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allenai
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quartz

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QRQA-10247-1
As Peter's dog got bigger, the dog's bones became
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "bones", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "bones", "less_effect_prop": "bones", "less_cause_dir": "bones" }
QRQA-10309-5-flip
As atoms get smaller, they are able to attract
{ "text": [ "more electrons", "less electrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger atoms have more electrons.
QRSent-10309
{ "effect_prop": "electrons", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "Smaller", "less_cause_prop": "Attraction", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Atoms", "less_cause_dir": "Atoms" }
QRQA-10065-5-flip
As two objects move closer together, the force of gravity between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "objects", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10363-2-flip
Jimbo liked to work out a lot, while James never worked out. Which person would have weaker muscles?
{ "text": [ "Jimbo", "James" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "stronger", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercised" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "worked out", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10035-4-flip
A pH value of 9 has a _____ acidity level than a pH value of 8.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH value, the more strongly acidic the substance.
QRSent-10035
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "pH value", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10395-1-flip
As Brian descended Mount Everest, there was _____ air.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area.
QRSent-10395
{ "effect_prop": "Air", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Elevations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "mount everest", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10184-1-flip
As the train approached the intersection and blew its horn, expanding the wavelengths of the sound, did the frequency of the horn
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This means that as wavelengths get shorter, more waves move past a particular spot in the same amount of time.
QRSent-10184
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of waves", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10351-1
By waving a Geiger counter that was previously only clicking once a minute over a block of Uranium, was the scientist able to hear
{ "text": [ "more clicks", "fewer clicks?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster the clicks of a Geiger counter occur, the higher the level of radiation.
QRSent-10351
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of Geiger counter clicks", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "level of radiation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more clicks", "less_effect_dir": "fewer clicks", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Geiger counter", "less_effect_prop": "Geiger counter", "less_cause_dir": "Geiger counter" }
QRQA-10119-3-flip
If a particle were to cool down, it would have _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the temperature, the more energy the particles have and the faster they will move and diffuse.
QRSent-10119
{ "effect_prop": "energy of a particle", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a particle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "more", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10170-3
Penny added salt to her cup of water and noticed the water got _____.
{ "text": [ "thicker", "thinner" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If salt is added to a volume of water, there are more molecules in the same volume, so the water is denser.
QRSent-10170
{ "effect_prop": "Density", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Molecules" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "thicker", "less_effect_dir": "thinner", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10263-4-flip
When two things are small they have what level of gravitational force?
{ "text": [ "High", "Low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of gravitational attraction.
QRSent-10263
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "two things", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10310-1-flip
Compared to sound waves travelling through a cup of ice water, would sound waves travelling through a cup of boiling water move
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "slower speed of sound waves in the medium", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "lower temperatures in a medium" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slower", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "sound waves" }
QRQA-10193-4
A taller wave on the ocean has _____ strength than a smaller wave.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy in it", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "strength", "less_effect_prop": "strength", "less_cause_dir": "strength" }
QRQA-10141-3-flip
Ed is adding a resistor to a circuit. If he needs it to have less resistance, he should add a resistor that is
{ "text": [ "shorter.", "longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer length resistors will offer more resistance than shorter resistors.
QRSent-10141
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10162-3
We are designing a submarine to study fish that live far below the surface of the ocean. Before we can send a human researcher down in the submarine, we have to be sure it can tolerate the pressure of the water without cracking. The tougher test will be to send our submarine down to
{ "text": [ "500 feet or", "1500 feet?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "tougher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "test", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10023-5-flip
Jeff goes to Death Valley and launches his personal spacecraft into orbit. He then returns to earth, and as his altitude decreases, the temperature he feels
{ "text": [ "drops", "rises" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The surface is heated by the Sun and some of that heat radiates back into the air. This makes the temperature higher near the surface than at higher altitudes.
QRSent-10023
{ "effect_prop": "altitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "near the surface", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature near the surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the temperature he feels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "his altitude", "less_cause_dir": "his altitude" }
QRQA-10022-4
If Mona is exploring different continents and she notices that Africa is warmer then North America, which continent will have more types of vegetation?
{ "text": [ "North America", "Africa" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "types of vegetation it will have", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmer a climate is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "vegetation", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10366-5
A young female is _____ likely to acquire breast cancer than an older female.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "commonness of breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "years of age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "female", "more_effect_prop": "breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "breast cancer" }
QRQA-10404-2
Dan notices that there were no new trees planted this year. Since there are so few trees in the area, Dan expects the air to be
{ "text": [ "moist", "dry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "dry air", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "drier", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "dry", "less_effect_dir": "moist", "less_cause_prop": "trees", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10402-1-flip
Jan poured a liquid solution into a bottle and the solution was not dense, so in the bottle it took up
{ "text": [ "more room", "less room" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More dense water takes up less space than less dense water.
QRSent-10402
{ "effect_prop": "space", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "dense", "more_effect_prop": "room", "less_effect_prop": "room", "less_cause_dir": "room" }
QRQA-10146-4-flip
Jay adds less resistors in parallel to a circuit. The total current strength
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more resistors are added in parallel, the total current strength increases.
QRSent-10146
{ "effect_prop": "total current strength", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors added in parallel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10088-2
When we are building a computer if we want to add resistance we need
{ "text": [ "more resistors", "fewer resistors" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10088
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "add", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10385-5
The population in Milo's city has been increasing recently. What will happen to the city's level of water scarcity?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many of the worlds people live with water scarcity, and that percentage will increase as populations increase and climate changes.
QRSent-10385
{ "effect_prop": "water scarcity", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "populations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_cause_dir": "water scarcity" }
QRQA-10289-1-flip
Jon was jogging, and quickening his pace. His heart is beating _____.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "Beats", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Expelled blood" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "beating", "less_effect_prop": "beating", "less_cause_dir": "beating" }
QRQA-10016-2-flip
Ron takes away resistors from his series circuit. The current in his circuit will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease.
QRSent-10016
{ "effect_prop": "current in a circuit", "cause_dir_str": "adding", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in a circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "current", "less_effect_prop": "current", "less_cause_dir": "current" }
QRQA-10069-2
If a surface were to be smoothed, it should encounter _____ friction.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
QRSent-10069
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "roughness of a surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "surface", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10021-5-flip
Rich is 60 years old and Tony is 30 years old. _____ has a lesser risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
{ "text": [ "Rich", "Tony" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older age, male gender, and a family history of cardiovascular disease all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cant be controlled.
QRSent-10021
{ "effect_prop": "risk of developing cardiovascular disease", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "years old", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "risk", "less_cause_dir": "risk" }
QRQA-10365-1-flip
John was combining chemicals in his lab one day. If he were to decrease the temperature in his lab, what would happen to the rate of chemical reactions in his experiments?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Chemical weathering increases as: Temperature increases: Chemical reactions proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures.
QRSent-10365
{ "effect_prop": "chemical reactivity", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more rapidly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "rate", "less_effect_prop": "rate", "less_cause_dir": "rate" }
QRQA-10075-4-flip
Mona loves to travel the world. She has been to nearly every country. If she notices that some countries appear to be cooler then others, what can she determine about their proximity to the equator?
{ "text": [ "farther away", "closer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Areas near the equator are warmer than areas near the poles because they receive more direct sunlight.
QRSent-10075
{ "effect_prop": "warmer", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "near the equator" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "cooler", "less_cause_prop": "countries", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "countries", "less_cause_dir": "countries" }
QRQA-10187-4
Eric analyzes water while deep sea fishing and compares it to water near the shore. The shore water has _____ nutrients than the deep sea water.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients in the water", "cause_dir_str": "nearer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water nearer shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients" }
QRQA-10335-4-flip
When Milo cools down a pan on the stove, the particles begin to
{ "text": [ "move more quickly", "move more slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles move more quickly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "cools down", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pan", "less_cause_dir": "pan" }
QRQA-10152-3-flip
Rita removed more water to her beaker. The amount of possible chemical reactions
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "chemical reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "water to her beaker", "more_effect_prop": "amount of possible chemical reactions", "less_effect_prop": "amount of possible chemical reactions", "less_cause_dir": "amount of possible chemical reactions" }
QRQA-10018-1-flip
Drake goes to the gym every day and works out. The less time that Drake spends exercising, his muscles will be
{ "text": [ "smaller", "bigger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger.
QRSent-10018
{ "effect_prop": "muscle", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "time", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10400-5-flip
If Mona cools down the air she is putting into her weather balloon, what will happen to the height that it can rise into the troposphere?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "rises higher in the troposphere", "cause_dir_str": "warm", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Warm air" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature of air", "more_effect_prop": "height of balloon", "less_effect_prop": "height of balloon", "less_cause_dir": "height of balloon" }
QRQA-10329-5-flip
We don't need oxygen masks when we descend Everest because the air pressure is
{ "text": [ "low", "high" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "Everest", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10121-3-flip
If there is less surface area on an item then it will have
{ "text": [ "more ribosomes", "less ribosomes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
QRSent-10121
{ "effect_prop": "ribosomes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "ribosomes", "less_effect_prop": "ribosomes", "less_cause_dir": "ribosomes" }
QRQA-10057-4
As Jimbo grows older and his body size gets bigger, what happens to his surface area to volume ratio?
{ "text": [ "gets bigger", "gets smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
QRSent-10057
{ "effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "body size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gets bigger", "less_effect_dir": "gets smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_cause_dir": "surface area to volume ratio" }
QRQA-10400-5
If Mona heats up the air she is putting into her weather balloon, what will happen to the height that it can rise into the troposphere?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "rises higher in the troposphere", "cause_dir_str": "warm", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Warm air" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "height of balloon", "less_effect_prop": "height of balloon", "less_cause_dir": "height of balloon" }
QRQA-10399-5
Eric has a soccer ball and kicks it into a rock of roughly the same size. The rock doesn't move and the ball bounces away. The rock is _____ dense than the ball.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tightly packed the particles inside the material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10355-5
If Mary is weighing two objects and she notices that her orange has a larger mass then her cherry, which object will have greater momentum?
{ "text": [ "cherry", "orange" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both.
QRSent-10355
{ "effect_prop": "mass", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "momentum" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "mass", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10274-3-flip
A resistor with low resistance indicates it is
{ "text": [ "long", "short" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The longer the resistor, the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10274
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistor length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10278-2
Officer Ricky points a radar gun at a car. A speeding car likely has _____ frequency waves bouncing off of it.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster car is moving" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency of waves", "less_effect_prop": "frequency of waves", "less_cause_dir": "frequency of waves" }
QRQA-10208-2
When a car has more velocity what happens to its kinetic energy?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "velocity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases kinetic energy", "less_effect_dir": "decreases kinetic energy", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10359-3-flip
If we change resistors in series to not be in parallel the resistance
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When we add resistors in parallel to each other the total resistance decreases and the current increases.
QRSent-10359
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "add", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in parallel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10382-1-flip
At the beach, Sean noticed that the wind was calming down, and got into the water to enjoy the waves that were
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "waves are", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "wind", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10284-1-flip
Carter buries cans of soda in the dirt. The shallower the holes for the cans of soda, the pressure will be
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the rocks move deeper into the Earth, temperature and pressure increase.
QRSent-10284
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deep" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "holes", "more_effect_prop": "cans of soda", "less_effect_prop": "cans of soda", "less_cause_dir": "cans of soda" }
QRQA-10107-2
If Jim increases how basic his solution is, it means the solution proximity to pH 14 is
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more basic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 14.
QRSent-10107
{ "effect_prop": "closer its pH value will be to 14", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "basic a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "proximity to pH 14", "less_effect_prop": "proximity to pH 14", "less_cause_dir": "proximity to pH 14" }
QRQA-10275-4
Sue sees a star with a high frequency. Erin sees a star with a low frequency. The hotter star belongs to
{ "text": [ "Sue", "Erin" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies) correspond to higher energies and thus hotter star temperatures.
QRSent-10275
{ "effect_prop": "hotter star temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher frequencies" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hotter", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10237-5
Ian wants the transpiration rate to decrease in his leaves, so he will do what with the humidity levels
{ "text": [ "decrease them", "increase them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As humidity increases, the water potential gradient across the inside and outside the leaf become more equal, and so the rate of transpiration decreases.
QRSent-10237
{ "effect_prop": "transpiration", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humidity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "humidity", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "transpiration", "less_cause_dir": "transpiration" }
QRQA-10279-3-flip
Ivan and Rita weighed themselves. Ivan weighs less than Rita. Who has a larger gravitational pull?
{ "text": [ "Ivan", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the mass of the objects, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10279
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "larger", "less_cause_prop": "weight", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational" }
QRQA-10063-5
Mo has a wave with a short wavelength. He notices the wavelength shrinking over time. The wave now has _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10063
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wavelength", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10163-2
Rich lives in Chicago, Illinois while Rachel lives in Sydney, Australia. Who likely experiences more atmospheric pressure in December?
{ "text": [ "Rich", "Rachel" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Decreasing air temperature increases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10163
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure in December", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10405-1
An increase in birth rates indicates a/an _____ in the food supply.
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Low food supply or a lack of space can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or lead to emigration.
QRSent-10405
{ "effect_prop": "birth rate", "cause_dir_str": "low", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "food supply" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "food supply", "more_effect_prop": "birth rates", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10333-5
If Earth's temperature were to plummet, there would be _____ glaciers.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The glaciers on Earth are getting smaller and smaller as Earths temperature rises.
QRSent-10333
{ "effect_prop": "glaciers", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Earth's average temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Earth's temperature", "more_effect_prop": "glaciers", "less_effect_prop": "glaciers", "less_cause_dir": "glaciers" }
QRQA-10030-5
Donna gets headaches from having too much pressure in the atmosphere, so if Donna doesn't have a headache today, it means the air temperature is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10030
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "too much pressure", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "air temperature", "more_effect_prop": "atmosphere", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10333-2-flip
Rick is able to prove that in fifty years, the Earth's average temperature will be significantly lower. Based off of this information, he could also deduce then that the number of glacier's on earth in 50 years will be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The glaciers on Earth are getting smaller and smaller as Earths temperature rises.
QRSent-10333
{ "effect_prop": "glaciers on Earth", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "number of glaciers", "less_effect_prop": "number of glaciers", "less_cause_dir": "number of glaciers" }
QRQA-10235-3
A small nation decided to ramp up its production capabilities and built several large factories. Would the river next to the factories have
{ "text": [ "more hazardous waste", "less hazardous waste?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Nations that have more industry produce more hazardous waste.
QRSent-10235
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_cause_dir": "hazardous waste" }
QRQA-10206-3
Mike had a small telescope for years and years. Recently, his wife purchased him a bigger one. Compared to the smaller telescope, the amount of light the new, bigger one would collect would be
{ "text": [ "less.", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "amount of light", "less_effect_prop": "amount of light", "less_cause_dir": "amount of light" }
QRQA-10387-3-flip
If you spend very little time working out your muscles will be
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "muscle", "cause_dir_str": "regularly", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "time", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10170-3-flip
Penny removed salt from her cup of water and noticed the water got _____.
{ "text": [ "thicker", "thinner" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If salt is added to a volume of water, there are more molecules in the same volume, so the water is denser.
QRSent-10170
{ "effect_prop": "Density", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Molecules" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "thicker", "less_effect_dir": "thinner", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10109-1-flip
Would a diesel powered submarine release less pollution if it were running on
{ "text": [ "its diesel engine", "its battery backup power?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids.
QRSent-10109
{ "effect_prop": "emission of pollution", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "time running on battery power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "battery backup power", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10084-2
As Cindy swam deeper into the ocean, it got darker and _____.
{ "text": [ "warmer", "cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases.
QRSent-10084
{ "effect_prop": "Decreases", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Water density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "cooler", "less_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10026-1-flip
Causing particles in a longitudinal wave to move further apart causes the amplitude to
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity of particles in a longitudinal wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10383-5-flip
A slow moving stream is capable of carrying _____ particles than a fast moving stream.
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "particle sizes carried", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "speed of a stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10096-2
If we are able to catch a disease early we the chance of curing it is
{ "text": [ "less likely", "more likely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The sooner cancer is treated, the greater the chances of a cure.
QRSent-10096
{ "effect_prop": "chance of cure", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "time" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "catch", "more_effect_prop": "cure", "less_effect_prop": "cure", "less_cause_dir": "cure" }
QRQA-10089-1-flip
Compared to the curved lenses of a pair of binoculars, would a large flat sheet of glass refract
{ "text": [ "less light?", "more light" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light.
QRSent-10089
{ "effect_prop": "amount of light the lens refracts", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the curvature of a lense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more light", "less_effect_dir": "less light", "less_cause_prop": "sheet of glass", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10309-4-flip
Evan has a 10 meter atom model. Quentin has a 20 meter atom model. Whose atom would probably have less electrons if they are different elements to the same scale?
{ "text": [ "Evan's", "Quentin's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger atoms have more electrons.
QRSent-10309
{ "effect_prop": "electrons", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "atom", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "electrons", "less_cause_dir": "electrons" }
QRQA-10323-4
Paul measured a resistor's temperature at 20C. Another resistor he measured at 30C. If both resistors are the same type, which offers more resistance?
{ "text": [ "20C", "30C" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance resistor has", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hotter resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "esistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10150-3
Dave is taking water samples from various parts of Lake Erie. He takes the first sample very close to the shore line. The second sample he takes from the middle of the lake. He expects that the _____ sample will have more nutrients in it/
{ "text": [ "second", "first" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients.
QRSent-10150
{ "effect_prop": "nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "lake", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients in sample", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients in sample", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients in sample" }
QRQA-10333-2
Rick is able to prove that in fifty years, the Earth's average temperature will be significantly higher. Based off of this information, he could also deduce then that the number of glacier's on earth in 50 years will be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The glaciers on Earth are getting smaller and smaller as Earths temperature rises.
QRSent-10333
{ "effect_prop": "glaciers on Earth", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "number of glaciers", "less_effect_prop": "number of glaciers", "less_cause_dir": "number of glaciers" }
QRQA-10033-5
Tom is flying at the top of the thermosphere while Rita is flying near the bottom. Who experiences the greatest temperature?
{ "text": [ "Tom", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the thermosphere, temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10033
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitudes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greatest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "the thermosphere", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10086-4
Ian surfed a 6 foot wave. Tony surfed a 10 foot wave. The wave with the highest amplitude was
{ "text": [ "Tony's", "Ian's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the crests of a wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "highest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10036-3-flip
Chris is trying to rewire his home. He wants to install wiring that has the least resistance. He has two choice of wires. the first type of wire is 12 gauge. The second type of wire is thicker at 16 gauge. The wire that offers the most resistance will be the
{ "text": [ "first type of wire", "second type of wire" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker wires offer less resistance.
QRSent-10036
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Thicker wires" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10402-3
Jeff found some very dense water. He knows it is dense because it takes up _____ space than less dense water.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More dense water takes up less space than less dense water.
QRSent-10402
{ "effect_prop": "space takes up", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "space", "less_cause_dir": "space" }
QRQA-10290-3
When light travels faster, the light refracting bends
{ "text": [ "more", "less." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In refraction of light, the greater the change in speed, the more light bends.
QRSent-10290
{ "effect_prop": "light bending", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light refracting bends", "less_effect_prop": "light refracting bends", "less_cause_dir": "light refracting bends" }
QRQA-10022-5
Plants grow better in tropical areas because it is
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "plants", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "grow better", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "it", "more_effect_prop": "plants", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10225-2
If Jim samples water that is close to the shore and water that is far from the shore, which sample will contain more nutrients?
{ "text": [ "water far from shore", "water near shore" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water near shore generally has more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10225
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Water near shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10016-1-flip
If Mona is building a new circuit and she removes serial resistors from it, what happens to the total current in that circuit?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease.
QRSent-10016
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "adding", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "adding resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10144-5-flip
RJ diamond is more resistant to weathering while Tony has some sandstone which is less resistant to weathering. Whose rock will likely not last as long?
{ "text": [ "RJ's", "Tony's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer.
QRSent-10144
{ "effect_prop": "remain longer", "cause_dir_str": "more resistant", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistant types of rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "not last as long", "less_cause_prop": "sandstone", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "rock", "less_cause_dir": "rock" }
QRQA-10040-2
Tina is at a loud concert. She is _____ susceptible to hearing loss as she gets closer to the speakers.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss.
QRSent-10040
{ "effect_prop": "exposure needed to cause hearing loss", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "louder the sounds" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speakers", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10128-3-flip
When water is eroding down a river it will do less cutting if it is
{ "text": [ "low", "high" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, the higher the elevation, the farther the stream is from where it will reach base level and the more cutting it has to do.
QRSent-10128
{ "effect_prop": "cutting", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_cause_dir": "cutting" }
QRQA-10326-3
Jimbo is going to the beach and he wants to ensure he has the highest sun protection for his skin. Should he wear a sunscreen with a higher SPF or a lower SPF?
{ "text": [ "higher SPF", "lower SPF" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "protects the skin", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "highest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "SPF", "more_effect_prop": "sun protection", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10041-2-flip
John was looking at the magnetic reader in the lab. What he observed was that as a wave with a shorter wavelength traveled, the frequency became
{ "text": [ "Lower", "Higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10161-5
Eric pulls an electron away from the nucleus of an atom. The electron _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "loses", "gains" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you go farther from the nucleus of an atom, the electron levels have more and more energy.
QRSent-10161
{ "effect_prop": "electron level energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther from the nucleus of an atom" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gains", "less_effect_dir": "loses", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10233-1
When a star is nearing a planet, the star will be pulled into it if the gravitational force is
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
QRSent-10233
{ "effect_prop": "gravitation force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closeness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10182-1
If Jim increases the strength of an acid he is playing with, the concentration of ions in that acid
{ "text": [ "falls", "rises" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid.
QRSent-10182
{ "effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rises", "less_effect_dir": "falls", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_cause_dir": "concentration of ions" }
QRQA-10102-3-flip
Dan is comparing a mosquito that has been fossilized to a mosquito that he saw in a museum. Since the fossilized mosquito is millions of years old, the similarities between the organisms will be
{ "text": [ "many", "few" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, fossils in older rocks are less similar to modern organisms.
QRSent-10102
{ "effect_prop": "similar to modern organizms", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "few", "less_cause_prop": "mosquito", "more_effect_prop": "organism similarities", "less_effect_prop": "organism similarities", "less_cause_dir": "organism similarities" }
QRQA-10317-1-flip
A hydrocarbon that halves its carbon atoms will cause an _____ in the amount of isomers.
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10383-3-flip
John was watching the movement of a stream in the forest. He noticed that the faster moving stream could carry particles that are
{ "text": [ "Larger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "particles", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10253-4
Mike is trying to make two different things slide across the ground. One is block, the other is a chair. The thing that will be easiest to push has
{ "text": [ "more mass", "less mass" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "weight", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "difficult" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "things", "more_effect_prop": "mass", "less_effect_prop": "mass", "less_cause_dir": "mass" }
QRQA-10326-2-flip
John was analyzing some of the results from his sunscreen study. He found that a lower SPF protects the skin
{ "text": [ "Shorter", "Longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "protection", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "protects longer", "less_effect_dir": "protects shorter", "less_cause_prop": "sunscreen", "more_effect_prop": "skin", "less_effect_prop": "skin", "less_cause_dir": "skin" }
QRQA-10017-1
If Jim increases the frequency of the radio waves on his shortwave radio, will the radio use
{ "text": [ "less energy?", "more or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies, photons have more energy.
QRSent-10017
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequencies" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10122-1-flip
Compared to an island filled with tigers, would a similar island with no tigers be
{ "text": [ "less likely to have an overwhelming deer population", "more likely to have an overwhelming deer population?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "decrease in the population of a species", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of predators of a species" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely to be overwhelming", "less_effect_dir": "less likely to be overwhelming", "less_cause_prop": "tigers", "more_effect_prop": "deer", "less_effect_prop": "deer", "less_cause_dir": "deer" }
QRQA-10398-5
Lana is watching two waterfalls. The first waterfall is very steep, and the other is just a slope. The waterfall which will have the most erosion at the bottom is the one with the water which falls
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion.
QRSent-10398
{ "effect_prop": "fastness", "cause_dir_str": "steeper", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "steepness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "falls faster", "less_effect_dir": "falls slower", "less_cause_prop": "waterfall", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10262-4
Dean wants his solution to be as acidic as possible, so his concentration of hydrogen ions will be
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic but has a lower pH.
QRSent-10262
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "as acidic as possible", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions", "more_effect_prop": "solution", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10380-1-flip
Tim went to the gym frequently, while Geremy did not. Who likely has larger muscles?
{ "text": [ "Geremy", "Tim" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Exercising muscles increases their size, and bigger muscles have greater strength.
QRSent-10380
{ "effect_prop": "muscle size", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercising muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10211-1
Which wire likely has the greatest amount of resistance?
{ "text": [ "a bridge suspension cable", "a paper clip" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The thinner the wire, the more resistance it offers.
QRSent-10211
{ "effect_prop": "Offered resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Wire thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greatest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "thickness", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10343-2-flip
High frequency bass notes have what length wavelengths
{ "text": [ "long", "short" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "High", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "frequency base notes", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10327-4
When there are high levels of gluons in quarks it becomes
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gluons make quarks attract each other more strongly the farther apart the quarks get.
QRSent-10327
{ "effect_prop": "strength", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gluons" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "it", "less_effect_prop": "it", "less_cause_dir": "it" }
QRQA-10205-3-flip
Rich was examining a cliff face. Which part of the cliff is younger, geologically speaking?
{ "text": [ "the base", "the top" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The upper rock layers are much younger.
QRSent-10205
{ "effect_prop": "age of rocks", "cause_dir_str": "upper", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation of layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "part of the cliff", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "part of the cliff", "less_cause_dir": "part of the cliff" }