text
stringlengths 198
630k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| metadata
dict |
|---|---|---|
In this blog, we’ve viewed Jewish education and engagement through various frames. This is our first post through a content frame. We need more Jewish in our lives, and we need more Jewish in our Jewish education and engagement. May the voices of the different teachers we feature here (from all backgrounds, from many Jewish communities) inspire us and inspire our work.
Today’s blog post from Rabbi David Wolkenfeld (Anshe Sholom B’nai Israel Congregation, Chicago) discusses the concept of machloket, holy disagreement. The piece will likely call for reading through varied lenses (Jewish pluralism in North America and in Israel, American pluralism, community dynamics). May it move all of us toward inclusive community rooms that are filled with texture, with all kinds of ideas.
“The opposite of a truth is a lie. But the opposite of a profound truth is another profound truth.”
This quote, attributed to the physicist Niels Bohr, is illustrated by the Torah readings on the first and second days of Rosh Hashanah. They express conflict and debate between two protagonists and between two distinct worldviews. Whenever conflict pits profound truths against one another rather than in opposition to a falsehood, resolving the conflict will require more than fact-checking lies until one person surrenders. There is no lie on the other side, only another profound truth with which one must contend.
The Torah’s account of the creation of the first Jewish family is also the account of the first machloket, the first disagreement in Jewish history involving two profound truths.
Genesis Chapter 21, which is also the reading for the first day of Rosh Hashanah, opens in a hopeful and mirthful tone. God has remembered Sarah, fulfilling his promise. Sarah gives birth and nurses a child at an advanced age. She weans that child, and then Abraham throws a big party to celebrate the day that Isaac is weaned. And they all lived happily ever after? If only.
Immediately following this happy opening, the Torah tells us that Sarah observed disturbing behavior and reached a dramatic conclusion:
“Sarah saw the son whom Hagar the Egyptian had borne to Abraham playing – metzahek,” which has linguistic allusions both to Isaac’s Hebrew name “Yitschak” and to the Hebrew work for “terrible sins.” She said to Abraham, “Cast out that slave-woman and her son, for the son of that slave shall not share in the inheritance with my son Isaac.”
This was the first machloket. There had been disputes and disagreements; there were arguments and there was even great violence before this moment. But Abraham’s reluctance to listen to Sarah is the first time the Torah presents us with a profound truth standing in opposition to another profound truth.
Abraham does not want to send Yishmael away as the text states, “The matter distressed Abraham greatly, for it concerned a son of his.”
This is a wonderfully ambiguous passage. Was Abraham distressed by what had been done to Isaac by his older half-brother Yishmael? Rashi suggests that Abraham’s distress was because Yishmael had become a bad influence and rejected Abraham’s values. Rashi himself, however, also acknowledges that the plain understanding of this verse is that Abraham grieved at the prospect of sending Yishmael away. I don’t think these two interpretations are fundamentally in conflict.
As a parent, Abraham was grievously troubled to learn about Yishmael’s negative behavior. He also was grievously troubled to learn that God endorsed Sarah’s demand to banish Yishmael. Our tradition teaches that Abraham was a consummate man of chessed, kindness and love. Abraham was told that he would be a blessing and that all human beings — the entire human family — would be blessed through him. He collects a motley crew of allies and servants of every nationality who were attracted to his universal ideals of ethical monotheism.
Sarah, though, was more invested in the specific project of perpetuating Abraham’s family, first through the help of the concubine Hagar, and then through her own son, Isaac. She was fiercely loyal to Isaac because she understood that the ethical-monotheist project that brought Abraham and Sarah from their native land to the land of Israel could change the world successfully only if it were first successful in replicating itself within one family. Sarah was not willing to risk that project by keeping Yishmael at home.
Abraham and Sarah each had a profound truth. Is the Abraham-and-Sarah project sustained by kindness to all or is it sustained through an investment in one’s own children and one’s own family?
Abraham and Sarah had the first machloket in Jewish history but certainly not the last one.
More than 100 years ago, Rabbi Avraham HaKohen Kook, at the time living in Yafo and serving as rabbi to the city and its surrounding pioneer agricultural communities, wrote about three forces battling within the Jewish community for dominance.
He saw these forces expressed in three competing factions: Orthodoxy, Zionism, and Humanism. The yishuv ha’yashan, the ancient Orthodox community of Jerusalem, attacked Rav Kook mercilessly because of his willingness to accommodate modernity and to cooperate with Zionist pioneers. The most prominent Zionist activists were notable for their loyalty to their people and also for their rejection of Jewish tradition and their scorn for the Jewish religion. All the while, enlightened Jews in Europe organized behind the principle that freedom for Jews was inseparable from freedom for all the world’s peoples and attainable within a modern democracy.
Rav Kook wrote that these factions, these parties, were expressing three ideas or were the product of three forces: the force of the sacred, kosdesh; the force of the nation, umah; and the force of humanity, enoshiut.
This machloket — this dispute among these three ideas, these three orienting points for human struggle — was a dispute that pitted profound truths in opposition to other profound truths.
Each of these ideals is a core demand that calls to us to organize our lives to promote and expand the realm of the sacred, the interest of the nation or the welfare of humanity. In Rav Kook’s words, Orthodoxy “claims with courage and bitter zealotry on behalf of the Torah and its mitzvot and faith and all that is holy within Israel.” Jewish nationalism, in Rav Kook’s characterization, “battles for all that the national orientation draws towards, including the pure natural sentiment of a nation wishing to renew its national life.” And humanism carries the banner of enlightenment and progress that cannot be confined to any one nation but extends to all human beings.
Rav Kook wrote with pathos and passion that the salvation of Israel and our flourishing as a people depend upon the unification of all of these ideals. Each ideal — holiness and tradition, the nation itself and its renewal, and the common bonds that connect all human beings to one another — is a profound truth.
“We would be miserable,” Rav Kook wrote, “if we were to allow any of these three forces to suppress another since they must become united.” And yet, as he wrote those words, the Jewish people were divided among Orthodox Jews, Zionists, and Humanists. Instead of uniting and forming a perspective that was informed by each of the three movements, adherents of each movement saw, as Rav Kook understood it, only the flaws of the other movements rather than the ways that the other movements were expressing something indispensable.
Five years ago, I assumed the pulpit of an Orthodox congregation in Chicago’s Lakeview neighborhood. In an optimistic mood, I gave my first Rosh Hashanah sermon at my new congregation expressing the belief that unity and solidarity among the Jewish people and beyond were possible if only we would choose to embrace that unity. “What we share is greater than what divides us,” I suggested, so unity was simply a matter of deciding to emphasize what we have in common.
That optimism seems naive today. The Jewish community, indeed people of all religions, is divided into factions and camps, and when we look from our camps to alternative perspectives and alternative communities, we see only the negative, not the positive, implications of their perspectives. We cannot simply decide to be unified as I suggested five years ago. Our differences are too great.
But Rav Kook’s analysis of the bitter divisiveness that he observed 100 years ago also offers a way forward for us as well. What we share is not necessarily greater than the causes of our disagreements, but the ways in which we are different signal the very elements that are lacking in our own perspective and that must become incorporated into our own perspective.
The opposite of a truth is a lie. But the opposite of a profound truth is sometimes another profound truth.
Rav Kook understood that any ideology that can attract the allegiance of thousands of people and captivate the imagination of a generation of Jews must have a basis in a profound truth. A new form of Jew, Rav Kook believed, had to be created in the 20th century, one who combined the reverence for the tradition of the Orthodox, the patriotism and vitalism of the Zionists, and the love for all humanity of the liberals.
The path to unity is not to ignore the machloket but to look at the machloket as a teaching moment. If I disagree profoundly with your worldview and perspective, then I can ask what is missing from my own worldview that needs to incorporate something from yours.
Jonathan Haidt’s book “The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion” is essentially a 21st-century update of Rav Kook, based not on Jewish tradition but on social psychology. Bitter divisions between “good people” in contemporary America come from our devotion to different forms of moral thinking. We are good moral people, but for some morality is defined primarily by avoiding harm to other people, whereas loyalty and respect for authority are core moral virtues to others.
The opposite of a truth is a lie. But the opposite of a profound truth is sometimes another profound truth.
Darkness and falsehood are rampant in the world as the curtain rises on 5778. And applying the simple truths to vanquish the falsehood and providing the moral clarity that can banish the darkness is a burden that each one of us will need to take on in the weeks and months ahead. But we need the wisdom to understand when a simple truth needs to be wielded in opposition to falsehood and when there is an opportunity for growth and for unity that can come only when two or more profound truths are allowed to exist in fruitful dialogue with one another.
Within the Jewish community, the American community, and many of the communities of which we are a part exists an existential need to figure out a way to unite — not by papering over our differences or expecting others to see things our way but by recognizing the profound truth that exists in the perspective of the other. We need to embrace, as Rav Kook did, that the way forward will look different than anything that has come before and will need to incorporate all of the different perspectives that are currently struggling for dominance. As Avraham and Sarah did, we too must see that the survival of our people and the flourishing of our community require a perpetual and unending balance among competing priorities.
Does the future of American Judaism require doubling down on a commitment to Jewish day schools and should we organize politically to fund them with vouchers, or does maintaining the separation of church and state better serve our long-term interest?
Does the survival of Judaism require us to reinforce the reverence that we feel for tradition or must we become more open to revising and updating those traditions?
Does loyalty to Israel require us to offer its government and its people full political support at its challenging moments or do we have a greater loyalty to demand that the State of Israel, in its domestic policies of religion and state, and in its foreign policies of war and peace, live up to the highest ideals of the prophets and sages of Israel?
Should the large legacy organizations of the American Jewish community continue their historic nonpartisan neutrality to preserve access to all levels of government or is this a moment that calls for speaking truth to power and the forging of new alliances?
The opposite of a profound truth is another profound truth. There is no knockout punch that will cause our opponents to reconsider their opinions. And we should not be searching for knockout punches. If you have not been surprised, or shocked, or even offended by an opinion shared at your Shabbat table or by a neighbor, a parent at a playdate, then consider a more expansive circle of friends. Incorporate their commitments and virtues into your own perspective so that we can pursue our common dreams and common goals. | <urn:uuid:40f85d57-eb0e-4659-bebd-f5161e9027b3> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:37:24",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9657195210456848,
"score": 2.921875,
"token_count": 2714,
"url": "https://jewishfederations.org/education-and-engagement/ideas-in-jewish-education-and-engagement/why-good-people-disagree"
} |
Visualization of database structures for information retrieval
This paper describes the Book House system, which is designed to support children's information retrieval in libraries as part of their education. It is a shareware program available on CD-ROM or floppy disks, and comprises functionality for database searching as well as for classifying and storing book information in the database. The system concept is based on an understanding of children's domain structures and their capabilities for categorization of information needs in connection with their activities in schools, in school libraries or in public libraries. These structures are visualized in the interface by using metaphors and multimedia technology. Through the use of text, images and animation, the Book House encourages children - even at a very early age - to learn by doing in an enjoyable way, which plays on their previous experiences with computer games. Both words and pictures can be used for searching; this makes the system suitable for all age groups. Even children who have not yet learned to read properly can, by selecting pictures, search for and find those books they would like to have read aloud. Thus, at the very beginning of their school life, they can learn to search for books on their own. For the library community, such a system will provide an extended service which will increase the number of children's own searches and also improve the relevance, quality and utilization of the book collections in the libraries. A market research report on the need for an annual indexing service for books in the Book House format is in preparation by the Danish Library Centre A/S. | <urn:uuid:9e1c8c66-4bc4-4210-8726-fbcf4e3d8ace> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:16:06",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9624841213226318,
"score": 2.890625,
"token_count": 308,
"url": "https://journal.alt.ac.uk/index.php/rlt/article/view/767"
} |
Delegate Name: Ayesha JavidCountry: ChinaCommittee: The World BankTopic: Reconstruction of war zones War- ‘ A conflict carried on by force of arms, as between nations or between parties within a nation; warfare as by land, sea or air. It has been six 6 years since the country of Syria has been plunged into a catastrophic civil war that has ravaged the country and forced innocents to cry tears of blood. Hundreds of thousands of people have been murdered and millions have fled the country, in what has come to be known as the worst refugee crisis since the World War Two. The strongest regional powers have since been involved, in hope for a solution, but to no avail. The citizens of Syria continue to suffer, and the country continues towards a path of self-destruction The Peoples Republic Of China being one of the close allies of Syria, the delegate China feels the need to address this situation and help it rebuild the nation from scratch. China’s foreign aid is provided mainly through bilateral channels. China has done its absolute best to advocate and engage in aid programs commenced by organizations like the United Nations and has actively coordinated exchange and explored realistic cooperation with multilateral organizations and several other nations in the area of development aid with a non-judgmental attitude. In the case of Syria which is tolerating a state of political and social distress due to the ongoing civil war between two conflicting parties and not including the government, hence, as China holds pleasant military relations with the Syrian republic, it continuously provides it with defense and humanitarian facilities in an attempt to improve the current state of Syria. However, the delegate of China believes that it would require ample amounts of resources to completely fund the refinement of the Syrian issues, so in the case of Syria The World Bank should intervene, this would not only improve the economic climate of Syria but also boost the economic climate of countries that share trade relations with it, which may allow the world bank to fulfill its aim to eradicate poverty by 2030.Syria is looking chiefly to Russia, China and Iran for help with reconstruction, thus the delegate of China feels as if it is China’s duty to help Syria in time of need as the two hold pleasant economic and social relations. Exports from Syria to China made up less than 1 percent of the total trade volume at $5.6 million, while exports from China to Syria were worth $2.2 billion making China, Syria’s main importer. Unlike Iraq, which was pumping out about two million barrels of oil a day even in the traumatic years right after the 2003 US invasion, Syria has little ability to generate cash internally to pay for its own rebuilding.In the case of Afghanistan, China has been an active advocate of peaceful reconstruction of Afghanistan for a few years now. By the end of October 2014, China is responsible for providing 1.52 billion yuan of grants, training nearly one thousand professionals in all areas through bilateral and multilateral channels, providing more than 10 batches of goods and materials, building key projects such as Jumhoriate Hospital, Teaching Building of Chinese Language Department and Guest House of Kabul University, National Center of Science and Technology Education, and Multi-functional Center in the Presidential Palace for Afghanistan. All of these have played an effective role in promoting the development and people’s livelihood of Afghanistan. Not only this but Beijing pledged over $327 million in aid through 2017 for the reconstruction of Afghanistan during President Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai’s state visit to China. The statement further added that Beijing will eventually increase the aid amount to $245.4 million in a bid to assist Afghanistan in various sectors. As a resolution’s policy to this affair, the delegate of China believes that it is very important for The World bank to work towards aiding the development of War Zones regardless of their social and economic relations with China. However, it would be a very foolish if the provided finance to war-stricken countries is not used for the right cause, which is an improvement of the defense. Hence we believe support shall be given in the form of direct aid, such as military resources. | <urn:uuid:b81cdae4-d1e4-4c61-a270-15012eafcb94> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:18:04",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9652085304260254,
"score": 2.625,
"token_count": 835,
"url": "https://kidswalknola.org/delegate-nations-in-the-area-of-development-aid-with/"
} |
NDAA09027U Signal and Image Processing
Signal and Image Processing introduce the basic computer tools to deal with sampled data, especially the images, i.e., the 2D spatially regular ones but 1D application examples will are presented.
Applications of Signal and image processing range from time series analysis include sound or financial data to complex imaging devices, from astronomy to surveillance to medicine and biology. This make this course an ideal supplement for students coming from various fields of science.
Students will not only acquire a theoretical knowledge of signal processing but also good implementation practices. There will be weekly exercises, both theoretical, so as to help students understand the different concepts, as well as practical ones, so as to apply them, including filtering, denoising, segmentation.Topics to be covered are:
- Signal and image processing fundamentals
- Sampling, Sampling theorem, Fourier transform
- Convolution, linear and nonlinear filtering
- Image restoration, inverse filtering
- Image histograms, colour image processing
- Image segmentation
- Multiresolution processing
- Image compression
- Representation, and description.
Evaluate which signal / image processing methods and pipeline of methods is best suited for solving a given signal problem. Understand the implications of theoretical theorems and being able to analyse real problems on that basis.
Apply basic signal processing methods to solve basic signal processing problems.
Convolution and Correlation
Filtering and denoising
Elementary Segmentation methods
Elementary representations and description of image content
- Practical exercises
- Project work
- Theory exercises
As an exchange, guest and credit student - click here!
Continuing Education - click here!
- 7,5 ECTS
- Type of assessment
- Continuous assessmentContinuous evaluation of written assignments evaluated using internal grading and the 7-point grading scale.
- Marking scale
- 7-point grading scale
- Censorship form
- No external censorship
- Oral examination (25 minutes including grading) in course curriculum without preparation. Internal grading using the 7-point grading scale.
Criteria for exam assesment
Discuss and apply the theoretical basics of digital signal and image processing
Reflect the linear processing of signals and design and apply digital filters for discrete signals.
Explain and identify different types of noise, design noise removal algorithms for image restoration and solve statistical linear inverse filtering problems for images.
Compare Fourier analysis to multiresolution analysis, relate the fundamental concepts of multiresolution analysis, and perform time/space-frequency analysis for signals and images.
Analyze the image histograms, and transform the images to another forms to enhance the visual content of the image or to facilitate easier interpretation and processing.
Explain fundamental image segmentation approaches and implement them to extract homogeneous regions on the images.
Explain the principles of image compression methods and design and implement lossless and lossy compression methods for image compression.
Relate and illustrate elementary representation methods in description of image content | <urn:uuid:1b830d48-ffe3-45a3-833a-2556919b605f> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:31:17",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8628126978874207,
"score": 3.109375,
"token_count": 621,
"url": "https://kurser.ku.dk/course/ndaa09027u/2013-2014"
} |
In episode 61 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting in Vancouver, Canada on February 17th, 2012, Dr. Stan Maloy talks with Richard Lenski Ph.D., Hannah Professor of Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, about his research into the evolution of bacteria and the new frontier of digital evolution.
Lenski’s Long Term Evolution Experiment with E. coli has seen over 50,000 new generations since its inception in 1998. This has led to insights such as how viruses can evolve from types that don’t infect humans to ones that do. Lenski’s work with E. coli has also led him into the digital world.
Using computers, Lenski can achieve precise, rapid results by manipulating digital organisms. Software that evolves much like bacteria in the real world. Lenski is optimistic about the future of evolution research. Applying the generalities that have resulted from his studies to any number of other microbial species. He also sees large potential in applying what he’s learned to the study of antibiotic resistance and bioengery. | <urn:uuid:287c7c17-e616-4986-86ec-d0194d4d1a00> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:49:51",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9518177509307861,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 227,
"url": "https://labgenmol-fo-unam.com/2013/01/29/dr-richard-lenski-evolution-in-a-flask-mwv61/"
} |
Try to avoid triclosan. Read labels (especially soaps, personal care, and household cleaning products) and avoid anything that says it contains triclosan, or is anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, or anti-odor. We easily absorb triclosan into our bodies, and it has been detected in our urine, blood, and breast milk. Among its many negative effects (e.g., here and here) is that it is now linked to disruption of gut bacteria.
The gut microbiome performs vital functions in our bodies. Deviation from the normal microbiome (our microbial communities being out of whack) is known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been associated with human diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and malnutrition. The researchers used zebrafish because they are commonly used to study impacts of various chemicals on gut microbial communities. So yes, the findings are valid and match what other studies have found. So please try to avoid triclosan. From Science Daily:
A new study suggests that triclosan, an antimicrobial and antifungal agent found in many consumer products ranging from hand soaps to toys and even toothpaste, can rapidly disrupt bacterial communities found in the gut.The research was published in PLOS ONE by scientists from Oregon State University. It was based on findings made with zebrafish, which researchers believe are an important animal model to help determine possible human biological and health impacts of this antimicrobial compound.
Triclosan was first used as a hospital scrub in the 1970s and now is one of the most common antimicrobial agents in the world, found in shampoos, deodorants, toothpastes, mouth washes, kitchen utensils, cutting boards, toys, bedding, socks and trash bags. It continues to be used in medical settings, and can be easily absorbed through the skin.
"However, there's now a growing awareness of the importance of the bacteria in our gut microbiome for human health, and the overuse of antibiotics that can lead to the rise of 'superbugs.' There are consequences to constantly trying to kill the bacteria in the world around us, aspects we're just beginning to understand."
In the new study, researchers found that triclosan exposure caused rapid changes in both the diversity and composition of the microbiome in the laboratory animals. It's not clear what the implication may be for animal or human health, but scientists believe that compromising of the bacteria in the intestinal tract may contribute to the development or severity of disease. Some bacteria were more susceptible to the impact of triclosan than others, such as the family Enterobacteriaceae; and others were more resilient, such as the genus Pseudomonas.
The gut-associated microbiome performs vital functions for human health, prevents colonization with pathogens, stimulates the development of the immune system, and produces micronutrients needed by the host. Dysfunction of this microbiome has been associated with human disease, including diabetes, heart disease, arthritis and malnutrition, the scientists pointed out in their study.
Triclosan has been a concern in part because it is so widely used, and it's also readily absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tracts, showing up in urine, feces and breast milk. It also has been associated with endocrine disruption in fish and rats, may act as a liver tumor promoter, and can alter inflammatory responses. | <urn:uuid:142d7a35-463f-487b-bfb3-c5d2abe870fa> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:45:51",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9537568092346191,
"score": 2.875,
"token_count": 707,
"url": "https://lactobacto.com/tag/gut-bacteria/"
} |
New primary school league table data for England has been published by the Department for Education.
The tables are based on how 11-year-olds in each school performed in national curriculum tests – or Sats – taken at the end of primary school.
They provide a snapshot of how well each school is performing and tracks pupils’ progress.
The aim is to hold schools to account and to give parents a way of comparing schools in their areas.
Read more here: Primary league tables: How did your school do? | BBC News | <urn:uuid:d5cab2ef-6dbc-47e7-803a-ca6e4014b443> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:59:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.981517493724823,
"score": 2.828125,
"token_count": 109,
"url": "https://learningrenaissance.wordpress.com/2019/12/15/primary-league-tables-how-did-your-school-do-bbc-news/"
} |
Earth-Friendly Math Crafts
From the Series Green STEAM
Shapes, games, boxes, and more! Crafters will love these math-themed crafts made from odds and ends you already have on hand. Turn cardboard into a working scale, use fractions to give rain boots a splash of color, and let geometry inspire emoji photo props from recycled paper. Color photos and step-by-step instructions will walk readers through each project. Extend learning with more detailed how-to images, accessible online via a QR code.
|Interest Level||Grade 3 - Grade 5|
|Reading Level||Grade 3|
|Subject||Makerspace, Makerspace: Craft/Fashion|
|Publisher||Lerner Publishing Group|
|Imprint||Lerner Publications ™, LernerClassroom|
|Number of Pages||32|
|BISACS||JNF015000, JNF037020, JNF065000|
|Dimensions||8 x 10|
|Guided Reading Level||S|
|Features||Activities, Author/Illustrator biography, Bibliography/further reading, Glossary, Index, Page Plus™, Photo captions, Step-by-step instructions, and Table of contents|
Author, Photographer: Veronica Thompson
Veronica Thompson lives in a little brownstone in Brooklyn, New York, with her two puppies and wonderful husband. She spends her days crafting for her website, makescoutdiy.com, and building websites. | <urn:uuid:abb91603-51bd-4d85-b82d-f25ecf3798d0> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:44:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.7481892108917236,
"score": 2.765625,
"token_count": 317,
"url": "https://lernerbooks.com/shop/show/16280"
} |
This archive has been developed for use in the Indigenous communities from which these languages and resources come. We encourage local Indigenous people to use the materials, and to tell us how we can make the archive better.
Some of the activities you might like to do include
- recording audio versions of some stories
- adding information about the books (eg author names, translated titles, etc)
- correcting texts (where spelling or OCR errors appear)
- updating materials – creating new versions of old stories
- sharing ideas about the ways in which these resources can be used to support language and literacy learning
and lots of ideas we haven’t thought of yet!
Please contact us to tell us about what you’re doing with the materials, or if you’d like some help with any of these activities. | <urn:uuid:e8c469e0-5545-44c3-8132-971dbf4f3c33> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:50:12",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9169725179672241,
"score": 3.15625,
"token_count": 168,
"url": "https://livingarchive.cdu.edu.au/community-engagement/"
} |
Experience the mystical echo of Malay Gamelan first hand. Learn the basics of Malay Gamelan playing and the history behind the instruments and songs in this
Gamelan was once a symbol of royalty, an ensemble of brass instruments only performed as the exquisite entertainment for royal pleasure. Between 1914 and 1942, the love and effort devoted by the royal couple of Terengganu, Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Syah and Tengku Ampuan Mariam, carried the Malay gamelan into its glory days. However, the demise of the patrons and World War II had caused the Malay gamelan to almost disappear, turning it into a hidden treasure.
Later on, Tan Sri Haji Mubin Sheppard, a man on a mission to preserve Malay architecture, stumbled upon the long abandoned gamelan instruments, locked away in Istana Kolam. This led to the reunion of former musicians and re-establishment of new dancers. Hence, the Malay Gamelan was born.
Now the Malay gamelan has lifted its veil to audience and listeners beyond the royal circle, thus allowing the beauty and splendor of this precious heritage to be enjoyed and explored by the generations to come.
Get into the rhythm of the mystical Malay gamelanGet a chance to peek into royal life by learning to play the Malay gamelan, once reserved only for royals. The class will start with a brief history of the Malay gamelan, which will give you an insight into the instruments and their functions, then learn the technique of playing the different instrument through a song.
Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, Sentul, Kuala Lumpur, Territorio Federal de Kuala Lumpur, MalasiaHow to get there | <urn:uuid:6133accc-b3e1-42d3-968e-515cc5b3ba9b> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:30:38",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9238793253898621,
"score": 2.78125,
"token_count": 369,
"url": "https://lokalocal.com/tour/2890/echo-in-bronze-malay-gamelan-workshop"
} |
We have lost something very valuable in Canada, and the United States: RESPECT. We have lost respect on the national political global scene, as well as respect for one another in our own countries. We do not value each other or the contributions we have made on the world stage or in our own back yards. Social media allows bullying of the most insidious manner, by famous and infamous name-callers who use the most offensive language to demean, degrade and defame a person(s) on a world-wide scale. There is no such thing as “freedom of speech” because there is no respect for anyone who has a differing opinion. Divisiveness abounds in our culture. Our catch word is “tolerance” but the reality is anything but that. Hate-filled rhetoric is launched at us from all directions. Even our world leaders resort to a cacophony of name-calling that is petty and childish.
Many people use a variety of methods to protest against racism, religious persecution and social injustice but this only leads to more denigrating banter between those who agree and those who disagree with the protest. It all ultimately dissolves into more name-calling and side-show antics that negate the effectiveness of civil protests. No one wins, everyone is offended, and all civility breaks down. It all comes down to a profound lack of respect for one another and denying the right of groups or individuals to voice opposing opinions. This permeates to every facet of our lives and to the way we conduct ourselves daily and interact with our fellow-man.
There used to be a time when RESPECT was learned, not necessarily earned. That goes counter-culturally to what we think now, that respect is earned. As children we were taught to respect our elders. Age and wisdom demanded respect. We were taught to respect those in authority over us: police, law-enforcement officials, teachers and political leaders. We didn’t need to agree with everything they did or said, but we respected the “office” they represented. We respected and honoured our parents and grandparents. We gave up our seat on a bus or in a gathering so adults and seniors could sit down. That courtesy also extended to men standing so a woman could sit down. Chivalry is a thing of the past now.
We stood in respect and silence every Remembrance Day to honour the men and women who fought and died so we might have freedom in our country. We understood their sacrifice for our nation and honoured them. Here in Canada today, our war vets struggle to get the medical care they need, or the financial support to live. It is a national disgrace.
I remember when patriotism included the singing of our National Anthem, and the recitation of The Lord’s Prayer every morning in school. We honoured both God and country. In 2017, Canada’s 150th anniversary, most public schools have banned those two exercises as being irrelevant and even offensive in our multi-cultural society.
As faithful church-goers, families in the 50’s and 60’s stood in church when Scripture was read, and everyone dressed in their “Sunday best” outfit to show respect in keeping the Sabbath Holy. We honoured and respected our Senior Pastor as God’s appointed under-shepherd. We understood the significance of gathering together for Worship. Now we criticize and complain if services go too long, or the songs are too traditional or too contemporary. We prioritize our attendance as casually as the way we dress in church. We critique the sermons and find fault with our brothers and sisters in Christ. Christian against Christian, we sow disunity amongst ourselves. We have become so “Seeker Sensitive”, we cater to an audience of the many rather than the Audience of The ONE.
Believer, how big does the “plank in the eye” have to be before we feel compelled to remove it?
What are we teaching our children about respect today?
It’s okay to tear down anything that offends us. That includes people, things, and ideas.
It’s okay to call the President of the United States a “bum” and hold up a replica of his severed head as a joke on social media.
It’s okay to disrespect the flags and national anthems of our two countries by kneeling instead of standing at sporting events.
It’s okay to bully and name-call those whom we do not agree with.
Am I hitting a nerve yet?
Our two countries were founded on God. Many would like to negate that now, but go back in history to the writing of the U.S. Constitution and Canada’s Charter, the supremacy of God is not disputed but applauded in both documents! In our selfish societies, where me-first attitudes pervade every thought we think, we are unable to center our wills around a sovereign God. It goes against our self-satisfying natures to be controlled in any manner by those in authority over us, be it parents, employers, law-makers, civic, provincial or national leaders, let alone GOD. It all stems from a serious lack of respect for ANYONE in power. God is maligned more than ever among secular humanists, who deny His existence or His dominion. Little to no respect is shown to fellow-man, so it is not surprising that man’s Creator would also be shown little to no respect. It will be to our own undoing!
So, I am taking a stand.
I am standing up for what I believe in; the values I hold dear. I want my children and my grandchildren to know that in the midst of all this dissension and lack of respect they see in the world around them today, there are truly things we can STAND up for. Though the inevitable criticism will come, we can STAND firm knowing our beliefs are trustworthy and built on the rock-solid foundation of Jesus Christ.
I STAND… to show that I am a follower of Jesus Christ. He is my Saviour and my Lord. There is NO ONE and NOTHING else worthy of my worship and praise. If I must bow my knee, it is in reverence and prayer to Him only. 1 Chronicles 16:7-36
I STAND… to acknowledge that the Bible is the inerrant Word of God. 2 Timothy 3:16
I STAND… to acknowledge that “In his heart a man plans his course, but the LORD determines his steps.” Proverbs 16:9
I STAND… in support of family and to uphold the traditional marriage union between a man and woman in the bonds of Holy Matrimony. Genesis 2:22-24
I STAND… to acknowledge that I believe in the sanctity of all human life from conception forward. Jeremiah 1:5
I STAND…to acknowledge that every individual of every colour, race or nationality is a child of God and is worthy of love and respect. Romans 8:14-17
I STAND…to give thanks to God for the law-givers and public officials who seek to lead, despite criticism and complaint, so that the laws of our land are upheld and respected. Romans 13:1-5
I STAND…to show patriotic respect for my country’s flag and national anthem. 1 Peter 2:13-17
I STAND… and salute the brave men and women who have paid the ultimate sacrifice for my freedom. This includes veterans, first responders, police, fire and rescue and the many more exemplary individuals who have put themselves in harm’s way for others. Isaiah 61:1-3
I STAND…to show my respect.
Who will stand with me? | <urn:uuid:574b1b28-eaa6-4e4c-b4d4-5d2d5337ed9e> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:12:29",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9547670483589172,
"score": 2.515625,
"token_count": 1593,
"url": "https://lynndove.com/2017/09/27/i-stand-to-show-my-respect/?replytocom=37753"
} |
Not all fat is bad for you. In fact, some fats are crucial for good health. While it's important to limit your fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of your calories, it's also important to ensure that within this range you're mostly eating a variety and balance of "good" fats and not "bad" fats. Saturated fat and trans fat are the two "bad" fats. Together they should make up no more than 10 percent of your total calories and are best avoided altogether.
Too much saturated fat increases your cholesterol levels, raises the risk of blood clots, atherosclerosis (artery blockage), and coronary heart disease. Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products such as whole milk, cheese, butter, cream, fatty meats, sausages, and also in processed foods. Coconut, palm and other tropical oils are the only plant foods that contain significant amounts of saturated fat. Saturated fats are usually solid or waxy at room temperature.
This fat also raises blood cholesterol levels and increases the risk of heart disease. Trans fat is formed when hydrogen is added to liquid vegetable oils making them more solid – a process called hydrogenation. Trans fat is found mostly in commercial baked goods and fried foods, and in shortenings and margarines that are labeled “hydrogenated” or “partially hydrogenated”. | <urn:uuid:567cf128-279d-4052-af0b-fb3b25885bab> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:38:00",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9645940661430359,
"score": 3.5625,
"token_count": 279,
"url": "https://m.calorieking.com/learnabouts/Which-Fats-Are-Bad-Fats_MTAxMA.html"
} |
Language arts encompasses many facets of reading and writing, starting in pre-kindergarten and continuing all the way through high school and beyond.
For some students (and parents or teachers), vocabulary, spelling, grammar, and creative writing come naturally, while others find language arts to be more difficult to grasp.
Whether your child or student loves to read and write, or struggles and doesn’t enjoy it, incorporating creativity and fun into the learning process makes it more pleasant for everyone, and makes it much more likely that your student will succeed.
Here are some suggestions for how to make language arts fun:
1. Incorporate humor
Choose stories with surprising plot twists. Have students practice writing their own jokes. High school students can watch a television sitcom (from several decades ago, perhaps) and summarize the plot or review an episode. Making a difficult subject seem more lighthearted can change a child’s perspective on it.
2. Tell their own story
Personal writing is powerful because it gives each person a voice and limitless subject matter. The youngest students can begin to do this by keeping a daily journal, where they write down the date, weather, and anything else that’s on their mind. Be prepared to give a variety of guided prompts to help them get started!
As kids get older, assigning personal essays and autobiographical stories can help make the writing process more instinctive for them. Personal writing doesn’t just have to be autobiographical, either; it can also be a way to explore interests and hobbies, helping students learn to research a topic before writing about it.
3. Choose their own
Allowing kids to decide what they want to read encourages them to love reading for its own sake. Giving them a choice in what to write about does the same. While it’s important for them to stretch themselves also, make sure you’re giving your child or student plenty of opportunities to read and write what genuinely interests them.
4. Play games
Grammar, vocabulary, and spelling all lend themselves to game-playing! Here are some ideas:
- Grammar Games from Education.com
- 11 Vocab Games to Make the Learning Stick from We Are Teachers
- 35 Spelling Games for Students of All Ages from Top Notch Teaching
5. Write stories based on illustrations
Artistic-minded kids will probably enjoy writing a story or description to go along with a picture. If you can work with your student one-on-one, you can help them write a story to go along with an entire book, such as the wordless children’s book Tuesday.
To get your toddlers and preschoolers started on early language arts skills, don’t forget to check out our alphabet placemats that can help them with letter and sound recognition!
OUR NEW ARRIVALS | <urn:uuid:b0be39ce-82c1-48c5-9866-c9773cdb96f2> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:22:49",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9408872723579407,
"score": 4.1875,
"token_count": 586,
"url": "https://merkastore.com/blogs/learning-club/can-language-arts-be-fun-here-are-some-helpful-hints"
} |
Developer Guides Getting Started Getting Started What is a Graph Database? Intro to Graph DBs Video Series Concepts: RDBMS to Graph Concepts: NoSQL to Graph Getting Started Resources Neo4j Graph Platform Graph Platform Overview Neo4j Desktop Intro Neo4j Browser Intro… Read more →
Tutorial: Build a Cypher Recommendation Engine
This guide shows how to use the relationships in your data to gather insights and recommend new entities that do not currently have a direct relationship based on the other relationships and network in the graph.
You should have a basic understanding of the property graph model. Having Neo4j Desktop downloaded and installed will allow you code along with the examples.
This tutorial explains how to use a basic dataset of Actors acting in Movies in a graph database to show recommendations for other actors to work with or similar movies to watch.
By following the meaningful relationships between the people and movies, you can determine occurences of actors working together, the frequency of actors working with one another, and the movies they have in common in the graph. This structure forms the basis for many recommendation engines.
Once you have a running instance of Neo4j, you populate the movie dataset by typing
:play movie graph into the Neo4j Browser command line and clicking the play button ().
Go to the second slide (using the right arrow) of the pane that appears below the command line, click the query, and run it.
You should see a result pane in Neo4j like the one below.
This data has been created and stored in the database so we can query it. The next section will show you how to write some queries to explore the data you just created.
Before we start recommending things, we need to find out what is interesting in our data to see what kinds of things we can and want to recommend. To start, let us run a query like this to find a single actor like Tom Hanks.
Now that we found an actor we are interested in, we can retrieve all his movies by starting from the
Tom Hanks node and following the
Your results should look like a graph.
Of course, Tom has colleagues who acted with him in his movies. A statement to find Tom’s co-actors looks like this:
We can now turn the co-actor query above into a recommendation query by following those relationships another step out to find the “co-co-actors”, i.e. the second-degree actors in Tom’s network. This will show us all the actors Tom may not have worked with yet, and we can specify a criteria to be sure he hasn’t directly acted with that person.
You probably noticed that a few names appear multiple times. This is because there are multiple paths to follow from Tom Hanks to these actors.
To see which co-co-actors appear most often in Tom’s network, we can take frequency of occurrences into account by counting the number of paths between Tom Hanks and each coCoActor and ordering them by highest to lowest value.
One of those “co-co-actors” is Tom Cruise. Now let’s see which movies and actors are between the two Toms so we can find out who can introduce them.
As you can see, this returns multiple paths. If you have ever played the six degrees of Kevin Bacon game, this concept of seeing how many hops exist between people is exactly what graphs depict. You will notice that our results even return a path with Kevin Bacon himself.
With these two simple Cypher statements, we already created two recommendation algorithms – who to meet/work with next and how to meet them.
You could apply the same ideas you learned here to many other uses for recommending products and services, finding restaurants or activities you might like, or connecting with other colleagues who share similar interests of skills. We will mention a few specifically here with resources you can use to find more information.
We have a graph of a few friends with their favorite restaurants, cuisines, and locations.
A practical question to answer here, formulated as a graph search, is:
How could we translate that into the appropriate Cypher statement?
Other factors that can be easily integrated in this query are favorites, allergies, ratings, and distance from my current position. | <urn:uuid:d9782a0e-4bc7-44df-ad96-246a4556e5a1> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:07:40",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9545994400978088,
"score": 2.75,
"token_count": 893,
"url": "https://neo4j.com/developer/guide-build-a-recommendation-engine/"
} |
Mosquitoes and related insects can carry a range of disease-causing pathogens that affect farm animals. During the wet season, mosquitoes serve as the primary source of infection on various farm animals including poultry birds. Mosquitoes spread diseases by ingesting disease pathogens when they feed on infected birds and transmit them to healthy birds. Thus during the rainy season and in mosquito infected areas, farmers are advised to protect themselves and their poultry birds from mosquito bites. Farmers should not wait until their poultry birds show symptoms of infection to act. Farmers should be proactive and prevent disease-causing pathogens from multiplying, as it is rather difficult and expensive to treat an infected flock.
Poultry diseases caused by mosquitoes:
The most common poultry disease transmitted by mosquitoes to poultry is referred to as Fowl Pox. Fowl Pox differs from Chicken Pox that affects humans. The main symptoms of Fowl Pox are lesions observed on the featherless parts of the bird such as on combs, wattles, ear lobes, eyes and around the beak, etc. It should be noted that mosquitoes could harbour the virus for a month or more after feeding on infected birds and eventually play a significant role in spreading the virus from one flock to another. Affected young birds are stunted in growth whereas laying birds experience a drop in egg production. Poultry birds of all ages that have oral or respiratory system infections as a result of the disease have difficulty eating and breathing, and thus poor appetite can be observed among the infected flock.
Prevention & control:
Poultry farmers are advised to make all efforts to reduce the risk of poultry bird exposure to mosquitoes. Although, it may be nearly impossible to completely prevent poultry birds from being bitten by mosquitoes, exposure should be minimized at all cost. Prevention should start with the clearing of grass around the coop and the disposal of old tins, tyres, and other forms of garbage that can hold water, as stagnant water can become a breeding site for mosquitoes. Farmers can also smoke their poultry coop with traditional herbs such as the boiling of mango leaves, bitter bush, etc. Alternatively, synthetic remedies available in shops can also be used.
Vaccination is also considered effective, which can be performed using wing–web vaccination methods. The vaccination of broilers against this disease is usually not required unless there is a history of fowl pox outbreaks on the farm. Poultry birds are vaccinated against fowl pox when the birds are six to ten weeks of age. One application of fowl pox vaccine results in permanent immunity.
In conclusion, farmers should take note that there is no treatment for this condition. The disease may resolve itself. Thus, it is imperative for farmers to control any mosquito infestation and sanitize their premises. The virus is highly resistant in dried scabs and may survive for months on contaminated premises. Moreover, poultry birds showing unusual symptoms should be isolated to avoid cross-infection to healthy birds. Sick birds should be promptly reported to the nearest veterinarian for disease confirmation, as most poultry diseases have similar clinical signs and require experts that can perform differential disease diagnosis.
*This article is compiled by Emilie Abraham, Technical Officer within Agribank’s Agri Advisory Services Division.
New Era Reporter
2019-02-26 10:07:24 | 10 months ago | <urn:uuid:fdedd44f-dca9-4e41-97b6-a777539a9b71> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:55:20",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9553663730621338,
"score": 3.640625,
"token_count": 677,
"url": "https://neweralive.na/posts/mosquitoes-cause-sickness-in-poultry-birds"
} |
Ecce Homo by Frans Franken the Younger (Antwerp, 1581-1642) Flemish, late 16th-early 17th century, oil on copper. Ecce Homo, “behold the man,” are the Latin words used by Pontius Pilate in John 19:5 when he presents Jesus to the crowd before his crucifixion. It is a common scene in Christian art in which Christ is gowned in a robe and wearing the crown of thorns. Ecce Homo by Frans Franken the Younger depicts Christ in a dark robe wearing the crown of thorns with bound hands, being presented by a soldier, and mocked by a common man as Pontius Pilate announces the crucifixion. Frans Franken the Younger was an accomplished painter of cabinet-size paintings. He was a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke which allowed him to sell his art and have an apprentice. Today his work can be found in museums such as the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and the National Gallery of Art in London. | <urn:uuid:d5b65b20-0a5f-4431-bff0-180f5a696e45> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:22:09",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9778875708580017,
"score": 3.109375,
"token_count": 217,
"url": "https://nicolomelissaantiques.com/product/frans-franken-the-younger-ecce-homo/"
} |
Basia’s question: “I was proofing a paper for a grad student, and we wondered what the difference is between the terms ‘for instance’ and ‘for example’ in a sentence.”
BizWritingTip response: According to the Oxford Dictionary, for instance is defined “as an example.” For example means “by way of illustration.”
In theory, for instance is used for a specific illustration. For example is used to describe a real or theoretical case when there are also other possible types.
What should we do in case of an emergency, for instance, a fire? (This is a specific situation.)
You will be tested on computer programs, for example, Word and PowerPoint. (There are other types of programs not mentioned.)
In practice, the words are used interchangeably.
Note: The abbreviation, e.g., may be used for both for example and for instance. | <urn:uuid:0bef94ff-33bf-457a-966c-18d75c0f9ac5> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:06:50",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9128917455673218,
"score": 3.671875,
"token_count": 201,
"url": "https://ontariotraining.net/for-example-versus-for-instance/"
} |
Fair Trade & Co-ops: Setting Global Standards of Respect
What is Fair Trade?
What do coffee, chocolate, gold, cotton, and bananas have in common? At first glance, not much- but these are some of the most popular goods produced internationally and then sold in the United States. There’s also a good chance these products are used in your everyday routine: brewing a cup of morning coffee, getting dressed in your favorite shirt, sliding a special ring on your finger. But, do you know where your staple items came from? Who farmed the coffee beans for your latte, or who mined the gold for your wedding band?
Discussions and statistics about international trade are buzzing around the internet and “Fair Trade” labels can be easily spotted in grocery stores or online shops, but many consumers are still disconnected with the origin of their purchases. Low prices are tempting and it’s easy to overlook the ethical cost of producing mass quantities of retail. Learning about unethical trade practices and understanding how Fair Trade can be used as an alternative business model can help consumers make better decisions at the register.
Advancements in technology are making transactions easier than ever before. Convenient online shopping experiences make checking out as easy as one click, and shoppers can receive their purchase without ever coming in contact with another human. This automation continues to push consumers farther and farther away from who is actually creating the goods that are being purchased. For this reason, it is increasingly important for people to know where their products come from, and who is benefiting from the money used to purchase each item.
Unfortunately, and in many cases, small farmers from third world countries are working long hours and under hazardous conditions to produce a product that will be sold in the U.S. Despite their hard work, these producers have little to no say in the value of the product and struggle to maintain support for their families. The majority of the money you spend on conventionally traded items will go to the retailer and the middlemen; leaving the person who actually did the work to bring that item to your basket with far too little income.
When something is labeled as “Fair Trade”, it means the people who make the product and the buyers who bring the product to market in the U.S. are following the standards outlined by a Fair Trade organization. These standards may differ slightly depending on the certifying organization, but always exist to improve trade by promoting economic and environmental sustainability and respect.
How is Fair Trade #Cooperative?
Fair Trade workers aren’t left to fend for themselves among large corporations and middle-men. They are part of a co-op! Through the co-op, they can access credit to help grow their business, connect directly with buyers to negotiate the value of their goods, and connect with other workers in their trade to help one another grow. This video from FairTrade Canada does a great job explaining the meaning of Fair Trade and illustrates how a FairTrade coffee farmer co-op succeeds by working together. | <urn:uuid:fa01064f-8fa7-41af-a116-722da8c8f181> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:57:28",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9597061276435852,
"score": 3.171875,
"token_count": 617,
"url": "https://openharvest.coop/fair-trade-co-ops-setting-global-standards-of-respect/"
} |
Whether it's a family member who shares your PC or a guest who wants to use it for a few hours, it is always good to create separate accounts for each individual user. This allows users to personalize their Windows environment and to have their own private space where they can store their documents, pictures, videos and other personal data. You can also restrict these additional user accounts from performing administrative tasks such as installing new software or changing some settings.
You can add a new user to a Windows 10 computer using their Microsoft account or as a local user account if they don't already have (or cannot get in case of a child) a Microsoft account.
To create a local user account in Windows 10,
- Click or Tap on Start → Settings → Accounts.
Select Family & Other Users.
- Click Add someone else to this PC.
- Click on the link I don't have this person's sign-in information.
Click the link Add a user without a Microsoft account.
Enter a Username and Password for the new account.
- Selct security questions and answers which will be used in case you forget your password.
- Click Next. A new user account will be created and it will appear under Other Users
Click on the new account name and select Change account type.
You can set the account type to Administrator or Standard User and click OK.
To sign-in with the new account, click Start button and then click on the User icon. On the pop-up menu, click Switch User.
Sign-in the with new username and password. | <urn:uuid:61f69b10-3c3c-4fb2-b107-e03a4760649a> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:08:28",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.90020352602005,
"score": 2.703125,
"token_count": 322,
"url": "https://opentechguides.com/how-to/article/windows-10/187/windows-10-local-account.html"
} |
Trenching and excavation are widely recognized as among the most hazardous construction operations, resulting in an average of two deaths per month and hundreds of injuries each year due to trench collapses. OSHA has addressed construction-related trenching and excavation hazards by developing specific safety standards for the construction industry, making the requirements easier to understand and providing construction employers with various options for classifying soil and selecting employee protection methods.
OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity, trench or depression in the earth’s surface formed by earth removal. A trench is defined as a narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground with a depth greater than its width and a maximum width of 15 feet at the bottom.
The primary hazard of trenching and excavation is the potential for collapse. Since one cubic yard of soil can weigh as much as a car, cave-ins pose the greatest risk and are much more likely than other excavation-related accidents to result in worker fatalities or serious injury. An unprotected trench can literally become an early grave. Additional excavation hazards include the use of heavy machinery for digging; electrical hazards from overhead and underground power-lines; underground utilities, such as natural gas; falling loads; and hazardous atmospheres.
Excavation Protective Systems
Trenches 5 feet deep or greater require a protective system unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock. Trenches 20 feet deep or greater require that the protective system be designed by or based on data prepared and/or approved by a registered professional engineer.
A variety of protective systems can be utilized to reduce or eliminate trenching and excavation hazards, including:
- Benching – cutting the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels, or steps, usually with vertical or near vertical surfaces between levels;
- Sloping – cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined away from the excavation;
- Shoring – installing aluminum hydraulic or other types of supports to prevent soil movement;
- Shielding – using trench boxes or similar types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins.
Among the many factors to be considered in the design of protective systems are: soil classification, depth of cut, water content of soil, changes due to weather or climate, surcharge loads (e.g., other materials to be used in the trench) and other operations in the vicinity.
OSHA requires safe access and egress for employees working in trench excavations 4 feet or deeper, such as ladders, steps, ramps or other safe means of to be located within 25 feet of all workers.
General Trenching and Excavation Rules
When working in or near a trenching and excavation site, the following steps should be taken:
- Keep heavy equipment away from trench edges
- Keep surcharge loads, including excavated soil (spoils) and other materials, at least 2 feet from trench edges
- Know where underground utilities are located before digging
- Test for atmospheric hazards such as low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases in trenches deeper than 4 feet
- Inspect trenches at the start of each shift
- Inspect trenches following a rainstorm
- Inspect trenches after any occurrence that could have changed conditions in the trench
- Do not work under suspended or raised loads and materials
About the OSHA Training Center
The OSHA Training Center at Chabot-Las Positas Community College District offers high quality Occupational Safety & Health Administration standards-based training for construction, maritime and general industry at its Center in Dublin, California, as well as locations throughout California, Arizona, Nevada, Hawaii and Guam. Programs offered include OSHA safety standards, Outreach Trainer courses, Cal/OSHA standards curriculum, environmental courses and customized on-site safety training. Upcoming courses include Excavation, Trenching and Soil Mechanics and Managing Excavation Hazards. For more information, including a complete course schedule, visit the OSHA Training Center website or call (866) 936-OSHA (6742). | <urn:uuid:94eef143-fa18-43db-b468-82e1a8c62843> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:14:26",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.931164026260376,
"score": 3.546875,
"token_count": 816,
"url": "https://osha4you.com/tips/trenching-and-excavation-safety-a-top-priority-on-construction-sites/"
} |
Dehumanisation and “super-humanisation” are two sides of the same coin serving a racist agenda. Dehumanisation is the process by which conscious and unconscious bias leads people to see a racial minority as less human – less worthy of respect, dignity, love, peace and protection. Psychology research finds that White police officers and young White students are more likely to see Black children as young as 10 years of age as being less worthy of protection and inviting violence in comparison to White children. Super-humanisation is on the other end of the dehumanisation continuum. It is when majority groups harbour latent ideas that minorities have special qualities or powers that make them less deserving of bodily consideration and pain relief. Research finds that White people have a tendency to see Black people as being stronger and therefore more able to withstand pain. These two twin processes, that place Black people outside of humanity, are steeped in colonial practices and they contribute to excessive policing and violence aimed at Black bodies. There are implications of dehumanisation and super-humanisation on the ongoing events in Ferguson. This social science research speaks to the issues raised by the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Continue reading Dehumanisation, Superhumanisation and Racism
A UK study of 10,000 people aged over 50 years of age finds that older people who report being unhappy are three times more likely to die (over the study’s nine year period) and they are more likely to have adverse health outcomes than people who report being happy. Strong social networks also correlates with overall happiness as well as with better health outcomes.
Self-report measures of happiness are problematic because the concept of happiness is subjective – people may report being unhappy because they already suffer poor health, so there is no direct cause and effect relationship as reported in this article. Nevertheless, making people more aware of the relationship between psychological well being and physical health is always useful.
Philosopher of Social Science, Daniel Little, provides a nice overview on some of the problems with agent-based modelling and how models might be improved with a more nuanced understanding of historical relations between social actors. Little encourages social modellers to go beyond the economic rationalist principles which dominate this field. He sketches how sociological insights might improve computational models of human behaviour:
“So maybe the great centers for complexity studies around the country would be well advised to begin including anthropologists and cultural sociologists within their research teams. And maybe the result will be a fertile marriage of modeling with greater cultural specificity.”
Photographer Steve Simonsen has captured this astonishing video of hermit crabs at Nanny Point at St. John in the Virgin Islands. Read this interesting research from Tufts University which shows that hermit crabs exhibit social networking behaviour. Sometimes there aren’t enough shells for hermit crabs to climb into, or in some cases the only available shells are too big. In such cases, hermit crabs will wait until a larger crab approaches and they “piggyback” along, picking up other crabs, and forming “chains.”
Last week, the Facebook Data Team released its social network analysis research, Anatomy of Facebook (on Facebook of course!). They have annotated their algorithms in two academic papers The Anatomy of the Facebook Social Graph and Four Degrees of Separation. Facebook claims their data show that connectivity between people around the world has dramatically increased – so much so that we are only four links away from someone in the most remote part of the world, whether that is a tundra or rainforest. A sociological look at the data dispels this notion. Despite its impressive sample, which includes 721 million active Facebook users and their “69 billion friendships”, Facebook’s findings replicate widely-held sociological knowledge about the way people form social ties. Nonetheless, Facebook’s data has great potential to address important social questions, if we can just set aside those pesky social science concerns about research ethics, informed consent and privacy…
Facebook’s study has an extraordinary sample of ‘active users’ representing one tenth of the world’s population The term active user is defined by Johan Ugander and colleagues in one of the aforementioned academic papers. This refers to someone with at least one friend who had logged on once in the past 28 days from the study’s commencement in May 2011. This is less frequent than the Facebook’s company definition of an active user, but the divergent definitions are not explained. For the record, Facebook currently reports it has 800 million active users and 50 percent of them log in at least once a day. Lars Backstrom, computer scientist and one of the Facebook Data Team’s lead researchers in this study, reports on the aims and key findings. The Team found that only around 10 percent of active users have less than 10 friends, while half have a median of 100 friends (the average is 190 friends). See below for more detail.
A new sociological study finds that unfollowing people on Twitter has little to do with frequency of interpersonal contact between two parties. Rather it has more to do with people who break specific social norms of Twitterverse etiquette. This got me thinking about the unique aspects of Twitter connections, as well as the ways in which unfollowing on Twitter might be similar to the way other social networks operate offline.
The International Data Group has blogged about a study by Professor Sue B. Moon from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. Moon took daily snapshots of 1.2 million Korean-speaking Twitter users for 51 days and she also conducted 22 in-depth interviews to get a qualitative understanding of their behaviour. Moon’s study finds that 43 percent of active users ‘unfollow’ someone at least once in 51 days. The average person unfollows 15 to 16 people in that time period. According to the article, people are more likely to be unfollowed when the relationship is: | <urn:uuid:31f3c5d6-c57b-4ed4-8d99-16207c1227ef> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:44:43",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9493981599807739,
"score": 3.1875,
"token_count": 1217,
"url": "https://othersociologist.com/tag/social-networks/"
} |
It also prompted a shift away from future-oriented worrying and helped people focus on the present.
People who suffer from anxiety are often plagued by repetitive thoughts, which can distract from the task at hand and affect mood and productivity. But a new study suggests that just 10 minutes of daily meditation can help reduce episodes of mind wandering, especially for people who report high levels of emotional stress.
Previous research has found that meditation can help prevent “off-task thinking” in healthy individuals, but this study, published in the journal Consciousness and Cognition, aimed to determine the benefits of mindfulness specifically as they relate to anxiety.
Researchers from the University of Waterloo asked 82 college students, all of whom met the clinical criteria for anxiety, to perform a monotonous computer task that measured their ability to stay focused. At random points throughout, the participants were asked to reveal their thoughts “just prior to this moment.”
Then they divided the participants into two groups: One listened to an excerpt from The Hobbit, and the other listened to a 10-minute meditation that instructed them to focus on breathing and “remain open-minded to their experience.” (You can listen to the same recording, called Mindfulness of Body and Breath, here.)
The groups then repeated the computer task. This time, 43 percent of thoughts in the meditation group were considered “mind wandering,” meaning they weren’t related to the task or to things going on around them, down slightly from 44 percent in the pre-test.
In the group that listened to the audio story, the percentage of mind-wandering thoughts actually increased—from 35 percent in the pre-test to 55 percent in the post-test.
The meditation group also reported a significant decrease in “future-oriented thoughts,” from 35 percent before the mindfulness exercise to 25 percent after. This could indicate a shift in thinking from internal worries (about tomorrow’s exam, for example) to things going on around them in the moment (say, a dirty computer monitor or a flickering light), the authors say. That’s important, because stressing about future events is a hallmark of anxiety.
And while meditation didn’t reduce all forms of off-task thinking in the study (like being distracted by external stimuli), it did appear to lessen performance disruptions associated with those thoughts. Both groups also experienced a decrease in negative emotions between the pre-test and the post-test.
“In short, meditation is beneficial in both improving mood and helping people stay focused in their thoughts and also behaviors,” says lead author and PhD student Mengran Xu. “The two do go together.”
Mind wandering accounts for almost half of humans’ daily stream of consciousness, Xu adds. It can cause us to make errors on everyday tasks, like mailing an envelope without its contents, but it’s also been associated with an increased risk of injury and death while driving, difficulties in school, and impaired performance in everyday life. | <urn:uuid:d836c23c-3f2d-482b-bdad-77f3263b60d1> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:29:50",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.95420241355896,
"score": 3.203125,
"token_count": 622,
"url": "https://ourbetterhealth.org/2017/06/11/just-10-minutes-of-meditation-boosts-mood-and-focus-for-people-with-anxiety/"
} |
While muscular dystrophy (MD) used to define a single type of muscle disorder, it now encompasses more than 150 genetic subtypes of muscular diseases. At least that many genes are associated with progressive muscle disorders, and in the past 20 years, physicians have experienced an explosion in their knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of MD and disorder subtypes. For example, in the case of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), the fourth most common type of genetic muscle disease, scientists used to recognize only a single overarching category; now, there are at least 50 genes identified in causing disorders in a limb-girdle distribution, leading to a more refined classification and specific treatment options.
Penn State Hershey Medical Center conducts a large amount of clinical research in the genetic roots of muscle disease, and is internationally-renowned for its clinical expertise in LGMD, according to Matthew P. Wicklund, M.D., professor of neurology and pediatrics. In fact, after reviewing more than 3,000 articles over four years, Wicklund, along with nine other experts, published a definitive guideline on diagnosis and management of LGMD in October 2014.1 Many acquired and genetic muscle diseases present as weakness in the hip girdle, thighs, shoulder girdle and proximal arms, the classic “limb-girdle” pattern.2 Part of Wicklund’s responsibility is to further subtype those patients.
This genetic classification is important for several reasons, says Wicklund. “To clarify the pattern of inheritance for future generations, one must know if the patient has dominantly- or recessively-inherited MD,” he continues. Additionally, despite not yet having treatments for the underlying musculoskeletal components of MD, they do for cardiac or pulmonary involvement, which is associated with approximately 50 percent of MD genetic subtypes. Finally, precise genetic classification of MD can help clinicians avoid unnecessary treatments and lead to proactive management of the disease, such as physical and occupational therapy, pacemaker-defibrillators for arrhythmias, and noninvasive positive airway pressure for ventilatory failure.2
At Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Institute, specialists treat nearly 500 MD patients per year, with a relatively even mix of adult and pediatric patients. The Institute is working with a genetic testing organization to determine the prevalence of LGMD in the United States (close to 5,000 patients) and is involved in numerous clinical trials, including gene therapy, likely to be a viable pathway for treatment in all types of MD. Wicklund views the expansion in genetic diagnoses as one of the most important recent developments in MD care, and is eager to explore the ability to translate this information into genetic modifications that could potentially alter the course of these diseases.
Matthew P. Wicklund, M.D.
Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
FELLOWSHIP: Neuromuscular Medicine, Ohio State University
Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
RESIDENCY: Neurology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland, Texas
MEDICAL SCHOOL: University of Colorado School of Medicine,
- Narayanaswami P, Weiss M, Selcen D, David W, Raynor E, Carter G, Wicklund M, Barohn RJ, Ensrud E, Griggs RC, Gronseth G, Amato AA. Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Evidence-based guideline summary: diagnosis and treatment of limb-girdle and distal dystrophies: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the practice issues review panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Neurology. 2014;83:1453-1463.
- Wicklund MP, Kissel JT. The Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies. Neurol Clin 32 (2014);729–749.
- Wicklund MP. The Muscular Dystrophies, Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(6):1535–1570. | <urn:uuid:a02ee478-611f-4aa2-97c3-58fd59b7df15> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:46:58",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8954795002937317,
"score": 3.1875,
"token_count": 870,
"url": "https://pennstatehersheyneuroreport.org/2016/01/05/genetic-research-leads-to-advances-in-muscular-dystrophy/"
} |
What basic metaphysics should every philosophy student know?
The etymology of the term should suffice.
"Metaphysics" is not a term which either Plato or Aristotle used. It originated with Andronicus of Rhodes (~150CE). Lacking a significantly coherent statement in the beginning of the writings to work with, as would have been customary for a title in his day, Rhodes' organizing principle for the extant works of Aristotle (essentially categorizing a hodgepodge into a collection) was simply that they were placed on the shelf after the books on physics: ta meta ta physika biblia, i.e. "the books that come after the books on physics." Only later was this categorical placeholder naming considered taxonomic and thus began a pernicious history of metaphysicians soliciting agreement with weltanschauung and proferring the hermeneutical as if it were heuristic - all under the banner and misnomer of "philosophy".
See also: The Origin of "Metaphysics"
by Anton-Hermann Chroust
The Review of Metaphysics
Vol. 14, No. 4 (Jun., 1961), pp. 601-616
To be clear, philosophy - and this for 2500+ years - translates to "love of wisdom". "Love" in the context of initial utterance was akin to "respect", "virtue" or "reverence" - nothing to do with notions of romantic love common today. To the point, however, philosophy distinguished itself from sophistry and the professional counsel of wise people (think of lawyers, financial managers, doctors and such today) whose "wisdom" was often dispensed relative to the monetary or political circumstance available with its authority.
What then is wisdom apart from those deemed wise enough to dispense it? Some have said wisdom is the intelligent application of knowledge. This may be so, however, intelligent according to whom - and who would be the arbiter? No, wisdom simply obtains knowledge. And that is all. Philosophy is the virtue of obtaining knowledge; philosophy is respect and reverence for obtaining knowledge.
What then is knowledge? Knowledge is empirical verification of what is (else how do you "know" what is?) of which there are three kinds:
1) axiomatic, or self-evident knowledge, e.g. "2+2=4" or "all dividends require financing"
2) empirical knowledge, e.g. "brute" facts (pace Anscombe) such as "the Earth is ~93 million miles from the Sun" or "institutional" facts such as "Obama is President"
3) self-knowledge, e.g. "I feel glad"
At first glance, it might seem circular or redundant to consider "empirical knowledge" as "empirical(ly) empirical verification of what is" but I can only ask that you consider that it is just really, really basic. Think about it, eh? Is there any good reason to presume otherwise, much less entertain non-illuminating skepticism regarding the senses? It might wreak havoc with the outliers that we are all deceived by an "evil demon" but we did not build the internet by wondering if we are merely batteries for the matrix... So, ask yourself: do you "know" that Obama is President if you have not empirically verified the statement corresponding to what is the case in the world? Do you "know" that you feel fine if you have not empirically verified yourself feeling fine? Do you "know" 2+2=4 if you have not observed the calculation of, having done the calculation, what is a self-evidenced truth that 4=2+2 is 2+2=4? If you must, you can consider that which is observationally verifiable when it is verified by observation to be empirical knowledge: in short the world is that which is empirically verifiable (read: known).
Even so, is it possible for anyone to suggest some very basic concepts
(especially ones more relevant to Greek philosophy)? Or introductory
books on metaphysics?
The domains of philosophy are epistemology and ontology. In addition to studying logic, reason and rhetoric, if you are interested in the ancients, then you would do well to learn ancient Greek. Lastly, consider that it is logically impossible to know the past. | <urn:uuid:cb75fed4-8cb6-4ee7-9942-7b341a1e3c29> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:19:05",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9543396234512329,
"score": 2.796875,
"token_count": 909,
"url": "https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/10534/what-basic-metaphysics-should-every-philosophy-student-know?noredirect=1"
} |
Protein study finds clues to microbes' survival techniques
When humans gather in communities, they specialize and adapt. Farmers grow crops and raise animals for food based on the area’s climate and soil. Builders fashion structures engineered to keep their inhabitants warm in winter and cool in summer. Physicians tend to the sick; police and firefighters protect the public.
Communities of microorganisms, researchers are finding, exhibit very similar behavior – genetically evolving, specializing and cooperating in ways that allow them to adapt to extreme conditions of temperature, acidity, toxicity and pressure.
In the first comprehensive study of gene expression in a microbial community from an “extreme” natural environment, scientists from Lawrence Livermore and Oak Ridge national laboratories, the University of California, Berkeley, and Xavier University in New Orleans have identified more than 2,000 proteins produced by five key species in the community. More than 500 of the proteins – chains of amino acids linked together in an order specified by a gene's DNA sequence – appear to be unique to the community, which thrives in hot, highly acidic conditions in an Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site at an abandoned mine at Iron Mountain, Calif. A report on the research, “Community proteomics of a natural microbial biofilm,” appears online today in Science Express.
“This is the first effort to accumulate information on genes that are expressed within a natural community, and one that has a major environmental impact,” said Michael Thelen, a protein biochemist at Lawrence Livermore. “One of the most interesting things we found is that there are large numbers of proteins that don’t resemble any other proteins we know about. Many are enzymes that function to maintain the correct structure of other proteins that are exposed to the unusually harsh acidic environment.”
The Iron Mountain microbial community, which consists of bacteria and archaea, has been under study for nine years by a research team lead by Jill Banfield , professor of earth and planetary science and of environmental science, policy and management at UC Berkeley. Last year it became the first microbial community characterized at the genetic level through large-scale genome sequencing at the DOE Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek, Calif.
“This work illustrates the power of the genome sequencing done at the Department of Energy’s Joint Genome Institute to contribute to understanding the microbiological communities living at contaminated sites,” said Dr. Raymond L. Orbach, Director of DOE’s Office of Science. “Now scientists can investigate not only the ‘community genome,’ but also the resulting ‘community proteome’ for enzymes and pathways that can help clean up some of the worst environmental sites in the nation. This underscores the value of basic research carried out by the DOE Genomics:GTL Program that can develop novel approaches and solutions to national challenges."
The microorganisms, known as "extremophiles" for their affinity to harsh environments, grow as a biofilm at the Richmond Mine near Redding in Northern California. The complex interaction of microbes, water and exposed ore at the mine has generated dangerously high levels of sulfuric acid and toxic heavymetals, known as acid mine drainage. A pH level of 7 is considered neutral and most proteins prefer pH levels between 5 and 7. The water trickling from the mine has a pH of about 0.8 and a temperature of 107 degrees Fahrenheit.
The microbes are densely packed in the pink biofilm, which is just a few millimeters thick and floats on the surface of the mine water. The biofilm is a self-sustaining system, using carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere within the mine and deriving energy from iron that has been leached out of the iron sulfide rock, also known as pyrite or “fool’s gold.”
The researchers used an analytical technique called mass spectrometry to identify the proteins present in the biofilm, then correlated them with genes from each of the major organisms identified in the earlier genomic study. They found that many community functions, such as nitrogen fixation, are handled by specialized microbes.
“We found a cytochrome protein made in abundance by one bacterial member of the community, Leptospirillum Group II, that’s a key factor connecting the biology with the environmental surroundings – it’s likely the first step in iron oxidation through an electron capture by the cytochrome,” Thelen said. “We also found that a different bacterium, Leptospirillum Group III, apparently makes more of the polysaccharide that is needed as a matrix or housing material for the biofilm community.”
Thelen said researchers still have much to learn about the molecular mechanisms involved in assembling microbial communities, the partitioning of metabolic tasks within the communities, and how carbon, nitrogen and energy resources are allocated into metabolic pathways. The information could ultimately be useful for understanding the functioning of biofilms in a variety of environments, including some with implications for human health.
“These organisms have evolved to adapt to their specific environment,” Thelen said, “and as they invent new methods for doing this, they come up with genes that are different enough from other organisms to enable them to survive in that particular niche. We just have started to find how many of these genes are not understood. It’s just now coming to light how much of the genome is still a mystery.”
Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | <urn:uuid:0f3bb579-02bd-4a16-bd64-e67d7f7c069b> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:58:26",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9463517069816589,
"score": 3.828125,
"token_count": 1130,
"url": "https://phys.org/news/2005-05-protein-clues-microbes-survival-techniques.html"
} |
Social Communications as a Social Competence in the Concept of Washington University Researchers (USA)
The author proves the idea that social communications may be regarded as social competence in the concept of Washington University researchers such as P. Campbell, J. Sipersteyn, H. Craik, K. Dodge (USA). The use of dialectical method allowed the author to analyze social communications from the position of the dominant material basis, which includes adherence to the basic principles of dialectics. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization helped the author to choose the methodology that has been focused on the next procedures: analysis of the history of problem; formulation of the object, subject and purpose of study; a detailed description of the concept of social competence, which belongs to the researchers of Washington University; discrimination of identificative features of this concept; formulation of conclusions based on the results of the mentioned comparison.
According to the study, the author concludes that social communication explores communication competence or the ability for social actions of children affected by both innate and socially determined mental disorders, as well as the fact that social communications are considered in social interaction of children with autism. The author also found that for the convenience to analyze such interactions, the Washington School researchers proposed a model of social communicative competence. This model is used for studying the social communicative behavior and analyzes the actions, reflecting the ability of the child to social cognition and speech. The authors of social communicative competence model believe that the level of child’s social competence should be evaluated in the context of socially significant behaviors. It was also established the dependence of the degree of mastery the skills of social communication on executive functions, which mean the process of decision-making and planning, that occur at the beginning of getting the task or before the new challenge for children with autism.
Campbell, P. & Siperstein, G. (1994). Improving social competence: a resource for elementary school teachers. Needham heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, Simon & Schuster Education Group.
Chung, T. & Asher, S. (1996). Children's goals and strategies in peer conflict situations. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 42, 125-147.
Crick, N. & Dodge, K. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 75-104.
Gresham, F. (1998). Social skills training with children. In T. S. Watson & F. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of child behavior therapy (pp. 475-497). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Guralnick, M. J. (1999). Family and child influences on the peer-related social competence of young children with developmental delays. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 5, 21-29.
Kovarsky, D. & Damico, J. S. (1997). Language and context: Some issues of practice. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 28, 308-313.
Olswang, L., Coggins, T. & Timler, G. (2001). Outcome measures for school-age children with social communication problems. Topics in Language Disorders: Alternative Measures for Evaluating Treatment Outcomes, 22, 50-73.
Abstract views: 33 PDF Downloads: 91
Copyright (c) 2016 Psycholinguistics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:1eae9654-dbe6-4b01-b16a-5638b97970b1> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:55:18",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.892462432384491,
"score": 2.8125,
"token_count": 725,
"url": "https://psycholing-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/116"
} |
Jump to Main Content
How much reduction of virus is needed for recycled water: A continuous changing need for assessment?
- Gerba, Charles P., Betancourt, Walter Q., Kitajima, Masaaki
- Water research 2016
- cell culture, drinking water, food crops, irrigation, pathogenicity, risk, viral load, viruses, wastewater, water reuse
- To ensure the safety of wastewater reuse for irrigation of food crops and drinking water pathogenic viruses must be reduced to levels that pose no significant risk. To achieve this goal minimum reduction of viruses by treatment trains have been suggested. For use of edible crops a 6-log reduction and for production of potable drinking water a 12-log reduction has been suggested. These reductions were based on assuming infective virus concentrations of 105 to 106 per liter. Recent application of molecular methods suggests that some pathogenic viruses may be occurring in concentrations of 107 to 109 per liter. Factors influencing these levels include the development of molecular methods for virus detection, emergence of newly recognized viruses, decrease in per capita water use due to conservation measures, and outbreaks. Since neither cell culture nor molecular methods can assess all the potentially infectious virus in wastewater conservative estimates should be used to assess the virus load in untreated wastewater. This review indicates that an additional 2- to 3-log reduction of viruses above current recommendations may be needed to ensure the safety of recycled water. Information is needed on peak loading of viruses. In addition, more virus groups need to be quantified using better methods of virus quantification, including more accurate methods for measuring viral infectivity in order to better quantify risks from viruses in recycled water. | <urn:uuid:6e6400a9-2351-4e1d-b559-5f8625e97182> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:06:43",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9127787351608276,
"score": 2.53125,
"token_count": 333,
"url": "https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5584031"
} |
Women’s Rights: The Battle for Equality
At the present time, the battle for equality between women and men is still a dilemma. In spite of feminist movements, desire of women to be equal with men, there is no equality between men and women. The superiority of men originated from the ancient time that is why it is difficult to root it out. However, it is worth mentioning that women made progress in being independent from men and women obtained new career opportunities. The issue of equality is concerned with two aspects of equality between men and women at home and in the workplace.
In 19th century most women didn’t have the same rights with men. They were dependent on men as they had no possibility to earn money, study and work. Women had neither political no legal rights. On the way to their success women faced with discrimination especially regarding work or education. The main roles of women were those of a mother and a housewife. Women were responsible for cleaning, cooking and looking after children. Women were supposed to be the weaker sex and men were rulers. As we see, men dominated in the society.
However, at the beginning of the 20th century women started to change, they began to prove that they were not worse than men and that they could occupy the same positions as men. Women wanted to prove that they were not the weaker sex. They can be successful not only in family but at colleges and work. Women organized feminist movements in order to get an access to political, educational, economical and medical spheres of life.
Why to spend days and nights on research if QualityCustomEssays.com is eager to assist you?
If academic research is too complex for you, do not hesitate to contact us at QualityCustomEssays.com and buy a custom paper according to your expectations.
The objectives of the paper are:
- To explore the historical events that provoked the struggle for equality between men and women;
- To indentify crucial differences between women’s rights in Scandinavia (Sweden) and the Middle East;
- To investigate and discuss the position of women in modern society.
The History of Development of Equality between Men and Women
During the period of the Great Depression women’s place in society changed. Women began to get traditionally men’s jobs during the war. According to the earlier established rules, women were the defenders of morality and had to behave appropriately. Young girls had to maintain innocence and wait for their love. However, the Great Depression broke the traditional rules.
Smoking cigarettes became open and defiant unlike drinking. It was only the beginning of a turn in behavior and moral principles which influenced women of every age.
The Great Depression did not only change the morals and manners of women but ruined the traditional stereotypes about them. It was impossible for this generation to remain unchanged when everything was over. The alteration was also accelerated by the growing level of women’s independence and self-confidence. Women started being interested in politics; however, they were not crowned with success. Even nowadays, women are a rare occurrence in politics.
The conspicuous changes also concerned women’s way of dressing and appearance. Besides the fact that women started wearing short and tight clothes, they were keen on short hair. Change in manners was followed by an inescapable change in moral codes. Young people began to get involved into sexual relations at a tender age. Blessed innocence and shyness were not principles to be followed anymore. It is worth saying that the 1920`s were uneasy, but they brought the drastic changes in women’s life. Moreover, this time has become the motive force for women on the way of struggle for the equal rights with men.
The Founding Fathers were the statesmen and political leaders who participated in the American Revolution and established the U.S. Constitution. The Founding Fathers were sexists and they were biased against women. They did everything they could to deprive women of civil rights and of a possibility to go to the courts. Moreover, the United States Constitution did not protect the rights of women.
Here you can get a price quote:
Women were like black slaves and they were prohibited of contact with others and were the property of their husbands. Initially the law even allowed husbands to beat their women.
In my opinion Founding Fathers had made a fatal mistake discriminating women. Equality between men and women would only stimulate the development of the American society at that time.
For all practical purposes, Founding Fathers owned their women. Women could not have property, or vote; they were completely dependent on men and did not take part in social and political life of the country. I was also shocked by the fact that women also suffered from domestic violence. It means that women were not respected and were held in contempt. I do not understand why men are surprised nowadays at women`s behavior, at their desire to be free and independent, at the phenomenon of “feminism” (Forrell, 2006).
Analyzing the activity and behavior of Founding Fathers, one can notice that they treated themselves as gods and treated women as their slaves. They believed that a woman could never be a full citizen because women are too emotional, weak and have no character at all. Founding Fathers devalued women, caused them great hardship and suffering and adopted laws which were oppressing women. Founding Fathers were superior to women, slaves and poor people and that is why “feminism” appeared to defend the rights of women as they wanted to be equal with men, to be free and to be respected.
To my mind, the struggle of women for the equal rights with men and modern feminist trends are echoes of the past underestimation and contemptuous attitude toward women. Women and men should have equal importance and equal roles in both family and society.
The Rights of Women in Scandinavia
Speaking about women’s rights in Scandinavian countries, it is necessary to say that they are more privileged compared to other countries. Scandinavian countries support gender equality. Scandinavian countries (Sweden) belong to the most-egalitarian countries. They have a firm belief regarding equality of men and women. The governments of these countries provide an extensive welfare system in order to give an opportunity to both sexes to balance family life and work.
However, in spite of such a favorable position of women in Scandinavian countries, the governments still want to improve it. They want equality in the workplace, at school and home. Indeed there is improvement in gender equality but the modern Scandinavian society still considers gender equality as one of the main cornerstones. Gender equality means not only to have the same working rights as men but to limit and/or eradicate domestic violence and abuse (Byron, 2010).
Need to buy essay writing? We want to make it all easier for you!
1. Submit paper details:
Provide us with contact information, particularly email and phone number. Fill in the order type, the number of pages, a clearly formulated topic, referencing style, and the number of sources that need to be used.
2. Make a payment:
Pay without risk! You will see the total sum for your order and several ways of payment. We support the most reliable and trusted payment systems. Pay for your paper using any of the available methods: Skrill, Visa, and MasterCard.
3. Control the writig process:
Then a particular writer is assigned to your order by our administration. After the order goes into the processing stage, you can contact the writer directly to provide some further details and monitor the order progress.
4. Get better grades:
Pass your exams easily and successfully. Catch up with your paper before the deadline! Save your time, money, and efforts. Spend more time with your family and friends!
Scandinavian governments believe that equality between men and women is the basis for progress in the society. According to the Global Gender Gap Report of 2012, Sweden is a world leader in equality between men and women. The equality was measured in health, educational, political and economic areas. Speaking about education, it is necessary to say that the number of women with upper secondary education is higher than that one of men. More women than men desire to get higher education. It is necessary to mention that in Sweden the equal number of men and women participate in postgraduate and doctoral studies.
The most important fact is that in Sweden both parents can get parental leave of 480 days. The statistics show that in 2012 women took more days of parental leave as compared to men (only 24% of them took parental leave). Parents also get 10 extra days of leave if they have twins. Adopting parents also get 480 days of parental leave starting from the day when they adopted a child. A single parent also has the right for 480 days of parental leave.
Speaking about gender equality in Sweden, it is necessary to pay attention to the language. The Swedish language is characterized by gender neutrality. Instead of “he” or “she”, they use “it”. However the critics tell that gender neutrality damages the language and provokes confusion.
Sweden faced many difficulties on the way to the equality of men and women in the workplace. However, these are public jobs that are available for women. As to private sector the number of women is still low especially in top positions. The government tries to have equality even in their papers. For example, in the Discrimination Act two main sections are devoted to gender equality at work. All employers are required to promote equality between women and men.
Swedish laws prohibit harassment and discrimination and oblige employers to take measures if something occurs. All employees should be treated equally. The differences in salary between men and women should be paid according to difficulties related to profession, work experience, age, position and sector. Differences in salary between men and women are more noticeable in the private sector (Byron, 2010).
The Swedish government`s gender equality policy ensures that resources and power are fairly distributed between men and women and creates the conditions that will provide men and women with the same opportunities and power. As to professional sphere the number of women holding the top positions is increasing. In Sweden, women work as managers in county council, municipal and central governments etc. However, the proportion of managing directors and board chairpersons among women is very low, only 4%. 45% of women occupy the places in the Parliament of Sweden after 2010 election. Moreover, 13 out of 24 ministers in the government are women.
The Government of Sweden uses all measures to create equality between sexes at the national, regional and municipal levels. In spite of this, in Sweden there were recorded 28,000 cases of violence against women. These cases were revealed because women spoke out and complained.
Looking where to BUY AN ESSAY?
Save your time and money! Use QualityCustomEssays.com professionals service to get an A+ paper& get
for your first order
In Sweden there are the Swedish Association of Women’s Shelters, the National Organization for Women’s and Young Women’s Shelters who can help every woman who is facing violence and inequality. There are also approximately 130 local women’s shelters that were created in order to solve this problem. The National Clearinghouse on Violence against Women and the National Centre for Knowledge on Men’s Violence against Women also consult women when they face violence (Byron, 2010).
To my mind, in Scandinavian countries women have more rights compared to women in the Middle East because government supports them. There are laws that defend women and provide them with the same possibilities as men at home, work and education. Scandinavian countries, like Sweden create organizations and associations that help and support women when they face violence and gender inequality. I suppose that Sweden should be an example to be followed by other countries. If other countries include gender equality in they policy, there will be less violence and discussions between men and women.
The Rights of Women in the Middle East
Speaking about the rights of women in the Middle East, it is necessary to say that there is no equality between men and women. The most scaring thing is that misogyny and sexism still exist in the society creating violence, discussions and inequality.
In the Middle East the status of woman varies according to the country and traditions in this country. The most sexist and oppressive state is Saudi Arabia. Women in the Middle East are deprived of the diversity of life; their life is based on listening to their husband, looking after children and performing household chores. Westerners created a stereotype about Middle Eastern women that they are weak, always veiled and passive. Middle Eastern women live in the severe conditions; they even can not drive cars.
When compared with Scandinavian women, Middle Eastern women have a completely different life and no opportunities to be independent. However, it is worth mentioning that in modern Saudi Arabia women enjoy social and political rights. In Egypt women even can divorce their husbands. In Tunisia polygamy is prohibited and abortion is legal. In the Jordanian, Syrian, Iraqi, Tunisian and Egyptian governments, women are ministers and in Iran the position of Vice President is held by a woman (2013).
Middle Eastern society has conservative, exclusivist and religious laws that limit the rights of women as compared with men. Gender problems in the Middle East remain urgent and need solutions. However, the problem is that the government is not interested in this problem; however, the problem is very deep as it has cultural, religious and national character.
Strict Islamic laws forbid women to hold the top government positions. Muslims always make a reference to Hadith, collection of traditions containing saying of the prophet Muhammad. Indeed Hadith is a very debatable and dubious document for a reference. In the Arab world the number of women who hold important positions lags behind the rest of the world. Polygamy is another phenomenon that influences the relationships between and women in a negative way. Polygamy makes women go downwards. It means that there is no equality even in marriage.
It is necessary to mention that not in all Muslim countries women are discriminated. For example, in Israel women have full freedom in religion and ethnicities, they can vote, speak freely, have access to work and education. Women in Israel have no restrictions when choosing clothes. Law protects women from discrimination. “Israel will ensure complete equality of social and political rights irrespective of religion, race, or gender to all its inhabitants”, – tells the Israeli Declaration of Independence. While analyzing this statement, a question arises immediately “Why not in all Muslim countries?” The fact that a country cares about gender equality shows progress and human attitude towards each other. It also proves that a government chose a good policy. It is noticeable that Israel moves forward in relation to this question.
In Saudi Arabia the situation is different. Women are not allowed to drive a car, vote, go outside unless their bodies are covered etc. To my mind, it is their culture but women should make their own choice whether they want this or not. In Iraq women are not allowed to have property because of gender. It means that they are deprived of independence. In Syria it is a long and time-consuming process for a woman to get divorced while men can divorce just pronouncing the following words: “You are divorced”.
In the countries of the Middle East there are a lot of family crimes, domestic violence and discriminations. That is an issue that should be solved.
It is obvious that there are factors that can push for the creation of equality of genders. These are governments, organizations that will protect women’s rights and laws. This issue should be solved not only by national organizations but also international ones should interfere especially when the level of violence is too high. These organizations should be active and initiative especially in the countries of Middle East.
The problem of gender equality belongs to the policy frame that is why the main role here belongs to the government. Domestic, international and political institutions are able to change the situation with the help of laws. Women’s movements and organizations are driving forces that encourage other women to struggle for their rights. These movements and organizations prove that women can have the same working conditions as men; they are intelligent and they are not the weaker sex anymore. Women’s movements and organizations want to ruin the stereotype about weakness of women (Fälth, 2009).
Gender inequality is a social problem. It means that women are discriminated by men.
I think that gender inequality harms society. It provokes contradictions between men and women. However, our society with social equality is utopia. To my mind, women should have the equal rights with men. Discrimination is a barbaric behavior at the present time.
In my opinion, gender inequality exists not only in our society but also in our mind. We should develop ourselves, our mental attitudes, our moral and ethical values. We can decide by ourselves whether we are free from gender inequality and discrimination or not. If a person is free, self-confident and morally rich, he/she will not feel discriminated even if this woman is from Saudi Arabia.
Aristotle proved that there were people who were born to be slaves. I think that he was talking about people who did not want to struggle and the easiest way for them was to be discriminated. One should always develop his/her moral values. Aristotle said: “Moral virtue comes about as a result of habit”. It means that one can not consist only of virtues or only of evils. One should develop these virtues and oppress his/her evils (Sandel, 2009).
Huge First Discount
Mobile Friendly Website
Friendly Support 24/7
It is a normal phenomenon for a woman to be a wife and mother at the same time. However, the society considers a woman who chooses not to marry and not to have children as a strange one. There is nothing strange in the fact that at present time there are a lot of feminist movements who struggle for the equal rights with men. All people are created to be equal and to have equal rights. To my mind we should eradicate the ideology of inequality and become more kind-hearted.
Having analyzed the position of woman in Scandinavian countries (Sweden, in particular) and in the Middle East, we came to a conclusion that there are drastic differences between these countries. In Scandinavian countries women are more privileged as compared with the Middle East. Scandinavian countries support gender equality. In the Middle East there is no gender equality. In Scandinavian countries women have respectable rights because they are supported by the government and protected by the laws. The Middle East should learn from Scandinavian countries. Gender equality benefits development and progress and decreases the level of domestic violence.
To my mind, the problem is that Scandinavian countries and the Middle East countries have different mentality, culture, traditions, customs and laws. This issue should be solved at the state and international levels. I am convinced that these are Arab women who should struggle for equality and for new possibilities which are enjoyed by women in other countries. They should organize feminist movements and organizations that will defend their rights.
Middle Eastern society has conservative and religious laws that limit the rights of women. Gender problems in the Middle East remain urgent and needs solutions. However, the problem is that the government is not interested in this problem; however, this problem is very deep as it has cultural, religious and national character.
To my mind, in Scandinavian countries women have more respectable rights compared to women in the Middle East because government supports them. There are laws that defend women and give them the same possibilities as men regarding home, work and education. Scandinavian countries, like Sweden, create organizations and associations that help and support women if they face violence and gender inequality. I suppose that Sweden should be an example to be followed by other countries. If other countries include gender equality in their policy, there will be less violence and discussions between men and women. | <urn:uuid:7208db16-1a89-476c-870c-24f4fbfd0f11> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:40:57",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9743755459785461,
"score": 3.703125,
"token_count": 4061,
"url": "https://qualitycustomessays.com/samples/gender-equality-essay-example/"
} |
Encourage your preschooler’s enthusiasm for art. This class will introduce drawing lessons that will excite your budding artist. A vibrant drawing of a rainbow will introduce participants to the wonderful world of color. An illustration of an airplane will take them to new heights. A delicious-looking drawing of an ice cream sundae will delight those with a sweet tooth, and learning to draw a friendly lion has never been more fun. These are just a few of the many great lessons our students will learn.
Does your child have a great sense of humor to complement his/her artistic skills? If so, your child will LOVE this class! We’ll get the party started with our drawing of lively, party animals. Ordinary, school items are brought to life as we illustrate and personify inanimate objects. Another challenging lesson will help our students visualize sounds, and what’s a cartooning class without learning how to draw expressions? Many of our lessons will introduce students to drawing exciting, dynamic characters. Give your child the gift of learning and artistry.
|Ages:||6 years to under 13 years|
|Open to These Grades:||N/A|
|Web Reg Available to:||
Resident: 08/16/2019 @ 8:30A - 10/28/2019 @ 12:00A
Non-Resident: 08/26/2019 @ 8:30A - 10/28/2019 @ 12:00A | <urn:uuid:39d0a00d-b389-45b5-876c-e4025a699bef> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:36:17",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8794010877609253,
"score": 2.671875,
"token_count": 302,
"url": "https://recregistration.wsprings.com/wbwsc/webtrac.wsc/wbsa1221.html?wbsi=c65f8b27-fc4c-56b5-ea11-b0186af35d77&xxcim=0&xxmod=AR&xxrowid=0x00000000001b2204"
} |
@lclarkejhdf It's a good explanation, a bit wordy for a beginner, but a fine one. I'm a little hazy on Python since I haven't used it since April.
cin >> death
for (int counter = 0; counter < death; counter++)
If you really want to convert the string to and int, try (after "print(str1[3::])":
sum1 = "5"
print(int(sum1) + 2)
~Remember to convert the data type of the variable because you cannot add a string to an int. | <urn:uuid:b74a6445-de8b-48ac-9134-a1de86926855> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:49:55",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8179964423179626,
"score": 3.109375,
"token_count": 127,
"url": "https://repl.it/@MichelleA8?tab=comments"
} |
Paragraphs punctuate your writing, clarify your meaning and strengthen your argument. A typed page without paragraphs is like a wall of words; it’s very hard for the reader to find a way in to your writing, and it’s very hard for your meaning to get out. Paragraphs don’t add words but they do help get your point across. Remember: one point per paragraph. As a rule of thumb, I’d advise two to three paragraphs for each A4 page. Every paragraph is different, but many contain the following parts in the following order:
I Introduce the topic
D Develop the point / present your argument
E Give your Evidence
A Analyse / evaluate the evidence
S Summarise and lead on to the next point
Each new paragraph is like a breath of fresh air. It breaks up the text and improves readability, helping your reader to grasp the meaning.
24 January 2019 | <urn:uuid:10c0a178-3803-490c-92b6-cb454bde6f22> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:48:57",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9132978320121765,
"score": 3.03125,
"token_count": 196,
"url": "https://rlfconsultants.com/create-breathing-space-in-your-writing/"
} |
In fact, precise rules govern when to use this punctuation mark. When followed, they lay the groundwork for clear written communication.
We’ve compiled a list of all of the times when you need the mighty comma.
1. Use a comma before any coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet) that links two independent clauses.
Example: “I went running, and I saw a duck.”
You may need to learn a few grammatical terms to understand this one.
An independent clause is a unit of grammatical organization that includes both a subject and verb and can stand on its own as a sentence. In the previous example, “I went running” and “I saw a duck” are both independent clauses, and “and” is the coordinating conjunction that connects them. Consequently, we insert a comma. See More . . . | <urn:uuid:e73302d1-ae33-41f7-9c97-10b94a2109d0> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:59:46",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9459543824195862,
"score": 3.3125,
"token_count": 190,
"url": "https://robbibryant.com/13-rules-for-using-commas-without-looking-like-an-idiot/"
} |
Language shapes the way we see the world. For example, the metaphors used to describe a concept like crime can shape the way people reason about it; native speakers of different languages tend to conceptualize time in ways consistent with their language; and when an object (say, a chair) is assigned the feminine grammatical gender in one language and the masculine gender in another, speakers of the former language actually think of that object as more feminine than speakers of the latter.
But new research (here’s the pdf) shows that the language we speak literally affects the way we see the world. By tracking people’s eye movements as they watched scenes unfold, researchers found that speakers tended to fixate more on parts of the scene that their language would require them to encode when communicating, relative to speakers of another language.
The experiment included German and Korean speakers. One way these two languages differ is in how they refer to spatial relationships between objects. In German (as in English), there’s a word for containment (in, which means the same as it does in English), which contrasts with the word used for one object supporting another (in German, auf, analogous to on in English). Preposition use in Korean isn’t dictated by whether one object contains or supports the other; instead, different prepositions are used depending on the tightness of the fit of the relationship. For example, putting a cap on a pen is a tight fit, which Korean describes with the word kkita. This contrasts with putting an apple in a bowl, which is a loose fit, so the preposition netha would be used instead (though the authors note that netha tends to be used for loose containment while notha is used for loose support, the line is a bit more blurred than in English or German).
In German, then, the most relevant part of a spatial relationship (for communication purposes) is whether one object contains or supports the other. In Korean, the most relevant part of a relationship is the tightness of fit. The researchers predicted that German and Korean speakers may habitually pay closer attention to certain parts of a scene — the ones their language requires them to communicate — than others.
In the experiment, participants watched videos of objects coming in contact with each other (screenshots are below), while the researchers tracked their eye movements. Participants always saw a pair (one video followed by a second) and rated how similar the two videos were to each other. Importantly, participants were not told which dimension their similarity ratings should be based on — this was for them to decide on their own.
Consistent with language practices, Korean speakers based their similarity ratings on tightness of fit — for example, videos from the second and third rows above (both showing tight fits, and therefore typically described using kkita), were seen as more similar than the first and second, or the third and fourth were (both of which would include one kkita video and one netha or notha video). German speakers, on the other hand, based their ratings on containment vs. support. For them, the first and second (both described by auf) or the third and fourth (in) were more similar than the second and third (auf vs. in). Again, it’s especially relevant that participants were not told to use their language practices to determine similarity; they were simply encouraged to determine how similar different pairs were to each other, and their language practices guided them in this task.
The really novel part of this study, though, is in the eye-tracking. The researchers found that German speakers spent more time looking at the base figure (the bowl, block, or tray that the second object would sit on or in) than Korean speakers did, probably because that object contains more information for a person who needs to determine whether the relationship will be a supportive (on) or containment (in) one, which is what Germans habitually have to encode. Instead of looking at that base figure as much, Korean speakers looked more at the one that did the resting on or in, and particularly looked at the area where the objects intersected, which again holds the most information for speakers of a language that requires communicating the tightness of fit.
Even though participants were not watching these videos in order to communicate about them, their viewing patterns still reflected the tendencies of their languages. They have years of experience needing to pay attention to containment vs. support or tightness vs. looseness, so they now approach the world with a predisposition to look for those same characteristics that their language encodes.
This finding may not have huge practical consequences. People’s vision isn’t impaired by what their language encodes or doesn’t. But the study does show that our attention can be influenced by our language. Visual attention is a pretty low-level process, in the sense that it’s constant and so much of it happens without conscious awareness. That, I think, is why this study is so cool — even when people are watching simple videos of objects, their language shapes the way they approach the situation. Just imagine what our language does for us when we actually go out and navigate the world.
Cover photo by MabelAmber. CC. | <urn:uuid:27c17f36-4d16-4fd6-acf3-e598ff44987c> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:57:33",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9633327126502991,
"score": 3.5625,
"token_count": 1077,
"url": "https://rosehendricks.com/tag/space/"
} |
Pounding in the Importance of Pile Driving Safety
In April 1992, a crew driving a new set of pilings adjacent to Chicago’s Kinzie Street bridge inadvertently placed one of the pilings slightly off the desired location. The piling punctured a long-disused railroad tunnel below the river’s floor. Within hours, the city’s downtown area had shut down, as a torrent of river water flowed through the underground tunnel network and swamped basements of buildings like City Hall, the Merchandise Mart, and the Chicago Hilton and Towers Hotel. The cleanup took weeks and cost millions.
The so-called Chicago Flood of 1992 represents an extraordinary example of what can go wrong when construction crews drive pilings. The Kinzie Street pilings were intended to keep barges and boats from striking the bridge structure, but pilings are also widely used for providing support for the construction of foundations for buildings, bridges, and a variety of other structures.
Pile drivers use heavy weights and a tremendous amount of force to pound poles deeply into the ground. The sheer power of a pile driver and the potential for damaging below-ground features underscores the important role of safety in piledriving operations. Besides the potential for injuries to workers, an incorrectly placed pole can compromise the structural integrity of nearby foundations or ground features. It also has the potential to puncture underground utilities such as sewers and gas lines, sever electrical conduits and communications cables, and in the case of Chicago, trigger an expensive disaster.
That’s why pre-construction planning is crucial in pile driving operations. Planning for safety should incorporate an equal focus on workers, the equipment they’ll use, supports that are provided, and the specific tasks that are being performed.
Safety planning for pile driving operations begins with a thorough study of the worksite. Access must be provided for personnel, the equipment that will be used on the site, and the materials that will be employed during the process. In addition, space must be available for storage of tools and equipment, protecting hazardous materials such as welding gases and fuels, and for washing out concrete trucks and other equipment. Much of the material used in pile driving is large, so safe spaces must be provided for delivery, assembly, pickup, laydown, and disassembly.
Particular consideration should be given to the stability of the ground on the site, including strategies for dealing with stormwater. If the site is muddy, drainage or dewatering equipment may be used to enhance stability, and walkways may be provided for workers (with any that are more than four feet high incorporating handrails and toe boards).
The safety plan should also consider how spoils will be handled and where they will be placed. Temporary spoils should always be kept more than two feet from the edge of excavations or driving locations, to ensure that they will not fall into the excavated areas. Permanent spoils should be moved some distance away from the work. The area for the storage of materials should be planned to provide safe storage and access without the potential for sliding or collapsing.
Trenching and excavations are often a part of pile-driving activity. Obviously, the site should be studied for underground utilities, which should be clearly marked. Nearby structures that may be affected by excavating should also be considered, with sheeting or other measures taken to prevent possible damage. Any trenches that are more than three feet deep require exit ladders within 25 feet of worksites, with toenailed braces to keep the ladders from slipping.
If shoring will be installed, that should be done from the top down. Any hydraulic shoring must be inspected at least once each shift to verify that there is no damage or equipment failure that would present a hazard to worker or the site.
When pile driving equipment arrives at the site, inspect it for any damage and deterioration that could impact its function or create a safety hazard. All equipment, including ropes, cables, slings, and fittings must be inspected. Rigging operators need to ensure that the hoist or crane is assembled properly, that all controls are working, and that any needed adjustments are made. Any damage or kinks to wires, ropes, chains, or cables call for an immediate replacement.
All workers on a pile driving jobsite should wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment, and that equipment should be inspected before each shift or when resuming work after a break. Workers who will perform welding, cutting, grinding, or similar tasks should also wear suitable eye and face protection. Anyone working directly with cement or other potentially irritating materials should wear the correct gloves, such as canvas gloves coated with neoprene.
Although pile driving can be a complicated process, general safety rules that should be familiar to every worker will provide the greatest protection. Workers should have safety training for any task they perform. Piles should be lifted only with the appropriate slings or similar equipment, and workers should maintain a safe distance while piles are being hoisted. (Works should never stand below a hammer or core.)
As pile locations are being pre-excavated or jetted, operators must be careful not to undermine the rig or any nearby structures. When augers are withdrawn, rocks and chunks of earth should be removed before they are inserted. If the piles are not going to be placed in the holes immediately, they should be covered to ensure that workers and equipment cannot fall into them.
While driving is underway, the operator should maintain light pressure on the hammer drum brake to keep the hammer under close control, and stop immediately if the pile breaks or otherwise malfunctions. He should also pay close attention to the hammer hose to ensure that it doesn’t get caught in any moving parts. If pipes are cut to be flush with the ground, cover the heads to protect them from collecting foreign matter and to ensure that nobody steps into the pile.
Finally, regular inspections of the work area and equipment are vital to ensuring everyone’s safety. At the very least, the site and all equipment, including the controls, should be checked by supervisors at the site, and any deficiencies must be addressed before work resumes. | <urn:uuid:50d6580e-4eea-4699-9642-4143a78660cb> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:19:16",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9433152079582214,
"score": 2.75,
"token_count": 1255,
"url": "https://safetymanagementgroup.com/pounding-in-the-importance-of-pile-driving-safety/"
} |
Spawning cod packed with vitamins
Cod migrate from the Barents Sea to the Lofoten Islands in North Norway to spawn every winter. The fishing season for these large spawning cod, called skrei in Norwegian, is currently open. A traditional North Norwegian serving of the fish is a super source of vitamin D.
Norwegian chefs say that skreimølje, which consists of the white meat of an adult spawning cod, its liver and a slice of roe, usually served with boiled potatoes, has become trendy. This is terrific from a nutritional viewpoint, because just a few servings provide heaps of vitamin D. The vitamin gets stored in our bodies and comes in handy through the dark winter months.
A single meal of this traditional northern Norwegian fare provides twelve daily doses of vitamin D, according to Magritt Brustad.
Brustad is head of the Department of Community Medicine at UiT, the Arctic University of Norway, in Tromsø. Her doctorate involved a study of the impact of traditional North Norwegian consumption of fish on residents’ vitamin D status.
We all depend on vitamin D. Foods that contain it are particularly important for those who live north of the Arctic Circle, where the sun is below the horizon for much of winter. Fatty fish and cod liver oil are both great sources of vitamin D.
Brustad was keen on studying what the traditional dish skreimølja does in the way of providing North Norwegians their vitamin D. She measured vitamin D levels in people before and after a meal of the spawning cod with its traditional trimmings.
The results were remarkable.
“Those who started with low levels of vitamin D enjoyed a measurable increase after one meal of spawning cod, liver and roe,” she says.
Mølja compensates for lack of sun
The biggest mølje eaters live mainly in North Norwegian coastal communities.
When the researchers investigated levels of vitamin D in inhabitants of Andenes in Vesterålen, they found them to have winter levels of vitamin D that matched their summer levels, Brustad said.
The researchers determined that mølja is significant for public health up north and largely compensates for the lack of winter sun.
How about youngsters?
Skreimølje has long been a key element of the North Norwegian diet. Nutrition studies indicate that it still is. At the start of the new millennium, some 70 percent of the residents of North Norway confirmed they ate this traditional meal regularly. Many had it more than seven times over the course of the spawning cod season, which is from January to March.
“We have reason to believe that young people in North Norway don’t eat as much fish as the older generations, and that vitamin D levels among the youngest are comparably lower. But we don’t have much data on that. It’s high time for us to check it out,” says Brustad.
Cool to eat skrei
North Norwegian chefs say that it is trendy to order skreimølje in Tromsø restaurants.
Espen Vesterdal Larsen, a prize-winning Norwegian chef at the Culinary Academy in Oslo says that the skrei trend is working its south.
“Skrei has always been popular. Now we see that it reaching new segments of the population – not just people with links to North Norway," he says.
Plenty of restaurants in the capital are currently advertising that “skreien er kommet” – the spawning cod has arrived. But the chef has his doubts about how many will have the full dish with liver and roe on their menus.
“We see that chefs are curious and put their hearts into making use of the entire fish. A lot of them will also experiment with liver and roe, but perhaps in a more refined way than a serving of skreimølje,” Vesterdal Larsen says.
Spawning cod makes its way to tables round the world
Vesterdal Larsen has recently returned from a trip to the USA, where he promoted Norwegian skrei to American chefs.
Skrei has a fantastic history that makes it easy to sell abroad. More importantly though, Vesterdal Larsen boasts about its special quality.
Skrei come from one of the world’s major stocks of cod and spends most of their lives in the Barents Sea. When the fish reaches sexual maturity it migrates to the Norwegian coast to spawn. It is then usually five years old and is called skrei, rather than torsk [cod]. The term stems from the Old Norse skrida, which means “to travel”.
About ten percent of the cod stock finds its way back, preferably returning to where it hatched as fry. This spawning cod has fattened up more than an ordinary cod and built up muscle mass along its swim to the Norwegian coast.
Master chefs in France and elsewhere are wild about it.
Milk is less important
Some scientists might think it’s enough just to point out the health benefits of vitamin D.
Brustad says scientists currently have only solid empirical evidence for saying that the vitamin is important for bone health and muscle strength.
She says butter or margarine that has been enriched with vitamin D is also a good source. Vitamin D enriched milk, however, is less preferable because it contains too little of the vitamin, she adds.
“The new Nordic dietary recommendations call for a daily intake of ten micrograms of vitamin D for adults. You need to drink more than two litres of milk to reach that level,” she says.
Solariums – tanning salons – can also be a source of vitamin D. Our skin synthesizes the vitamin even with the help of artificial sunlight. But medical authorities and cancer prevention organisations advise against using these to get our vitamin D. Tanning salons have a documented negative effect on health, raising the risk of skin cancer.
“We recommend that people take cod liver oil and eat fatty fish to ensure they get enough vitamin D in the winter,” says Brustad.
Translated by: Glenn Ostling | <urn:uuid:87daaadb-8ee5-43a4-9a9c-42566726fb0e> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:17:45",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.959426760673523,
"score": 2.8125,
"token_count": 1304,
"url": "https://sciencenorway.no/agriculture--fisheries-cod-fish/spawning-cod-packed-with-vitamins/1395906"
} |
Two nuclear power nations are in an eyeball to eyeball for past one month since 40 CRPF personnel were killed in a suicide terror attack in J & K region of India.India launched an air strike at several places inside Pakistani territory which killed 350 terrorists as per Government of India version while Pakistan says there was no causality but it was only to provoke Pakistan in to a war. There after an Indian Airforce Pilot was captured while he parachuted inside Pakistani territory after hitting a Pakistan F-16 jet fighter and then was released due to much diplomatic pressure over Pakistan. There is still shelling and cross firing on borders which has resulted the situation to be tensed.
India and Pakistan has fought four full or small scale wars since India and Pakistan were bifurcated from undivided India at the time of independence from British in 1947. Two full scale wars has been fought in 1965 and 1971. Bangladesh was created as independent country as outcome of 1971 war from East Pakistan. 1947 and 1999 can be termed as semi wars when Pakistani Army intruded and infiltrated inside Kashmir region.An independent state at that time in 1947,the then Maharaja of Hari Singh signed an accord with then Prime Minsiter of India Jawahar Lal Nehru to give armed support after which he agreed for annexation of Kashmir in to India.Indian Army personnel were airdropped to fight out Pakistani intruders and they did so successfully and Kashmir became an integral part of India since then.In 1999 another semi scale war was fought between the two countries termed as Kargil War. In all four war Pakistan had to pull back either due to insufficient resources or due to international pressure.
In current scenario India and Pakistan are not the same countries which they were a 25 years back.Both have developed nuclear arsenals. Pakistani and Indian Army has upgraded itself.While Indian Armed Forces are seven time larger to Pakistan in each area,Pakistan also have capability to strike India.Its been one month both countries have engaged each other and have sent warning signals. Any provocation by either side may result into a long or short term armed conflict or even war which may destabilize this subcontinent. But a larger section in India believes that its time when Indian government must take a decisive action against terrorists and its believed that terrorists acting in India get all support from Pakistan including their training in base camps for as long as one year. A larger section also believe that India have all rights to protect its borders and citizens from terrorist who have killed millions of people since independence due to support from Pakistan.
The point which must be noted that India and Pakistan have already lost nearly 15 million people during migration from both sides at the time of partition. Clearly British had palyed a clevel political game while they were forced to leave the country after two hundred years of rule and suppression in subcontinent.
Ratnesh Dwivedi Institutional Representative of SECINDEF (Security Intelligence and Defense) Israel-USA International Consulting Counterterrorism in the India and collaborating analyst of OCATRY (Observatory against the Terrorist Threat and the Jihadist Radicalization) Scholar,Amity School of Communication,Amity University,Uttar Pradesh,India. Journalist / Acdemic / Writer and NASA Certified Educator | <urn:uuid:0b2cab9b-e636-4461-8cb4-3db9dedba4b8> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:15:03",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.973010241985321,
"score": 2.859375,
"token_count": 659,
"url": "https://secindef.org/indo-pak-conflict-what-next/"
} |
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.
Disease Interacts with Genes
Disease Interacts with Substances
Processes Associated With Disease
Molecular Function Associated With Disease
Biological Processes Associated With Disease
Pathways Associated With Disease
Symptoms Associated With Disease
Selected genes are highlighted in orange, bookmarked
genes are green
- Chemical increases gene,
- Chemical decreases gene,
- Chemical increases and decreases gene simultaneosly,
No arrows - gene doesn't interact with the chemical.
- Gene should be increased/decreased most of the time and the chemical does it.
- Gene should be increased/decreased most of the time but the chemical does the opposite. | <urn:uuid:aba84ea2-b271-4f2b-aa29-97beabeb6782> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:39:14",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8346511721611023,
"score": 2.90625,
"token_count": 271,
"url": "https://selfdecode.com/disease/gaucher-disease/"
} |
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;”
In the 1947 Supreme Court decision, Everson v. the Board of Education, the Court was reviewing a policy on behalf of the state of New Jersey to reimburse the public bus fees of students attending parochial schools. The argument made was that by providing such a reimbursement the State was respecting an establishment of religion (and thus against the spirit of the 1st Amendment). This is argued by a sloppy composition of the idea of a ‘wall of separation’, which term they took from Thomas Jefferson’s letter to Baptist ministers of Danbury, Connecticut.
From this ‘wall of separation’, wrongly interpreted, they argued the strict hyper-secular interpretation of the First Amendment we see today. However, an examination of Jefferson’s letter to the Baptists is both revealing and humorous.
(1) What was the historical background that prompted Jefferson to use such terminology, and (2) what context may be given to aid in discovering his meaning?
The various Baptist ministers of Danbury wrote to Jefferson to complain about the established church in Connecticut. Out of the thirteen states, nine supported established churches with tax money. A famous American Baptist and proponent of the separation of church and state, Isaac Backus, would famously argue that these state taxes supporting state institutional churches were equivalent to taxation without representation, given many citizens were not members of those very churches. In addition, such churches directly discriminated against Baptists. An example of this were the 500+ Baptist preachers who were jailed in Virginia for “disturbing the peace”. In other words, they were preaching God’s Word without licenses from the state. In fine Baptist tradition, they responded with appeals towards religious liberty. You can then begin to visualize the context in which the question of the first amendment arises.
John Leland is a figure worth pointing to. An important Baptist preacher and evangelist, Leland had initially planned to campaign against the ratification of the Constitution out of fear that the above mentioned experiences would be expanded at a federal level. Given his influence, this spelled trouble for the ratification, since Baptists held significant political sway within Virginia, North Carolina, and other such states. We cannot blame Leland and those Baptists, given their earlier experiences at the state level.
Due to the impact such opposition could have, James Madison met with Leland, and the two came to an agreement. Leland would remove his opposition in exchange for a protection as given in the First Amendment.
It is now we turn again towards Jefferson’s above mentioned letter. In their petition, they expressed the worry of persecution on behalf of the state church establishment (and rightly so). It was this focus of state establishment that Jefferson responded to, and we cannot remove ourselves from the oddity of the Supreme Court accepting it as expressive of the federal scenario.
With the historical background expressed, what events surrounding Jefferson’s response and his mention of a ‘wall of separation’ can we observe to further define what he meant by ‘wall’? Was the Supreme Court not only wrong to observe as authoritative a letter addressing state-focused persecutions, but also wrong in its hyper-secularized application intended on removing any exchange or incentive on behalf of religious life and state (thus excluding religion from public participation and witness)?
We can say, with some authority, that they committed a grievous error of interpretation, and that they clearly abused the context of both the environment of Jefferson’s response, and his own surrounding practices. Observing those practices humorously make the point. I quote from Richard Land’s essay on “Religious Liberty in the Founding and Development of America”, as found in First Freedom, The Baptist Perspective on Religious Liberty (T. White, J. G. Duesing, M. B. Yarnell III):
On the same Friday that a Baptist preacher [Leland] showed up with an enormous cheese, prayed for the president, and the president thanked him for the prayer, the president later that day wrote his well-known letter to the Baptist preachers of Danbury. Two days later, on Sunday morning, Thomas Jefferson attended a Christian worship service in the House of Representatives. With about half the members of Congress in attendance, as well as the President, John Leland, a Baptist evangelist, preached a revival sermon from the speaker’s rostrum of the House of Representatives.
Clearly, the hyper-separation of religious life from public seems ill-fitting. How do Jefferson’s actions accord with the tone of his letter? What then, of his ‘wall of separation’? For the Supreme Court to argue it meant one thing, when Jefferson acts in a manner completely opposite of such an interpretation (two days after drafting his letter), seems odd indeed! The wall to be observed then is the error of the Court to properly scale both historical background and context.
We can conclude that hardly did Jefferson have in mind a secular strict division as rendered by the Everson v. the Board of Education case. In short, the Court sought to propose Jefferson as arguing a removal of any Christian element from public governance on the grounds of it establishing a religion (a wall between the two). Yet this same Jefferson they wrongly interpret is the one who sat in the front row during Leland’s sermon at the House, as well as the one who accepted both Leland’s prayers, and Leland’s cheese. Surely Jefferson’s actions would best explain his words!”
The Moral Liberal Contributing Editor, Leonard O Goenaga , is a Baptist Associate Pastor (assigned to the Youth) at Glory of God Christian Fellowship, Raleigh, North Carolina; a Mentor (Computer Lab/Technology) at the Wake Forest Boys and Girls Club; a husband (to Katrina); and rugby coach. He holds a B.A. in Political Science (with a specific concentration in Political Theory, Social Contract, and Constitutionalism), a second B.A. in Religious Studies (with a concentration in World Religions and Early Christianity), and an A.A. in Entrepreneurship. He currently is in his last year of a Master of Divinity in Christian Ethics program, and begins Ph.D work next year with a concentration likely centered on an analysis of Locke’s Social Contract, H.L.A. Hart’s Legal System, American Constitutionalism, and Baptist Ecclesiology of Covenant.
Please visit Leonard’s website at http://www.LeonardOoh.com
Copyright © 2011 Leonard O Goenaga | <urn:uuid:c48e263c-8a1d-49cd-adfc-bf090026061d> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:54:04",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9603495001792908,
"score": 3.375,
"token_count": 1379,
"url": "https://selfeducatedamerican.com/2011/06/27/church-and-state-a-wall-of-separation-and-a-100-pound-cheese/"
} |
This beautiful book charts the development of the circus as an art form around the world, from antiquity to the present day. Using over 200 circus related artworks from the French National Library's private collections, celebrated cultural historian Pascal Jacob tells the story of travelling entertainers and their art and trade.
From nomadic animal tamers of the Dark Ages to European jugglers and acrobats of the 1800s, from the use of the circus as Soviet propaganda to the 20th-century Chinese performance art renaissance, this is an exhaustive history with a uniquely international scope. Jacob draws on both rare and famous artworks, including prints dating from the 13th century, and paintings by Picasso and Dore. In doing so he demonstrates the circus to be a visual and physical masterpiece, constantly moving and evolving, and just as exciting an experience for audiences now as it was 1,000 years ago.
Author: Pascal Jacob
Hardcover: 240 pages
Dimensions: 300 x 220 mm | <urn:uuid:0baf342a-4676-428c-a22a-de6f89568e5b> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:26:12",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9406453371047974,
"score": 2.859375,
"token_count": 198,
"url": "https://shop.royalalberthall.com/products/the-circus-a-visual-history"
} |
Sustainable Drinking Water Supply in the Sundarbans
Drinking water scarcity in the Sundarbans
There is a severe drinking water crisis in most parts of the Sundarbans, the deltaic region south of Kolkata in India. Although the Sundarbans is replete with rivers, the river water is largely saline or brackish due to tidal action and proximity to the Bay of Bengal and cannot be used for drinking. Groundwater, usually accessed through tube wells, is seen as the safest water source of drinking water. Unfortunately, in many parts of the Sundarbans locating saline-free aquifers can be a huge challenge and even if identified tapping 300 meter deep aquifers requires substantial investment and knowhow.
The situation is further aggravated by the population growth, which leads to an increasing demand of drinking water. Often the only ‘solution’ to this menace is the unsustainable practice of buying expensive bottled water. Otherwise, unsafe water sources posing risk for the health of their consumers are being used by the local population.
In the area of Hingalgunj, which is situated on the Indian side in the border region to Bangladesh, a similar situation prevails. Out of despair, locals have been tapping the water resources of aquifers through tube-wells of around 300 m depth, which is an expensive and unstable venture since tube-wells either runs dry in summer or the water becomes extremely saline and not fit for drinking purposes. In these situation a pipeline to a nearby village has been installed. However, this is not a sustainable solution in the long run. | <urn:uuid:eb76004b-0dbc-44cf-a1ad-d7e013bea4b3> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:14:07",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9499329328536987,
"score": 3.359375,
"token_count": 325,
"url": "https://soceo.de/sustainable-drinking-water-supply/"
} |
Guide To Levels
Here at Southbourne School of English, Bournemouth, we grade our student’s level of English using the internationally recognised Common European Framework (CEF) descriptors. These levels are:
- Can communicate very basic needs and understand very simple conversational language.
- Has a limited vocabulary for everyday situations.
- Can read and produce short, simple pieces of writing.
- Can communicate basic needs and speak about personal topics.
- Has sufficient vocabulary for everyday routines.
- Can recognise main grammatical structures.
- Can write short personal texts and notes.
- Can communicate in everyday situations and hold short conversations.
- Can use main grammatical structures.
- Can write texts with some detail.
- Can communicate with some confidence in a reasonable number of situations.
- Has good control of main grammatical structures.
- Can write longer texts using paragraphs with reasonable accuracy.
- Can communicate effectively and express ideas/opinions in most situations.
- Can discuss a range of topical issues.
- Can use a wide range of structures, with reasonable accuracy.
- Can produce a range of written texts using the correct register.
- Can express feelings, opinions and ideas accurately and precisely using a wide range of vocabulary.
- Can produce the full range of texts with natural cohesion.
- Can understand authentic texts with little difficulty.
- Has a very good degree of grammatical control. | <urn:uuid:1a60649e-658d-4669-802a-ccbf432a2714> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:16:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8304306268692017,
"score": 3.3125,
"token_count": 297,
"url": "https://southbourneschool.co.uk/language-courses/guide-to-levels/"
} |
The World Bank Group (WBG) is made up of five international finance organizations that leverage over $60 billion in loans and aid annually. The stated mission of the WBG is to “end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity in a sustainable way.” Despite their public recognition of climate change as a serious threat to development, the World Bank’s current portfolio includes lucrative fossil fuel projects and limited finance for those living in energy poverty, for whom finance is most difficult to access.
Every fall, the governing body of the World Bank Group holds Annual Meetings to discuss their work on international economic development and finance. The Annual Meetings offer a chance to engage with delegates from 189 member countries as well as the broader general public. Over 10,000 people attend these meetings, including a substantial number of civil society organizations (CSOs) from around the world. The official governing body meetings are October 13th-15th, but many of these meetings are not open to civil society. Instead, from October 9th-13th a series of panels and roundtables are held to engage civil society and press on the bank’s work.
The United States has the most voting power within the World Bank, and US youth have the right and responsibility to hold the World Bank accountable to the future it finances – our future. The World Bank still finances fossil fuel projects and fossil fuel exploration. In addition, only 20% of their energy portfolio is classified as energy access, of which only 20% is for distributed renewables. The World Bank and its leadership have spoken about the urgency of acting on climate change because of the serious impact it will have on low-income countries. However, the Bank continues to fund exploration for more fossil fuels and does not prioritize solutions that will most benefit impacted communities. We do this work with a vision of global justice, aware that the current structure of the World Bank perpetuates power structures that benefit the Global North over the Global South. | <urn:uuid:6f16a523-a46b-44c3-b006-1c3e73e2b625> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:24:19",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9613530039787292,
"score": 2.671875,
"token_count": 397,
"url": "https://sustainus.org/climate/world-bank-delegations/"
} |
Choline is the newest official member of the vitamin B complex family. Choline has a very similar effect to the modification of fats in the cell membranes. This allows the membranes to operate with greater flexibility in dealing with water molecules and soluble fat.
Without choline, many fat-based nutrients and waste products can not pass in and out of cells. In addition, choline is chemically unique as it is a trimethylamine molecule, which means that three methylamine groups are connected.
Functions of choline
Maintaining the integrity of cell membranes - choline is a key component of many fats contained in the structure of cell membranes. Since cell membranes are almost entirely composed of fat, their flexibility and integrity depend on adequate supplies of choline.
Maintenance of the processing of methylamine - choline and its uniqueness as a chemical trimethylamine molecule makes it extremely important for the metabolism of the methylamine group.
Guarding the nervous system - Choline is a key component of the acetylcholine molecule, responsible for carrying messages in the nervous system. Acetylcholine is the primary chemical in the body that carries messages between nerves and muscles.
Choline reduces chronic inflammation - people who take high amounts of choline have lower levels of inflammation on average.
Deficiency of choline
A deficiency of choline leads to risk of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular problems. Choline deficiency is associated with fatigue, insomnia, poor ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine, problems with memory and neuromuscular imbalances. Increased choline deficiency can lead to deficiency of another critical health vitamin - folic acid. Large nutritional deficiency of choline in turn can lead to liver failure, cardiovascular disease, impaired growth, abnormalities in bone formation, no formation of red blood cells, infertility, respiratory distress, neonatal renal failure, anemia and high blood pressure.
Overdose of choline
High doses of choline (10-15 g) were associated with the occurrence of unusual body odor, vomiting, increased salivation and sweating.
In addition, it should be noted that a low intake of other nutrients can lead to choline deficiency. These nutrients include vitamin B3, folic acid, and the amino acid methionine. The reason for this is related to the unusual chemical structure of choline as a trimethylamine molecule. Liver problems, including liver cirrhosis are common factors that contribute to choline deficiency.
Some medications such as Methotrexate - a drug used primarily to treat cancer, but also in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and anticonvulsant drugs also increase the risk of choline deficiency.
Benefits of Choline
Because of its importance in the metabolism of fats, choline is essential to help prevent almost all health problems related to the liver, including alcoholism and cirrhosis. Choline helps to improve the conditioning of patients with epilepsy , Parkinson's disease , Alzheimer's disease, memory problems, neuromuscular disorders, cardiovascular disease, brain disorders, autism, respiratory distress in newborns, anemia, infertility, high blood pressure, etc. .
Sources of choline
The richest source of choline are certain foods and a supplement called lecithin. Lecithin is most often added to foods as an emulsifying agent, helping to keep food ingredients together. Most quantities of lecithin are derived from soybeans.
Food sources containing choline are: soybeans and soy products, egg yolks, butter, peanuts and peanut butter, potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, bananas, milk, oranges, lentils, oats, barley, corn, sesame seeds, flax seeds, and whole wheat bread.See more | <urn:uuid:8018de43-8866-47ce-8855-fcbc7601f963> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:36:11",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9235531091690063,
"score": 3.546875,
"token_count": 777,
"url": "https://tastycraze.com/n9-31580-Choline"
} |
Three students have won the chance to have science experiments they created carried out by astronauts in space.
The students won an international competition called the YouTube Space Lab Contest. Last October, students around the world aged 14 to 18 were invited to come up with ideas for experiments that could be performed on the International Space Station.
The space station is a satellite that orbits the Earth. It includes a research laboratory where astronauts from the United States, Russia, Japan, Europe and Canada conduct experiments. Because there is no gravity on the space station, they are able to do experiments they could not do on Earth.
For the contest, students had to make a video explaining their hypothesis – the idea they wanted to test – and the method for doing the experiment. Then they posted the videos on YouTube.
Winners were chosen by people voting on YouTube, and by a panel of judges that included scientists, teachers, astronauts and journalists. | <urn:uuid:83222826-81e1-4e27-9b92-884ee52a83e9> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:36:59",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9775756597518921,
"score": 3.8125,
"token_count": 185,
"url": "https://teachingkidsnews.com/tag/bacillus-subtilis/"
} |
Economic thinking about development went further than tariffs. Settlers wanted to build a ‘better Britain’, a more sophisticated colonial economy that could continue to provide living standards superior to Britain’s.
In the 1800s modern concepts of measuring a country’s national income (such as gross domestic product) did not exist. Progress was assessed through indirect indicators like population growth (once censuses were introduced in the mid-1800s), the measurement of exports and imports, and the output of some industries.
Over the 19th century an increasing range of statistics was collected and processed, but there were limits to available information. It was not easy to distinguish growth in one industry from overall growth. For example railways destroyed coaching businesses but provided new services. The financial difficulties of particular industries were not necessarily good indicators of overall income growth. For example declining wheat yields were more noticeable than the growing output of meat and dairy products. Prices were especially risky indicators. Prices of outputs (like wool) were more prominent than input prices (like fertiliser), and both declining and rising prices can occur while production increases.
Although these issues were of interest in both Europe and New Zealand, there was a particular interest in measuring progress in a new society. In the 1860s civil servant (later auditor general) Charles Knight recognised that assessing output available to consumers had to take into account the way that products from one industry could be inputs to another industry, whose outputs could improve the standard of living.
This concept of ‘value added’ rather than ‘value of output’ did not become part of international economic thinking until the 1920s and 1930s. Knight’s sophistication had no direct international significance – overseas statisticians also developed the same ideas. Yet it is a rare example of original New Zealand economic thinking. | <urn:uuid:fe56b1eb-c692-4c32-aaf5-69fa9e6bb5e4> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:57:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9701223373413086,
"score": 3.859375,
"token_count": 366,
"url": "https://teara.govt.nz/en/economic-thought/page-4"
} |
Biosecurity aims to reduce the introduction of new pests, weeds and diseases into New Zealand. Ragwort, now a common farm weed, was probably introduced accidentally with pasture grasses. It was first recorded growing wild in 1874, and rapidly spread throughout the country, especially where cattle and horses were grazed.
Using this item
Natural Sciences Image Library of New Zealand
Photograph by Pauline Syrett
This item has been provided for private study purposes (such as school projects, family and local history research) and any published reproduction (print or electronic) may infringe copyright law. It is the responsibility of the user of any material to obtain clearance from the copyright holder. | <urn:uuid:42ca2aaf-d6ec-4bd6-a6d7-19e9f32ff29a> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:34:53",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9562812447547913,
"score": 3.21875,
"token_count": 140,
"url": "https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/19059/ragwort"
} |
The most important aspect of cloud computing is the unlimited scalability like offered by Google App Engine. You might have heard of Cloud Computing CAP Theorem. But, what is this Cloud Computing CAP Theorem is? Let us discuss in details.
Cloud Computing CAP Theorem
In the year 2000, Prof. Eric A. Brewer during a keynote on Principles of Distributed computing described this CAP theorem. So, CAP Theorem was originally for Distributed Computing, not Cloud Computing. To make the difference, the full phrase Cloud Computing CAP Theorem is used when we talk about Cloud Computing. This theorem is also known as Brewer’s theorem.
What Cloud Computing CAP Theorem actually says
CAP is the acronym for the words Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. Consistency means that all clients can always access the same data. Availability means that the all clients are always able to perform the read and write requests. Partition Tolerance means that the system can work even in case of failure of a part (node). Brewer detected that only two can work simultaneously in a distributed system (not Cloud Computing system originally). CAP Theorem is often represented with a triangle and applied for Cloud Computing as well.
Cloud Computing platforms are set on a horizontal scaling – the load is distributed within the Cloud Computing CAP Theorem infrastructure through many nodes, which can consist of cheap hardware!
Therefore a cloud application must necessarily be tolerant to the failure of the individual nodes. High availability is also required, because the end user now shows only a limited understanding of long response times of the Cloud Computing SaaS he or she is using. It follows that a cloud application (at least in large part) in the category (AP) falls. Twitter runs on Cloud Computing Platform, but you must have noted – Twitter often is overloaded, updates of the profile or follower lists are not always immediately visible.
Without penetrating deeply into the architecture of Twitter, we can assume that such updates are performed asynchronously. This is because, no Cloud Computing system can escape CAP Theorem, but can reduce the probability of failure, if they want.
This article on Cloud Computing is written by Eric Srivastava. | <urn:uuid:ede6c0f4-351c-4539-bc12-ee578d1e7b5a> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:01:42",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9418514370918274,
"score": 2.8125,
"token_count": 446,
"url": "https://thecustomizewindows.com/2011/11/cloud-computing-cap-theorem/"
} |
The latitude and longitude gps coordinates of San Pedro Ayampuc (Guatemala)
↓reviews about this city↓
San Pedro Ayampuc is a city in Guatemala.
The city's population is 29,663. The stright distance between San Pedro Ayampuc and Guatemala City
is 12 miles (19 kilometers). Current local time in San Pedro Ayampuc: January 23, 2020, 6:15 pm; Percent change from previous month (Dec 2019) by the visitors: +20%
Distance between San Pedro Ayampuc (Guatemala) and an optional place as the crow flies:
The geographical location (geolocation) of San Pedro Ayampuc is on the north and west hemisphere. | <urn:uuid:2148c235-1174-45de-987f-712c53c9c8ca> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:15:39",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.7849401235580444,
"score": 2.5625,
"token_count": 153,
"url": "https://thegpscoordinates.net/guatemala/san_pedro_ayampuc"
} |
When French and American scholars and journalists attempt to discuss the role of religion in their respective democracies, it is often apparent that in more senses than one, they are not speaking the same language. The legal regimes of separation of religion and state are profoundly similar between the two countries. Yet there is no subject that can reveal the divergent understandings of democracy between them quite like that of laïcité, of which “secularism” is only an imprecise translation. During the periodic flare-ups of controversy in French political debate relating to religion, typically Islam, Americans are often astounded that seemingly harmless symbols such as headscarves are even a subject of discussion for anyone outside of the far right. Defenders of the French secularist tradition frequently retort that America’s supposedly more tolerant model has handed unthinkable amounts of power to the Christian right, which has hardly needed laïcité to develop its own forms of anti-Muslim intolerance.
These sorts of divergences were already apparent in Tocqueville’s time. Writing long before presidential “prayer breakfasts” and the Moral Majority, Tocqueville observed in Democracy in America a remarkable consensus on the idea of separation between religion and politics. Democracy requires this separation, he argued, since a regime built on regular changes of leadership—where power is what Claude Lefort famously called an “empty place”—cannot afford to tie its symbols of authority to a particular spiritual tradition. American religion is allowed to exert an enormous and durable influence in the moral sphere, but this religion becomes something different. Tocqueville was astonished by the “peaceful” nature of a religion adapted to democratic society, which did not seek power in the political sphere, and more often than not was little more than a vehicle for “universal” sentiments. Europeans, in contrast, retained a “political” concept of religion, taking for granted for example that Christianity aims at a certain vision of state power. The French tradition of laïcité has in many ways retained this conception, and Tocqueville’s description of his contemporary “unbelievers” might still describe today’s committed secularists: “Les incrédules d’Europe poursuivent les chrétiens comme des ennemis politiques, plutôt que comme des adversaires religieux.” From this point of view, the “American” approach to religion and state is hopelessly naïve, overlooking the potential for domination and coercion inherent in all religions.
Joan Wallach Scott has been one of the most consistent and challenging critics of this understanding of secularism, and her latest book, Sex and Secularism, sets its sight on what for many secularists is the primary site where protection from religious domination is most necessary: gender equality. Scott’s book, however, is not solely or even primarily a critique of French laïcité. She attempts to challenge what she sees as a dominant myth of secularists from across the contemporary world, the idea that with secularism necessarily comes advances in equality between women and men. In the critical tradition inspired by thinkers like Michel Foucault, Scott makes the historical case that if the separation of religion and state did break down old gender inequalities, it simultaneously constructed new ones of its own.
This forum devoted to Sex and Secularism assembles four thinkers from diverse disciplinary backgrounds to engage with Scott’s book and its contribution to an understanding of contemporary democracy. First, Tim Crane asks whether an ideal of secularism can be retained in light of Scott’s evidence of the role the discourse of secularism has played in reconstructing the subjugation of women. Nadia Abu El-Haj then attempts to push Scott’s analysis of the role of women’s freedom in secular discourse into a discussion of what sex, intimacy, and the family have to do with democratic freedoms more generally. Peter Coviello goes on to examine Scott’s work as a pedagogical project in today’s journalistic context. On a similar note, Valentine Zuber brings Sex and Secularism into some of the latest polemics in the French media. Finally, in her response to these comments, Scott not only defends her methodological focus on secularism as a discourse, but also—in the spirit of a recent article she co-wrote with Ethan Kleinberg and Gary Wilder—makes the case for a larger theoretical project of viewing sexuality as a foil for the uncertainties of democratic society.
This discussion hardly settles the various quarrels between conflicting visions of secularism or gender equality. But whichever side of these debates one comes down on, Scott and her reviewers make clear the centrality of these questions for a transatlantic and transnational understanding of democracy in our time. | <urn:uuid:078e9984-7af7-4482-a9dd-1d9b2d42cb6a> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:12:21",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9398118257522583,
"score": 2.890625,
"token_count": 1004,
"url": "https://tocqueville21.com/focus/focus-sex-and-secularism/"
} |
9th of April
9th of February
10th of day
9th of May
a graphic program designed for creating and processing raster graphics
package of graphic programs included in one product, used initially for processing vector graphics
an American multinational corporation based in Round Rock, Texas, which develops, markets, repairs and maintains computers and related products and services.
a series of laptops from the Macintosh family produced and published by Apple
a high-level general-purpose programming language with an extensive standard library package, whose guiding concept is the readability and clarity of the source code
a building for human habitation, especially one that consists of a ground floor and one or more upper storeys.
an interdisciplinary term, defined differently in different fields of science; most generally - the property of certain objects, the relation between the elements of the sets of certain objects, the essence of which is to reduce uncertainty.
the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium.
internet service, in the legal nomenclature, referred to as the provision of services by electronic means, used for sending text messages
the cognitive process leading to the modification of the behavior of the individual under the influence of experiments, which usually increases the adaptation of the individual to the environment
a global system of connections between computers, also referred to as a network of networks
a term sometimes used to identify issues lying on the borderline of computer science, computer hardware, electronics and telecommunications.
field of technology and science dealing with electrical circuits containing, in addition to passive electronic components, active elements such as vacuum tubes, transistors and diodes
general name of phenomena related to the impact of bodies having an electric charge and the flow of these charges
a microcomputer designed primarily for personal use at home and in the office
computer communication interface replacing old serial ports and parallel ports
script programming language, created by Netscape, most commonly used on websites.
a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
a series of laptops from the Macintosh family produced and published by Apple Inc.
interpreted scripting programming language designed to generate websites and build web applications in real time.
Teleinformatics, information and communication technologies
选择要在Apple App Store上查看的Topgrade应用程序。 | <urn:uuid:7dbab8fd-1849-404c-822d-883fb6c564ee> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:34:14",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8439750075340271,
"score": 2.515625,
"token_count": 501,
"url": "https://topgradeapp.com/zh/playQuiz/science-96"
} |
For the full link, click here.
Researchers working to discover why African-Americans disproportionately suffer from asthma are planning to map the genetic code of 1,000 people of African descent in four years.
The Johns Hopkins-led team of experts in genetics, immunology, epidemiology and allergic disease want to know why up to 20 percent of black people have asthma. The disease afflicts 20 million Americans, causes difficultly breathing, wheezing and tightness in the chest and can lead to hospitalization and death.
What’s different about this study from all the rest?
About $9.5 million in funding comes from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
, part of the National Institutes of Health.
The study results will be publicly available though a national database maintained by the National Library of Medicine, an NIH member. Usually, research studies are NOT available in a public format.
The study of 500 asthmatics and 500 non-asthmatics from 19 U.S., Caribbean, South American and Western African academic researcher centers aims to identify genetic variations that may be associated with elevated disease risk. The important point here is that black people have different genetics for asthma depending on where you live or grew up. The more you know the less you know!
How does all of the “genetic research” improve asthma care? Here’s a video that explains an exciting potential for genetic research—> | <urn:uuid:39d11299-91d9-40c0-a915-d727e4e60b0d> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:18:27",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9086441993713379,
"score": 3.40625,
"token_count": 295,
"url": "https://tulsaallergynews.com/tag/national-institutes-of-health/"
} |
Placement Test Preparation
UC Blue Ash College has prepared a set of guides and tutorials to help students prepare for the English and Math placement tests. The free resources are also designed to help students get ready for college in general.
What You'll Find in These Tutorials
Guides for the English Placement Test
- Introduction Survey - This survey asks questions about your background in English and your confidence in your skills.
- What to expect on the English Placement test
- Working with reading materials
- Reflecting on your writing
- Practice English placement tests
- Sample scoring rubric for the placement test
Guides for the Math Placement Test
- Chart of the mathematics courses offered at UC Blue Ash.
- Practice Placement Tests
- Review of the fundamentals of Algebra
- Review in Math Literacy
- Course on Introductory Algebra
- Course on Intermediate Algebra
Additional Tutorials and Resources Included
In addition to the resources included directly to help with the math and English placement tests, there are additional resources on topics in biology and chemistry that students can review.
Get Started with Free Preparation Materials
The following link will take you to the Open Education Blackboard Portal. In order to access the materials, students need to enroll in the course, and sign-up for a blackboard account.
In addition, students should have completed applying to UC Blue Ash College before accessing these resources.
Additional Math Resources
Entry-level mathematics courses at UC are divided into three groups. The sample questions have been divided into three corresponding groups. Download printable PDFs using the "Print Questions" and "Print Answers" links in the chart.
Do not use a calculator! These questions represent mathematical tasks that you are expected to do in the various courses without the aid of electronic devices.
Muntz Hall | Room 151 | <urn:uuid:36fcdf57-7361-4631-9fa2-4baabae09233> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:44:46",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.897993803024292,
"score": 2.640625,
"token_count": 378,
"url": "https://ucblueash.edu/admissions/placement/preparation.html"
} |
When so many Visual Arts courses require students to maintain and present Visual Diaries for assessment purposes, then much more is needed to meet the requirements and obligations expected. If you’ve ever had students who find it difficult to generate ideas beyond simple interpretations; have students who have too many unused pages at the end of a semester, or students who have work pages that are the same as most other students, then help is required, and at hand.
The second edition of a package, titled Visual Diary Guide has been prepared by Hilary Senhanli to assist art teachers and students in Year 7 to 10 to get a real handle on Visual Diaries. It makes clear the reality that Visual Diaries are far more complex than often thought. It outlines things that need to be included and many exciting potential ideas that students can explore both in class and at home. Most importantly it underlies the belief that student at all levels need to be involved in using their Visual Diaries positively in the present, but also as a means of developing thinking and working processes that make everything so much more valuable and individual in future years.
Both student workbooks is centred around a series of more than 95 consequentially planned and related activities and some excellent project activities. These could be used by teachers to form the basis of their program, or as idea-prompters that students can undertake as required. The demonstration and example material is of excellent quality and can be effectively used to inspire and motivate students. Like all good activities most are not rigidly age-specific although the latest series has been specifically produced for years 7/8 and year 9/10. They can be interpreted appropriately by students working earlier in their art education and later in the senior levels. The project section outlines everything required about the how and why of using Visual Diaries. It provides the basis for planning and evaluating activities and the use of Visual Diaries in class and at home.
The exciting prospect of enabling each student to have their personal copy of the Visual Diary Guide seems the best way to make full use of the enormous range of exciting research-based Visual Diary activities provided. Regardless of your experience the Visual Diary Guide is a publication you need to check out. I have and wish I’d had it years ago.
Dr Max Darby
Arts Education Consultant
This review is originally published for Zart Extra Magazine
Feedabck from Nationwide Workshops
- Thanks, I enjoyed the range of activities and not just sitting and listening – Greg
- Great, lots of new stuff – Susan
- The activities were fast and effective – Chris
- I thoroughly enjoyed the afternoon. I think you are doing wonderful things for Art Education – Stephanie
- Concept of Visual Diary to document life is excellent! – Deb
- Student Workbook with activities? Good idea – Adriana
- It would be great to have the workbook for each teacher and student. We need to focus on the Visual Diary as being a “journey” – Veronica
- The PD was very supportive in terms of “motivation”. Quick activities to get creativity development was really effective – Tayla
- Loved the pace and the emphasis on experimentation – Fiona
- Booklisting the workbook would be fantastic. Everyone needs to “get on board” 🙂 – Karen
- A good way of using the diary to develop student styles. Also a relaxed and constructive approach to using the Visual Diary – Deborah
- Great ideas, development and inspirational for students and teachers. Covered overall aspects in such a small amount of time. Would like to attend another workshop like this – Rina
- Really liked the quick activities to get the ideas out – Kimberly
- A simple but effective approach with the potential to improve students creativity and willingness to experiment when creating art – Marion
- I found this PD extremely useful for Year 7 & 8 to improve their Visual Diary use and their creativity/drawing skills. Hilary was very knowledgeable and was able to answer questions – Rae
- I enjoyed consolidating the ideas from last year and seeing how to better implement it in my school – Rachel
- I really enjoyed it and found it inspiring – Allison
- Enjoyed the Workshop. Idea of iteration really stood out – Jodie
- Thanks Hilary – it was awesome! – Rebecca | <urn:uuid:cb59dd6b-a27b-415a-9805-03b539b41eb1> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:08:36",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9659155607223511,
"score": 2.78125,
"token_count": 882,
"url": "https://visualdiaryguide.com/testimonials/"
} |
This chapter is concerned with two types of radiometric measurements essential to verify atmospheric correction algorithms and to calibrate vicariously satellite ocean color sensors. The first type is a photometric measurement of the direct solar beam to determine the optical thickness of the atmosphere. The intensity of the solar beam can be measured directly, or obtained indirectly from measurements of diffuse global upper hemispheric irradiance. The second type is a measurement of the solar aureole and sky radiance distribution using a CCD camera, or a scanning radiometer viewing in and perpendicular to the solar principal plane. From the two types of measurements, the optical properties of aerosols, highly variable in space and time, can be derived. Because of the high variability, the aerosol properties should be known at the time of satellite overpass. Atmospheric optics measurements, however, are not easy to perform at sea, from a ship or any platform. This complicates the measurement protocols and data analysis. Some instrumentation cannot be deployed at sea, and is limited to island and coastal sites. In the following, measurement protocols are described for radiometers commonly used to measure direct atmospheric transmittance and sky radiance, namely standard sun photometers, fast-rotating shadow-band radiometers, automated sky scanning systems, and CCD cameras. Methods and procedures to analyze and quality control the data are discussed, as well as proper measurement strategies for evaluation of atmospheric correction algorithms and satellite-derived ocean color.
In Situ Aerosol Optical Thinkness Collected by the SIMBIOS Program (1997-2000): Protocols, and and Data QC and Analysis; 26-42; NASA/TM-2001-209982 | <urn:uuid:5dd63054-08d6-40fb-8c5f-c87028eef3f3> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:59:16",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8563476800918579,
"score": 3.203125,
"token_count": 339,
"url": "https://waesearch.kobv.de/advancedSearch.do?fq=schlagwort_exakt%3AAstrophysics&sortCrit=score&sortOrder=desc&hitsPerPage=10&fq=schlagwort_exakt%3AGeophysics&index=internal&f1=author&v1=Porter%2C+&conj1=&f2=&v2=&conj2=&f3=&v3=&conj3=&f4=&v4=&conj4=&f5=&v5=&conj5=&f6=&v6=&conj6=&f7=&v7=&plv=2"
} |
DES MOINES, Iowa – The Iowa Department of Public Health and Iowa Department of Education are teaming up to bring educators a healthcare toolkit.
The healthcare health science toolkit aims to educate middle and high school students on a variety of careers in the health science industry.
Iowa Department of Education Consultant Joe Collins said, “It’s just trying to help better understand those careers that are available within the state of Iowa so that they know the opportunities are within our state and they don’t have to leave.”
This resource aims to educate students on careers that have a competitive salary but do not require more than two years of additional schooling.
“You go into it and there is so many different specializations so you could be about 80 different types of nurses. It’s really one of those industries where your personality and your interest can come out and you can really make your stamp on this industry,” Collins said.
According to the U.S. Department of Labor by 2026 there will be an estimated 2.4 million jobs in the health care field across the country.
The toolkit allows students to understand different career paths in the industry like becoming a paramedic, dietitian, data analytics and more.
“I know a lot of people when they hear healthcare, health science they think blood and nastiness. Well, that’s not necessarily true. You could work in a lab or you could work directly with someone taking blood, but there is also all of these other careers that you may never frankly see blood,” Collins said.
The toolkit is part of Governor Kim Reynold’s Future Ready Iowa Plan to have 70 percent of the workforce in the state educated and trained.
Other partners include the Iowa Hospital Association, Iowa Health Care Association and other various healthcare providers. | <urn:uuid:f73c5675-55d4-4d5f-8a09-18de207da7d8> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:23:54",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.960024356842041,
"score": 2.53125,
"token_count": 382,
"url": "https://whotv.com/2019/10/22/new-toolkit-educating-students-on-health-science-careers/"
} |
National Animal Shelter Appreciation Week is the second week in November, which made me think about the amazing work these organizations do. There are many misconceptions about what shelters provide to our communities and the incredible efforts the staff make to ensure these abandoned animals find loving homes.
What do animal shelters do?
An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are brought. … Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.
How may animal shelters are there?
Approximately 5,000 animal shelters operate in the United States. They are nonprofit agencies. Some of them are run by local governments’ animal control services and others act as completely independent entities. There isn’t a national agency that oversees animal shelters; however, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and other nonprofit organizations that are devoted to animal welfare provide the funding and guidelines to help animal shelters operate effectively.
How long do shelters keep animals?
How long an animal can remain in a shelter depends on local laws and the individual shelter’s rules. Although the Humane Society recommends that shelters hold strays for at least five days, the actual number of days can vary based on the space in the shelter, as well as the health and adoptability of the animals. Most shelters will take every stray that arrives, but are forced to euthanize some animals when they become too full.
What is a ‘no kill’ shelter?
A smaller number of shelters only accept limited numbers of animals but promise to care for them until they are adopted. These are called “no kill” shelters. Despite the name, though, these shelters will euthanize animals that are too old or ill to care for anymore.
Why should I adopt from a shelter?
It costs only about $40 to $100 to adopt a pet from a shelter (this covers the shelter’s costs of spaying or neutering the animal, as well as vaccinations, medications and food). Buying a dog through a breeder can run into the hundreds—or even thousands—of dollars; animal shelters are much more economical. People sometimes assume they will only find “mutts” at a shelter, but about a quarter of the animals in shelters are purebreds. Another misconception is that animal shelters only house older animals. In reality, most have large numbers of kittens and puppies waiting for loving homes.
What do animal shelters need?
Shelters can always use extra supplies. Contact your local shelter or rescue group to see if it has a ‘wish list’ of items it needs. Often the list will include: Water and food bowls, blankets and beds. Most organizations have a ‘wish list’ on their website, so take a look to make sure your items will be accepted: https://www.animalhumanesociety.org/donate/donate-our-wish-list
Remember, the staff who work at animal shelters do the same things most pet owners do to care for their pets. They feed the animals, make sure they have enough water, clean their cages, walk them, pet them and care for sick animals that need special medical attention. A single shelter can house hundreds of animals, and there usually isn’t a lot of money available for hired help, so volunteers are an essential part of shelter operations. Though you won’t get a paycheck, the tail wags and purrs you get in return will make it worth your while, so ADOPT or VOLUNTEER at your local shelter and make a difference! | <urn:uuid:a67c71c4-96af-442d-ad12-45b649ef8abb> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:30:16",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9431198239326477,
"score": 2.96875,
"token_count": 762,
"url": "https://wiggleless.com/blogs/blog/animal-shelters"
} |
Below are my proposed changes to the current Central Council Decisions on Methods and Peals. There has been some discussion in August 2008 on the Ringing Theory mailing list. These changes would be quite far-reaching - Graham John has pointed out some implications (to which I have also responded) on this page.
Philip Earis - August 2008.
The sole purpose of these Decisions on methods is to accurately and consistently classify what can be rung. Where new peals complying with the conditions above are rung, it is the duty of the Methods Committee to ensure that the details are recorded, and these Decisions altered where necessary to provide a consistent framework for so doing.
A row is a permutation on the number of bells being rung. Each bell rings once and only once in each row.
A method is defined by the places made between successive rows of its plain course, which shall be a round block, divisible into at least two equal parts.
A lead is the shortest section of the plain course which, when repeated, generates the plain course.
Bells which are in the same position at the beginning of each lead are known as hunt bells, unless they remain in the same position throughout the lead. Bells which are not in the same position at the beginning of each lead are known as working bells.
A call is a means of altering the places made between two consecutive rows in a method. It is not part of the definition of the method.
The stage describes the total number of bells ringing. The stage names for different numbers of bells are:- 4 Minimus, 5 Doubles, 6 Minor, 7 Triples, 8 Major, 9 Caters, 10 Royal, 11 Cinques, 12 Maximus, 13 Sextuples, 14 Fourteen, 15 Septuples, 16 Sixteen, etc.
C. Classification of methods
- (a) A well-formed path is one in which the hunt bell has the same path if it is rung backwards and is symmetrical about two places made half a lead apart.
- (b) In Plain methods the hunt bell has a well-formed path and strikes two blows in each position of the path within the lead.
- (c) In Treble Dodging methods the hunt bell has a well-formed path, strikes more than two but the same number of blows in each position of the path within the lead and makes only two places within the lead.
- (d) In Treble Place methods, the hunt bell has a well-formed path, strikes the same number of blows in each position of the path within the lead and makes more than two places within the lead.
- (e) In Alliance methods, the hunt bell has a well-formed path, but does not strike the same number of blows in each position of the path.
- (f) In Hybrid methods, the hunt bell does not have a well-formed path.
- (g) A Principle is a method with no hunt bell.
Further to the above, a number of historical conventions exist about further secondary classifications of the primary method types:
- Place methods are Plain methods in which the path of each bell consists only of hunting and place-making.
- Bob methods are all other Plain methods.
- Treble Bob methods are Treble Dodging methods in which the hunt bell dodges in only one position, or that have no internal places made at any cross section.
- Surprise methods are Treble Dodging methods in which at least one internal place is made at every cross section.
- Delight methods are all other Treble Dodging methods.
D. Classification of methods with two or more hunt bells
Each hunt bell is either a principal hunt or a secondary hunt. The properties (a) to (e) are considered in turn and the paths of the hunt bells are examined until a hunt bell is found whose path has that property.
- (a) Plain hunting;
- (b) Treble Dodging;
- (c) Treble Place;
- (d) Alliance;
- (e) Hybrid Methods with two or more hunt bells are classified using the definitions and classifications for methods with one hunt bell but with reference to all the principal hunts.
- (a) The title of a method shall consist of name, class(es) (except for principles), and stage. An up-to-date collection of rung methods shall be kept and published by the Methods Committee of the Central Council, and made freely available. The collection should be available ordered by primary method class.
- (b) A method may not be given a name if the title (excluding the Stage) would be the same as a method in a different class on that same stage.
The band that first rings a peal complying with the Decisions on Peal Ringing of a new method (or includes a new method in a multi-method peal) shall name the method according to the conventions above, and publish it in The Ringing World. The Council has the authority to change the name if it considers a pressing reason makes this necessary.
F. Method Extension
It is acknowledged that no consistent set of rules about extending a method onto a higher stage can work in all cases. When naming a new method, a band is encouraged to only use the name of an existing method in the same class on a lower stage when it will be generally agreed that there are sufficient similarities in the methods to justify this. The Council retains the authority to change a name in the published method collections where this is not the case.
(E) Peal Ringing
A. Conditions required for all peals
A peal shall consist of either
- At least 5000 different rows
- Or at least 5000 rows consisting of a round block containing an integer number of extents on that stage, plus a true part-extent.
A peal shall be rung without interval
No unfair assistance shall be given to any ringers by any person not ringing in the peal.
The use of physical aids to memory in conducting and ringing is not permitted.
Any shift or error in ringing shall be corrected immediately.
Compositions in more than one method shall be called 'spliced'. Peal reports shall state the number and names of all methods separately, and the number of rows rung in each method.
B. Record length peals
The Record Length Peal in a method or group of methods on a given number of bells shall be the longest length complying with the Decisions on Peal Ringing. Tower bell and handbell records shall be kept separately. Record Length Peals of 10000 or more rows must comply with the additional conditions below:
- (a) Not less than 14 days' notice shall be given in The Ringing World, stating the place, date and hour at which the attempt is to be made, and stating the method, number of bells and number of changes proposed to be rung. A copy of the notice shall be sent to the Peal Records Committee.
- (b) The ringing is to be heard and the figures of the composition to be checked throughout the peal by a competent umpire or umpires.
- (c) If a record length is rung the peal report and the figures of the composition, if not previously published, shall be sent immediately to the Chairman of the Peal Records Committee. :
- (d) For handbell peals, arrangements shall be made for interested persons to be able to hear the attempt.
Any objection which may be taken to a peal shall be raised to the conductor in the first instance. If this does not resolve the matter, objections should be raised in writing to the The Ringing World. Objections that may be received should be considered by the Central Council on a case-by-case basis, and judged against reasonable expectations for what a peal is. | <urn:uuid:225dae2d-30df-40a9-b9b1-2c353deb578c> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:05:40",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9236363768577576,
"score": 2.671875,
"token_count": 1639,
"url": "https://wiki.changeringing.co.uk/Episode_IV_-_A_New_Hope"
} |
The Late Heavy Bombardment happened about 4 billion years ago, and lasted for a couple hundred million years. The prevailing theory is that it occurred when the outer giant planets changed their orbits, scattering many small bodies from the asteroid and Kuiper belts. This dramatically changed the structure of the outer Solar System. Many of these small bodies - asteroids, for example - hit the terrestrial planets, as well as the Moon.
We do appear to have a second case of this happening, in the planetary system of Eta Corvi. Some of the dust in the system is theorized to have come from collisions between asteroids and similarly-sized bodies, as well as from a planetary-mass object. The trigger for the bombardment is unknown, although it could be due to planetary migration, as in our own Solar System.
That said, the bombardment rates during the Late Heavy Bombardment are much lower than what you're looking for - likely because there just isn't enough matter in the Solar System to keep up impacts at the rate you want for long geological timescales. On shorter timescales, though, a drastically sped-up bombardment could work.
For a nice visualization, check out this simulation on YouTube.
At $t=505$ million years, the system is pretty stable. The gas giants are, in order, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus, and the green bodies represent objects in the Kuiper Belt. The inner terrestrial planets are not shown:
At $t=882$ million years, the system has recently experienced an instability. The orbits of Neptune and Uranus are changing, and the smaller objects are being scattered across the Solar System:
At $t=983$ million years, the giant planets have started to settle down a bit, and better resemble the outer Solar System as seen today. The Kuiper Belt is now substantially less dense than it originally was - more like its current structure:
For a comparison, here's Figure 8 of Lisse et al. (2012), showing the modeled structure of the Eta Corvi system. The red bodies are the analog of the Kuiper Belt; the inner blue bodies constitute a smaller disk that may be made of debris from a planet that sustained extreme collisions with asteroids: | <urn:uuid:056aa681-3c29-403a-a45e-79d2af8b5a8e> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:45:15",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9563001394271851,
"score": 4.21875,
"token_count": 462,
"url": "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/115175/astronomical-event-that-creates-meteoroids-asteroids-on-a-collision-course-with/115204"
} |
Air conditioning systems are a valuable way of controlling the atmosphere within workplaces and houses alike. They help to maintain a temperature that is safe, healthy and comfortable. Till the time these units are properly sustained, the advantages they offer are risk-free. However, if any of the precautions are neglected, it is possible for the system to become a potential health hazard.
What are the Dangers of a Poorly Maintained Unit?
One of the biggest side effects of a badly maintained air conditioning unit is that it has the ability to spread disease causing microorganisms through air circulation. Since most houses and offices have central air conditioning, any such health hazard is spread effectively throughout the area. Contaminants and pollutants inside the system contribute to a number of health problems like:
- Sore throat and coughing
- Wheezing and congestion
- Flu-like illnesses
- Nose, eye and throat irritation
Such issues often pop up because of poor cleaning leading to dirt, dust, and other allergic particles being carried around by circulating air. When viruses, bacteria, or fungi contaminate the air conditioning system, dangers can become more severe. A variety of illnesses can be spread or caused by lack of maintenance. Perhaps the most common disease that is spread due to problems with the A/C is Legionnaire’s disease.
The Legionella bacteria develops in temperatures between seventy to hundred Fahrenheit, making the moist, warm climate inside the A/C units an ideal ground for breeding. This disease is basically a kind of pneumonia with signs such as body aches, headache, nausea, high fever and chest pains. If not treated on time, Legionnaire can cause permanent mental or physical damage to the body. If the fever is not reduced and antibodies are ineffective, death can also occur.
The best way of avoiding these dangers is to ensure that your system is regularly checked, well-maintained, and kept clean. Regular cleaning, particularly around outlets and intakes, is the best way to avoid problems related to asthma or allergies. Outlets and intakes are not just the easiest areas to reach, but also where allergens and dust tends to collect most. Simply averting dust build-up can go a long way in preventing the hazards.
This also involves not letting your unit sit idle. Water must keep flowing through the unit rather than keeping it stagnant, because still water gives a chance for disease-causing agents to multiply. It is also advised to keep the water at a temperature that does not allow legionella and other organisms to thrive. This means keeping the element above 140 Fahrenheit or 60 degrees centigrade, or cooling it to less than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees centigrade.
Maintaining an A/C unit regularly can help in reducing health risks to a great extent. Speak to a HVAC professional for details on ways to conserve your air conditioning system. Given how easy it is to have a system cleaned, it’s a very small price to pay to guard it against health issues. The effectiveness and quality of the air conditioner filters and the health of your family are very strongly connected. Hence, it is also recommended to go for a more systematic, professional cleaning to ensure that proper hygiene is maintained at all times. One of the best ways to find out about HVAC experts is to look online. The internet offers a plethora of options for you to choose from. | <urn:uuid:27c23a1e-22c7-4fbb-b06a-c5c7e91fad3d> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:39:37",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.940538763999939,
"score": 3,
"token_count": 691,
"url": "https://www.72degreescb.com/blog/air-conditioning-maintenance/dangers-of-badly-maintained-air-conditioners/"
} |
Feral Pigeons(Columbia livia)
BiologyBreeding can occur throughout the year, but the peak occurs between March and July. Two white eggs are laid and incubated for 17-19 days by both parents. The young pigeons or squabs are fed on high protein Pigeon milk. But this gradually replaced by regurgitated grain. The young are independent after 30-37 days. Up to 4 broods maybe reared during the year. Some young birds breed at 6 months.
HabitsNests are built in or on buildings, bridges, ledges or hollows such as gutters. Grass, twigs, feathers and scraps such as pieces of wire are used in their unusually flimsy nests. Feral Pigeons mainly rely on spillage’s or scraps left by the public. Some pigeons fly to arable farmlands to feed on sowings and stubbles. Pigeons normally feed in flocks.
Reasons for ControlContamination of goods and machinery, fouling of buildings and products, spread of diseases, comply with UK Legislation.
Solution How to get rid of PigeonsThe best solution to the question “How to get rid of pigeons?” is to call the experts, as we are experienced with the best and tried methods to get rid of your unwanted pests.
Contact A and H Pest Control | <urn:uuid:30688aca-663b-4216-ab9a-51ba298b32d2> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:45:31",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9690636992454529,
"score": 3.28125,
"token_count": 287,
"url": "https://www.aandhpestcontrol.co.uk/gallery/feral-pigeons"
} |
Injury risk also rises dramatically from overuse. Playing one sport continually doesn't allow the body to rest those movements, putting muscles and joints at risk. One of the most common overuse injuries is Tommy John surgery among young, year-round baseball players.
Skillsets also cross sports. Many of the world's best athletes have fostered their skills while playing sports other than the one they went pro in.
Two-time NBA MVP Steve Nash has some of the best vision in NBA history. Many say he saw the game of basketball multiple steps ahead like a soccer player, the game he grew up playing in Canada.
Three-time Pro Bowl wide receiver DeSean Jackson helped hone his world-class speed as a track and field athlete, while he developed his elite ball tracking ability playing baseball.
Four-time NBA MVP LeBron James was an all-state wide receiver in Ohio his first two years of high school, while Pro Bowl tight ends Antonio Gates and Jimmy Graham played basketball through college.
This is also true for cardiovascular health. Being in basketball shape is different than soccer shape, which is different from football shape. Developing the different cardio zones is extremely beneficial in young athletes.
As for when to specialize—the advice is simple: Listen to your kid. By the time your child develops the fine motor skills to develop a real skillset in a particular sport they'll also have a sense of self and be able to tell you where their passions lie.
Early development is all about developing basic athletic skills. The more sports a child plays the more chances they have to develop into a well-rounded athlete.
For more tips and information, listen to the multi-sport training edition of the Train With The Best Podcast with Craig Hoffman, Buffalo Bills Pro Bowl Linebacker Lorenzo Alexander and his trainer Chris Gorres.
Craig Hoffman is a certified personal trainer and Explosive Performance Coach at OneLife Fitness in Reston, VA. He's also a radio host at CBS Radio's 106.7 The Fan in Washington, DC.
READ THIS NEXT: 10 Dynamic Warm-up Exercises for Youth Athletes | <urn:uuid:32d65bdd-aeac-474a-a675-de3f26596618> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:57:07",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9658065438270569,
"score": 2.5625,
"token_count": 430,
"url": "https://www.activekids.com/football/articles/6-reasons-why-single-sport-specialization-is-out?page=2"
} |
We have all heard the horror stories that happen when people get behind the wheel intoxicated. There are groups and organizations specifically dedicated to stopping drunk driving, such as mothers against drunk driving (MADD) and students against drunk driving (SADD).
Driving while impaired is not a subject that should be taken lightly by any means, but have you heard of a lesser known driving condition that can negatively affect a person’s ability to drive safely? It is known as “Drowsy Driving” and can be just as deadly as drunk driving.
What is Drowsy Driving?
Drowsy driving is defined as driving sleepy or fatigued. Chronic lack of sleep clogs the mind and slows reaction time. Despite the very real dangers associated while driving when sleepy, it is very common in today’s society especially with teens and young adults, truck drivers, and shift workers.
The National Sleep Foundation estimates that roughly 168 million people have driven drowsy in the last year. That is 168 million potential accidents. That’s 168 million potential deaths. It is a scary statistic to consider because anyone behind the wheel could be unintentionally driving drowsy.
How impaired are drowsy drivers?
Tired drivers may not be aware of the correlation between how lack of sleep and intoxication can be comparable safety hazards on the road. Below is a list of some facts on how dangerous drinking and driving is to sleep deprived driving:
Similar impairment to drunk driving or distracted driving
Blood alcohol levels between .05-.08 = 18 hours of wakefulness.
In several clinical and field studies conducted by major news outlets in conjunction with scientists, drivers actually performed worse in a sleep deprived state than they did while under the influence of alcohol.
Even accidents that are not explicitly reported as sleep-related can be influenced by drowsiness. Wrecks caused by drowsy drivers are often severe or deadly because the driver makes little attempt to avert the accident.
Investigators have often noticed the absence of skid marks or other signs of braking to avoid the accident, which suggests evidence of microsleep.
Microsleeps and Driving
A microsleep is defined as “the process of entering incredibly short periods of very light sleep which typically occur whilst undergoing monotonous tasks which have been completed habitually before, hence requiring the least amount of attention”.
These brief, unintended episodes are normally accompanied by blank stares, head bobbing, and prolonged eye closure. It is unclear what happens to the brain during these microsleeps but it appears certain parts of the brain effectively fall asleep while the rest of the brain in awake. The common description of someone being in a "daze" is a way of describing someone who is this stage.
Below is a video that showcases what lack of sleep looks like while driving:
Tips to Avoid Microsleeps
The first step to avoiding these unconcious mini naps is to become aware of how sleep deprived you really are and to plan ahead before getting behind the wheel.
Get Your Sleep: The average person needs 7 to 9 hours of sleep to function optimally. Receiving 6 or fewer hours of sleep triples your risk.
Schedule Regular Stops: Plan on stopping every 100 miles or 2 hours to give yourself a break and freshen up. Bring a camera and take pictures of your trip to help wake you up.
Take a Power Nap: Safely pull off the road and take a 20-minute nap to rejuvenate before getting back on the road.
Caffeinate: Experts recommend drinking the equivalent of 2 cups of coffee to keep awake. It will take 30 minutes for caffeine to enter your bloodstream and start to kick in, so plan accordingly.
Get a Co-Pilot: A passenger can look out for warning signs of sleep deprivation/fatigue and also help with driving when needed. Plus, stimulating conversation helps keep you awake.
Sleep deprivation, possibly involving microsleeps, has been responsible for some of the worst well-known disasters of human history including:
Chernobyl nuclear explosion
Exxon Valdez oil spill
Space shuttle Challenger explosion
Studies have linked sleep deprivation to over $31 billion in the US in workplace errors. Sleep deprivation, fatigue, drowsy driving, and microsleeps are not to be underestimated. | <urn:uuid:e12b356a-9130-4df0-95a3-55e403a6834d> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:52:58",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9533220529556274,
"score": 3.53125,
"token_count": 880,
"url": "https://www.alaskasleep.com/blog/drowsy-driving-the-dangers-of-microsleeps-and-sleep-deprivation"
} |
Responsible for securing an organization's physical and digital security.
- Devise policies and procedures regarding areas such as business continuity planning, loss prevention and fraud prevention, and privacy.
- Oversee and coordinate security efforts across the company, including information technology, human resources, communications, legal, facilities management and other groups.
- Identify security initiatives and standards.
- Oversee network of vendors and directors who secure the company's assets.
- Oversee safeguarding of intellectual property and computer systems.
- Develop procedures to ensure physical safety of employees and visitors.
- Manage the development and implementation of global security policy, standards, guidelines and procedures.
- Ensure security is maintained and updated.
- Create workplace violence awareness and prevention programs.
- Implement video surveillance.
- Prioritize security initiatives.
- Develop network access and monitoring policies.
- Maintain relationships with local, state and federal law enforcement and other related government agencies.
- Develop emergency procedures and incident responses.
- Investigate security breaches.
- Implement disciplinary procedures.
- Conduct audits to find holes in security platform.
- Develop risk management assessments.
- Create global security policy, standards, guidelines and procedures to ensure ongoing maintenance of security. | <urn:uuid:7e2f3d07-32ce-45c2-ba78-e91b67da6a94> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:01:13",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.812042772769928,
"score": 2.515625,
"token_count": 256,
"url": "https://www.americasjobexchange.com/chief-security-officer-job-description"
} |
Many industrial buildings, including nuclear power plants and chemical plants, rely on ultrasound instruments that continually monitor the structural integrity of their systems without damaging or altering their features. One new technique draws on laser technology and candle soot to genera ... more
Folded paper creates portable lab for field laboratory tests
Monitoring and tracking biological threats or epidemics require the ability to carry out medical and laboratory tests in the field during a disaster or other austere situations. Expensive laboratory equipment is often unavailable in these settings, so inexpensive point-of-care technology is needed.
Ordinary paper is often used in these situations, since it's cheap, portable and widely available. However, paper poses some problems that hinder its usefulness. In a issue of Biointerphases, from AIP Publishing, investigators from the University of Maine report a technique that greatly improves the performance of paper-based point-of-care technologies.
"Paper is a biodegradable resource that can help us address more future challenges than we think," co-author Caitlin Howell said.
In their research, the authors coated low-cost paper with a thin silicone polymer layer infused with a nontoxic silicone liquid and then folded the coated paper into precise geometries, creating vastly improved in-the-field devices for concentrating and testing biological samples. Although folded paper has been used in the past to create low-cost, portable field-testing equipment, it almost always relies on surface tension to move liquid through paper fibers.
Because these fibers vary widely in diameter and length, delivery of inconsistent volumes of fluid to the detector can occur, and losses of up to 50% of the fluid sample into the paper's pores are common. Also, paper pores are small, preventing the flow of large particles, such as blood cells and microbes, which significantly affects the accuracy of tests.
To address these issues, the coated paper creates a slippery overlayer that prevents biological materials, such as bacteria, from permanently sticking to the paper and allows droplets to slide off without leaving traces of fluid behind. It can be folded to create small cups to hold liquid samples.
The coated paper performed much more efficiently and reliably than dry, uncoated paper, regardless of the type of paper used, in terms of both the way the droplets evaporated and the way they easily slid off the paper.
Another test involved samples of live bacteria, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, placed into the paper cups and heated to concentrate and culture the samples. Coated paper performed much better than plain paper for E. coli, with nearly triple the number of bacteria in the coated-paper cups as compared to dry cups. Results for S. aureus were not quite as good, however, so further research will be needed.
- point-of-care diagnosis
As a solution evaporates, the dissolved chemicals concentrate until they begin forming a crystal through a process called nucleation. Industries that use small crystals in pharmaceuticals, food and microelectronics are seeking to understanding this nucleation event. Scientists studying nucl ... more
Metallic glasses -- alloys lacking the crystalline structure normally found in metals -- are an exciting research target for tantalizing applications, including artificial joints and other medical implant devices. However, the difficulties associated with predicting how much energy these ma ... more
- 1Ultrafast birth of free radicals observed in water
- 2analytica 2020: New instruments for battery research
- 3Looking at the good vibes of molecules: a new method for label-free metabolic imaging
- 4Eppendorf with new CEO dual leadership
- 5Separating Drugs with MagLev
- 6Paper-based test could diagnose Lyme disease at early stages
- 7A fine sense for molecules
- 8Differentiating amino acids: Foundation for direct sequencing of individual proteins developed
- 9Researchers create nanoscale sensors to better see how high pressure affects materials
- 10Sensing Protein Wellbeing | <urn:uuid:3d001d73-b70a-4521-bd07-361d09d0f1a2> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:53:26",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9341177940368652,
"score": 3.265625,
"token_count": 809,
"url": "https://www.analytica-world.com/en/news/1162457/folded-paper-creates-portable-lab-for-field-laboratory-tests.html"
} |
GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE
Garden of Gethsemane
The Garden of Gethsemane is a magnificent 1200 square meters urban garden among a grove of olive trees, located adjacent to the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, and is the place where Jesus went with his disciples to pray after the Last Supper on the eve of his crucifixion. Successively, the garden became an important pilgrimage site for Christians and a highlight site for any trip to Jerusalem. In addition to its religious significance, a study revealed that the olive trees in the garden are some of the oldest in the world approximately 2,000 years old and still producing olive until today.
Beside the garden stands the Church of All Nations, also known as (The Basilica of the Agony), built over the rock where Jesus is believed to have prayed the night before he was crucified. The church is particularly recognized by the fabulous mosaic above the entrance, which depicts Jesus and his disciples.
About 100 meters north of the church is the Grotto of Gethsemane, a place that Jesus visited often while he was in Jerusalem, and also the place where he was arrested after his betrayal. Despite all renovations, this place has preserved the same appearance it had during the Christ’s times.
On a short walk from the Grotto of Gethsemane, is the place where most Eastern Christians assume it to be the location of the Christ’s mother tomb. Visiting the site represents a memorable experience, a holy place, packed with iconography, decorations and a medieval portrait of the Madonna and Child.
The Mount of Olives area, is full of historical and religious locations and is a must visit for Jerusalem visitors. Also, it is just a 10 minute walk away from the Old City.
Sunday - Thursday
Friday - Saturday
Phone #: 02-6266444
Address: Mount of Olives | <urn:uuid:e017eb1c-13d5-46aa-a85f-1b0c46b81d68> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:37:00",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9655618071556091,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 396,
"url": "https://www.apriltours.com/copy-of-jerusalem-churches"
} |
The term “nonprofit” is usually associated with large, legal entities which can either be socially or politically inclined. A nonprofit is more organized and is often represented by any of its staff from its charter or governing body. In big countries, like Canada, a nonprofit can have the privilege of a tax-exempt status. On the other hand, a not for profit is usually associated with a smaller group which is generally focused on human interest areas like a hobby or any particular sport. Considering this, a not for profit can’t have the privilege of a tax-exempt status.
We often think how a nonprofit and not-for-profit organizations usually work. If they don’t gain any money from their free services, how do they benefit from it? Not all people are money-driven. Some are also service-driven. A nonprofit and a not-for-profit organization are also able to make money through sponsorships and donations from several groups. They only become a nonprofit and a not-for-profit since they don’t use the money for their personal gain. But to be able to keep the organization alive and kicking, they have to use the profits they earn so as to continue their mission of giving free service to the people. The nonprofit and not-for-profit establishments are composed of volunteers.
A nonprofit organization must meet the following conditions: It belongs to a charter; is built and organized with a mission of serving the community, or helping the community to make it a better place. And lastly, a nonprofit organization doesn’t deal with paying of dividends among stockholders. Meanwhile, a not-for-profit organization only fits within the following criteria: It is involved in smaller groups and revolves around a particular hobby or recreational activity; doesn’t have charters or a governing board; must not have the intentions of earning money.
For more information call Ashcroft & Associates at 250-334-3797. | <urn:uuid:ab048522-5bce-4e28-a4b8-8fd95d9e613c> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:36:36",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.965986967086792,
"score": 2.8125,
"token_count": 400,
"url": "https://www.ashcroftassociates.ca/differences-between-nonprofit-and-not-for-profit/"
} |
Pedestrians often know the risks of walking near traffic. Even so, statistics indicate that they'll not only take on these risks. They may also increase the danger by allowing themselves to be distracted.
For example, one study looked at accidents in which pedestrians were using headphones when they were hit. In 2004, there were 16 such accidents. In 2010, there were 47.
Researchers warned that headphone use is a clear distraction that can make an accident more likely. A pedestrian stepping into a crosswalk without headphones may be able to hear a car speeding up and making a left-hand turn, but a pedestrian without headphones may be oblivious. This can lead to accidents that could otherwise have been avoided.
In fact, roughly 33 percent of drivers who were involved in these accidents said they hit the horn before the accident. Pedestrians did not always hear the warning.
These accidents can be fatal. Almost 70 percent of them ended with the death of the pedestrian. That was out of 116 total crashes that were studied. While 10 percent of these happened in rural or suburban areas, most -- the other 90 percent -- took place in cities.
Of course, pedestrians have a right to safety, whether they're wearing headphones or not. While avoiding distractions is wise and can certainly help prevent serious injury, they're not obligated to leave the MP3 player or the phone at home so that they can dodge cars in crosswalks. Those who are hit can face high medical bills and need to know all of their legal options to gain compensation.
Source: Live Science, "Injuries, Deaths Rise for Pedestrians Wearing Headphones," Linda Thrasybule, accessed Oct. 16, 2017 | <urn:uuid:5f9ba7d6-45ac-494f-b8a0-5104aad89202> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:31:09",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9790507555007935,
"score": 3.390625,
"token_count": 343,
"url": "https://www.atniplawyers.com/blog/2017/10/do-headphones-put-pedestrians-in-danger.shtml"
} |
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination or harassment against individuals due to national origin – a somewhat hazy term which has been interpreted to cover aspects of a person’s identity, including:
- Birthplace or ancestry
- Cultural features
- Linguistic characteristics
Austin national origin discrimination lawyer Andrew Traub represent individuals who have been unfairly or poorly treated because of their national origin, ethnicity, or culture, as well as those who are discriminated against because they marry, associate with, hold beliefs, or take names commonly linked to certain nationalities. Unfortunately, the prejudices associated with certain national origin groups have not yet been eliminated from society, leading to the mistreatment of employees in Austin and around the country.
Linguistics and National Origin Discrimination
One difficult area of national origin discrimination deals with language. Because people of varying nationalities often have distinctive speech patterns or accents, they may be targeted for discrimination through policies which are overly restrictive of language use in the workplace.
A company policy which requires that all employees speak only English, for example, may be construed as a form of national origin discrimination, since it infringes on the employees’ right to speak language of their choosing. A hiring system under which only speakers of fluent, unaccented English are considered valid job applicants would also be considered discriminatory and illegal.
There are some instances, however, in which English-only policies or requirements are legal and appropriate. These instances occur when the use of English (or another common language) is:
- A reasonable requirement for the performance of a given job
- Important for communication with other English-speaking employees or supervisors
- Needed to promote efficiency in group projects
- Vital for ensuring the coordination and safety of employees during an emergency
Sometimes, the only way to deal with nation origin discrimination is through the court system. If you have been discriminated against or harassed by your employer or fellow employees due to your national origin, contact an Austin national origin discrimination lawyer today. | <urn:uuid:8fe765e8-7084-4f37-92fb-908cab48a67f> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:16:09",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9550992846488953,
"score": 2.71875,
"token_count": 412,
"url": "https://www.austin-lawyer.com/austin-discrimination-lawyer/austin-national-origin-discrimination-lawyer/"
} |
There are those who say that we are making a mountain out of a molehill about the DNR’s Declatory Ruling. They say the Boar pigs are not that big a deal, we should just switch our cross breeding to a different heritage breed and move on. They say the legislature is at fault, not the DNR, because the legislature failed to act on the feral pig issue.
“They” do not know the foundations of law in this country or understand that American citizens have a great many rights concerning our property and our activities that the government would just as soon ignore.
“When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.–That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,….” Declaration of Independence, 1776
The salient points contained in the opening to our founding documents are that: 1) the government isn’t a benevolent dictator, it is subservient to the same Law that each individual is, 2) the rights and responsibilities of those individuals are held by a Higher Authority and merely managed by the government with no more power than the governed consent to.
There were two basic natural laws that were commonly understood at that time as they formed the basis of British Common Law, to which the colonists were appealing: 1) Do all you have agreed to do, 2) Do not encroach on other persons or their property. The founding fathers felt strongly about limiting government’s role in the citizens’ everyday life and the protection of the citizens’ person and property from government overreach.
Here are some thoughts from the founding fathers:
“The public money of this country is the toil and labor of the people, who are under many uncommon difficulties and distresses at this time, so that all reasonable frugality ought to be observed.” John Adams, American Revolutionary and Second President of the United States. Note that the government has repeatedly shown up at court events with 4 lawyers to our 1 and spent A LOT on unneccesary security at Ron McKendrick’s hearing. We rely on the support of our labor and your generosity while they are spending your tax dollars.
“Government is not reason, it is not eloquence; it is force! Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.” George Washington, First President of the United States
“Every time government attempts to handle our affairs, it costs more and the results are worse than if we had handled them ourselves.” Benjamin Constant, 1833-1891, Brazilian statesman
“Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others. I do not add ‘within the limits of the law,’ because law is often but the tyrant’s will, and always so when it violates the rights of the individual.” Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence
“It is strangely absurd to suppose that a million human beings collected together are not under the same moral laws which bind each of them separately.” Thomas Jefferson
“Never blame a legislative body for not doing something. When they do nothing, that don’t hurt nobody. When they do something they can be dangerous.” Will Rogers, humorist and columnist
“The history of liberty is a history of limitation of government power, not the increase of it.” Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States
Currently, we are waiting for our court date. The DNR has requested extensions and made motions that effectively push the dates further and further out. This effectively creates a blockade on the commerce and livelihood of all the bread earners involved as we can sell processed and frozen pigs, but can not sell our live feeder pigs–even though we’ve had many interested buyers. Most of this is legal maneuvering, which is best left to those specialized in that. However, the net effect is that the government agency which has created and is enforcing its own law is creating a great deal of financial and other hardships for those who dare to defend their rights. As I’ve pointed out before, even though they are initially focusing on Boar strains of pigs, they describe a “hybrid or genetic variants” every pig known to civilization. The enforcement has been extremely subjective and individualized rather than objective. Therefore, if we don’t stand up against this ruling there will be a law on the books that they can use on anyone at any time in the future. Farms that raise pigs on dirt are not safe as long as their animals are described in this ruling. This is about a law made by tyrants that violates the rights of the individual. They are impeding our ability to do what we’ve agreed to do (provide wholesome premium quality pork to our customers), and are encroaching on our property by giving themselves the right to take our property from us even though we have done nothing to violate anyone else’s property or person. They have not made a good case for the need to protect the citizens from the potential injury they claim our property could do if we did not keep our agreement to properly care for our property and the pigs encroached on our neighbors. The legislature did take appropriate action to protect the citizenry from feral pigs by enabling the citizens to deal appropriately with pigs at large.
“The people never give up their liberties but under some delusion.” Edmund Burke, 1729-1797, British statesman | <urn:uuid:ca2c6cee-8624-40ef-89d7-f62045389140> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:08:56",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9669077396392822,
"score": 2.59375,
"token_count": 1265,
"url": "https://www.bakersgreenacres.com/thoughts-on-law/"
} |
A Journal of the Wars for Independence for Students
BROADSIDE is a Journal of the Wars for Independence for Students. Each volume of BROADSIDE examines a topic relating to the American Revolution or the War of 1812. Students can use BROADSIDE to take an in-depth look at a variety of major historical figures and events, laid out in the form of a newsletter that includes historical facts, images, and excerpts from primary sources. Each BROADSIDE includes an activity that will help students engage more closely with the topic while building their critical reading and historical analysis skills. | <urn:uuid:cdc7ec81-a653-4cbe-864f-ebce3b0a4c84> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:45:26",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9215034246444702,
"score": 3.328125,
"token_count": 120,
"url": "https://www.battlefields.org/broadside"
} |
Part of an Accredited Course
Practical Strategies for Study Skills
Who is it suitable for?
This course is suitable for anyone who is supporting individuals with developing and improving their study skills, particularly older learners (i.e.: secondary level and above).
By the end of the module participants will:
- Have identified barriers and gateways to effective study.
- Have identified a range of approaches to effective reading and research skills.
- Have identified strategies to support individuals with lectures/classes, group work and presentations.
- Have considered a range of approaches and support strategies for note taking.
- Have examined a range of strategies to help develop effective time management.
- Topic 1: Why are Study Skills Important?
- Topic 2: Researching and Reading
- Topic 3: Learning Through Listening and Speaking
- Topic 4: Note Taking
- Topic 5: Time Management
Note: this module contains overlap with the modules Practical Strategies for Higher Level Literacy Skills and Practical Strategies for Organisational Skills as elements of both of these modules such as independent reading strategies, note taking and time management are considered key elements of study skills as a concept. | <urn:uuid:ca7c4dbb-c23a-4aac-951b-672c9f8b82a9> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:21:12",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8852423429489136,
"score": 3.375,
"token_count": 239,
"url": "https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/services/training/practical-strategies-for-study-skills"
} |
Vestibular and Balance Laboratory
The goal of the Vestibular and Balance Laboratory is to understand the developmental impact of vestibular loss in children. There is growing evidence for a link between vestibular loss, motor function impairment, and cognitive functions such as visuo-spatial processing in adults, but little is known about these links in children, or the role of developmental factors in shaping the consequences of vestibular loss. Many children with hearing loss also have vestibular loss. However, little or no attention is currently being directed toward the assessment and habilitation of vestibular disorders in children despite the potential long-term consequences related to vestibular loss.
Research in our lab has focused on:
- The prevalence of vestibular loss in children with cochlear implants, who are at an increased risk for vestibular loss.
- The relationship between vestibular loss and functional consequences, such as gross motor development and visual acuity.
- Safe, and effective methods of vestibular testing.
- The ability of hearing loss severity and motor function outcomes to predict the presence of vestibular loss. | <urn:uuid:6f2407ef-c33b-4ad0-b910-6a4e84551c03> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:14:27",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9356244206428528,
"score": 3.03125,
"token_count": 235,
"url": "https://www.boystownhospital.org/research/balance/vestibular-balance"
} |
St Breock Downs Monolith
History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation
HERITAGE HIGHLIGHTS: The largest monolith in Cornwall
The stone was probably erected in the late Neolithic or mid-Bronze Age (roughly 2500-1500 BC). It stands inside a cairn, or mound of small stones, measuring 33 feet across.
The stone fell down in 1945, which gave archaeologists the chance to investigate what lay beneath it. The stone was found to be set upon a layer of small quartz pebbles. A pair of shallow depressions were scooped into the pebbles. at other sites similar hollows have been found to contain the ash of cremated remains, but at St Breock they were empty.
After archaeologists had finished investigating under the stone, it was re-erected in its original location. Only about 10 feet of the stone now show above ground; the remaining 6 feet are buried beneath the surface.
What was it for?
The simple answer is that we don't know, though we can guess that the stone a ritual function. The area is rife with other prehistoric features, including barrows and another, smaller, standing stone. It seems reasonable to assume that all the Bronze Age monuments on the Down ere linked in some way.
The monolith features heavily in local folk tales, and was used as a boundary marker for St Breock's parish. It is located very near the Nine Maidens Stone Row site.
Finding the monolith is easy once you know how, but first time visitors might find it confusing - we certainly did! There is an English Heritage fingerpost of the Rosenannon road. You turn onto a lane running under the windfarm, with the wind turbines on the hill to your right.
You will see a standing stone in the farm field beneath the crest of the hill, with the turbines beyond it. This is NOT the Monolith, but another standing stone known as the St Breock Downs Menhir. To reach the Monolith, branch left at the first junction down another minor lane.
The Monolith is about 100 yards down this lane on the righthand side. There is an English Heritage information panel and a short path into the field where you can clearly see the Monolith ahead of you.
About St Breock Downs Monolith
Address: Rosenannon, West Country, Cornwall, England, PL30 5PN
Attraction Type: Prehistoric Site
Location: On St Breock Downs, roughly 4 miles south west of Wadebridge, off the minor road signposted to Rosenannon
Website: St Breock Downs Monolith
English Heritage - see also: English Heritage memberships (official website)
Photo Credit: Catherine Prior, licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons Licence
Opening Details: Open access site, usually accessible at any reasonable time
NEARBY HISTORIC ATTRACTIONS
Heritage Rated from 1- 5 (low-exceptional) on historic interest
Nine Maidens Stone Row - 2 miles (Prehistoric Site)
Egloshayle Church - 3 miles (Historic Church)
Castle an Dinas Iron Age Hillfort - 4 miles (Prehistoric Site)
St Columb Major, St Columba's Church - 4.5 miles (Historic Church)
Pencarrow House - 4.6 miles (Historic House)
Padstow, St Petroc's Church - 5.5 miles (Historic Church)
Prideaux Place - 5.7 miles (Historic House)
St Enodoc Church - 6 miles (Historic Church)
Nearest Accommodation to St Breock Downs Monolith:
Nearest Self Catering Cottages
Nearest Bed and Breakfasts | <urn:uuid:1d3ce7f7-9985-45a8-b124-d7ab9e8d7ec1> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:17:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9205864667892456,
"score": 3.21875,
"token_count": 776,
"url": "https://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=1993"
} |
Nixon, Richard: de-escalation of Vietnam War
NARRATOR: While continuing to negotiate with the stubborn North Vietnamese, President Nixon put into action a three-part plan to unilaterally de-escalate the war. First he announced a timetable for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam. Second, the war would be "Vietnamized"; that is, as American forces withdrew from the fighting, South Vietnamese forces would replace them. And third, to reduce American casualties, the strategy of "search and destroy" would be replaced, and Americans would fight only when threatened or attacked by the enemy. | <urn:uuid:dbfbdb9e-6232-4d5d-89e5-9cdb6aec6d7d> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:30:46",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9538512825965881,
"score": 3.015625,
"token_count": 127,
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/video/78027/negotiations-Richard-M-Nixon-North-Vietnam-program"
} |
What’s a cheque?
A cheque is a payment method that can be practical on certain occasions, e.g., to pay the rent. It’s sort of a written permission to withdraw an amount from an individual’s account (the payor) and to deposit it in another individual’s account (the recipient).
Where to order cheques
When you open your account, ask your caisse populaire for cheques. It’s also possible to order them online through AccèsD. Note that there are fees to pay to get a chequebook.
How to write a cheque
- Before writing a cheque, make sure you have enough money in your account. If the cheque amount is higher than the funds available in your account, not only will you have to pay more than $40 in fees, but your credit file will be tarnished.
- Make sure you fill out all the lines legibly and that you don’t cross out anything.
- If you make a mistake, you can correct it by crossing out the error, correcting it and putting your initials next to it.
- If you think that your cheque is not legible or that the caisse populaire may not understand your writing or corrections, rip up your cheque into small pieces and write a new one. Indicate in your chequebook that this cheque has been discarded.
- Don’t forget to enter the name of the person whom you have made the cheque out to and the amount. It’ll be easier to find out, later on, where this amount went.
Did you know?
It could be easier and less costly to make a money transfer in AccèsD to pay back a friend or family member.
It’s also faster to pay your bills online.
Your money is on hold?
When you deposit a cheque in your account, the money isn’t available right away. Your caisse populaire holds the funds while processing the cheque and making sure that it’s accepted. Funds are generally held for 5 business days when you deposit a cheque at the counter and for 7 business days when the deposit is made at an ATM.
To avoid having a hold placed on your funds, you can:
- ask your employer to deposit your pay directly into your account
- ask you caisse populaire for an authorized transit. | <urn:uuid:d718402b-c2f6-416b-8f32-7049c8c85ea6> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:47:50",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9251476526260376,
"score": 2.65625,
"token_count": 513,
"url": "https://www.caissealliance.com/en/personal/youth/writing-a-cheque/"
} |
How the Civil Rights Movement Gave Rise to Community Health Centers
By Michelle Betton, Writer
With thousands in communities across the country, community health centers (CHCs) seem like a long-standing part of the national health care system. However, the origins of CHCs are relatively recent, born out of civil rights struggles that started 10,000 miles away. They owe their start to Dr. Jack Geiger, who applied an idea that he had seen used to address the stark health care disparities in apartheid South Africa to the structural racism that African Americans experienced in accessing quality health care.
In 1964, Geiger and his fellow doctors began a trend in community-oriented primary care that has grown exponentially and improved the health and livelihoods of millions living in the United States, particularly people of color. Here is how CHCs became a powerhouse in our health care system.
A New Model for Inclusive Health Care
As a senior in medical school in 1957, Geiger traveled to South Africa on a scholarship to work with Sidney and Emily Kark. At the time, the couple had founded more than 45 community health centers that served Black and Indian South Africans as well as poor white South Africans, none of whom were supported by the broader medical system. This image of community-based primary care, rather than facility or hospital-based care, stayed with Geiger.
“That experience changed my life,” said Geiger. “It taught me about community health centers and set me on the path to get what I thought was the appropriate training for global health.”
Freedom Summer Shows Cracks in Social Fabric
In 1964, Geiger went to Mississippi with the Medical Committee for Human Rights, the organization that he and fellow doctors had created as the medical arm of Freedom Summer. At the time, health care was not easily accessible for people of color, particularly African Americans. Hospitals in the rural South and urban communities alike openly discriminated against and refused to provide services to African Americans, leaving many communities with few to no health care options. The Medical Committee for Human Rights saw this as an opportunity to change the status quo.
“That month in Mississippi, I had the chance to take a long look around and realized that I didn’t need to go to Africa, Latin America, or Southeast Asia. All those problems existed here in the rural South, the urban northern ghettos, in Appalachia, in the Native American reservations.”
Community Health Centers Fight in the War on Poverty
At a meeting in late 1964, Geiger proposed the idea of community health centers as a means of providing the community-based primary care that the community desperately needed. With funding from the newly created Office of Economic Opportunity, which was launched to fight the “war on poverty,” Dr. Geiger and his colleagues founded two CHCs, in Mississippi and Boston. Along with recruiting doctors and medical staff to work in the CHCs, the organization had to conduct community organizing to prove to individuals that CHCs meant to serve their best interests.
But the doctors did not stop there. Realizing that people without enough food or clean drinking water would not remain healthy, even with a CHC nearby, they set about addressing the social determinants of health. Formerly seen as issues unrelated to health, social determinants of health – such as housing, healthy food, employment, and education, things that shape how people live their lives – are now recognized as critical elements of treating each person holistically. The doctors started a farm co-op near the Mississippi CHC, where residents grew tons of vegetables each year. The initiative nearly eliminated malnutrition in the area.
The Lasting Impact of Community Health Centers Nationwide
Despite the attacks of southern governors, legislators, and medical officials, the popularity of CHCs grew. Today, more than 1,350 CHCs serve 28 million people across the country, individuals and families who rely on these medical facilities for high-quality health care, particularly communities of color. CHCs are critical in helping low-income and uninsured families live healthier lives and build strong communities.
Health care is a right no matter a person’s racial or socioeconomic background, one that enables community members to live healthy, prosperous lives and create communities of opportunity. Capital Impact Partners is committed to this mission, and increasing access to quality health care is a core element of fostering and sustaining equitable, inclusive neighborhoods. As a mission-driven nonprofit dedicated to expanding shared prosperity in underserved communities, we know that CHCs fill a critical gap in the health care system. Many of our communities – particularly communities of color – access health care through CHCs, which is why we have worked to become the leading nonprofit community health center lender in the country, including funding more than 50 percent of the Federally Qualified Health Centers in California.
We are proud to carry on Dr. Geiger’s legacy of expanding opportunity for underinvested communities by addressing the social determinants of health, through health care, healthy food, housing, education, and dignified aging, because these human rights are inalienable.
Learn more about Capital Impact’s health care work. If you plan to build or open a CHC, find out about our strategic financing. If you are interested in supporting Capital Impact’s mission of breaking down barriers to success, find out more about our Investment Notes. | <urn:uuid:b13c089b-ac8b-4386-9231-da9da15cf856> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:05:47",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9632178544998169,
"score": 3.46875,
"token_count": 1098,
"url": "https://www.capitalimpact.org/how-civil-rights-movement-created-community-health-centers/"
} |
The International Monetary Fund is to start factoring in climate change to its macroeconomic models from next year, Climate Home has learned. That means its much-cited World Economic Outlook could expose how moves to curb greenhouse gas emissions threaten growth in oil-exporting countries, for example. The Washington DC-based IMF is the world’s leading authority on financial stability, boasting significant influence in the 188 countries it counts as members.
In May, it released a controversial study suggesting fossil fuel subsidies were worth US$5.3 trillion a year. In August, it urged Saudi Arabia to diversify its economy away from oil. Christine Lagarde, head of the organisation, has repeatedly called for carbon pricing to encourage green investment.
For the complete article, please see Climate Home.
This year’s annual UN climate conference, COP25 in Madrid, became the longest on record when it concluded after lunch on Sunday, following more than two weeks of fraught negotiations. It had been scheduled to wrap up on Friday.
On 29 November in Rabat, adelphi partnered with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) to hold a regional dialogue on climate change and fragility risks in North Africa and the Sahel.
As the second week of COP25 begins in Madrid, it is time to stress once more the importance of building momentum for adaptation. There is obviously a need for adaptation planning, implementation and financing. However, so far only seventeen countries have presented National Adaptation Plans (NAP) - despite international partners providing important support.
The momentum for climate action we are witnessing is extraordinary. Throughout 2019, millions of people took the streets all around the world to join the youth climate movement's school strike. Yet at this year’s most important climate politics meeting, the UN Climate Action Summit in New York, most governments were far from committing to sufficient action to avert dangerous climate change. Dr. Beatrice Mosello and Dr. Virginie Le Masson explain how to move things forward. | <urn:uuid:99a724f1-44f8-41e6-b440-bd8ce35179be> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:14:11",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9408791065216064,
"score": 2.84375,
"token_count": 411,
"url": "https://www.climate-diplomacy.org/news/imf-factor-climate-risk-world-economic-forecasts?page=1"
} |
Malta is a small Mediterranean island just below Italy. It was a possession of Great Britain from 1814 until its independence in 1964. A decade later, it became a republic. With breathtaking scenery and beautiful beaches, Malta’s economy is based on tourism and ship-building. It became an EU member in May 2004.
Most of the population are Maltese, who are descended from Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and others. Roman Catholicism is the official state religion with 96.6% adherence and the country has one of the highest weekly Catholic Church attendances in the world.
- Region: Europe
- Capital: Valetta
- Population: 404,000
- Area: 316 km2
- Religions: Roman Catholic (official) 90.1%, other Christian 4.7%
- Languages: Maltese and English (official) | <urn:uuid:59021fda-8805-4f3f-97a7-0a38424b76d8> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:57:12",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9569451808929443,
"score": 2.84375,
"token_count": 180,
"url": "https://www.cms.org.au/missionary-location/malta/"
} |
School handwriting style
See the way children are taught to form their letters.
Literacy support leaflet
A guide to support parents and carers when helping children with their reading and writing.
High frequency words
See what words your child should be able to read and spell in different years.
Find out more about vocabulary, connectives, openers and punctuation.
Getting involved in your child's learning
Ways to help me learn
Assessment Focus areas for reading
Questions to ask while reading with your children. | <urn:uuid:09400282-977f-4bce-92ae-5f0bde04d861> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:37:39",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 4,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9429570436477661,
"score": 3.625,
"token_count": 108,
"url": "https://www.coleshillprimary.org.uk/resources/literacy"
} |
Nurture Group - The Woodland Room
Nurture Group takes place in the Woodland Room. Nurture groups were originally started in April 2011 and the range of care and provision has grown from then. Previously known as the Rainbow Room, we have re- launched the room and its provision from May 2016.
The Nurture room is designed to be a bridge between home and school/nursery; a place where children can feel safe and secure and therefore develop their individual needs further. The Woodland room has a table to share snacks, a beautiful seating area to play games and work collaboratively plus a kitchen to prepare snacks. Connor's Garden adjoins the Woodland Room and has external seating, a sandpit and outdoor play space.
What is the purpose of Nurture Group & its Philosophy?
Nurture Group is a small class of pupils (6-8). Its composition is carefully well thought-out to create a balanced and functional group. The Nurture Group is part of the school’s Inclusion and PSHE (Personal, Social and Health Education) provision. Its purpose is to offer children opportunities to re-visit early learning skills and promote and support their social and emotional development. There is much research evidence that children’s learning is most effective when they have a sense of emotional well being, good self esteem and a feeling of belonging to their school community. The Nurture Room provides children with this opportunity and so helps to develop their maturity and resilience. The Nurture Room is a place of learning.
The philosophy of the Nurture Room is drawn from the principles established by the work of Marjorie Boxall and others, and exemplified by ‘The Nurture Group Network’ (www.nurturegroups.org).
The Nurture Group Principles:
- Children’s learning is understood developmentally
- The classroom offers a safe base
- All behaviour is communication
- The importance of transition in children's lives
- Has an adult/child ration of 1:3, and provides lots of opportunities for speaking and listening activities
- Builds a child’s self-esteem and confidence
- Builds skills for classroom learning
- Has daily crafts, games, a ‘mini-tea’ and more!
- Language is a vital means of communication
Before children attend nurture provision parents are informed by letter and requested to sign a permission slip.
Which children attend Nurture Group?
Children may attend sessions in the Nurture Group for specific reasons, for example:
- Friendship difficulties – keeping/making friends
- Quiet, shy, withdrawn
- Find it hard to listen to others or join in
- Disruptive towards others
- Find it hard to accept losing a game
- Find it hard to share and take turns
- Find it a bit difficult to settle into class
- Low self esteem
- Poor relationships with adults in school
- Family illness or break-up
How will Nurture Group help my child?
Nurture Group will boost confidence and self esteem and provide children with the extra help sometimes needed to improve social skills and independence for example:
-To join in
-To share and take turns
-To accept losing a game
-To build up friendships with their classmates
-It gives them a chance and helps to encourage a more positive profile among their peers and members of staff.
Does this mean my child is naughty?
No, these sessions are meant to help them manage situations and increase their skills to become more successful learners.
How long will my child be in Nurture Group for?
Children attend on a part-time basis for a period of 2 terms. However we ensure that the children do not miss special assemblies, guests in school, outings or anything else that may be different from the normal routine of the week.
Are parents/carers involved?
We like to consider our door is always open and therefore welcome parent/carers to visit and join the sessions at any time. Special event invitations are sent out to join us for example; open afternoon, Mothers Day Tea or simply for afternoon tea and a chat.
An afternoon in Nurture Group
Children follow a structure and routine that is clear to both staff and children which includes group listening and speaking, work tasks, individual and shared play and social skills. The group runs on consistency, positive reinforcement and praise.
A typical afternoon session in the Woodland Room would revolve around a theme for the session. All pupils would understand what they were going to learn and improve on during that session. Children have the opportunity to share good news, explore thoughts and feelings and work collaboratively on a practical task. Children work with new peers regularly, encouraging cooperation and confidence. Within the sessions, opportunities are tailored to the needs of the particular group and age range. Outdoor learning is an important part of the sessions. Children learn to share a snack together and the opportunity is given to choose and try new food; even baking them first! Children learn to share and talk together with peers and adults.
The Woodland Room is at the heart of the pastoral care at Coppice Primary and Nursery School. It is used daily by children at lunchtimes, where they can learn and play together.
The Nurture Group Network
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
National website for CAMHS
My Family Care
Allows parents to search for and book local holiday clubs and camps online
National Children's Bureau
Promotes the interests and well-being of all children
National charity working with parents. Has a free confidential helpline
The children's mental health charity
Links to art & craft ideas
Crafts for Kids - Easy Kids Crafts - Arts and Craft Ideas ...spoonful.com/crafts | <urn:uuid:45430541-5a23-4ee1-83dd-a53f7137702c> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:45:30",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.941939115524292,
"score": 2.8125,
"token_count": 1205,
"url": "https://www.coppice.derbyshire.sch.uk/Nuture-Group/"
} |
Previous Names: Barrow Mental Hospital, Bristol City Mental Hospital
Location: Wild Country Lane, Barrow Gurney, Bristol
Principal Architect: Sir George Oatley
Barrow Hospital was Bristol’s second purpose built hospital for the treatment of the mentally ill. The earlier Bristol Mental Hospital at Fishponds, built in the 1850’s was very much a typical Victorian style asylum, whereas Barrow was conceived from its very beginning to be a modern progressive hospital. By the 1930’s Bristol Mental Hospital was becoming very overcrowded and the need for additional facilities was widely acknowledged, so the Bristol Corporation purchased 260 acres of land near Barrow Gurney at the market value on £20,000 as the site of the new purpose built Hospital.
The hospital was constructed between 1934 and 1937 under the supervision of architect Sir George Oatley of Bristol.
During the early years of the 20th century there was a dramatic shift in the design of mental hospitals, earlier institutions like Bristol’s existing mental hospital had been designed around an imposing complex of ward buildings linked together and, to service areas, by a network of corridors into a single large hospital complex. The practical benefits of this style of hospital where one part of the hospital could quickly and easily be reached from any other part of the hospital began to give way to the perceived therapeutic benefits of a dispersed layout. Where patients were treated in a complex of smaller separate villas clustered around the hospital site which was believed to give the patients a greater sense of community and privacy. Barrow Hospital was designed with these modern theories’ in mind employing a colony layout of separate wards and villas around the site. The hospital buildings are of a utilitarian red brick design dictated by the economic situation of the time, however the site selected for the hospital lay in the centre of an ancient woodland which was improved and landscaped around the hospital grounds screening the separate villa’s from each other’s and creating a peaceful environment for the patients. The woodland in the hospital grounds was used for many years to provide patients with breaks from the routine of ward life.
The first patients arrived in May of 1938 but the hospital was not officially opened until a year later when Sir Lawrence Brock CBE of the Hospital Board of Control cut the ribbon. However, within four months, it was requisitioned by the government to act as a Royal Naval Hospital following the outbreak of the second world war. The Navy stayed at the hospital until Autumn 1946 when they returned control to Bristol Corporation greatly easing the overcrowding at Bristol Mental Hospital, whose population had grown throughout the war. On the 5th July 1948 the hospital was transferred to the newly formed National Health Service from then on Both Barrow and Bristol Mental Hospital were jointly managed by the Bristol Hospital Management Committee under the South Western Regional Hospital Board. Barrow true to its initial design was noted as a progressive hospital with a well-stocked medical library which was rare in mental hospitals of the time and it occasionally hosted clinical conferences for doctors throughout the country.
In 1959 changing attitudes to mental health lead to a subtle change in the hospitals name, the word mental was dropped from then on it was just Barrow Hospital. The following year 1960 the hospitals population reached a peak of 453 thou it was predicted that new community based care initiatives would lead to a decrease in patient numbers to 200 by 1975. This target was not reached but the new approaches to treatment did see a gradual program of closures at barrow from the 1970’s through to the 1990’s, as in-patient numbers decreased residential wards were closed and the hospital focused on outpatient and community support work. By 2004 only three residential wards remained open at Barrow.
In 2003 Avon & Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust announced their intention to close Barrow Hospital and transfer its services to new purpose built units in a £60 million project, the initial plan was a phased closure to take place by 2008 but in a national survey of hospital cleanliness conducted in 2005 Barrow Hospital was found to be the dirtiest hospital in the country. Inspectors stated the hospital had “an unacceptably dirty environment”. Two of the hospitals three remaining wards were immediately closed and their patients were transferred to other hospitals. The entire hospital closure plan was brought forward, With the final ward emptied during the summer of 2006. | <urn:uuid:88137a5f-08ed-4484-b312-5ef8744b71e6> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:06:35",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9780013561248779,
"score": 2.8125,
"token_count": 887,
"url": "https://www.countyasylums.co.uk/barrow-hospital-barrow-gurney/"
} |
Good health is something every parent wants for their child. Fortunately, there are plenty of ways to help your child have the best possible start in life and to promote their future health and well-being.
The benefits of a healthy childhood are wide-ranging and extend well into adulthood. Children who eat a well-balanced diet and exercise regularly are far more likely to become healthy and active adults.
Good health begins before birth, so it is vital that mothers-to-be look after their own health before, during and after pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy puts the baby’s health at risk and increases the chance of having a low birth weight baby, sometimes with serious health problems. Second-hand smoke is dangerous for children and puts them at a higher risk of respiratory infections, asthma and cot death. Children who live in homes where someone smokes are also more prone to coughs and colds.
Sleep is very important for children and a lack of sleep will have a negative effect on their behaviour and ability to concentrate. Children who are not getting enough sleep may struggle at school.
Immunisation is equally important and plays a vital role in preventing disease. Widespread immunisation helps to wipe out previously common childhood diseases.
Unfortunately, not every child is blessed with good health and some children are born with one or more disabilities or a chronic condition they must learn to manage.
Good health isn’t just about physical fitness and being free from illness. A young person’s emotional and mental well-being affects every aspect of their life, including their self-esteem, their stress levels, their relationships and the likelihood of them developing eating disorders or starting to self-harm. Young people who are extremely emotionally distressed may have suicidal thoughts.
Puberty can be a difficult time for young people as they cope with rapid body changes and deal with unfamiliar emotions. This is a time when young people often start showing more interest in romantic and sexual relationships and may start experimenting with drugs and alcohol.
Life is unpredictable and good health – both physical and mental – should never be taken for granted. | <urn:uuid:af73fa2b-9f39-4edb-b599-6ed21e94a223> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:44:09",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9722522497177124,
"score": 3.3125,
"token_count": 424,
"url": "https://www.dewis.wales/being-healthy-cyp"
} |
The Amazing Inside Story of how a Cantilever Beam Works!
Cantilever beams, also known as outrigger beams, are frequently used to support the end of a rope from which a suspended scaffold hangs. Have you ever wondered how that beam works, especially if you are on the other end of the rope? Well, here’s the story.
A cantilevered beam is one component of an assembly that consists of a number of parts and pieces that provide the necessary support for the loads that are hanging on the rope. The beam is designed to use the advantage of leverage; this reduces the amount of force on the rear end of the beam (that would be the other end from where the rope is connected). Of course, the beam cannot do the work alone. It must have support towards the front end and the rear end. The support at the front is called the fulcrum or front support (that’s clever engineering jargon). The cantilever of the beam is measured from this front support to the point of rope attachment. This is a critical dimension since the beam has to be strong enough to transfer the load from the rope back across the fulcrum and then to the rear end. At the rear end is the other support. Yep, you guessed it, it’s the rear support, also known as the “inboard end”. This is where the counterweight is located or where the beam is connected directly to the supporting structure. Now, in order for the whole system to work, the counterweight has to be big enough, if used, or if the beam is attached directly to the structure holding everything, then the connection has to be strong enough and the structure has to be strong enough. So, how strong does it have to be, you may ask? Well, strong enough.
Actually, this is where it gets interesting. The fulcrum load can get rather large, depending on how much the beam sticks out. And the counterweight can get pretty big too, particularly since you need four times what is actually required to keep the beam from going over the edge of the building. Incidentally, don’t tell the erection crew that they are carrying 4 times the required counterweight up the stairs; you’ll have a mutiny on your hands. Other than make the erection crew work harder, there is a very good reason for the extra counterweight. In engineering terms it is called the safety factor. In laymen’s terms, the extra counterweight is for typical jobsite screw-ups, such as overloading the suspended scaffold.
Where can the system go wrong? Unfortunately, there are several places where the unqualified designer can make a fatal error. First is in the supporting structure. If the cantilever beam is installed on the roof, the roof has to hold the load. I’m always surprised how casual some people can be about the strength of a roof, particularly on an older building or one where the maintenance is lax and structural damage has occurred. While a structural analysis of the roof is typically not within the scope of the typical scaffold installation, it is also typical that the individual charged with the investigation of the roof’s strength will need an accurate submittal of load information as a result of the scaffold loads on the cantilever beam.
The second opportunity for a fatal error is with the beam itself. The beam has limits. Just because the beam is 16 feet long doesn’t mean you can cantilever it 8 feet, or for that matter 15 feet. Funny things start to happen as a beam is cantilevered; the beam likes to wander sideways out there at the front end where the rope is connected. While most people expect the beam to deflect, that is, start to droop (another one of those engineering terms) few people expect it to wander. Unfortunately, like an unsupervised teenager, if it wanders too much it gets into big trouble. Depending on the shape of the beam, too much sideways wandering can make the beam roll, deflect vertically and fail. If the scaffold users are lucky, the beam will just fold over and the scaffold occupants will wind up on the evening news. If unlucky, the beam will break and the scaffold will collapse and fall to the street below. The good news in this scenario is that assuming the scaffold users are utilizing personal fall arrest equipment, like they are supposed to, they’ll be saved from the fall but will still wind up on the evening news. Hopefully nobody on the street below will get hit by falling debris.
The third possible fatal error is losing the rear end support. If counterweights are used, they must be mechanically connected to the beam; that is, the counterweights cannot be precariously stacked on top of the beam or haphazardly wired to the beam. In fact, the counterweights must be specifically designed for the beam and the connections. If the beam is directly connected to the supporting structure, not only does the connection hardware have to be strong enough but the roof structure components must be able to support the load. In many cases this will require the services of a qualified Professional Engineer.
The fourth fatal error involves the lack of knowledge of the designer, erector and/or user. If any of these participants does not have the training and expertise to correctly complete his or her obligations to the project, disaster can occur. Qualified design is essential; correct installation, according to the design, is imperative; pre-workshift inspections of the rigging are crucial, and; correct scaffold usage, by trained workers, is critical to the safety of the project.
The fifth fatal error, which follows from the fourth fatal error, is lack of training. All the equipment in the world won’t save you from an early demise if you do not know how to use it. Training is the key! And, where can you get that training? Go to www.scaffold.org for starters. | <urn:uuid:a827e93c-6b5b-466d-b245-7a22dcf9df80> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:45:21",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.956375777721405,
"score": 3.265625,
"token_count": 1236,
"url": "https://www.dhglabe.com/blog/the-power-of-the-beam"
} |
Halitosis, better known as ‘bad breath’, is sometimes associated with diabetes. several dental and oral conditions can also cause halitosis.
Having bad breath can have knock-on effects, such as loss of self-esteem and even contribute to depression
People with diabetes can lessen their risk of bad breath by avoiding sugary drinks and food and maintaining good oral health and blood sugar levels.
What causes bad breath?
The causes of bad breath are wide reaching but the condition is often linked to poor dental plaque removal. Plaque bacteria, which live in-between the teeth and on the surface of the tongue, digest glucose or food particles then release foul-smelling gasses.
There are some medical conditions, including diabetes, which make people more susceptible to halitosis.
In people with diabetes, high blood sugar levels increase glucose levels in saliva. This provides food for bacteria in the mouth and leads to the build-up of dental plaque. If plaque is not removed effectively tooth decay and gum disease may occur which also causes halitosis.
Diabetes can cause ketoacidosis, which is where the body burns fat instead of glucose if there is too little insulin in the blood, or if insulin resistance is too high Ketones then form as a waste product which cause an unusual smell on the breath sometimes compared to pear drops.
If you notice you have bad breath, it could be a side effect of your regular medications. Some people report having bad breath as a result of taking metformin. If you take metformin and think it is causing you to have bad breath , contact your diabetes healthcare team for advice on alternative medications which may be available.
Preventing bad breath
The best way to prevent bad breath is to have a good plaque removal regime
Ensuring you brush and clean in-between your teeth at least twice a day and visiting the dentist regularly will help. Your dentist will be able to check for any evidence of gum disease, which can harbour bacteria and cause halitosis.
Maintaining good control of blood sugar will reduce saliva glucose levels and this together with avoiding sugary foods and drinks will help to prevent the growth of bacteria in the mouth
You should also keep your body hydrated and take steps to reduce a dry mouth. | <urn:uuid:4c13b5a8-293e-4ca6-94a0-0497bc8ba9d7> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:33:00",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9445197582244873,
"score": 3.328125,
"token_count": 469,
"url": "https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-complications/bad-breath.html"
} |
The paleolithic (or paleo) diet is based on the food that is believed to be similar to the daily diet of cave people.
The theory is that the food cavemen and cavewomen survived on is good for health because it was what the human body was meant to eat.
You should speak to your doctor or dietitian if are you considering going paleo to evaluate whether the diet would be suitable for you.
What is a Paleo diet?
A well-formulated paleo diet typically resembles a low-carb diet The focus is on eating fresh foods and removing processed foods including dairy, starches and refined sugar.
A paleo diet will usually be:
- Lower in carbohydrate
- Higher in protein
- Moderate or higher in fat
Paleo diets are categorised into two groups of food: in and out. Pre-agricultural/animal foods such as red meat and fish are i, but Neolithic era foods such as grains and dairy are not. This cuts out a lot of the bad aspects of a Western diet.
Alcohol, dairy and coffee are generally rejected on the diet, but some people may choose to modify their diet to allow these foods on occasion. It depends how strict you wish to be.
A good intake of non-starchy vegetables is recommended when following the diet.
Read more about foods to eat on a paleo diet
Why would someone eat a Paleo diet?
Many people who eat paleolithic diets are looking to return to their roots and eat more healthily
Advocates argue that humans were able to live and thrive on the diet for 40,000 years and that modern lifestyle diseases could be prevented by returning to paleo foods.
People with diabetes can attain several benefits from the paleo diet, improving their health and reducing the risk of developing health complications in later life.
How does a paleo diet work?
How does a paleo diet work? Because most foods and ingredients on the diet are low in carbohydrate, the need for insulin is reduced within the body. This can help to prevent insulin resistance and reduce the risk of developing health problems such as high blood glucose levels and heart disease.
There are no fixed macronutrient ratios on a paleo diet, but paleo diet sources tend to agree that macros should be are around 20% carbs, 30% protein and 50% fat.
There is less need for strict portion control with paleo foods than there is for low-fat diets. However, be mindful not to over-indulge on foods such as fruit, nuts or excessive meat.
Benefits of a paleo diet
Weight loss is the most discernible early benefit of the paleo diet, which derives from eating low-carb, cutting out processed food and eating lots of vegetables.
Reduced body fat and increased muscle mass are other possible benefits of the diet as it is low-carb and relatively high protein.
Additional benefits include greater energy levels, improved heart health and less inflammation.
Read more about the benefits of a paleo diet.
Paleo diet side effects
Because you have to exclude certain food groups on the paleo diet your body can take time to adapt. Some side effects can occur as a result, but these are not the same for everyone; some can experience no side effects at all.
Low-carb flu is a common side effect, which results due to lower carb intake. Initially some people can also experience fatigue and a lack of energy. This tends to disappear within a few days.
Read more about the side effects of a paleo diet. | <urn:uuid:ade4cc32-1099-48eb-9155-de04b95dfd00> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:31:11",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9638075232505798,
"score": 2.84375,
"token_count": 738,
"url": "https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diet/paleolithic-diet.html"
} |
Discuss Earth was created based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF or CEFR). We currently have 3 levels, beginner (basic), intermediate (independent) and advanced (proficient).
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF or CEFR) was put together by the Council of Europe as a way of standardising the levels of language exams in different regions. It is very widely used internationally and all important exams are mapped to the CEFR.
There are six levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2. These are shown below. Please click on each level to read an explanation of the can do statements.
I can understand familiar names, words and very simple sentences, for example on notices and posters or in catalogues.
I can read very short, simple texts. I can find specific, predictable information in simple everyday material such as advertisements, prospectuses, menus and timetables and I can understand short simple personal letters
Threshold or intermediate
I can understand texts that consist mainly of high frequency everyday or job-related language. I can understand the description of events, feelings and wishes in personal letters
Vantage or upper intermediate
I can read articles and reports concerned with contemporary problems in which the writers adopt particular stances or viewpoints. I can understand contemporary literary prose.
Effective operational proficiency
I can understand long and complex factual and literary texts, appreciating distinctions of style. I can understand specialised articles and longer technical instructions, even when they do not relate to my field.
Mastery or proficiency
I can read with ease virtually all forms of the written language, including abstract, structurally or linguistically complex texts such as manuals, specialised articles and literary works. | <urn:uuid:607112b3-37d3-49d4-999b-8991efba0b98> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:51:36",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9184862375259399,
"score": 3.09375,
"token_count": 359,
"url": "https://www.discussearth.com/about/common-eurpean-framework-cef/"
} |
The best of EcoWatch, right in your inbox. Sign up for our email newsletter!
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the European Commission announced a new €5.3 million project Jan. 16 aimed at helping Malawi, Vietnam and Zambia transition to a "climate-smart" approach to agriculture.
Agriculture—and the communities who depend on it for their livelihoods and food security—are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. At the same time agriculture, as a significant producer of greenhouse gases, contributes to global warming.
"Climate-smart agriculture" is an approach that seeks to position the agricultural sector as a solution to these major challenges.
It involves making changes in farming systems that achieve multiple goals—improving their contribution to the fight against hunger and poverty, rendering them more resilient to climate change, reducing emissions, and increasing agriculture's potential to capture and sequester atmospheric carbon.
"We need to start putting climate-smart agriculture into practice, working closely with farmers and their communities," said FAO Assistant Director-General for the Economic and Social Development Department, Hafez Ghanem. "But there are no one-size-fits-all solutions—better climate-smart farming practices need to respond to different local conditions, to geography, weather and the natural resource base," he added.
"This project will look closely at three countries and identify challenges and opportunities for climate-smart agriculture and produce strategic plans tailored to each country's own reality," Ghanem said. "While not all solutions identified will be universally applicable, we can learn a lot about how countries could take similar steps and begin shifting to this approach to agriculture."
The European Union is providing €3.3 million to support the effort. FAO's contribution is €2 million.
Working closely with agriculture and other ministries in each of the partner countries, and collaborating with local and international organizations, the three-year project will:
- Identify country-specific opportunities for expansion of existing climate-smart practices or implementation of new ones
- Study the constraints that need to be overcome to promote wider adoption of climate-smart agriculture, including investment costs
- Promote integration of national climate change and agricultural strategies to support the implementation of climate-smart agriculture
- Identify innovative mechanisms for linking climate finance with climate-smart agriculture investments
- Build capacity for planning and implementing climate-smart projects capable of attracting international investments
FAO will take the overall lead on the project, working in partnership with national policy and research institutions, as well as global organizations such as the Global Crop Diversity Trust.
By tackling the urgent need to incorporate climate change concerns into agricultural development planning, this new project represents a concrete step forward, said Ghanem. "The problems of climate change are increasingly being felt on the ground, and thus early actions to address the problem are needed, even as international negotiations continue in the search for a global climate agreement," he said.
For more information, click here.
By Graham Salinger
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), reports that an estimated one-third of the food produced worldwide for human consumption is wasted annually. In the U.S., an estimated 40 percent of edible food is thrown away by retailers and households. In the United Kingdom, 8.3 million tons of food is wasted by households each year. To make the world more food secure consumers need to make better use of the food that is produced by wasting less.
Today, Nourishing the Planet presents five ways that consumers can help prevent food waste.
1. Compost—In addition to contributing to food insecurity, food waste is harmful to the environment. Rotting food that ends up in landfills releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas, that is a major contributor to global climate change and can negatively affect crop yields. Composting is a process that allows food waste to be converted into nutrient rich organic fertilizer for gardening.
Compost in Action—In Denver, the city contracts with A1 Organics, a local organic recycling business, to take people’s waste and turn it into compost for local farmers. Similarly, a new pilot program in New York City allows patrons to donate food scraps to a composting company that gives the compost to local farmers.
2. Donate to food banks—Donating food that you don’t plan to use is a great way to save food while helping to feed the needy in your community.
Food Banks in Action—In Atlanta, Ga., the Atlanta Community Food Bank relies on food donations to supply 20 million pounds of food to the poor each year. In Tennessee, the Second Harvest Food Bank works to reduce waste resulting from damaged cans by testing the cans to make sure that they don’t have holes in them that would allow food to spoil. For more on how you can donate food that would otherwise go to waste, visit Feed America, a national network of food banks.
3. Better home storage—Food is often wasted because it isn’t stored properly, which allows it to mold, rot or get freezer burn. By storing food properly, consumers can reduce the amount of food they waste.
Better storage in Action—The National Center for Home Food Preservation is a great resource for consumers to learn a range of techniques to increase the shelf life of food. For example, they recommend blanching vegetables—briefly boiling vegetables in water—and then freezing them. They also stress canning fruits and vegetables to protect them against bacteria.
4. Buy less food—People often buy more food than they need and allow the excess food to go to waste. Reducing food waste requires that consumers take responsibility for their food consumption. Instead of buying more food, consumers should buy food more responsibly.
Buying Less Food in Action—Making a shopping list and planning meals before shopping will help you buy the amount of food that is needed so that you don’t waste food. There are a number of services that help consumers shop responsibly—Mealmixer and e-mealz help consumers make a weekly shopping list that fits the exact amount of food that they need to buy. Eating leftovers is another great way to reduce the amount of food that needs to be purchased. At leftoverchef.com, patrons can search for recipes based on leftover ingredients that they have. Similarly, Love Food Hate Waste offers cooking enthusiasts recipes for their leftovers.
5. Responsible grocery shopping—Consumers should make sure that they shop at places that practice responsible waste management. Many grocery stores are hesitant to donate leftovers to food banks because they're worried about possible liabilities if someone gets sick. But consumers can encourage grocery chains to reduce food waste by supporting local food banks in a responsible manner.
Responsible grocery shopping in Action—Safeway and Vons grocery chains donate extra food to Feeding America. Additionally, Albertsons started a perishable food recovery program that donates meat and dairy to food banks. The Fresh Rescue program, which partners with various national supermarkets, has also helped food banks with fundraising in 37 states.
For more information, click here.
EcoWatch Daily Newsletter
In 2011, volatile food prices and the tragedy of another famine in East Africa forced world attention to focus on issues of food and agriculture.
As the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) moved to support farmers and pastoralists in the Horn of Africa and rally international support for long-term measures for reducing vulnerability in the region, it also continued to work on a number of other fronts as well.
One spot of good news—and a bright one at that—was the final eradication of rinderpest, a livestock disease that had plagued farmers for millennia.
2011 also saw the unveiling of FAO's new Save and Grow paradigm for sustainably, increasing food production by the world's millions of smallholder farmers. And a new edition of The State of World Agriculture highlighted how the gender gap in agriculture handicaps millions of women farmers and undermines the fight against hunger. FAO research shed light on the vast scale of food waste around the world, and a groundbreaking new study provided a unique look at the status of the land and water resources on which global food production depends. In 2011, FAO also provided updates on the status of key global fish stocks and improved information on world deforestation rates.
Read about these developments and more in this year-end wrap up.
FAO highlights from 2011
Satellite technology yields new forest loss estimates
A new, satellite-based survey by FAO provided new, and more accurate, information on changes in the world's forest cover, showing that forest land use declined between 1990 and 2005.
Scarcity and degradation of land and water represent growing threat to food security, reports major new FAO study
In November, FAO released the first edition of a new flagship publication, The State of Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture. According to the report, widespread degradation and deepening scarcity of land and water resources have placed key food production systems around the globe at risk, posing a profound challenge to the task of feeding a world population expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050.
World Food Day focuses on swinging food prices
World leaders and international celebrities gathered in Rome to mark World Food Day 2011 with a call for greater investment in agriculture, more support for women farmers, and improved transparency in international agricultural commodity markets.
World hunger report 2011 warns that high, volatile prices set to continue
Food price volatility featuring high prices is likely to continue and possibly increase, making poor farmers, consumers and countries more vulnerable to poverty and food insecurity, according to the 2011 edition of The State of Food Security in the World report. The heads of the three Rome-based U.N. food agencies called for concerted international action to address the problem.
Global Soil Partnership for Food Security launched at FAO
FAO spearheads a new effort to safeguard soil resources critical to farmers and food producers.
Horn of Africa—Funding for agricultural recovery lagging, FAO warns
As world governments met in Ethiopia for an international pledging conference aimed at winning more aid for the Horn of Africa, FAO issued a warning that efforts to keep farmers and pastoralists on their feet, prevent the crisis from worsening, and speed progress toward recovery had not yet received adequate support.
Meeting on Horn of Africa calls for tackling root causes of famine
In July and August, FAO convened emergency meetings of governments, U.N. agencies and international organizations to rally support for life saving operations in the Horn of Africa and also stress the need to support farmers and herders in the region to prevent the situation from getting worse.
New fund for livestock biodiversity management launched
A new support fund designed to help developing countries conserve and sustainably use their livestock breeds under the auspices of the internationally-agreed Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources was launched by FAO in July.
In a historic victory of veterinary science, FAO and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) announced that thanks to a decades-long international cooperative effort, the cattle disease known as rinderpest had successfully been eradicated in the wild. The disease had been the bane of farmers for thousands of years, wiping out the farm animals on which their livelihoods depended.
FAO's next director-general selected
FAO Member countries elected José Graziano da Silva of Brazil as the next FAO director-general, starting in January 2012. Current FAO Director-General Jacques Diouf set to step down after 17 years of service.
Drought in Horn of Africa threatens millions
As the situation in East Africa continued to deteriorate, FAO again warned that the number of people facing severe food shortages was set to increase as the impact of drought, along with high food and fuel prices, continued to grip the region.
Putting nature back into agriculture—FAO launches its new Save and Grow initiative
In June, FAO announced a new initiative intended to produce more food for a growing world population in an environmentally sustainable way. The new approach calls for targeting mainly smallholder farmers in developing countries. Helping low-income farm families in developing countries—some 2.5 billion people—economize on cost of production and build healthy agro-ecosystems will enable them to maximize yields and invest the savings in their health and education.
Stemming post-harvest waste crucial to African food security
Grain losses in sub-Saharan Africa could total $4 billion, FAO and the World Bank report.
Cutting food waste to feed the world
Roughly one third of the food produced in the world for human consumption every year—approximately 1.3 billion tonnes—gets lost or wasted, an FAO-commissioned study reveals.
Closing the gender gap in agriculture
In the 2011 edition of its annual State of Food and Agriculture report, FAO focused on the "gender gap" in agriculture. The report's key finding—if women in rural areas had the same access to land, technology, financial services, education and markets as men, agricultural production could be increased and the number of hungry people reduced by 100-150 million.
World food prices hit historic peak
January saw food prices spiking to a historic high, as FAO continued to track trends through its monthly Food Price Index updates.
Fish consumption reaches all-time high
A new edition of FAO's The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture report found that while fisheries production reached a new-time high—thanks mainly to the growth of fish farming—the status of important fish stocks in the wild remained a cause for concern.
For more information, click here. | <urn:uuid:eb10963c-2a66-40b6-a22a-5be13891aea4> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:53:32",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9330453872680664,
"score": 2.84375,
"token_count": 2813,
"url": "https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/food-and-agriculture-organization"
} |
Stress fractures are small cracks or breaks in a bone. They can occur in any of the bones of the foot. Stress fractures are common in the legs and feet and often occur as a result of overuse. Performing the same activity over and over, or suddenly increasing training intensity can place excessive stress on the bones. Recognising the symptoms of a stress fracture can help you to treat the injury as soon as possible to avoid more serious complications.
A stress fracture usually starts as an achy pain. The discomfort subsides when you stop and rest.
If the fracture remains untreated, the pain gets progressively worse. You may start to feel the pain any time you walk or run.
Swelling and Sensitivity
Other symptoms that may signal a stress fracture in the foot include swelling on the top of the foot. You may also find that your foot is sensitive to touch.
Stress fractures that are not allowed to heal eventually cause constant pain. You may eventually experience pain that occurs throughout the day during all activities.
If a stress fracture becomes worse, you may no longer be able to bear weight on your foot. The entire foot and ankle area can become swollen and bruised. | <urn:uuid:45102e06-df44-4927-8386-e982debe015f> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:58:08",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9041755795478821,
"score": 2.890625,
"token_count": 241,
"url": "https://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_5018905_symptoms-foot-stress-fracture.html"
} |
Electrical engineering deals with practical applications involving current flow through conductors; focuses on the design, construction, and operation of electrical systems and equipment. It includes developing, producing and testing of electrical and electronic devices and equipment, such as, generators to produce and distribute electricity, electric motors and other electrical machinery, transmission line.
What is Electrical Engineering?
Electrical Engineering is the practical and effective way of Generation, Transmission, Controlling and Utilization of electric power.
Although the electrical power generation, delivery, and utilization remain one of the most interesting and challenging fields of electrical engineering, technological developments of our energy users are highly dependent upon reliable and economic supply and most importantly safety distribution and handling of electric power. The installation of electrical substations (transformer stations) and the expansion / repairing / renovating of existing electrical facilities are visible common in most of the places where developmental projects are in-place. | <urn:uuid:bb97e75a-36af-4789-aba4-6163d8d78e1a> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:25:27",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9188740849494934,
"score": 2.9375,
"token_count": 183,
"url": "https://www.electricveda.com/book/electrical-engineering"
} |
Secure CheckoutPersonal information is secured with SSL technology.
Free ShippingFree global shipping
No minimum order.
1. Vision in Rats and Mice
2. Perception of Object Features and Discrimination
3. The Role of Olfaction and the Vibrissae in Object Recognition
4. Memory Tests: Methods and Test Procedures
5. Theories and Concepts
6. Object Recognition in Rats and Mice
7. Lesion Studies
8. Pharmacological Studies
9. Genetic Studies
10. Early-Gene Imaging Studies
11. Electrophysiology Studies
12. Substances of Abuse and Addiction
14. Alzheimer’s Disease
15. Ischemia and Cerebral Hemorrhage
16. Developmental Studies
17. Sex and Hormones
Handbook of Object Novelty Recognition, Volume 26, synthesizes the empirical and theoretical advances in the field of object recognition and memory that have occurred since the development of the spontaneous object recognition task. The book is divided into four sections, covering vision and perception of object features and attributions, definitions of concepts that are associated with object recognition, the influence of brain lesions and drugs on various memory functions and processes, and models of neuropsychiatric disorders based on spontaneous object recognition tasks. A final section covers genetic and developmental studies and gender and hormone studies.
- Details the brain structures and the neural circuits that underlie memory of objects, including vision and olfaction
- Provides a thorough description of the object novelty recognition task, variations on the basic task, and methods and techniques to help researchers avoid common pitfalls
- Assists researchers in understanding all aspects of object memory, conducting object novelty recognition tests, and producing reliable, reproducible results
Advanced students and researchers in behavioral neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, neuropsychology, and neuropharmacology
- No. of pages:
- © Academic Press 2018
- 23rd November 2018
- Academic Press
- Hardcover ISBN:
- eBook ISBN:
Dr Abdelkader Ennaceur is a Senior Lecturer in Therapeutics in the Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being at the University of Sunderland. His research focuses on the brain structures and neurochemical systems that underlie learning and memory, and emotion. He has developed a number of behavioral tasks for rodents that assess anxiety, learning, and memory, and these behavioral tasks form the basis of his current research projects. He has authored nearly 40 scholarly publications and in 2013 was guest editor of 25 Years of Object Recognition, a special issue of Behavioural Brain Research.
Senior Lecturer in Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, UK
Dr. Maria de Souza Silva is deputy director of the Center for Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Dusseldorf. Her research investigates learning and memory processes with different behavioral paradigms and the characterization of their neurochemical mechanisms, especially the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. The focus of this work is on the investigation of the role of neurokinin receptors (NK1, NK2 and NK3) in rodents and their involvement in aging-associated deficits. In parallel, she also investigates the development of new animal models of learning/memory and the investigation of alternative ways of drug administration for targeting the brain. She is the author of nearly 100 scholarly publications.
Deputy Director, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Düsseldorf, Germany | <urn:uuid:9c8e284a-5d18-4cfb-ad26-4342d5bf0a01> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:39:39",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8822505474090576,
"score": 2.578125,
"token_count": 721,
"url": "https://www.elsevier.com/books/handbook-of-object-novelty-recognition/ennaceur/978-0-12-812012-5"
} |
Fractures, Bursa Inflammation, and Patellar Injuries
Fractures of the bones of knee are relatively common. The patella, or kneecap, may fracture due to a fall directly onto it or in car accidents, when the knee is driven into the dashboard. If the bone is displaced (pulled apart), surgery may be required for repair, but if the bone is in good position, a knee immobilizer and watchful waiting may be all that is required.
The head of the fibula on the lateral side of the knee joint can be fractured either by a direct blow or as part of an injury to the shin or ankle. This bone usually heals with little intervention, but fractures of this bone can have a major complication. The peroneal nerve wraps around the bone and can be damaged by the fracture. This will cause a foot drop, so do not be surprised if the physician examines your foot when you complain of knee problems.
With jumping injuries, the surface of the tibia can be damaged, resulting in a fracture to the tibial plateau. The mechanism of injury is jumping and landing on a fully extended, straightened knee. Since the femoral condyle sits on the tibial plateau to make the knee joint, it is important that it heals with the most even joint surface as possible to prevent future arthritis and chronic pain. For that reason, after plain X-rays reveal this fracture, a CT scan may be done to make certain that there is no displacement of the bones. This type of fracture may require surgery for repair.
Fractures of the femur require significant force, but in people with osteoporosis, less force is needed to cause a fracture of this large bone. In people with knee replacements who fall, there is a potential weakness at the site of the knee replacement above the femoral condyle, and this can be a site of fracture. The decision to operate or treat by immobilization with a cast will be made by the orthopedist.
Housemaid's knee (prepatellar bursitis) is due to repetitive kneeling and crawling on the knees. The bursa or space between the skin and kneecap becomes inflamed and fills with fluid. It is a localized injury and does not involve the knee itself. Treatment includes padding the knee and using ibuprofen or naproxen as an anti-inflammatory medication. This injury is commonly seen in carpet installers and roofers. On occasion, if the skin is damaged or torn, this bursa may become infected.
The kneecap sits within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle, in front of the femur, just above the knee joint. It is held in place by the muscles of the knee.
The patella can dislocate laterally (toward the outside of the knee). This occurs more commonly in women because of anatomic differences in the angle aligning the femur and tibia. Fortunately, the dislocation is often returned to the normal position by straightening out the knee, usually resulting in the kneecap popping back into place. Physical therapy for muscle strengthening may be needed to prevent recurrent dislocations. Patellar dislocations are not knee dislocations, which require tearing of three to four major ligaments of the knee. Knee dislocations are uncommon and are a surgical emergency.
Patellofemoral syndrome occurs when the underside of the patella becomes inflamed if irritation develops as the underside of the kneecap rubs against the femoral condyle with each flexion and extension of the knee. This inflammation can cause localized pain, especially with walking down stairs and with running. Treatment includes ice, anti-inflammatory medication, and exercises to balance the quadriceps muscle. More severe cases may require arthroscopic surgery to remove some of the inflamed cartilage and realign parts of the quadriceps muscle. | <urn:uuid:649423be-786b-456e-b715-5da914349e09> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:39:33",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.916805624961853,
"score": 2.890625,
"token_count": 810,
"url": "https://www.emedicinehealth.com/knee_injury/article_em.htm"
} |
Flatulence can be named as fart, toots or gas which is a natural process of our body but usually an aspect of embarrassment for many people. Flatulence or fart gets formed in human stomach while the digestion process initiates. There are many reasons behind the formation of gas in human stomach. Many people have gastric issues and find it difficult to fart while being with their office co-workers or in public. But flatulence or gastric problems in infants or children is a matter of concern. Especially gassy babies can’t express their gastric issues hence their way of communication has only one option and that is crying.
Flatulence in Infants
Gas formation in stomach, be it in adults or infants is completely normal. Passing it by burping or farting are the only two options to get rid of gas. Passing flatulence 14-20 times a day is completely normal for adults as well as infants. When gas doesn’t pass easily either by burp or fart there starts the real problem. Stomach issues such as gastric, acidity, bloating, upset stomach or stomach ache can be seen in both infants and adults. Children and infants are usually vulnerable to discomfort caused by gas formation in stomach. Babies and infants can only express their discomfort through crying, and understanding their reason of discomfort is very critical and essential. Before heading towards any treatment it is very important to understand their pain and symptoms related to their discomfort.
Gas formation or flatulence in infants have many reasons such as wrong posture while breast feeding or bottle feeding, overfeeding, swallowing air while feeding or crying, weak digestion, lactose overload allergies interfering with natural digestive process. As discussed above, recognizing the reason of gas formation in children is very important before initiating any treatment at home. In extreme cases parents must consult paediatrician or any doctor to alleviate the pain.
Symptoms of gas pain or excessive formation of flatulence in infants or toddlers include abdominal pain, stomach cramps, constipation, bloating and diarrhoea. Pain caused due to excessive flatulence in children leads to loss of appetite, crying, weight loss, sleeplessness, vomiting and fever. If any of these symptoms do not resolve quickly then it’s highly recommended to consult your family doctor or any paediatrician immediately.
Natural Treatment for Excessive Flatulence in Children
Apart from medical treatment and medication, there are some natural and easy first hand treatments that can be done to relieve infants and children from excessive flatulence and gas formation. Because kids are easily vulnerable to stomach issues be it babies, infants or children. The first hand natural treatments for excessive flatulence in children are—
- Feed your infant by keeping the body posture right in such a way that the head is little higher in level to the stomach.
- If you’re feeding your baby with bottle keep it in tilt position so that there remains no air at the nozzle from which baby cannot suck in any air along with milk.
- After feeding hold your baby keeping the stomach on your chest and shoulder to pat on their back to get rid of gas formed in their stomach which is a natural treatment to get instant relief from flatulence.
- While making your baby fall asleep, put your baby on bed with stomach down and back towards you.
- If your baby is 2-3 years old make them sleep on their left side so that they get good digestion getting rid of excessive flatulence.
- Kids and children above 5-6 age group must be taken care of regarding their food habits as carbonated drinks and other junk foods can cause gas formation.
- Stop your children from chewing gums as while chewing gums they gulp little amount of air every time forming excessive gas in the stomach.
- Make your child eat food by properly chewing them as gulping food fast and quickly can cause gas formation too.
- For children of 5-7 years age group, parents should add little yogurt in their children’s diet as yogurt are loaded with healthy bacteria that helps in digestion and getting rid of gas and flatulence.
- For infants, put your baby on bed keeping their stomach upside and gently massage their belly in clockwise to direction to pass out gas easily.
- Move the legs of babies like riding a bicycle to get rid of excessive gas that gets unable to pass out causing pain in stomach.
- If you feed your baby through bottle make sure the bottle’s nipple has smaller hole as larger holes can make them gulp air while sucking milk.
- Burp your baby after every feed because it is very important to get rid of gas formed in stomach soon after they fill their stomach.
- An ancient method of getting rid of stomach issues especially flatulence in infants and children is mixing 1 teaspoon of coconut oil with 1 tablespoon of water to apply on their navel thoroughly twice a day to alleviate the gastric pain and irritation.
- Babies who are 6 months and above can be given carom seeds water (boil water with 2 tablespoon of carom seeds and let it cool down) twice a day to get relief from excessive gas and flatulence.
- Adding ginger to your kid’s food diet above 6 years of age can be helpful in beating gastric issues.
- Gripe water is a solution especially for babies above 2 months to alleviate their stomach issues and flatulence. It is a mixture of proper quantity of water, herbs, ginger and chamomile including dill for the stomach discomfort quick relief.
Natural Remedies for Flatulence in Children
You can recognize your children’s or baby’s gastric pain from their unusual behaviour such as crying more sharper and frantic than usual. Some babies draw their legs up towards their tummy or stomach, loss of appetite and not having smooth bowel. These are some of the symptoms to know if infants or your children have flatulence issues. If your toddler suffers from chronic stomach pain there are some simple home remedies to try to get quick relief from gastric pain.
Water helps to relieve stomach pain caused due to gastric issues in infants easily above 5 months. Luke warm water 3-4 times a day gives instant relief from excessive flatulence in babies. You can also keep boiled water for a day to feed your baby throughout the day for several times.
Gentle and slow massage on infants’ or babies’ belly can be very effective natural treatment for excessive flatulence. Gentle massaging in clockwise direction helps babies to get rid of excess gas easily.
Exercise reduces gastric pain in infants and toddlers. Move your child’s legs in gentle cyclic motion between each feedings that creates pressure on stomach to pass gas easily. You can also cross your baby’s legs slowly to get the similar effect.
Warm compress also helps in releasing gas in babies as the warm temperature expels flatulence easily making baby relax. Soak a towel in warm water and squeeze it to drain out excess water completely to place it on your baby’s belly till it gets cool. Repeat process twice a day.
Fennel seeds are quite helpful in relieving excessive flatulence in infants as it is a beneficial natural treatment and remedy for both toddlers and babies. Boil ½ tsp of fennel seeds in 4 cups of water and filter the decoction to let it cool and feed your baby twice a day. Breastfeeding mothers can also drink it for their babies below 4 months.
Coconut Oil and Water
A traditional remedy for treating excessive gas formation in babies is making a mixture of coconut oil and water. Mix 1 teaspoon of coconut oil and 1 tablespoon of water to apply on your baby’s navel and little around it to get instant relief.
Carom seeds decoction
Carom seeds are highly beneficial for gastric and excessive flatulence in infants above 6 months. Boil one glass of water adding 1 tablespoon of carom seeds to filter the decoction to feed your baby twice a day to get quick relief from gas.
Cumin seeds are great for digestion and prevent gas formation in stomach. Cumin seed decoction is quite beneficial for children gastric issues. Boil one cup of water with ½ tsp of cumin seeds for 5-10 minutes and give your kids to drink thrice a day to get rid of excessive flatulence.
The antispasmodic and antiflatulent properties present in asafoetida makes it a brilliant gas reliever in kids as well as adults. Dissolve a pinch of asafoetida in 1 tbsp of warm water to apply on the navel of your kid in a clockwise direction. You can also mix it with a banana and let your kid to eat the mixture.
Water is great for digestion. It also relieves excess of gas out your stomach either as burp or fart. Make your children drinks lots of water at least 2 litres a day.
Chamomile is a natural remedy to treat stomach ailments especially excessive flatulence creation in stomach. Add ½ teaspoon of chamomile flower dried powder to boil in one cup of hot water for 10 minutes. Filter the decoction and add 1 tsp of honey and let it cool at room temperature and give you children to sip the solution thrice a day.
Ginger is a natural digestive agent that not only treats stomach ailments but also helps in passing gas instantly. Either give your children a thumb size peeled ginger with little salt to chew and drink water after it or add ginger to your kid’s diet for better digestion.
The healthy bacteria called lactobacillus present in yogurt are the best digestive agents. Yogurt helps in easy digestion and reduces gas formation in stomach and is highly beneficial for both toddlers and adults. | <urn:uuid:bdb2f77b-b939-4a60-84cd-ba4f3c35a5f7> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:25:33",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9378253221511841,
"score": 2.859375,
"token_count": 2002,
"url": "https://www.epainassist.com/abdominal-pain/stomach/flatulence-in-infants-natural-treatment-for-excessive-flatulence-in-children"
} |
As soon as Thanksgiving is over in the United States, we turn the calendar page on November and arrive at the most wonderful time of the year: December. It is a month that is centered on celebration. It is also the season for reflecting on the previous year and reaching out to family and friends, near and far. In the digital age, there is perhaps nothing more special than opening one’s mailbox to a holiday card or letter from someone dear to you hiding in the solicitations and bills. But, where did the tradition of sending greeting cards come from and why do we send them this time of year more than any other?
A short history…
Clay tablets with greetings were found that date soon after the invention of writing itself. In Bronze Age China and Egypt, personalized messages were sent to others celebrating the New Year. These were sent with the intention of giving the recipient the power to ward off evil spirits for the entire year. They were also a way to celebrate the life cycle that begins with a new year and a wish of good luck. In the 14th century there was a Germanic tradition of sending handmade cards with short wishes of good fortune for the new year, but it was mostly reserved for the upper classes as materials were expensive.
In the mid-19th century innovations in mechanized printing and mass production, coupled with better postal routes and cheaper postal rates led to an increase in personal mail.
In 1843, the first known Christmas card was created and sent. Now, over 175 years later we are still sending them!
The card printed for Sir Henry Cole who had given the idea for such a card to printer John Calcott Horsely. Performer Annie Oakley was the first to send personalized greetings to friends and loved ones back home when the holidays found her overseas. Since it was still an extravagant proposition, holiday greeting cards remained uncommon until the 1860’s when they began to be mass-produced and a full fledged part of the holiday season.
Today, postal services all over the world go into overdrive to get mail delivered between the end of November through the first weeks of the new year, harkening back to the well wishes of the ancient civilizations and the first mass mailings in the modern age.
Fitting for the season, the resin of the Esterbrook Estie in Tortoise and Evergreen elicit feelings of beautiful trees dusted with snow; their gold and silver clips the trim and ornaments on a Christmas tree. Matching inks in shades of brown and hunter green are reminiscent of pine cones and pine needles.
It is such a joyous occasion to choose greeting cards or special paper to craft holiday messages with. Whether alone or with a group of family and friends, there is something about writing cards in a space decorated for the holidays that awakens the holiday spirit. Maybe you’re next to a crackling fireplace, perhaps around a kitchen table, always with something festive to sip on while writing, be it cocoa, mulled wine or a celebratory champagne cocktail.
It’s also a treat to go find the coziest corner of a coffee shop and write cards while watching festive holiday shoppers come and go and take in the atmosphere of the season.
However and wherever you decide to express your wishes of the season, choosing a special pen to write with just adds to the delight of the holidays.
As we pick up our pens to send out our own greeting cards, all of us at Esterbrook wish you a season filled with merry writing and a happy new year. | <urn:uuid:fc7cd9f9-7253-48ea-8abb-8bbb8ed33cda> | {
"date": "2020-01-24T00:25:01",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9657759666442871,
"score": 3.28125,
"token_count": 728,
"url": "https://www.esterbrookpens.com/2019/12/09/remembering-that-first-seasons-greetings/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=remembering-that-first-seasons-greetings"
} |
A half century ago, two computers at UCLA and Stanford were linked together into the first computer network. It was called ARPANET, after the military research lab that funded it. In the years since then, the network of networks that grew out of that lab has developed into the Internet, the nervous system of modern commerce and communication.
With the rise of social media over the last decade, the Internet has changed to allow all of us to become individual collectors and sharers of information. As a result, it has also become something else: a battlefield where information itself is weaponized. The online world is now just as indispensable to governments, militaries, activists, and spies as it is to advertisers and shoppers. And whether the goal is to win an election or a battle, or just to sell an album, everyone uses the same tactics.
This new kind of warfare takes all forms, from battlefield footage on YouTube to a plague of Nazi-sympathizing cartoon frogs. It can seem like a fundamental break with the past. And in some ways—the digital terrain on which the war is fought, the need to grab attention rather than material resources, and the extraordinary power of a few people—it is. Yet not everything about it is new. Efforts to shape how the enemy thinks, to control the flow of information, and to win wars while avoiding actual fighting have been around for centuries. Indeed, the best place to start if you want to understand the weaponization of social media is with the past.
ON DIGITAL WAR
The Prussian military strategist Carl von Clausewitz was born in 1780, some 200 years before the invention of the Internet, but he would have implicitly understood almost everything it is doing to the world today. Raised in Enlightenment Europe, Clausewitz enlisted in the Prussian army at the age of 12. A decade later, when Napoleon unleashed war across Europe and launched a new age of nationalism, Clausewitz decided to dedicate his life to studying
Loading, please wait... | <urn:uuid:eac1874a-77d7-49b2-bce3-2806a60899e1> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:17:47",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9544053077697754,
"score": 2.546875,
"token_count": 409,
"url": "https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-10-04/what-clausewitz-can-teach-us-about-war-social-media?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=tw_daily_soc&utm_source=twitter_posts"
} |
If you can’t find the information you’re looking for, please contact us by telephone, email or using the contact form. Our staff and doctors are available to answer any questions you may have.
Urology is a surgical discipline that deals with conditions affecting the kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra in both sexes – so women shouldn’t shy away from visiting the urologist.
Urology is also better known as the speciality that deals with the male sex organs, like the prostate.
Urology follow-up extends from initial diagnosis to final check-up, so that the patient enjoys end-to-end care from the same doctor, with the convenience of attending the same facility from start to finish of their treatment.
The most common urological conditions are prostate cancer and urinary infections.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men over 50. It generally develops slowly and only becomes metastatic after several years of progression, meaning that age at the time of diagnosis is of key importance. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that invade the surrounding tissues. These cells can also spread to other organs, creating metastases.
Prostate cancer generally starts in the outer part of the prostate gland, which is why abnormalities can be felt from inside the rectum. If left untreated, prostate cancer can cause swelling in the legs as a result of obstructed lymphatic drainage. It can also cause bone pain, kidney failure and ultimately death.
- Frequent need to urinate
- Weak urine flow
- Pain during urination
- Difficulty urinating
- Blood in urine
- Erectile dysfunction
The only way of establishing a formal diagnosis is to take a tissue sample (biopsy). MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is crucial for identifying the suspect area of the prostate more accurately. Using the images and biopsy, we can grade the tumour, i.e. establish how aggressive it is (assigning it a Gleason score), and this allows us to suggest appropriate treatment.
Diagnosis and treatment
There are two distinct categories of prostate cancer: localised and locally advanced cancer, and metastatic cancer, where cells have already spread to other organs. Localised cancer can be cured, however treatment of advanced cancer will always tend to be unsuccessful in the long run. Nowadays, thanks to screening, most newly-diagnosed cancers are at the localised stage and are therefore curable.
There are four possible options:
This approach is suitable for tumours that are not too aggressive (with a Gleason score of less than 7), non-palpable and have a low PSA level (less than 10). These criteria are regularly reassessed.
Advantage of this approach: No immediate treatment
Disadvantage of this approach: The patient has to live with an untreated cancer, which may progress rapidly.
Radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to completely remove the prostate gland, capsule and seminal vesicles. This entails reconnecting the bladder to the urinary canal (a procedure known as vesicourethral anastomosis). The lymph nodes will also be removed. Our clinics offer the robot-assisted technique using the da Vinci Surgical System, which increases visibility for the surgeon and improves their accuracy.
This approach is recommended for men over 70 but it may also be indicated for younger men who have contraindications for surgery. Radiotherapy uses beams to destroy cancer cells. It may be internal (brachytherapy, also known as curietherapy) or external (conformational radiotherapy).
High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment (HiFU)
This treatment is ideal for small, non-aggressive tumours. The Focal One device concentrates ultrasound on the diseased area of the prostate and gradually removes it without the need for surgery. Treatment follows the principle of active surveillance by means of MRI scans and measurement of PSA levels.
The best treatment option depends on a number of factors and the decision is based on careful consideration by the patient and care providers. Factors to be evaluated include the stage (T) and the grade (Gleason score) of the tumour.
The patient’s general health and history, the available methods and the doctors’ experience, and lastly, how the patient themselves feels about the different approaches will be factors that will help make choosing the treatment as comfortable as possible.
At Swiss Medical Network, we offer the latest treatments, including robotic surgery using the da Vinci robot. Prostatectomy performed with this robot has become the reference surgical technique.
High-quality dissection of the prostate is essential and the robotic technique provides better visibility (3D) and improved accuracy (tremor reduction, precise micro-movements and elimination of the lever effect that can be present with a standard instrument introduced into the abdominal cavity).
Main benefits for the patient
- Increased safety
- Accuracy of dissection
- Small incision
- Combined benefits of minimally invasive surgery
- Reduced bleeding
- Reduced rate of infection
- Reduced pain
- Shorter stay in hospital and period of convalescence
There are three different types of urinary infection:
- The most common infection, known as 'Cystitis', is caused by Escherichia colibacteria generally present in the intestines. They travel up the urethra via gut and faecal flora and multiply in the urinary tract. Cystitis causes a urinary tract infection and is often accompanied by urethritis (inflammation of the urethra).
- Infectious urethritis, an infection of the urethra, is most often a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
- Pyelonephritis is a more serious condition and an inflammation of the kidney tissue. In addition to the standard symptoms of cystitis, it involves a very high fever and sharp pains in the lower back.
- Pain or burning during urination
- Frequent need to urinate
- Constant urge to urinate
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Occasional blood in urine
- Fever and chills (in the case of pyelonephritis)
Urinary infections are generally treated with antibiotics.
Our doctors will ask you some questions to understand the extent of your difficulty passing urine and whether you have experienced this previously. They may also ask you to do a urine strip test that will show whether neutrophils and nitrites are present. Examination of the cells and bacteria in the urine will confirm the diagnosis.
Other condititons treated by the urologist
- Kidney stones
- Bladder, kidney and testicular cancers
- Female urinary incontinence and disorders
- Male health issues and reproductive health
Urology also deals with emergencies requiring urgent treatment such as:
- Testicular torsion (twisted testicle): without timely surgical intervention freeing the testicle, torsion relief and orchiopexy, i.e. fixing it in the correct direction), the testis may die.
- Acute renal colic, which causes extremely intense pain. Women who have given birth report that the pain is as severe as labour. Renal colic is usually caused by kidney or ureteral stones. Alongside pain management, a ureteral stent (pigtail) may need to be inserted.
- Urosepsis (sepsis caused by an inflammation of the urinary tract). If this is associated with kidney congestion, a ureteral stent will need to be inserted immediately.
- Visible blood in urine (macroscopic haematuria).
- Injuries to the genitals. In this case, a urologist is responsible for immediate and usually surgical treatment.
If you have any further questions, we’re here to help, so please get in touch. | <urn:uuid:470a6bc0-bf64-4f1a-bad3-5c36f26f134f> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:55:25",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9321973919868469,
"score": 2.796875,
"token_count": 1629,
"url": "https://www.genolier.net/en/our-specialties/urologie"
} |
Almost everyone has a cell phone these days — from your little sister in elementary school all the way up to your grandmother. It’s hard to imagine life without these handheld devices, which allow us to do so much more than simply make phone calls.
In fact, today’s cell phones are so powerful and have so many capabilities that it’s difficult to imagine a situation when a cell phone won’t come in handy. And while it’s true that for the vast majority of the time, and in the vast majority of situations, a cell phone will allow you to stay in touch or get help when you need it, there are actually plenty of situations when a cell phone just won’t cut it. In those cases, you need a satellite phone if you’re going to make a connection.
Satellite & Cell: A Vast Global Network
You might be thinking “A cell phone and a satellite phone are the same thing, aren’t they?” The truth is they are not. Your cell phone carrier might have an extensive network that allows you to make calls to and from almost any location, access the Internet or run applications, but cell phones transmit signals very differently than satellite phones.
Difference Between Satellite Phone and Cell Phone
Cellular phones transmit via land-based towers. Consider each signal — your call — to be a cell. When you are in a particular area, that cell is carried by the closest tower. If you move to a different area, the cell attaches a closer tower, and so on. That is why you might experience weak signals or dropped calls on your cell phone: There either isn’t a tower to support the cell nearby (leading to dropped calls or no service) or the tower is too far away, and the cell isn’t as supported as it could be.
Satellite phones, on the other hand, do not rely on towers, but instead transmit signals via satellites orbiting the earth. The signal from your device transmits directly to the nearest satellite, which then sends the signal to the nearest gateway, or land-based center, which then transmits the signal to the receiving phone; the receiving phone can be a land line, cell phone or another sat phone.
The fact that satellite signals are transmitted far above the earth and do not rely on towers is what makes them useful in remote areas. It would be impossible to place cell phone towers everywhere to ensure continuous signals — for example, in the middle of the ocean or in the remote wilderness. This is why satellite phones are more useful than cell phones to those who are traveling to isolated areas or need connectivity in remote locations.
Functionality of Cell Phones & Satellite Phones
When it comes to functionality, cell phones do have a distinct advantage over satellite phones. Satellite phones are designed specifically for telephonic communications, meaning that most allow you to make and receive calls — and that’s about it. However, newer models are coming out with access to Internet in certain “hotspots” and the capability to send and receive text messages.
That being said, satellite phones can be more useful in emergency situations because they do not rely on land-based towers and networks to operate. Many emergency responders rely on satellite phones because they allow for communication even during power outages, which often shut down land-based communications.
Cost and Design
The abundance of cell phones and the ease of creating land-based networks means that cell phones — and calling and data plans — are affordable. For under $100, one can purchase a fully functional smart phone and data plan that allows them unlimited calling, texting and data.
Cellular vs. Satellite
Satellite phones are more expensive, which is why many people who only need them on a limited basis turn to rental plans. Again, it’s important to consider the purpose of a satellite phone and its usefulness in an emergency situation. In an emergency situation or when you have no other means of staying in touch, a satellite phone is a viable and reasonable option.
Cellular phones are certainly useful, and for everyday communications, they are more than adequate. But don’t make the mistake of thinking that your cell phone will work everywhere or that it’s just as good as a satellite phone. In some situations, you need the advanced capabilities and world-wide network that a sat phone offers.
GDS Can Connect Your Wherever You Are
Now that you understand more about satellite phones vs cell phones you may still need guidance on what to use and where depending on your location or where you maybe traveling to. Global Data Systems can help you choose the right technology & cost effective connectivity solutions for your usage scenario.
Contact us for a quick discovery call to see how we can help or answer any questions you may have. | <urn:uuid:0a4dc40f-0e5b-495d-bce6-7c5f4c33b262> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:57:32",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9356420636177063,
"score": 3.296875,
"token_count": 989,
"url": "https://www.getgds.com/resources/blog/connectivity/cellular-vs-satellite-understanding-the-differences"
} |
This mathematical concept of jaw crusher operation has been developed for modelling and subsequent throughput prediction from jaw crushers (see Chapter 10). 4.4. Jaw Crusher Capacity Estimation. The capacity of jaw crushers is a measure of the mass or volume …
Jaw crushers are a popular alternative to primary gyratory crushers, since they can process large amounts of hard material efficiently. Due to their smaller physical size, jaw crushers are also ideal for tight spaces, such as underground mining and mobile crushing applications.
approximate capacity jaw crusher Videos of approximate capacity jaw crusher Click to view on insmartsystems.inJaw Crusher with in-built Sample Divider - Insmart Systemsinsmartsystems.inClick to view on VimeoHDJaw Crusher In The Stone Crushing LineVimeo · · 14 viewsSee more videos of approximate capacity jaw crusher
approximate capacity jaw crusher Videos of approximate capacity jaw crusher Click to view on insmartsystems.inJaw Crusher with in-built Sample Divider - Insmart Systemsinsmartsystems.inClick to view on VimeoJaw Crusher In The Stone Crushing LineVimeo · · 14 viewsSee more videos of approximate capacity jaw crusher
Jaw crushers are used mainly in first stage, primary crushing applications and are ideal for use in quarries and recycling demolition operations. The two main types of jaw crusher produced by Parker are both single toggle designs with the up-thrust toggle RockSizer / StoneSizer model and down-thrust toggle RockSledger model.
Jaw Crusher can process the hardest ores with the maximal size of 1600 mm, it is commonly used as a primary crusher, which is combined with the secondary crushing equipment in the whole stone crushing line, like cone crusher and impact crusher. Jaw Crusher Features: Unique Flywheel Design: Reduce vibration effectively, Machine work is stable.
Built for optimum results when crushing, the J3858 Jaw Crusher combines high capacity, dependable operation and hydraulic chamber clearing to deliver consistent performance. Designed around a high capacity, 60 inch wide crushing chamber, the main frame and pitman are FEA designed and stress relieved for durability.
The width of the jaw determines capacity. Jaw crusher output gradation is controlled by the closed side setting. This is the adjustable opening at the bottom of the jaw. With a 24” top size limit and an 8:1 reduction ration, the closed side setting should be no smaller than 3”. A well designed jaw should be 80 to 85 percent efficient.
Sep 27, 2018· Estimate Jaw Crusher Capacity - 911 MetallurgistMar 19, 2017 The capacities are based on the crusher receiving full, continuous feed of clean, dry, friable stone weighing 100 lb/cu ft. …
A jaw or toggle crusher consists of a set of vertical jaws, one jaw is kept stationary and is called a fixed jaw while the other jaw called a swing jaw, moves back and forth relative to it, by a cam or pitman mechanism, acting like a class II lever or a nutcracker. The volume or cavity between the two jaws is called the crushing chamber.
The capacity figures given in the table above are approximate and are intended only to give an indication of what the crushers can be expected to produce. They apply for the open-circuit crushing of dry blasted granite with a bulk density of 1600 kg/m3 (100 lbs/ft3) and
calculation of impact crusher motor capacity . jaw crushers capacity calculations Odysseus Project. jaw crushers capacity calculations grdg mill equipment. review on design and analysis of jaw plate of jawcrusherijirseconsideration of decreasg the weight of . . how to calculate jaw crusher size and capacity how to calculate jaw crusher .
review on design and analysis of jaw plate of jaw-crusher - ijirse. A jaw crusher is a type of size reduction machine which is widely used in mineral, ... consideration of decreasing the weight of the swing plate of jaw crushers. ..... minimum= 45 mm, From Rose And English formula.
jaw crusher,gold mining equipment. a jaw crusher with high production capacity, large reduction ratio and high crushing efficiency production jaw crusher is widely. Contact Supplier Crushing Equipment, Manufacturer of Crusher, Crusher .
Used- Morse Brothers Machinery 4 x 6 jaw crusher, carbon steel. Top feed hopper. Approximate capacity range of 400-900 pounds per hour reducing product to 1/4". Driven by a 3 hp, 3/230/460, 1740 rpm motor. Mounted on a 45" tall stand for bottom discharge.
What is the approximate cost of a jaw crusher? The price of a jaw crusher is based on the size of the machine or the stone size you need to crush. ... The capacity is different according to you ...
Single-toggle jaw crushers Double-toggle jaw crushers A company of ThyssenKrupp. Single-toggle- and double-toggle jaw crushers from ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik: because it is the perfected design that does the job. 2 ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik ... The stated values are only approximate. Machine capacity depends on grain size distribution ...
The gyratory crusher can, just like a jaw crusher, accept boulder sizes close to 1.5 m (for the largest equipment). – This crusher can handle products with a Mohs hardness that is not necessarily less than 5. – As is the case for jaw crushers, there is not any mutual sliding on grinding surfaces, but simply rolling of the nut on concaves.
Home > Products > jaw crusher production capacity. Mobile Crushing Plant. Stationary Crushing Plant. Grinding Mill. Washing & Screening. Three in One Mobile Crusher. Mobile VSI Crusher. Mobile VSI Crusher & Washer. Mobile Crusher & Screen. Mobile Impact Crusher. Four in One Mobile Crusher. CS Cone Crusher.
The approximate capacity of a jaw crusher for hard rock application at a typical setting may be obtained by multiplying the width by 10 to get tonnes per hour. For example, a 48 by 60 crusher will have a capacity in the order of 600 tph when crushing ore in a hard rock mine.
Lippmann-Milwaukee jaw crushers are fabricated with an extra-heavily ribbed steel plate construction to provide maximum strength and durability while in operation. Frames are stress relieved before machining and after welding to ensure the highest quality product.
approximate capacity jaw crusher mvc-molenbeersel.be. Jaw Crushers Mining and Construction . The jaw crusher is a single Crusher model The capacity figures given in the table above are approximate and are intended only to give an indication. approximate capacity jaw crusher christoartfair.nl.
The capacity of the crusher is determined by its size. The gape determines the maximum size of material that can be accepted. Maximum size that can be accepted into the crusher is approximately 80% of the gape. Jaw crushers are operated to produce a size reduction ratio between 4:1 and 9:1. Gyratory crushers
This unique feature allows the Iron GiantTM jaw crusher to be maintained in “like new” condition even after decades of service. Notes: Capacities are approximate total throughput based on an average material having a bulk density of 100 lbs/ft3.
Approximate Cost Jaw Crusher - Estimate Jaw Crusher Capacity. estimate jaw crusher the costs of each feasible combination must be analyzed to find the crusher plant with the least total cost ...
Sep 27, 2018· This video is unavailable. Watch Queue Queue. Watch Queue Queue
The approximate capacity of a jaw crusher for hard rock application at a typical what is the cost of jaw crusher. low cost jaw crusher for crushing of approximate capacity jaw crusher wozaguys Jaw CrusherPropel Industries Private LtdPropel Propel AVJ series single toggle Jaw crusher offers the maximum possible fatigueavailability, efficient ... | <urn:uuid:8fda5cd0-0761-4d74-9604-9d8e828c97b1> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T23:26:51",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8880462646484375,
"score": 2.734375,
"token_count": 1692,
"url": "https://www.gezondkantinebeheer.nl/1567766805_approximate-capacity-jaw-crusher.html"
} |
Countries in South Asia have made remarkable progress in human development. Most are now classified middle-income countries, with rapid economic growth and improving social indicators. In the last few years alone over 150 million people have climbed out of income poverty. At the same time, while South Asia’s rich ecological, geographic and cultural diversity make the region unique, it also explains why it is volatile and vulnerable in social, economic and environmental terms.
Urbanization is also shaping South Asia’s development trajectory. The region faces continuing challenges from weak urban governance, poor provision of public services, lack of effective social protection systems and mounting urban poverty to the impact of climate change, natural hazards, political turmoil, gender inequality, etc. Businesses investing in this region need to understand these pressures as well as the opportunities the region presents – especially for children.
To evaluate country-level data based on children’s rights indicators, visit the Children’s Rights and Business Atlas.
- Filter results by content type
To mark our 10-year anniversary, and to acknowledge the 30th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, we asked young people and adult stakeholders what they see as the most critical issues for business to consider in the coming decade. To answer this question, we commissioned a global survey – scanning opinions from Stockholm to Sao Paolo – to listen and learn so that we can better guide companies along their journey to create a better world for children. So what are the top 10 children’s rights and business issues? Read on to find out!
The State of Children’s Rights and Business 2019, is a bold undertaking and showcases the results of nearly year-long review and analysis of just under 700 of the world’s leading companies, in nine sectors and along 20 children’s rights indicators. While the resulting data can be statistically complex, the underlying ambition was relatively straightforward. We wanted to learn more about how the corporate sector is doing with regard to integrating children’s rights into both their operations and their relationships with the communities in which they operate.
This film is about Nadiya, 2, and her mother Nasima Begum, 29, who is a garment worker in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Although factories in Bangladesh are legally obligated to provide daycare for young children, most do not comply with the law, thereby excluding mothers like Nasima from the labour force. However, this film showcases the positive affects business can have when supporting children's rights in the operations. This is one out of four stories presented in "Children's Voices" - a film collaboration proudly produced by Global Child Forum and CCR CSR. The video gives voice to children who talk about the impacts of businesses on their lives. #ChildrensVoices
In a world where big ideas about children’s rights are presented at high-level events, seminars and workshops, the voice of the children themselves is often conspicuously absent. Global Child Forum and CCR CSR have proudly produced a short-film that gives a voice to children, while at the same time inspiring businesses to invest in child rights. This full version film includes four short stories shot in four different countries: China, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Each story can also be found as a short film. Global Child Forum and CCR CSR appreciate if being referred to if/when the films are being showcased in channels or at events where we are not present. #ChildrensVoices
On Wednesday, April 11, the 10th Global Child Forum 2018 was held at the Stockholm Royal Palace. Over 300 participants from around the world gathered to discuss child rights issues. Participants represented global companies, financial institutions, civil society, the UN, academia and government.
Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca focuses its global community investment on the pressing challenge of preventing non-communicable diseases. They do this by targeting adolescents health and major risk behaviours such as tobacco and alcohol use and unhealthy eating through the AstraZeneca Youth Health Programme. A unique feature of the programme is that combines measures for behavioural change with research and advocacy. “The youth of today are going to be the main drivers of economic development for evolving nations. One way to help them grow up healthy is to empower them with knowledge about making healthy choices.” Helen-Marie Seibel, Director, Global Community Investment, AstraZeneca In this Deep Dive, we delve deeper into the Youth Health Programme in order to understand its background story and key features. The insights are based on interviews with company representatives and publicly available resources. As part of our research on corporate children’s rights programs, we have also developed a guide for companies: “Corporate Children’s Rights Programs – Guidance and Best Practice”.
Global Child Forum and the Boston Consulting Group initiated the Corporate Sector and Children’ Rights Benchmark study series in 2013 to fill a gap in research. The purpose of the series has been to develop a children’s rights benchmark for the corporate sector and to enable tracking of progress over time on how children’s rights are addressed by business. The data referred to in this reporting has been compiled from one global and five regional studies conducted between 2013-2016; the Nordic region, the Middle East and Northern Africa; Southern Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. In total, the reporting covers 2500 companies across nine different industries.
Global Child Forum and GES International have surveyed asset owner signatories to the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) in 2014, 2015, and 2017, in order to understand perspectives of the investor community on integrating children’s rights issues into decision-making processes. We are now taking stock of the knowledge generated from these surveys and from recent in-depth interviews with nine investors. The main findings of our work are presented in this report. The purpose of this report is twofold: to provide information and inspiration to investors by highlighting the relevance of children’s rights, and to supply concrete tools and frameworks for applying related perspectives. We also present two company examples which serve to demonstrate how investors can work with children’s rights on a practical level.
Standard Chartered is a leading international banking group. Many of the locations in which they operate are low income countries with high levels of gender inequality. The bank is therefore taking action to make positive social and economic contributions. Since 2006, they’ve supported girls, to take on leadership roles in their communities through the Goal program.
“We are asking ourselves:
‘How can we use the bank’s resources to help these girls reach their aspirations?’” Natasha Kwakwa, Program Director, Goal Standard Chartered In this Deep Dive, we delve deeper into the Goal program in order to understand its background story and key features. The insights are based on interviews with company representatives and publicly available resources. As part of our research on corporate children’s rights programs, we have also developed a guide for companies: “Corporate Children’s Rights Programs – Guidance and Best Practice”.
Global Child Forum and the Boston Consulting Group initiated the Corporate Sector and Children´s Rights Benchmark study series in 2013, to fill a gap in the existing research on how the corporate sector addresses children´s rights, both within their operations and in communities. We have produced one global and five regional studies: the Nordic region, the Middle East and Northern Africa; Southern Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. Based on this extensive knowledge, we are now delving deeper into our data in order to provide guidance for companies on how to further their efforts to implement the Children´s Rights and Business Principles. It is evident when analysing our data that almost half (46%) of all businesses establish their own programs and/or donate to charity. We have studied the programs of 13 companies, to identify pertinent common features that can be used as building blocks for other companies. The building blocks needed for a corporate children´s rights program to achieve maximum positive impact are: Relevance, Governance, Collaboration, and Measurement. In this guide, we describe each building block in detail, followed by concrete company examples.
During 2017, Global Child Forum initiated a project aiming at demonstrating how investments in education leads to positive pay-offs not only for the community but also for business. Rightshouse was engaged to carry out the mapping exercise and deliver a database/spreadsheet categorizing collected data – and a report presenting the main findings of the assignment. The report points out that businesses recognize the central importance of education both for development in society as a whole and for the business sector specifically. But while it is well documented that the education sector globally suffers from a significant lack of resources, contributions from the private sector are limited. All findings of the mapping exercise, together with business cases, are presented in the report.
Businesses, investors and organisations alike need to understand how their actions impact children’s rights across the globe. The Children’s Rights and Business Atlas, developed with UNICEF, is the first comprehensive resource to guide companies in assessing risks to children within industry sectors and regions of operation.
Businesses, investors and organisations alike need to understand how their actions impact children’s rights across the globe. The Children’s Rights and Business Atlas, developed with UNICEF, is the first comprehensive resource to guide companies in assessing risks to children within industry sectors and regions of operation. Through indices, global interactive maps and country scorecards, the Atlas provides a quantitative assessment on the degree to which children’s rights are protected within 195 countries and across 5 industry sectors.
ISS is one of the world’s leading facility services providers, employing approximately 500,000 people across 5 continents. This Deep Dive explores the policies the corporate group has put in place to safeguard children’s rights. From the supply chain to their direct business operation in for example schools and kindergartens, the company is taking measures to address risks posed to children.
“It’s not about the adults setting restrictions on their interactions with children: it’s the children who set their own boundaries and the adults have to understand how to act in respect of that.” Lo Hjorth, Director People & Culture, ISS Facility Services AB, Sweden
SCA is one of the world’s largest companies in personal care products, with presence in approximately 100 countries. This Deep Dive looks at their journey on the way to recognising children as key stakeholders to their company and ensuring that children’s rights are integrated into their daily operations. It also describes how SCA has entered several strategic collaborations and partnerships with different organizations to further children’s rights in different ways, but always integrated with their core business. This Deep Dive is part of our series that looks at how companies find solutions and harness opportunities that create meaningful change. (Photo credit: SCA – Alecsandra Raluca Dragoi)
This reference documents gives concrete guidance on how to report on children’s rights. This document can serve as both a tool for companies to assess themselves, or to get a greater understanding of the Global Child Forum’s methodology in carrying out its benchmark studies.
The infographic is a quick snapshot of a few of our reports, including: Children’s Rights and the Corporate Sector (Global Study, 2014), Children’s Rights and the Corporate Sector (MENA Study, 2014), Children Rights and the Corporate Sector (Southern Africa Study, 2015). The infographic includes short summaries of the studies carried out by the Global Child Forum and Boston Consulting Group highlighting key conclusions of the studies.
This working paper was prepared for the Global Child Forum (2015) at the Royal Palace in Stockholm by Johanna von Bahr (PhD Candidate). The paper addresses issues related to general advertising and market legislation, broadcast regulation, and legislation on advertising and marketing of food products high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS products). It aims to provide an overview of children’s rights protection legislation on advertising covering thirty-nine middle and high-income countries.
This case study is an in depth investigation into how Stora Enso, a company with a strong reputation for social responsibility was found itself in a crisis over child labour in its supply chain. The report details how the company, which employs 27, 000 people worldwide, which had scored highly in the Global Child Forum’s Children’s Rights Benchmark for the Corporate Sector (2014) still came short and also what they have done to try and remedy the situation.
This report presents the results from a survey on how 280 institutional investors integrate children’s rights in their responsible investment policies and practices. The survey is based on a questionnaire developed by GES and Global Child Forum regarding investor expectations and achievements related to children’s rights. We invited 280 asset owner signatories to the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) worldwide to participate in the survey. Thirty-one investors responded. The Investor Perspectives on Children’s Rights 2015 is a follow-up of the inaugural survey presented and discussed at the Global Child Forum in Stockholm in April 2014.
Global Child Forum is an independent, global multi-stakeholder platform for informed dialogue and thought leadership on how to advance children’s rights in support of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. This report is part of Global Child Forum’s objective to initiate and share research, raise crucial global awareness, new thinking and cross-sector dialogue regarding children’s rights. 195 investors in Europe and USA were invited to participate in the survey; only 22 responded. Some of the main findings included: Investors typically focus primarily on child labour and less on other children’s rights issues. 32 of the 195 investors have a publicly available responsible investor policy that includes a reference to children’s rights Of the 22 investors who responded, 21 replied that children’s rights have a potentially material impact to their investments.
Global Child Forum
This study assesses more than 1,000 publicly listed companies in eight sectors with high exposure to children’s rights issues: Food & Beverage, Consumer Goods, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), Travel & Tourism, Basic Materials, Industrial Goods, Oil & Gas and Healthcare. This report shows the extent to which these companies address and report on children’s rights. Being a global study the report shows how reporting varies with geography and industry sector.
This study is based on a questionnaire and publicly available information. The questionnaire was developed by Global Child Forum and GES was used as a framework when assessing investor’s public information. The targeted organisations were 195 investors in Europe and USA, 22 investors responded.
The views from children in this booklet developed by Save the Children Sweden, are taken from several consultations with children about corporate social responsibility, the Children’s Rights and Business Principles and from child rights reporting, especially regarding the impact of the business sector. Children know a lot. Let's listen to them and take their views into account!
Save the Children Sweden ...
A guide developed by Save the Children containing information and ideas for consulting with children and young people and collecting their views on the Draft Children’s Rights and Business Principles. It takes the reader through a series of simple steps and activities needed to get started and gives tips to ensure young people's recommendations are accuratley documented. The guidelines can be adapted to suit the particular needs and preferences of the participants with respect to children's rights in the context of business activities. Within this Guide you will find information about how to prepare for the consultation; important details/suggestions for ensuring young people's recommendations are accurately documented; various group activities to support discussion, learning and team building; and finally, some ideas relating to next steps and follow up. This Guide also contains a list of required and recommended resources about children and young people’s participation.
Save the Children Sweden ...
This study was commissioned by the Global Child Forum and written by Boston Consulting Group. The study was based on interviews and surveys with around 400 CEOs globally, representing over 60 countries and 20 industries of various sizes.
This paper has been prepared to support you, children and adolescents, to better understand how business affects your lives, families, communities and also your rights. Within these pages you will also learn about the ‘Children’s Rights and Business Principles Initiative’ (CRBI), the first comprehensive set of global standards for child-friendly business practices, developed by Save the Children Sweden together with the UN Global Compact and Unicef. Here you will find out more about what children's rights are, what is meant by the term 'children's participation', and the impact of business on the rights of children. You will also find answers to simple and basic questions about the Principles and at the end there is a list of key words to help you understand the terms used throughout this resource.
Save the Children Sweden ...
Select a region, industry or theme below to learn more about our work there. | <urn:uuid:eb85ecd4-25b9-4bfa-9806-e175eb5c881d> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:52:47",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9463664293289185,
"score": 2.609375,
"token_count": 3484,
"url": "https://www.globalchildforum.org/region/childrens-rights-and-business-in-south-asia/"
} |
On July 26, 2019, the European Central Bank (ECB)* announced that the Central Bank Gold Agreement, signed 20 years ago, will not be renewed. What does it mean? What important processes in the global economy does it indicate?
History and purpose of the agreement
The Central Bank Gold Agreement was signed in 1999 by the ECB and 14 central banks of European countries. The heads of state were fully aware of the key role of gold in ensuring Financial Security, so the purpose of the agreement was to balance the gold market and make it more transparent.
In order to avoid market turmoil, the central banks agreed not to sell large quantities of gold that exceeded a certain limit. The agreement was extended three times, and each time its conditions were eased. To date, the document has been signed by 21 central banks in Europe.
In the photo: the headquarter of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt am Main (Germany).
Within the period of 20-year-old agreement history, the global gold market has become more developed and safer. During this time, the price of the precious metal increased five times.
On August 20, 2019, the price of gold was $1,497 per ounce. On this day, back in 1999, the price of gold was $257.
Building up gold reserves
The parties to the agreement never violated its terms and did not exceed the established sales volumes of gold. On the contrary, in recent years, the European central banks have demonstrated a steady tendency for the accumulation of the yellow metal. To a large extent, this was due to the economic crisis of 2008, which proved the advantage of gold over national currencies.
According to the World Gold Council*, in 2018, central banks acquired a record amount of gold in the entire history of the modern international monetary system.
In the chart: last year, the demand for gold from the central banks amounted to 651 tons. This is the highest figure since 1971, when the US President Richard Nixon abandoned the gold standard* system.
In circumstances when countries prefer to stock up gold, sales restrictions that the central banks impose become irrelevant. Therefore, it was decided not to renew the agreement, which expires on September 26, 2019. The ECB statement says that all the affiliated parties recognize the importance of gold and have no intention to sell large quantities of gold.
Reasons for stocking up gold reserves
The strategy of the European central banks can be easily explained: the economic slowdown and the uncertainty with Brexit* bred fears, forcing us to stock up on a reliable risk-free asset. Gold suits this purpose, given that it is not controlled by any state and never depreciates.
The crises of recent decades have shown the effectiveness of gold in resolving financial problems. The alarming state of the global economy prompt countries to accumulate gold more actively, the price of which is increasing amid the deteriorating international situation.
*The European Central Bank (ECB) — a financial institution of the European Union that regulates monetary policy within the Eurozone.
*The World Gold Council — the market development organization, founded by the world's leading gold producers to stimulate demand for gold.
*The gold standard — a monetary system in which each economic unit of account (national currency) is based on a fixed quantity of gold. For example, the US twenty-dollar bill ($20) was equivalent to one ounce of gold in 1928.
*Brexit — the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. | <urn:uuid:f021a209-62f9-4c8f-91a9-a9a70c127e69> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:20:33",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.9515501856803894,
"score": 3.359375,
"token_count": 703,
"url": "https://www.globalintergold.com/gold-news/read/la-retirada-del-acuerdo-del-oro-que-significa-161"
} |
Methane’s globa warming is 86 times atmospheric CO2 over 20 years. Siberia’s batagaika crater is the world’s largest thermokast and the biggest carbon canary in the coal mine with the greatest growing abrupt warming rate. Warming creates more warming and the exposed sediment is providing 200,000 years of climate data.
You are here: / / 058 More than 60% of Russia is on permafrost
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. | <urn:uuid:dbc7e86d-1662-4662-9363-bb91af7a4695> | {
"date": "2020-01-23T22:55:05",
"dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05",
"file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250614086.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123221108-20200124010108-00376.warc.gz",
"int_score": 3,
"language": "en",
"language_score": 0.8309672474861145,
"score": 2.859375,
"token_count": 113,
"url": "https://www.goldenopportunitiesdevelopment.com/more-than-60-of-russia-is-on-permafrost/"
} |
Subsets and Splits