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allenai
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quartz

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QRQA-10222-4-flip
Rick had a rock (Rock A) from 1000 feet beneath the crust's surface. He later dug 3000 feet deeper and got a second rock (Rock B). Which rock is likely younger?
{ "text": [ "Rock A", "Rock B" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.
QRSent-10222
{ "effect_prop": "at the bottom", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "bottom", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "3000 feet deeper", "less_effect_dir": "1000 feet beneath the crust's surface", "less_cause_prop": "rock", "more_effect_prop": "rock", "less_effect_prop": "rock", "less_cause_dir": "rock" }
QRQA-10060-2
If Milo is measuring the seafloor and he notices the level of spreading has increased, what will happen to the sea level?
{ "text": [ "it will fall", "it will rise" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "seafloor spreading", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Sea level" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "sea level", "more_effect_prop": "spreading", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10171-3
Mona is an electrical engineer designing a new circuit. If she increases the total number of resistors in her new circuit, what happens to the total current of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10034-2-flip
Eric underwent surgery to decrease the size of his larynx. His voice is now
{ "text": [ "higher", "deeper" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The voice becomes deeper as the larynx in the throat grows larger.
QRSent-10034
{ "effect_prop": "larger larynx", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper voice" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "His voice", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "the size of his larynx", "less_cause_dir": "the size of his larynx" }
QRQA-10272-3-flip
If Mona is in her greenhouse monitoring her plants and she decides to lower the temperature inside, what happens to the rate of cellular respiration her plants exhibit?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "rate of reaction", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "rate of cellular respiration", "less_effect_prop": "rate of cellular respiration", "less_cause_dir": "rate of cellular respiration" }
QRQA-10387-2
If Ben exercises daily, and Anna exercises only weekly, who has a stronger heart?
{ "text": [ "Ben", "Anna" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "heart", "cause_dir_str": "regularly", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "exercises", "more_effect_prop": "heart", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10112-5
What happens when we head towards the core of the earth?
{ "text": [ "temperatures decrease", "temperatures increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth in the earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10026-3
If Mona creates a longitudinal wave and decreases the distance of the particles in the wave, what happens to the amplitude of that wave?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer together the particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10032-2-flip
When it is day time the pupils in our eyes are _____ open than normal.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "pupil", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "light" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more open", "less_effect_dir": "less open", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pupils in our eyes", "less_effect_prop": "pupils in our eyes", "less_cause_dir": "pupils in our eyes" }
QRQA-10151-1
Mike put two things into buckets of water. The first bucket got a rubber duck, and the second bucket got a bowling ball. The water was more displaced in the bucket with the bowling ball, because the mass was
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "bowling ball", "less_effect_prop": "rubber duck", "less_cause_dir": "rubber duck" }
QRQA-10268-1
If a person went higher into the mesosphere, would the temperature
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude in the mesosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10385-5-flip
The population in Milo's city has been decreasing recently. What will happen to the city's level of water scarcity?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many of the worlds people live with water scarcity, and that percentage will increase as populations increase and climate changes.
QRSent-10385
{ "effect_prop": "water scarcity", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "populations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_cause_dir": "water scarcity" }
QRQA-10295-3-flip
If Mona is manipulating the charge of a couple of her objects, what happens to the electrostatic force if she decreases the charge of one of the objects?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charged the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "object", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10040-5-flip
If you are at a loud rock concert what will not happen to your hearing?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss.
QRSent-10040
{ "effect_prop": "hearing loss", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "noise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hearing", "less_effect_prop": "hearing", "less_cause_dir": "hearing" }
QRQA-10182-4-flip
If you subtracted more citric acid from orange juice the acid levels would
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid.
QRSent-10182
{ "effect_prop": "acid", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "acid from orange juice", "more_effect_prop": "acid", "less_effect_prop": "acid", "less_cause_dir": "acid" }
QRQA-10210-2-flip
Two species with very dissimilar DNA are probably _____ related.
{ "text": [ "distantly", "closely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more similar the DNA molecules of different species are, the closer the relationship is likely to be.
QRSent-10210
{ "effect_prop": "distance in relationship", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "DNA similarity of different species" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "distantly", "less_effect_dir": "closely", "less_cause_prop": "DNA", "more_effect_prop": "related", "less_effect_prop": "related", "less_cause_dir": "related" }
QRQA-10171-4
Decreasing the resistance in a series circuit will lead to _____ total current.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10077-2-flip
Eric has dark skin and Rita has light skin. Who produces less melanin?
{ "text": [ "Eric", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
However, the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin.
QRSent-10077
{ "effect_prop": "melanin produce", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "melanin", "less_cause_dir": "melanin" }
QRQA-10084-3
Shannon is swimming and wants to find the densest water to soak in. She will find water that has a pressure that is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases.
QRSent-10084
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10104-2
When something is gravitationally close to something else it will go
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.
QRSent-10104
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "speed", "less_effect_prop": "speed", "less_cause_dir": "speed" }
QRQA-10189-1-flip
Scott rolls two balls together until they strike each other. When Scott rolls the balls softly, they are apart a
{ "text": [ "great distance", "small distance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "push" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "balls", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10269-3-flip
The blood vessels near the top of the skin do what when it's cool?
{ "text": [ "enlarge", "contract" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "diameter", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "enlarge", "less_effect_dir": "contract", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_cause_dir": "blood vessels" }
QRQA-10152-2-flip
When we subtract more water to something there will be
{ "text": [ "fewer reactions", "more reactions" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_cause_dir": "reactions" }
QRQA-10274-4
Terry adds a longer resistor to the circuit. The resistor offer _____ than the other one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The longer the resistor, the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10274
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistor long" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10227-3-flip
If Milo is hunting for water and he finds two water sources, which one will it be harder for him to extract water from?
{ "text": [ "one close to the surface", "one far from the surface" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer to the surface an aquifer is, the easier it is to get the water.
QRSent-10227
{ "effect_prop": "easier it is to get the water", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to the surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "harder", "less_cause_prop": "surface", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10059-4
Mona is an astronomer who looks at stars for a living. If she is observing how hot certain stars are and she notices that one is hotter then the others, what does that say about the brightness of that star?
{ "text": [ "it's dimmer", "it's brighter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brighter", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hotter a main sequence star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "brighter", "less_effect_dir": "dimmer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10101-3
A model created with much computing power should have a _____ chance of being accurate.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
But the more computing power that goes into the model and the care with which the scientists construct the model can increase the chances that a model will be accurate.
QRSent-10101
{ "effect_prop": "accuracy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "computing power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "accuracy", "less_effect_prop": "accuracy", "less_cause_dir": "accuracy" }
QRQA-10370-3-flip
Will waves on the ocean be larger or smaller if they are caused by wind compared to rocks?
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.
QRSent-10370
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "caused waves", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10368-3-flip
Rocks that have no water in them have a
{ "text": [ "high melting point", "low melting point" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the amount of water increases, the melting point of rock decreases.
QRSent-10368
{ "effect_prop": "melting point", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10140-3
A pale person will sunburn _____ than a dark-skinned person.
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburning", "cause_dir_str": "light-skinned", "effect_dir_str": "more quickly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "skin pigmentation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "skin pigmentation", "more_effect_prop": "sunburn", "less_effect_prop": "sunburn", "less_cause_dir": "sunburn" }
QRQA-10100-3
Eric sends out an electromagnetic wave. Reid is 10 feet away and Will is 40 feet away. Who would have the stronger reading of the wave?
{ "text": [ "Will", "Reid" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
However, the energy is diluted as an electromagnetic wave travels farther from its source because it spreads out over an ever-larger area.
QRSent-10100
{ "effect_prop": "energy is diluted", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "diluted", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther from its source" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "reading of the wave", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10186-1-flip
Decreasing the mass of an object causes its inertia to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10269-5
Asa is running in a race and his body temperature increases. His skin's blood vessels _____ in diameter.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "blood vessels in the skin diameter", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "diameter", "less_effect_prop": "diameter", "less_cause_dir": "diameter" }
QRQA-10323-2
Max notices that the resistor is getting hotter. He is concerned that the resistor will offer
{ "text": [ "less resistance.", "more resistance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10272-4
Eric increased the temperature on the thermostat. The rates of reaction in the room now happen more
{ "text": [ "quickly", "slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rate of reaction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "reaction", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10026-2
As Kyle examines how longitudinal waves work, he notes that these particular waves have a great amount of amplitude. Kyle now knows that it means that the particles of these particular longitudinal waves are
{ "text": [ "closer together", "farther apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great amount", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10354-1-flip
Would Jim's solution become more or less acidic if he decreased the concentration of hydrogen atoms in it?
{ "text": [ "more acidic", "less acidic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH.
QRSent-10354
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hydrogen ion concentration" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen atoms", "more_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_cause_dir": "acidic" }
QRQA-10370-4
Kelly drops a 5kg weight and a 10kg weight in two similarly sized buckets. If this creates a wave, the wave with more amplitude was caused by the
{ "text": [ "5kg", "10kg" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.
QRSent-10370
{ "effect_prop": "more amplitude wave", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "more energy wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "weight", "more_effect_prop": "wave with amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10289-3-flip
If Milo calms down and his heart starts pumping less blood with each stroke, what happens to his heart rate?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "beat less often", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "heart expels more blood with each stroke" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_cause_dir": "heart rate" }
QRQA-10281-1
Suppose Jim decides to use less electricity in his day to day activities. What can he expect will happen to the amount of pollution he is responsible for creating?
{ "text": [ "it will increase", "it will decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "less pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity consumption" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "electricity", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10031-4
If Milo is racing cars on a track and one car has less mass then another, what does that tell him about the smaller cars acceleration potential compared to the larger car?
{ "text": [ "it's higher", "it's lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force.
QRSent-10031
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration potential", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration potential", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration potential" }
QRQA-10127-3-flip
Mona is designing a car in a factory. If she decides to remove cylinders from the car's engine, what happens to the power that engine can output?
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "powerful", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cylinders a car engine has" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "cylinders", "more_effect_prop": "power that engine can output", "less_effect_prop": "power that engine can output", "less_cause_dir": "power that engine can output" }
QRQA-10028-4-flip
Decker pulls some taffy as far as he can then lets it contract. The elastic potential energy of the candy would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the object is stretched or compressed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "some taffy", "more_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "elastic potential energy" }
QRQA-10356-2-flip
A thin wire will carry _____ current than a large piece of wire.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10123-5-flip
If Milo cuts himself shaving and gains a lot of blood, what happens to his blood pressure?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10050-3-flip
A non-smoker's body works _____ just to get needed air.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person smokes there are chemicals released by the tobacco that enter the lungs. Because the lungs have to work harder to remove the chemicals, the body has to work harder to get the air needed to survive.
QRSent-10050
{ "effect_prop": "work to get air", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tobacco chemicals in the lungs" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "body", "more_effect_prop": "works", "less_effect_prop": "works", "less_cause_dir": "works" }
QRQA-10150-2
Will found water from a source 10m from shore. Eric found water from a source 2m from shore. Whose water likely contains the most nutrients?
{ "text": [ "Will", "Eric" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients.
QRSent-10150
{ "effect_prop": "closer to shore", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nutrients" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "2m from shore", "less_effect_dir": "10m from shore", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10242-4-flip
If China decides to build fewer factories to produce goods, what will happen to their demand for natural resources?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Developing nations will also increase demands on natural resources as they build more factories.
QRSent-10242
{ "effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "factories" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "factories", "more_effect_prop": "demand for natural resources", "less_effect_prop": "demand for natural resources", "less_cause_dir": "demand for natural resources" }
QRQA-10298-2-flip
Fred has an isotope that decays quickly. What is likely true about it?
{ "text": [ "it can be used to date older specimens", "it can't be used to date old specimens" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Because these isotopes decay more slowly, they can be used to date much older specimens.
QRSent-10298
{ "effect_prop": "use to date specimens", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "isotopes decay" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "can be used to date", "less_effect_dir": "an't be used to date", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "older specimens", "less_effect_prop": "older specimens", "less_cause_dir": "older specimens" }
QRQA-10338-3
Kate is going to diffuse a liquid and a gas. The gas is diffused first, because the particles with it are
{ "text": [ "closer together", "further apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is also called diffusion, and the process is much faster in gases than in liquids, because the particles in gases are further apart.
QRSent-10338
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "further apart", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "further apart", "less_effect_dir": "closer together", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10260-1
If Jim opens his water tap so that the water moves faster, what will happen to the energy levels of the water?
{ "text": [ "they will decrease", "they will increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Faster-moving water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy level", "less_effect_prop": "energy level", "less_cause_dir": "energy level" }
QRQA-10117-3-flip
Tina flew lower and lower into the stratosphere. The temperature of her ship
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "stratosphere altitude", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stratosphere temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "into the stratosphere", "less_cause_dir": "into the stratosphere" }
QRQA-10209-4-flip
Sarah's plants have been greatly photosynthesizing regularly, so that means that the plants now produce food in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
QRSent-10209
{ "effect_prop": "food produced", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10201-2
If a car and a truck drive away from each other, what happens to the gravitational attraction between the two vehicles?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction decreases.
QRSent-10201
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational attraction" }
QRQA-10206-2-flip
Mona is trying to build a telescope that will collect less light then her current one. If she wants to make sure to achieve this goal, what should she do to the size of her telescope?
{ "text": [ "decrease it", "increase it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "collect more light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Larger telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "the size of her telescope", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "collect light", "less_cause_dir": "collect light" }
QRQA-10246-5
Sandra had to pee, and when she did, she noticed her urine was nearly clear, because she had consumed water in
{ "text": [ "greater amounts", "lesser amounts" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water it contains", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dark urine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater amounts", "less_effect_dir": "lesser amounts", "less_cause_prop": "water it contains", "more_effect_prop": "clear", "less_effect_prop": "clear", "less_cause_dir": "clear" }
QRQA-10102-5
Jimmy found a fossil on the beach. He compared it to a fossil in the museum that was much older. Which fossil more likely resembles modern organisms?
{ "text": [ "beach fossil", "museum fossil" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, fossils in older rocks are less similar to modern organisms.
QRSent-10102
{ "effect_prop": "similar to modern organisms", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "fossils in older rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "likely", "less_effect_dir": "older", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "beach", "less_effect_prop": "museum", "less_cause_dir": "museum" }
QRQA-10105-4-flip
Jimbo was sitting at the beach watching the waves. He noticed the waves were decreasing in size. What does this mean for the amount of erosion that the waves will cause?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.
QRSent-10105
{ "effect_prop": "erosion they cause", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bigger the waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "size", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10111-1
John was looking at the bases and noticed something. The higher the pH of the substance, the amount of basic it was
{ "text": [ "Increased", "Decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For bases we can state the folllowing: The higher the pH of a substance, the more basic it is.
QRSent-10111
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10249-4
Michel watched the fast waves hit shore with power. The waves were _____.
{ "text": [ "big", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "Waves", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "big", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10302-4-flip
Mark is boiling alkenes and wants to see which will boil last; the larger ones or the smaller ones. The alkenes that will boil last are the ones that are
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "sizable alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "boil last", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "ones", "more_effect_prop": "alkenes", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10076-1
A wave with more energy than another will have a _____-frequency.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of the wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10240-1
Marty watched the cruise ship sail away and get _____.
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If you are standing on the shore and a ship is going out to sea, the ship gets smaller as it moves further away from you.
QRSent-10240
{ "effect_prop": "Distance", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "further away", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Ship" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "ship", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10085-1
A shorter wire will have _____ resistance than a longer one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10200-4
A vehicle that was sleek and aerodynamic and a vehicle that was bulky were each driven the same distance over the same amount of time. Which vehicle needed to less energy to power it?
{ "text": [ "bulky vehicle", "sleek vehicle" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "streamlined" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "vehicle", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10113-3
John was looking at the lights passing through the object. He noticed that the more dense the medium, the light would move
{ "text": [ "Faster", "Slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more dense the medium, the slower the light moves.
QRSent-10113
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10140-2-flip
Jeff has dark skin and stays on the beach with Layla, who has light skin, for 2 hours. Neither use sunblock. Who is likely less sunburned?
{ "text": [ "Jeff", "Lydia" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburned", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more quickly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "light-skinned people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sunburned", "less_cause_dir": "sunburned" }
QRQA-10113-2-flip
If Mona shines a light through both wool and cotton and determines that cotton is more dense then wool, which material will the light move faster through?
{ "text": [ "wool", "cotton" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more dense the medium, the slower the light moves.
QRSent-10113
{ "effect_prop": "the light moves", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense the medium" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move faster", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10405-3
Tasha is studying birth rates in various countries. She looks at two countries. In South Africa, the food supply is currently lower than in Australia. Because of this, the birth rate in South Africa, compared to Australia, will be
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Low food supply or a lack of space can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or lead to emigration.
QRSent-10405
{ "effect_prop": "birth rates", "cause_dir_str": "low", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "food supply" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "birth rate", "less_effect_prop": "birth rate", "less_cause_dir": "birth rate" }
QRQA-10326-4-flip
Allie looks for sunscreen at the store. She sees SPF 30 and SPF 100. Which likely protects her skin worse?
{ "text": [ "SPF 30", "SPF 100" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "protects the skin", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "sunscreen", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "protects skin", "less_cause_dir": "protects skin" }
QRQA-10216-4
Eric has a 4in diameter cable. Rita has a 1in diameter cable. Electrons could likely move faster through
{ "text": [ "Eric's cable", "Rita's cable" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "difficult for electrons to move", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "thinner wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "move faster", "less_cause_prop": "cable", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "electrons", "less_cause_dir": "electrons" }
QRQA-10068-3-flip
Will was farming in a rich country when he noticed he his energy consumption was high. Despite this, his consumption of energy is likely much _____ than that of a poor country.
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "use energy", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "richer nations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "country", "more_effect_prop": "consumption of energy", "less_effect_prop": "consumption of energy", "less_cause_dir": "consumption of energy" }
QRQA-10195-4
Which of these items has less gravitational strength?
{ "text": [ "the moon", "earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less massive objects also have less gravity than more massive objects.
QRSent-10195
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "massive objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "item", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational strength", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational strength" }
QRQA-10253-1
If you tried to push a sack of feathers or a sack of hammers, both of the same volume, would it be easier to push the
{ "text": [ "sack of feathers", "sack of hammers?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "difficulty in overcoming friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "an objects weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "to push", "less_cause_dir": "to push" }
QRQA-10090-1-flip
Curt wants to make a drink from chocolate chips and milk. To make the chips melt more slowly, Shane will use chips that are
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
It would be hard to get a big chunk of chocolate to dissolve in your milk or hot water. Maybe you could make hot chocolate from some smaller pieces like chocolate chips, but it is much easier to add a powder to your milk. This is because the smaller the pieces are, the more surface area they have.
QRSent-10090
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pieces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10289-2
Don notices that the patient's heart is expelling more blood with each stroke. The patient's heart has to beat _____ often to maintain consistent blood flow.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "heart beat", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "expel blood" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "beat", "less_effect_dir": "beat", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "more", "less_effect_prop": "less", "less_cause_dir": "less" }
QRQA-10057-1-flip
An increase in body size will cause a concomitant _____ in its surface area to volume ratio.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
QRSent-10057
{ "effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "body size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_cause_dir": "surface area to volume ratio" }
QRQA-10088-4
If Milo is building a new circuit and he increases the number of resistors in a series on that circuit, what happens to the overall resistance of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10088
{ "effect_prop": "overall resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "overall resistance", "less_effect_prop": "overall resistance", "less_cause_dir": "overall resistance" }
QRQA-10145-1-flip
If Mary decreased the temperature in her greenhouse what would happen to the rate of evaporation from water on her plants?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10086-4-flip
Ian surfed a 6 foot wave. Tony surfed a 10 foot wave. The wave with the lowest amplitude was
{ "text": [ "Tony's", "Ian's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the crests of a wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lowest", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10326-1
A sunscreen with an SPF value of 15 will protect skin _____ than a sunscreen with an SPF value of 30.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "skin protection", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF value of sunscreen" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "SPF value", "more_effect_prop": "protect skin", "less_effect_prop": "protect skin", "less_cause_dir": "protect skin" }
QRQA-10218-2-flip
Harold decreased the current in a circuit. The resistance now is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We can say that resistance and current in an electric circuit areinversely proportional, because as the one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.
QRSent-10218
{ "effect_prop": "current in a circuit", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in an electric circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "current", "less_cause_dir": "current" }
QRQA-10073-5
James spent 30 minutes exercising while Mary spent only 10 minutes exercising. Which person had the higher heart rate?
{ "text": [ "Mary", "James" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warming up exercises increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate.
QRSent-10073
{ "effect_prop": "heart rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercises" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "exercising", "more_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10112-1
James stares at the volcano and saw the rocks melt because of the _____ temperatures.
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "Rocks", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more likely", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10363-3-flip
When you work out at the gym less your muscles become
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "muscles", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "work out at the gym", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10269-2
Derek felt warm as he stood in the sun, and since his body was heating up, he knew that his blood vessels in his skin were
{ "text": [ "expanding", "contracting" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "blood vessel diameter", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "expanding", "less_effect_dir": "contracting", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_cause_dir": "blood vessels" }
QRQA-10298-1
For dating the age of a fossil, and compared to the isotope Francium with a 22 minute half-life, would Carbon 14 with its 5730 year half-life be a
{ "text": [ "less useful isotope?", "more useful isotope" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Because these isotopes decay more slowly, they can be used to date much older specimens.
QRSent-10298
{ "effect_prop": "utility in dating older specimens", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rates of isotope decay" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more useful", "less_effect_dir": "less useful", "less_cause_prop": "Carbon 14", "more_effect_prop": "isotope", "less_effect_prop": "isotope", "less_cause_dir": "isotope" }
QRQA-10157-4-flip
Reid pulled the energy levels closer to the nucleus. They are now likely to have _____ orbitals.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Energy levels farther from the nucleus of an atom have more orbitals.
QRSent-10157
{ "effect_prop": "orbitals", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Energy levels farther from the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "energy levels", "more_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_cause_dir": "orbitals" }
QRQA-10116-1-flip
An electron with an increased energy level will have energy that is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.
QRSent-10116
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "energy levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10261-5
Planets moving closer together will have _____ magnetic attraction.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "planets", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10157-3
Dana is trying to see how far the energy levels are from the nucleus in an atom. Since the energy levels are very far from the nucleus, the atom has
{ "text": [ "less orbitals", "more orbitals" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Energy levels farther from the nucleus of an atom have more orbitals.
QRSent-10157
{ "effect_prop": "orbitals", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "far" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_cause_dir": "orbitals" }
QRQA-10151-3-flip
If there are two equal-volume objects, the least dense object will be the one with _____ mass.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of one of two equal-volume objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least dense", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "equal-volume object", "less_cause_dir": "equal-volume object" }
QRQA-10260-4
Ollie pours his water quickly while Fay pours her water slowly. Whose water contains more energy?
{ "text": [ "Ollie", "Fay" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "moving water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10251-2-flip
Chris sees a particle with low energy. Chris knows it has not a lot of energy because it vibrates
{ "text": [ "weakly", "powerfully" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "strongly they vibrate", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy the particles in matter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "powerfully", "less_effect_dir": "weakly", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "vibrates", "less_effect_prop": "vibrates", "less_cause_dir": "vibrates" }
QRQA-10208-1
Which object likely contains more energy?
{ "text": [ "a pinhead", "the sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "a pinhead", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10151-5-flip
If we have a bag of feathers and a bag of bricks of the same volume, the lighter item will be the
{ "text": [ "feathers", "bricks" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "mass", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bricks", "less_effect_dir": "feathers", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10352-4
James is a much bigger person than Sally. Which person has more gravity?
{ "text": [ "Sally", "James" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gravity is a pull which all matter exerts on all other matter, the more mass, the stronger the pull.
QRSent-10352
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10323-3-flip
If a piece of wire it gets very cold it will have
{ "text": [ "more resistance", "less resistance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10030-4-flip
Mona is flying in a hot air balloon. As she floats lower in the air the air temperature decreases. What will happen to the air pressure?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10030
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "air temperature", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10076-3
Will sees a wave with a frequency of 60hz and a wave with a frequency of 10hz. Which wave has more energy?
{ "text": [ "the 60hz wave", "the 10hz wave" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more energy", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "wave", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }