allenai/sci-sentences-10k · Datasets at Hugging Face

sentences sequence	tags sequence
[ "Regeneration", " could", " be", " by", " optical", ",", " electrical", ",", " pressure", "/", "acoustic", ",", " thermal", " or", "\nother", " means", ".", "b", ")", " Liquid", " crystal", " X", "-", "ray", " light", " valves", "In", " conjunction", " with", " optical", " polarisers", ",", " and", " for", " medical", " X", "-", "ray", " imaging", ",", " these", " devices", " have", " been", "\nunder", " development", " for", " several", " years", " [", "58", "]", ".", "To", " our", " knowledge", ",", " they", " have", " not", " been", " developed", " for", "\nIICV", " purposes", ",", " though", " the", " technology", " appears", " suitable", ".", "Charges", " induced", " by", " ionizing", " radiation", " in", " a", "\nsemiconductor", " cause", " local", " alterations", " of", " birefringence", " in", " an", " adjacent", " thin", " film", " of", " liquid", " crystal", ",", "\nleading", " to", " modulations", " of", " optical", " phase", " in", " a", " probing", " light", " field", ".", "Foreseeable", " complications", " are", " that", "\nthe", " dynamic", " range", " for", " the", " optical", " phase", " modulation", " is", " limited", " by", " the", " possible", " extent", " of", " molecular", "\nconfiguration", " change", " in", " the", " liquid", " crystal", ".", "In", " addition", " the", " kinetic", " rates", " of", " the", " molecular", "\nreorientation", " processes", " are", " slow", " (", "typically", " 0", ".", "01", " -", " 0", ".", "1", " s", ")", " when", " compared", " to", " repetition", " rates", " in", " many", "\npump", "-", "probe", " experiments", " (", "e", ".", "g", ".", " kilohertz", ")", ".", "c", ")", " Ferroelectrics", "In", " ferroelectrics", " optical", " birefringence", " is", " modulated", " by", " local", " electrical", " fields", ",", " including", " free", "\ncharges", " generated", " by", " radiation", "-", "induced", " ionization", " in", " the", " bulk", " of", " the", " material", ".", "The", " effect", " on", " a", "\nspatially", " coherent", " light", " field", " is", " similar", " to", " the", " liquid", " crystal", " devices", ",", " though", " here", " unconstrained", " by", "\nmacromolecular", " reorientation", ".", "Thus", ",", " through", " the", " depth", " of", " a", " ferroelectric", " crystal", ",", " local", " optical", " phase", "\nshifts", " can", " occur", " to", " the", " extent", " that", " phase", " wrapping", " occurs", ".", "The", " kinetics", " of", " the", " atomic", " repositioning", "\nassociated", " with", " birefringence", " are", " also", " very", " different", ",", " being", " dependent", " on", " the", " proximity", " to", " the", " Curie", "\ntemperature", " [", "50", "]", " and", " ultrafast", " material", " chemical", " dynamics", " [", "59", "-", "61", "]", ".", "An", " important", " work", " in", " the", "\npresent", " IICV", " context", " is", " [", "62", "]", ";", " we", " also", " draw", " attention", " to", " references", " [", "63", "-", "65", "]", ".", "Acoustic", " translation", " and", "\nspatiotemporal", " manipulation", " of", " excitonic", " states", " in", " related", " devices", " [", "66", "]", " raises", " the", " possibility", " of", " a", "\nlevel", " of", " control", " comparable", " to", " that", " employed", " in", " the", " readout", " mechanism", " of", " conventional", " charge", "\ncoupled", " devices", " (", "CCDs", ")", ".", "d", ")", " Cloud", " and", " bubble", " chambers", "Here", ",", " optical", " detectability", " of", " single", " events", " is", " associated", " with", " gain", " in", " a", " supersaturated", " vapor", " or", "\nsupercritical", " liquid", ",", " with", " nucleation", " points", " caused", " by", " ionizing", " radiation", ".", "Liquid", "-", "gas", " phase", "\nboundaries", " scatter", " light", " in", " both", " cases", ".", "Many", " theoretical", " and", " experimental", " examinations", " of", " the", " rate", "\nand", " growth", " mechanisms", " of", " the", " droplets", "/", "bubbles", " have", " been", " made", " [", "67", "-", "69", "]", ",", " including", " in", " devices", "\ndriven", " by", " pressure", " waves", " and", " ultrasound", " [", "70", "]", ".", "The", " latter", " devices", " could", " be", " temporally", " phase", " locked", "\nto", " pulsed", " ionizing", " radiation", " sources", " (", "e", ".", "g", ".", " FELs", ")", " and", " pulsed", " interrogation", " lasers", " [", "71", "-", "73", "]", " to", " permit", "\ncontrol", " of", " the", " optical", " scatter", " of", " growing", " droplets", "/", "bubbles", " by", " modulating", " the", " amplitude", " and", " temporal", "\nphase", " of", " the", " acoustic", " field", ".", "Bubble", " chambers", " offer", " short", " stopping", " lengths", " for", " ionizing", " radiations", ",", " as", "\nmotivated" ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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[ "Ayush", " Jain", ",", " Gabriel", " Sarch", ",", " Adam", " W", " Harley", ",", " and", " Katerina", " Fragkiadaki", ".", " Move", " to", " see", " better", ":", " Towards", " self", "-", "supervised", " amodal", " object", " detection", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2012", ".", "00057", " ,", " 2020", ".", " 3", "\n[", "15", "]", " Jorge", " Fuentes", "-", "Pacheco", ",", " José", " Ruiz", "-", "Ascencio", ",", " and", " Juan", " Manuel", " Rendón", "-", "Mancha", ".", " Visual", " simultaneous", " localization", " and", " mapping", ":", " a", " survey", ".", " Artificial", " intelligence", " review", " ,", " 43", "(", "1", ")", ":", "55", "–", "81", ",", " 2015", ".", " 3", "\n[", "16", "]", " Yarin", " Gal", ",", " Riashat", " Islam", ",", " and", " Zoubin", " Ghahramani", ".", " Deep", " bayesian", " active", " learning", " with", " image", " data", ".", " In", " Proceedings", " of", " the", " 34th", " International", " Conference", " on", " Machine", " Learning", "-", "Volume", " 70", " ,", " pages", " 1183", "–", "1192", ".", "JMLR", ".", " org", ",", " 2017", ".", " 3", "\n[", "17", "]", " Dhiraj", " Gandhi", ",", " Lerrel", " Pinto", ",", " and", " Abhinav", " Gupta", ".", " Learning", " to", " fly", " by", " crashing", ".", " In", " 2017", " IEEE", "/", "RSJ", " International", " Conference", " on", " Intelligent", " Robots", " and", " Systems", " (", "IROS", ")", " ,", " pages", " 3948", "–", "3955", ".", " IEEE", ",", " 2017", ".", " 1", "\n[", "18", "]", " Kaiming", " He", ",", " Xiangyu", " Zhang", ",", " Shaoqing", " Ren", ",", " and", " Jian", " Sun", ".", " Deep", " residual", " learning", " for", " image", " recognition", ",", " 2015", ".", " 6", "\n[", "19", "]", " Kaiming", " He", ",", " Georgia", " Gkioxari", ",", " Piotr", " Dollár", ",", " and", " Ross", " Girshick", ".", " Mask", " R", "-", "CNN", ".", " In", " ICCV", " ,", " pages", " 2961", "–", "2969", ",", " 2017", ".", " 1", ",", " 2", ",", " 3", ",", " 4", ",", " 6", "\n[", "20", "]", " Judy", " Hoffman", ",", " Eric", " Tzeng", ",", " Taesung", " Park", ",", " Jun", "-", "Yan", " Zhu", ",", " Phillip", " Isola", ",", " Kate", " Saenko", ",", " Alexei", " Efros", ",", " and", " Trevor", " Darrell", ".", " Cycada", ":", " Cycle", "-", "consistent", " adversarial", " domain", " adaptation", ".", " In", " International", " conference", " on", "\nmachine", " learning", " ,", " pages", " 1989", "–", "1998", ".", " PMLR", ",", " 2018", ".", " 3", "\n[", "21", "]", " Berthold", " Horn", ".", " Robot", " vision", " .", " MIT", " press", ",", " 1986", ".", " 1", "\n[", "22", "]", " Berthold", " KP", " Horn", " and", " Brian", " G", " Schunck", ".", " Determining", " optical", " flow", ".", " Artificial", " intelligence", " ,", " 17", "(", "1", "-", "3", ")", ":", "185", "–", "203", ",", " 1981", ".", " 7", ",", " 9", "\n[", "23", "]", " Eric", " Jang", ",", " Coline", " Devin", ",", " Vincent", " Vanhoucke", ",", " and", " Sergey", " Levine", ".", " Grasp2vec", ":", " Learning", " object", " representa", "-", " tions", " from", " self", "-", "supervised", " grasping", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "1811", ".", "06964", " ,", " 2018", ".", " 3", "\n[", "24", "]", " Dinesh", " Jayaraman", " and", " Kristen", " Grauman", ".", " Learning", " image", " representations", " tied", " to", " ego", "-", "motion", ".", " In", " Proceed", "-", " ings", " of", " the", " IEEE", " International", " Conference", " on", " Computer", " Vision", " ,", " pages", " 1413", "–", "1421", ",", " 2015", ".", " 2", "\n[", "25", "]", " Dinesh", " Jayaraman", " and", " Kristen", " Grauman", ".", " Look", "-", "ahead", " before", " you", " leap", ":", " end", "-", "to", "-", "end", " active", " recognition", " by", " forecasting", " the", " effect", " of", " motion", ".", " In", " European", " Conference", " on", " Computer", " Vision", " ,", " pages", " 489", "–", "505", ".", " Springer", ",", "\n2016", ".", " 3", "26", "]", " Dinesh", " Jayaraman", " and", " Kristen", " Grauman", ".", " Learning", " to", " look", " around", ":", " Intelligently", " exploring", " unseen", " environments", " for", " unknown", " tasks", ".", " In", " Proceedings", " of", " the", " IEEE" ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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" belonging", " to", " Bologna", " buildings", " which", " had", " not", " been", "\nsubject", " to", " important", " variations", " during", " time", ",", " as", " resulting", " from", " a", " careful", " consultation", " of", " graphic", " and", "\ndescriptive", " historical", " documentation", " (", "Bocchi", " et", " al", ".", " 1998", ")", ";", " the", " coordinates", " were", " deduced", " from", " the", "\ncurrent", " large", "-", "scale", " numerical", " map", " of", " the", " Bologna", " Municipality", " (", "CTC", ")", ".", "Therefore", ",", " the", " maps", " were", "\ndigitally", " joined", " basing", " only", " on", " the", " georeferencing", " information", ",", " and", " a", " digital", " mosaic", " was", " obtained", ".", "The", " maps", " of", " the", " floors", " above", " and", " below", " were", " georeferenced", " based", " on", " the", " previous", " mosaic", ",", " due", " to", "\ntwo", " factors", ":", " the", " need", " to", " best", " fit", " the", " map", " of", " each", " floor", " with", " the", " corresponding", " map", " of", " the", " ground", "\nfloor", ",", " and", " the", " possibility", " of", " recognizing", " a", " higher", " number", " of", " GCPs", ".", "Digital", " mosaics", ",", " each", " one", " com", "-", "\ning", " from", " the", " assemblage", " of", " the", " georeferenced", " maps", " belonging", " to", " a", " single", " floor", ",", " were", " achieved", ".", "Virtual", " restoration", "Secondly", ",", " a", " virtual", " restoration", " (", "Federzoni", ",", " 2008", ")", " was", " carried", " out", " on", " the", " Bologna", " copy", " of", " the", "\nground", " floor", " cadastral", " sheets", ",", " since", " their", " analogical", " supports", " have", " been", " partially", " subject", " to", " wear", "\nand", " tear", ",", " due", " to", " frequent", " use", " during", " time", ".", "This", " was", " made", " only", " on", " the", " ground", " floor", " mosaic", ",", " in", " or", "-", "\nder", " to", " provide", " mapping", " information", " (", " i", ".", "e", ".", " geometry", " and", " identifying", " number", " of", " the", " lots", ")", " where", " data", "\nwere", " lacking", " because", " of", " wear", " and", " tear", " of", " the", " analogical", " support", ".", "To", " reach", " the", " aim", ",", " the", " original", "\nNapoleonic", " map", " (", "1812", "-", "14", ")", " kept", " at", " the", " National", " Archive", " of", " Rome", " (", "better", " preserved", " than", " the", " 1831", "\nrectangular", " sheets", ",", " due", " to", " the", " fact", " that", " the", " maps", " stored", " in", " the", " Presidenza", " del", " Censo", " were", " not", " used", "\nto", " achieve", " administrative", " aims", ")", " was", " used", ":", " a", " digital", " copy", " of", " the", " map", " (", "provided", " by", " the", " Rome", " Na", "-", "\ntional", " Archive", ")", " was", " referenced", " on", " the", " basis", " of", " the", " 1831", " ground", " floor", " mosaic", ",", 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[ "As", "\nsoon", " as", " the", " obstacle", " is", " detected", ",", " the", " sensor", " detects", " it", "\nand", " sends", " it", " to", " the", " device", " which", " generates", " an", "\nautomated", " buzzer", " voice", " near", " the", " ear", ".", "An", " IR", " sensor", "\ndetects", " theposition", " of", " the", " glasses", " when", " they", " fell", " off", " the", "\nto", " the", " ground", ".", "As", " soon", " as", " it", " fell", " down", " its", " start", " a", " buzzer", "\nthat", " intimate", " the", " position", " to", " pick", " it", " again", " by", " the", " user", ".", "Key", " Words", " :", " Aurdino", " Uno", ",", " Ultrasonic", " Sensors", ",", " Buzzer", "INTRODUCTION", "On", " an", " approximation", " 285", " million", " people", " are", " visually", "\nimpaired", " across", " the", " globe", ",", " among", " which", " 39", " million", " are", "\nblind", " and", " 246", " have", " low", " vision", " according", " to", " WHO", "\nstatistics", " of", " 2011", ".", "About", " 90", "%", " of", " the", " world", "'", "s", " visually", "\nimpaired", " live", " in", " low", "-", "income", " settings", " whereas", " 82", "%", " of", "\npeople", " living", " with", " blindness", " are", " aged", " 50", " and", " above", ".", "India", " is", " now", " home", " to", " the", " world", "'", "s", " largest", " number", " of", "\nblinds", ".", "Out", " of", " the", " 37", " million", " blind", " people", " worldwide", ",", "\nover", " 15", " million", " are", " from", " India", ".", "The", " worst", " thing", " is", " that", "\n75", "%", " of", " these", " are", " cases", " of", " avoidable", " blindness", ".", "India", " has", "\nan", " acute", " shortage", " of", " optometrists", " and", " donated", " eyes", " for", "\nthe", " treatment", " of", " corneal", " blindness", ".", "While", " India", " needs", "\n40", ",", "000", " optometrists", ",", " it", " has", " only", " 8", ",", "000", ".", "Blind", " people", " are", "\nusually", " dependent", " on", " assistance", " from", " others", ".", "The", "\nassistance", " can", " be", " from", " human", " beings", ",", " dogs", " or", " some", "\nspecial", " electronic", " devices", ".", "There", " are", " already", " many", "\nexisting", " devices", " which", " helpa", " blind", " person", " in", " walking", ".", "The", " most", " common", " is", " the", " simple", " walking", " stick", " or", " cane", ".", "The", "\nblind", "\nman", "\nuses", "\nit", "\nto", "\ndetect", "\nthe", "\nobstaclesbysweeping", " the", " cane", " back", " and", " forth", " but", "\nunfortunately", " sometimes", " the", " blind", " man", " gets", " aware", "\nabout", " the", " obstacle", " too", " late", ".", "With", " the", " recent", " advances", "\nin", " technology", " normal", " glsses", " can", " be", " modified", " to", " smart", "\nblind", " glasses", " with", " an", " untrasonic", " sensor", " attached", " to", " it", ".", "It", "\nhas", " several", " limitations", ".", "Therefore", ",", " the", " solution", " that", " has", "\nbeen", " protrayed", " in", " this", " paper", " is", " cost", " effective", ",", " reliable", ",", "\nrobust", " and", " portable", " device", " which", " would", " help", " a", " blind", "\nperson", " to", " walk", " on", " the", " streets", " almost", " like", " any", " other", "\npedestrian", ".", "LITERATURE", " SURVEY", "In", " a", " rapidly", " flourishing", " country", " like", " our", " innumerable", "\nnumber", " of", " attempts", " has", " been", " made", " for", " the", " welfare", " of", "\nespecially", " able", " people", " of", " our", " society", ".", "One", " of", " such", "\nattempts", " is", " the", " project", " ,", " an", " empathetic", " attempt", "\ntowards", " the", " blind", " children", " to", " help", " them", " gain", " knowledge", "\nof", " a", " set", " of", " obstacles", " around", " them", " by", " using", " their", " brains", ".", "Sheth", " et", " al", " worked", " on", " how", " a", " blind", " people", " 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derivative", " of", " C", " (", " x", " )", " is", " equal", " to", " H", " (", "1", " /", " x", " )", ".", "We", " now", " discuss", " the", " “quantum", " modular", " form”", " aspect", " of", " Theorem", " 2", ".", "Note", " first", " that", " the", "\nfunction", " H", " is", " periodic", " of", " period", " 4", " and", " hence", " extends", " to", " a", " periodic", " function", " on", " all", " of", " Q", " .", "This", " function", " is", " even", ",", " so", " we", " could", " also", " extend", " H", " from", " Q", " >", " 0", " to", " Q", " by", " H", " (", " x", " )", " :", " =", " H", " (", " \|", " x", " \|", " )", ".", "One", " might", " then", " think", " of", " extending", " C", " to", " negative", " values", " of", " the", " arguments", " by", " setting", "\nC", " (", " x", " )", " =", " H", " (", " x", " )", " +", " xH", " (", "1", " /", " x", " )", " for", " all", " x", " (cid:10)", "=", " 0", ",", " but", " if", " we", " did", " that", " then", " C", " (", " x", " )", 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[ "sp", ".", ";", " Po", " (cid:1)", " ta", ",", " p", ".", " 196", ",", " pl", ".", " 9", ",", "\nfig", ".", " 14", ".", "1957", " Dictyonema", " (", "Pseudodictyonema", ")", " graptolithorum", " Po", " (cid:1)", " ta", ",", " 1894", ";", "\nBou", " (cid:1)", " ek", ",", " p", ".", " 69", "–", "70", ",", " pl", ".", " 7", ",", " pl", ".", " 8", ",", " figs", ".", " 4", "–", "6", ",", " text", "-", "fig", ".", " 27a", "–", "c", ".", "Material", " .", " AM", " F114753", ",", " AM", " F114755", " and", " AM", " F114645", ",", "\nall", " from", " F14", ",", " Bridge", " Creek", ".", "Diagnosis", " .", " Pseudodictyonema", " with", " characteristically", " ropy", ",", "\ncompound", " stipes", ",", " a", " rectangular", " meshwork", " defined", " by", " stipes", "\nand", " robust", " dissepiments", ";", " stipes", " spaced", " at", " 14", "–", "16", " in", " 10", " mm", ";", "\ndissepiments", " 8", "–", "13", " in", " 10", " mm", ";", " stipes", " 0", ".", "30", "–", "0", ".", "50", " mm", 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text", " (", "actually", " 5", "–", "6", " in", " 10", " mm", ")", ".", "Family", " Stelechocladiidae", " Chapman", " et", " al", " .", ",", " 1993", "Stelechocladia", " Po", " (cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)", " ta", ",", " 1894", "Type", " species", " .", " Stelechocladia", " subfruticosa", " Po", " (cid:1)", " ta", ",", " 1894", ",", "\nsubsequently", " designated", " by", " Bou", " (cid:1)", " ek", " (", "1957", ")", ".", "Stelechocladia", " praeattenuata", " n", ".", "sp", ".", "Figs", ".", " 17B", ",", " 19A", ",", "B", "Material", " .", " H", " OLOTYPE", " AM", " F114743a", "-", "b", ",", " from", " BF28", ",", " W", "\ntributary", " of", " Bridge", " Creek", ".", "P", " ARATYPES", " AM", " F114765", " from", "\nBF14", ",", " Bridge", " Creek", ";", " AM", " F114781", " from", " F14", ",", " Bridge", " Creek", ";", "\nAM", " F114782a", "-", "b", " from", " BF18", ";", " AM", " F114783", " from", " F19", ",", " Four", "\nMile", " Creek", ";", " and", " AM", " F114784", " from", " BF18", ".", "Derivation", " of", " name", " .", " To", " reflect", " its", " earlier", " occurrence", " than", "\nthe", " most", " similar", " species", ",", " Stelechocladia", " attenuata", " Bou", " (cid:1)", " ek", ",", "\n1957", ".", "Diagnosis", " .", " Robust", " Stelechocladia", " with", " dominant", " main", "\nstipes" ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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[ "checked", " on", " February", " 28", ",", " 2011", "1", ".", " An", " overview", " of", " the", " design", " approaches", " and", " guidelines", " that", " can", " be", " used", " to", "\ndesign", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", ";", " and", "2", ".", " A", " comparison", " of", " the", " use", " and", " usefulness", " of", " these", " design", " approaches", " in", " prac", "-", "\ntice", ".", "As", " can", " be", " noted", ",", " the", " former", " contribution", " is", " of", " a", " conceptual", " nature", ",", " while", " the", "\nlatter", " is", " empirical", ".", "Both", " serve", " the", " purpose", " of", " simplifying", " the", " design", " of", " a", " busi", "-", "\nness", " process", " architecture", " in", " real", "-", "life", " situations", ".", "After", " all", ",", " if", " business", " users", " better", "\nunderstand", " the", " differences", " between", " the", " existing", " approaches", " they", " will", " be", " able", " to", "\nmake", " a", " better", " choice", " of", " what", " approach", " to", " follow", ";", " the", " uptake", " of", " approaches", " in", "\npractice", " may", " be", " further", " used", " to", " support", " such", " a", " decision", ".", "The", " overview", " of", " the", " design", " approaches", " is", " based", " on", " a", " structured", " review", " of", " the", "\nexisting", " literature", ".", "The", " use", " and", " usefulness", " of", " the", " different", " design", " approaches", " in", "\npractice", " has", " been", " investigated", " in", " a", " workshop", " session", " with", " 39", " practitioners", " who", "\nare", " active", " in", " the", " area", " of", " Business", " Process", " Management", ".", "During", " this", " session", " we", "\npresented", " the", " approaches", ",", " conducted", " a", " survey", ",", " and", " asked", " the", " practitioners", " about", "\ntheir", " experiences", " with", " the", " various", " approaches", ".", "The", " remainder", " of", " this", " paper", " is", " structured", " as", " follows", ".", "Section", " 2", " presents", " a", "\nprecise", " description", " of", " what", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", " is", ".", "Section", " 3", " presents", "\nand", " compares", " the", " approaches", " to", " designing", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", ",", " as", "\nidentified", " through", " our", " literature", " study", ".", "Section", " 4", " presents", " the", " evaluation", " of", " the", "\nuse", " and", " usefulness", " of", " the", " approaches", ".", "Finally", ",", " Section", " 5", " presents", " the", " related", " work", "\nand", " Section", " 6", " the", " conclusions", " of", " this", " paper", ".", "2", "\nBusiness", " Process", " Architecture", "We", " define", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", " as", " an", " organized", " overview", " of", " business", "\nprocesses", " with", " their", " relations", " and", " guidelines", " that", " determine", " how", " they", " 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)", " .", "Docking", "\nresearch", " revealed", " that", " the", " displacement", " of", " the", " quinolone", " binding", "\nsites", " in", " a", " mutated", " protein", " complex", " brings", " about", " lower", " binding", "\nenergy", " than", " the", " wild", " one", ".", "The", " reduced", " affinity", " could", " cause", " the", "\nhigh", " resistance", " patterns", " displayed", " in", " this", " study", ".", "The", " comparative", " binding", " energy", " for", " ciprofloxacin", " and", "\nofloxacin", " to", " wild", "-", "type", " gyrase", " and", " mutant", " gyrase", " are", " shown", " in", "\nFigure", " 4", ".", "Figure", " 4", " A", " shows", " the", " binding", " energy", " of", " ciprofloxacin", " and", "\nofloxacin", " for", " the", " wild", "-", "type", " gyrase", " protein", " complex", " and", " double", "-", "\nmutation", " (", "S83L", " and", " D87N", ")", " gyrase", " proteins", " of", " E", ".", " coli", " .", "Figure", "\n4", " B", " shows", " the", " adhesive", " strengths", " of", " ciprofloxacin", " and", " ofloxacin", "\nfor", " both", " single", "-", " (", "S83L", ")", " and", " double", "-", "mutation", " (", "S83L", " and", " D87N", ")", "\ngyrase", " proteins", " K", ".", " pneumoniae", " when", " compared", " with", " that", " wild", "\ntype", ".", "For", " all", " cases", ",", " binding", " affinity", " was", " detected", " lower", " in", " the", " case", "\nof", " mutated", " gyrase", " proteins", ".", "Figure", " 3", ".", " TAnalyses", " of", " mutations", " in", " the", " gyrA", " gene", " within", " the", " QRDRs", ".", "Figure", " 4", ".", " The", " binding", " energy", " of", " quinolones", " as", " ligands", " for", " docking", " into", " gyrase", " protein", " within", " the", " QRDRs", ".", "Haque", " et", " al", ".", " /", " Journal", " of", " Applied", " Pharmaceutical", " Science", " 12", " (", "04", ")", ";", " 2022", ":", " 185", "-", "198", " 192", "DISCUSSION", "This", "\nstudy", "\ninvestigated", "\nphenotypic", "\nquinolone", "/", "\nfluoroquinolone", " susceptibility", " and", " carriage", " of", " three", " PMQR", " genes", ",", "\nnamely", " qnrA", ",", " qnrB", ",", " and", " qnrS", ",", " in", " UTI", " bacteria", " in", " Bangladesh", ".", "Furthermore", ",", " we", " analyzed", " the", " association", " of", " mutations", " in", " the", "\nQRDR", " of", " the", " gyrA", " gene", " with", " the", " acquisition", " of", " quinolone", "\nresistance", " in", " some", " selected", " UTI", " pathogens", ".", "Our", " results", " identified", " UTI", " bacteria", " in", " Bangladesh", "\nexhibiting", " a", " high", " prevalence", " of", " phenotypic", " resistance", " to", " four", "\ncommonly", " used", " quinolone", " antimicrobials", ".", "The", " uropathogens", "\nshowed", " higher", " resistance", " to", " lomefloxacin", " and", " nalidixic", " acid", " than", "\nciprofloxacin", " and", " ofloxacin", ",", " which", " is", " similar", " to", " many", " other", " studies", "\nconducted", " in", " different", " countries", " (", "Cao", " et", " al", " .", ",", " 2011", ";", " Colodner", " et", " al", " .", ",", "\n2008", ";", " Kim", " et", " al", " .", ",", " 2020", ";", " Lee", " et", " al", " .", ",", " 2018", ";", " Santiso", " et", " al", " .", ",", " 2009", ")", ".", "Ciprofloxacin", " was", " found", " to", " be", " the", " drug", " of", " choice", " to", " manage", "\npatients", " with", " UTIs", " among", " the", " four", " quinolones", " tested", ",", " with", " similar", "\nfindings", " reported", " earlier", " in", " India", "," ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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[ "t", " m", "t", " s", " +", " t", " m", "X", " t", " =", " t", " s", " +", "1", "A", " i", " (", " t", " )", "\n(", "In", " our", " simulations", " we", " found", " that", " for", " the", " number", " of", " sites", " and", " t", " m", " used", " here", ",", " that", " the", "\nresults", " obtained", " from", " averaging", " over", " several", " systems", " were", " identical", " to", " those", " obtained", "from", " measurements", " over", " a", " single", " system", ".", "Hence", " the", " results", " are", " in", " the", " thermodynamic", "\nlimit", " and", " the", " dependence", " on", " the", " system", " size", " vanishes", ".", "Consequently", " the", " results", " pre", "-", "\nsented", " here", " are", " from", " an", " average", " over", " a", " single", " system", " of", " size", " 2", " ×", " 10", " 5", " spins", ".", "In", " Fig", ".", "(", "1", ")", ",", "\nwe", " compare", " the", " fluctuation", " of", " the", " energy", " c", " calculated", " using", " Edwards’", " measure", ",", " as", " a", "\nfunction", " of", " E", " ,", " against", " those", " obtained", " from", " the", " simulations", ",", " the", " agreement", " is", " very", " good", ".", "For", " small", " values", " of", " p", " the", " error", " bars", " in", " our", " measurements", " are", " very", " small", " and", " the", " agree", "-", "\nment", " with", " Eq", ".", " (", "10", ")", " is", " excellent", ".", "For", " larger", " values", " of", " p", " the", " error", " bars", " are", " large", " as", " the", "\nstatistical", " fluctuations", " are", " larger", ",", " however", " from", " fig", ".", "(", "1", ")", " we", " see", " that", " the", " value", " given", " by", "\nEq", ".", " (", "10", ")", " is", " within", " the", " error", " bars", ".", "The", " distribution", " P", " (", " r", " )", " of", " domain", " sizes", ",", " is", " shown", " in", "\nfig", ".", "(", "2", ")", " and", " has", " a", " perfect", " exponential", " decay", " for", " r", " ≥", " 2", ".", "This", " guarantees", " that", " the", " result", "\nEq", ".", " (", "21", ")", " is", " in", " perfect", " agreement", " with", " the", " simulations", " (", "as", " the", " energy", " E", " is", " fixed", ")", " as", "\nshown", " in", " Fig", ".", " (", "3", ")", ".", "The", " correlation", " functions", " such", " C", " (", " r", " )", " and", " D", " (", " r", " )", " have", " also", " been", " computed", " numerically", ".", "In", " Fig", ".", "(", "4", ")", " we", " have", " plotted", " the", " results", " in", " comparison", " with", " those", " expected", " from", " Eqs", ".", "\n(", "14", ")", " and", " (", "17", ")", ".", "Here", " again", ",", " the", " comparison", " is", " excellent", " (", "remark", " that", " the", " agreement", "\nis", " better", " for", " low", " energies", ",", " as", " again", " the", " statistical", " fluctuations", " due", " to", " the", " tapping", " are", "\nmuch", " smaller", " for", " low", " p", " than", " for", " high", " p", " )", ".", "Conclusion", "We", " have", " simulated", " numerically", " tapping", " dynamics", " on", " a", " one", " dimensional", " system", " and", "\nmeasured", " fluctuations", " of", " the", " energy", ",", " correlation", " functions", " and", " distributions", " of", " domain", "\nsizes", ".", "The", " values", " of", " these", " quantities", " expected", " from", " a", " thermodynamics", " built", " by", " using", "\na", " flat", " measure", " over", " blocked", " configurations", " agrees", " very", " well", " with", " our", " simulation", " data", ".", "The", " use", " of", " the", " flat", " measure", " therefore", " allows", " one", " to", " accurately", " predict", " the", " two", " point", "\ncorrelation", " function", ",", " a", " particular", " four", " point", " function", " D", " (", " r", " )", " and", " also", " a", " hierarchy", " of", " n", "\npoint", " functions", " (", "see", " Eq", ".", " (", "19", ")", ")", " corresponding", " to", " the", " distribution", " of", " domain", " sizes", " P", " (", " r", " )", ".", "In", " principal", " further", " quantities", " could", " be", " investigated", " but", " the", " numerical", " study", " would", " be", "\nhampered", " by", " statistical", " fluctuations", ".", "The", " important", " point", " here", " is", " that", " the", " principal", "\nquantities", " open", " to", " experimental", " determination" ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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[ "Role", " of", " Ursodeoxycholic", " Acid", " in", " Digestive", " Diseases", "www", ".", "slm", "-", "gastroenterology", ".", "com", "AGH", " 2011", ";", " 2", ":", "(", "1", ")", ".", " March", " 2011", "with", " maternal", " use", " of", " UDCA", ",", " but", " no", " study", " has", " been", " powered", "\nto", " detect", " such", " events", ".", " 51", "Patients", " on", " long", "-", "term", " total", " parenteral", " nutrition", " (", "TPN", ")", " are", " at", "\nrisk", " for", " hepatobiliary", " complications", " including", " cholesta", "-", "\nsis", ".", " 52", ",", "53", "A", " study", " of", " nine", " patients", " with", " cholestasis", " due", " to", "\nTPN", " who", " were", " treated", " with", " UDCA", " at", " 10", ".", "6", " (cid:2)", " 12", " mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "\nshowed", " a", " significant", " reduction", " in", " gamma", "-", "glutamyltransferase", "\n(", "GGT", ")", " and", " ALT", " during", " treatment", " periods", " compared", " to", "\nnontreatment", " periods", ".", "There", " was", " no", " significant", " difference", "\nin", " bilirubin", ",", " AST", ",", " or", " alkaline", " phosphatase", ".", " 54", "Three", " small", "\nretrospective", " studies", " examining", " UDCA", " in", " pediatric", " popula", "-", "\ntions", " receiving", " TPN", " showed", " improvements", " in", " liver", " biochem", "-", "\nistries", " as", " well", ".", " 55", " (cid:2)", " 57", "There", " is", " no", " evidence", " regarding", " the", " use", " of", " UDCA", " in", " the", "\ntreatment", " of", " hepatotoxic", " drug", " reactions", ".", "However", ",", " given", " the", "\nbenefit", " of", " UDCA", " in", " other", " cholestatic", " diseases", ",", " it", " is", " a", "\nreasonable", " assumption", " that", " UDCA", " may", " be", " of", " benefit", " in", "\ncholestatic", " drug", " hepatotoxicity", " with", " minimal", " risk", " to", " the", "\npatient", ".", "A", " dose", " of", " 13", " (cid:2)", " 15", " mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", " has", " been", " suggested", ".", " 58", "BONE", " MARROW", " TRANSPLANTATION", "Various", " hepatic", " complications", " are", " associated", " with", " hemato", "-", "\npoietic", " cell", " transplantation", " including", " veno", "-", "occlusive", " disease", ",", "\nhepatic", "\ngraft", "-", "versus", "-", "host", "\ndisease", "\n(", "GVHD", ")", ",", "\nand", "\nliver", "\nfailure", ".", " 59", ",", "60", "A", " prospective", " randomized", " trial", " examining", " pre", "-", "\nvention", " of", " hepatic", " complications", " after", " allogeneic", " stem", " cell", "\ntransplantation", " suggests", " a", " role", " for", " UDCA", ".", "Patients", " received", "\neither", " UDCA", " or", " placebo", " from", " the", " day", " preceding", " conditioning", "\nuntil", " day", " 90", " after", " transplantation", ".", "The", " UDCA", " group", " had", "\nsignificantly", " lower", " serum", " bilirubin", " and", " ALT", " levels", ",", " a", " sig", "-", "\nnificantly", " lower", " incidence", " of", " grade", " III", " or", " IV", " acute", " GVHD", ",", " and", "\nimproved", " overall", " survival", " at", " 1", " year", " (", "71", " vs", " 55", "%", ")", ".", "There", " was", " no", "\ndifference", " in", " the", " incidence", " of", " veno", "-", "occlusive", " disease", ".", " 61", "A", " small", " study", " examined", " the", " use", " of", " UDCA", " for", " the", " treatment", "\nof", " hepatic", " GVHD", ".", "Twelve", " allogeneic", " bone", " marrow", " transplant", "\npatients", " received", " 6", " to", " 12", " weeks", " of", " UDCA", " for", " treatment", " of", "\nrefractory", " GVHD", ".", "Results", " showed", " improvement", " in", " AST", ",", "\nbilirubin", ",", " and", " alkaline", " phosphatase", " with", " approximately", " a", "\none", "-", "third", " decline", " in", " each", ".", "However", ",", " there", " is", " no", " evidence", " for", "\nlong", "-", "term", " use", ".", " 62", "VIRAL", " HEPATITIS", 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balance", " of", " bargaining", " power", ",", "\ngenerating", " a", " degree", " of", " contractual", " ‘lock", "-", "in’", ".", "As", " a", " contract", " manager", " at", " Airport", " B", " acknowledged", ",", "\nthis", " potentially", " provided", " leverage", " for", " the", " cleaning", " firm", " to", " win", " contract", " renewal", " and", " provide", "\nemployment", " stability", " for", " cleaning", " staff", ".", "Fourthly", ",", " clients", " specified", " performance", " standards", " by", " either", " inputs", " (", "hours", " and", " tasks", ")", " or", "\noutputs", " (", "cleaning", " standards", ")", ".", "At", " University1", ",", " the", " contract", " manager", " widened", " the", " input", " list", " to", "\ninclude", " a", " living", " wage", ",", " full", "-", "time", " jobs", " where", " possible", " and", " British", " Institute", " of", " Cleaning", " Science", "\n(", "BICS", ")", " qualifications", " for", " all", " site", " managers", " and", " 10", " 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" plan", " to", " develop", " SFQ", "\nFPUs", " with", " 4", "-", "GFLOPs", " performance", ",", " by", " which", " 16", ".", "4", "-", "TFLOPs", "\nperformance", " can", " be", " achieved", " in", " the", " whole", " system", " [", "6", "]", ".", "Though", "\n1051", "-", "8223", " ©", " 2014", " IEEE", ".", "Personal", " use", " is", " permitted", ",", " but", " republication", "/", "redistribution", " requires", " IEEE", " permission", ".", "See", " http", ":", "/", "/", "www", ".", "ieee", ".", "org", "/", "publications", "_", "standards", "/", "publications", "/", "rights", "/", "index", ".", "html", " for", " more", " information", ".", "1301106", "\nIEEE", " TRANSACTIONS", " ON", " APPLIED", " SUPERCONDUCTIVITY", ",", " VOL", ".", " 25", ",", " NO", ".", " 3", ",", " JUNE", " 2015", "TABLE", " I", " B", " IT", " L", " ENGTHS", " OF", " S", " EVERAL", " F", " LOATING", " -", "P", " OINT", " -", "N", " UMBER", " F", " ORMATS", " IN", " THE", " IEEE", " 754", " S", " TANDARD", "advanced", " CMOS", " process", " could", " accomplish", " this", " performance", " as", "\nwell", ",", " densely", " integrated", " processors", " with", " high", " switching", " activity", "\ngenerate", " an", " extremely", " large", " amount", " of", " heat", ",", " which", " makes", " it", "\ndifficult", " to", " integrate", " the", " system", ".", "Low", " power", " dissipation", " of", " the", "\nSFQ", " circuits", " is", " a", " significant", " advantage", " for", " realizing", " the", " LSRDP", "\nsystem", ".", "In", "this", " paper", ",", " we", " will", " show", " the", " design", " of", " the", " SFQ", " FPUs", " in", "\nSection", " II", ",", " the", " implementation", " and", " high", "-", "speed", " test", " results", " in", "\nSections", " III", " and", " IV", ",", " and", " the", " performance", " assessment", " of", " the", "\nFPUs", " in", " Section", " V", ".", "High", "-", "speed", " operations", " of", " single", "-", "precision", "\nfloating", "-", "point", " adders", " (", "FPAs", ")", " and", " floating", "-", "point", " multipliers", "\n(", "FPMs", ")", " will", " be", " demonstrated", " by", " on", "-", "chip", " high", "-", "speed", " tests", ".", "Based", " on", " these", " results", ",", " perspectives", " toward", " very", " large", "-", "scale", "\nSFQ", " circuits", " will", " be", " discussed", ".", "II", ".", " D", " ESIGN", " OF", " FPUs", "In", " this", " section", " we", " will", " show", " the", " design", " of", " our", " SFQ", " FPUs", "\nincluding", " the", " general", " algorithm", " and", " architecture", " to", " calculate", "\nfloating", "-", "point", " numbers", ".", "A", ".", " Floating", " Point", " Computing", "Floating", "-", "point", " numbers", " are", " represented", " by", " the", " following", "\nform", " in", " computing", " systems", "\n(", " −", " 1", ")", " S", " ×", " F", " ×", " 2", " E", "\n(", "1", ")", "\nwhere", " S", " stands", " for", " a", " sign", ",", " F", " is", " a", " significand", " (", "fraction", ")", ",", " and", " E", "\nis", " an", " exponent", ".", "Table", " I", " lists", " the", " bit", " lengths", " of", " several", " floating", "-", "\npoint", " number", " formants", ",", " which", " are", " defined", " by", " the", " IEEE", " 754", "\nstandard", ".", "It", " should", " be", " noted", " that", " the", " exponent", " is", " represented", " as", "\nan", " unsigned", " number", " by", " adding", " a", " fixed", " bias", " with", " the", " value", " of", "\n2", " (" ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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[ "with", " l", " ≥", " 2", " k", " −", " 1", " .", "Then", "\nthere", " is", " a", " ρ", " -", "class", " w", " in", " Γ", " 2", " k", " −", " 1", " (", " α", " )", " and", " a", " ρ", " -", "isomorphism", " from", " T", " (", " w", " )", " to", "\nT", " (", " v", " )", " .", "Proof", ".", " Let", " v", " ∈", " v", " and", " let", " β", " ∈", " Γ", " ℓ", " −", " 2", " k", " +", "1", " (", " α", " )", " be", " an", " ancestor", " of", " v", " .", "So", "\nv", " ∈", " Γ", " 2", " k", " −", " 1", " (", " β", " )", " and", " by", " Lemma", " 2", ".", "11", " it", " follows", " that", " v", " ⊆", " Γ", "(", " β", " )", ".", "So", " T", " (", " v", " )", " ⊆", "\nΓ", "(", " β", " )", " and", " the", " ρ", " -", "structure", " on", " T", " (", " v", " )", " is", " the", " same", " whether", " it", " is", " computed", "\nin", " Γ", "(", " α", " )", " or", " Γ", "(", " β", " )", ".", "By", " G1", " there", " is", " a", " digraph", " isomorphism", " from", " Γ", "(", " α", " )", " to", "\nΓ", "(", " β", " )", ",", " and", " this", " induces", " a", " ρ", " -", "isomorphism", " between", " T", " (", " w", " )", ",", " for", " some", " ρ", " -", "class", "\nw", " ⊆", " Γ", " 2", " k", " −", " 1", " (", " α", " )", ",", " and", " T", " (", " v", " )", " ⊆", " Γ", " 2", " k", " −", " 1", " (", " β", " )", ",", " as", " required", ".", "(cid:3)", "\nThus", " to", " any", " digraph", " Γ", " satisfying", " G0", ",", " G1", ",", " G3", ",", " there", " are", " associated", "\na", " finite", " number", " of", " ρ", " -", "isomorphism", " types", " of", " T", " (", " v", " )", ".", "In", " particular", ",", " we", " can", "\nrefine", " Corollary", " 2", ".", "10", " to", ":", "8", "\nDANIELA", " AMATO", " AND", " DAVID", " M", ".", " EVANS", "Corollary", " 2", ".", "13", ".", " Suppose", " ℓ", " ≥", " 2", " k", " −", " 1", " and", " v", " ⊆", " Γ", " ℓ", " (", " α", " )", " is", " a", " ρ", " -", "class", ".", "Then", " the", " quotient", " digraph", " T", " (", " v", " )", " /", "ρ", " is", " a", " rooted", " directed", " tree", " with", " a", " finite", "\nnumber", " of", " out", "-", "valencies", ".", "\n✷", "2", ".", "3", ".", " Counting", " isomorphism", " types", ".", "We", " let", " T", " be", " the", " class", " of", " struc", "-", "\ntures", " T", " with", " the", " following", " properties", "\n•", "T", " is", " a", " digraph", " of", " finite", " out", "-", "valency", " and", " T", " =", " T", " (", " u", " )", " for", " some", "\nfinite", " set", " u", " ⊆", " T", " .", "\n•", "T", " s", " (", " u", " )", " ∩", " T", " t", " (", " u", " )", " =", " ∅", " whenever", " s", " 6", " =", " t", " .", "\n•", "There", " is", " an", " equivalence", " relation", " ρ", " on", " T", " such", " that", " each", " ρ", " -", "class", "\nis", " contained", " in", " a", " layer", " T", " s", " (", " u", " )", ".", "\n•", "The", " quotient", " digraph", " T", "/", "ρ", " is", " a", " directed", " forest", ".", "\n•", "For", " every", " ρ", " -", "class", " w", " there", " is", " a", " ρ", " -", "class", " v", " ⊆", " u", " and", " a", " ρ", " -", "isomorphism", "\nbetween", " T", " (", " v", " )", " and", " T", " (", " w", " )", ".", "We", " show", ":", "Theorem", " 2", ".", "14", ".", " There", " are", " only", " countably", " many", " ρ", " -", "isomorphism", " types", "\nof", " structures", " in", " T", " .", "Corollary", " 2", ".", "15", ".", " There", " are", " only", " countably", " many", " isomorphism", " types", " of", "\ndigraph", " Γ", " which", " have", " properties", " G0", ",", " G1", " and", " G3", ".", "Proof", " of", " Corollary", ".", "Fix", " such", " a", " Γ", ".", "Let", " T", " be", " the", " disjoint", " union", " of", "\ndigraphs", " T" ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", 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[ "feature", " selection", ",", " named", " AMN", ",", "\nwas", " introduced", " and", " evaluated", " in", " this", " paper", ".", "It", " has", " two", " main", " innovations", ":", " Attention", "-", "based", " Feature", "\nSelection", " (", "AFS", ")", " and", " Attention", "-", "based", " Node", " Bootstrapping", " (", "ANB", ")", ".", "In", " AFS", ",", " Multi", "-", "head", " Attention", " is", "\nmodified", " to", " select", " the", " most", " relevant", " features", " from", " the", " original", " input", ".", "ANB", " acts", " as", " a", " bridge", " between", "\nAFS", " and", " each", " module", " of", " the", " interpretable", " Modular", " Networks", " by", " weighing", " each", " selected", " feature", " with", "\nits", " corresponding", " attention", " weights", ".", "The", " goal", " of", " AMN", " was", " to", " improve", " the", " model’s", " predictive", " performance", " compared", " to", " NAM", " and", "\nyet", " retain", " interpretability", ".", "Experiments", " have", " shown", " that", " AMN", " not", " only", " outperforms", " NAM", " on", " all", "\nmetrics", " (", "and", " its", " variation", " SPAM", ")", ",", " but", " it", " can", " match", " the", " predictive", " performance", " of", " state", "-", "of", "-", "the", "-", "art", "\nnon", "-", "interpretable", " models", " LSTM", " and", " XGBoost", ",", " outperforming", " the", " state", "-", "of", "-", "the", "-", "art", " in", " some", " cases", ".", "AFS", ",", " MFS", ",", " and", " TabNet", " share", " some", " similarities", " with", " our", " proposed", " AMN", ";", " however", ",", " AMN", " is", " distinct", "\nfrom", " them", " because", " attention", " weights", " are", " learned", " from", " a", " recurrent", "-", "based", " network", " in", " AMN", " so", " as", " to", "\nobtain", " a", " prior", " temporal", " knowledge", " and", " used", " for", " feature", " selection", ",", " and", " AMN", " offers", " a", " flexibility", " in", "\nusing", " different", " variants", " of", " recurrent", "-", "based", " networks", ".", "Lastly", ",", " we", " consider", " AMN", " to", " be", " more", " closely", "\nrelated", " to", " architectures", " with", " modularity", ",", " such", " as", " additive", " models", ".", "A", " common", " assumption", " of", " such", "\nmodules", " such", " as", " GAM", " and", " NAM", " is", " feature", " independence", ".", "This", " has", " been", " proved", " to", " be", " too", " strong", "\nan", " assumption", " in", " certain", " areas", " of", " application", " such", " as", " time", " series", ",", " as", " indicated", " by", " the", " poor", " predictive", "\nperformance", " of", " such", " models", " in", " the", " experiments", " reported", " in", " this", " paper", ".", "AMN", " tackles", " this", " problem", " by", "\nusing", " AFS", " for", " feature", " selection", " during", " training", ".", "Variations", " of", " NAM", " on", " the", " other", " hand", ",", " such", " as", " SPAM", ",", "\nseek", " to", " tackle", " the", " same", " problem", " by", " allowing", " interaction", " terms", ".", "This", ",", " however", ",", " may", " increase", " the", "\ncomplexity", " of", " the", " explanations", " provided", " for", " these", " models", ".", "As", " future", " work", ",", " we", " shall", " evaluate", " this", " and", "\nother", " trade", "-", "offs", ",", " such", " as", " the", " number", " of", " modules", " to", " use", ",", " in", " practice", ",", " since", " it", " is", " likely", " that", " the", " answers", "\nwill", " depend", " on", " the", " characteristics", " of", " the", " specific", " application", " domain", " and", " associated", " expert", " evaluation", ".", "Limitations", " of", " the", " results", " reported", " in", " this", " paper", " include", " the", " lack", " of", " experiments", " using", " multi", "-", "class", "\ntime", " series", " classification", ".", "In", " comparison", " with", " SPAM", ",", " a", " given", " application", " may", " require", " the", " use", " of", "\nhigher", "-", "order", " feature", " interaction", ",", " not", " available", " in", " AMN", ".", "We", " shall", " investigate", " the", " possibility", " of", " an", "\nattention", " mechanism", " creating", " such", " features", " for", " implementation", " into", " a", " single", " network", " module", ".", "Finally", ",", "\nwe", " shall", " continue", " to", " investigate", " the", " practical", " value", " of", " the", " explanations", " provided", ",", " how", " they", " may", "\ninform", " model", " intervention", ",", " and", " the", " interactions", " that", " may", " exist", " between", " attention", "-", "based", " explanations", "\nof", " recurrent", " networks", " and", " interpretable", " modular", " networks", "." ]	[ "B-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "I-SENTENCE", "B-SENTENCE", 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[ "Regeneration", " could", " be", " by", " optical", ",", " electrical", ",", " pressure", "/", "acoustic", ",", " thermal", " or", "\nother", " means", ".", "b", ")", " Liquid", " crystal", " X", "-", "ray", " light", " valves", "In", " conjunction", " with", " optical", " polarisers", ",", " and", " for", " medical", " X", "-", "ray", " imaging", ",", " these", " devices", " have", " been", "\nunder", " development", " for", " several", " years", " [", "58", "]", ".", "To", " our", " knowledge", ",", " they", " have", " not", " been", " developed", " for", "\nIICV", " purposes", ",", " though", " the", " technology", " appears", " suitable", ".", "Charges", " induced", " by", " ionizing", " radiation", " in", " a", "\nsemiconductor", " cause", " local", " alterations", " of", " birefringence", " in", " an", " adjacent", " thin", " film", " of", " liquid", " crystal", ",", "\nleading", " to", " modulations", " of", " optical", " phase", " in", " a", " probing", " light", " field", ".", "Foreseeable", " complications", " are", " that", "\nthe", " dynamic", " range", " for", " the", " optical", " phase", " modulation", " is", " limited", " by", " the", " possible", " extent", " of", " molecular", "\nconfiguration", " change", " in", " the", " liquid", " crystal", ".", "In", " addition", " the", " kinetic", " rates", " of", " the", " molecular", "\nreorientation", " processes", " are", " slow", " (", "typically", " 0", ".", "01", " -", " 0", ".", "1", " s", ")", " when", " compared", " to", " repetition", " rates", " in", " many", "\npump", "-", "probe", " experiments", " (", "e", ".", "g", ".", " kilohertz", ")", ".", "c", ")", " Ferroelectrics", "In", " ferroelectrics", " optical", " birefringence", " is", " modulated", " by", " local", " electrical", " fields", ",", " including", " free", "\ncharges", " generated", " by", " radiation", "-", "induced", " ionization", " in", " the", " bulk", " of", " the", " material", ".", "The", " effect", " on", " a", "\nspatially", " coherent", " light", " field", " is", " similar", " to", " the", " liquid", " crystal", " devices", ",", " though", " here", " unconstrained", " by", "\nmacromolecular", " reorientation", ".", "Thus", ",", " through", " the", " depth", " of", " a", " ferroelectric", " crystal", ",", " local", " optical", " phase", "\nshifts", " can", " occur", " to", " the", " extent", " that", " phase", " wrapping", " occurs", ".", "The", " kinetics", " of", " the", " atomic", " repositioning", "\nassociated", " with", " birefringence", " are", " also", " very", " different", ",", " being", " dependent", " on", " the", " proximity", " to", " the", " Curie", "\ntemperature", " [", "50", "]", " and", " ultrafast", " material", " chemical", " dynamics", " [", "59", "-", "61", "]", ".", "An", " important", " work", " in", " the", "\npresent", " IICV", " context", " is", " [", "62", "]", ";", " we", " also", " draw", " attention", " to", " references", " [", "63", "-", "65", "]", ".", "Acoustic", " translation", " and", "\nspatiotemporal", " manipulation", " of", " excitonic", " states", " in", " related", " devices", " [", "66", "]", " raises", " the", " possibility", " of", " a", "\nlevel", " of", " control", " comparable", " to", " that", " employed", " in", " the", " readout", " mechanism", " of", " conventional", " charge", "\ncoupled", " devices", " (", "CCDs", ")", ".", "d", ")", " Cloud", " and", " bubble", " chambers", "Here", ",", " optical", " detectability", " of", " single", " events", " is", " associated", " with", " gain", " in", " a", " supersaturated", " vapor", " or", "\nsupercritical", " liquid", ",", " with", " nucleation", " points", " caused", " by", " ionizing", " radiation", ".", "Liquid", "-", "gas", " phase", "\nboundaries", " scatter", " light", " in", " both", " cases", ".", "Many", " theoretical", " and", " experimental", " examinations", " of", " the", " rate", "\nand", " growth", " mechanisms", " of", " the", " droplets", "/", "bubbles", " have", " been", " made", " [", "67", "-", "69", "]", ",", " including", " in", " devices", "\ndriven", " by", " pressure", " waves", " and", " ultrasound", " [", "70", "]", ".", "The", " latter", " devices", " could", " be", " temporally", " phase", " locked", "\nto", " pulsed", " ionizing", " radiation", " sources", " (", "e", ".", "g", ".", " FELs", ")", " and", " pulsed", " interrogation", " lasers", " [", "71", "-", "73", "]", " to", " permit", "\ncontrol", " of", " the", " optical", " scatter", " of", " growing", " droplets", "/", "bubbles", " by", " modulating", " the", " amplitude", " and", " temporal", "\nphase", " of", " the", " acoustic", " field", ".", "Bubble", " chambers", " offer", " short", " stopping", " lengths", " for", " ionizing", " radiations", ",", " as", "\nmotivated" ]

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[ "Ayush", " Jain", ",", " Gabriel", " Sarch", ",", " Adam", " W", " Harley", ",", " and", " Katerina", " Fragkiadaki", ".", " Move", " to", " see", " better", ":", " Towards", " self", "-", "supervised", " amodal", " object", " detection", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "2012", ".", "00057", " ,", " 2020", ".", " 3", "\n[", "15", "]", " Jorge", " Fuentes", "-", "Pacheco", ",", " José", " Ruiz", "-", "Ascencio", ",", " and", " Juan", " Manuel", " Rendón", "-", "Mancha", ".", " Visual", " simultaneous", " localization", " and", " mapping", ":", " a", " survey", ".", " Artificial", " intelligence", " review", " ,", " 43", "(", "1", ")", ":", "55", "–", "81", ",", " 2015", ".", " 3", "\n[", "16", "]", " Yarin", " Gal", ",", " Riashat", " Islam", ",", " and", " Zoubin", " Ghahramani", ".", " Deep", " bayesian", " active", " learning", " with", " image", " data", ".", " In", " Proceedings", " of", " the", " 34th", " International", " Conference", " on", " Machine", " Learning", "-", "Volume", " 70", " ,", " pages", " 1183", "–", "1192", ".", "JMLR", ".", " org", ",", " 2017", ".", " 3", "\n[", "17", "]", " Dhiraj", " Gandhi", ",", " Lerrel", " Pinto", ",", " and", " Abhinav", " Gupta", ".", " Learning", " to", " fly", " by", " crashing", ".", " In", " 2017", " IEEE", "/", "RSJ", " International", " Conference", " on", " Intelligent", " Robots", " and", " Systems", " (", "IROS", ")", " ,", " pages", " 3948", "–", "3955", ".", " IEEE", ",", " 2017", ".", " 1", "\n[", "18", "]", " Kaiming", " He", ",", " Xiangyu", " Zhang", ",", " Shaoqing", " Ren", ",", " and", " Jian", " Sun", ".", " Deep", " residual", " learning", " for", " image", " recognition", ",", " 2015", ".", " 6", "\n[", "19", "]", " Kaiming", " He", ",", " Georgia", " Gkioxari", ",", " Piotr", " Dollár", ",", " and", " Ross", " Girshick", ".", " Mask", " R", "-", "CNN", ".", " In", " ICCV", " ,", " pages", " 2961", "–", "2969", ",", " 2017", ".", " 1", ",", " 2", ",", " 3", ",", " 4", ",", " 6", "\n[", "20", "]", " Judy", " Hoffman", ",", " Eric", " Tzeng", ",", " Taesung", " Park", ",", " Jun", "-", "Yan", " Zhu", ",", " Phillip", " Isola", ",", " Kate", " Saenko", ",", " Alexei", " Efros", ",", " and", " Trevor", " Darrell", ".", " Cycada", ":", " Cycle", "-", "consistent", " adversarial", " domain", " adaptation", ".", " In", " International", " conference", " on", "\nmachine", " learning", " ,", " pages", " 1989", "–", "1998", ".", " PMLR", ",", " 2018", ".", " 3", "\n[", "21", "]", " Berthold", " Horn", ".", " Robot", " vision", " .", " MIT", " press", ",", " 1986", ".", " 1", "\n[", "22", "]", " Berthold", " KP", " Horn", " and", " Brian", " G", " Schunck", ".", " Determining", " optical", " flow", ".", " Artificial", " intelligence", " ,", " 17", "(", "1", "-", "3", ")", ":", "185", "–", "203", ",", " 1981", ".", " 7", ",", " 9", "\n[", "23", "]", " Eric", " Jang", ",", " Coline", " Devin", ",", " Vincent", " Vanhoucke", ",", " and", " Sergey", " Levine", ".", " Grasp2vec", ":", " Learning", " object", " representa", "-", " tions", " from", " self", "-", "supervised", " grasping", ".", " arXiv", " preprint", " arXiv", ":", "1811", ".", "06964", " ,", " 2018", ".", " 3", "\n[", "24", "]", " Dinesh", " Jayaraman", " and", " Kristen", " Grauman", ".", " Learning", " image", " representations", " tied", " to", " ego", "-", "motion", ".", " In", " Proceed", "-", " ings", " of", " the", " IEEE", " International", " Conference", " on", " Computer", " Vision", " ,", " pages", " 1413", "–", "1421", ",", " 2015", ".", " 2", "\n[", "25", "]", " Dinesh", " Jayaraman", " and", " Kristen", " Grauman", ".", " Look", "-", "ahead", " before", " you", " leap", ":", " end", "-", "to", "-", "end", " active", " recognition", " by", " forecasting", " the", " effect", " of", " motion", ".", " In", " European", " Conference", " on", " Computer", " Vision", " ,", " pages", " 489", "–", "505", ".", " Springer", ",", "\n2016", ".", " 3", "26", "]", " Dinesh", " Jayaraman", " and", " Kristen", " Grauman", ".", " Learning", " to", " look", " around", ":", " Intelligently", " exploring", " unseen", " environments", " for", " unknown", " tasks", ".", " In", " Proceedings", " of", " the", " IEEE" ]

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[ "checked", " on", " February", " 28", ",", " 2011", "1", ".", " An", " overview", " of", " the", " design", " approaches", " and", " guidelines", " that", " can", " be", " used", " to", "\ndesign", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", ";", " and", "2", ".", " A", " comparison", " of", " the", " use", " and", " usefulness", " of", " these", " design", " approaches", " in", " prac", "-", "\ntice", ".", "As", " can", " be", " noted", ",", " the", " former", " contribution", " is", " of", " a", " conceptual", " nature", ",", " while", " the", "\nlatter", " is", " empirical", ".", "Both", " serve", " the", " purpose", " of", " simplifying", " the", " design", " of", " a", " busi", "-", "\nness", " process", " architecture", " in", " real", "-", "life", " situations", ".", "After", " all", ",", " if", " business", " users", " better", "\nunderstand", " the", " differences", " between", " the", " existing", " approaches", " they", " will", " be", " able", " to", "\nmake", " a", " better", " choice", " of", " what", " approach", " to", " follow", ";", " the", " uptake", " of", " approaches", " in", "\npractice", " may", " be", " further", " used", " to", " support", " such", " a", " decision", ".", "The", " overview", " of", " the", " design", " approaches", " is", " based", " on", " a", " structured", " review", " of", " the", "\nexisting", " literature", ".", "The", " use", " and", " usefulness", " of", " the", " different", " design", " approaches", " in", "\npractice", " has", " been", " investigated", " in", " a", " workshop", " session", " with", " 39", " practitioners", " who", "\nare", " active", " in", " the", " area", " of", " Business", " Process", " Management", ".", "During", " this", " session", " we", "\npresented", " the", " approaches", ",", " conducted", " a", " survey", ",", " and", " asked", " the", " practitioners", " about", "\ntheir", " experiences", " with", " the", " various", " approaches", ".", "The", " remainder", " of", " this", " paper", " is", " structured", " as", " follows", ".", "Section", " 2", " presents", " a", "\nprecise", " description", " of", " what", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", " is", ".", "Section", " 3", " presents", "\nand", " compares", " the", " approaches", " to", " designing", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", ",", " as", "\nidentified", " through", " our", " literature", " study", ".", "Section", " 4", " presents", " the", " evaluation", " of", " the", "\nuse", " and", " usefulness", " of", " the", " approaches", ".", "Finally", ",", " Section", " 5", " presents", " the", " related", " work", "\nand", " Section", " 6", " the", " conclusions", " of", " this", " paper", ".", "2", "\nBusiness", " Process", " Architecture", "We", " define", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", " as", " an", " organized", " overview", " of", " business", "\nprocesses", " with", " their", " relations", " and", " guidelines", " that", " determine", " how", " they", " must", " be", "\norganized", ".", "Having", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", " in", " place", ",", " the", " business", " processes", "\nthemselves", " can", " then", " be", " modeled", " in", " a", " different", " stage", " of", " the", " Business", " Process", "\nManagement", " life", " cycle", ".", "Figure", " 1", " shows", " an", " example", " of", " a", " business", " process", " architecture", " in", " the", " Archi", "-", "\nMate", " notation", " [", "6", "]", ".", "The", " figure", " shows", " a", " collection", " of", " business", " processes", ",", " represented", "\nby", " the", " rounded", " rectangles", " with", " the", " arrow", " icon", ",", " as", " well", " as", " different", " relations", " that", "\ncan", " exist", " between", " these", " business", " processes", ".", "There", " is", " no", " consensus", " about", " all", " the", " possible", " relations", " that", " can", " exist", " between", "\nbusiness", " processes", ".", "However", ",", " the", " following", " types", " of", " relations", " are", " frequently", " used", "\nthroughout", " the", " literature", ".", "The", " decomposition", " relation", " expresses", " that", " a", " process", " is", "\ndecomposed", " into", " multiple", " subprocesses", ".", "In", " Figure", " 1", " this", " relation", " is", " represented", "\nby", " the", " graphical", " containment", " of", " subprocesses", " within", " the", " parent", " process", ".", "The", " spe", "-", "\ncialization", " relation", " expresses", " that", " one", " process", " is", " a", " specialized", " version", " of", " another", ".", "In", " Figure", " 1", ",", " this", " relation", " is", " represented", " by", " an", " arrow", " with", " an", " open", " arrowhead", ".", "The", " trigger", " relation", " expresses", " that", " the", " execution", " of", " one", " process", " can", " trigger", " the", "\nexecution", " of", " another" ]

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[ "t", " m", "t", " s", " +", " t", " m", "X", " t", " =", " t", " s", " +", "1", "A", " i", " (", " t", " )", "\n(", "In", " our", " simulations", " we", " found", " that", " for", " the", " number", " of", " sites", " and", " t", " m", " used", " here", ",", " that", " the", "\nresults", " obtained", " from", " averaging", " over", " several", " systems", " were", " identical", " to", " those", " obtained", "from", " measurements", " over", " a", " single", " system", ".", "Hence", " the", " results", " are", " in", " the", " thermodynamic", "\nlimit", " and", " the", " dependence", " on", " the", " system", " size", " vanishes", ".", "Consequently", " the", " results", " pre", "-", "\nsented", " here", " are", " from", " an", " average", " over", " a", " single", " system", " of", " size", " 2", " ×", " 10", " 5", " spins", ".", "In", " Fig", ".", "(", "1", ")", ",", "\nwe", " compare", " the", " fluctuation", " of", " the", " energy", " c", " calculated", " using", " Edwards’", " measure", ",", " as", " a", "\nfunction", " of", " E", " ,", " against", " those", " obtained", " from", " the", " simulations", ",", " the", " agreement", " is", " very", " good", ".", "For", " small", " values", " of", " p", " the", " error", " bars", " in", " our", " measurements", " are", " very", " small", " and", " the", " agree", "-", "\nment", " with", " Eq", ".", " (", "10", ")", " is", " excellent", ".", "For", " larger", " values", " of", " p", " the", " error", " bars", " are", " large", " as", " the", "\nstatistical", " fluctuations", " are", " larger", ",", " however", " from", " fig", ".", "(", "1", ")", " we", " see", " that", " the", " value", " given", " by", "\nEq", ".", " (", "10", ")", " is", " within", " the", " error", " bars", ".", "The", " distribution", " P", " (", " r", " )", " of", " domain", " sizes", ",", " is", " shown", " in", "\nfig", ".", "(", "2", ")", " and", " has", " a", " perfect", " exponential", " decay", " for", " r", " ≥", " 2", ".", "This", " guarantees", " that", " the", " result", "\nEq", ".", " (", "21", ")", " is", " in", " perfect", " agreement", " with", " the", " simulations", " (", "as", " the", " energy", " E", " is", " fixed", ")", " as", "\nshown", " in", " Fig", ".", " (", "3", ")", ".", "The", " correlation", " functions", " such", " C", " (", " r", " )", " and", " D", " (", " r", " )", " have", " also", " been", " computed", " numerically", ".", "In", " Fig", ".", "(", "4", ")", " we", " have", " plotted", " the", " results", " in", " comparison", " with", " those", " expected", " from", " Eqs", ".", "\n(", "14", ")", " and", " (", "17", ")", ".", "Here", " again", ",", " the", " comparison", " is", " excellent", " (", "remark", " that", " the", " agreement", "\nis", " better", " for", " low", " energies", ",", " as", " again", " the", " statistical", " fluctuations", " due", " to", " the", " tapping", " are", "\nmuch", " smaller", " for", " low", " p", " than", " for", " high", " p", " )", ".", "Conclusion", "We", " have", " simulated", " numerically", " tapping", " dynamics", " on", " a", " one", " dimensional", " system", " and", "\nmeasured", " fluctuations", " of", " the", " energy", ",", " correlation", " functions", " and", " distributions", " of", " domain", "\nsizes", ".", "The", " values", " of", " these", " quantities", " expected", " from", " a", " thermodynamics", " built", " by", " using", "\na", " flat", " measure", " over", " blocked", " configurations", " agrees", " very", " well", " with", " our", " simulation", " data", ".", "The", " use", " of", " the", " flat", " measure", " therefore", " allows", " one", " to", " accurately", " predict", " the", " two", " point", "\ncorrelation", " function", ",", " a", " particular", " four", " point", " function", " D", " (", " r", " )", " and", " also", " a", " hierarchy", " of", " n", "\npoint", " functions", " (", "see", " Eq", ".", " (", "19", ")", ")", " corresponding", " to", " the", " distribution", " of", " domain", " sizes", " P", " (", " r", " )", ".", "In", " principal", " further", " quantities", " could", " be", " investigated", " but", " the", " numerical", " study", " would", " be", "\nhampered", " by", " statistical", " fluctuations", ".", "The", " important", " point", " here", " is", " that", " the", " principal", "\nquantities", " open", " to", " experimental", " determination" ]

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[ "Role", " of", " Ursodeoxycholic", " Acid", " in", " Digestive", " Diseases", "www", ".", "slm", "-", "gastroenterology", ".", "com", "AGH", " 2011", ";", " 2", ":", "(", "1", ")", ".", " March", " 2011", "with", " maternal", " use", " of", " UDCA", ",", " but", " no", " study", " has", " been", " powered", "\nto", " detect", " such", " events", ".", " 51", "Patients", " on", " long", "-", "term", " total", " parenteral", " nutrition", " (", "TPN", ")", " are", " at", "\nrisk", " for", " hepatobiliary", " complications", " including", " cholesta", "-", "\nsis", ".", " 52", ",", "53", "A", " study", " of", " nine", " patients", " with", " cholestasis", " due", " to", "\nTPN", " who", " were", " treated", " with", " UDCA", " at", " 10", ".", "6", " (cid:2)", " 12", " mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "\nshowed", " a", " significant", " reduction", " in", " gamma", "-", "glutamyltransferase", "\n(", "GGT", ")", " and", " ALT", " during", " treatment", " periods", " compared", " to", "\nnontreatment", " periods", ".", "There", " was", " no", " significant", " difference", "\nin", " bilirubin", ",", " AST", ",", " or", " alkaline", " phosphatase", ".", " 54", "Three", " small", "\nretrospective", " studies", " examining", " UDCA", " in", " pediatric", " popula", "-", "\ntions", " receiving", " TPN", " showed", " improvements", " in", " liver", " biochem", "-", "\nistries", " as", " well", ".", " 55", " (cid:2)", " 57", "There", " is", " no", " evidence", " regarding", " the", " use", " of", " UDCA", " in", " the", "\ntreatment", " of", " hepatotoxic", " drug", " reactions", ".", "However", ",", " given", " the", "\nbenefit", " of", " UDCA", " in", " other", " cholestatic", " diseases", ",", " it", " is", " a", "\nreasonable", " assumption", " that", " UDCA", " may", " be", " of", " benefit", " in", "\ncholestatic", " drug", " hepatotoxicity", " with", " minimal", " risk", " to", " the", "\npatient", ".", "A", " dose", " of", " 13", " (cid:2)", " 15", " mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", " has", " been", " suggested", ".", " 58", "BONE", " MARROW", " TRANSPLANTATION", "Various", " hepatic", " complications", " are", " associated", " with", " hemato", "-", "\npoietic", " cell", " transplantation", " including", " veno", "-", "occlusive", " disease", ",", "\nhepatic", "\ngraft", "-", "versus", "-", "host", "\ndisease", "\n(", "GVHD", ")", ",", "\nand", "\nliver", "\nfailure", ".", " 59", ",", "60", "A", " prospective", " randomized", " trial", " examining", " pre", "-", "\nvention", " of", " hepatic", " complications", " after", " allogeneic", " stem", " cell", "\ntransplantation", " suggests", " a", " role", " for", " UDCA", ".", "Patients", " received", "\neither", " UDCA", " or", " placebo", " from", " the", " day", " preceding", " conditioning", "\nuntil", " day", " 90", " after", " transplantation", ".", "The", " UDCA", " group", " had", "\nsignificantly", " lower", " serum", " bilirubin", " and", " ALT", " levels", ",", " a", " sig", "-", "\nnificantly", " lower", " incidence", " of", " grade", " III", " or", " IV", " acute", " GVHD", ",", " and", "\nimproved", " overall", " survival", " at", " 1", " year", " (", "71", " vs", " 55", "%", ")", ".", "There", " was", " no", "\ndifference", " in", " the", " incidence", " of", " veno", "-", "occlusive", " disease", ".", " 61", "A", " small", " study", " examined", " the", " use", " of", " UDCA", " for", " the", " treatment", "\nof", " hepatic", " GVHD", ".", "Twelve", " allogeneic", " bone", " marrow", " transplant", "\npatients", " received", " 6", " to", " 12", " weeks", " of", " UDCA", " for", " treatment", " of", "\nrefractory", " GVHD", ".", "Results", " showed", " improvement", " in", " AST", ",", "\nbilirubin", ",", " and", " alkaline", " phosphatase", " with", " approximately", " a", "\none", "-", "third", " decline", " in", " each", ".", "However", ",", " there", " is", " no", " evidence", " for", "\nlong", "-", "term", " use", ".", " 62", "VIRAL", " HEPATITIS", "Ursodeoxycholic", " acid", " has", " been", " associated", " with", " improved", "\nserum", " transaminases", " in", " patients", " with", " chronic", " hepatitis", " C", "\ndespite", " having", " no", " influence", " on", " the", " viral", " load", ".", "The", " mechanism", "\nlikely", " involves", " the", " cytoprotective", " effect", " of", " UDCA", ".", " 63", "A", " trial", " in", "\n1994", " demonstrated", " that", " UDCA", " at", " a", " dose", " of", " 600", " or", " 900", " mg", "/", "day", "\nfor", " 16", " weeks", " was", " associated", " with", " a", " 26", "%", " reduction", " in", " ALT", " and", "\na", " 50", "%", " reduction", " in", " GGT", ".", " 64", "A", " recent" ]

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