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24716478 | conclusions | The decreased mean level of IPV and the differences between intervention and control arms , while not statistically significant , suggest that IPV in conflict-affected areas can be reduced through concerted efforts to include men directly in violence prevention programming . | 15 |
24716478 | conclusions | A larger-scale trial is needed to replicate these findings and further understand the mechanisms of change . | 16 |
24643485 | objective | This paper describes the rationale , design , and methods of a two-year randomized controlled trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental intervention in @ elementary schools in Mexico City . | 0 |
24643485 | methods | There were two units of analysis , school level addressing changes in elementary public part-time schools , and individual-level addressing behavioral changes in students @ to @ years of age . | 1 |
24643485 | methods | Two intensities of an intervention program were implemented ( basic and plus ) , each containing two intervention components : physical activity and nutrition , supported by a communication/education component . | 2 |
24643485 | methods | Evaluation of the intervention was carried out during the school cycles @-@ and @-@ . | 3 |
24643485 | results | Primary outcomes were overweight and obesity prevalence and fitness ; environmental and behavioural measures were also examined . | 4 |
24643485 | conclusions | This is the first institutional multilevel , multifactorial project , consistent with the best practices available in current literature , carried out in Mexico to prevent childhood obesity in schools . | 5 |
24801218 | background | PF-@ is a potent , selective phosphodiesterase @A ( PDE@A ) inhibitor that elevates guanoscine @ ' ,@ ' - cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) in brain and cerebrospinal fluid . | 0 |
24801218 | background | PDE@A inhibition enhances synaptic plasticity and improves memory in preclinical cognition models , and prevents decreases in dendritic spine density in transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) leading to high levels of amyloid beta ( A ) production ( Tg@ ) . | 1 |
24801218 | objective | This Phase @ multicenter study was designed to assess the efficacy , safety and pharmacokinetics of PF-@ compared with placebo in mild to moderate probable Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . | 2 |
24801218 | methods | Subjects in overall good health with Mini Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) scores of @-@ were randomized to @ weeks treatment with PF-@ @ mg q@h ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) . | 3 |
24801218 | methods | Concomitant acetylcholinesterase inhibitor or memantine use was excluded . | 4 |
24801218 | methods | The primary outcome was the Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale ( ADAS-cog ) . | 5 |
24801218 | methods | The Neuropsychiatric Inventory ( NPI ) , Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale ( CGI-I ) and standard safety measures were secondary outcomes . | 6 |
24801218 | results | Completion rates were similar , @ % PF-@ vs @ % placebo . | 7 |
24801218 | results | At week @ the mean ( SE ) baseline adjusted decrease from baseline in ADAS cog for PF-@-treated patients was -@ ( @ ) . | 8 |
24801218 | results | Placebo treated patients had a change of -@ ( @ ) . | 9 |
24801218 | results | The difference between treatments was -@ ( @ % CI of -@ , @ ) . | 10 |
24801218 | results | Corresponding values for the NPI were -@ ( @ ) vs -@ ( @ ) with a treatment difference of -@ ( @ % CI of -@ , @ ) . | 11 |
24801218 | results | Neither these changes nor the distribution of CGI-I scores were statistically significantly different between groups . | 12 |
24801218 | results | The incidence of serious adverse events ( AEs ) was similar between groups with @ deaths in the placebo group . | 13 |
24801218 | results | The PF-@ group reported more gastrointestinal AEs including diarrhea ( @ % vs @ % ) and nausea ( @ % vs @ % ) and had a higher rate of discontinuation due to AEs ( @ % vs @ % ) . | 14 |
24801218 | conclusions | Although generally safe and well-tolerated , @ weeks PF-@ treatment did not improve cognition , behavior , and global change compared with placebo . | 15 |
25951693 | background | In most cases the only knowledge an individual will receive with regards to their own body and its proper functioning is during their high school education . | 0 |
25951693 | background | The aim of this study was to evaluate high school students ' knowledge about basic physiology . | 1 |
25951693 | methods | The research was carried out in five , randomly chosen high schools in Krakow , Poland . | 2 |
25951693 | methods | Young people in the age of @-@ years were asked to fill in the questionnaire designed by the authors . | 3 |
25951693 | methods | The first part of the survey included personal data . | 4 |
25951693 | methods | The second part contained @ close-ended questions assessing students ' knowledge about the basics of human physiology . | 5 |
25951693 | methods | Question difficulty varied from easy through average , and up to difficult . | 6 |
25951693 | methods | The maximum number of points to achieve was @ . | 7 |
25951693 | results | One-thousand-and eighty-three ( out of @ invited -- @ % ) Polish high school students ( @ % female ) filled in a @-item questionnaire constructed by the authors regarding basic human physiology . | 8 |
25951693 | results | The mean age of the group was @ @ years . | 9 |
25951693 | results | The mean score among the surveyed was @ @ ( range @-@ ) . | 10 |
25951693 | results | Only @ % of students achieved a grade of @ % or more , and only one person obtained the highest possible score . | 11 |
25951693 | results | Females achieved significantly better scores than males ( @ @ vs. @ @ ; p < @ ) . | 12 |
25951693 | results | Pupils in their second year who were in the process of studying physiology , obtained better results than those in their third year who had already finished the biology course ( @ @ vs. @ @ respectively ; p < @ ) and those in their first year who did not yet study human physiology ( @ @ vs. @ @ respectively ; p = @ ) . | 13 |
25951693 | results | Over @ % of students did not know that mature red blood cells do not have cell nuclei and a similar number of them answered that humans have @,@ erythrocytes in @ mm@ of blood . | 14 |
25951693 | results | Over @ % believed that plasma does not participate in the transport of respiratory gases , and @ % believed that endocrine glands secrete hormones within their immediate vicinity and into the blood . | 15 |
25951693 | conclusions | Our research has shown that young people , especially men , often lack basic physiological knowledge needed to make conscious and responsible decisions regarding their health . | 16 |
25951693 | conclusions | Our results suggest that more emphasis should be put on properly teaching human physiology in high school , especially to those students who do not plan a career in medicine-related fields . | 17 |
25951693 | conclusions | This study brings to light the disturbing fact that about a year after a student finishes his basic physiology course his knowledge of the subject returns to a pre high school level . | 18 |
24359267 | background | With both a high need for recovery ( NFR ) and overweight and obesity being a potential burden for organizations ( e.g. productivity loss and sickness absence ) , the aim of this paper was to examine the associations between overweight and obesity and several other health measures and NFR in office workers . | 0 |
24359267 | methods | Baseline data of @ office employees participating in a randomised controlled trial aimed at improving NFR in office workers were used . | 1 |
24359267 | methods | Associations between self-reported BMI categories ( normal body weight , overweight , obesity ) and several other health measures ( general health , mental health , sleep quality , stress and vitality ) with NFR were examined . | 2 |
24359267 | methods | Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed and adjusted for age , education and job demands . | 3 |
24359267 | methods | In addition , we adjusted for general health in the association between overweight and obesity and NFR . | 4 |
24359267 | results | A significant positive association was observed between stress and NFR ( B = @ , @ % CI :@ -@ ) . | 5 |
24359267 | results | General health , mental health , sleep quality and vitality were negatively associated with NFR ( p < @ ) . | 6 |
24359267 | results | Analyses also showed a significant positive association between obesity and NFR ( B = @ , @ % CI :@ -@ ) , but not between overweight and NFR . | 7 |
24359267 | conclusions | The findings suggest that self-reported stress is , and obesity may be , associated with a higher NFR . | 8 |
24359267 | conclusions | Additionally , the results imply that health measures that indicate a better health are associated with a lower NFR . | 9 |
24716668 | background | Patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis have impaired health-related quality of life . | 0 |
24716668 | background | The thyroid gland has a high selenium concentration , and specific selenoprotein enzyme families are crucial to immune function , and catalyze thyroid hormone metabolism and redox processes in thyroid cells . | 1 |
24716668 | background | Previous randomized controlled trials have found that selenium supplementation decreases thyroid-disease-specific antibody levels . | 2 |
24716668 | background | We hypothesize that selenium might be beneficial in the treatment of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis . | 3 |
24716668 | methods | The CATALYST trial is an investigator-initiated randomized , blinded , multicentre clinical trial of selenium supplementation versus placebo in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis . | 4 |
24716668 | methods | age @ years ; serum thyroid peroxidase antibody level @ IU/ml within the previous @ months ; treatment with levothyroxine and written informed consent . | 5 |
24716668 | methods | previous diagnosis of toxic nodular goitre , Graves ' hyperthyroidism , postpartum thyroiditis , Graves ' orbitopathy ; previous antithyroid drug treatment , radioiodine therapy or thyroid surgery ; immune-modulatory or other medication affecting thyroid function ; pregnancy , planned pregnancy or breastfeeding ; allergy towards any intervention or placebo component ; intake of selenium supplementation > @ g/day ; inability to read or understand Danish or lack of informed consent . | 6 |
24716668 | methods | The trial will include @ participants . | 7 |
24716668 | methods | The experimental intervention and control groups will receive @ g selenium-enriched yeast or matching placebo tablets daily for @ months . | 8 |
24716668 | methods | The experimental supplement will be SelenoPrecise . | 9 |
24716668 | methods | The primary outcome is thyroid-related quality of life assessed by the Thyroid Patient-Reported Outcome ( ThyPRO ) questionnaire . | 10 |
24716668 | methods | Secondary outcomes include serum thyroid peroxidase antibody concentration ; serum triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio ; levothyroxine dosage ; adverse reactions and serious adverse reactions and events . | 11 |
24716668 | conclusions | In this pragmatic trial , participating patients follow their usual treatment at their usual hospitals . | 12 |
24716668 | conclusions | In order to collect high-quality data on the clinical course and quality of life , and to minimize missing data , an elaborate trial management system has been designed . | 13 |
24716668 | conclusions | @ months intervention duration was selected in consideration of the primary outcome , thyroid-related quality of life . | 14 |
25326140 | background | Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible obstruction , inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to different stimulus . | 0 |
25326140 | background | Aerobic and breathing exercises have been demonstrated to benefit asthmatic patients ; however , there is no evidence comparing the effectiveness of these treatments . | 1 |
25326140 | methods | This is a prospective , comparative , blinded , and randomized clinical trial with @ groups that will receive distinct interventions . | 2 |
25326140 | methods | Forty-eight asthmatic adults with optimized medical treatment will be randomly divided into either aerobic ( AG ) or breathing exercises ( BG ) . | 3 |
25326140 | methods | Patients will perform breathing or aerobic exercise twice a week for @months , totalizing @ sessions of @minutes each . | 4 |
25326140 | methods | Before intervention , both groups will complete an educational program consisting of @ educational classes . | 5 |
25326140 | methods | Before and after interventions , the following parameters will be quantified : clinical control ( main outcome ) , health related quality of life , levels of anxiety and depression , daily living physical activity and maximal exercise capacity ( secondary outcome ) . | 6 |
25326140 | methods | Hyperventilation syndrome symptoms , autonomic nervous imbalance , thoracoabdominal kinematics , inflammatory cells in the sputum , fraction of exhaled nitric oxide ( FENO ) and systemic inflammatory cytokines will also be evaluated as possible mechanisms to explain the benefits of both interventions . | 7 |
25326140 | conclusions | Although the benefits of breathing and aerobic exercises have been extensively studied , the comparison between both has never been investigated . | 8 |
25326140 | conclusions | Furthermore , the findings of our results will allow us to understand its application and suitability to patients that will have more benefits for every intervention optimizing its effect . | 9 |
25592188 | background | Although whole-body vibration ( WBV ) has sparked tremendous research interest in neurorehabilitation , the cardiovascular responses to WBV in people with stroke remain unknown . | 0 |
25592188 | objective | The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of different WBV protocols on oxygen consumption ( Vo@ ) , heart rate ( HR ) , rate of perceived exertion ( RPE ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , and rate-pressure product ( RPP ) during the performance of @ different exercises among people with chronic stroke ( time since onset @ months ) . | 1 |
25592188 | methods | A repeated-measures design was used . | 2 |
25592188 | methods | Each of the @ participants experienced all @ WBV protocols in separate sessions : ( @ ) no WBV , ( @ ) low-intensity WBV ( peak acceleration = @ unit of gravity of Earth -LSB- g -RSB- ) , and ( @ ) high-intensity WBV ( @ g ) . | 3 |
25592188 | methods | The order in which they encountered the WBV protocols was randomized , as was the order of exercises performed during each session . | 4 |
25592188 | methods | Oxygen consumption , HR , and RPE were measured throughout the study . | 5 |
25592188 | methods | Blood pressure and RPP were measured before and after each session . | 6 |
25592188 | results | Low-intensity and high-intensity WBV induced significantly higher Vo@ by an average of @ and @ mL/kg/min , respectively , compared with the control condition . | 7 |
25592188 | results | These protocols also increased HR by an average of @ bpm . | 8 |
25592188 | results | The @ WBV protocols induced higher RPE than the control condition during static standing exercise only . | 9 |
25592188 | results | Although the diastolic and systolic BP and RPP were increased at the end of each exercise session , the addition of WBV had no significant effect on these variables . | 10 |
25592188 | conclusions | The results are generalizable only to ambulatory and community-dwelling people with chronic stroke . | 11 |
25592188 | conclusions | Addition of high - and low-intensity WBV significantly increased the Vo@ and HR , but the increase was modest . | 12 |
25592188 | conclusions | Thus , WBV should not pose any substantial cardiovascular hazard in people with chronic stroke . | 13 |
26154787 | background | Little is known about the effect of specific anti-interleukin-@ therapy , as compared with established anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies , for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis . | 0 |
26154787 | methods | In a @-week , phase @ , dose-ranging , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , active-comparator trial , we compared guselkumab ( CNTO @ ) , an anti-interleukin-@ monoclonal antibody , with adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis . | 1 |
26154787 | methods | A total of @ patients were randomly assigned to receive guselkumab ( @ mg at weeks @ and @ and every @ weeks thereafter , @ mg every @ weeks , @ mg at weeks @ and @ and every @ weeks thereafter , @ mg every @ weeks , or @ mg at weeks @ and @ and every @ weeks thereafter ) through week @ , placebo , or adalimumab ( standard dosage for psoriasis ) . | 2 |
26154787 | methods | At week @ , patients in the placebo group crossed over to receive guselkumab at a dose of @ mg every @ weeks . | 3 |
26154787 | methods | The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a Physician 's Global Assessment ( PGA ) score of @ ( indicating cleared psoriasis ) or @ ( indicating minimal psoriasis ) at week @ . | 4 |
26154787 | results | At week @ , the proportion of patients with a PGA score of @ or @ was significantly higher in each guselkumab group than in the placebo group : @ % in the @-mg group , @ % in the @-mg group , @ % in the @-mg group , @ % in the @-mg group , and @ % in the @-mg group , as compared with @ % in the placebo group ( P@ @ for all comparisons ) . | 5 |
26154787 | results | Moreover , the proportion was significantly higher in the @-mg , @-mg , and @-mg guselkumab groups than in the adalimumab group ( @ % ) ( P < @ for all comparisons ) . | 6 |
26154787 | results | At week @ , the proportion of patients with at least a @ % improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores was significantly higher in each guselkumab group than in the placebo group ( P < @ for all comparisons ) . | 7 |
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