officer Kenneth Rhodes, and Flight Engineer Mark Bird. The cabin crew comprised five Chilean flight attendants based in Santiago: Paul Adler, Pablo Letelier, Marilyn MacQueen, Robert O'Brien, and Paula Valenzuela. The 19 passengers were from Paraguay, South Korea, and the United States. Among the passengers was the wife of the U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay, Marian Davis, and two Eastern pilots flying as passengers. At 19:37 the pilot told controllers in La Paz he estimated landing at 19:47. The crew was cleared to descend from 25,000 feet to 18,000 feet. At some point after this exchange, the aircraft veered significantly off course for unknown reasons, possibly to avoid weather. The accident occurred 25 miles from runway 9R at El Alto Airport. == On-site investigation == In October 1985, the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) selected Greg Feith, an air safety investigator, to lead a team of U.S. investigators and Bolivian mountain guides to conduct an on-site examination of the wreckage of Flight 980, which had come to rest around 6,126 metres (20,098 ft). Feith conducted the on-site investigation with the goal of finding the flight data recorder (FDR) and the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), as well as retrieving other critical information; however, because the wreckage was spread over a vast area and covered by 6 to 9 m (20 to 30 ft) of snow, his fellow team members and he were unable to locate either of the "black boxes". He did retrieve various small parts of the aircraft cockpit, official flight-related paperwork, and some items from the passenger cabin. == Discovery of the wreckage == Over the years, the debris moved along with the glacier and eventually emerged enough that climbers were able to uncover wreckage in 2006. No bodies were found, though various personal effects of the passengers were recovered. Local climbers believed it was only a matter of time before bodies, the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder emerged from the ice. == Discovery of flight recorder remnants == On June 4, 2016, after one of the warmest years on record in the area, human remains and a piece of wreckage labelled 'CKPT VO RCDR' were recovered by a team of five in the Andes mountains. Dan Futrell and Isaac Stoner of Operation Thonapa recovered six large orange metal segments and several damaged pieces of magnetic tape. On January 4, 2017, Futrell and Stoner – who had been inspired to undertake the search by reading of Flight 980 in the Wikipedia article "List of unrecovered flight recorders" – met with NTSB investigator Bill English to officially hand off the recovered components, following the approval in December 2016 of the Bolivian General Directorate of Civil Aviation for the NTSB to proceed with the analysis attempt. On 7 February 2017, the NTSB released a statement, according to which what had been found was not the cockpit flight recorder, "but rather the rack that had fixed it on to the plane — and [a] promising spool of tape turned out to be 'an 18-minute recording of the Trial by Treehouse episode of the television series I Spy, dubbed in Spanish'." == Passenger List == 1

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Lumding Junction railway station<EOT>1

Lumding Junction railway station

Lumding is a junction railway station on the Guwahati-Lumding section. It is located in Hojai district in the Indian state of Assam. It serves Lumding and the surrounding areas.

Lumding is a junction railway station on the Guwahati-Lumding section. It is located in Hojai district in the Indian state of Assam. It serves Lumding and the surrounding areas. == History == In the pre-partition days, Assam was linked to Chittagong through the Akhaura-Kulaura-Chhatak Line and Akhaura-Laksam-Chittagong Line. The Chittagong link had been constructed in response to the demand of the Assam tea planters for a railway link to Chittagong port. Assam Bengal Railway started construction of a railway track on the eastern side of Bengal in 1891. A 150-kilometre long (93 mi) track between Chittagong and Comilla was opened to traffic in 1895. The Comilla-Akhaura-Kalaura-Badarpur section was opened in 1896–1898 and extended to Lumding in 1903. Assam Bengal Railway opened the Lumding-Guwahati line in 1900. After independence and partition, the entire Guwahati-Lumding-Dibrugarh-Tinsukia sector was converted from metre gauge to broad gauge by 1997. The Lumding-Silchar gauge conversion work was scheduled to be completed in March–April 2015. == Amenities == Lumding railway station has two double-bedded AC retiring rooms, seven double-bedded non-AC retiring rooms and a three-bedded dormitory. == Loco shed == There is a metre gauge loco shed at Lumding. When the entire Guwahati-Lumding-Dibrugarh line was converted to broad gauge, the Lumding-Badarpur-Silchar line has also been converted to broad gauge. The YDM-4 metre gauge locos from New Guwahati loco shed were transferred to Lumding. == Lumding railway division == Lumding railway division was created on 1 May 1969.1

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Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin<EOT>I found this article of great interest being married into the Taylor Family myself and being a native of Windermere myself. I am researching Bishop Richard Watson who is also laid to rest here, in the same vicinity . Richard Watson who built Calgarth Hall. My mothers maiden name is Watson and her Ancestors are in St Anthony’s Cartmel Fell. I have mixed race Sons, myself, so found this very emotional. I am writing a book and will pose this question. Is it possible that Rasselas was the natural son of Peter Taylor? 1

Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin

Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin is a 1745 oil-on-canvas painting by the English artist William Hogarth. A conversational picture, it shows Captain Lord George Graham, of the Royal Navy, in the cabin of his ship with several people. The painting was probably commissioned by Graham to commemorate a naval battle he had fought recently. While commanding a 24-gun sixth rate, he had been one of three British ships to attack a squadron of three powerful French privateers and their prizes. The British were successful in their engagement, capturing all of the prizes, and all but one of the privateers. Lauded for his achievements, Graham was given another, larger, ship to command. The painting is probably set aboard this new command, the 60-gun HMS Nottingham, and shows Graham relaxing in the great cabin before a meal, smoking a pipe. With him are the ship's chaplain and clerk, who sing and listen to music played by a black servant. A steward brings a roast duck to the table. Two dogs are also present in the scene, one joins in the singing, the other wears a wig and reads a sheet of music. The scene contains elements of satire and symbolism, in common with Hogarth's other works. The relaxed scene contrasts the tension of the naval battle it commemorates, with elements of humour including the officious pose and behaviour of one of the dogs, who apes Graham's official position. The steward looks out of the painting at the viewer with a smile, while obliviously tipping gravy down the chaplain's back. The positioning and depiction of Graham and the black servant invite comparisons, with Hogarth's presentation of black subjects in paintings being studied by later academics. Hogarth drew from his own experience in group portraits, and was probably influenced by an earlier cabin work by Bartolomeo Nazari. Graham's enjoyment of the painting was short-lived, he died in 1747. His family kept the portrait in their collections until 1932, when it was sold to Sir James Caird, who subsequently donated it to the National Maritime Museum, where it remains.

Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin is a 1745 oil-on-canvas painting by the English artist William Hogarth. A conversational picture, it shows Captain Lord George Graham, of the Royal Navy, in the cabin of his ship with several people. The painting was probably commissioned by Graham to commemorate a naval battle he had fought recently. While commanding a 24-gun sixth rate, he had been one of three British ships to attack a squadron of three powerful French privateers and their prizes. The British were successful in their engagement, capturing all of the prizes, and all but one of the privateers. Lauded for his achievements, Graham was given another, larger, ship to command. The painting is probably set aboard this new command, the 60-gun HMS Nottingham, and shows Graham relaxing in the great cabin before a meal, smoking a pipe. With him are the ship's chaplain and clerk, who sing and listen to music played by a black servant. A steward brings a roast duck to the table. Two dogs are also present in the scene, one joins in the singing, the other wears a wig and reads a sheet of music. The scene contains elements of satire and symbolism, in common with Hogarth's other works. The relaxed scene contrasts the tension of the naval battle it commemorates, with elements of humour including the officious pose and behaviour of one of the dogs, who apes Graham's official position. The steward looks out of the painting at the viewer with a smile, while obliviously tipping gravy down the chaplain's back. The positioning and depiction of Graham and the black servant invite comparisons, with Hogarth's presentation of black subjects in paintings being studied by later academics. Hogarth drew from his own experience in group portraits, and was probably influenced by an earlier cabin work by Bartolomeo Nazari. Graham's enjoyment of the painting was short-lived, he died in 1747. His family kept the portrait in their collections until 1932, when it was sold to Sir James Caird, who subsequently donated it to the National Maritime Museum, where it remains. == Background == Lord George Graham was a younger son of James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose, and had entered the Royal Navy at a young age. He served with some distinction during the wars of the early eighteenth century, and also entered politics, sitting as member of parliament through his father's interest. He was appointed to command the 24-gun HMS Bridgewater in 1745 and cruised in the English Channel. While cruising in the Channel off Ostend on 2 July, in company with the 24-gun HMS Sheerness under Captain William Gordon, and the armed vessel Ursula under Lieutenant Fergusson, Graham came across three large privateers from Dunkirk, sailing in company with their captured prize vessels. The French privateers were the 28-gun Royal, 26-gun Duchesse de Penthierre, and a 12-gun dogger. They had captured seven prizes, and were taking them into Dunkirk. The British force attacked them early in the morning of 3 July. After a fierce fight lasting until 4.am, four of the prizes surrendered to the Sheerness, the Royal and Duchesse de Penthierre struck their colours to the Bridgewater, and the Ursula captured the remaining three prizes. The dogger managed to escape. For his success in the engagement, Graham was commended to the First Lord of the Admiralty, John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, and was given command of a larger ship, the 60-gun HMS Nottingham. He probably commissioned a portrait from Hogarth at about this time, and the resulting painting is believed to be set aboard Graham's new command, which in late 1745 was on the Downs station. == Positioning == Graham is seated to the right of the picture, on the left of the table that divides the picture. He is seen in full length, facing forwards though looking to the side, while smoking a long pipe. Standing to Graham's right, his lower half obscured by the table cloth, a man holds a sheet of music and is in the act of singing. The third member of the dining party is seated on the left of the painting, and like Graham is visible in full length. Ronald Paulson identifies them as the ship's clerk and chaplain. The music the men are listening or singing along to is provided by a black manservant, standing on the right of the painting and playing a pipe and tabor. A steward stands opposite him on the left of the painting, framing the composition. The steward holds a plate of roast duck, but looks out of the painting towards the viewer with a smile, while gravy drips from the plate down the back of the chaplain's coat. The remaining members of the portrait are two dogs. One is Graham's own, sitting at the chaplain's feet and apparently joining in the singing. The other, sat on his haunches on a chair on the right of the painting, is Hogarth's own pug, Trump. Trump, his tongue lolling out and wearing Graham's wig, holds a scroll and appears to read from his own sheet of music, balanced against a wine glass in front of him. == Clothing == The men are well dressed, Graham smokes a pipe while wearing a fur-lined red velvet cape and a red velvet cap which is slightly askew. The grey coat he wears with a white neckerchief is opened at the chest, revealing a gold-brocade waistcoat, his lower half is clothed in breeches, stockings and slippers. The chaplain wears a black coat with a white collar, grey stockings and black shoes with gold buckles, the costume of a social inferior to Graham, but indicating his educated status. The clerk's dress is similarly simple, a brown jacket, bluish-green waistcoat and white collar, while the steward wears a white apron, smock and cap with a black collar, and brown trousers. The black servant's dress is richer, a white cap and pink neckerchief, and a green buttoned velvet coat with a yellow waistcoat. Trump wears Graham's wig. The colours of the painting are mostly of cool greys, blues and reds, with the brown of some of the clothes and the wooden pilaster panelling, and the lighter blue through the window on the left of the painting. == Imagery and symbolism == Hogarth included numerous elements in the painting. The scene is probably the great cabin of Graham's latest command, and the sails of ships are visible through the line of windows on the left of the painting. The furniture and objects are luxurious and the room is richly panelled and decorated. The chaplain holds a ledger and at his feet is a large famille-rose punch bowl, the punch bowl being an invitation to the viewer to join the levity at the table. He is separated from Graham across the table by a salt-cellar, possibly symbolising their social difference. His presence at the captain's table for this informal occasion nevertheless indicates that he is a privileged member of Graham's entourage. The clerk, standing in the centre of the portrait and uniting the two-halves, holds the music he is singing from, possibly entitled 'Farewell my Judy'. Jeremy Barlow speculates that this might be a sentimental love song. The two servants frame the picture, the black servant playing a pipe and tabor. The combination of these musical instruments had a popular accompaniment to dancing for several centuries, but was in decline in England by the eighteenth century. Barlow considers Hogarth's representation of the tabor pipe a poor one, arguing that it is too short and has too many holes to be the usual three-holed tabor pipe, the boy holds it too far up its length and does not cover all the holes. Barlow points out that Hogarth may have intended the instrument to be a flabiol instead. He also notes that the lively music the instruments would have produced would be unlikely to complement a sentimental ballad that the clerk appears to be singing, and instead suggests the painting combines and conflates a number of typical activities in the cabin into one scene. The dogs join the people, their inclusion with the servants in the portrait invites commentary on Graham's circle. Trump's officious pose and lolling tongue, while wearing Graham's wig and brandishing the scroll of paper, makes light of the formality of Graham's position. Trump represents Hogarth in the painting, while his pose with the scroll, as used by musical conductors of the time, suggest that he may be the humorous conductor for the music and singing taking place. The steward stands at the left of the painting under a hanging crown compass, and carelessly drips gravy down the chaplain's neck, adding a final element of farce to the setting. In the relaxed and informal setting of the cabin, adding touches of humour and foolishness, Hogarth provides a contrast with the dangers of the pitched battle that the painting commemorates. The black servant in the painting reveals Hogarth's careful study of black and white forms. His positioning, clothes and stance echoes Graham's with his pipe, but they face different directions so as to present different profiles. The red of Graham's cape connects with the colour of the servant's neckcloth, while their similar caps, coats and waistcoats heighten the sense of connection, with the servant given equally colourful and variegated clothing. The facial features and textures are similar, showing off their youthfulness, while Graham's fair skin and the servant's dark skin complements and contrasts each other. Hogarth has also varied the appearance of the dark skin to show that the colour is not uniform, but changes in the light. Art historian David Bindman argued that Hogarth's representation of the servant avoided the traditional stereotypes of black people in art. == Influences == It is unknown whether the idea for the setting came from Graham or Hogarth, though Hogarth had already produced a similarly composed conversational piece for John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, entitled Lord Hervey and His Friends. Hogarth reworked the concept for a naval setting, though he probably also drew inspiration from a 1732 painting by Bartolomeo Nazari. Nazari produced a similar cabin scene showing Lord Boyne and his companions during a voyage to Lisbon from Venice. A number of elements, such as the hanging compass, punch bowl, and the presence of animals, were included in Hogarth's work. Nazari's work had been popular, resulting in a large number of copies, and Hogarth knew Boyne, having painted his portrait. == Ownership == Graham did not enjoy his portrait for long, dying on 2 January 1747. The painting remained in the collections of the Dukes of Montrose and was exhibited on a number of occasions; at Glasgow in 1888, the Royal Naval College in 1891 and at the Royal Academy in 1934. It was purchased by Sir James Caird in 1932, and was a particular favourite of his. It was later presented to the National Maritime Museum, where it remains today. Cabin scenes are rare in oil painting, and the museum considers this to be the most famous example in British art. == Citations == Laughton. "Graham, James (d.1742)". Dictionary of National Biography. 22. p. 323. Sedgwick (ed.). "Graham, Lord George (1715–47)". The History of Parliament. Winfield. British Warships in the Age of Sail. p. 245. Charnock. Biographia Navalis. p. 24. "Captain Lord George Graham, 1715–47, in his Cabin". Retrieved 27 February 2013. Gollannek. Empire Follows Art. pp. 161–2. Paulson. Hogarth: High Art and Low 1732–1750. p. 176. Paulson. Hogarth: High Art and Low 1732–1750. p. 177. Evans. Windsor-Chair Making in America. p. 399. Blake. Evangelicals in the Royal Navy, 1775–1815. p. 77. Barlow. The Enraged Musician. p. 135. Barlow. The Enraged Musician. pp. 242–4. Barlow. The Enraged Musician. p. 35. Dabydeen. Hogarth's Blacks. pp. 44–6. Wagner. "Hogarth and the Other". pp. 34–5. Manson, Leighton and Lowe. Hogarth. p. 43. Littlewood and Butler. Of Ships and Stars. p. 66.1

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Currier<EOT>. . . Ultimately, Currier is an independent, with no seeming allegiance to any creed . . . " 1

Currier

A currier is a specialist in the leather processing industry. After the tanning process, the currier applies techniques of dressing, finishing and colouring to the tanned hide to make it strong, flexible and waterproof. The leather is stretched and burnished to produce a uniform thickness and suppleness, and dyeing and other chemical finishes give the leather its desired colour. After currying, the leather is then ready to pass to the fashioning trades such as saddlery, bridlery, shoemaking and glovemaking.1

A currier is a specialist in the leather processing industry. After the tanning process, the currier applies techniques of dressing, finishing and colouring to the tanned hide to make it strong, flexible and waterproof. The leather is stretched and burnished to produce a uniform thickness and suppleness, and dyeing and other chemical finishes give the leather its desired colour. After currying, the leather is then ready to pass to the fashioning trades such as saddlery, bridlery, shoemaking and glovemaking.1

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Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8<EOT>1

Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8

Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8 is a historic one room school located at Sodus in Wayne County, New York. The Federal style, cobblestone building is a one story, three bay, center hall gable roofed structure with a louvered, gable roofed bell tower. It was built about 1834 and is constructed of irregularly shaped, multi-colored, field cobbles. It ceased to function as a school in 1950 and is now a local historical museum used for school groups. The structure is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8 is a historic one room school located at Sodus in Wayne County, New York. The Federal style, cobblestone building is a one story, three bay, center hall gable roofed structure with a louvered, gable roofed bell tower. It was built about 1834 and is constructed of irregularly shaped, multi-colored, field cobbles. It ceased to function as a school in 1950 and is now a local historical museum used for school groups. The structure is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. == Gallery == 1

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Oleg Khlevniuk<EOT>1

Oleg Khlevniuk

Oleg Vitalyevich Khlevniuk (Russian: Олег Витальевич Хлевнюк, born July 7, 1959 Vinnytsia, Ukrainian SSR) is a historian and a senior researcher at the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow. Much of his writing on Stalinist Soviet Union is based on newly released archival documents, including personal correspondence, drafts of Central Committee paperwork, new memoirs, and interviews with former functionaries and the families of Politburo members. Gleb Pavlovsky has characterized him as a "leading Russian historian of Stalinism" He also a corresponding fellow of Royal Historical Society.

Oleg Vitalyevich Khlevniuk (Russian: Олег Витальевич Хлевнюк, born July 7, 1959 Vinnytsia, Ukrainian SSR) is a historian and a senior researcher at the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow. Much of his writing on Stalinist Soviet Union is based on newly released archival documents, including personal correspondence, drafts of Central Committee paperwork, new memoirs, and interviews with former functionaries and the families of Politburo members. Gleb Pavlovsky has characterized him as a "leading Russian historian of Stalinism" He also a corresponding fellow of Royal Historical Society. == Works == Publications: The History of the Gulag originally published in Russian. Cold Peace: Stalin And The Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945-1953 The role of Gosplan in economic decision-making in the 1930s In Stalin's shadow: the career of "Sergo" Ordzhonikidze Stalin: new biography of a dictator == Award == Khlevniuk has received Alexander Nove Prize (with Yoram Gorlizki) from British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies 2004 for the book Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945-1953.1

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Jonathan M. Katz<EOT>Hui C, Kern RM, Wojciechowski D, Kukreja J, Golden JA, Hays SR, Singer J . Use of Belatacept in a Lung Transplant Recipient. J Invest Med High Impact Case Reports. 2014; (Jul-Sept):1-3. 1

Jonathan M. Katz

Jonathan Myerson Katz (born 1980) – also known as Jonathan M. Katz – is an American journalist and author. He was the only full-time American news correspondent stationed in Haiti during the January 2010 earthquake.

Jonathan Myerson Katz (born 1980) – also known as Jonathan M. Katz – is an American journalist and author. He was the only full-time American news correspondent stationed in Haiti during the January 2010 earthquake. == Background and education == Katz was born in Queens, New York to David Katz, a pediatrician, and Barbara Myerson Katz, a magazine and television writer. The family moved when he was young, and Katz grew up in Louisville, Kentucky. In 2002, he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in history and American Studies. Katz returned to Northwestern for a master's degree in journalism from the Medill School of Journalism in 2004. During his undergraduate years, he was a reporter, editor, and cartoonist for The Daily Northwestern. == Adult life == == Early career == Katz began working as a reporter while in graduate school at Medill, where his assignments included covering the Pentagon for Lee Enterprises at the start of the Iraq War. He first reported for the Associated Press as an intern while stationed in Jerusalem during Second Intifada in fall 2003. Katz got his full-time start at Congressional Quarterly in 2004 as a committees reporter. The following year, he joined the AP's Washington Bureau, where he broke the major political story that Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist (then the frontrunner for the Republican presidential nomination) had sold all his stock in his family's hospital corporation immediately before the price dropped. Katz moved to the Dominican Republic to be AP correspondent in 2006, and then to Port-au-Prince, Haiti in October 2007. His major stories for the AP during this time included articles on the 2008 food crisis and riots, the 2008 Pétion-Ville school collapse, election fraud, and hurricanes and tropical storms ravaging the country. == 2010 Haiti earthquake, aftermath and cholera == Katz was the only full-time American correspondent in Haiti when the 2010 Haiti earthquake struck on January 12, 2010. Katz, then 29, was on the second floor of his rented house in the Pétion-Ville neighborhood when the swaying started at approximately 4:45 p.m. He rushed outside barefoot as his house collapsed, scrambling to find a phone to report the news. He borrowed a Blackberry on the street, and in doing so was the first to report the earthquake, sending out an alert that hit the wire at the same time as the U.S. Geological Survey's initial report of the quake. In an unusual move for a wire service, AP ran Katz's first-person account of surviving the quake the next day. In the months after the earthquake, Katz stayed in Haiti to report on the country's recovery process, and issues with the delivery of foreign aid, specifically from the U.S. That fall he broke the story that UN peacekeepers were the likely cause of a post-quake cholera epidemic that has since become the deadliest in recent history, killing more than 8,500 people. The UN refused to allow an independent investigation until giving in after three months. Among the pressure cited by observers was Katz's reporting, which "spread almost instantly around the world, irrevocably reframing a massive health crisis and probably changing international policies for years to come." As of 2013 the United Nations has not accepted responsibility for the outbreak. For the courage he showed in striving to report on the earthquake and its aftermath, Katz won the 2010 Medill Medal for Courage in Journalism. Other recognition has included a National Headliners Award and finalist recognition by the Livingston Award and Michael Kelly Award for the "fearless pursuit and expression of truth." == Post-Haiti work == Katz went on to report in Mexico during drug wars, and he edited for AP until leaving the organization to write The Big Truck that Went By in 2012. He is now a regular New York Times contributor whose coverage has included U.S. police violence and the 2015 murders of Muslim students in Chapel Hill, N.C. Katz's work has also appeared in the New York Times Magazine, New Republic, Guardian, Foreign Policy, Politico, and New Yorker website, with grants from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. == Book == Katz, Jonathan M. The Big Truck That Went By: How the World Came to Save Haiti and Left Behind a Disaster. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. ISBN 978-0230341876 The Big Truck That Went By was shortlisted for the PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Non-Fiction, one of the premier prizes in writing. It also won the 2013 Cornelius Ryan Award for "the best nonfiction book on international affairs" by the Overseas Press Club of America. It was the first book ever to win the J. Anthony Lukas Work-in Progress Award and later be named a finalist for the J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize from the Columbia School of Journalism and Harvard's Nieman Foundation for significant works of nonfiction. It also won the 2013 WOLA-Duke Human Rights Book Award, an award given annually by the Washington Office on Latin America and Duke University to honor nonfiction books with a clear focus on human rights, democracy, and social justice in contemporary Latin America. == Awards == == For The Big Truck That Went By == Shortlisted for the PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Non-Fiction Barnes & Noble "Discover Great New Writers" Selection 2012 J. Anthony Lukas Work-in-Progress Award "to aid the completion of a significant work of nonfiction" from Columbia Graduate School of Journalism and Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard and finalist for 2014 J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize 2013 WOLA-Duke Human Rights Book Award for his contribution to the public's understanding of human rights, democracy, and social justice in contemporary Latin America. 2013 Overseas Press Club of America Cornelius Ryan Award for the "best nonfiction book on international affairs." == For reporting == 2010 Medill Medal for Courage in Journalism Finalist for 2011 Michael Kelly Award 2011 National Headliner Award, 1st Place News Beat Coverage 2011 & 2009 SPJ Deadline Club of New York Awards Finalist for Livingston Award for International Reporting by journalists under 35 in 2009 and 2014 == Video == AP interview after quake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKp9SQoSCQE AP interview on first anniversary of quake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79DW3CVpsBs ABC interview on first anniversary of quake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-S9NBIiEq4 2011 Medill Medal for Courage in Journalism award lecture at Northwestern University, Part I: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6pWLvd4Ouk and Part II: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoyhBNjeu0w Speech at Overseas Press Club Awards: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQTjFaWiZrE1

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AS03<EOT>1

AS03

AS03 (for "Adjuvant System 03") is the trade name for a squalene-based immunologic adjuvant used in various vaccine products by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). It is used, for example, in GSK's A/H1N1 pandemic flu vaccine Pandemrix. Also in Arepannix and the new Q-pan for H5N1 influenza. A dose of AS03 adjuvant contains 10.69 mg squalene 11.86 mg DL-α-tocopherol 4.86 mg polysorbate 80 Small observational studies reported from Finland and Sweden in 2012, and larger studies from Ireland reported in 2012, and reported in each of England, Norway and France in 2013, found an association between narcolepsy and an A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine that used AS03 adjuvant; the rates ranged from one in 16,000 doses to one in 50,000 doses. As of 2016 it was unclear whether or not the adjuvant was responsible; other suspected causes include genetic susceptibility, exposure to A(H1N1)pdm09, manufacturing impurities, and combinations of these factors.1

AS03 (for "Adjuvant System 03") is the trade name for a squalene-based immunologic adjuvant used in various vaccine products by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). It is used, for example, in GSK's A/H1N1 pandemic flu vaccine Pandemrix. Also in Arepannix and the new Q-pan for H5N1 influenza. A dose of AS03 adjuvant contains 10.69 mg squalene 11.86 mg DL-α-tocopherol 4.86 mg polysorbate 80 Small observational studies reported from Finland and Sweden in 2012, and larger studies from Ireland reported in 2012, and reported in each of England, Norway and France in 2013, found an association between narcolepsy and an A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine that used AS03 adjuvant; the rates ranged from one in 16,000 doses to one in 50,000 doses. As of 2016 it was unclear whether or not the adjuvant was responsible; other suspected causes include genetic susceptibility, exposure to A(H1N1)pdm09, manufacturing impurities, and combinations of these factors.1

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Mercedes-Benz A-Class<EOT>Compact car like mini cooper .i louv . its front projector shine like anything . its interior is also very nice . back seat is is comfortable and adjustable. its nice .its price also afforadable, according to mercedes benz. its one one brand of luxurious brand of cars. i was shocked when i see on road this mercedes benz Aclass, on road . when i checked up its price i got shocked, . Actualy Mercedes benz A class giving competetion to that audi A3 . when see in parking , i thought mercedes benz al... 8 <doc-sep> Mercedes-Benz A-Class is available in India 27.45 – 28.45 Lac . Mercedes Benz A Class A180 Sport is the best base model in the hatchback’s range powered by the 1.6 litre petrol engine. 1

Mercedes-Benz A-Class

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class is a compact car (subcompact in its first two generations) produced by the German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz. The first generation (W168) was introduced in 1997, the second generation model (W169) appeared in late 2004, and the third generation model (W176) was launched in 2012. It is often referred to rather affectionately by fans as the 'Baby Benz'. Originally launched only as a four-door hatchback in 1997, the second generation W169 introduced a three-door hatchback. In the markets that the A-Class is or has been sold in, it has represented the entry level model of Mercedes-Benz. Having grown by 68 cm (27 in) since the original model, the 2012 A-class is now longer than the first-generation B-class.

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class is a compact car (subcompact in its first two generations) produced by the German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz. The first generation (W168) was introduced in 1997, the second generation model (W169) appeared in late 2004, and the third generation model (W176) was launched in 2012. It is often referred to rather affectionately by fans as the 'Baby Benz'. Originally launched only as a four-door hatchback in 1997, the second generation W169 introduced a three-door hatchback. In the markets that the A-Class is or has been sold in, it has represented the entry level model of Mercedes-Benz. Having grown by 68 cm (27 in) since the original model, the 2012 A-class is now longer than the first-generation B-class. == First generation (W168; 1997–2004) == == History == Launched at the Frankfurt Motor Show in the autumn of 1997, the W168 A-Class was quite unusual for Mercedes-Benz featuring a front wheel drive layout and unusual tall yet short body. One innovation of the W168 was a frontal-impact absorption system called the "Sandwich" (see patents DE4326 9 and DE4400132 in the name of Mercedes-Benz). In the event of a violent frontal impact, the engine and transmission would slide underneath the floor below the pedals rather than entering the passenger compartment. This was the first complete exterior designed by Coventry University trained Steve Mattin, for which he was named Autocar magazine's 'Designer of the Year'. Earlier, Mattin had mostly worked on design for the W210 E-Class in 1991. Concurrent to the W168, he designed the exterior of the W220 S-Class. The final design freeze occurred in January 1995, at 32 months before August 1997 start of production. The W168 became infamous in 1997 after flipping over during the traditional "elk test" performed by the Swedish automobile publication Teknikens Värld. According to the report, the W168 overturned when manoeuvring to avoid the "elk". Mercedes initially denied the problem, but then took the surprising step of recalling all units sold to date (2,600) and suspending sales for three months until the problem was solved by adding electronic stability control and modifying the suspension. The company spent DM 2.5 billion in developing the car, with a further DM 300 million to fix it. Between 1997 and 2004, 1.1 million first generation A-Class models had been sold. The A-Class was facelifted in 2001, with minor alterations to the front and rear bumper design and the addition of a new 170 mm (6.7 in) longer wheelbase version. It was launched at the Geneva Motor Show. == Engines == All A-Class models are powered by four-cylinder engines, with 1.4 L and 1.6 L petrol models at launch (M 166 series), followed by two versions of a 1.7 L diesel engine (OM 668 series). In 1999, a larger 1.9 L petrol model was added, with the 2.1 the last W168 version to be launched in 2002. == Safety == == Production == DaimlerChrysler invested EUR 900 million in developing the Rastatt plant where the A-Class is produced, and created 1600 new jobs (for a total of 4700). A further 600 people work in the office building at the plant site. Mercedes-Benz began W168 production on 17 February 1999 at its new Brazilian facility in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. The Brazilian plant was the company's first factory in South America dedicated to passenger cars, with an investment of USD 840 million and 10,000 employees. The factory initially produced A-Class and C-Class models, assembling them from pieces manufactured in Germany. The target for the cars was regional markets (from Argentina to Mexico) with modifications made to the cars to suit local conditions, like a protection for the motor base. On 15 August 2005 the factory stopped production of A-Class cars. == Second generation (W169; 2004–2012) == == Initial release == The W169 is constructed with high-strength steel alloys with bonded joints. It has a large number of airbags including optional rear side airbags (for side-impacts in the backseats), optional side-curtain airbags, and standard head and thorax-protection side airbags. The front airbags are adaptive with two-stage gas generators operating according to the severity of accident. The force exerted by the seat belt system during a collision adapts dynamically depending upon the collision characteristics. The 'active' head restraints (standard for driver and front passenger) give enhanced protection from neck injury, especially during rear collisions. The angle of the A-pillar is flatter than the windshield angle. The cargo capacity of the W169 was increased by 15 percent compared with the W168. Seven types of motors are available, and all are four-cylinders: four petrol (gasoline) (A 150, A 170, A 200, A 200 Turbo) and three diesel (A 160 CDI, A 180 CDI, A 200 CDI) partnered with either five- or six-speed manual gearbox. A continuously variable transmission system called "Autotronic Constantly Variable Transmission" (CVT) is an optional feature. The petrol A 200 Turbo provides 193 hp (144 kW) and 280 N·m (207 lb·ft) of torque (rotational force); the diesel A200 CDI has 140 hp (104 kW) and 300 N·m (221 lb·ft). The most powerful model can take the car from a standstill to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 8.0 seconds, and has a top speed of 218 km/h (135 mph). The newly developed direct-injection CDI diesel units use a common-rail direct injection system that improves fuel consumption and reduces exhaust emissions and noise levels. All the engines meet the tight EU4 emissions limits. A particulate filter system is available as an option for the diesel units which reduces the particulate emissions by about 99% without the need for additives. The A-Class is a front wheel drive car and features traction control (ASR) as standard, as well as electronic stability control and anti-lock brakes (ABS). Handling is improved by precision tracking and anti-roll support, and by a Parabolic Rear Axle. A "Selective Damping System", in which the shock absorber forces respond differently according to conditions, is standard. For example, under normal conditions it operates at soft absorption; while cornering at speed it changes to full damping force. Sales of the W169 were targeted at 50,000 units in 2004. Dr. Joachim Schmidt, Executive Vice President Sales and Marketing, Mercedes Car Group, said that target had been reached even before vehicles arrived in dealer showrooms. Japan models went on sale in 2005-02-04. Early models include 5-door right drive versions of A 170, A 170 Elegance, A 200 Elegance. 5-door right drive version of A 200 TURBO Elegance was added in 2005-11-10. Due to the body width was larger than 1700mm, it could not be registered as small car in Japan. (See Vehicle size class#Japan) == Mercedes-Benz A-Class “F-Cell” (2004–) == It is a version of 5-door A-Class hydrogen fuel cell vehicle with 88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) electric motor. It has a driving range of 160 km (99 mi). Three A-Class F-Cell cars were used in 2003 Frankfurt International Motor Show for press shuttle service. On June 18, 2004, 4 production F-Cell vehicles were delivered to Deutsche Telekom and BEWAG/Vattenfall Europe in Berlin. In 2007, the A-Class F-Cell were delivered to Landsvirkjun and Reykjavik Energy. A DHL version of F-Cell was unveiled in FC EXPO 2008. == 2008 update == The W169 Model facelift changes included redesigned front and rear bumpers and lights, and stop-start function option on A 150 and 170 models. Active Park Assist enables the car to parallel park itself, with only throttle and brake inputs required from the driver. The five-door Saloon and the three-door Coupé vehicles were unveiled in spring 2008, alongside the refreshed 2009 M-Class and B-Class. Early models include A 160 CDI, A 180 CDI, A 200 CDI, A 150, A 170, A 200, A 200 TURBO. Japan models went on sale in 2008-08-20. Early models 5-door versions of A 170, A 170 Elegance. Japan models of A 170 was renamed to A 180 in 2009-08-24. == A-Class Special Edition 2009 (2009–) == It is a limited (5500 units) version for all model variants of the A-Class vehicles. It includes BlueEfficiency package, black radiator louvres, 16-inch titanium silver light-alloy wheels in a new 9-spoke design (tyre size 195/55 R16), a "Special Edition" badge on the mirror triangle, two-tone colour scheme in black and grey, Audio 20 radio with CD player and Bluetooth hands-free system and the Light and Sight package with a rain sensor, automatically dimming rear-view mirror, an illuminated vanity mirror in the sun visor, separately adjustable reading lights in the rear, a reading light for the driver and illuminated front foot wells, Seating Comfort package (height-adjustable front passenger seat, seat cushion angle adjustment and lumbar supports for the driver and front passenger). Standard exterior features also include fog lamps and a free choice of metallic paint finish. == Mercedes-Benz A-Class E-CELL (2010–) == The Mercedes-Benz A-Class E-CELL was introduced in September 2010 and debuted at the October 2010 Paris Motor Show. The E-Cell has a range of 200 kilometres (120 mi) capable of developing a peak output of 70 kW (94 hp), a continuous power rating of 50 kW (67 hp) and a maximum torque of 290 N·m (214 lb·ft). The Mercedes A-Class E-Cell can accelerate from 0–60 km/h (37 mph) in 5.5 seconds, and its top speed is 150 km/h (93 mph). Tesla Motors, as part of its collaboration with Mercedes-Benz, is building electric powertrain components for the E-Cell. The 36 kWh battery contains approximately 4,000 individual lithium-ion cells. Mercedes has developed a modular system for electric vehicles with battery and fuel-cell. This system allows the efficient use of shared parts in all the brand's electric vehicles. Thanks to the modular approach the electric drive of the A‑Class E‑Cell is also used in the B‑Class F‑Cell, and the energy storage units in the A‑Class EV are the same as the battery in the Smart fortwo electric drive. A limited production of 500 A-Class E-Cell electric cars will be built, for trial purposes, at the Mercedes Rastatt plant, near Stuttgart beginning in September 2010. As part of a demonstration program, the cars will be leased to selected customers in several European countries, including Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Daimler is not planning to sell the electric version outside Europe. == A 180 Final Edition (2012–) == It is a limited (300 units) version of 5-door right drive A 180 for Japan market. It included calcite white body colour, black interior colour, sport package (chrome exhaust tip, 17-inch 7-spoke alloy wheels, chrome iridium silver front grille, stainless acceleration and brake pedals with rubber stud, leather wrapped sport steering wheel and silver shift knob, silver meter panel), bi-xenon headlight and headlight washer, cornering lights, fog lamp (front/rear), rain sensor, sun visor with illuminating mirror, anti-glare mirror, 'Final Edition' emblem, floor mat with 'Final Edition' silver logo plate. The vehicle went on sale in 2012-05-28. == Technical data == == Production == As of December 4, 2006, 371,700 second generation A-Class model had been sold since September 2004, making a total of 1,500,000 A-Class produced at DaimlerChrysler’s Rastatt plant in ten years. As of June 26, 2009, the 750,000th second generation A-Class vehicle was built at Rastatt plant. As of February 1, 2012, 1 million second generation A-Class model had been delivered since autumn 2004. == Third generation (W176; 2012–present) == The production version of the third generation of A-Class vehicles was based on the 2011 Concept A-Class, and was unveiled at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, It has an entirely different design, and larger than the previous two generations of the A-Class, with a total length of 4,292 mm (169.0 in), making it a fully-fledged small family car for the first time. The vehicles were available in some markets from September 2012. Japan models went on sale in January 2013. The third generation A-Class is designed to be a direct competitor to the BMW 1 Series and Audi A3. It is intended to be more dynamic than its predecessor and is focused on younger owners. == Concept A-Class (2011) == The Concept A-Class is a 3-door concept car that previewed the design of the third generation A-Class and was unveiled in 2011 New York Auto Show. It included M270 four-cylinder gasoline engine rated 211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp), radar-based collision warning system with adaptive brake assist, and exterior design language from Mercedes-Benz's F800 concept. == Models == == Driving school package (2012–) == Designed for the German RoadSense programme, the basic driving school package includes adaptation of the cockpit to accommodate the twin sets of pedals, a control switch in the centre console for driver's footwell illumination and warning signal for the twin sets of pedals, twin rearview mirrors, the Light and Sight package and the Seat Comfort package. The package is also part of the special A-Class "toBE" model, with deliveries from January 2013. == A 45 AMG (2013–) == The A 45 AMG is a performance version of the A-Class, fitted with a 2.0-litre four-cylinder turbo engine rated 360 PS (265 kW; 355 hp)@6000rpm and 450 N·m (332 lbf·ft)@2250-5000rpm, AMG Speedshift DCT 7-speed sports transmission with Momentary M mode, 4MATIC all-wheel drive, 3-stage ESP with ESP Curve Dynamic Assist and "ESP Sport Handling" mode, AMG sports suspension with independently developed front and rear axles, high-performance braking system with 350 x 32 millimetres front brake discs and 330 x 22 millimetres rear brake discs, and is identifiable by the "twin blade" radiator grille, AMG light-alloy wheels in twin-spoke design and two square chrome-plated tailpipes. The vehicle was originally announced to be unveiled in first quarter of 2013, and was later unveiled in Geneva Motor Show. Sales release date was set to 8 April 2013, with Germany market launch beginning in June 2013. == Engines == The A-Class is powered by a range of 4-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, with the 1.5 diesel engines being versions of a Renault unit. == Transmissions == == Equipment == Drive Kit Plus for iPhone, Mercedes-Benz phone module with Bluetooth, roof box 400 with Alustyle Quickfix carrier bars, Mercedes Sport product range (a spoiler lip for the front apron, a gleaming black radiator grill, gleaming black exterior mirror casing and waistline trim strip, a roof spoiler and rear apron trims with a diffuser look), light-alloy wheels were developed for the A-Class vehicles. The A-Class in Australia comes standard with 9 airbags. The phone module went on sale on 4th quarter 2012. Mercedes-Benz Sport products were produced for the A-Class (W 176) vehicles. == Marketing == As part of the A-Class launch, Mercedes-Benz started the 'A Rock' concert series with British alternative rock band Placebo. The 5-concert tour took place in Paris, Rome, Zurich, Hamburg, Madrid between June and July 2012. == Production == Production of A-Class began at Mercedes-Benz Rastatt plant in 2012. Mercedes-Benz signed an agreement with the Finnish supplier Valmet Automotive to expand A-Class vehicle production, where Valmet will produce more than 100,000 units for Daimler from 2013 through 2016. Production of A-series BlueDirect 4-cylinder engines took place at Mercedes-Benz engine production plant in Kölleda. == Concept A Saloon == The Mercedes-Benz Concept A Sedan previewed the design of a new four-door entry-level sedan. A production version is set to reach by the end of 2018 and will be part of Mercedes’ eight-model compact car line-up. The planned introduction of the A-Class sedan came in response to customers’ calls for a more practical alternative to Mercedes’ existing price-leading four-door model, the CLA. The model will have a range of four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, including a 400bhp-plus turbocharged 2.0-litre petrol unit in a range-topping A45 4Matic variant. A petrol-electric plug-in hybrid version is also planned, which will offer a pure-electric driving range of up to 31 miles. Alongside standard front-wheel drive, the A-Class sedan will also support Mercedes’ multi-plate clutch 4Matic four-wheel drive system in combination with most engines.1

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Beautiful (Lynsey de Paul song)<EOT>1

Beautiful (Lynsey de Paul song)

"Beautiful" is a song written by Lynsey de Paul. It first appeared as the B-side to her 1977 single "You Give Me Those Feelings" on the Polydor record label and reflected her philosophy that all forms of life are beautiful. It was co-produced by de Paul and Jon Kelly. A reworked version of the song with snatches of songs from de Paul's 1979 Tigers and Fireflies album as a reprise and produced by Rupert Holmes, was featured as the last track on this album. The song finally was released on CD on Lynsey's 2013 double CD anthology Into My Music.1

"Beautiful" is a song written by Lynsey de Paul. It first appeared as the B-side to her 1977 single "You Give Me Those Feelings" on the Polydor record label and reflected her philosophy that all forms of life are beautiful. It was co-produced by de Paul and Jon Kelly. A reworked version of the song with snatches of songs from de Paul's 1979 Tigers and Fireflies album as a reprise and produced by Rupert Holmes, was featured as the last track on this album. The song finally was released on CD on Lynsey's 2013 double CD anthology Into My Music.1

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Nur Shams, Tulkarm<EOT>1

Nur Shams, Tulkarm

Nur Shams (Arabic: مخيّم نور شمس‎‎) is a Palestinian refugee camp in the Tulkarm Governorate in the northwestern West Bank, located three kilometers east of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Nur Shams had a population of 6,479 inhabitants in 2007. 95.1% of the population of Nur Shams were refugees in 1997. The UNRWA-run healthcare facility for Nur Shams camp was re-built in 1996 with contributions from the Government of Germany. Historian Benny Morris describes it as having been "a lonely and exclusively Arab area" in early 1936. During the Mandate period, a British detention camp was situated at Nur Shams. Nur Shams camp was established in 1952 on 226 dunums. The camp was transferred to Palestinian Authority control in November 1998, after the signing of the Wye River Memorandum and the first phase of further Israeli redeployment. The two schools in the camp are in poor condition and are listed on UNRWA's priority list for replacement pending securing of funds to carry out the project. A four story Boys' school was constructed in 2004 and has 1035 pupils, the girls' school was constructed in 2001 and has 975 pupils.1

Nur Shams (Arabic: مخيّم نور شمس‎‎) is a Palestinian refugee camp in the Tulkarm Governorate in the northwestern West Bank, located three kilometers east of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Nur Shams had a population of 6,479 inhabitants in 2007. 95.1% of the population of Nur Shams were refugees in 1997. The UNRWA-run healthcare facility for Nur Shams camp was re-built in 1996 with contributions from the Government of Germany. Historian Benny Morris describes it as having been "a lonely and exclusively Arab area" in early 1936. During the Mandate period, a British detention camp was situated at Nur Shams. Nur Shams camp was established in 1952 on 226 dunums. The camp was transferred to Palestinian Authority control in November 1998, after the signing of the Wye River Memorandum and the first phase of further Israeli redeployment. The two schools in the camp are in poor condition and are listed on UNRWA's priority list for replacement pending securing of funds to carry out the project. A four story Boys' school was constructed in 2004 and has 1035 pupils, the girls' school was constructed in 2001 and has 975 pupils.1

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Eileen Hsieh<EOT>1

Eileen Hsieh

Eileen Hsieh (繁體: 謝雅琳, 简体:谢雅琳) is a bilingual journalist and blogger based in London, and the former host of CNN's weekly Chinese news program which ran from 2009-2011. In April 2009 CNN launched its first-ever Mandarin program on CNN.com, using traditional Chinese characters.

Eileen Hsieh (繁體: 謝雅琳, 简体:谢雅琳) is a bilingual journalist and blogger based in London, and the former host of CNN's weekly Chinese news program which ran from 2009-2011. In April 2009 CNN launched its first-ever Mandarin program on CNN.com, using traditional Chinese characters. == Personal background == She was born in Taiwan and speaks fluent English and Mandarin. == Career == She joined CNN in 2000. Her focus was international news and was a key force in CNN's Iraq war in 2003 and the 2004 U.S. presidential election coverage. In December 2006, she was in Baghdad for Saddam Hussein's execution. In December 2008 she went to Athens, Greece to cover the anarchist riots. She launched CNN's first Chinese news program in April 2009, a weekly news review available on CNN.com. She's also been awarded two Peabody Award for journalism excellence.1

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Royal Order of the Engabu<EOT>1

Royal Order of the Engabu

The Order of the Engabu (English: Order of the Shield) is a single-grade royal order, within the Kingdom of Bunyoro in Uganda and is awarded solely by the Omukama of Bunyoro. The order was established in 2010, replacing the old Royal Order of the Crown. The name change was done to make sure that the Order of the Crown and the Order of the Coronet Wearer were not confused. The honor is junior to the ancient Royal Order of the Omujwaara Kondo. It is normally granted twice a year, once during the Empango ceremony (which most often is on June 11 each year) and the other on the birthday of the Omukama (H.M. Solomon Iguru I's birthday is June 18) Originally the recipients of The Order of the Engabu received a breast star that is 90 millimeters in diameter. This star is worn at Empango ceremonies or other appropriate formal occasions, and members of the order sit in a special place of honor during the Empango events. Originally recipients of the Order of the Engabu were required to attend the Empango ceremony within a few years of receiving the order, but as of May 7, 2014 this practice has been waived. The Order have been researched and recognized by the Augustan Society.

The Order of the Engabu (English: Order of the Shield) is a single-grade royal order, within the Kingdom of Bunyoro in Uganda and is awarded solely by the Omukama of Bunyoro. The order was established in 2010, replacing the old Royal Order of the Crown. The name change was done to make sure that the Order of the Crown and the Order of the Coronet Wearer were not confused. The honor is junior to the ancient Royal Order of the Omujwaara Kondo. It is normally granted twice a year, once during the Empango ceremony (which most often is on June 11 each year) and the other on the birthday of the Omukama (H.M. Solomon Iguru I's birthday is June 18) Originally the recipients of The Order of the Engabu received a breast star that is 90 millimeters in diameter. This star is worn at Empango ceremonies or other appropriate formal occasions, and members of the order sit in a special place of honor during the Empango events. Originally recipients of the Order of the Engabu were required to attend the Empango ceremony within a few years of receiving the order, but as of May 7, 2014 this practice has been waived. The Order have been researched and recognized by the Augustan Society. == Intergenerational transfer rules == Similarly to the Order of the Omujwaara Kondo, the honor is inherited by the original grantee's eldest child of the same sex at the moment of the original grantee's death or renunciation of the honor. Intergenerational transfer rules for the honor are described in Statute 8. For male grantees, the honor passes by patrilineal primogeniture. For female grantees, the honor passes by matrilineal primogeniture == Titles == There are several aspects of the award that recipients of the Order receive, and these are akin to Order of the Omujwaara Kondo and are mentioned in Section 5(b) of the Order's statutes. First, all recipients are entitled to the style "The Most Honourable". However, persons entitled to an existing style that supersedes "The Most Hon." will retain it within the Order's records. Second a recipient is entitled to use the title of Omukungu (which is a less prestigious title than Omujwaara Kondo). Official authorization is granted for a male recipient to translate Omukungu into "Knight" in English and a female recipient may translate this into "Dame". Third, the post-nominal of "OEBKK" may be used after an honoree's name, which stands for (O)rder of the (E)ngabu of (B) unyoro-(K)itara (K)ingdom. The original recipient of the Order may use "1st" before the post-nominals (OEBKK) in order to show he is the first to receive the Order, his son who inherits the order may then use "2nd OEBKK", his son may use "3rd OEBKK" and so on. Thus, a typical modern recipient of the Order would be styled The Most Hon. Omukungu First Name Surname, 1st OEBKK. == Heraldic privileges == Additionally, per Section 20 of the Order's statutes, persons who receive the honor are also entitled to the right to display certain heraldic privileges. This section reads: 20. Heraldry of Members Heraldry has historically been limited in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, with the exception of the Kingdom having an armorial achievement in the ensign of its historical flag and His Majesty the Omukama having similar heraldry. However, to honor some Members whose ancestors maintained heraldic customs, by authorization of His Majesty the Omukama, all Members of the Order who desire to have heraldry are entitled to display supporters and top their helm with a basic coronet if they desire to signify their status as Members. == Images of the order == 1

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Démarche<EOT>1

Démarche

A démarche (/deɪˈmɑːrʃ/; from the French word whose literal meaning is "gait") has come to refer either to a line of action; move; countermove; maneuver, especially in diplomatic relations, or formal diplomatic representation (diplomatic correspondence) of the official position, views, or wishes on a given subject from one government to another government or intergovernmental organization. Diplomatic démarches are delivered to the appropriate official of the government or organization. Démarches generally seek to persuade, inform, or gather information from a foreign government. Governments may also use a démarche to protest or object to actions by a foreign government. Informally, the word is sometimes used as a verb to describe making or receiving such correspondence.

A démarche (/deɪˈmɑːrʃ/; from the French word whose literal meaning is "gait") has come to refer either to a line of action; move; countermove; maneuver, especially in diplomatic relations, or formal diplomatic representation (diplomatic correspondence) of the official position, views, or wishes on a given subject from one government to another government or intergovernmental organization. Diplomatic démarches are delivered to the appropriate official of the government or organization. Démarches generally seek to persuade, inform, or gather information from a foreign government. Governments may also use a démarche to protest or object to actions by a foreign government. Informally, the word is sometimes used as a verb to describe making or receiving such correspondence. == Démarches by the United States == The U.S. government defines démarche as "a request or intercession with a foreign official, e.g., a request for support of a policy, or a protest about the host government's policy or actions". The US government issues démarches to foreign governments through "front-channel cable" instructions from the United States Department of State. Although the content of a given démarche may originate in another U.S. government agency, only the Department of State may instruct a post to deliver the démarche. Unless specifically authorized by the Department of State, posts should not act on instructions transmitted directly from another post, or from another agency, whether by cable or other means (e.g. e-mail, fax, or phone). Any Department of State officer or other official under the authority of the chief of mission can make a démarche. Unless the Department provides specific instructions as to rank (for example: "the Ambassador should call on the Foreign Minister"), the post has discretion to determine who should make the presentation and which official(s) in the host government should receive it. == Preparation of the démarche == Démarche instruction cables from the Department should include the following elements: Objective: The objective is a clear statement of the purpose of the démarche, and of what the U.S. Government hopes to achieve. Arguments: This section outlines how the Department proposes to make an effective case for its views. It should include a rationale for the U.S. Government’s position, supporting arguments, likely counter-arguments, and suggested rebuttals. Background: The background should spell out pitfalls; particular sensitivities of other bureaus, departments, or agencies; and any other special considerations. Suggested talking points: Suggested talking points should be clear, conversational, and logically organized. Unless there are compelling reasons to require verbatim delivery, the démarche instruction cable should make it clear that post may use its discretion and local knowledge to structure and deliver the message in the most effective way. ("Embassy may draw from the following points in making this presentation to appropriate host government officials.") Written material: This section is used to provide instructions on any written material to be left with the host government official(s). Such material could take the form of an aide-mémoire, a letter, or a "non-paper" that provides a written version of the verbal presentation (i.e., the talking points as delivered). Unless otherwise instructed, post should normally provide an aide-memoire or non-paper at the conclusion of a démarche. Any classified aide-memoire or non-paper must be appropriately marked and caveated as to the countries authorized for receipt, e.g. "Rel. UK" indicates "Releasable to the United Kingdom") == Delivery and follow-up action == Upon receipt of démarche instructions from the Department, posts should make every effort to deliver the démarche to the appropriate foreign government official(s) as soon as possible. After delivering the démarche, the post should report to the Department via front-channel cable. The reporting cable should include the instruction cable as a reference, but it need not repeat the talking points transmitted in that cable. It should provide the name and title of the person(s) to whom the démarche was made, and record that official’s response to the presentation. As appropriate, the reporting cable should also describe any specific follow-up action needed by post, Department, or the foreign government.1

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Solid Converter PDF<EOT>To connect, read Foxit's Blog and Debenu's Blog, follow Foxit Software on Twitter, or join the Foxit Software's LinkedIn group. Planet PDF, Debenu Quick PDF Library - Foxit PDF SDK and Debenu PDF SDK are all © 2017 Foxit Software and Debenu Pty Ltd . All rights reserved. Privacy <doc-sep> You are logged in as . Please submit your review for Solid Converter PDF <doc-sep> You forgot to download Solid Converter PDF . Click the link below to download it. 1

Solid Converter PDF

Solid Converter PDF is document reconstruction software from Solid Documents which converts PDF files to editable formats. Originally released for the Microsoft Windows operating system, a Mac OS X version was released in 2010. The current versions are Solid Converter PDF 9.0 for Windows and Solid PDF to Word for Mac 2.1. The same technology used by the product's Solid Framework SDK is licensed by Adobe for Acrobat X.

Solid Converter PDF is document reconstruction software from Solid Documents which converts PDF files to editable formats. Originally released for the Microsoft Windows operating system, a Mac OS X version was released in 2010. The current versions are Solid Converter PDF 9.0 for Windows and Solid PDF to Word for Mac 2.1. The same technology used by the product's Solid Framework SDK is licensed by Adobe for Acrobat X. == History == By the second version's release in early 2004, Solid Converter PDF was noted for its focus on editing and recapturing content from previously-inaccessible PDF files. The release of v4 in May 2008 introduced a transition away from its original wizard interface to a WYSIWYG user interface, allowing for direct editing of PDFs. In December 2010, release of version 7 included several product feature enhancements including table editing and workflow improvements, recover text markup, extract PDF to .csv, and selective conversion. Version 8.0 released in early 2013 includes a simplified user interface and a Microsoft Word ribbon add-in which allows users to quickly access the scan to Word feature. Relying on multi-core processors, performance has been improved for batch file conversions and time intensive OCR. Focusing on feature integration and conversion improvements, version 9.0 released in June 2014 adds data recovery from scanned PDFs into Microsoft Excel. == Features == Solid Converter PDF's supported conversion formats include Microsoft Word .docx and .doc, .rtf, Microsoft Excel .xlsx, .xml, Microsoft PowerPoint .pptx, .html and .txt. Besides converting PDF files to document file formats for editing, users may also edit PDFs directly in the program. It preserves the original layout and formatting during conversion and emphasizes a simple, easy-to-use interface. Other features include table recovery, hyperlink detection, adding watermarks, rearranging pages, and PDF creation. Version 7 no longer requires Microsoft Office to be installed to convert to Office Open XML formats. Version 9.0 includes conversion improvements, legacy driver support, integrated features, and less comples XML output. == Mac OS X version == Solid Documents released Solid PDF to Word for Mac, its first product for the Mac OS X operating system, in April 2010, and an updated version was released in November 2014 to include support for OS X 10.10 (Yosemite). It has many of the same features as Solid Converter PDF including conversion to Word and Excel formats, page layout preservation, OCR, and batch conversion. Unlike the Windows version, Solid PDF to Word is able to convert to iWork Pages format and utilizes an Open File dialog interface (similar to early Solid Converter PDF incarnations) instead of the full WYSIWYG editor. System requirements include Mac OS X v10.7 or later and iWork to convert to .pages format.1

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Electric Jukebox<EOT>159. The Young Republic – Merry Christmas Again . . . (2:18) 1

Electric Jukebox

Electric Jukebox is a digital media player developed by The Electric Jukebox Company. Designed as a dongle, and a "Nintendo Wii style" motion-sensitive controller with a built-in microphone for voice search, the device plays music audio content on a high-definition television and home audio system by directly streaming it via Wi-Fi from the Internet. Electric Jukebox combines hardware, software and premium music streaming access into one package; Ars Technica describe it as "a box with everything you need to get started in streaming music".

Electric Jukebox is a digital media player developed by The Electric Jukebox Company. Designed as a dongle, and a "Nintendo Wii style" motion-sensitive controller with a built-in microphone for voice search, the device plays music audio content on a high-definition television and home audio system by directly streaming it via Wi-Fi from the Internet. Electric Jukebox combines hardware, software and premium music streaming access into one package; Ars Technica describe it as "a box with everything you need to get started in streaming music". == Hardware == == Electric Jukebox stick == Electric Jukebox dongle has a HDMI plug built into the body of the device. The dongle is powered by mains power through an integrated power cable. Electric Jukebox runs on a Rockchip processor. The dongle contains a 3.5mm audio jack as a line out to HiFi’s and speaker systems. == Electric Jukebox controller == Electric Jukebox Controller is a motion sensitive remote control with built-in gyroscope and accelerometer to position itself in space in relation to the cursor on the TV screen. The controller also has a microphone for voice search. The controller uses HDMI-CEC protocols to switch between other devices on the television without needing to use the television set’s remote to change to or from Electric Jukebox. == Software == Electric Jukebox runs on a heavily modified version of the Android operating system. The front end user interface is built in HTML5 enabling OTA updates which negate users from having to perform software upgrades or app downloads normally required when using music streaming services on computers, smartphones and televisions. == User interface == Electric Jukebox’s user interface incorporates neon iconography and music songs and albums represented as spinning disks - a digital manifestation of a physical music product; a CD. The user interface has met with mixed reaction from commentators; several technology focused media outlets have said the user interface is overly simple in comparison to other services while mainstream consumer media view the simplicity of Electric Jukebox as opening up music streaming to audiences who are alienated by the complexities of music streaming. CNET commented “Here's an easy way to think about Electric Jukebox: Remember when the Nintendo Wii came out, and suddenly the whole family, who didn't know their Atari from their elbow, was jumping around the living room playing video games? Spotify is the PlayStation, Sonos is the Xbox -- and Electric Jukebox is the Wii.” == Features == == Voice search == Electric Jukebox controller built-in microphone provides access to the full catalogue of music. Voice activated functionality is provided by Nuance. == Celebrity playlists == Electric Jukebox has exclusive playlists from a range of celebrities including; Robbie Williams and his wife Ayda Field, Sheryl Crow, Alesha Dixon and Stephen Fry. == Curated music channels == 7 Digital provide a range of curated music channels for Electric Jukebox. == Music recommendations == Danish music tech company Moodagent provide music discovery and recommendations features for Electric Jukebox. == Playlist creation == Electric Jukebox users can create their own playlists using the Electric Jukebox Controller. == Music catalogue == Electric Jukebox has a library of music of "over 29 million songs" from all major and independent record labels and publishers including Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, Merlin, PIAS, Believe Digital and INgrooves. == Geographic availability == Electric Jukebox is currently available in:  United Kingdom1

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2001–02 FINA Swimming World Cup<EOT>1

2001–02 FINA Swimming World Cup

The 2001–2002 FINA Swimming World Cup was a series of nine international short course (25m) swimming meets organized by FINA. The meets were held in nine different cities, from November 2001 through January 2002. Each featured 34 events: seventeen for males and seventeen for females. Ed Moses of the USA and Martina Moravcová of Slovakia were the overall male and female winners of the series. The 2001–2002 World Cup saw 22 world records bettered.

The 2001–2002 FINA Swimming World Cup was a series of nine international short course (25m) swimming meets organized by FINA. The meets were held in nine different cities, from November 2001 through January 2002. Each featured 34 events: seventeen for males and seventeen for females. Ed Moses of the USA and Martina Moravcová of Slovakia were the overall male and female winners of the series. The 2001–2002 World Cup saw 22 world records bettered. == Meets == Dates and locations for the 2001–2002 World Cup meets were: == Event winners == == 50 freestyle == == 100 freestyle == == 200 freestyle == == 400 freestyle == == 1500/800 freestyle == == 50 Backstroke == == 100 Backstroke == == 200 Backstroke == == 50 Breaststroke == == 100 Breaststroke == == 200 Breaststroke == == 50 Butterfly == * In prelims of the Berlin meet, Huegill swam a 22.74 to lower the World and Cup records again. == 100 Butterfly == == 200 Butterfly == == 100 Individual Medley == == 200 Individual Medley == == 400 Individual Medley == 1

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Senate Ukraine Caucus<EOT>1

Senate Ukraine Caucus

The Senate Ukraine Caucus is a bipartisan caucus of the United States Senate that was inaugurated on February 9, 2015 in Washington, D.C.. Its mission is "to strengthen the political, military, economic, and cultural relationship between the United States and Ukraine." Its counterpart in the House of Representatives is the Congressional Ukrainian Caucus, which was established in 1997 and consists of 41 representatives.

The Senate Ukraine Caucus is a bipartisan caucus of the United States Senate that was inaugurated on February 9, 2015 in Washington, D.C.. Its mission is "to strengthen the political, military, economic, and cultural relationship between the United States and Ukraine." Its counterpart in the House of Representatives is the Congressional Ukrainian Caucus, which was established in 1997 and consists of 41 representatives. == Members == Senators Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Rob Portman (R-OH) are the caucus' two Co-Chairs. Senators Kelly Ayotte (R-NH), Chris Murphy (D-CT), Sherrod Brown (D-OH), Mark Kirk (R-IL), Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH), and Ron Johnson (R-WI) are the caucus' Vice-Chairs. The Senate Ukraine Caucus consists of 15 senators (9 Democrats and 6 Republicans): Kelly Ayotte (R-NH) Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) Sherrod Brown (D-OH) Bob Casey (D-PA) Dick Durbin (D-IL) Ron Johnson (R-WI) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Mark Kirk (R-IL) James Inhofe (R-OK) Chris Murphy (D-CT) Gary Peters (D-MI) Rob Portman (R-OH) Chuck Schumer (D-NY) Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) Pat Toomey (R-PA) == Relevant legislation == United States International Programming to Ukraine and Neighboring Regions (S.R. 2183), introduced on March 27, 2014 Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (S.R. 2828), introduced on September 16, 20141

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Yusuf Mersin<EOT>1

Yusuf Mersin

Yusuf Mersin (born 23 September 1994) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Crawley Town, as a goalkeeper.

Yusuf Mersin (born 23 September 1994) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Crawley Town, as a goalkeeper. == Club career == Born in London, Mersin moved from Millwall to Liverpool in January 2011. He signed for Kasımpaşa in August 2014, before returning to England with Crawley Town in June 2016. == International career == He has represented Turkey at under-17 and under-18 youth international levels. == Career statistics == Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy1

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Kilauea Plantation<EOT>1

Kilauea Plantation

The Kilauea Plantation or Kilauea Sugar Plantation was a large sugarcane plantation on the north side of Kauai island, Hawaii, including the community of Kilauea, Hawaii. It was owned and operated by the 1880-incorporated Kilauea Sugar Company, which became the Kilauea Sugar Plantation, Co. from 1899 on. The original property was bought by an American, Charles Titcomb, from Kamehameha IV by 1863 who used it for cattle ranching. It was sold to Englishmen John Ross and E.P. Adams, who also leased additional land from Titcomb. Ross and Adams planted sugarcane, then incorporated a firm. It was operated as a plantation from 1880 to 1971.

The Kilauea Plantation or Kilauea Sugar Plantation was a large sugarcane plantation on the north side of Kauai island, Hawaii, including the community of Kilauea, Hawaii. It was owned and operated by the 1880-incorporated Kilauea Sugar Company, which became the Kilauea Sugar Plantation, Co. from 1899 on. The original property was bought by an American, Charles Titcomb, from Kamehameha IV by 1863 who used it for cattle ranching. It was sold to Englishmen John Ross and E.P. Adams, who also leased additional land from Titcomb. Ross and Adams planted sugarcane, then incorporated a firm. It was operated as a plantation from 1880 to 1971. == Historic buildings == Several historic buildings of the plantation survive, and are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Among these are several stone buildings, of a local style that took advantage of fieldstone removed from sugarcane fields. Temporary railway tracks were laid down to transport the fieldstone from piles beside the fields to the building locations. == Kilauea Plantation Manager's House == The Kilauea Plantation Manager's House, at 4591 Kuawa Rd. in Kilauea, was NRHP-listed in 1993; the listing includes three contributing buildings. == Kilauea Plantation Head Luna's House == Also known at the William Akana Residence, the Kilauea Plantation Head Luna's House, at 2457 Kolo Rd. in Kilauea, also was NRHP-listed in 1993. == Kilauea Plantation Head Bookkeeper's House == The Kilauea Plantation Head Bookkeeper's House, at 2421 Kolo Rd. in Kilauea, Hawaii, was built in 1930. Its NRHP listing, also in 1993, included two contributing buildings. The main house was the seventh stone house built by the plantation, and is "a good example of the bungalow/craftsman style in Hawaii". == Kilauea School == 22°12′39″N 159°24′44″W The school for the community was the Kilauea School, located on the edge of the plantation, at 2440 Kolo Rd., Kilauea, Hawaii. It was built in 1922 and is NRHP-listed, but is not built of stone. It was listed for its architecture and its association with the community. == Kong Lung Store == 22°12′55″N 159°24′35″W This was a grocery store for plantation workers, located on W. side of Lighthouse Rd., about .5 mi N. of HI 56., and is listed on the National Register. Built in c.1941, it was the last stone building built by the plantation.1

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Terryville, Connecticut<EOT>The Club was organized with the purpose “to associate those actively or otherwise interested in the various branches of the arts and crafts for mutual benefit; to foster and promote interest in the handicrafts. . . and to encourage and stimulate. . . wider participation in and appreciation of good craftwork in all its branches.” The Club maintained a workshop and sponsored and organized exhibits, demonstrations, lectures, and study courses. When the interest of the members waned, the Club was legally terminated in 1951, with its material assets divided among the Children’s Museum, the West Hartford Art League, and the Society of Connecticut Craftsmen. Originally organized as the Mothers Neighborhood Circle, it became the Northwest Child Welfare Club in 1936. The Club attempted to “promote child welfare in home, school, church and community . . . raise standards of home life. . . secure adequate laws for the care and protection of women and children.” In 1959, they agreed to disband, feeling their work had been successfully taken over by private organizations such as the Parent Teacher Association (PTA), and the state in the form of aid to dependent children and workmen’s compensation. Records include meeting minutes, financial records, directories and programs, and a card file of member names and addresses. The preamble to the Constitution of the Society of Descendants of the Founders of Hartford gives the following description of the objectives of the organization: “We, descendants of the Founders of Hartford, do hereby constitute ourselves the Society of the Descendants of the Founders of Hartford, in order to further the worthy celebration of the three hundredth anniversary of the founding of the city. . . that original documents and historical works of merit relating to the founders and the early history of the city may be published; and to see to it that relics of the founders and of the early history of the city may be preserved.” Records include scrapbooks, guest books, pamphlets, maps, genealogical charts, and photographs. The Club was organized with the purpose “to associate those actively or otherwise interested in the various branches of the arts and crafts for mutual benefit; to foster and promote interest in the handicrafts. . . and to encourage and stimulate. . . wider participation in and appreciation of good craftwork in all its branches.” The Club maintained a workshop and sponsored and organized exhibits, demonstrations, lectures, and study courses. When the interest of the members waned, the Club was legally terminated in 1951, with its material assets divided among the Children’s Museum, the West Hartford Art League, and the Society of Connecticut Craftsmen. The preamble to the Constitution of the Society of Descendants of the Founders of Hartford gives the following description of the objectives of the organization: “We, descendants of the Founders of Hartford, do hereby constitute ourselves the Society of the Descendants of the Founders of Hartford, in order to further the worthy celebration of the three hundredth anniversary of the founding of the city. . . that original documents and historical works of merit relating to the founders and the early history of the city may be published; and to see to it that relics of the founders and of the early history of the city may be preserved.” Records include scrapbooks, guest books, pamphlets, maps, genealogical charts, and photographs. Originally organized as the Mothers Neighborhood Circle, it became the Northwest Child Welfare Club in 1936. The Club attempted to “promote child welfare in home, school, church and community . . . raise standards of home life. . . secure adequate laws for the care and protection of women and children.” In 1959, they agreed to disband, feeling their work had been successfully taken over by private organizations such as the Parent Teacher Association (PTA), and the state in the form of aid to dependent children and workmen’s compensation. Records include meeting minutes, financial records, directories and programs, and a card file of member names and addresses. Copyright © 2017 Connecticut State Library . Powered by WordPress | Theme: AccessPress Ray 1

Terryville, Connecticut

Terryville is a census-designated place (CDP) that can be found in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States, and is the largest village within the town of Plymouth. In the 2010 census, Terryville was recorded as having a population of 5,387. The village is named for Eli Terry Jr., the son of the well-known clockmaker Eli Terry Sr. In addition to that, Terryville is also home to the Lock Museum of America. There is a water wheel located in downtown Terryville that is dedicated to the son of Eli Terry Sr.

Terryville is a census-designated place (CDP) that can be found in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States, and is the largest village within the town of Plymouth. In the 2010 census, Terryville was recorded as having a population of 5,387. The village is named for Eli Terry Jr., the son of the well-known clockmaker Eli Terry Sr. In addition to that, Terryville is also home to the Lock Museum of America. There is a water wheel located in downtown Terryville that is dedicated to the son of Eli Terry Sr. == Geography == According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.3 km² (2.8 mi²). 7.2 km² (2.8 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (1.07%) is water. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there were over 12,000 people, 2,199 households, and 1,460 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 747.1/km² (1,935.6/mi²). There were 2,312 housing units at an average density of 322.3/km² (834.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.18% White, 0.86% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population. There were 2,199 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.01. In the CDP, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $48,284, and the median income for a family was $58,713. Males had a median income of $41,132 versus $32,114 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,202. About 3.6% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over. == Education == Terryville has four public schools: two Pre-K to Grade 5 elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. Its elementary schools are the Harry S. Fisher Elementary School and the Plymouth Center School. Its one middle school is the Eli Terry Middle School. Terryville High School is the only public high school that Plymouth and Terryville residents may attend. A new high school building is located on North Harwinton Avenue in Terryville. The Prospect Street School was used as the high school up until the 1970s. A new high school building was built on North Main Street and was used until January 2008. Prospect Street School then became an elementary school until its closing in January 2008. == Notable residents == Actor Ted Knight was born in Terryville. Fashion designer Betsey Johnson lived in Terryville until c. 1960 Major League Baseball player Pete Appleton was born in Terryville. Calista Flockhart's family resides in Terryville. HazelTree CEO Stephen Casner graduated Terryville High School in 19771

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Vertebrate Paleontology (Romer)<EOT>1

Vertebrate Paleontology (Romer)

Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press. It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject. A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T.S. Parson came in 1977, remaining in print until 1985. The 1987 book Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution by Robert L. Carroll is largely based on Romer's book. The book provides a very detailed and comprehensive technical account of every main group of living and fossil vertebrates, though the mammal-like reptiles are covered in particular, these being Romer's main interest. At the rear of the book is a classification list which includes every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range.1

Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press. It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject. A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T.S. Parson came in 1977, remaining in print until 1985. The 1987 book Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution by Robert L. Carroll is largely based on Romer's book. The book provides a very detailed and comprehensive technical account of every main group of living and fossil vertebrates, though the mammal-like reptiles are covered in particular, these being Romer's main interest. At the rear of the book is a classification list which includes every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range.1

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Richard Benjamin Harrison<EOT>I am not a genealogist, so I would suggest you start by writing a note to the DSDI Registrar, Jim Alexander ([email protected] and see if he can help; please copy me and keep me posted [email protected]) . It would be best if you can tell him how you think you may be related. 1

Richard Benjamin Harrison

Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr., (also known by the nicknames The Old Man and The Appraiser) (born March 4, 1941), is a Las Vegas businessman and reality television personality, best known as the co-owner of the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, as featured on the History channel series Pawn Stars. Harrison was the co-owner of a pawn shop with his son Rick Harrison until he suffered a stroke, causing him to retire. They opened the store together in 1989. Harrison is usually referred to by his nickname, "The Old Man", which he earned at age 38.

Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr., (also known by the nicknames The Old Man and The Appraiser) (born March 4, 1941), is a Las Vegas businessman and reality television personality, best known as the co-owner of the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, as featured on the History channel series Pawn Stars. Harrison was the co-owner of a pawn shop with his son Rick Harrison until he suffered a stroke, causing him to retire. They opened the store together in 1989. Harrison is usually referred to by his nickname, "The Old Man", which he earned at age 38. == Early life == Richard Benjamin Harrison, Jr. was born March 4, 1941. Harrison's grandson, Corey, has mentioned his grandmother said they are related to President William Henry Harrison. Harrison is of Irish Descent. Harrison has indicated that he does not give much credence to this idea, though he has stated that they are distantly related to Benjamin Harrison, the paternal grandson of William Henry. When Harrison was one year old, his family moved to Lexington, North Carolina, where they lived at 115 Peacock Avenue, just off South Main Street. Harrison attended Lexington High School, but left during his junior year. Harrison's family was poor, and to make money, Harrison drove a school bus when he was 14, parking the bus at his house every night, and getting up early in the morning to pick up the schoolchildren, for which he was paid five or six dollars a week. == Marriage and the navy == When he was 17, Harrison attended a barn dance, where he met his future wife, Joanne Rhue, the daughter of Joseph Rhue, a county judge, who later became one of the lead attorneys for Philip Morris in North Carolina. They married in 1960. Before they married, however, Harrison stole a car, and after he was arrested, was given a choice by the judge to go to prison or the military. Harrison chose the latter. JoAnne became pregnant with their first child immediately after they married, and Sherry, their first child, was born with Down syndrome. They also had three sons, Joseph, Rick, and Chris. Harrison left the Navy in February 1962, but re-enlisted fourteen months later in order to obtain the health care benefits necessary to meet Sherry's medical expenses. She died when she was six years old. Harrison ultimately served in the U.S. Navy for 20 years, including stints as a paymaster, and attaining the rank of Petty officer, first class. Harrison served on four ships, including his final five years on fleet tug ATF 100 USS Chowanoc, from 1972 to 1976. In 1967 Harrison was transferred by the Navy to San Diego, California. He continued to serve in the Navy, while JoAnne obtained her real estate license in 1970 and opened her own office in 1973. After Harrison was discharged from the Navy, he worked part-time in his wife's office. Declining real estate sales caused by interest rates as high as 18 percent cost Harrison $1,000,000 and the collapse of this business in 1981. == Business career == With only $5,000, in April 1981, Harrison and his wife and three sons moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he and his son Rick opened Gold & Silver Coin Shop in a 300 square foot shop at 1501 Las Vegas Boulevard. In 1986, he relocated the business to a larger building at 413 Fremont Street. In 1987, he obtained a license to buy and sell second-hand goods. The business's lease expired in 1988. In 1989, Rick opened what would become the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop at 713 Las Vegas Boulevard South, located less than two miles from the Las Vegas Strip. The most common item brought into the store is jewelry. As of July 2011, the store has 12,000 items in its inventory, 5,000 of which are typically held on pawn. Despite his recent absences from the show, according to an episode of Pawn Stars, Harrison is the first to arrive at the shop in the morning, and has not had a sick day since 1994. Since July 19, 2009 Harrison and his son Rick, along with his grandson Richard Corey "Big Hoss" Harrison and Corey's childhood friend and employee Austin "Chumlee" Russell, have featured in the reality television program Pawn Stars on the History Channel. Harrison is depicted as saying little and easily angered. "Chumlee" has stated that he is "old and cranky", while Harrison himself indicates: "My role on the show is to be an old grump." Within ten weeks of its debut, Pawn Stars was the highest rated program on the History channel, and second highest rated reality show program behind Jersey Shore. In that same period the average number of customers in the Gold & Silver Pawn Shop increased from 70 to 700 per day. By February 2012, between 3,000 and 5,000 people visited the store each day. Harrison's net worth has been estimated to be $5 million USD. == Awards and recognition == In March 2010, Harrison, his son, grandson and Austin "Chumlee" Russell were awarded the key to the city of Las Vegas, by Mayor Oscar Goodman. Harrison and the other stars of Pawn Stars served as grand marshals for the History 300 NASCAR race at the Charlotte Motor Speedway on May 26, 2012. On May 29, 2012, Harrison was awarded a key to the city of Lexington, his hometown, by Lexington Mayor Clark Newell, in the Lexington City Council Chamber, and the day was also officially "Richard Harrison's Day". On July 17, 2012, the Clark County Commission declared that day to be "Pawn Stars/Gold & Silver Pawn Day". At the Commission meeting, Harrison donated $1000 to the Clark County Museum, and lent the U.S. Senate floor chair used by Senator Patrick McCarran (sold to the Gold and Silver in the Pawn Stars episode "Take a Seat") to the museum as part of a display on Senator McCarran. R.B. Harrison and his son Rick, were nominated for the 2012 Time 100 list. == Other appearances == On December 5, 2011, Harrison made a special appearance at the American Country Awards 2011, giving a speech onstage. On February 25, 2012, he was a guest star at a Celebrity Bingo Bow Wow charity event, which was held at the Silverton Casino Lodge. == Legal issues == == Daniel Callahan == In May 2012, Daniel Callahan filed a lawsuit in the District Court in Las Vegas claiming that Harrison and his son Rick failed to provide "reasonable and necessary" security at their store, seeking around $20,000 for injuries he allegedly suffered from being "dragged out of the pawn shop and tossed onto the sidewalk" after an argument over a rifle he had brought. Harrison's grandson, Corey, defended them both, stating that they were never in direct contact with Callahan and "it was in our best interests to get him out of there." == Interference with business practices == In October 2012, A&E Network and History channel, along with Harrison and the rest of the show's cast, were sued in Clark County District Court in Las Vegas for interference with business practices by Wayne F. Jefferies, a Las Vegas promoter and the Harrisons' manager, who represented them and "Chumlee" Russell in their television business dealings. Jefferies, who managed and operated the Las Vegas world cuisine restaurant Seven in 2001, and who, as an event promoter, put up to $75,000 in support of the 2005 and 2006 Las Vegas Red, White and Boom Independence Day event, was instrumental in helping to launch the series. Jefferies stated that after the show premiered, his influence in the show was increasingly reduced, and that he was ultimately fired and left without his promised share of fees and merchandising royalties from the series, purportedly due to network executives after a January 2012 report on TMZ that indicated that the Pawn Stars cast were taken aback by the History's launch of the spinoff Cajun Pawn Stars, of which the cast had been unaware. == Personal life == Harrison is particularly passionate about automobiles, showing an interest in all types of cars. Cars he has owned or expressed an interest in on the television series include his 1966 Imperial Crown, which took him fifteen years to convince the previous owner to sell, and was subsequently restored by his son and grandson for his 50th wedding anniversary; a 1957 Chevy 150 sedan given to him by the stars of two other History shows, American Restoration and American Pickers; and the mid-1960s B&Z Electra-King electric car shown to them in "Honest Abe", which he suggested could be converted into a golf cart.1

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RadiumOne<EOT>1

RadiumOne

RadiumOne is a marketing company that provides online display, mobile, video, and social advertising services, aiming to target brand customers through programmatic marketing campaigns. It was first launched in 2009 by Gurbaksh Chahal. The company buys advertising space from websites and mobile applications and resells it in targeted packages to advertisers and agencies. It also creates software that automates the process of media buying for digital marketers. Headquartered in San Francisco, the firm has offices across North America, Europe and Asia.

RadiumOne is a marketing company that provides online display, mobile, video, and social advertising services, aiming to target brand customers through programmatic marketing campaigns. It was first launched in 2009 by Gurbaksh Chahal. The company buys advertising space from websites and mobile applications and resells it in targeted packages to advertisers and agencies. It also creates software that automates the process of media buying for digital marketers. Headquartered in San Francisco, the firm has offices across North America, Europe and Asia. == History == The company was launched in 2009 by Gurbaksh Chahal as gWallet, a loyalty and rewards program. After CEO Gurbaksh Chahal pleaded guilty to domestic violence battery on April 23, 2014, there were calls for him to step down as CEO. He was fired on April 27, and immediately replaced by COO Bill Lonergan on Sunday 27 April, 2014. RadiumOne utilizes data taken from social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook and uses it to tailor online, video, social and mobile consumer advertising using real-time bidding. The startup had initially raised $33.5 million from venture capital funds.l. In June 2015, it raised $54 million to open international offices and expand its technological platform. Revenue for 2015 totalled approximately $200 million, and the company was valued at $500 million. == Products == Po.st is a social sharing platform for web users and website publishers to share content on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and StumbleUpon, among others. the product also includes a link shortener built to provide brands with insights on clicking users, therefore segmenting them for paid media targeting. This provides marketers information regarding what content is being copied and pasted into an email or on social media, so-called "dark social" channels.1

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Cabinet Secretariat of India<EOT>1

Cabinet Secretariat of India

The Cabinet Secretariat (Hindi: मंत्रिमंडल सचिवालय; IAST: Mantrimanḍala Sacivālaya) is responsible for the administration of the Government of India. It functions from the Secretariat Building, New Delhi, where most of the Cabinet of India sits. It comprises a set of two buildings on opposite sides of Rajpath which are home to some of the most important ministries of the Government of India, situated on Raisina Hill, New Delhi, India.

The Cabinet Secretariat (Hindi: मंत्रिमंडल सचिवालय; IAST: Mantrimanḍala Sacivālaya) is responsible for the administration of the Government of India. It functions from the Secretariat Building, New Delhi, where most of the Cabinet of India sits. It comprises a set of two buildings on opposite sides of Rajpath which are home to some of the most important ministries of the Government of India, situated on Raisina Hill, New Delhi, India. == Overview == The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961 and the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules 1961, facilitating a smooth transaction of business in Ministries/ Departments of the Government by ensuring adherence to these rules. The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by ensuring Inter-Ministerial co-ordination, ironing out differences amongst Ministries/ Departments and evolving consensus through the instrumentality of the standing/ ad hoc Committees of Secretaries. Through this mechanism new policy initiatives are also promoted. The Secretariat Building houses the following ministries: Ministry of Defence (MoD) Ministry of Finance (MoF) Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) Prime Minister's Office (PMO) The Secretariat Building consists of two buildings: the North Block and the South Block. Both the buildings flank the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The South Block houses the Prime Minister Office, Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of External Affairs. The North Block primarily houses the Ministry of Finance and the Home Ministry. The terms 'North Block' and 'South Block' are often used to refer to the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of External Affairs respectively. == Design == The Secretariat Building was designed by the prominent British architect Herbert Baker. The building adopts elements from Rajputana styles of architecture. Examples include the use of Jali – decorated to protect from the scorching sun and monsoon rains of India. Another feature of the building is a dome-like structure known as the Chatri, a design unique to India, used in ancient times to give relief to travellers by providing shade from the hot Indian sun. The style of architecture used in Secretariat Building is unique to Raisina Hill. == Cabinet Secretary == The administrative head of the Cabinet Secretariat is the Cabinet Secretary who is also the ex officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board. As a matter of convention the most senior civil servant is appointed as a Cabinet Secretary. He belongs to the Indian Administrative Service. The incumbent generally has a tenure of 2 to 3 years. Before the adoption of the portfolio system in the Government of India, all governmental business was disposed of by the Governor-General-in Council (earlier name of Cabinet Secretariat), the Council functioning as a joint consultative board. As the amount and complexity of business of the Government increased, the work of the various departments was distributed amongst the members of the Council: only the more important cases were dealt with by the Governor-General or the Council collectively. This procedure was legalised by the Councils Act of 1861, during the time of Lord Canning, leading to the introduction of the portfolio system and the inception of the Executive Council of the Governor-General. The Secretariat of the Executive Council was headed by the Cabinet Secretary. The constitution of the Interim Government in September 1946 brought a change in the name, though little in functions, of this Office. The Executive Council's Secretariat was then designated as the Cabinet Secretariat. It seems, however, at least in retrospect, that Independence brought some change in the functions of the Cabinet Secretariat. It no longer remained concerned with only the passive work of circulating papers to Ministers and Ministries, but instead developed into an organisation for effecting co-ordination between the Ministries. The Cabinet Secretary is the administrative head of Cabinet Secretariat and all the civil services under the constitution. Thus, he is the head of all the services. He ranks eleventh in the Table of Precedence of India. Cabinet Secretariat has three wings: civil, military and intelligence. Under the Cabinet Secretary, there are several secretaries heading various departments, e.g., Secretary (Co-ordination) (heads the Department of Cabinet Affairs), Secretary (Performance Management) (also holds the post of chairman, National Authority, Chemical Weapons Convention), Secretary (Security) (under whom comes the Special Protection Group) and Secretary (R&AW) (heads Research and Analysis Wing; ex officio Director General of Security, under whom are the Aviation Research Centre and the Special Frontier Force). The Directorate of Public Grievances is also under the Cabinet Secretariat. == Prime Minister == The Cabinet Secretariat is under the direct charge of the Prime Minister. When any policy is made in the Cabinet Secretariat there must be signature of Prime Minister and Cabinet Secretary of India. The Prime Minister of India is the Head of the Union (Federal) Government, as distinct from the President of India, who is the Head of State. Since India has adopted the Westminster model of constitutional democracy, it is the Prime Minister who oversees the day-to-day functioning of the Union (Federal) Government of India. The Prime Minister is assisted in this task by his Council of Ministers, comprising Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State with Independent Charge, Ministers of State who work with Cabinet Ministers, and Deputy Ministers. == Cabinet Ministers == The Cabinet Secretariat is very powerful and its authority has been distributed among individual ministers with certain portfolios: they are called Cabinet Ministers. == Project Monitoring Group == In June 2013, a cell within the Cabinet Secretariat called the Project Monitoring Group was created to track stalled investment projects, both in the public and private sectors and to remove the implementation bottlenecks in these projects on a fast-track basis. An online portal open to the public was created where projects over Rs. 10 billion would be tracked. This portal is available at http://cabsecpmg.gov.in.1

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Bernetta Adams Miller<EOT>WWII provided a far greater impact on the program than anticipated. Indeed, after the infamous, December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the 24 aircraft that had been ordered by American and United were requisitioned by. . . Dirigible pioneer T.S. “Captain Tom” Baldwin arrived in the Los Angeles area just then with his California Arrow balloon, fresh off its triumph at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis. On February 12, 1905, Hancock and an unidentified chauffeur in the Pope-Toledo raced Baldwin’s balloon, piloted by Roy Knabenshue, across town for a $100 bet. The powerful Curtiss engine shot Knabenshue to the finish line, Hoxsey’s home town of Pasadena, in under 20 minutes, leaving Hancock to blame his loss on city speed limits. A few days later, Hancock and his chauffeur were arrested and charged with speeding; the fines imposed were $100 for the owner and. . . Even as late as May, this year, when the passenger terminals and hangars were nearing completion, no one knew the exact. . . I failed [in my last letter] to mention anything about President McKinley whom we all loved and used to see frequently. (I never sat on his lap tho as Gretchen [Putnam] did.) At the time of his inauguration and until after his election I lived in the Lomgabaugh Bld. On North Market St. We had a bay window and used to see all of the many delegations that arrived with bands and floats to greet McKinley….The day of his inauguration…we had planned to go to our Lawrence Avenue house to pick. . . It was a Russian, Pyotr Nesterov, who is credited with achieving the first classic aerobatic maneuver. In 1913, he . . . The overall length of the plane is 24 ft. 9 inches. The fuselage being of semi-monocoque construction type, withmost stresses carried by the corrugated duralumin covering that is 20 gauge in front of the pilot’s cockpit and 22 gauge to therear of the cockpit. Bulkheads are located at approximately 26-inch intervals throughout the length of the fuselage. Thesebulkheads are of rectangular form and at each corner four thick pieces of 14 gauge duralumin have been riveted to the bulkheadand to the sheeting to keep the latter from tearing at the corners. The engine carries a rotary cowling that is faired into therectangular form of the fuselage thus providing a certain degree of streamline effect, although not marked. A nine-inch turtledeck is built along top of fuselage. The tail surfaces are all 26-gauge corrugated duralumin riveted to tubing. The floor of both cockpits is the . . . Kenney faced an immense logistical challenge. In the Pacific theater, transportation of the vast amount of bulk items needed for modern war depended largely on maritime shipping, which was scarce and vulnerable to air and submarine attack. Naval forces were already overtasked; by the fall of 1942, only one U.S. aircraft carrier and one U.S. battleship were in the Pacific, and the carrier was under repair for battle damage.(7) Kenney lost no time building a network of forward operating bases. Kenney increased the readiness of his forces. His reforms in maintenance had doubled aircraft availability, which in turn allowed him to keep a third of his force operating from forward bases in New Guinea and another third in northern Australia as a ready reserve. The remainder of his forces recovered . . . Paul Bernard Wurtsmith was born in Detroit, Mich., on August 9, 1906. Educated at Holy Redeemer Grammar School and Case Technical High School in his hometown he later attended the University of Detroit from 1925-1927 ultimately earning a degree in aeronautical engineering. On August 4, 1927, Wurtsmith entered the Army Air Corps as a flying cadet and subsequently earned his wings with the successful completion of flight training at Kelly Field in San Antonio, Tex., in June of the following year. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Air Reserve on June 23, 1928, and on February 2, 1929, received a regular commission in the U.S. Army Air Corps. Wurtsmith initially joined the 94th Pursuit Squadron, the famed WWI “Hat in the Ring” Squadron at Selfridge Field in Mt. Clemens, Mich., and remained stationed there until July 1930 before being sent to Duncan Field in Texas for a six month instructors’ course. Successfully being graduated from that program he became an instructor at March Field in California. When Randolph Field opened in San Antonio . . . On October 6, 1973, the military forces of Egypt and Syria attacked the State of Israel on two fronts setting off what would become known as the Yom Kippur War. Suffering initial heavy losses, Prime Minister Golda Meir appealed to the United States for assistance; and President Nixon ordered the resupply of Israel with tanks, ammunition, aircraft and armored vehicles. This resupply mission became known as Operation NICKEL GRASS and was conducted by the Military Airlift Command from October 13, 1973, to November 13, 1973. C-141A 65-9405 flew three of the 394 C-141 sorties of this airlift operation into LOD International Airport in Tel Aviv: sortie #27 on 10/16/73 . . . The floor of the airplane, which is the connecting member between the upper and lower arcs, becomes a structural member of the fuselage when pressurization is installed, taking out as tension the loads arising from the pressure loads on the fuselage walls. The floor is constructed of 24ST Alclad sheet set upon transverse channels of the same material, rolled to shape. These in turn are supported on longitudinal girders that are fastened to the fuselage structure at the forward and aft ends of the floor and to the wing center section. The transverse channels are bolted to an extrusion that runs forward from the pressure bulkhead to the nose of the airplane at the intersection of the upper and lower arcs on both sides . . . Application for entry may be made by submitting a $5 fee to the IAHF, 1649 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego . . . My personal belief is that this program, though useless, was continued by the air force for its public relations value. For that purpose, it was quite cost-effective. Decades later, in the Prairie states, the old GOC Posts and equipment were made useful in warning of tornadoes and similar problems. Having . . . 1

Bernetta Adams Miller

Bernetta Adams Miller (January 11, 1884 – November 30, 1972) was a pioneering woman aviator who was the fifth licensed woman pilot in the United States. She led a colorful life including winning a Croix de Guerre in World War I and being one of the people standing between Albert Einstein and the public at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.

Bernetta Adams Miller (January 11, 1884 – November 30, 1972) was a pioneering woman aviator who was the fifth licensed woman pilot in the United States. She led a colorful life including winning a Croix de Guerre in World War I and being one of the people standing between Albert Einstein and the public at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. == Early life == Bernetta Miller was born in Canton, Ohio. Her family lived for a time in Nebraska, but soon moved to the Finger Lakes region of New York state where she briefly attended the State Normal School at Geneseo. She dropped out when her father's business failed, and they returned to Canton, where she attended Canton Actual Business College where she studied bookkeeping. She then moved to New York City. == Aviation == There she became interested in aviation and took flying lessons in 1912 from the Moisant aviation school in Mineola, Long Island. She received her license on September 25, 1912, becoming the fifth woman in the U.S. to hold a pilot's license (she held Aero Club of America license number 173). The Moisant company used her as a demonstration pilot for the Blériot monoplanes that they were building under license. She was the pilot chosen to demonstrate the Moisant-Blériot monoplane to the United States Army at College Park, Maryland on October 7, 1912. She wrote of it, much later Of course, I had no illusions as to why I was sent to College Park to demonstrate the monoplane to the U.S. government officials who were exclusively devoted to the idea of the biplane. ... The Moisant apparently calculated that I could overcome some of the fears others might have of the monoplane. I suppose that this was on the basis of the idea that if a mere woman could learn to fly one, so surely could a man. This was apparently the first demonstration of a monoplane to the U.S. government. On January 20, 1913 at Garden City, New York she attempted a women's altitude record, but had to return to ground when an oil gauge broke and oil obscured her vision. With increasing disapproval of women flying after the death of Harriet Quimby, and suffering financial difficulties, she gave up aviation soon after. == World War I == Bernetta went to the front in World War I as a volunteer for the YMCA. She delivered food to the troops of the 326th Infantry of the 82nd Division as a canteen worker, frequently under fire. She was wounded at least once, but remained at the front through the Argonne offensive and to the end of the war. In 1919 she was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French government. Her commendation read Assigned to Tours at the beginning of 1918 and then sent to the Toul sector in June 1918, she rendered the biggest services before and during the offensive of Saint-Mihiel, serving and helping the injured in the advanced aid stations. She was in the sector of the Argonne during this last offensive. In a letter of commendation from the command of the 82nd Division on 13 January 1919 it was said that While operating her canteen near the front line, at Noviant, France, on the night of August 4, 1918, Miss Miller was under heavy enemy fire, where she served hot chocolate and other supplies to the men, when it was impossible for these supplies to be obtained elsewhere. On October 17, 1918, during an attack near St. Juvin, France, under enemy fire, she visited the front lines, carrying a supply of cigarettes and other comforts to the men. By her devotion to duty, disregard of personal danger and untiring energy she did much to maintain a cheerful spirit among the soldiers during a critical time. == Turkey and after == From 1926 to 1933 Bernetta was Bursar of the American College for Girls in Istanbul, Turkey. She resigned that job when a new head of school was appointed whom she disliked, and she returned to the United States. From 1933 to 1941 she was Bursar of St. Mary's Hall, a private school in Burlington, New Jersey. == The Institute for Advanced Study == From 1941 to 1948 she worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. She was at first secretary to the director of the Institute and bookkeeper, but when her vision declined owing to cataracts she was made a greeter in the entrance of the Institute. As such, she was one of the people responsible for keeping visitors from disturbing Albert Einstein. After Robert Oppenheimer became head of the Institute, he fired Bernetta. She said of him "I think the man was a complete snake -- but I would never say that he was disloyal." Her view of Einstein was entirely different. She referred to him as "the dear" and in a 1963 interview said of him: Of all the men there he was one of the kindest. He loved everybody. He was the nicest, most out-going man. There was nothing petty about him. We all protected him and tried to screen his calls and visitors. When she was fired Einstein wrote a letter of reference for her. == Later years == After Princeton, Bernetta worked as a housemother in colleges. She was admitted to membership in the Early Birds, an association of aviators who had flown before 1917. She retired to New Hope, Pennsylvania where she died, after breaking her hip in a fall, in November 1972. She is buried in West Lawn Cemetery in Canton, Ohio. Bernetta was a member of the Women's Overseas Service League. == Bernetta in Museums == Her 1912 flying suit (actually one made for riding in open automobiles) is on display at the College Park Airport in Maryland. There is a picture of her in the Early Flight room of the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. == Articles about Bernetta Miller == I. A. Van Dyck. "On the aviation field". The Hempstead Sentinel, issue of late August or early September, 1912, page 5 (mention of Bernetta Miller flight before her license qualification flight). "WOMAN INSISTS ON FLYING.; Miss Miller Not Daunted by the Death of Military Aviators." New York Times, September 30, 1912, page 1. Bernetta A. Miller. "How I Learned To Fly. One Woman's Nerve-Wracking Experience, Breaking-In a Wild Bucking Monoplane When Aviation Was Still In Its Infancy". The World Magazine (magazine of The New York World), 2 December 1928, page 3. Helen Carringer. "Canton's Pioneer Pilot Recalls Busy, Happy Life. Miss Miller Will Give 'Early Bird' Plaque to Stark Historical Society". Canton Repository, Canton, Ohio. 17 February 1963, page 43. "Woman Pilot Obtained Wings In 1912 Frequent Visitor Here". Daily Messenger (Canandaigua, New York), 19 March 1963, page 5. "Obituary. Bernetta A. Miller". Beacon (Lambertville, New Jersey), 7 December 1972, page 10 "Bernetta A. Miller, A Pioneer in Flying". New York Times 2 December 1972, page 38 "Pioneer pilot worked at Wilson College". Alumnae Quarterly (Wilson College, Chambersburg, PA). 1994, page 11 (issue not known). "Reprinted with permission from The Repository, Canton, Ohio, submitted by Carolyn Austin Waltenbaugh '41". Kenny, Kimberly A. 2008. Canton's Pioneers in Flight. Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. (Chapter 5 is on Bernetta Miller).1

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John Thurman Field<EOT>1

John Thurman Field

John Thurman Field is a stadium in Modesto, California. It is primarily used for baseball, and is the home field of the Modesto Nuts minor league baseball team of the California League. It was built in 1955 and holds 4,000 people. It was later named for California State Assemblyman John E. Thurman, from Modesto.

John Thurman Field is a stadium in Modesto, California. It is primarily used for baseball, and is the home field of the Modesto Nuts minor league baseball team of the California League. It was built in 1955 and holds 4,000 people. It was later named for California State Assemblyman John E. Thurman, from Modesto. == History == Originally named Del Webb Field, the Modesto ballpark was renamed for state assemblyman John Thurman in 1983 and underwent over $3.93 million worth of renovations prior to the start of the 1997 to keep it up to California League standards. == Notable events == On April 7, 2007, left-hander Randy Johnson made an appearance for the Arizona Diamondbacks affiliate, then called the Visalia Oaks. Johnson's appearance sparked a media frenzy and helped the Nuts draw over 5,000 fans for that day's game.1

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Willet Titus House<EOT>1

Willet Titus House

Willet Titus House is a historic residential building located at Roslyn in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1860 and is a 2-story Italianate-style frame house with an above-grade basement story at the west end. It consists of a 2-story, rectangular main block with a three-bay side entrance facade and a recessed  1 ¹⁄₂-story two-bay wing. It features porches at the front of the main block and wing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.1

Willet Titus House is a historic residential building located at Roslyn in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1860 and is a 2-story Italianate-style frame house with an above-grade basement story at the west end. It consists of a 2-story, rectangular main block with a three-bay side entrance facade and a recessed  1 ¹⁄₂-story two-bay wing. It features porches at the front of the main block and wing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.1

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Feel the Darkness<EOT>It appears that you already have an account created within our VIP network of sites on . To keep your personal information safe, we need to verify that it's really you. To activate your account, please confirm your password. When you have confirmed your password, you will be able to log in through Facebook on both sites. It appears that you already have an account on this site associated with . To connect your existing account just click on the account activation button below. You will maintain your existing VIP profile. After you do this, you will be able to always log in to http://diffuser.fm using your original account information. 1

Feel the Darkness

Feel the Darkness is an album released by the American hardcore punk band Poison Idea in 1990.

Feel the Darkness is an album released by the American hardcore punk band Poison Idea in 1990. == Track listing == All songs written by Jerry A. (aka Jerry Lang), except for where noted. "Plastic Bomb" – 3:07 "Deep Sleep" – 2:23 "The Badge" (Jerry A., Poison Idea) – 3:33 "Just to Get Away" – 2:31 "Gone for Good" – 1:16 "Death of an Idiot Blues" – 2:52 "Taken by Surprise" – 3:14 "Alan's on Fire" – 4:12 "Welcome to Krell" (Jerry A., Aldine Strichnine) – 1:58 "Nation of Finks" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner) – 1:32 "Back Stab Gospel" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner) – 1:37 "Painkiller" – 1:47 "Feel the Darkness" – 5:50 "Discontent" – 3:31 == Personnel == Jerry A.: Vocals Mondo: Guitar, Piano Pig Champion: Guitar Thee Slayer Hippy: Drums Myrtle Tickner: Bass1

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Sarah Murray (travel writer)<EOT>1

Sarah Murray (travel writer)

Sarah Murray, née Maze (1744 – 5 November 1811) was an English travel writer, best known for her Companion and Useful Guide to the Beauties of Scotland (1799). She published under the name The Hon. Mrs. Murray, of Kensington, though after her second marriage she was also known as Sarah Aust.

Sarah Murray, née Maze (1744 – 5 November 1811) was an English travel writer, best known for her Companion and Useful Guide to the Beauties of Scotland (1799). She published under the name The Hon. Mrs. Murray, of Kensington, though after her second marriage she was also known as Sarah Aust. == Life == Sarah Maze was born in 1744, and baptised in Batheaston. During the 1760s she seems to have run a school in Bath, but by 1782 she had moved to Kensington. In 1783 she married her first husband, the Hon. William Murray, brother of the Earl of Dunmore, though he died in 1786. In 1802 she married George Aust (1740-1829), a retired Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Murray published her Companion and Useful Guide to the Beauties of Scotland in 1799. The book was written in a lively style, giving a graphic picture of the modes of travel of the time, and describing the living conditions of Scottish peasants. Following further trips to Scotland, she published a second volume: A Companion and Useful Guide to the Beauties in the Western Highlands of Scotland, and in the Hebrides in 1803. This second volume paid greater attention to the Hebrides and the islands round Scotland. A second edition of both volumes was published in 1805, and a third edition in 1810. The third edition contained an appendix dealing with "the new roads in Scotland, and [...] a beautiful cavern lately discovered in the Isle of Skye." She died at the age of 67, at Noel House, Kensington, on 5 November 1811. == Works == 1

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William W. Davies (USMC)<EOT>1

William W. Davies (USMC)

William Wallace Davies (April 27, 1900 – June 1, 1985) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Major General. He is most noted as a pioneer in the development of the Marine Corps Landing craft. He later commanded the Troop Training Unit, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado.

William Wallace Davies (April 27, 1900 – June 1, 1985) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Major General. He is most noted as a pioneer in the development of the Marine Corps Landing craft. He later commanded the Troop Training Unit, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado. == Early career == William W. Davies was born on April 27, 1900 in Washington, D.C. and received his high school education at schools in Closter and Englewood, New Jersey. He decided to enlist in the United States Marine Corps in October 1918 and was sent to Marine Barracks at Parris Island for basic training. Davies was subsequently commissioned Second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 4 May 1922 and sent for Officer Basic Course to the Basic School at Marine Barracks Quantico, Virginia. He remained there until May 1923, when he graduated from the course and was assigned to the 2nd Brigade of Marines. Davies subsequently sailed for Dominican republic to fight the rebel forces and remained there until August 1924. Davies has returned to the United States and was assigned to the 4th Marine Regiment and participated in the maneuvers in Hawaii. At the beginning of June 1926, he was transferred to the Marine Barracks at Puget Sound Navy Yard in Bremerton, Washington and remained there until April 1927. Davies rejoined 4th Marines in April 1927 and sailed first to Philippine Islands and then to China, to protect the Shanghai International Settlement. He has been transferred to the Marine Barracks on Guam in September 1928 and remained there until October 1929, when he was assigned to the Marine Barracks at Naval Station New Orleans. Davies served in that capacity until August 1930, when he has been sent to Nicaragua to fight rebel units under Augusto César Sandino. He was assigned to the Guardia Nactional and commanded constabulary detachment until the beginning of 1933. For his service in this capacity, Davies received Nicaraguan Cross of Valor with Diploma by the Government of Nicaragua. Following his return to the United States in January 1933, Davies has been assigned to the Marine Barracks at Washington Navy Yard for a brief period, before he was assigned to the Junior Course at Marine Corps School at Quantico in May 1933. He was transferred to San Diego in June 1936 and subsequently appointed Commander of the Marine Detachment abord the battleship USS Oklahoma in September 1936. The ship was assigned to the Pacific Fleet and participated in the patrol duties off the West Coast and on Hawaii. He finished his sea duties in June 1938, when he was transferred to Washington, D.C. and assigned to Headquarters Marine Corps as Paymaster, Eastern Pay Area. Within this capacity, he served under Brigadier general Russell B. Putnam. == World War II == Davies became first involved in the development of the Marine Corps Landing craft in March 1941, when he was appointed Officer in Charge of the Amphibian Tractor Training Detachment at Dunedin, Florida. In this capacity he took part in the production and testing of amphibious vehicles throughout the country and established first amphibian tractor school. When the Amphibian Tractor Training Detachment was transferred to Camp Pendleton in July 1943, Davis has been appointed Commanding Officer of the Amphibious Battalion there. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel in early 1944 and assigned as Amphibious Tractor Officer, Fleet Marine Force Pacific under Lieutenant general Holland Smith. Davies took part in the amphibious landing during the Battle of Kwajalein in January 1944 and received his first Navy Presidential Unit Citation. With the upcoming Battle of Saipan in June 1944, Davies participated in the landing on D-Day and made frequent visits of front lines under enemy fire to collect important information about landing crafts. He also inspected amphibian tractor units and shore parties. During the Battle of Tinian he accomplished the same tasks and subsequently received Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for his bravery under fire. Colonel Davies remained in his capacity within Fleet Marine Force, Pacific and participated in the Battle of Okinawa in April 1945. He distinguished himself again and received Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for his merits during the campaign. == Postwar career == Davies has returned to the United States with 25th Marines in October 1945 and the regiment was deactivated on 10 November 1945 at Camp Pendleton. He remained in San Diego and relieved Colonel John Groff as Chief of Staff of the Marine Corps Base San Diego under Major general Earl C. Long. Davies was subsequently transferred to the staff of the Troop Training Unit, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado and appointed Commander of the Mobile Training Unit Nr. 1. In this capacity, he participated in the amphibious training of the recruits for the Pacific Fleet. When chief of staff of the Troop Training Unit at Coronado, Colonel William S. Fellers, was appointed the Commanding general in July 1949, Davies has been appointed to his capacity. During September 1950, Davies has been appointed Liaison officer to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Clifton B. Cates, for Amphibious Tractor Matters. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in January 1952 and returned to Coronado, where he relieved Brigadier general John T. Selden as Commanding General of the Troop Training Unit, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado. Davies remained in this capacity only for six months, when he was succeeded by Chesty Puller and personally appointed Commander of the Troop Training Team, Amphibious Forces, Far East (TTT) and sent to Japan in June 1952. His mission was to lead TTT instructor force and train newly established Japan Self-Defense Forces. Brigadier general Davies has returned from Japan in May 1954 and was appointed Commanding general of Troop Training Unit, Naval Amphibious Base Coronado again. He served in this capacity until his retirement in July 1955. Davies was advanced to the rank of Major General on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat. Following his retirement from the Marine Corps, Davies resided with his family in Ojai, California and died on June 1, 1985 in San Diego. He had one son and daughter from his marriage. == Decorations == Here is the ribbon bar of Major General William W. Davies:1

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Savion Glover<EOT>"Glover, Savion 1974–." Contemporary Black Biography. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Sep. 2017 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Glover, Savion 1974–." Contemporary Black Biography. . Encyclopedia.com. (September 24, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/glover-savion-1974 "Glover, Savion 1974–." Contemporary Black Biography. . Retrieved September 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/glover-savion-1974 "Glover, Savion 1973–." Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Sep. 2017 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Glover, Savion 1973–." Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. . Encyclopedia.com. (September 24, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/glover-savion-1973 "Glover, Savion 1973–." Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. . Retrieved September 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/glover-savion-1973 <doc-sep> We’ve sent a registration confirmation email to . You already have an account registered under . You can link your Facebook account to your existing account. 1

Savion Glover

Savion Glover (born November 19, 1973) is an American tap dancer, actor, and choreographer.

Savion Glover (born November 19, 1973) is an American tap dancer, actor, and choreographer. == Early life == Glover's great grandfather on his mother's side, Dick (King Richard) Lundy, was a shortstop in the Negro Leagues. He managed eleven Negro League baseball teams, including the Newark Eagles. His grandfather, Bill Lewis, was a big band pianist and vocalist. His grandmother, Anna Lundy Lewis, was the minister of music at New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, NJ. She played for Whitney Houston when she was singing in the gospel choir. Anna Lundy Lewis was the one who first noticed Savion's musical talent. She once held him and hummed some rhythms to him, and he smiled and joined along. == Career == Savion states his style is "young and funk." When asked to describe what funk is, he says it is the bass line. "Funk is anything that gets one's head on beat. It is riding with the rhythm. It is a pulse that keeps one rolling with the beat." Gregory Hines, a tap legend, was one of Glover's tap teachers. Hines stated that "Savion is possibly the best tap dancer that ever lived." Savion likes to start his pieces with some old school moves from famous tappers and then work his way into his own style. Hines says it’s like paying homage to those he respects. When Honi Coles died, Savion performed at his memorial service. He finished his dance with a famous Coles move, a backflip into a split from standing position, then getting up without using one's hands. Savion rarely does this move because it wasn't his style, but he did it because it was Coles' style that Savion wanted to keep alive. "I feel like it's one of my responsibilities to keep the dance alive, to keep it out there, to keep the style." Henry LeTang called Glover "the Sponge," because he learns very quickly with everything that is thrown at him. LeTang taught the Hines brothers back in the 1950s and taught Glover for a little while before having him work for "Black and Blue," a tap revue in Paris in 1987. Many legendary tappers taught Glover such as LeTang, the Hines brothers, Jimmy Slyde, Dianne Walker, Chuck Green, Lon Chaney (Isaiah Chaneyfield), Honi Coles, Sammy Davis, Jr., Buster Brown, Howard Sims, and Arthur Duncan. == Teaching == He has taught tap since he was 14 years old. Glover created Real Tap Skills. He started HooFeRz Club School for Tap, in Newark, New Jersey. Wants to bring back the real essence of tap. Savion claims he is on a mission to reclaim the rhythm that was lost when tap dancing was recycled after many generations. At the age of seven, Savion drummed in a group called Three Plus One. In the group, he demanded that he dance while he played the drum. Glover has a heavy foot for tap. He dances hard and loud in every step. He teaches his mentees that one must learn how to "hit," a term related to one's ability to express oneself, to complete a tap sequence, or to say something. == Choreography == == Notable choreographed pieces == Bring in 'Da Noise, Bring in 'Da Funk Savion Glover's Nu York, ABC special ABC opening to Monday Night Football The Rat Pack, HBO movie Created a dance company called NYOTs (Not Your Ordinary Tappers) PBS for President Clinton in Savion Glover's Stomp, Slide, and Swing: In Performances in the Whitehouse Savion Glover/Downtown: Live Communication Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed When Glover choreographs a piece, he improvises as he generates a dance sequence. As he finds rhythms, he listens for new sounds at many points on the stage. "I'm feelin' the stage for sounds. You might find a spot on it that gives you that bass; you might find a spot on the floor that gives you that dead type tom-tom sound." "I think what makes Savion an incredible artist is his extraordinary joy in what he does. He is able to live in that state of joy and not compromise his emotional complexity like the earlier tap dancers had to," says George C. Wolfe. == Broadway == == The Tap Dance Kid (1985) == This musical was based on the novel, Nobody's Family is Going to Change by Louise Fitzhugh. Glover's Broadway debut, at the age of 10, was as a replacement with this show. The musical was choreographed by Danny Daniels with direction by Vivian Matalon; the music was by Henry Krieger and lyrics by Robert Lorick. Reviews of this show were mediocre. The New York Times claimed it was a traditional story to give children a dream to look forward to, but wasn't anything exceptional. However, the musical went on to be nominated for 7 Tony Awards, including Best Musical. == Black and Blue (1989) == Performed at the age of 15. For his performance, he became one of the youngest performers ever nominated for a Tony Award. == Jelly's Last Jam (1992) == The tap dancing was choreographed by Ted Levy and Gregory Hines. Glover played the role of "Young Jelly". Glover was nominated for the Drama Desk Award as Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical. == Bring in 'Da Noise, Bring in 'Da Funk (1996) == Glover both performed in this musical and was the Choreographer. He was nominated for the Tony Award, Actor in a Musical for his roles as Lil' Dahlin' and 'da Beat and for Choreography. "Mr. Glover meticulously and respectfully demonstrates the techniques made famous by each, then blends them all into an exultant stylistic brew that belongs to no one but him. As dance, as musical, as theater, as art, as history and entertainment, there's nothing Noise/Funk cannot and should not do." -New York Times. == Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed (2016) == Glover choreographed this musical, which opened in 2016 at the Music Box Theatre. He has been nominated for a Tony Award for Best Choreography and a Drama Desk Award for his work on the musical. == Filmography == == Film == 1988 - Driving Me Crazy, Audition artist, First Run 1989 - Tap, as Louis, TriStar 2000 - Bamboozled, as Manray/Mantan, New Line 2001 - The Making of Bamboozled 2000 - Barbra Streisand's "Timeless" 2006 - Happy Feet, choreography and motion capture for "Mumble" 2011 - Happy Feet 2, choreography for "Mumble" == Television == Shangri-La Plaza, 1990 CBS pilot Sesame Street (1990–95) (also known as Les amis de Sesame, Canadian Sesame Street, The New Sesame Street, Open Sesame, and Sesame Park), as Savion, on PBS Dance in America: Tap! Black Film Makers Hall of Fame The Kennedy Center Honors Academy Awards Ceremony (1996) for Tom Hanks tribute The Wall, as Bracey Mitchell, 1998 Showtime TV movie The Rat Pack, as the choreographer, 1998 HBO TV movie Bojangles, as Newcomer, 2001 Showtime TV movie The Eric Andre Show (2012) So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (2016) - Choreographer == Episodic == 1987 - Super Dave 1998 - Sin City Spectacular (also known as Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular), FX 1999 - The Jamie Foxx Show, "Taps for Royal," The WB 1999 - Saturday Night Live, (Uncredited), NBC 2000 - Odyssey, America! 2003 - Cedric the Entertainer Presents, Bartholomew, Fox == TV specials == 1989 - Tap Dance in America (also known as Gregory Hines' Tap Dance in America), PBS 1991 - The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS 1992 - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, NBC 1992 - Jammin': Jelly Roll Morton on Broadway (documentary), PBS 1993 - Sesame Street Stays Up Late! (also known as Sesame Street Stays Up Late! A Monster New Year's Eve Party), as Savion, PBS 1994 - Sesame Street's All-Star 25th Birthday: Stars and Street Forever!, ABC 1994 - In a New Light `94, ABC 1995 - The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS 1996 - Vanessa Williams & Friends: Christmas in New York, ABC 1997 - It Just Takes One, USA 1997 - 53rd Presidential Inaugural Gala, CBS 1998 - Slide and Swing with Savion Glover, Stomp, PBS 1998 - Savion Glover's Nu York, as the Host, ABC 1998 - Savion Glover's Nu York, Executive producer and choreographer, ABC 1998 - The First 50 Years, Quincy Jones, ABC 1998 - The New Jersey Performing Arts Center Opening Night Gala, PBS, 1999 - Disney's Young Musicians Symphony Orchestra in Concert, Disney Channel 1999- The Jamie Foxx Show 2000 - The Steadfast Tin Soldier: An Animated Special from the "Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child" Series (animated), the voice of toy dancer, HBO 2001 - Barbra Streisand-Timeless, Brother Time, Fox 2001 - Barbra Streisand-Timeless, as the choreographer, Fox 2002 - Olympic Winter Games, Closing ceremony, NBC 2002 - AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to Tom Hanks, USA == Awards presentations == 1989 - The 61st Annual Academy Awards Presentation, ABC 1989 - 16th Annual Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, syndicated 1997 - Launching the Tonys, as the Presenter, Broadway `97, PBS 1997 - The 51st Annual Tony Awards, CBS 1997 - 39th Grammy Awards, CBS 1998 - The 13th Annual Stellar Gospel Music Awards, syndicated 1998 - 12th Annual Soul Train Music Awards, syndicated 1999 - 30th NAACP Image Awards, Fox 2001 - The 32nd NAACP Image Awards, Fox == Music videos == 2001 - "Timeless: Live in Concert", Brother Time Also appeared in the music video "Havana" by Kenny G Also appeared in the music video "All about the Benjamins" by Puff Daddy and the Family == Stage appearances == 1984 - The Tap Dance Kid, (Broadway debut) Title character 1989–91- Black and Blue, Minskoff Theatre, Broadway 1992–93 - Jelly's Last Jam, as Young Jelly, Virginia Theatre, Broadway 1996–97 - Bring in da Noise, Bring in da Funk, Ambassador Theatre, Broadway 1998 - Savion Glover: Downtown, Variety Arts Theatre, New York City 1999 - Keep Bangin′, Players Theatre, New York City 2001 - Foot Notes, Wilshire Theatre, Los Angeles 2002 - Savion Glover with TiDii the Egg, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY == Tours == 2000 - Foot Notes, The Concert, U. S. cities 2002 - Bring in da Noise, Bring in da Funk, U.S. cities/international cities Also toured U.S. cities in Jelly's Last Jam 2013 - Stepz, U.S. cities/London == Albums == 1989 - Black and Blue (original cast recording), DRG 1992 - Jelly's Last Jam (original cast recording), Mercury 1995 - Hot Jazz for a Cool Yule, Pacific Vista Productions 1996 - Bring in da Noise, Bring in da Funk (original cast recording), RCAVictor 1996 - "Prince: Joint 2 Joint" (tap dance breakdown), from the album Emancipation 2002 - "Talib Kweli-Stand 2 the side", from the album Quality == Publications == == Books == 1997 - Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 14, Gale 1997 - Newsmakers, Issue 4, Gale 2000 - Savion! My Life in Tap, with Bruce Weber, HarperCollins == Periodicals == November 1994 Dance Magazine April 1996 Dance Magazine May 23, 1998 TV Guide, p. 6 == Awards == 1996 - Tony Award for Best Choreography for Bring in 'Da Noise, Bring in 'Da Funk 1992 Dance Magazine Award for choreography, making him the youngest recipient in N.E.A. history.1

0.174

St. Michaels, Arizona<EOT>1

St. Michaels, Arizona

St. Michaels (Navajo: Tsʼíhootso) is a chapter of the Navajo Nation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The Navajo Nation Government Campus is located within the chapter at Window Rock. The population was 1,443 at the 2010 census.

St. Michaels (Navajo: Tsʼíhootso) is a chapter of the Navajo Nation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The Navajo Nation Government Campus is located within the chapter at Window Rock. The population was 1,443 at the 2010 census. == Geography == St. Michaels is located at 35°39′45″N 109°5′42″W (35.662418, -109.094957) on the eastern boundary of the Defiance Plateau. The community is located on the west side of the Black Creek Valley and Black Creek, a north tributary to the southwest-flowing Rio Puerco. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.9 km²), all of it land. == History == The St. Michaels area is referred to as Ts'ithootso in the Navajo language and translates to "area that extends out in yellow and green." The microclimate was originally referred to by its Spanish translation Cienega Amarilla (Spanish: "yellow meadow") describing the late summer yellow flowers and grass. The area was first noted by the U.S. military in 1850 when Lt. James Harvey Simpson named it Sieneguilla de Maria. In the 1850s a planned ambush against local Navajos was thwarted by a man who went on to become a signatory to the Navajo Treaty of 1868. Delgadito (Chách'oshnééz ((“Tall Syphilis”)) successfully alerted Navajos preparing for a prisoner exchange with Mexican slave-holders. == Saint Michael Convent == Construction on the Franciscan Mission began in 1896 using financing from Rev. Mother Katharine Drexel, founder of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament. Rev. Anselm Weber took over construction on October 11, 1897, adopting the name Saint Michaels for the area (from Navajo Tsʼíhootso: "Green Meadow"). St. Michael Parish would be officially founded in 1898. In 1910, Fr. Berard Haile prepared a Navajo ethnologic dictionary at the Franciscan Mission. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there were 1,295 people, 306 households, and 247 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 338.5 people per square mile (130.5/km²). There were 360 housing units at an average density of 94.1/sq mi (36.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.12% Native American, 7.03% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.77% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. 2.16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 306 households out of which 50.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 25.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 13.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.96 and the average family size was 4.48. In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 40.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,107, and the median income for a family was $28,839. Males had a median income of $41,964 versus $24,531 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,572. About 20.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 27.3% of those age 65 or over. == Education == St. Michaels is a part of Window Rock Unified School District and is served by Window Rock Elementary School, Tse Ho Tso Middle School, and Window Rock High School. The community is also served by the Saint Michael Indian School, a K-12 private, Catholic school established by Saint Katharine Drexel in 1902. Saint Michael Indian School is a member of the National Catholic Education Association and the Diocese of Gallup Catholic School System. == Health Care == St. Michaels is served by the Fort Defiance Indian Hospital at Fort Defiance.1

0.175

Jinisys Software<EOT>1

Jinisys Software

Jinisys Software Inc. is a Filipino software engineering company that delivers various property management system for hospitality and real estates. Headquartered in Cebu Holdings Center, Cebu Business Park, Cebu City, Philippines, with other offices in Northgate Cyberzone, Filinvest City, Alabang. The company's well-known products are Folio+, Event+, Resto+, Call+, Queue+, and SAP Business One as re-seller. The company also provides custom software development services.

Jinisys Software Inc. is a Filipino software engineering company that delivers various property management system for hospitality and real estates. Headquartered in Cebu Holdings Center, Cebu Business Park, Cebu City, Philippines, with other offices in Northgate Cyberzone, Filinvest City, Alabang. The company's well-known products are Folio+, Event+, Resto+, Call+, Queue+, and SAP Business One as re-seller. The company also provides custom software development services. == History == It started by two people who have seen the lack automation towards hotel management in the Philippines. As software engineers, they started to develop a software that could handle most hotel management tasks from basic to advance users. They began to distribute their hotel software to a few clients and their customer grew in time. The company was legally established on year 2008 through Philippine SEC registration. == Products == On September 5, 2012, Jinisys Software filed and registered a patent right to Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines for its product Folio+. Folio+ is a hotel reservation system with additional features that mainly automates hotel management tasks. Jinisys Software's Resto+ has been included on BIR's list of accredited POS software in the Philippines. Resto+ is a restaurant management software that internally interacts with Point of sale software and hardware. == Academe == Twenty local universities in the Philippines integrated Folio+ with their hospitality curriculum. == Internationalization == In the year 2014, the company started expanding towards Asian countries specifically in Papua New Guinea. == Partnerships == Jinisys Software is a partner of SAP Philippines and a Cisco certified partner (Cisco, n.d.). The company is also an Avaya Partner.1

0.176

Phosphoramidate<EOT>1

Phosphoramidate

A phosphoramidate is a phosphate that has an NR₂ instead of an OH group. The structure of phosphoramidic acid (phosphoramidate), (HO)₂PONH₂, is present in PubChem. A phosphorodiamidate is a phosphate that has two of its OH groups substituted by NR₂ groups.

A phosphoramidate is a phosphate that has an NR₂ instead of an OH group. The structure of phosphoramidic acid (phosphoramidate), (HO)₂PONH₂, is present in PubChem. A phosphorodiamidate is a phosphate that has two of its OH groups substituted by NR₂ groups. == Examples == Two examples of natural phosphoramidates are phosphocreatine and the phosphoramidate formed when histidine residues in histidine kinases are phosphorylated. An example of a phosphorodiamidate is Morpholino which is used in molecular biology.1

0.177

Vishal Kumar<EOT>1

Vishal Kumar

R. Vishal Kumar (born 30 July 1992) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Minerva Punjab in the I-League.

R. Vishal Kumar (born 30 July 1992) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Minerva Punjab in the I-League. == Club career == == Early career == Born in Bangalore, Karnataka, it was in 2005 that football captured Vishal's imagination. The 8th standard student's enthusiasm caught the attention of Sports Authority of India coach Mary Victoria, who asked him to attend the beginners' camp at Nandan ground in Austin Town. Later, she introduced him to veteran coach Dada Peer, who was in charge of the Department of Youth Services and Sports-run Sports School at Vidyanagar. "I failed in the selection trials. But Dada Peer Sir believed in my skills and ability and admitted me to the school," said Vishal. During his term in Department of Youth Services and Sports-run Sports School, he failed to impress State coaches during the trials for Under-16 team. "I could not get a look in when I was in ninth standard. But I was not ready to give up. I attended the trials next year and won my place," he said. The 29th edition of the sub-junior national championship for Mir Iqbal Hussain Trophy transformed his life forever. Karnataka's campaign ended in the semifinals, but the left wing back's career graph began to rise and he landed at the National camp in Gujarat. A couple of days before the camp concluded, Vishal was forced to return to Bangalore with a broken left forearm, which he sustained during the late stages of a match while attempting a bicycle kick. "I was shattered as I could not complete the camp. I had almost put my national aspirations to rest. But I was surprised when the team's technical director Colm Toal took me into the national squad, even as I was recovering from the injury. It was a dream come true for me," said Vishal. Now he carries Karnataka's football legacy at the national level, as he was the State's lone representative in the Indian probable list for the Olympic qualifiers against Qatar. He was also part of the Indian Arrows team that was formed with the main goal of nurturing young Indian football talents in the hope of qualifying for the 2018 World Cup in Russia From then on, he was a regular in the India national under-16 football team and India national under-19 football team national squads and he figured in the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship qualification preliminary round matches in Saudi Arabia and the final round in Uzbekistan. He also traveled to Germany, England, USA and Bhutan on various exposure-cum-competition trips. == Indian Arrows == After playing a few matches for HAL Bangalore in the I-League 2nd Division, Vishal was selected to join the newly created Pailan Arrows (then AIFF XI) of the I-League, a team made up of entirely U21 players. On 3 December 2010, He made his I-League debut against United SC, which was also the AIFF XI's first ever I-League match as well, at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata in which he started as the AIFF XI went down 2–1. He appeared in 17 league matches in the first season. == Bengaluru FC == After spending three seasons with the Pailan Arrows, Vishal signed with new direct-entry side Bengaluru FC for the 2013–14 season. He made his debut for the side in the clubs I-League opener against Mohun Bagan A.C. on 22 September 2013 in which he started and played the full match as Bengaluru drew the match 1–1. The first goal scored by Bengaluru FC was by an assist from Vishal. He was released by the club in November 2016. == International == Vishal has represented India at the U16, U19, and U23 levels. == Career statistics == == Awards == 1

0.178

Bounty Killer (film)<EOT>1

Bounty Killer (film)

Bounty Killer is a 2013 post-apocalyptic action comedy directed by Henry Saine about celebrity assassins who hunt the white collar criminals responsible for the apocalypse. The film premiered at the Dallas International Film Festival. The film is based on a graphic novel published by Kickstart Comics in 2013.

Bounty Killer is a 2013 post-apocalyptic action comedy directed by Henry Saine about celebrity assassins who hunt the white collar criminals responsible for the apocalypse. The film premiered at the Dallas International Film Festival. The film is based on a graphic novel published by Kickstart Comics in 2013. == Plot == Two of the highest ranked bounty killers in the Thrice Burned Lands, Drifter (Matthew Marsden) and Mary Death (Christian Pitre) team up to exterminate a party full of yellow-tied corporate criminals. Drifter’s explosive killing style is in stark contrast to Mary’s graceful way of delivering death to white collar scum. Despite their difference in style, they exhibit level of comfort with one another that seems to indicate a long and dynamic history between these celebrity assassins. After the fight moves to a skyscraper’s rooftop, Drifter disposes of his intended target and saves Mary from falling to her death. The bounty killers ride into the bustling town of San Dalloosa, Drifter on his chopper, Mary in her signature cherry-topped death machine. They arrive at Daft Willy’s Chop Shop and Bounty Supply, a converted jet fuselage from the Corporate Wars where bounty killers exchange the bodies of slain targets for cash. A crowd has gathered at the entrance to welcome the heroes. Drifter doesn’t attract the same amount of attention from the paparazzi as Mary Death—how could he? She’s stunningly beautiful—a chiseled, unrepentant killer in thigh high boots. She greets her fans and the press, telling them “I never pull out before the big kill.” While Mary basks in her fans’ adoration, Drifter meets an exuberant gun caddy for hire named Jack LeMans (Barak Hardley). Drifter is not in the mood to hear Jack’s very enthusiastic offer of service, so he leaves him at the gate and heads on into Willy’s. Inside we meet the proprietor, Daft Willy (Kevin McNally). He’s a cantankerous English thug in a blood-soaked apron who will log your kills for the Council of Nine while delivering you a healthy, filth-laden dose of sass. Willy tells Drifter a new death warrant has been issued for their friend Snaggletooth Harry. Drifter’s distress over this revelation attracts the attention of Mary, who enters with a cart full of dead executives. She’s curious to know why he’d make such a big deal out of a small-time collar, telling him “He must be your snitch.” Just then, Jack springs out of Mary’s cart. Willy, Drifter and Mary all pull their guns. Jack pleads for one chance to prove he’s the world’s greatest gun caddy. Drifter decides to give him a shot, knowing he’ll probably be dead within a week anyway. After the bounty killers leave, Daft Willy receives a new death warrant on his Council-Comm printer. The look on his face tells us this isn’t your everyday warrant. Jack and Drifter practice tossing guns back and forth from Drifter’s chopper to Jack’s scooter. They’re on their way to Harry’s Whisky Saloon in Drip Rock to find out why he’s a wanted man. Meanwhile, Mary works on her Mustang’s rear differential which was overstressed by the massive pile of bodies she towed on her trailer. She fixes the car, kicks the trailer away and vows to her car, “No more attachments, just like mama.” At that moment, a tiny car approaches. Out pops Greg Gunney (Jeff Meacham), a sleazy salesman in a sport coat/turtleneck combo. He offers Mary a chance to “join the team” and use her celebrity to endorse his company, Wasteland Resorts—a subsidiary of Second Sun Enterprises, the mysterious company of yellow-ties Mary encountered at the loft party. Mary sees through Greg’s scheme and executes him and his bodyguard with her signature go-go boot spur-kick-to-the-throat move. Upon searching his car she finds a disturbing death warrant—it’s for Francis Gorman, aka “Drifter.” Back in Drip Rock, Drifter finds that Harry is dead, his body surrounded by copies of the Francis Gorman death warrant. It’s a trap. Mary arrives in Drip Rock and confronts Drifter about the poster. She’s furious that he lied to her. Drifter assures her there is some sort of mistake and he’s going to the Council building to work it all out. She won’t let him off that easy. “I’m going with you, and that’s not a request.” She fires her gun at Drifter which sends him flying out the second story window. Upon landing he’s attacked by several yellow-tied goons. He calls to Jack to grab the bikes. Though grossly outnumbered, the bounty killers eliminate their attackers while arguing about whether or not Mary gets to tag along to see the Council. Just as the last goon drops dead from his sniper post, Jack and Drifter haul ass out of town. Mary puts her hair up and struts to her Mustang. Outside the town, Mary fires at Drifter and Jack. Jack tells Drifter she won’t be a problem because he modified the car’s boosters while they were in Harry’s Saloon. Mary kicks on her boosters, sending the vehicle into a violent donut spin before bursting into flames. Jack: “That’s not supposed to happen.” Drifter looks back to a soot-covered Mary to make sure she’s alive. She looks back to Drifter with deep anger in her eyes. Back in Drip Rock, a slick Corvette stingray enters the town square, now littered with the bodies of several yellow ties. Behind the wheel is Van Sterling (Gary Busey), a high ranking executive at Second Sun. He questions one of the struggling henchmen and learns the bounty killers got away and are on their way to the Council. Van then answers a call on his briefcase video phone. He relays the information about the bounty killers to his boss, a severe business woman in yellow stilettos by the name of Catherine (Kristanna Loken). She encourages him to “finish the job” or she will have no choice but to terminate him. Van promises to track down the bounty killers and “keep the killing alive.” Later that night, Drifter explains to Jack that he’s a wanted criminal and that he should take off. Jack vows to stay. Suddenly, out of the darkness, Drifter is approached by a skull-faced assassin who holds a knife to his throat. This is a Gypsy. Drifter and Jack are tied to a pole in the middle of a rambunctious celebration at a Gypsy camp. Heavy drinking, fire dancing and other revelry surround the two prisoners. From the largest tent enters the Gypsy Queen, Mocha Sujata (Eve Jeffers). Mocha interrogates Drifter, wanting to know the location of Nuri, a Gypsy girl who escaped their camp many years ago. “She mentioned the name Drifter.” Mocha, not happy with Drifter’s refusal to give up any information, orders another Gypsy to burn him with her fire wands. Despite the extreme torture, Drifter keeps his mouth shut. Mocha calls off the interrogation for the night, leaving the prisoners alone. Drifter confesses to Jack that the Gypsies are looking for Mary. Jack doesn’t understand why Drifter would risk their lives for a woman who tried to kill them, but then realizes that Drifter must be in love with Mary. Drifter explains how he first met Mary many years ago when she lived her life as a Gypsy named Nuri. Nuri approached him while he was in the company of a prostitute Estelle (Mindy Robinson) and demanded he teach her how to be a bounty killer. While training her, they fell in love. But the relationship ended when Drifter suggested they get a place together and settle down. At daybreak, the Gypsies are all passed out from a hard night of knocking back pots of roach liquor. Drifter and Jack have cut themselves free from the pole. They climb atop a Gypsy coach (an Airstream trailer pulled by three motorcycles) and make their escape from the camp. Upon hearing the engines’ roar, the Gypsies awake and chase after their prisoners. A Western-style stagecoach scene unfolds when Jack and Drifter try to eliminate their pursuers. A bazooka finishes them off and allows the guys to ride off into the desert. Mary arrives at the Thirsty Beaver, the bounty killer training facility and tavern where she lived during her training with Drifter. Inside she finds the Beaver’s owner, Lucille (Beverly D’Angelo). Lucille helps Mary get cleaned up and back on the road with her old Gypsy bike. She makes sure Mary leaves with her chest-plate armor, telling her “Sometimes it pays for a girl to be practical.” Jack and Drifter pull the Gypsy coach up to a small shack in the middle of what appears to be a junkyard. Outside the shack is a Chevy Nova painted up in Pabst Blue Ribbon race car livery. Drifter tells Jack they need the help of the car’s driver, a coyote named Jimbo (Abraham Benrubi), who will help them get across the Badlands and over to the Council building. Jimbo tells the guys there’s too much risk and that he’s not willing to do the job no matter what price they’re willing to pay. Drifter convinces Jimbo by offering him a six-pack of Pabst Blue Ribbon, Jimbo’s favorite drink and a rarity in the post-apocalyptic world. Mary is lost in the Badlands, a war-torn city engulfed by a violent nuclear storm. She sees a beacon that leads her to Azimuth’s map shop. Inside she meets the mapmaker and pleads with him to help her find her way out of the Badlands and over to the Council building. He refuses to help her until he looks up and realizes she’s the famous Mary Death. He then offers to help in exchange for an autograph. Jimbo successfully makes his way through the Badlands in record time. To celebrate, he cracks open a can of Pabst. “Now I can die a happy man.” Just then Jimbo is shot in the arm by an unseen assailant. The car takes several more hits from a sniper in the hills while Drifter, Jack and Jimbo take cover. Drifter soon realizes the shooter is Mary. He convinces her to come down from the hill and talk it out. Mary points a gun at Drifter and tells him he’s a dead man. Jack has had enough. He loses it, exclaiming that he’s sick of all the guns and the Badlands and Gypsies trying to eat them. He tells Mary that Drifter was beaten to hell by the Gypsies but never gave her up because he loves her. He also points out that Mary could have easily shot Drifter, but she didn’t because she loves him. Mary drops her gun and agrees to let them use her map to get to the Council. The group arrives at the Council building and finds the village destroyed by an army of yellow-ties. Inside the Council chamber are the slain bodies of the Council judges. Drifter explains how he knew there must be something wrong. He knew the Council personally. In fact, he was offered a position to be the tenth judge but refused in order to become the first bounty killer. Mary is distraught by the Council’s death, but agrees they must go after those responsible—Second Sun. Just then our heroes are captured and surrounded by another group of yellow-ties including Van and Catherine, who we learn was once married to Drifter. Catherine explains her plan to pin the death of the Council on Mary Death so Second Sun can step in and promise a better life to the survivors of the Thrice Burned Lands. Just when we think all is lost both groups are attacked by Gypsies! During the fight, Jimbo is shot again but saved by Jack who hides him in the trunk of the Nova. Mary leaves Drifter to fight with Mocha. Then Jack leaves Drifter to fight with Van. Drifter is then knocked unconscious and taken aboard the Second Sun helicopter with Catherine. They fly away as the battle rages on. Mary kills Mocha, but is severely injured in the process. Mary awakes in a Gypsy tent to find Jack at her bedside. He tells her the Gypsies are now under her control because she killed their queen. They make a plan to free Drifter from Second Sun with the help of Mary’s new Gypsy army. Inside Second Sun we find Drifter shaven and wearing a suit. He’s tied to a chair in a glass office. Catherine enters and tells him she’d like to reinstate his position as CEO of Gorman Enterprises, now owned by Second Sun. She thinks his “Drifter” celebrity will inspire market confidence. “Run this company with me, Francis. It’s the only thing you’ve ever been good at.” Just then Mary and Jack burst into the office bullpen with their Gypsy army. They knock Catherine unconscious and rescue Drifter. Jack, now a quick and precise gun caddy, assists Drifter and Mary as they unleash their fury upon the employees of Second Sun. Just as they’re about to make their escape, Mary is shot down by Catherine. Drifter kills Catherine and runs to Mary’s lifeless body. He then realizes Mary is wearing a chest-plate. Jack and Drifter carry Mary to safety. Mary and Drifter spend two weeks naked in each other’s arms back at the Thirsty Beaver. Jimbo gives Jack his last can of Pabst to thank him for saving him from the Gypsies. Mary, now in a new black leather get-up, comes down the stairs and hops into her new cherry-topped death machine, a gift from Jack to make up for blowing up her old one. She tells Jack she’s off to do battle with another branch of Second Sun then hits the gas and takes off. Drifter runs out, stabbed again in the spleen by Mary. She looks to him in the rearview: “Come and get me, old man.” == Cast == Christian Pitre as Mary Death Matthew Marsden as Francis Gorman/Drifter Kristanna Loken as Catherine Barak Hardley as Jack LeMans Abraham Benrubi as Jimbo Eve Jeffers as Mocha Sujata Beverly D'Angelo as Lucille Kevin McNally as Daft Willy Mindy Robinson as Estelle Gary Busey as Van Sterling Jeff Meacham as Greg Gunney Will Collyer as Billy Boom Soon Hee Newbold as Vio Lin == Production == The idea was first explored as a cartoon, which was subsequently adapted into both a graphic novel and short film. Saine's original works were closer in tone to The Road Warrior and were modeled after the Enron scandal. After the financial crisis of 2007–08, Saine realized that a feature-length adaptation would be even more timely. The feature film's tone was influenced by Ice Pirates, Six String Samurai, and Death Race 2000. Although explicit themes of retrofuturism were eventually dropped as too confusing for audiences to understand, the film's setting still makes use of the aesthetic; for example, the cars are all from the 1970s, and much of the technology is analog. Shooting took 18 days. Although the crew were fond of practical effects, they did not have the opportunity to make extensive use of them due to the fast production schedule. Many of the cars used in the film were either donated or made available at low cost. == Soundtrack == The theme song "Gonna Getcha" was performed by Sara Bareilles who also sang "The Kill" for the film's end credits. Both songs were written by Will Collyer. Lyrics for "The Kill" were written by Sujata Day. == Release == Bounty Killer had its world premiere at the Dallas International Film Festival in the US and played at Fantasia Film Festival in Canada. Bounty Killer was released on 6 September 2013 in theaters and on Video on Demand. The DVD and Blu-ray were released on 29 October 2013. Bounty Killer was released in the UK on DVD, Blu-ray, and VOD on 27 January 2014. == Reception == Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 58% of 26 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.7/10. Metacritic rated it 46/100 based on nine reviews. Dennis Harvey of Variety wrote, "Cheerfully gory, derivative and silly, Bounty Killer aspires to nothing more or less than trashy fun for genre fans, and [...] delivers on that modest but admirable score." Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "It's all utterly silly and derivative but also undeniably entertaining." Film Journal International called it "sometimes clever and always action-packed". Miriam Bale of The New York Times wrote, "Watching this movie feels like viewing a very long, expensive car commercial and waiting for the real film to begin." Inkoo Kang of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Flat jokes, uneven performances, and a predictable romance help make Bounty Killer a lot less fun than it should be — a killer shame, given its boldly gonzo premise." G. Allen Johnson of the San Francisco Chronicle rated it four out of five stars and called it "an agreeable time passer" where the stars appear to be having a fun time. Michael Nordine of The Village Voice wrote that while the film is not good, it is still entertaining. Nick Schager of The Dissolve rated it two our of five stars and wrote, "Bounty Killer proves a derivative science-fiction saga with even less flavor than the characters' rare favorite beverage, Pabst Blue Ribbon." Gabe Toro of Indiewire rated it C− and wrote, "It's a film that plays equally to both sides of the political spectrum, and it feels like pandering either way." Bill Graham of Twitch Film wrote, "With a silly brand of inventive and violent humor crossed with the freedom of the post-apocalyptic setting, Bounty Killer is a hell of a good time that never takes itself too seriously."1

0.179

Biju Menon<EOT>1

Biju Menon

Biju Menon (born 9 September 1970) is an Indian film actor who has starred in over a 100 Malayalam films, along with a few Tamil and Telugu films. He appears mostly in supporting roles, but has also acted in lead and antagonistic roles. He made his debut in 1995 in Puthran. Biju Menon's popular characters include Mahendra Varma in Mannar Mathai Speaking (1995), Akhilachandran in Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu (1997), Uthaman in Kannezhuthi Pottum Thottu (1999), Vishnu in Madhuranombarakattu (2000), Rajeevan in Meghamalhar (2001), C.I. Bhadran K. Menon in Shivam (2002), Jose in Marykkundoru Kunjaadu (2010), Philip Idikkula in Seniors (2011), Suku in Ordinary, Balakrishnan in Mayamohini, Rishikesh in Run Baby Run (2012), Shibu/Fr. Sebu in Romans (2013), Mamachan in Vellimoonga (2014), Lt. Zachariah in Anarkali (2015), and Kuttiyappan in Leela (2016).

Biju Menon (born 9 September 1970) is an Indian film actor who has starred in over a 100 Malayalam films, along with a few Tamil and Telugu films. He appears mostly in supporting roles, but has also acted in lead and antagonistic roles. He made his debut in 1995 in Puthran. Biju Menon's popular characters include Mahendra Varma in Mannar Mathai Speaking (1995), Akhilachandran in Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu (1997), Uthaman in Kannezhuthi Pottum Thottu (1999), Vishnu in Madhuranombarakattu (2000), Rajeevan in Meghamalhar (2001), C.I. Bhadran K. Menon in Shivam (2002), Jose in Marykkundoru Kunjaadu (2010), Philip Idikkula in Seniors (2011), Suku in Ordinary, Balakrishnan in Mayamohini, Rishikesh in Run Baby Run (2012), Shibu/Fr. Sebu in Romans (2013), Mamachan in Vellimoonga (2014), Lt. Zachariah in Anarkali (2015), and Kuttiyappan in Leela (2016). == Acting career == Biju Menon started his acting career through Malayalam television serials such as Ningalude Swantham Chanthu, Parudeesayilekulla Patha and Mikhayelinte Santhathikal. He made his debut in films with Puthran, the sequel of Mikhayelinte Santhathikal. He acted in a number of movies as villain and second hero. During the second half of nineties, he was considered to be the superstar in making. But most of the films with Biju Menon as hero failed in box office,in spite of his good performance, though his roles as second hero were very popular. He acted with Suresh Gopi in a number of super hit movies like Pathram, F. I. R., and Chinthamani Kolacase. During the later 1990s and early 2000s he appeared in a few offbeat movies with directors like T. V. Chandran, Lenin Rajendran, and Kamal in the films Mazha, Madhuranombarakkattu, Anyar, and Meghamalhar. He is considered to be one of the favourite actors of director Lal Jose, as he has appeared in the majority of movies directed by him, including Oru Maravathoor Kanavu, Chandranudikkunna Dikhil, Randaam Bhavam,Pattalam, Rasikan, Chanthupottu, Mulla and Spanish Masala. He won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor twice in his acting career for his roles as Akhilachandran in Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu(1997) and Nanda Kumar in T. D. Dasan Std. VI B(2010). He also acts as an antagonist in Tamil films as well and has been successful in films like Majaa and Thambi. == Personal life == Menon was born on 9 September 1970 to Madathiparambil PN Balakrishna Pillai and Malathiyamma Menon. He has four brothers: Soman, Suresh, Rajendran and Sreekumar. He had his primary education from J.T.S Technical High School, Thrissur. He pursued degree in commerce from St Thomas College, Thrissur. He also did Master of Social Work (MSW). He is married to the former Malayalam actress Samyuktha Varma, who co-starred with him in Mazha, Madhuranombarakkattu and Meghamalhar. The couple has a son Daksh Dharmik born in 2006. == Awards == Kerala State Film Awards 2010 – Second Best Actor – T. D. Dasan Std. VI B 1997 – Second Best Actor – Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu Kerala Film Critics Awards 2010 – Best Supporting Actor – Marykkundoru Kunjaadu, Gadhama Asianet Film Awards 2016 - Asianet Film Award for Best Character Actor - Anuraga Karikkin Vellam 2015 - Asianet Film Award for Best Character Actor - Anarkali 2014 - Asianet Film Award for Most Popular Actor - Vellimoonga 2013 - Best Actor in a Comic Role - Romans 2012 – Asianet Film Award for Best Character Actor Award – Ordinary, Run Baby Run 2011 – Asianet Film Award for Best Character Actor Award – Snehaveedu, Seniors, Ulakam Chuttum Valiban 2001 – Best Star Pair Award – Meghamalhar (with Samyuktha Varma) 2000 – Best Supporting Actor – Millennium Stars 1999 – Best Supporting Actor – Pathram, Kannezhuthi Pottum Thottu Filmfare Awards South 2010 – Best Supporting Actor – Marykkundoru Kunjaadu 2012 – Best Supporting Actor – Ordinary Vanitha Film Awards 2010 – Best Supporting Actor – Marykkundoru Kunjaadu Asiavision Awards 2013 - Asiavision Awards - Second Best Actor North American Film Awards (NAFA) 2017 - North American Film Awards (NAFA) - Popular Hero of the Year - Anuraga Karikkin Vellam == Filmography == == Malayalam == == Telugu == == Tamil == == Dubbing Artist == Makaramanju - Voice for Santhosh Shivan Vismayam (Malayalam Dubbed Version of Manamantha) - Voice for P. Ravi Shankar == Television == Ningalude Swantham Chanthu (Doordarshan) Mikhayelinte Santhathikal (Doordarshan) Parudeesayilekulla Patha (Doordarshan)1

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Defiance (video game)<EOT>Sid Meier’s Pirates! is arguably the most important game ever made . . . and it also ruined my week. You see, I’m working on Archmage Rises—and part of my elevator pitch is, “It’s like Pirates! but with mages and permadeath.” 1

Defiance (video game)

Defiance is a science fiction-themed persistent world massively multiplayer online third-person shooter developed by Trion Worlds. Defiance takes place on a terraformed Earth several decades into the future. It is a tie-in to the Syfy show of the same name. The game was released on April 2, 2013, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was also released on Steam. The game went free-to-play on 4 June 2014 for PC, 14 August 2014 for PS3 and 18 November 2014 for Xbox 360.

Defiance is a science fiction-themed persistent world massively multiplayer online third-person shooter developed by Trion Worlds. Defiance takes place on a terraformed Earth several decades into the future. It is a tie-in to the Syfy show of the same name. The game was released on April 2, 2013, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was also released on Steam. The game went free-to-play on 4 June 2014 for PC, 14 August 2014 for PS3 and 18 November 2014 for Xbox 360. == Gameplay == Characters come from one of four Origins: Veterans, Outlaws, Machinists, or Survivalists. Veterans are a group of soldiers who survived The Pale Wars, a massive conflict between humans and aliens. Outlaws are criminals who raid and destroy for fortunes. Machinists are scavengers, who recover alien technology to make profits and a living from it. Survivalists are humans or aliens who attempt to survive in the newly formed, hostile world. Besides initial starter weapon and also costume - this choice, similar to Race (Human, Irathient, and Castithan) {survival} has no consequence in the later game, with all weapons, abilities and costumes being equally accessible to all players beyond the tutorial area. Players can choose to be either a Human or an "Irathient" (a humanoid alien species who are similar to humans), or the Castithan race if you have a particular DLC available. The Ark Hunters are injected with an EGO (Environmental Guardian Online), a symbiotic, neuro-muscular bionetic implant developed by Von Bach Industries, which helps players navigate the Bay Area and gives them access to unique abilities. == Setting == The game takes place in the San Francisco Bay Area, 15 years after the devastating Pale Wars between Earth and a loose alliance of extraterrestrial races known as Votanis Collective. The Votans came to Earth seeking a new home after the destruction of their solar system, unaware that the planet was already inhabited. Friction between the new arrivals and Humanity led to war, during which the Votan's terraforming technology was unleashed. The Earth's surface was drastically altered as a result, introducing radical changes in topography, the extinction of plant and animal species, and the emergence of new species. Afterward, Humans and Votans were forced to live together. Player characters are enlisted as "Ark Hunters" by industrialist Karl Von Bach to search the Bay Area for advanced and expensive alien technology. Players also take part in side missions to earn cash or challenges in which they compete with other Ark Hunters. == Development == Defiance had been in development since August 2008. It started as a collaborative effort between Trion and Syfy to make a video game that ran alongside a television series. The publisher has reportedly spent more than $70 million during development. The game's business model was changed from a paid game to a free-to play game on May 1, 2014 so as to introduce the game to a broader audience. Trion Worlds also added that they would consider the possibility of developing a port for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One once the consoles have a large player base. In October 2015, Syfy announced that the Defiance show would be discontinued after the end of its third season, but Trion Worlds would continue to support the game after the show's cancellation. On March 1, 2016, Trion announced the "Dark Metamorphosis" update for the game, which was publicized as Season Four of Defiance. == Reception == Defiance launched on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Windows PC on April 2, 2013. It received mixed reviews from critics upon release.1

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1989–90 Irish League Cup<EOT>1

1989–90 Irish League Cup

The 1989–90 Irish League Cup (known as the Roadferry Freight League Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth edition of Northern Ireland's secondary football knock-out cup competition. It concluded on 19 December 1989 with the final. Glentoran were the defending champions after defeating arch-rivals Linfield 2–1 in the previous final. This season they went out at the quarter-final stage with a defeat to Portadown. Glenavon were the eventual winners, becoming the fourth different winner of the competition in its first four seasons. They defeated Newry Town 3–1 in the final.

The 1989–90 Irish League Cup (known as the Roadferry Freight League Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth edition of Northern Ireland's secondary football knock-out cup competition. It concluded on 19 December 1989 with the final. Glentoran were the defending champions after defeating arch-rivals Linfield 2–1 in the previous final. This season they went out at the quarter-final stage with a defeat to Portadown. Glenavon were the eventual winners, becoming the fourth different winner of the competition in its first four seasons. They defeated Newry Town 3–1 in the final. == First round == Ballyclare Comrades and Omagh Town both received byes into the second round. == Second round == == Quarter-finals == == Semi-finals == == Final == 1

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2009 Brazil and Paraguay blackout<EOT>1

2009 Brazil and Paraguay blackout

The 2009 Brazil and Paraguay blackout was a power outage that occurred throughout much of Brazil and for a short time the entirety of Paraguay, on Tuesday, November 10, 2009, at approximately 22:15 BST. The blackout affected an estimated 60 million people in Brazil.

The 2009 Brazil and Paraguay blackout was a power outage that occurred throughout much of Brazil and for a short time the entirety of Paraguay, on Tuesday, November 10, 2009, at approximately 22:15 BST. The blackout affected an estimated 60 million people in Brazil. == The blackout == Thousands of passengers were stranded as metro trains came to a halt and buses failed to cope with the volume of passengers. There were widespread reports of road accidents as street lighting and traffic lights failed. The blackout began about 22:15 on Tuesday and lasted until about 02:45 on Wednesday in São Paulo, although power was restored gradually in some places from before midnight. == Causes == Heavy rains and strong winds caused three transformers on a key high-voltage transmission line to short circuit, cutting the line and automatically causing the complete loss of 14 GW of power and the shutdown of the Itaipu Dam for the first time in its 25-year history. The power cut, which Brazilian officials said affected 18 of the country's 26 states, brought chaos to cities including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande and Vitória. Media such as Slashdot and 60 Minutes reported that the outage was the work of hackers. However, in December, 2010, Wikileaks released a US diplomatic cable which suggested otherwise. The cable also reported that it represented a loss of 28,000 megawatts - or 45 percent of total Brazilian consumption at that instant - of electricity and left an estimated 87 million residents without power. Scrutiny has been intense and speculation rife over the cause of the incident, in large part due to the recent announcement of Rio as the host of the 2016 summer Olympics. and indicated that the longest outage was 6 hours, in São Paulo, and details interim reports on what failures caused the outage, and responses under consideration. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva arranged an emergency commission to enquire into the cause of the blackout. The blackout also unleashed a political stir as the Minister of Energy has been summoned to testify before Congress. == Affected regions == == Paraguay == The Itaipu Dam is shared with Paraguay. In the immediate aftermath of its failure, interconnecting lines to Paraguay's other large powerplant, the Yacyreta Dam (in the border with Argentina), also failed. All of the country's territory was affected by the blackout. == Brazil == Entirely affected states São Paulo Rio de Janeiro Mato Grosso do Sul Espírito Santo Partially affected states Rio Grande do Sul Santa Catarina Paraná Minas Gerais Mato Grosso Goiás Rondônia Acre Bahia Sergipe Alagoas Pernambuco Paraíba Rio Grande do Norte1

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Greater green leafbird<EOT>1

Greater green leafbird

The greater green leafbird (Chloropsis sonnerati) is a species of bird in the Chloropseidae family. It is distinguished from the lesser green leafbird (Chloropsis cyanopogon) by its powerful beak, yellow throat and eye ring of the female; and lack of a yellow border along the black throat patch found in the male c. cyanopogan. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, mainly old-growth forests but also secondary forests and edges. It moves quite conspicuously at the canopy level, jumping between branches and flying from tree to tree. It often visits fruiting fig trees, but also takes insects and small invertebrates. The greater green leafbird has a loud voice, consisting of an ascending whistle chee-zi-chee.1

The greater green leafbird (Chloropsis sonnerati) is a species of bird in the Chloropseidae family. It is distinguished from the lesser green leafbird (Chloropsis cyanopogon) by its powerful beak, yellow throat and eye ring of the female; and lack of a yellow border along the black throat patch found in the male c. cyanopogan. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, mainly old-growth forests but also secondary forests and edges. It moves quite conspicuously at the canopy level, jumping between branches and flying from tree to tree. It often visits fruiting fig trees, but also takes insects and small invertebrates. The greater green leafbird has a loud voice, consisting of an ascending whistle chee-zi-chee.1

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Lexx<EOT>In a first for South Africa, the locally produced and filmed movie For Love and Broken Bones has won the Portland Film Festival’s main award, Best Film . Out of… 1

Lexx

Lexx is a science fiction television series that follows the adventures of a group of mismatched individuals aboard the organic space craft Lexx. They travel through two universes and encounter planets including a parody of the Earth. The series is a Canadian and German co-production, with some additional funding from Britain's Channel 5. The Sci Fi Channel purchased the series from Salter Street Films and began airing versions of Season 2 episodes for United States' audience in January 2000. Lexx was co-produced by Salter Street Films, later absorbed by Alliance Atlantis. In Canada, Lexx aired on the Alliance Atlantis-owned Showcase network. The series was primarily filmed in Halifax (Nova Scotia, Canada) and Berlin (Germany), with additional filming on location in Iceland, Bangkok (Thailand), Namibia and London.

Lexx is a science fiction television series that follows the adventures of a group of mismatched individuals aboard the organic space craft Lexx. They travel through two universes and encounter planets including a parody of the Earth. The series is a Canadian and German co-production, with some additional funding from Britain's Channel 5. The Sci Fi Channel purchased the series from Salter Street Films and began airing versions of Season 2 episodes for United States' audience in January 2000. Lexx was co-produced by Salter Street Films, later absorbed by Alliance Atlantis. In Canada, Lexx aired on the Alliance Atlantis-owned Showcase network. The series was primarily filmed in Halifax (Nova Scotia, Canada) and Berlin (Germany), with additional filming on location in Iceland, Bangkok (Thailand), Namibia and London. == Plot == The main characters of the series are the Lexx and its crew. The crew consists of the captain of the Lexx, Stanley H. Tweedle, the love slave Zev/Xev, the undead former assassin Kai, last of the Brunnen-G, and the love-crazed robot head 790. Together they are looking for a new home. The background conflict of the series is the war between Mankind and the Insect Civilization, in which each side seeks the annihilation of the other. It was foretold to Kai that one day he will destroy the last remnant of the Insect Civilization. The plot unfolds across a time span of over 6,000 years. Kai's death (or undeath) occurs 2,008 years before the beginning of the events of the series. For the first two seasons, each episode is focused on space travel and usually one different planet. Each of the last two seasons has a single location for all episodes. At the beginning of Season 3 the crew spends about 4,000 years in cryostats before arriving at the twin planets of Fire and Water. In Season 4, the Lexx reaches our Earth in the present. == First season == Stan, Zev and Kai accidentally steal the Lexx, the most powerful destructive weapon in the two universes. After successfully fleeing from the Cluster, the main planet of the League of the 20,000 Planets, they are looking for a new home. Kai needs protoblood to live outside of his cryochamber. Looking for protoblood, the Lexx returns to the Cluster to learn that a huge insect survived. This insect had controlled The Divine Order and His Divine Shadow in order to eat all human inhabitants of the 20,000 planets. The insect then begins a metamorphosis into the Gigashadow. Gigashadow produces protoblood. With the help of Zev, Kai manages to fill up his store of protoblood. Kai places the cluster lizard Squish in the brain of the insect and thus is able to destroy it. == Second season == The main conflict of the second season is the fight against Mantrid, the former Bio-Vizier of His Divine Shadow. The crew had inadvertently helped him transfer his mind into a machine in the first episode of the season while accidentally fusing it with a remnant of His Shadow. Mantrid's goal is to transform all matter in the Light Universe into Mantrid Drones. In the meantime the crew keeps getting into difficult situations and is usually rescued by Kai. At the end of the season they destroy Mantrid. Unfortunately, the Light Universe is also destroyed. The crew flees into the Dark Zone. == Third season == The Lexx is running out of food and must fly slowly to conserve energy. 790 computes that it might take thousands of years to reach an inhabited planet. The crew enters cryostasis to survive the voyage. After 4,000 years in cryostasis, they reach the twin planets Fire and Water. The entire third season takes place on these two planets. The crew meets people they knew from the Light Universe. These survivors cannot remember their past in the parallel universe, though their personalities are still the same. Fire is ruled by the charismatic Prince. Water doesn't seem to have a ruler. The inhabitants of both planets live in isolated towns. On Water they live on islands in a huge ocean and on Fire there are big towers separated by desert. Prince wants to win the crew over to his side, especially Xev. He tests their sense of morality through various temptations. The crew members are frequently separated, forcing them to act individually. After jumping from the Lexx to the surface of Water, Kai has trouble functioning normally without the other crew members. On Water, deep beneath its surface, Kai encounters his soul essence, which awaits rebirth. Stanley dies and a trial is held over the destination of his soul. All his bad decisions are weighted against his good deeds and he is sentenced to eternal punishment on Fire. At the end of the season both planets, Fire and Water, are destroyed. Stan's soul is set free, and is able to return into his body, though he cannot remember what happened to him on Fire. The souls of all inhabitants of Fire and Water are also released, then travel to a planet that looks like Earth. == Fourth and final season == The Lexx travels to Earth looking for food. It is located in the very center of the Dark Universe and the crew assumes that it must be a very dangerous place. The crew again meet people they knew from the Light Universe, and from Fire and Water. Only Prince and Priest are able to remember their lives on Fire (though presumably Priest can do this only because Prince allows him to). Kai's soul is stuck because he is undead, and he decides to die to release his soul. To do this, he must regain his mortality. He plays chess with Prince to regain mortality and wins, but remains undead. The Earth is threatened by a being who resembles Lyekka. The crew finds out that the fake "Lyekka" destroyed all human life on her way through the Dark Zone. Kai decides to destroy the asteroid that is the source of the entity. Prince keeps his promise and restores Kai's mortality. Minutes later, Kai finally dies destroying the asteroid, saving all inhabitants of the Dark Zone. 790 destroys the Earth using the senile and dying Lexx. Prince, Priest, and Bunny escape on a rocket filled with Catholic schoolgirls, and Xev and Stan fly off together on the Lexx's offspring, "Little Lexx" to find a new home. == Cast == Brian Downey as Stanley H. Tweedle Lisa Hynes as Zev/Xev Bellringer Eva Habermann as Zev Xenia Seeberg as Xev Michael McManus as Kai Jeffrey Hirschfield as 790/791/769 (voice only) Tom Gallant as The Lexx (voice only) Louise Wischermann as Lyekka Walter Borden as His Divine Shadow Dieter Laser as Mantrid Nigel Bennett as Isambard Prince Ellen Dubin as Giggerota Barry Bostwick as Thodin Anna Cameron as The Time-Prophet Rolf Kanies as Reginald J, Priest Patricia Zentilli as Bunny Jeff Pustil as Fifi Minna Aaltonen as Vlad Walter Borden as Dr. Ernst Longbore Tara Doyle as Tina Stephen McHattie as Moss Ross O'Hennessy as Cedric == Music == The music of the series was written by Marty Simon. The episode "Brigadoom" (2.18) is a musical episode. It describes the destruction of Brunnis-2 and the death of Kai. == Soundtracks == There are two Lexx Series soundtracks, as well as the music from the "Brigadoom" episode. Lexx The Series Original Soundtrack [GNP Crescendo (2001), Colosseum (1997)] Opening Theme-Season 3 790 Quote (From Brizon) Prince to Lexx (From "Fire and Water") All He Wants Is Sex (From "Stan's Trial") Angel Song (From "Nook") A Walk in the Desert (From "Battle") Seduction (From "Love Grows") Wild, Wild Lexx Galley (From "Love Grows") Opening Theme: Season 2-Version 1 Holograms The Search (From "Girltown") Xey's Dream (From "The Web/The Net") Garden (From "Garden") Lexx Hungry Into the Garden (From "Garden") Lyekka/Potato Hoe Gondola Ride (From " May") Mantrid Medley Prince Theme (Season Three Mantrid) Medieval Dance (From "Nook") Girl Awakes/Norb Launch (Form "Lafftrack") The Xev Show (From "Lafftrack") Demented Chase (From "Lafftrack") Yo-A-O/I'm Leaving (From "Terminal") Zev Dies (From "Terminal") Final Scene Opening Theme Season 2-Version 2 Tales From A Parallel Universe [Varese Sarabande (1998)] Cluster Anthem Prisoner Transport Snake Chase Welcome To The Dark Zone Battle Of the Universe Planet Cruise Poet Man Cryochamber Love Muscle Gigashadow March Yo-A-O (Fight Song Of The Brunnen-G) The Lexx Escape Zev's Shower Cleric Theme Kai Collapse Shadows And Prophets Feppo's Party Milk Fed Boys Brunnis Fantasy Dance Moth Ride == Episodes == There are four seasons of Lexx totaling 61 episodes. The first season, debuting in Canada on 18 April 1997, consisted of four two-hour TV movies (sometimes screened as eight one-hour episodes), alternatively titled Tales from a Parallel Universe. However, some episode guides don't list the two-hour movies as a series but list the subsequent seasons as the first through third. The second season consisted of twenty 48-minute episodes, with an overall story arc concerning an evil scientist called Mantrid, who attempts to kill everyone by converting the entire mass of the universe into Mantrid drones; flying, self-replicating right robot arms. The third season comprises 13 episodes in which the Lexx is trapped in orbit around the warring planets Fire and Water, and the crew encounters Prince, the enigmatic and cheerful evil ruler of Fire, who is much like the Devil, though he actually identifies himself as death incarnate at the end of season four. The fictional planet "Fire" is the afterlife for all evil souls, and the location for much of Season three. It shares a tight mutual orbit and an atmosphere with the Planet Water, which is the afterlife for all good souls in the Lexx universe. Both worlds are locked in a perpetual war. The souls on Water and Fire have no memory of how they arrived there; they simply "woke up" there one day. They are incapable of sexual reproduction and there are no children on either planet. When anyone dies on Planet Fire or Planet Water, they go to a spirtual holding cell in which time stands still, giving the illusion that no time has passed no matter how long they have been there. When space opens up they "wake up" again whole and healthy on their respective home planet. Fire is destroyed by the Lexx under the command of Xev at the end of Season three. With Fire gone, Prince cannot reincarnate so he instead chooses to possess the Lexx and destroy Water. When Water and Fire are both destroyed, it is revealed that both planets were actually on the other side of the Sun in our solar system and that all the souls contained on both worlds will be reincarnated on Earth. In the fourth and final season of 24 episodes, the Lexx arrives at Earth in the year 2000, only to find that Prince (now named Isambard Prince and head of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, which more or less runs the United States) and several other old adversaries have also arrived there. Between them, Prince and the Lexx manage to demolish large chunks of the Earth — including Orlando, Florida; Ottawa (a Canadian metonymical in-joke);Tokyo, the Amazon Rainforest, and Holland, which the Lexx eats — before the climactic final episode, televised on 26 April 2002. The Lexx is responsible for the destruction of Fire, Water, Pluto, Mars, Venus, and lastly Earth. Also, Priest, the President of the United States, manages to destroy Cuba, Newfoundland, and Vietnam via thermonuclear bombs. == Releases == == DVD == Region 1 Acorn Media released seasons 2-4 on DVD in single volume collections as well as complete season sets in 2002-2004. These releases have now been discontinued and are out of print. Echo Bridge Home Entertainment has released all 4 seasons on DVD in the US only. On September 3, 2013, Echo Bridge will release Lexx- The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1. The 9-disc set features all 61 episodes of the series. In Canada, Alliance Home Entertainment has released all four seasons on DVD. Region 2 Seasons one to three of Lexx were released on VHS and Region 2 DVD in the UK by Contender Limited, although the Season 3 DVDs were initially exclusive to the MVC Entertainment chain of stores and all volumes have since been deleted. Contender failed to obtain the rights to Season 4, which instead went to Momentum Pictures (a subsidiary of Alliance Atlantis). Momentum Pictures has not yet released any DVDs. MediumRare Entertainment released the complete run of Lexx in a 19-disc boxset in the UK in early 2011. All four seasons were also released on Region 2 DVD in Germany. Unlike the rest of the world (bar Australia), the German DVDs of season 1 do still appear to be in print as of February 2007. However, the episodes of the first season of the German DVD release were cut to receive a 16 and up rating. Region 4 Beyond Home Entertainment released all 4 seasons on DVD in Australia. Season 1 on July 11, 2007, Season 2 on September 12, 2007, Season 3 on October 17, 2007 and Season 4 on January 16, 2008. On May 13, 2009, Beyond Home Entertainment released Lexx- The Complete Series, a 19-disc boxset featuring all 61 episodes of the series in a special collectible tin. On December 1, 2010, Beyond Home Entertainment re-released the 19-Disc set as a boxset rather than the collector's tin released the year previously. == Online == Netflix no longer offers streaming of Lexx in the USA (As of Dec-2013). The versions available in the past were the editions edited for U.S. broadcast. Hulu no longer offers streaming of Lexx episodes due to rights lapsing. Lexx is currently (June 2017) available on Amazon Prime in the USA. == Broadcast history and legacy == The show's seasons had very different tones. While the original TV movies and the second season were mostly science fiction drama with plenty of dark comedy, the "Fire and Water" season took a more serious tone, while the show's final season — set on Earth in the year 2000 — took many turns into pure farce and introduced magic (as in the episode A Midsummer's Nightmare) and other new elements. Lexx was shown originally on CityTV in Canada, then later picked up by Space, Channel 5 in the UK and then the Sci-Fi Channel in the United States. On Sci-Fi, it aired in the same Friday night lineup as Farscape, and the somewhat similar set-up for both shows (with a misfit crew flying through space on a huge, living starship) was often noted by critics, despite Lexx having premiered two years prior to Farscape. Lexx did achieve some mainstream notice (with Xenia Seeberg as "Xev" appearing on the cover of TV Guide, for instance). Lexx was voted 23rd in a poll by SciFiNow magazine in June 2009 in the '25 Greatest Sci-Fi TV Shows' On May 20, 2017 (or before) all seasons began to stream from Amazon, and were available free to Amazon Prime members. == Different versions == There are two versions of Lexx, the European and the American one. One point of difference is in the beginning of the first film: in the American version, there is no scene where Stanley is fooled and captured by Feppo. In the European version, this scene is between the death of Kai and the time when Stanley wakes up on the cluster (2008 years later). Unlike the DVD edition, the German TV release was re-cut to include some flashback scenes at points where they mattered within the story, and not in the chronological order in which they happened. For example, Stanley's capture by the pirates was shown as a flashback in the fourth episode ("Gigashadow") of the miniseries, whereas the DVD version includes it prior to the Cluster scenes early on in the first episode of the show, somewhat out of context.1

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Operation Frankton<EOT>1

Operation Frankton

Operation Frankton was a commando raid on shipping in the German occupied French port of Bordeaux in southwest France during the Second World War. The raid was carried out by a small unit of Royal Marines known as the Royal Marines Boom Patrol Detachment (RMBPD), part of Combined Operations. The plan was for six canoes to be taken to the area of the Gironde estuary by submarine. They would then paddle by night to Bordeaux. On arrival they would attack the docked cargo ships with limpet mines and then escape overland to Spain. Twelve men from no.1 section were selected for the raid; including the commanding officer, Herbert 'Blondie' Hasler, and with the reserve Marine Colley the total of the team numbered thirteen. One canoe was damaged while being deployed from the submarine and it and its crew therefore could not take part in the mission. Only two of the 10 men who launched from the submarine survived the raid: Hasler, and his no.2 in the canoe, Bill Sparks. Of the other eight, six were executed by the Germans while two died from hypothermia. The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill believed the mission shortened the war by six months. The words of Lord Mountbatten, the commander of Combined Operations, are carved into a Purbeck stone at Royal Marines Poole (current headquarters of the SBS): "Of the many brave and dashing raids carried out by the men of Combined Operations Command none was more courageous or imaginative than Operation Frankton".

Operation Frankton was a commando raid on shipping in the German occupied French port of Bordeaux in southwest France during the Second World War. The raid was carried out by a small unit of Royal Marines known as the Royal Marines Boom Patrol Detachment (RMBPD), part of Combined Operations. The plan was for six canoes to be taken to the area of the Gironde estuary by submarine. They would then paddle by night to Bordeaux. On arrival they would attack the docked cargo ships with limpet mines and then escape overland to Spain. Twelve men from no.1 section were selected for the raid; including the commanding officer, Herbert 'Blondie' Hasler, and with the reserve Marine Colley the total of the team numbered thirteen. One canoe was damaged while being deployed from the submarine and it and its crew therefore could not take part in the mission. Only two of the 10 men who launched from the submarine survived the raid: Hasler, and his no.2 in the canoe, Bill Sparks. Of the other eight, six were executed by the Germans while two died from hypothermia. The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill believed the mission shortened the war by six months. The words of Lord Mountbatten, the commander of Combined Operations, are carved into a Purbeck stone at Royal Marines Poole (current headquarters of the SBS): "Of the many brave and dashing raids carried out by the men of Combined Operations Command none was more courageous or imaginative than Operation Frankton". == Background == The Royal Marines Boom Patrol Detachment (RMBPD) was formed on 6 July 1942, and based at Southsea, Portsmouth. The RMBPD was under the command of Royal Marines Major Herbert 'Blondie' Hasler with Captain J. D. Stewart as second in command. The detachment consisted of 34 men and was based at Lumps Fort, and often exercised in the Portsmouth Harbour and patrolled the harbour boom at nights. The Bay of Biscay port of Bordeaux was a major destination for goods to support the German war effort. In the 12 months from June 1941 – 1942 vegetable and animal oils, other raw materials, and 25,000 tons of crude rubber had arrived at the port. Hasler submitted a plan of attack on 21 September 1942. The initial plan called for a force of three canoes to be transported to the Gironde estuary by submarine then paddle by night and hide by day until they reached Bordeaux 60 miles (97 km) from the sea, thus hoping to avoid the 32 mixed Kriegsmarine ships that patrolled or used the port. On arrival they hoped to sink between six and 12 cargo ships then escape overland to Spain. Permission for the raid was granted on 13 October 1942, but Admiral Louis Mountbatten Chief of Combined operations increased the number of canoes to be taken to six. Mountbatten had originally ordered that Hasler could not take part in the raid, because of his experience as the chief canoeing specialist, but changed his mind after Hasler (the only man with experience in small boats) formally submitted his reasons for inclusion. The RMBPD started training for the raid on 20 October 1942, which included canoe handling, submarine rehearsals, limpet mine handling and escape and evasion exercises. The RMBPD practised for the raid with a simulated attack against Deptford, starting from Margate and canoeing up the Swale. Mark II canoes, which were given the codename of Cockle, were selected for the raid. The Mark II was a semi rigid two-man canoe, with the sides made of canvas, a flat bottom, and 15 feet (4.6 m) in length. When collapsed it had to be capable of negotiating the narrow confines of the submarine to the storage area then, before it was ready to be taken on deck, erected and stored ready to be hauled out via the submarine torpedo hatch. During the raid each canoe's load would be two men, eight limpet mines, three sets of paddles, a compass, a depth sounding reel, repair bag, torch, camouflage net, waterproof watch, fishing line, two hand grenades, rations and water for six days, a spanner to activate the mines and a magnet to hold the canoe against the side of cargo ships. The total safe load for the 'Cockle' Mark 2 was 480lbs. The men also carried a .45 ACP pistol and a Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife. The men selected to go on the raid were divided into two divisions, each having their own targets. A Division Hasler and Marine Bill Sparks in canoe Catfish. Corporal Albert Laver and Marine William Mills in canoe Crayfish. Corporal George Sheard and Marine David Moffatt in canoe Conger. B Division Lieutenant John Mackinnon and Marine James Conway in canoe Cuttlefish. Sergeant Samual Wallace and Marine Robert Ewart in canoe Coalfish. Marine W. A. Ellery and Marine E. Fisher in canoe Cachalot. A thirteenth man was taken as a reserve, Marine Norman Colley. == Mission == On 30 November 1942 the Royal Navy submarine HMS Tuna (N94) sailed from Holy Loch in Scotland with the six canoes and raiders on board. The submarine was supposed to reach the Gironde estuary and the mission was scheduled to start on 6 December 1942. This was delayed because of bad weather en route and the need to negotiate a minefield. By 7 December 1942 the submarine had reached the Gironde estuary and surfaced some 10 miles (16 km) from the mouth of the estuary. Canoe Cachalot's hull was damaged while being passed out of the submarine hatch, leaving just five canoes to start the raid. The reserve member of the team, Colley, was not needed, so he remained aboard the submarine with the Cachalot crew Ellery and Fisher. According to Tuna's log the five remaining canoes were disembarked at 1930 hours on 7 December. However sources differ on the start time between 1936 and 2022. The plan was for the crews to paddle and rest for five minutes in every hour. The first night, 7/8 December, fighting against strong cross tides and cross winds, canoe Coalfish had disappeared. Further on the surviving crews encountered 5 feet (1.5 m) high waves and canoe Conger capsized and was lost. The crew consisting of Sheard and Moffatt held on to two of the remaining canoes, which carried them as close to the shore as possible, and had to swim ashore. Carrying on with the raid, the canoes approached a major checkpoint in the river and came upon three German frigates. Lying flat on the canoes and paddling silently they managed to get by without being discovered but became separated from Mackinnon and Conway in canoe Cuttlefish. On the first night the three remaining canoes, Catfish, Crayfish and Coalfish, covered 20 miles (32 km) in five hours and landed near St Vivien du Medoc. While they were hiding during the day and unknown to the others, Wallace and Ewart in Coalfish had been captured at daybreak near the Pointe de Grave lighthouse where they had come ashore. By the end of the second night, 8/9 December, the two remaining canoes Catfish and Crayfish had paddled a further 22 miles (35 km) in six hours. The third night, 9/10 December, they paddled 15 miles (24 km) and on the fourth night, 10/11 December, because of the strong ebb tide they only managed to cover 9 miles (14 km). The original plan had called for the raid to be carried out on 10 December, but Hasler now changed the plan. Because of the strength of the ebb tide they still had a short distance to paddle, so Hasler ordered they hide for another day and set off to and reach Bordeaux on the night of 11/12 December. After a night's rest, the men spent the day preparing their equipment and limpet mines which were set to detonate at 21:00 hours. Hasler decided that Catfish would cover the western side of the docks and Crayfish the eastern side. == Bordeaux == The two remaining canoes, Catfish and Crayfish, reached Bordeaux on the fifth night, 11/12 December; the river was flat calm and there was a clear sky. The attack started at 21:00 hours 11 December, Hasler and Sparks in Catfish attacking shipping on the western side of the dock, placed eight limpet mines on four vessels including a Sperrbrecher patrol boat. A sentry on the deck of the Sperrbrecher, apparently spotting something, shone his torch down toward the water, but the camouflaged canoe evaded detection in the darkness. They had planted all their mines and left the harbour with the ebb tide at 00:45 hours. At the same time Laver and Mills in Crayfish had reached the eastern side of the dock without finding any targets, so returned to deal with the ships docked at Bassens. They placed eight limpet mines on two vessels, five on a large cargo ship and three on a small liner. On their way downriver the two canoes met by chance on the Isle de Caseau. They continued down river together until 06:00 hours when they beached their canoes near St Genes de Blaye and tried to hide them by sinking them. The two crews then set out separately, on foot, for the Spanish border. After two days Laver and Mills were apprehended at Montlieu-la-Garde by the Gendarmerie and handed over to the Germans. Hasler and Sparks arrived at the French town of Ruffec, 100 miles (160 km) from where they had beached their canoe, on 18 December 1942. They made contact with someone from the French Resistance at the Hotel de la Toque Blanche and were then taken to a local farm. They spent the next 18 days there in hiding. They were then guided across the Pyrenees into Spain. It was not until 23 February 1943 that Combined Operations Headquarters heard via a secret message sent by Mary Lindell to the War Office, that Hasler and Sparks were safe. On 2 April 1943 Hasler arrived back in Britain by air from Gibraltar, having passed through the French Resistance escape organisation. Sparks was sent back by sea and arrived much later. == Aftermath == On 10 December the Germans announced that a sabotage squad had been caught on 8 December near the mouth of the Gironde and "finished off in combat". It was not until January 1943 in the absence of other information all 10 men on the raid were posted missing, until news arrived of two of them. Later it was confirmed that five ships had been damaged in Bordeaux by mysterious explosions. This information remained until new research of 2010 revealed that a sixth ship had been damaged even more extensively than any of the other five reported. This research also revealed that the other five ships holed were back in service very shortly afterwards. For their part in the raid Hasler was awarded a Distinguished Service Order and Sparks the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM). Laver and Mills were also recommended for the DSM which at the time could not be awarded posthumously, so instead they were mentioned in despatches. Of the men who never returned, Wallace and Ewart were captured on 8 December at the Pointe de Grave (near Le Verdon) and revealed only certain information during their interrogation, and were executed under the Commando Order, on the night 11 December, in a sandpit in a wood north of Bordeaux and not at Chateau Magnol, Blanquefort. A plaque has been erected on the bullet marked wall at the Chateau, but the authenticity of the details on the plaque has been questioned; indeed given the evidence of a statement by a German officer who was at the execution there can be no doubt that the chateau has no link with Wallace and Ewart. A small memorial can also be seen at the Pointe de Grave, where they were captured. In March 2011 a €100,000 memorial was unveiled at this same spot. After the Royal Marines were executed by a naval firing squad, the Commander of the Navy Admiral Erich Raeder wrote in the Seekriegsleitung war diary that the executions of the captured Royal Marines were something "new in international law, since the soldiers were wearing uniforms". The American historian Charles Thomas wrote that Raeder's remarks about the executions in the Seekriegsleitung war diary seemed to be some sort of ironic comment, which might have reflected a bad conscience on the part of Raeder. After having been set ashore, MacKinnon and Conway managed to evade capture for four days, but they were betrayed and arrested by the Gendarmerie and handed over to the Germans at La Reole hospital 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Bordeaux, attempting to make their way to the Spanish border. Mackinnon had been admitted to the hospital for treatment for an infected knee. The exact date of their execution is not known. Evidence shows that Mackinnon, Laver, Mills and Conway were not executed in Paris in 1942 but possibly in the same location as Wallace and Ewart under the Commando Order. Sheard and Moffatt were not drowned on the first night but died of hypothermia. The body of Moffatt was found on the Île de Ré on 14 December but Sheard's body is believed to have been recovered and buried elsewhere further up the coastline. Sheard is remembered on the Hero's Stone at his place of birth, North Corner, Devonport. Mackinnon is commemorated on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial (Panel 93) Laver (Panel 102 Column 3), Sheard (Panel 74 Column 3 ), Mills (Panel 103 Column 1), Conway (Panel 102 Column 3), Wallace (Panel 102 Column 2), Moffatt (Panel 103 Column 1) and Ewart (Panel 103 Column 1) are commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial In 1955 a fictionalised version of the story was told in the film The Cockleshell Heroes made by Warwick Films, and starring Anthony Newley, Trevor Howard, David Lodge and Jose Ferrer who was also the director. This 1955 film was quickly followed by the publication of Brigadier C. E. Lucas Phillips book of the same name. 'Blondie' Hasler had connections with both the film and the book. He hated the title of both and walked away from his role as technical adviser for the former to try and set the matter right in the latter. In June 2002, the Frankton Trail was opened, a walking path which traces the 100 miles (160 km) route taken through occupied France, on foot, by Hasler and Sparks. The Frankton Souvenir is an Anglo-French organisation, set up to keep alive the story of the raid. It plans to develop the trail, and install explanatory plaques at key points. On 31 March 2011 a memorial to the Cockleshell Heroes and three French individuals was dedicated. Made from Portland Stone it was transported across care of Brittany Ferries. The memorial cost about £80,000. On 1 November 2011, a BBC Timewatch television documentary called "The Most Courageous Raid of WWII" was narrated by Paddy Ashdown, a former SBS officer. Ashdown describes as "a Whitehall cock-up of major proportions" the fact that there was a duplicate and simultaneous mission to sink the ships in Bordeaux, led by Claude de Baissac of Special Operations Executive, which Hasler's team and Combined Operations knew nothing about because of SOE's policy of secrecy even from other parts of the British Forces; de Baissac was preparing to take explosives onto the ships when he heard the explosions of Hasler's limpet mines. The loss of the opportunity for Hasler and de Baissac to work together to strike an even harder blow against the Germans in a combined operation led to the setting up of a Controlling Officer at Whitehall, responsible for avoiding inter-departmental rivalry, duplication or even conflict. It is believed that the only surviving Mk II  from Operation Frankton, canoe Cachalot, together with other original equipment can be seen at The Combined Military Services Museum, Station Road, Maldon, Essex, CM9 4LQ.1

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Mtskheta<EOT>1

Mtskheta

Mtskheta (Georgian: მცხეთა [mtsʰxɛtʰɑ]) is a city in Mtskheta-Mtianeti province of Georgia. One of the oldest cities of Georgia, it is located approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of Tbilisi at the confluence of the Aragvi river. Due to its historical significance and several cultural monuments, the "Historical Monuments of Mtskheta" became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. As the birthplace and one of the most vibrant centers of Christianity in Georgia, Mtskheta was declared as the "Holy City" by the Georgian Orthodox Church in 2014.

Mtskheta (Georgian: მცხეთა [mtsʰxɛtʰɑ]) is a city in Mtskheta-Mtianeti province of Georgia. One of the oldest cities of Georgia, it is located approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of Tbilisi at the confluence of the Aragvi river. Due to its historical significance and several cultural monuments, the "Historical Monuments of Mtskheta" became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. As the birthplace and one of the most vibrant centers of Christianity in Georgia, Mtskheta was declared as the "Holy City" by the Georgian Orthodox Church in 2014. == History == Mtskheta was founded in the 5th century BC. It was capital of the early Georgian Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD. It was a site of early Christian activity, and the location where Christianity was proclaimed the state religion of Kartli in 337. It remains the headquarters of the Georgian Orthodox Church. King Dachi I Ujarmeli (early 6th century AD), who was the successor of Vakhtang I Gorgasali, moved the capital from Mtskheta to the more easily defensible Tbilisi according to the will left by his father. However, Mtskheta continued to serve as the coronation and burial place for most kings of Georgia until the end of the kingdom in the 19th century. The old city lies at the confluence of the rivers Mtkvari and Aragvi. The rare blend of cultural values had ruled in this part of the world since the Bronze Age until prosperous Christian era over the unique eclectic lifestyle creating the mood of the town which is as old as the history of Georgia. Mtskheta is the most religious city of Georgia as it has been the shrine of pagan idols since times immemorial and it is where Christianity in Georgia takes its origin. In recognition of its role in the Georgian Christian history, Mtskheta was granted the status of a "Holy City" by Catholicos-Patriarch Ilia II of Georgia in accordance of the written testament of his 11th-century predecessor Melchizedek I of Georgia. == Monuments == Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (11th century) and Jvari Monastery (6th century) in Mtskheta are amongst the most significant monuments of Georgian Christian architecture, and are historically significant in the development of medieval architecture throughout the Caucasus. Of special significance are early inscriptions, which form a valuable reference in the study of the origins of the early Georgian alphabet. In the outskirts of Mtskheta are the ruins of Armaztsikhe fortress (3rd century BC), the Armaztsikhe acropolis (dating to the late 1st century BC), remains of a "Pompey's bridge" (according to legends built by Roman legionnaires of Pompey the Great in 1st century BC), the fragmentary remains of a royal palace (1st–3rd century AD), a nearby tomb of the 1st century AD, a small church of the 4th century, the Samtavro Monastery (11th century), and the fortress of Bebris Tsikhe (14th century). The Institute of Archaeology, and the garden of Mikheil Mamulashvili are also worthy of note. There is also a monument to sculptor Elena Machabell. == Threats == The Historical Monuments of Mtskheta were recently placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger, citing "serious deterioration of the stonework and frescoes" as the main threat to the site's long-term preservation. == International relations == Mtskheta is twinned with: Leuville-sur-Orge, France (2001) Argos, Greece (1991)1

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Malapropism<EOT>"MALAPROPISM." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. . Encyclopedia.com. 20 Sep. 2017 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "MALAPROPISM." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. . Encyclopedia.com. (September 20, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/malapropism "MALAPROPISM." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. . Retrieved September 20, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/malapropism "malapropism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. . Encyclopedia.com. 20 Sep. 2017 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "malapropism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. . Encyclopedia.com. (September 20, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/malapropism "malapropism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. . Retrieved September 20, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/malapropism 1

Malapropism

A malapropism (also called a malaprop or Dogberryism) is the use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, sometimes humorous utterance. An example is the statement by baseball player Yogi Berra, "Texas has a lot of electrical votes", rather than "electoral votes". Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech and are sometimes the subject of media attention, especially when made by politicians or other prominent individuals. Philosopher Donald Davidson has noted that malapropisms show the complex process through which the brain translates thoughts into language.

A malapropism (also called a malaprop or Dogberryism) is the use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, sometimes humorous utterance. An example is the statement by baseball player Yogi Berra, "Texas has a lot of electrical votes", rather than "electoral votes". Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech and are sometimes the subject of media attention, especially when made by politicians or other prominent individuals. Philosopher Donald Davidson has noted that malapropisms show the complex process through which the brain translates thoughts into language. == Etymology == The word "malapropism" (and its earlier variant "malaprop") comes from a character named "Mrs. Malaprop" in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's 1775 play The Rivals. Mrs. Malaprop frequently misspeaks (to comic effect) by using words which don't have the meaning that she intends but which sound similar to words that do. Sheridan presumably chose her name in humorous reference to the word malapropos, an adjective or adverb meaning "inappropriate" or "inappropriately", derived from the French phrase mal à propos (literally "poorly placed"). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of "malapropos" in English is from 1630, and the first person known to have used the word "malaprop" in the sense of "a speech error" is Lord Byron in 1814. The synonymous term "Dogberryism" comes from the 1598 Shakespeare play Much Ado About Nothing in which the character Dogberry utters many malapropisms to humorous effect. Though Shakespeare was an earlier writer than Sheridan, "malaprop/malapropism" seems an earlier coinage than "Dogberryism", which is not attested until 1836. == Distinguishing features == An instance of speech error is called a malapropism when a word is produced which is nonsensical or ludicrous in context, yet similar in sound to what was intended. Definitions differ somewhat in terms of the cause of the error. Some scholars include only errors that result from a temporary failure to produce the word which the speaker intended. Such errors are sometimes called "Fay-Cutler malapropism", after David Fay and Anne Cutler, who described the occurrence of such errors in ordinary speech. Most definitions, however, include any actual word that is wrongly or accidentally used in place of a similar sounding, correct word. This broader definition is sometimes called "classical malapropism", or simply "malapropism". Malapropisms differ from other kinds of speaking or writing mistakes, such as eggcorns or spoonerisms, and from the accidental or deliberate production of newly made-up words (neologisms). For example, it is not a malapropism to use obtuse [wide or dull] instead of acute [narrow or sharp]; it is a malapropism to use obtuse [stupid or slow-witted] when one means abstruse [esoteric or difficult to understand]. Malapropisms tend to maintain the part of speech of the originally intended word. According to linguist Jean Aitchison, "The finding that word selection errors preserve their part of speech suggest that the latter is an integral part of the word, and tightly attached to it." Likewise, substitutions tend to have the same number of syllables and the same metrical structure – the same pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables – as the intended word or phrase. If the stress pattern of the malapropism differs from the intended word, unstressed syllables may be deleted or inserted; stressed syllables and the general rhythmic pattern are maintained. == Examples from fiction == The fictional Mrs. Malaprop in Sheridan's play The Rivals utters many malapropisms. In Act 3 Scene III, she declares to Captain Absolute, "Sure, if I reprehend any thing in this world it is the use of my oracular tongue, and a nice derangement of epitaphs!" This nonsensical utterance might, for example, be corrected to, "If I apprehend anything in this world, it is the use of my vernacular tongue, and a nice arrangement of epithets", —although these are not the only words that can be substituted to produce an appropriately expressed thought in this context, and commentators have proposed other possible replacements that work just as well. Other malapropisms spoken by Mrs. Malaprop include "illiterate him quite from your memory" (instead of "obliterate"), and "she's as headstrong as an allegory" (instead of alligator). Malapropisms appeared in many works before Sheridan created the character of Mrs. Malaprop. William Shakespeare used them in a number of his plays, almost invariably spoken by comic ill-educated lower class characters. Mistress Quickly, the inn-keeper associate of Falstaff in several Shakespeare plays, is a regular user of malapropisms. In Much Ado About Nothing, Constable Dogberry tells Governor Leonato, "Our watch, sir, have indeed comprehended two auspicious persons" (i.e., apprehended two suspicious persons) (Act 3, Scene V). Modern writers make use of malapropisms in novels, cartoons, films, television, and other media. Malapropism was one of Stan Laurel's comic mannerisms. In Sons Of The Desert, for example, he says that Oliver Hardy is suffering a nervous "shakedown" (rather than "breakdown"), and calls the Exalted Ruler of their group the "exhausted ruler"; in The Music Box, he inadvertently asked a policeman, "Don't you think you're bounding over your steps?" meaning "stepping over your bounds" – which Hardy corrected, causing the cop to get more angry at him. British comedian Ronnie Barker also made great use of deliberate malapropisms in his comedy, notably in such sketches as his "Appeal on behalf of the Loyal Society for the Relief of Suffers from Pismronunciation", which mixed malapropisms and garbled words for comic effect – including news of a speech which "gave us a few well-frozen worms (i.e., well-chosen words) in praise of the society." Archie Bunker, a character in the American TV sitcom All in the Family, is also known for malapropisms. He calls Orthodox Jews "off-the-docks Jews" and refers to "the Women's Lubrication Movement" (rather than Liberation). == Real-life examples == Malapropisms do not occur only as comedic literary devices. They also occur as a kind of speech error in ordinary speech. Examples are often quoted in the media. Welsh Conservative leader Andrew Davies, encouraged the Conservative party conference to make breakfast (i.e. Brexit) a success. Bertie Ahern, former Taoiseach of Ireland, warned his country against "upsetting the apple tart" (i.e., apple cart) of his country's economic success. Former Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley referred to a tandem bicycle as a "tantrum bicycle" and made mention of "Alcoholics Unanimous" (Alcoholics Anonymous). Australian politician Tony Abbott once claimed that no one "is the suppository of all wisdom" (i.e., repository or depository). Similarly, as reported in New Scientist, an office worker had described a colleague as "a vast suppository of information". The worker then apologised for his "Miss-Marple-ism" (i.e. malapropism). New Scientist noted this as possibly the first time anyone had uttered a malapropism for the word malapropism itself. Texas governor Rick Perry has been known to commonly commit malapropisms, for example describing states as "lavatories of innovation and democracy" instead of "laboratories". == Philosophical implications == In his essay "A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs", philosopher Donald Davidson suggests that malapropisms reveal something about how people process the meanings of words. He argues that language competence must not simply involve learning a set meaning for each word, and then rigidly applying those semantic rules to decode other people's utterances. Rather, he says, people must also be continually making use of other contextual information to interpret the meaning of utterances, and then modifying their understanding of each word's meaning based on those interpretations.1

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Proteorhodopsin<EOT>Schematic phylogenetic tree illustrating the relatedness of Proteorhodopsin to other opsins found in Archaea and Eukarya. Based on figures from Mongodin et al. and McCarren and DeLong . 1

Proteorhodopsin

Proteorhodopsin (also known as pRhodopsin) is a family of over 50 photoactive retinylidene proteins, a larger family of transmembrane proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light-mediated functionality, in this case, a proton pump. Some homologues exist as pentamers or hexamers. pRhodopsin is found in marine planktonic bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes (protae), but was first discovered in bacteria. Its name is derived from proteobacteria that are named after Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Proteus), an early sea god mentioned by Homer as "Old Man of the Sea", Ῥόδος (rhódon) for "rose", due to its pinkish color, and ὄψις (opsis) for "sight". Some members of the family, Homologous rhodopsin-like pigments, i.e. bacteriorhodopsin (of which there are more than 800 types) have Sensory Functions like opsins, integral for visual phototransduction. Many of these sensory functions are unknown – for example, the function of Neuropsin in the human retina. Members are known to have different absorption spectra including green and blue visible light.

Proteorhodopsin (also known as pRhodopsin) is a family of over 50 photoactive retinylidene proteins, a larger family of transmembrane proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light-mediated functionality, in this case, a proton pump. Some homologues exist as pentamers or hexamers. pRhodopsin is found in marine planktonic bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes (protae), but was first discovered in bacteria. Its name is derived from proteobacteria that are named after Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Proteus), an early sea god mentioned by Homer as "Old Man of the Sea", Ῥόδος (rhódon) for "rose", due to its pinkish color, and ὄψις (opsis) for "sight". Some members of the family, Homologous rhodopsin-like pigments, i.e. bacteriorhodopsin (of which there are more than 800 types) have Sensory Functions like opsins, integral for visual phototransduction. Many of these sensory functions are unknown – for example, the function of Neuropsin in the human retina. Members are known to have different absorption spectra including green and blue visible light. == Discovery == Proteorhodopsin (PR or pRhodopsin) was first discovered in 2000 within a bacterial artificial chromosome from previously uncultivated marine γ-proteobacteria, still only referred to by their ribotype metagenomic data, SAR86. The research was a cooperative effort between four parties: Oded Beja, Marcelino T. Suzuki, and Edward F. DeLong at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Mosslanding, CA), L. Aravind and Eugene V Koonin at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (Bethesda, MD), Andrew Hadd, Linh P. Nguyen, Stevan B. Jovanovich, Christian M. Gates, and Rober A Feldman at Molecular Dynamics (Sunnyvale, CA), and finally John and Elena Spudich at the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. More species of γ-proteobacteria, both Gram positive and negative, were found to express the protein. == Distribution == Samples of proteorhodopsin expressing bacteria have been obtained from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, Central North Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean, Antarctica. Subsequently, genes of proteorhodopsin variants have been identified in samples from the Mediterranean, Red Seas, the Sargasso Sea, and Sea of Japan, and the North Sea. Proteorhodopsin variants are not spread randomly, but disperse along depth gradients based on the maximal absorption-tuning of the particular holoprotein sequence; this is mainly due to the electromagnetic absorption by water which creates wavelength gradients relative to depth. Oxyrrhis marina is a Dinoflagellate protist with green-absorbing proteorhodopsin (a result of the L109 Group) that exists mostly in shallow tide pools and shores, where green light is still available. Karlodinium micrum, another dinolagelate, expresses a blue tuned proteorhodopsin (E109) which may be related to its deep water vertical migrations. O.Marina was originally believed to be a heterotroph, however the proteorhodopsin may well partake in a functionally significant manner, as it was the most abundantly expressed nuclear gene and, furthermore, is dispersed unevenly in the organism, suggesting some organelle membrane function. Previously the only eukaryotic solar energy transducing proteins were Photosystem I and Photosystem II. It has been hypothesized that lateral gene transfer is the method by which proteorhodopsin has made its way into numerous phyla. Bacteria, archea and eukarya all colonize the photic zone where they come to light; Proteorhodopsin has been able to disseminate through this zone, but not to other portions of the water column. == Taxonomy == Proteorhodopsin belongs to a family of similar retinylidene proteins, most similar to its archeal homologes halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin. Sensory Rhodopsin was discovered by Franz Christian Boll in 1876. Bacteriorhodopsin was discovered in 1971 and named in 1973 and is currently only known to exist in the archea domain, not bacteria. Halorhodopsin was first discovered and named in 1977. Bacteriorhodopsin and Halorhodopsin both only exist in the Archea domain whereas proteorhodopsin spans bacteria, archea, and eukaryotes. Proteorhodopsin shares seven transmembrane α-helicies retinal covalently linked by a Schiff base mechanism to a lysine residue in the seventh helix (helix G). Bacteriorhodopsin, like proteorhodopsin, is a light-driven proton pump. Sensory Rhodopsin is a G-coupled protein involved in sight. == Active site == In comparison with its better-known archaeal homolog bacteriorhodopsin, most of the active site residues of known importance to the bacteriorhodopsin mechanism are conserved in proteorhodopsin. Sequence similarity is not significantly conserved however, from either halo- or bacterio- rhodopsin. Homologues of the active site residues Arg82, Asp85 (the primary proton acceptor), Asp212 and Lys216 (the retinal Schiff base binding site) in bacteriorhodopsin are conserved as Arg94, Asp97, Asp227 and Lys231 in proteorhodopsin. However, in proteorhodopsin, there are no carboxylic acid residues directly homologous to Glu194 or Glu204 of bacteriorhodopsin (or Glu 108 and 204 depending on the bacRhodopsin variant), which are thought to be involved in the proton release pathway at the extracellular surface. However, Asp97 and Arg94 may replace this functionality without the close residue proximity as in bacteriorhodopsin. The department of chemistry at Syracuse University decisevely showed Asp97 cannot be the proton release group as the release happened at forcing conditions under which the aspartic acid group remained protonated. == Ligand == The Rhodopsin haloprotein family shares the ligand Retinal, Vitamin A Aldehyde, one of the many types of Vitamin A. Retinal is a conjugated poly-unsaturatedchromophore (polyene), obtained from carnivorous diet or by the carotene pathway (β-carotene 15,15'-monoxygenase). == Function == Proteorhodopsin functions throughout the Earth's oceans as a light-driven H+ pump, by a mechanism similar to that of bacteriorhodopsin. As in bacteriorhodopsin, the retinal chromophore of proteorhodopsin is covalently bound to the apoprotein via a protonated Schiff base at Lys231. The configuration of the retinal chromophore in unphotolyzed proteorhodopsin is predominantly all-trans , and isomerizes to 13-cis upon illumination with light. Several models of the complete proteorhodopsin photocycle have been proposed, based on FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy; they resemble established photocycle models for bacteriorhodopsin. Complete proteorhodopsin based photosystems have been discovered and expressed in E. coli, giving them additional light mediated energy gradient capability for ATP generation without external need for retinal or precursors; with the PR, gene five other proteins code for the photopigment biosynthetic pathyway. == Genetic engineering == If the gene for proteorhodopsin is inserted into E. coli and retinal is given to these modified bacteria, then they will incorporate the pigment into their cell membrane and will pump H+ in the presence of light. A deep purple is representative of clearly transformed colonies, due to light absorption. Proton gradients can be used to power other membrane protein structures or used to acidify a vesicle type organelle. It was further demonstrated that the proton gradient generated by proteorhodopsin could be used to generate ATP. == Gallery == 1

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Cecil T. Patterson<EOT>1

Cecil T. Patterson

Cecil T. Patterson (June 22, 1930 – October 27, 2002), among America’s earliest karateka, introduced the Wadō-ryū style of karate into the Eastern United States in 1958. Before his death in 2002, he had firmly established the United States Eastern Wadō-ryū Federation, previously known as the United States Eastern Wado-Kai Federation, a successful Karate organization 20 thousand strong, according to Patterson’s statement in an interview. Born in 1930 in Sevierville, Tennessee, Patterson first enlisted in the US Navy at the age of fourteen. While stationed in Iwakuni, Japan, Patterson, then 25 years of age, undertook the study of Karate. According to the USEWF website, Patterson started Wado in 1955 under Kazuo Sakura; more specifically, he started training in August 1955. In 1957, Patterson opened the first karate school in Tennessee, and in 1963 organized the first karate tournament in the state. In 1978 Tennessee governor Ray Blanton signed into law a state senate resolution naming Patterson the father of karate in Tennessee.

Cecil T. Patterson (June 22, 1930 – October 27, 2002), among America’s earliest karateka, introduced the Wadō-ryū style of karate into the Eastern United States in 1958. Before his death in 2002, he had firmly established the United States Eastern Wadō-ryū Federation, previously known as the United States Eastern Wado-Kai Federation, a successful Karate organization 20 thousand strong, according to Patterson’s statement in an interview. Born in 1930 in Sevierville, Tennessee, Patterson first enlisted in the US Navy at the age of fourteen. While stationed in Iwakuni, Japan, Patterson, then 25 years of age, undertook the study of Karate. According to the USEWF website, Patterson started Wado in 1955 under Kazuo Sakura; more specifically, he started training in August 1955. In 1957, Patterson opened the first karate school in Tennessee, and in 1963 organized the first karate tournament in the state. In 1978 Tennessee governor Ray Blanton signed into law a state senate resolution naming Patterson the father of karate in Tennessee. == Dan Rankings == Patterson was the earliest non Japanese to receive dan ranking in Wado. The official USEWF website states that he received sho-dan in the year following his return from Japan when he was granted permission to teach Wado: “…in 1958, concurrent with his promotion to the rank of Sho Dan (1st Degree Black Belt) he received permission to teach the art of Wado Ryu selectively.” However, the USEWF website also maintains that he received his ni-dan before his discharge from the Navy: “Mr. Patterson’s devotion and hard worked [sic] earned him the rank of ni-dan (second-degree black belt) within two years, before his tour of duty ended and Patterson was shipped back home.” Patterson himself does not indicate the date in which he first received dan grading until it mentions his san-dan. Patterson received instruction from many legendary masters in the martial arts. Without the direct supervision and assistance of an instructor but through telephone calls with Sakura in Japan, Patterson refined his skill over the next nine years. Mahanes indicates that “…it became increasingly difficult to stay true to the style have [sic] virtually no Wado senseis in the United States to guide his progress.” Necessarily training on his own in Wado Ryu, Patterson climbed from either a brown belt or ni-dan to much higher ranks. Within four years of his beginning training in Wado, he had attained the rank of san-dan in 1959. In 1964, Patterson attained the rank of yon-dan. Both his book and the USEWF site fails to mention who promoted Patterson to any of his early dan grades or if and where he took his exams until his go-dan promotion in 1968; thirteen years after he began the study of Karate, in 1968, Ohtsuka Sensei, recognizing the singular merit and abilities of Mr. Patterson, promoted him to go-dan. By the time of his 1976 publication of his yellow belt book, Patterson had attained the rank of roku-dan. Significantly, by the time of the publication of his go-kyu book in 1979, he had advanced to the rank of hachi-dan. In short, from the time he began training in 1955 to 1979, a total of 24 years, Patterson advanced from a beginner to the highest ranked non-Japanese in traditional Wado Karate. == Establishment of the United States Eastern Wado-Ryu Federation == Patterson was one of twelve sanctioned teachers to have studied under Hironori Otsuka. In 1968, Otsuka charged Patterson with the establishment of the United State Eastern Wado Federation, which to date has burgeoned into a successful system that mandatorily requires membership of all participants who train with an USEWF dojo; regulates the promotions of students from white belt through the highest levels of dan grades; regulates the curriculum of authentic Wado-Ryu in the United States; maintains a network of affiliated instructors and dojos; maintains an extensive website; and provides a sport karate competition in the Cecil T Patterson memorial tournament, held annually in March. One of the hallmarks of the USEWF has been its continued close affiliation with Otsuka the elder and then the younger Otsuka the son. == Legacy == Patterson’s legacy continues in the thousands of students he has instructed in the USEWF. Some of the more notable students have been Charles Parrish, Florida; Tom Stevenson, Alabama; David Deaton, Tennessee; Wayne Tyler, Tennessee; Jean Ellen Zimmermann, Tennessee; Micheal H. Vanatta Sr., Tennessee; Bill Taylor, Tennessee; Bill Herzer, Tennessee and Taylor K. Hayden,Tennessee. Until his death in 2002 he continued to train a special group of black belts weekly called Shihan Deishi. This group consisted of the following; Jimmy Edwards; Mike Vanatta Sr.; Steven O'Riley; and Buck Ford. The continued success of the USEWF stands as testament to Patterson’s effectiveness as an organizer and an administrator. The USEWF has been atypical of karate organizations, which commonly fracture and splinter into smaller groups at the death of their founder. With a relatively small number of defections in the immediate years following Patterson’s passing, his son, John, 7th Degree in Wado-Ryu, inherited an effectively intact USEWF. At last count, the USEWF boasts a membership of well over 17 thousand. In conjunction with establishing Wado and organizing the USEWF, Mr. Patterson has authored a number of books revolving around the topic of Wado-Ryu or police defensive tactics. == Conclusion == By the 1980s, Patterson had attained the rank of hachidan (8th degree). While reluctant to accept the title of master, Patterson was a master equal in stature to American karate pioneers Robert Trias and Ed Parker. In his later years, he took to wearing a white belt rather than the traditional black belt, which demonstrated his humility and modest reluctance to accept the acclaim from others. Until his death, Patterson diligently propagated traditional Wado-Ryu Karate in the Eastern United States. In his book, Robin Reilly briefly identifies those traditional Karate organization in the U.S. and indicates that Patterson was most responsible for traditional Wado Ryu Karate in the Eastern US while his Master Ajari was responsible for the propagation of traditional Wado in the Western US.1

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King Kunta<EOT>1

King Kunta

"King Kunta" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar, taken from his third album, To Pimp a Butterfly (2015). It was released as the album's third single on March 9, 2015.

"King Kunta" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar, taken from his third album, To Pimp a Butterfly (2015). It was released as the album's third single on March 9, 2015. == Writing and composition == "King Kunta" is a reference to the archetypal rebellious slave Kunta Kinte, the basis of the main character from the Alex Haley novel, Roots: The Saga of an American Family. The song also contains references to Chinua Achebe's novel Things Fall Apart. The song contains an interpolation of "Get Nekkid" (2000), written by Johnny Burns and performed by Mausberg; resung lyrics from "Smooth Criminal" (1987), written and performed by Michael Jackson; elements of the 1974 James Brown song "The Payback", written by Brown, Fred Wesley, and John Starks; and a sample from the 1994 song "We Want the Funk", written and performed by Ahmad Lewis. Background vocals are provided by Whitney Alford. == Critical reception == "King Kunta" was placed at number seven on Rolling Stone's "50 Best Songs of 2015" list, with the editors commenting, "The fiercest and most funkadelic track on To Pimp a Butterfly takes aim at everything from Lamar's haters to "the power that be." We already knew Kendrick was a great lyricist; turns out he's kind of a badass, too." Additionally, Pitchfork ranked the song at number four on its "The 100 Best Tracks of 2015" list. Village Voice named "King Kunta" the second-best single released in 2015 on their annual year-end critics' poll, Pazz & Jop. It came in 2nd on the annual Triple J Hottest 100 for 2015. == Music video == The song's music video was filmed in Compton, California. Lamar stated in an interview with New York City radio station Hot 97 that the majority of the people in the video are friends of his who still reside in Compton. The video was directed by Director X, who explained to Complex that the visual to "King Kunta" was originally inspired by "Still D.R.E.", a classic in the West Coast video canon. "King Kunta" also borrows ideas from 2Pac and Dr. Dre's "California Love" video. In the beginning of "California Love", 'Pac goes to the Compton Swap Meet to look for some clothes to wear to the party later that night. In "King Kunta", Lamar gets on top of the Swap Meet and raps to an adoring crowd below. Wal-Mart has officially purchased the Swap Meet, so the video is both Lamar's shout-out to 'Pac & Dre and a "goodbye party" to the Compton institution. The video premiered on Vevo and YouTube on April 1, 2015. == Charts == == Year-end charts == == Certifications == 1

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Venture Philanthropy Partners<EOT>Prior to Freshbooks, Russell spent nearly three years as an Associate at Mantella Venture Partners (“MantellaVP”), a $20M seed stage venture capital fund in Toronto. At MantellaVP, he worked on a number of new and follow-on investments including: SurfEasy (Acquired by Opera Software), Joist (Mobile Accounting for Contractors), Shopcaster (Local Commerce), Flixel (Cinemagraph Platform), Crowdcare/Wysodm (IoT Customer Support), Brave Commerce (Acquired by Rogers, TSX: RCI) and others. In addition to his investment responsibilities, Russell spent a substantial percentage of his time “embedded” inside of portfolio companies including: Brave Commerce, Surfeasy, Shopcaster and Unata . 1

Venture Philanthropy Partners

Venture Philanthropy Partners (VPP) is a philanthropic organization based in the DC metro area that was founded in 2000 by Mario Morino, Raul Fernandez, and Mark Warner to invest in high-performing nonprofits in the National Capital Region. Since then, it has made over $40 million in direct investments in nonprofits serving children and youth. VPP provides technical support along with its grants. It makes investments in three areas: Early Childhood, Education, and Youth Transitions. Since its inception, VPP has invested in organizations that have offered service to some 40,000 children and youth around the National Capital Region. VPP states its mission as aiming "... to help strong leaders make their organizations as effective as they can be."

Venture Philanthropy Partners (VPP) is a philanthropic organization based in the DC metro area that was founded in 2000 by Mario Morino, Raul Fernandez, and Mark Warner to invest in high-performing nonprofits in the National Capital Region. Since then, it has made over $40 million in direct investments in nonprofits serving children and youth. VPP provides technical support along with its grants. It makes investments in three areas: Early Childhood, Education, and Youth Transitions. Since its inception, VPP has invested in organizations that have offered service to some 40,000 children and youth around the National Capital Region. VPP states its mission as aiming "... to help strong leaders make their organizations as effective as they can be." == Methodology == VPP does not ask for grant applications; rather, it looks for NPs with growth capacity. VPP does not fund programs; it focuses on general operation support. With its first fund, VPP focused on smaller grants for 12 organizations over a period of 9 years. With its second fund, it went to on larger and longer investments in fewer organizations. == List of Portfolio I Investments == AALEAD Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Washington Center for Multicultural and Humans Services CentroNía (Formerly Calvary Multicultural Learning Center) Child and Family Network Services College Summit, National Capital Region Friendship Public Charter School Heads Up Latin American Youth Center Mary's Center for Maternal and Child Care See Forever Foundation (Which operates the Maya Angelou Public Charter Schools SEED Foundation (Which operates the SEED School) == List of Portfolio II Investments == KIPP DC (Local DC chapter of the KIPP Foundation) Urban Alliance Year Up, National Capital Region youthCONNECT == List of organizations in youthCONNECT == College Summit, National Capital Region KIPP DC (Local DC chapter of the KIPP Foundation) Latin American Youth Center Metro TeenAIDS Urban Alliance Year Up, National Capital Region == Other High-Engagement Philanthropic Organizations == The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation NewSchools Venture Fund REDF SeaChange Capital Partners Social Venture Partners1

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Heather Thomas<EOT>Mammoth Hot Springs, located in Yellowstone National Park, is an ecosystem of interacting microbes, geochemistry, and mineralogy. Brightly colored minerals and thermophilic bacteria and algae give the active springs their color, where as when they dry out the remaining travertine is typically white to gray in color. NPS photo taken by J. Schmidt courtesy of the Yellowstone Digital Slide File . Grand Prismatic, located in the Midway Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, is the largest hot spring in the park and the third largest in the world. Only hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea are able to live in the nearly boiling water of this hot spring. Extensive orange and brown microbial mats radiate from the pool. NPS photo taken by J. Schmidt courtesy of the Yellowstone Digital Slide File . Soon after their discovery, the heat-stable enzymes of thermophiles proved to be very important to the field of biotechnology ( This site may be offline. ) . For example, two thermophilic species Thermus aquaticus and Thermococcus litoralis are used as sources of the enzyme DNA polymerase, for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in DNA fingerprinting. As thermophiles have become increasingly important in biotechnological research, the number of bioprospecting groups searching for useful organic compounds in nature have dramatically increased as well. Consequently, concerns over preservation of biodiversity and natural resources as well as profitting research results have given way to benefits-sharing agreements (more info) , such as the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (more info) between Yellowstone National Park and the Diversa Corporation. Geothermal area in El Tatio Chile. NPS photo courtesy of the Yellowstone Digital Slide File . 1

Heather Thomas

Heather Anne Thomas (born September 8, 1957) is an American actress, screenwriter, author and political activist, who co-starred as Jody Banks on the TV series The Fall Guy.

Heather Anne Thomas (born September 8, 1957) is an American actress, screenwriter, author and political activist, who co-starred as Jody Banks on the TV series The Fall Guy. == Early life == Thomas was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, to Gladdy Lou Ryder, a special education teacher in the Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. She graduated from Santa Monica High School in 1975 and went on to attend UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, graduating in 1980. While at UCLA, she was a member of the Chi Omega sorority. == Career == Thomas started acting at age 14, when she was one of the hosts of a series on NBC called Talking with a Giant, where she interviewed celebrities. In 1978 she began acting in small television roles; she appeared in the series Co-Ed Fever, of which she later said, "It was canceled after the third commercial." After Co-Ed Fever's cancellation, Thomas was chosen for the role of Jody Banks in The Fall Guy, which starred Lee Majors and was produced by Glen Larson, from its 1981 premiere to its 1986 cancellation. Unfortunately, Thomas developed a cocaine addiction during her run in the program, and entered rehabilitation for that addiction in 1984. She appeared in several movies, the first of which was Zapped! in 1982 (see below for her filmography), but she gave up acting in 1998. Thomas appeared on numerous pin-up posters during the 1980s. Following her acting career, Thomas wrote a screenplay called School Slut and sold it to Touchstone Pictures for a figure reported as "mid-six-figure." Touchstone did not make the film, however, and Thomas acquired the rights to produce it herself. In April 2008, Thomas's first novel, Trophies, was published by William Morrow. Harrison Ford described it as having "made me laugh out loud... ironic, smart and surprisingly touching.” Arianna Huffington described the characters in Trophies as "...powerful women flawlessly draped in Vera Wang, [with] manicured hands pushing buttons while scratching their way to the top--the secret power brokers of Los Angeles. Heather Thomas has written a stiletto heel-sharp satiric romp.” == Personal life == Thomas married Allan Rosenthal in August 1985, Rosenthal is one of the founders of Cocaine Anonymous; they divorced in September 1986. Thomas then married entertainment attorney Skip Brittenham in October 1992. Their daughter, whom they named India Rose, was born on June 19, 2000. Thomas and Brittenham became joint hosts of a monthly fund-raising breakfast gathering at their home in Santa Monica, California, which became known in Washington as the "L.A. Cafe." Thomas serves on the advisory boards of The Rape Foundation and Amazon Conservation Team. According to newsmeat.com, Thomas contributed over US$280,000 to political candidates since 1992, mostly to Democratic and special-interest groups, such as Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-CA), Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), and Sen. Al Franken (D-MN), with $2,400 towards supporting Republican Mary Bono. In September 1986, Thomas was struck by a car while crossing San Vicente Boulevard, and she sustained serious injuries to both of her legs. == Filmography == 1

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Suntan City<EOT>1

Suntan City

"Suntan City" is a song written by Rhett Akins, Luke Bryan, Dallas Davidson, and Ben Hayslip and originally recorded by Bryan for his similarly-titled fifth extended play, Spring Break 4...Suntan City (2012). It reached number 43 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 2013 following the release of the compilation album, Spring Break...Here to Party, which comprises all of the tracks from Bryan's previous four Spring Break-themed EPs. Bryan has included the song on the setlists for multiple concert tours. In 2013, the song was covered by Canadian country rock artist Aaron Pritchett and released to Canadian country radio in May 2013 as the lead single from his 2015 greatest hits album, Body of Work: A Collection of Hits. Pritchett's cover reached number 18 on the Billboard Canada Country chart.

"Suntan City" is a song written by Rhett Akins, Luke Bryan, Dallas Davidson, and Ben Hayslip and originally recorded by Bryan for his similarly-titled fifth extended play, Spring Break 4...Suntan City (2012). It reached number 43 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 2013 following the release of the compilation album, Spring Break...Here to Party, which comprises all of the tracks from Bryan's previous four Spring Break-themed EPs. Bryan has included the song on the setlists for multiple concert tours. In 2013, the song was covered by Canadian country rock artist Aaron Pritchett and released to Canadian country radio in May 2013 as the lead single from his 2015 greatest hits album, Body of Work: A Collection of Hits. Pritchett's cover reached number 18 on the Billboard Canada Country chart. == Reception == In a review of the EP, Matt Bjorke of Roughstock wrote that the song "sounds like something that could be a big radio hit." "Suntan City" debuted at number 19 on the Country Digital Songs chart for the week of March 14, 2012, selling 19,000 copies in its first week. The following year, it later entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated March 23, 2013 at number 43. == Live performances and promotion == "Suntan City" was included in the setlist for Bryan's 2013 Dirt Road Diaries Tour, which supported Here to Party as well as his subsequent studio album, Crash My Party (2013). It was also performed during his That's My Kind of Night Tour in 2014 and 2015. On the latter tour, he sprayed the audience with beer during the song. == Charts == == Aaron Pritchett version == Canadian country rock singer Aaron Pritchett recorded a cover version of "Suntan City", which was released by On Ramp Records on May 16, 2013. It serves as the lead single for his first greatest hits album, Body of Work: A Collection of Hits (2015). The song impacted Canadian country radio on May 28, 2013. Pritchett modified some of the lyrics from Luke Bryan's version to give the song a more Canadian feel, including incorporating the slang term "coozie." Tom McKillip, who had produced some of Pritchett's previous singles, co-produced the track with his daughter, Carly McKillip. His version reached number 18 on the Canada Country chart. == Charts == == Release history == 1

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Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca<EOT>1

Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca

Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (Arabic: الحسين بن علي الهاشمي‎‎, al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī; 1853/1854 – 4 June 1931) was a Hashemite Arab leader who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after proclaiming the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, King of the Hejaz from 1916 to 1924. At the end of his reign he also briefly laid claim to the office of Caliph. A member of the Awn clan of the Qatadid emirs of Mecca, he was perceived to have rebellious inclinations and in 1893 was summoned to Constantinople where he was kept on the Council of State. In 1908, in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution, he was appointed Emir of Mecca by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. In 1916, with the promise of British support for Arab independence, he proclaimed the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, accusing the Committee of Union and Progress of violating tenets of Islam and limiting the power of the sultan-caliph. Shortly after the outbreak of the revolt, Hussein declared himself 'King of the Arab Countries'. However, his pan-Arab aspirations were not accepted by the Allies, who recognised him only as King of the Hejaz. After World War I Hussein refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, in protest at the Balfour Declaration and the establishment of British and French mandates in Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus deprived himself of British support when his kingdom was invaded by Ibn Saud. In March 1924, when the Ottoman Caliphate was abolished, Hussein proclaimed himself Caliph of all Muslims. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son Ali. His sons Faisal and Abdullah were made rulers of Iraq and Transjordan in 1921.

Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (Arabic: الحسين بن علي الهاشمي‎‎, al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī; 1853/1854 – 4 June 1931) was a Hashemite Arab leader who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after proclaiming the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, King of the Hejaz from 1916 to 1924. At the end of his reign he also briefly laid claim to the office of Caliph. A member of the Awn clan of the Qatadid emirs of Mecca, he was perceived to have rebellious inclinations and in 1893 was summoned to Constantinople where he was kept on the Council of State. In 1908, in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution, he was appointed Emir of Mecca by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. In 1916, with the promise of British support for Arab independence, he proclaimed the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, accusing the Committee of Union and Progress of violating tenets of Islam and limiting the power of the sultan-caliph. Shortly after the outbreak of the revolt, Hussein declared himself 'King of the Arab Countries'. However, his pan-Arab aspirations were not accepted by the Allies, who recognised him only as King of the Hejaz. After World War I Hussein refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, in protest at the Balfour Declaration and the establishment of British and French mandates in Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus deprived himself of British support when his kingdom was invaded by Ibn Saud. In March 1924, when the Ottoman Caliphate was abolished, Hussein proclaimed himself Caliph of all Muslims. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son Ali. His sons Faisal and Abdullah were made rulers of Iraq and Transjordan in 1921. == Early life == Hussein ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'in ibn Awn was born in Constantinople in 1853 or 1854 as the eldest son of Sharif Ali ibn Muhammad, who was the second son of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'in, the former Emir of Mecca. As a sharif he was a descendant of Muhammad through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali and a member of the ancient Hashemite house. His mother Bezm-i Cihan, the wife of Ali, was a Circassian. He belonged to the Dhawu Awn clan of the Abadilah, a branch of the Banu Qatadah tribe. The Banu Qatadah had ruled the Emirate of Mecca since the assumption of their ancestor Qatadah ibn Idris in 1201, and were the last of four dynasties of sharifs that altogether had ruled Mecca since the 10th century. In 1827 Sharif Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'in was appointed to the Emirate, becoming the first Emir from the Dhawu Awn and bringing an end to the centuries-long dominance of the Dhawu Zayd. He reigned until 1851, when he was replaced by Sharif Abd al-Muttalib ibn Ghalib of the Dhawu Zayd. After being deposed he was sent along with his family and sons to reside in the Ottoman capital of Constantinople. It was there that Hussein was born to Muhammad's son Ali in 1270 AH (1853/1854). Muhammad was reappointed to the Emirate in 1856, and Hussein, then aged two or three, accompanied his father and grandfather back to Mecca. However, Muhammad died in 1858 and was succeeded by his eldest son Sharif Abd Allah Pasha. A few years later, in 1278 AH (1861/1862), Ali was recalled to Constantinople while Hussein remained in the Hejaz under the care of his uncle Abd Allah. Hussein was raised at home unlike other young sharifs, who were customarily sent outside of the city to grow up among the nomadic Bedouin. Reportedly a studious youth, he mastered the principles of the Arabic language and was also educated in Islamic law and doctrine. Among his teachers was Shaykh Muhammad Mahmud at-Turkizi ash-Shinqiti, with whom he studied the seven Mu'allaqat. With Shaykh Ahmad Zayni Dahlan he studied the Qur'an, completing its memorization before he was 20 years old. During Abd Allah's reign, Hussein became familiar with the politics and intrigue surrounding the sharifian court. He also participated in numerous expeditions to Nejd and the eastern regions of the Hejaz to meet with the Arab tribes, over whom the Emir exerted a loose form of control. He learned the ways of the Bedouin, including the skills needed to withstand the harsh desert environment. In his travels he gained a deep knowledge of the desert flora and fauna, and developed a liking for humayni verse, a type of vernacular poetry (malhun) of the Bedouin. He also practiced horse-riding and hunting. In 1287 AH (1871/1872) Hussein traveled to Constantinople to visit his father, who had fallen ill. He returned to Mecca after his father's death later that year. In 1875, he married Abd Allah's daughter Abdiyah. In 1877 Abd Allah died, and Hussein and his cousin Ali ibn Abd Allah were conferred the rank of pasha. Abd Allah was succeeded by his brother, Sharif Husayn Pasha. After Husayn was assassinated in 1880, the Sultan reinstated Abd al-Muttalib of the Dhawu Zayd as Emir. Displeased at the removal of the Dhawu Awn line from the Emirate, Hussein traveled to Constantinople with two cousins, Ali and Muhammad, and their uncle Abd al-Ilah. However they were ordered to return to Mecca by the Sultan, whose intelligence services suspected that the sharifs were conspiring with European powers, particularly the British, to return the Sharifate to their clan. The Emirate returned to the Dhawu Awn in 1882 with the deposition of Abd al-Muttalib and the appointment of Sharif Awn ar-Rafiq Pasha, the next eldest of the remaining sons of Sharif Muhammad. == Arab Revolt == Though there is no evidence to suggest that Sharif Hussein bin Ali was inclined to Arab nationalism before 1916, the rise of Turkish nationalism under the Ottoman Empire, culminating in the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, nevertheless displeased the Hashemites and resulted in a rift between them and the Ottoman revolutionaries. During World War I, Hussein initially remained allied with the Ottomans but began secret negotiations with the British on the advice of his son, Abdullah, who had served in the Ottoman parliament up to 1914 and was convinced that it was necessary to separate from the increasingly nationalistic Ottoman administration. The British Secretary of State for War, Field Marshal Lord Kitchener, appealed to him for assistance in the conflict on the side of the Triple Entente. Starting in 1915, as indicated by an exchange of letters with Lieutenant Colonel Sir Henry McMahon, the British High Commissioner in the Sultanate of Egypt, Hussein seized the opportunity and demanded recognition of an Arab nation that included the Hejaz and other adjacent territories as well as approval for the proclamation of an Arab Caliphate of Islam. High Commissioner McMahon accepted and assured him that his assistance would be rewarded by an Arab empire encompassing the entire span between Egypt and Persia, with the exception of British possessions and interests in Kuwait, Aden, and the Syrian coast. On the 2nd of Muharram 1335 (Oct 30 1916), Emir Abdullah called a meeting of majlis where he read a letter in which "Husayn ibn Ali was recognized as sovereign of the Arab nation. Then all those present arose and proclaimed him Malik al-Arab, King of the Arabs." However, even after an assurance by McMahon, Husayn did not receive the lands promised by their British allies. McMahon claimed that the proposed lands to be taken in by the new Arab State were not purely Arab. In actuality, McMahon refused to hand over the new lands as the areas in question had already been claimed by the new British ally, France. == Following World War I == In the aftermath of the war, the Arabs found themselves freed from centuries of Ottoman rule. Hussein's son Faisal was made King of Syria but this kingdom proved short-lived as the Middle East came under mandate rule of France and the United Kingdom. The British Government subsequently made Faisal and his brother Abdallah kings of Iraq and Transjordan, respectively. == King of Hejaz == When Hussein declared himself King of the Hejaz, he also declared himself King of the Arab lands (malik bilad-al-Arab). This only aggravated his conflict with Abdulaziz ibn Saud, which was already present because of their differences in religious beliefs and with whom he had fought before the First World War, siding with fellow anti-Saudis, the Ottomans in 1910. Two days after the Turkish Caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on 3 March 1924, Hussein declared himself Caliph at his son Abdullah's winter camp in Shunah, Transjordan. The claim to the title had a mixed reception, and Hussein was soon ousted and driven out of Arabia by the Saudis, a rival clan that had no interest in the Caliphate. Abd-ul-aziz ibn Sa'ud defeated Hussein in 1924, but he continued to use the title of Caliph when living in Transjordan. == Exile and abdication == Although the British had supported Hussein from the start of the Arab Revolt and the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence, they elected not to help him to repel the Saudi attack, which eventually took Mecca, Medina, and Jeddah. King Hussein was then forced to flee to Cyprus, before going to live in Amman, Transjordan, where his son Abdullah was Emir. After his abdication, another of his sons, Ali, briefly assumed the throne of the Hejaz, but then he too had to flee from the encroachment of the Saudi forces. Another of Hussein's sons, Faisal, was briefly King of Syria and later King of Iraq. King Hussein died in Amman in 1931 and was buried in Jerusalem. == Marriage and children == Hussein, who had four wives, fathered five sons and three daughters with three of his wives: Sharifa Abidiya Khanum (died Istanbul, Turkey, 1888, buried there), eldest daughter of his paternal uncle, Amir Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca; Madiha Khanum, a Circassian; Sharifa Khadija Khanum (1866 - Amman, Transjordan, 4 July 1921), second daughter of Amir Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca; Queen Adila Khanum (Istanbul, Turkey, 1879 - Larnaca, Cyprus, 12 July 1929, buried there at the Hala Sultan, Umm Haram, Tekke), daughter of Salah Bey, a Circassian, and granddaughter of Mustafa Rashid Pasha, sometime Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire; With his first wife Abidiya bint Abdullah he had: Prince Ali, last King of Hejaz married to Nafisa bint Abdullah. Parents of Aliya bint Ali. Grandparents of Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein. Hasan bin Hussein, died young. Prince Abdullah, Emir (later King) of Transjordan, married to Musbah bint Nasser, Suzdil Hanum, and Nahda bint Uman. Princess Fatima, married a European Muslim businessman from France. Prince Faisal, later King of Iraq and Syria, married to Huzaima bint Nasser. Parents of Ghazi, King of Iraq born 1912 died 4 April 1939, married his first cousin, Princess Aliya bint Ali, daughter of HM King Ali of Hejaz. With his second wife Madiha Khanum he had: Princess Saleha, married Abdullah bin Muhammed. With his third wife Adila Khanum he had: Princess Sara, married Muhammad Atta Amin in July 1933, divorced September 1933. Prince Zeid, who succeeded in pretense King Faisal II of Iraq upon his assassination in 1958, but never actually ruled as Iraq became a republic. Married to Fahrelnissa Kabaağaç. == Honours == == National honours == Founding Grand Master of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance Founding Grand Master of the Order of Independence == Foreign honours ==  United Kingdom : Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath == Film == In the 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia, Alec Guinness portrayed Prince Faisal, Sharif Hussein's son. In the 1992 film "A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia", Alexander Siddig portrayed Prince Faisal taking part in the negotiations of the Paris Peace Conference, as a representative of the House of Hashemites, to claim independence of the Arab nation. == Ancestry == 1

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Maryland Route 382<EOT>1

Maryland Route 382

Maryland Route 382 (MD 382) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Croom Road, the highway runs 15.34 miles (24.69 km) from the Charles–Prince George's county line near Aquasco north to U.S. Route 301 (US 301) in Marlton. MD 382 connects Upper Marlboro with the southeastern corner of Prince George's County and northeastern Charles County. The highway formerly extended west from its southern terminus to Waldorf. MD 382 was built from what is now US 301 south through Croom between the mid-1920s and early 1930s. The highway was extended south and west through Charles County to near Waldorf in the mid-1950s. Part of the extension has been built in the late 1920s as part of MD 233, a parallel highway that extended east to the county line near Aquasco. MD 382 was truncated at the county line to achieve its present length in the late 1980s.

Maryland Route 382 (MD 382) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Croom Road, the highway runs 15.34 miles (24.69 km) from the Charles–Prince George's county line near Aquasco north to U.S. Route 301 (US 301) in Marlton. MD 382 connects Upper Marlboro with the southeastern corner of Prince George's County and northeastern Charles County. The highway formerly extended west from its southern terminus to Waldorf. MD 382 was built from what is now US 301 south through Croom between the mid-1920s and early 1930s. The highway was extended south and west through Charles County to near Waldorf in the mid-1950s. Part of the extension has been built in the late 1920s as part of MD 233, a parallel highway that extended east to the county line near Aquasco. MD 382 was truncated at the county line to achieve its present length in the late 1980s. == Route description == MD 382 begins at a bridge across County Line Creek, which forms the border between Charles and Prince George's counties. The road continues west into Charles County as Covington Road and then Poplar Hill Road past the Dr. Samuel A. Mudd House to Waldorf. MD 382 heads northeast as an 18-foot-wide (5.5 m) two-lane road and intersects MD 381 (Brandywine Road) at the hamlet of Poplar Hill north of Aquasco, where the highway expands to 24 feet (7.3 m) in width. The highway continues north parallel to the Patuxent River and crosses Black Swamp Creek, Full Mill Branch, and Rock Creek. The highway passes several units of Patuxent River Park, which encompasses some of the bottomlands along the river. MD 382 veers away from the river and passes the historic home Brookefield of the Berrys in the hamlet of Naylor. The highway crosses across Mataponi Creek, which flows into the Patuxent River between another unit of the Patuxent River Park and the Merkle Wildlife Sanctuary and Visitor's Center. MD 382 continues through the village of Croom, where it passes by St. Thomas' Church and the John W. Coffren House and Store and to the east of the historic manor house at Bellefields. The state highway continues to the west of the historic home Waverly and Mount Calvert Historical and Archaeological Park. MD 382 veers northwest and intersects CSX's Pope's Creek Subdivision at grade and crosses swampy Charles Branch as it runs along the edge of the suburban residential development of Marlton. The highway passes Frederick Douglass High School before reaching its northern terminus at US 301 (Robert Crain Highway). == History == In addition to the existing section of MD 382 in Prince George's County, there was a continuation of the state highway in Charles County west to near Waldorf. The Croom Road portion of the highway was started in 1924 from MD 3 (now US 301) and completed beyond the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad to near Mount Calvert Road in 1924 and 1925. MD 382 was extended south to about Croom Airport Road north of Croom in 1926 and 1927. The extension of the highway south to Candy Hill Road at Naylor was started in 1930. MD 382 was completed to just south of Rock Creek in 1932. Part of the Charles County segment of MD 382 was constructed as MD 233. MD 233 was built from Beantown southeast of Waldorf at the modern intersection of MD 5 and MD 5 Business east along Poplar Hill Road to a point west of Zekiah Swamp in 1926 and 1927. The highway was extended east to Dr. Samuel Mudd Road, then continued along that road to Bryantown Road, which became MD 232, in 1928. MD 233 construction continued along Woodville Road, paralleling Poplar Hill Road to the south. The highway was completed to the Washington, Brandywine and Point Lookout Railroad (now the Herbert Subdivision of the Pope's Creek Subdivision) at Gallant Green in 1929. MD 233 was extended to County Line Creek in two sections between 1930 and 1933. MD 382 was extended south from Rock Creek to MD 381 in 1955. In 1956, the state highway was extended west from MD 381 to County Line Creek and west along Covington Road and Poplar Hill Road to MD 5 at Beantown. MD 382 took over the portion of MD 233 from Dr. Samuel Mudd Road to Beantown, Dr. Samuel Mudd Road became a northward extension of MD 232, and the Woodville Road portion of MD 233 was transferred to Charles County. The portion of MD 382 in Charles County except from MD 5 to Mattawoman–Beantown Road was transferred to county maintenance in 1989. That segment at the western end became the southern end of MD 205, which was assigned at the same time along Mattawoman-Beantown Road north to US 301. The southern end of MD 205 was relocated and reconstructed as a divided highway as MD 5's new bypass of Waldorf in 1997. A bypassed portion of Poplar Hill Road at the old intersection between Poplar Hill Road and Mattawoman–Beantown Road became MD 382F by 1999. == Junction list == The entire route is in Prince George's County. == Auxiliary routes == There are two auxiliary routes of MD 382 located near Waldorf in Charles County. MD 382F is the designation for an unnamed 0.11-mile (0.18 km) section of old alignment of MD 382 and Poplar Hill Road adjacent to that road's intersection with MD 5 (Mattawoman–Beantown Road). MD 382G is the designation for an unnamed 0.02-mile (0.032 km) connecting spur between Poplar Hill Road and MD 382F. MD 382G was assigned to the spur in 2010.1

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Stone Farm (Dublin, New Hampshire)<EOT>1

Stone Farm (Dublin, New Hampshire)

The Stone Farm is a historic farmhouse on Old Marlborough Road in Dublin, New Hampshire. The main block of this 2-1/2 story farmhouse was built c. 1806 by John Stone, Jr. It was enlarged, possibly in several stages, during the 19th century, giving it its present Greek Revival styling, with some Italianate touches. The property was bought in 1905 by Alberta Houghton (of the Houghton Mifflin publishing family), and operated as a "gentleman's farm" into the 1940s. Houghton also purchased the nearby Stone-Darracott House property as part of her farm. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.1

The Stone Farm is a historic farmhouse on Old Marlborough Road in Dublin, New Hampshire. The main block of this 2-1/2 story farmhouse was built c. 1806 by John Stone, Jr. It was enlarged, possibly in several stages, during the 19th century, giving it its present Greek Revival styling, with some Italianate touches. The property was bought in 1905 by Alberta Houghton (of the Houghton Mifflin publishing family), and operated as a "gentleman's farm" into the 1940s. Houghton also purchased the nearby Stone-Darracott House property as part of her farm. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.1

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Canada Olympic Park<EOT>“When I first relocated here, I wasn’t confident Vancouver had a substantial enough density in population nor corporate headquarters to sustain 81 home dates of an MLB campaign,” Given said in an email. “This market is bigger than just the Vancouver Canucks . . . I’m gaining confidence Vancouver would embrace MLB beyond the traditional new franchise honeymoon phase.” 1

Canada Olympic Park

Canada Olympic Park (COP) (formerly known as Paskapoo Ski Hill) is located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The park is operated by WinSport Canada (formerly the Calgary Olympic Development Association (CODA)). It is currently used both for high performance athletic training and for recreational purposes by the general public. During the 1988 Winter Olympics, Canada Olympic Park was the primary venue for ski jumping, bobsleigh, and luge. WinSport Canada still maintains these facilities for training and competitive purposes. In the winter, the park is also used for downhill skiing, snowboarding, and cross-country skiing. In the summer, COP is used for warm-weather sports such as mountain biking (there are 25 km (16 mi) of bike trails) and is also the site of a number of summer festivals. The park is home to a summer challenge course and zip line. Many summer camps are available. Major expansions and additions are under way to maintain the park's status as a training facility to gain back business and stature from the Vancouver 2010 venues. On December 15, 2010, a phase of the Athletic and Ice Complex (AIC) opened which includes 3 ice surfaces to be used by Hockey Calgary and other groups as well as a restaurant. In 2011 the second phase will open which includes the 4th (Olympic size) ice surface to accommodate 3,800 fans. In 2012, the third phase will open which includes gyms, a public fitness centre, public sport development centre and a high intensity training centre for athletes. The AIC is located in front and to the side of the sliding sports training centre known as the "Ice House". The track in the Ice house can be seen from the upper floor corridor of the arenas. The park is located in western Calgary, south of the Trans-Canada Highway, north of the community of Cougar Ridge and west of Bowness.

Canada Olympic Park (COP) (formerly known as Paskapoo Ski Hill) is located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The park is operated by WinSport Canada (formerly the Calgary Olympic Development Association (CODA)). It is currently used both for high performance athletic training and for recreational purposes by the general public. During the 1988 Winter Olympics, Canada Olympic Park was the primary venue for ski jumping, bobsleigh, and luge. WinSport Canada still maintains these facilities for training and competitive purposes. In the winter, the park is also used for downhill skiing, snowboarding, and cross-country skiing. In the summer, COP is used for warm-weather sports such as mountain biking (there are 25 km (16 mi) of bike trails) and is also the site of a number of summer festivals. The park is home to a summer challenge course and zip line. Many summer camps are available. Major expansions and additions are under way to maintain the park's status as a training facility to gain back business and stature from the Vancouver 2010 venues. On December 15, 2010, a phase of the Athletic and Ice Complex (AIC) opened which includes 3 ice surfaces to be used by Hockey Calgary and other groups as well as a restaurant. In 2011 the second phase will open which includes the 4th (Olympic size) ice surface to accommodate 3,800 fans. In 2012, the third phase will open which includes gyms, a public fitness centre, public sport development centre and a high intensity training centre for athletes. The AIC is located in front and to the side of the sliding sports training centre known as the "Ice House". The track in the Ice house can be seen from the upper floor corridor of the arenas. The park is located in western Calgary, south of the Trans-Canada Highway, north of the community of Cougar Ridge and west of Bowness. == 1988 Winter Olympics == The ski resort is one of the best-known legacies of the XV Olympic Winter Games which were held in Calgary in 1988. It was the main venue for this event, hosting: bobsleigh, luge (both at the now bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track), nordic combined, ski jumping, freestyle skiing (aerials and ballet). == Skiing and Snowboarding == Canada Olympic Park is a popular place for people looking to go skiing or snowboarding without driving out to the mountains. The hill is divided into three sections, the downhill racing section, the casual section and the terrain park. The terrain park is of exceptional quality, and as of 2006, the halfpipe has been enlarged to be an exact replica of the halfpipe that was used for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Other features of the terrain park include spines, handrail, and tables. There are currently 6 lifts that are being used on a regular basis, a four-passenger detachable high-speed chairlift, a four-person standard chair, and 4 Magic Carpets. There is also a single chair that provides access to one of the smaller ski jumps, and a double chair (which has been recently removed), that takes people from the base area to near the base of the 90 m ski jump tower. == Snowmaking == Canada Olympic Park relies almost exclusively on man made snow to create skiable terrain. Snowmaking usually begins in early December and depending on weather conditions usually ends in early February. The hill has an arsenal of snowmaking equipment including automated SMI PoleCat fan guns, 'Mckinney' stick guns, and a handful of aging SMI Highland fan guns. An onsight pump station provides high pressure water and air to hydrants located around the hill. When pumping at capacity the park consumes roughly 850,000 L/hr of water. == Ski Jumping Facility == Winsport also operates a ski jumping facility on the east side of the Canada Olympic Park campus. The facility has six jumps ranging in size from K4 to K95. Of the six jumps at Canada Olympic park three are used year-round (the K18, K38, and K63). The K4 and the K89 jumps are used exclusively in the summer months. The largest jump, the K95 is no longer used for ski jumping and serves exclusively as a party venue. Collectively the facility sees on average 28,000 jumps each year. The majority of which are in the summer months. The Ski Jump venue is home of the Altius Nordic SC club. == Mountain Biking == In the summer Canada Olympic Park is open for the sport of mountain biking. The high-speed chairlift is used with bike racks on the chairs. There are numerous trails on the hill's west side, complete with north shore ladder stunts and singletrack trails. The east trees just contain regular trails, with minimal stunts and jumps. COP is also outfitted with a downhill course that holds competitions through the summer. The trails are designed for all riding abilities. Canada Olympic Park also has a large dirt jump park and trials park. Summer sports camps run all summer with activities ranging from luge to ski jumping. == WinSport Arenas == In 2011, WinSport opened its ice facility that houses four ice rinks (an international ice size arena seating 3000, three NHL-size rinks (the Joan Snyder arena, and arena C & D)). The arenas have been used for curling, figure skating, power skating (for long and short track speed skating), ringette, and hockey. Also, the arena has hosted concerts, shows, and other sporting events. During the summer of 2013, Hockey Canada held its Olympic orientation camp for perspective Canadian NHL athletes heading to the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi. Due to injury concerns and insurance disputes, drills and scrimmage sessions were held off ice in a "street hockey/ball hockey" format. == Markin-MacPhail Centre == In 2014, WinSport completed the Markin-MacPhail Centre. The centre is named after its benefactors Allan Markin and Keith MacPhail. The high-performance centre was designed as a training hub for Canadian athletes who have reached a provincial level of excellence. The center includes the ice arenas, a gymnasium, medical center for treatment and recovery, and an office tower who residences include the National Sport School as well as several national sport federations. == Canada's Sports Hall of Fame == In October 28, 2008, Calgary was chosen, among nine Canadian cities, to permanently host the nation's main sports hall of fame. The foundation and construction of the new facility was laid on donated land by the former Calgary Olympic Development Association (CODA), now called the Canadian Winter Sport Institute or WinSport Canada. The cost of the project was C$50 million (about C$30 million was used to build the venue; another C$20 million for operating costs, through an endowment fund). It was opened to the general public on July 1, 2011, to coincide with the Canada Day festivities. The former Olympic Museum and Hall of Fame location was turned into a training site for athletes, making it (OMHoF) redundant and the CSHOF the only sports-related museum there. == Expansion plans == On June 11, 2012, City Hall councillors voted against WinSport Canada's multimillion-dollar proposal to have some land at COP's base made into a "sprawling retail centre" by a vote of 9–5. However, WinSport has an option of redeveloping the land into smaller projects, over time, which can be "sustainable."1

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Mavrovo (region)<EOT>1

Mavrovo (region)

Mavrovo (Macedonian: Маврово [ˈmavrɔvɔ]) is a valley region in the northwest of the Republic of Macedonia. It is home to Mavrovo National Park and a winter sports center. Some of the villages and smaller hamlets include: Mavrovo, Nikiforovo, Leunovo, and Mavrovi Anovi. This micro region is named Mavrovo after the most populated settlement in the region, the village of Mavrovo. The region's location at Bistra mountain and the Lake Mavrovo have helped it grow into a year-round tourist center. Mavrovo is the most popular ski center in Macedonia. The ski center named Zare Lazareski has two double chair lifts, one single lift chair with over 1100 person capacity per hour, several ski lifts with synchronized connection and a capacity of over 5000 persons per hour. The ski center has also received a renovation that increased the capacity of ski lifts and ski chairs. The ski trails start at 1960 m and end at 1250 m above sea level. There are plans to build a ski jumping facility in Macedonia, possibly in Mavrovo. The Mavrovo lake lies at an altitude of 1220 m. It is 12 km long, 3 km wide and covers an area of 13.3 square kilometers. The coast is 24 km long. The deepest measured spot of the lake is 48 m deep.1

Mavrovo (Macedonian: Маврово [ˈmavrɔvɔ]) is a valley region in the northwest of the Republic of Macedonia. It is home to Mavrovo National Park and a winter sports center. Some of the villages and smaller hamlets include: Mavrovo, Nikiforovo, Leunovo, and Mavrovi Anovi. This micro region is named Mavrovo after the most populated settlement in the region, the village of Mavrovo. The region's location at Bistra mountain and the Lake Mavrovo have helped it grow into a year-round tourist center. Mavrovo is the most popular ski center in Macedonia. The ski center named Zare Lazareski has two double chair lifts, one single lift chair with over 1100 person capacity per hour, several ski lifts with synchronized connection and a capacity of over 5000 persons per hour. The ski center has also received a renovation that increased the capacity of ski lifts and ski chairs. The ski trails start at 1960 m and end at 1250 m above sea level. There are plans to build a ski jumping facility in Macedonia, possibly in Mavrovo. The Mavrovo lake lies at an altitude of 1220 m. It is 12 km long, 3 km wide and covers an area of 13.3 square kilometers. The coast is 24 km long. The deepest measured spot of the lake is 48 m deep.1

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Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden<EOT>1

Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden

Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden KP, PC (Ire) (26 October 1756 – 29 June 1820) was an Irish peer, soldier and politician. He was styled The Honourable from his birth to 1771, and then Viscount Jocelyn from 1771 to 1797. He was the eldest son of the 1st Earl of Roden and Lady Anne Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil. He was a professional soldier, and the company of dragoons he commanded, nicknamed "the Foxhunters", gained much notoriety during the Irish Rebellion of 1798. In particular they played a leading role in the Gibbet Rath massacre at the Curragh of Kildare on 29 May 1798, where 350-500 insurgents, who had surrendered, were killed in cold blood. In defence of Roden it can be said that he acted on the orders of his superior officer, General Duff, and that the action was widely condoned at the time. In September his dragoons played a crucial part in the final defeat of the invading French army at the Battle of Ballinamuck: Lord Roden accepted the surrender of General Humbert. He became Earl of Roden in 1797 after the death of his father Robert Jocelyn, 1st Earl of Roden and was appointed a Knight of the Order of St Patrick on 13 November 1806. Jocelyn represented Maryborough in the Irish House of Commons between 1776 and 1778. Between 1783 and 1797, he sat as Member of Parliament for Dundalk. He turned down a Marquisate due to the lack of his fortune which was needed to uphold this position. He was appointed Custos Rotulorum of Louth for life in 1820.

Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden KP, PC (Ire) (26 October 1756 – 29 June 1820) was an Irish peer, soldier and politician. He was styled The Honourable from his birth to 1771, and then Viscount Jocelyn from 1771 to 1797. He was the eldest son of the 1st Earl of Roden and Lady Anne Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil. He was a professional soldier, and the company of dragoons he commanded, nicknamed "the Foxhunters", gained much notoriety during the Irish Rebellion of 1798. In particular they played a leading role in the Gibbet Rath massacre at the Curragh of Kildare on 29 May 1798, where 350-500 insurgents, who had surrendered, were killed in cold blood. In defence of Roden it can be said that he acted on the orders of his superior officer, General Duff, and that the action was widely condoned at the time. In September his dragoons played a crucial part in the final defeat of the invading French army at the Battle of Ballinamuck: Lord Roden accepted the surrender of General Humbert. He became Earl of Roden in 1797 after the death of his father Robert Jocelyn, 1st Earl of Roden and was appointed a Knight of the Order of St Patrick on 13 November 1806. Jocelyn represented Maryborough in the Irish House of Commons between 1776 and 1778. Between 1783 and 1797, he sat as Member of Parliament for Dundalk. He turned down a Marquisate due to the lack of his fortune which was needed to uphold this position. He was appointed Custos Rotulorum of Louth for life in 1820. == Family == He married: Frances Theodosia Bligh on 5 February 1788 at St Andrew's Church, Dublin with issue: Robert Jocelyn (born 27 Oct 1788) James Bligh Jocelyn (died Jul 1812) Thomas Jocelyn (died Feb 1816) George Jocelyn () Frances Theodosia Jocelyn (1795-May 1820), married Richard Wingfield, 5th Viscount Powerscourt Anne Jocelyn (Died Oct 1822) Juliana-Anne Orde on 1808 with issue: John Jocelyn () Augustus George Frederick Jocelyn (1811–1887)1

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Blaenavon Low Level railway station<EOT>1

Blaenavon Low Level railway station

Blaenavon Low Level railway station was the northern terminus of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company line from Pontypool to Blaenavon in Monmouthshire, Wales.

Blaenavon Low Level railway station was the northern terminus of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company line from Pontypool to Blaenavon in Monmouthshire, Wales. == History == The station opened in 1854, along with the rest of the line from Blaenavon to Pontypool. The GWR "lower line", which ran along the valley floor to Blaenavon Low Level, closed on 30 April 1962, a year before the Beeching I report. A number of passenger lines in Monmouthshire were closed around this time due to falling passenger numbers. == Today == Nothing visible remains of the station; the site has been used for housing.1