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10510 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20Thompson | Lincoln Thompson | Lincoln Thompson (June 18, 1949 - January 23, 1999) was a Jamaican reggae musician, songwriter and Rastafarian. He spent 2 years in the Tartans as a teenager before working under Coxsone Dodd in the early 1970s. In 1974 he released his first record, Humanity. The album had popular singles but it did not sell many copies until Thompson made a deal with Ballistics Records, a part of the record label United Artists, in 1979. This album was released commercially and there were 2 other albums recorded with Ballistics. These albums were recorded in 1979 and 1980. Experience was recorded in Jamaica. The next album, Natural Wild, was recorded in England with Joe Jackson. Ballistics went bankrupt, and Thompson returned to Jamaica. There, he recorded the album, Ride with the Rasses in 1982. The next year, he took his family to live in London where he recorded a 5th album, Rootsman Blues. He then set up an Ital grocery shop named The Rasses Fish and Grocery Store in London. Thanks to an American sponsor, a 6th album came out in 1996, called 21st century. He died in 1999 of cancer.
Other websites
Album lyrics
1949 births
1999 deaths
Jamaican entertainers
Reggae musicians
Rastafari
Songwriters |
10512 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Hanks | Tom Hanks | Tom Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and writer.
Career
Many of Hanks' early movies were comedies. He was made famous by his roles in Splash and Big. He made his way into drama with A League of Their Own and Philadelphia. He combined the two genres with Forrest Gump. Hanks has starred in many more famous movies since, including Apollo 13, Saving Private Ryan, Toy Story (only his voice was used), Cast Away, The Terminal, The Da Vinci Code, The Green Mile, Captain Phillips, Sully, Bridge of Spies and The Post.
Hanks played Fred Rogers in Marielle Heller's biographical movie A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019), a role which earned him a Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations.
Hanks has won several awards for acting. He won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia. He also won a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People's Choice Award for Best Actor for his role in Forrest Gump.
In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, as well as the French Legion of Honor.
Personal life
For his role in Saving Private Ryan, Hanks was honored as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame.
In December 2019, he was naturalized as an honorary Greek citizen by the President of Greece.
On March 12, 2020, Hanks announced that he and his wife Rita had tested positive for COVID-19 while shooting Elvis in Australia.
Filmography
Film
Television
Music video appearances
Stage
References
1956 births
Living people
Actors from Contra Costa County, California
American Christians
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from Concord, California
People's Choice Award winners
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Writers from California |
10513 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook | Hook | Hook can mean:
Hook (movie), a movie based on the story of Peter Pan, starring Robin Williams and Dustin Hoffman
Fishing hook, something used to catch fish
A hook is something that writers put at the end of a chapter or at the beginning in a book or paper used to encourage the reader to keep reading
Basic English 850 words |
10516 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Mix-A-Lot | Sir Mix-A-Lot | Sir Mix-a-Lot (born Anthony Ray on August 12, 1963) is an American rapper and producer.
His style of music is called "hip-hop." He was born in Seattle, Washington. He is best known for his hit song "Baby Got Back". That song has catchy phrases and cheap humor, and it talks about liking women with big buttocks. This made it popular in the United States during the 1990s.
Sir Mix-a-Lot is not actually a peer of the realm but has assumed the title 'Sir' for humorous or ironic effect.
Other websites
Official website
Actors from Seattle, Washington
African American actors
American movie actors
American rap musicians
African-American rappers
American television actors
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Seattle, Washington
1963 births
Living people |
10517 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20York | Dick York | Dick York (September 4, 1928 – February 20, 1992) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as Darren Stephens on the television series Bewitched. York left the series in 1969 and was replaced by Dick Sargent.
1928 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Indiana
Actors from Chicago |
10519 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Earl%20Jones | James Earl Jones | James Earl Jones (born Todd Jones on January 17, 1931) is an American actor. He is famous for doing the voice of Darth Vader in the Star Wars movies, for doing the voice of Mufasa in The Lion King and in the 2019 remake, and for the CNN tagline ("This...is CNN"). He starred in Lincoln Portrait which has music by Aaron Copland.
Jones has won two Tony Awards for his live theatre work on Broadway. He won an Emmy Award for his role on the television series Gabriel's Fire.
He is a son of actor Robert Earl Jones.
References
Other websites
James Earl Jones at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
James Earl Jones at Emmys.com
TonyAwards.com Interview with James Earl Jones
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof All African-American Production Website
1931 births
Living people
Actors from Mississippi
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Tony Award winning actors |
10520 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin%20and%20Hobbes | Calvin and Hobbes | "Calvin and Hobbes" is a comic strip by Bill Watterson about a boy called Calvin and a tiger called Hobbes. When Calvin looks at Hobbes, he sees a real tiger. However, everyone else sees Hobbes as a toy. This comic began in 1985 and has been in over 2,400 newspapers. Readers bought almost 23 million Calvin and Hobbes books.
In the comic, Calvin spends a lot of time with Hobbes. In pictures with only Calvin and Hobbes in them, Hobbes looks like a cartoon tiger. He stands on two legs. In pictures with any other person, Hobbes looks like a stuffed animal. Calvin meets Hobbes in the first story. Calvin catches him with a string and a tuna fish sandwich as bait. Calvin and Hobbes have all sorts of trouble and adventures. The comic strip continued from November 18, 1985 until December 31, 1995.
Characters
Calvin
Calvin is a 6-year-old boy. He is named after a religious thinker, or theologian, John Calvin. His last name is never in the comic.
Calvin often pretends, and he has a powerful imagination. He also does things without thinking. He is often very excited and is curious about everything. Sometimes he is selfish and rude. Calvin does not get good grades in school, but he knows very many complex words that usually only adults know. "You know how Einstein got bad grades as a kid?" he says. "Well, mine are even worse!"
Calvin usually wears a shirt with red stripes on it. He has blond hair that stands up on his head. Watterson has described Calvin this way:
"Calvin is pretty easy to do because he is outgoing and rambunctious and there's not much of a filter between his brain and his mouth."
"I guess he's a little too intelligent for his age. The thing that I really enjoy about him is that he has no sense of restraint, he doesn't have the experience yet to know the things that you shouldn't do."
Hobbes
In classic comic tradition of sidekicks, Hobbes is like Calvin's 'good side' because he is more mature and makes smarter decisions than Calvin does. When Calvin does something like throw a snowball at a girl, Hobbes will say "You think she's cute, right?"
From most characters' point of view, Hobbes is Calvin's stuffed tiger. However, from Calvin's point of view, Hobbes is as alive and real just like other characters in the comic strip. He is named after 17th century philosopher Thomas Hobbes, who had what Watterson called "a dim view of human nature." Hobbes is much more alert and aware of the bad things that can happen than Calvin is. But, he does not stop Calvin's trouble making. All that he really does is warn him. Calvin will be the one to get in trouble for doing something wrong, not Hobbes. Hobbes also likes to surprise Calvin. He approaches him quietly and then jumping on Calvin. Calvin hates this.
From Calvin's point of view, Hobbes is a real, intelligent, loyal, and cunning tiger, much larger than Calvin and full of his own attitudes and ideas. But when the view changes to any other character, readers see merely a little stuffed tiger. Watterson explains it like this:
Although the first strips clearly show Calvin capturing Hobbes by means of a trap (with tuna fish as the bait), a later comic (August 1, 1989) seems to imply that Hobbes is, in fact, older than Calvin, and has been around with him his whole life. Watterson decided that it was not important to explain how Calvin and Hobbes had first met.
Calvin's family
Calvin's mom and dad are mostly American middle-class parents; like many other characters in the strip, their relatively realistic and sensible manners act as a contrast to Calvin's childish and selfish behavior. Both parents go through the entire strip without names. They are only called "Mom" and "Dad", or nicknames such as "hon" and "dear." Watterson has never given Calvin's parents names "because as far as the strip is concerned, they are important only as Calvin's mom and dad." This ended up being somewhat problematic when Calvin's Uncle Max was in the strip for a week and could not refer to the parents by name, and was one of the main reasons that Max never reappeared.
Susie Derkins
Susie Derkins, the only character in the strip with both first and last names, is a classmate of Calvin who lives in his neighborhood. She first appeared early in the strip as a new student in Calvin's class. Unlike Calvin, she is polite and very smart and eager to improve in her studies and grades at school, and her imagination usually seems mild-mannered and calm, consisting of a standard young girls' games such as playing house or having tea parties with her stuffed animals. Her approach to these games is arguably more modern, however, some might say even skeptical. (In a game of "house" she usually casts herself as the traditional working wife while Calvin is the lousy and useless husband or some version similar to that.) "Derkins" was the nickname of Watterson's wife's family beagle, and he liked the name so much he named this character after it. As much as either of them hate to admit, Calvin and Susie have quite a bit in common. (Susie is shown on occasion with a stuffed rabbit known as "Mr. Bun," and Calvin always has Hobbes.)
Watterson admits that Calvin and Susie have a bit of a wild crush on each other (Said by Calvin, "It's shameless the way we flirt."), and that Susie is inspired by the type of women Watterson himself finds attractive (which has led to speculation that Susie is based on Watterson's wife). Her relationship with Calvin, though, is frequently conflicted, and never really becomes sorted out, and the closest things are times when Calvin sends dead flowers and hate-mail as Valentine's Day gifts for his own enjoyment. (She feels he likes her enough to send her that gift, and he rejoices in her noticing.)
Sometimes Hobbes does something to attract Susie's romantic attention. He is often successful and this makes Calvin angry and jealous. Although on the surface these events take the form of Hobbes teasing Calvin and showing off his charms, they may be Calvin's way to disguise his own crush on Susie, by pretending that it is Hobbes' crush instead.
Moe
Moe is a bully, "a six-year-old who shaves" who is always pushing Calvin against walls, forcing to give him to give away his lunch money, and calling him "Twinky." Moe is the only regular character who speaks in an unusual font: his (frequently monosyllabic) dialogue is shown in rough, lower-case letters. Watterson describes Moe as "every jerk I've ever known." And while Moe is not smart, he is, as Calvin puts it, streetwise. That means, as Calvin says, "he knows what street he lives on".
Miss Wormwood
Miss Wormwood is Calvin's bored and depressed teacher, named after the apprentice devil in C.S. Lewis's The Screwtape Letters. She continuously wears polka-dotted dresses, and serves like others as a foil to Calvin's rude behavior. Calvin's response to the boring studies of schoolwork is endless dreams of his imagination. She is eagerly waiting to retire, taking a large amount of medication, and is apparently a heavy smoker and alcohol drinker.
Although time does change in the Calvin and Hobbes universe, which is mostly seen in the changing of the season, Calvin (and Susie) returns to Ms. Wormwood's first-grade class every fall.
As usual, for an adult entering Calvin's world, Miss Wormwood sees things differently from Calvin. For example, when she talks to Calvin about his missing homework, Calvin's Spaceman Spiff persona sees her as a large slimy threatening snarling alien. "Slowly, carefully, Spiff draws his death-ray blaster".
Rosalyn
Rosalyn is a teenage high school senior student and the person who watches Calvin whenever Calvin's parents go on a night out together. She is the only babysitter able to put up with Calvin's bad behavior, which she uses to demand raises and advance payment from Calvin's desperate parents. She is also, according to Watterson, the only person Calvin truly fears— certainly she is his equal in sneakiness, and is willing to play as dirty as he does. Rosalyn has a habit of sending him to bed at 6:30, which he refuses to do, and only makes more trouble. Rosalyn's boyfriend, Charlie, never appears in the strip, but calls her on the telephone sometimes. Calvin often cuts short these calls. Originally, she was created as a nameless, one-time only character with no plans to appear again; however, Watterson decided he wanted to keep her unique ability to scare Calvin, which led to many more appearances.
At one time during the strip shown in the book collection "The Revenge of the Babysat", Calvin's parents prepare to go out on a night with a dinner and a movie while leaving Calvin with Rosalyn. When he finds out she is coming, Calvin runs up to Hobbes and explains the situation. Later when Rosalyn appears, Calvin and Hobbes hear that Rosalyn needs to study for a big science test. They decide to ruin her studying. After Calvin's parents leave, Calvin approaches Rosalyn, curious about what she's doing. After slyly talking her away from her science notes, he quickly grabs them, runs to the bathroom door with Hobbes, and locks the door while Rosalyn yells from he outside demanding her notes back. Once they "flushed" her notes (in which they only pretended to and flushed an empty toilet). Moments later when the wonder if Rosalyn has gone, Calvin opens the door only to find Rosalyn pounce upon him and throw him to bed at 7 o'clock which Hobbes notes that they went to bed 30 minutes later than usual. The ending shows Calvin's parents coming back home to find Rosalyn charge extra money for the job while Calvin's parents argue if there's another babysitter in town.
Common subjects
Calvin's other personalities
Stupendous man: Calvin imagines himself as a superhero by wearing a cape and mask made by his mom. He imagines other people as villains and he fights them. For example, he calls his mother "Mom-Lady". He calls his teacher "Crab Teacher", and Susie,"Annoying Girl". His babysitter, Rosalyn, is known as "Babysitter Girl".
Snowballs and snowmen
During the winter, Calvin likes to make ugly or frightening snowmen when once Calvin created the "Deranged Mutant Killer Monster Snow Goons". Also, his snowmen creations have had snowmen with missing or multiple heads, snowmen taking another's head for a bowling ball, and snowmen being "knocked over" by his family's car.
Also, Calvin frequently throws snowballs at Susie, most likely having himself being chased by Susie. Once Calvin (while in his "Stupendous Man" alter-ego) also made a gigantic snowball and dropped it at Susie while on top of a tree, as where Susie's mom described it as a "the size of a bowling ball".
Monsters under the bed
The monsters under the bed are described as scary, octopus-tentacled shaped creatures that lived under Calvin's bed every time he went to sleep. Often, they would try to bribe Calvin to come under the bed by giving him a new toy or by urging Hobbes to push Calvin over in return for a fresh piece of salmon. According to Calvin he'd usually describe them as "all fangs and no brains". They often lie to Calvin when he asks "how many monsters are under my bed?, when they'd usually reply there's "only one" or "none and go to sleep". Although various monsters were known to exist under Calvin's bed, two named monsters "Maurice" and "Winslow" appeared and re-appeared during the strip's middle times.
G.R.O.S.S.
Get Rid Of Slimy Girls is Calvin's anti-girl club. The club's goal is to annoy and bother girls, and Calvin's main target is Susie Derkins. The club has only two members, Calvin and Hobbes. Calvin is "supreme dictator-for-life" and Hobbes is the "first tiger". They two usually make plans like throwing water balloons or snowballs at Susie. Often these plans have a bad ending. However, every time G.R.O.S.S finishes a mission or meeting, they always get awards such as medals, honors, and promotions. Of course, the word "gross" also means disgusting.
School and homework
Calvin hates school and homework so much. He usually tries to avoid them. His Mom always makes him ride the school bus even though he does not want to, and sometimes tries to run home and not go to class. In one Sunday comic strip, Calvin's imagination became so wild and creative that he imagined getting in a F-15 Eagle airplane and blasting his elementary school to pieces with many missiles.
References
Other websites
The following links were last verified August 27, 2006.
Official websites
Official Calvin and Hobbes site
Publisher Andrews McMeel's official Calvin and Hobbes site
Further reading
Chris Suellentrop. "The last great newspaper comic strip", Slate magazine, November 7, 2005.
"Missing! Calvin and Hobbes creator Bill Watterson. ", Cleveland Scene, November 26, 2003
Neely Tucker. "The Tiger Strikes Again", The Washington Post'', October 4, 2005
Comic strips |
10521 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Randall | Tony Randall | Tony Randall (February 26, 1920 - May 17 2004) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Felix Unger on the television series The Odd Couple.
Other websites
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winners
Actors from Oklahoma
1920 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia |
10522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian | Lesbian | A lesbian is a homosexual woman. This means a woman who is sexually attracted to other women, and not to men.
The word lesbian comes from Lesbos (), an island in Greece. An ancient poet, Sappho, lived on Lesbos. Sappho wrote mostly poems about love. Many of her love poems are written to women. So her name and the island where she lived make people think about women who love women. Sometimes lesbians are also called Sapphists from the name Sappho. Sapphic can be used as an umbrella term for love between women, regardless of their sexual or romantic orientation.
Lesbians and feminism
Lesbians were involved in the early feminist (a movement of women who want to be treated equally to men) movement. Feminism is the political and social movements that promote women's equality and rights. However, there was conflict between lesbians and straight (heterosexual) women in the feminist movement. In the 1960s and 1970s some straight (women who like men) feminists wanted the lesbians out of the women's rights movement. They wanted feminism to be accepted by society. They believed lesbians were less accepted by society and might hurt the feminist movement.
Eventually, the women's rights movement accepted its lesbian members. Now many important feminist leaders are out (out means that they make it known that they are lesbians) lesbians.
Lesbians as parents
Many lesbian couples want to have children of their own. In order to raise children, they sometimes adopt. However some places do not allow homosexual couples to adopt children, so many of them want to be able to adopt children.
Some lesbian couples also have their own biological children. To do this they may have artificial insemination. This is when sperm from a donor male is placed in a woman to make a pregnancy. Some lesbian women do this at home with a friend they choose to be the donor. However many may use sperm banks. These are medical businesses that match couples who need donor sperm with men who will donate. Sometimes this is done anonymously which means the couple does not know the donor. Sometimes this is done with the donor known and even chosen by the couple.
Law and religion
Unlike gay sex between males, lesbian sex is not against the law in as many places. Some religions that condemn gay male sex say nothing about lesbian sex. Abrahamic religions usually see gay as well as lesbian relations as immoral. Saint Paul in Epistle to the Romans 1:26 describes lesbianism as 'unnatural' and 'shameful'. There are some religions, however, mostly new religious movements that accept lesbian relations.
In most parts of the world lesbian couples cannot marry. This means they do not have the legal benefits and protection of marriage. This can cause lesbians, and gay men, many problems. A lesbian relationship wherein one of the partners is underage is called korephilia.
Related pages
Homosexuality
References
LGBT variations |
10523 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine | Maine | Maine is the northeast-most state in the United States. The capital is Augusta, although the city of Portland, farther south, is the largest in the state. Maine became the 23rd state, on March 15, 1820. It was previously a part of Massachusetts. Commercial Fishing, including lobster trapping, is a traditional and still vital part of the coastal economy. Tourism is a large industry in southern Maine because of its many beaches and picturesque coastal villages. Southern Maine is the part of the state that has the most people. Many other areas, to the North, are far more rural.
Geography
To the south and east is the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and northeast is New Brunswick, and the country of Canada. The Canadian province of Quebec is to the northwest. Maine is both the northernmost state in New England and the largest, accounting for nearly half the region's whole land area. Maine also has the distinction of being the only state to border just one other state (New Hampshire to the west). The municipalities of Eastport and Lubec are the easternmost city and town in the United States. Estcourt Station is Maine's northernmost point and also the northernmost point in the New England region of the United States.
Maine's "Moosehead Lake" is the biggest lake that is completely in New England (Lake Champlain is located between Vermont and New York, which is not considered part of New England). A number of other Maine lakes, like as South Twin Lake, are said by Thoreau. Mount Katahdin is both the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail, which to Springer Mountain, Georgia, and the southern of the new "International Appalachian Trail" which, when finished, will run to "Belle Isle", Newfoundland and Labrador.
Maine is the only state that shares its borders with only one other American state since it only borders New Hampshire and Canada.
Climate
Maine has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with warm (although mostly not hot), humid summers. Winters are cold and snowy all over the state, and are mostly more severe in the northern parts of Maine. Coastal areas are moderated somewhat by the Atlantic Ocean. Daytime highs are mostly in the 75–80 °F (24–27 °C) range all over the state in July, with overnight lows in the high 50s°F (around 15 °C). January temperatures range from highs near 32 °F (0 °C) on the southern coast to overnight lows below 0 °F (−18 °C) in the far north.
Maine is mostly safe from hurricanes and tropical storms. By the time they reach the state, many have become and few hurricanes have made landfall in Maine. Maine has fewer days of thunderstorms than any other state east of the Rockies, with most of the state with less than 20 days of thunderstorms a year. Tornadoes are rare in Maine, about two per year, mostly happening in the southern part of the state.
In January 2009, a new record low temperature for the state was set at −50 °F, tying the New England record. The state's record high temperature is 105 °F, set in July 1911.
History
Humans have lived in Maine for many thousands of years. The Penobscot, Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot Native American groups all lived there before Europeans found Maine.
Early during the colonial time, Maine was part of Massachusetts. It became its own state in 1820, the 23rd state in the United States of America. Its northern border with Canada was set in 1842.
Population
As of 2008, Maine has an estimated population of 1,321,504, which is an increase of 6,520, or 0.5%, from the past year and an increase of 46,582, or 3.7%, since the year of 2000. This has a natural increase since the last census of 6,413 people (that is 71,276 births minus 64,863 deaths) and an increase because of "net migration" of 41,808 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States made a net increase of 5,004 people, and migration within the country made a net increase of 36,804 people. The population density of the state is 41.3 people per square mile.
Economy
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Maine's total gross state product for 2007 was $48 billion. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $33,991, 34th in the country.
People in Maine produce agricultural goods like poultry, eggs, dairy products, cattle, wild blueberries (the state makes 25% of all blueberries in North America, making it the largest blueberry maker in the world), apples, maple syrup and maple sugar. Aroostook County is known for its potato crops. Commercial fishing, once a mainstay of the state's economy, maintains a presence, mostly lobstering and groundfishing. Western Maine and springs are a big source of bottled water. Maine's company outputs make paper, lumber and wood products, electronic stuff, leather things, food products, textiles, and bio-technology. Naval shipbuilding and building remain key as well, with Bath Iron Works in Bath and Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery. Naval Air Station Brunswick is also in Maine, and serves as a large support base for the U.S. Navy. However, the BRAC campaign recommended Brunswick's closing, despite a new government-funded effort to upgrade its facilities.
References
Notes
Related pages
Colleges and universities in Maine
List of counties in Maine
List of rivers of Maine
1820 establishments in the United States |
10526 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884 | 1884 |
Births
May 8 – Harry S. Truman
October 11 – Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States, wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1962)
December 30 – Hideki Tōjō, 40th Prime Minister of Japan, Led the Attack on Pearl Harbour (d. 1948)
Deaths
January 25 – Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor and composer (b. 1815)
March 21 – Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819)
April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (b. 1858)
May 12 – Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
May 13 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809)
June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858)
July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (b. 1819)
July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818) |
10531 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niuatoputapu | Niuatoputapu | Niuatoputapu is an island in Tonga. It has a population of about 1200 people. Niuatoputapu is located in the north of the country, near to Samoa.
Tonga |
10532 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa | Samoa | The Independent State of Samoa is a country in the Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. It has two islands, including Upolu and Savai'i. The capital of Samoa is Apia. It is on the island of Upolu. The head of the country is Va'aletoa Sualauvi II.
The languages spoken in Samoa include Samoan and English.
The sport that is most popular in Samoa is Rugby, and many Samoan people play Rugby.
Samoa was admitted to the United Nations on 18 September 1962.
A measles outbreak began in October 2019 and continued through December. As of December 28, there were 81 deaths out of 5667 cases.
Districts
Samoa has eleven political districts. These are called itūmālō. These are the traditional eleven districts that were made well before European arrival.
1 including islands Manono, Apolima and Nu'ulopa
2 including the Aleipata Islands and Nu'usafe'e Island
3 smaller parts also on Upolu (Salamumu (incl. Salamumu-Utu) and Leauvaa villages)
Geography
Samoa is south of the equator. It is about halfway between Hawai‘i and New Zealand in the Polynesian part of the Pacific Ocean. The main island of Upolu is home to nearly three-quarters of Samoa's people
The two large islands of Upolu and Savai'i are 99% of the total land area. There are eight small islets. These are the three islets in the Apolima Strait: Manono Island, Apolima and Nu'ulopa. There are four Aleipata Islands off the eastern end of Upolu. They are: Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Namua, and Fanuatapu. And there is Nu'usafe'e.
East of Samoa is a group of islands called American Samoa. They are part of the United States, but they are similar to the country Samoa, because they also speak Samoan.
Samoa used to be east of the international date line. In 2011, the line changed, so that Samoa would be to the west of the date line. This change took effect on the night of 29 December. Friday was skipped altogether and the following day was Saturday 31 December.
Demographics
Samoa has 194,320 people. 92.6% are Samoans, 7% Euronesians (people of mixed, European and Polynesian ancestors) and 0.4% are Europeans.
Religion in Samoa includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 35.5%, Roman Catholic 19.6%, Methodist 15%, Latter-day Saints 12.7%, Samoan Assemblies of God 10.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.5%, Worship Centre 1.3%, unspecified 0.8%.There is also about 522 Jehovah's Witnessses in Samoa since 1931. Samoa has one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world. It is in Tiapapata.
Many people say that Samoan people are related to Māori people because lots of the language words are very similar to Maori language.
As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawai'ian, Tahitian and Māori), Samoans have two gender specific and culturally important tattoos. For males, it is called the Pe'a, It is intricate and geometrical patterns tattooed on areas from the knees up towards the ribs. A male who has such a tatau is called a soga'imiti. A Samoan girl or teine is given a malu. It covers the area from just below her knees to her upper thighs.
References |
10533 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy%20Jones%20%28musician%29 | Davy Jones (musician) | David Thomas "Davy" Jones (December 30, 1945– February 29, 2012) was an English singer and actor. He was born in Manchester, England.
His father wanted him to be a jockey, but he wanted to be a performer. He appeared in the television programme, Coronation Street and in the London and Broadway versions of Oliver!. In 1966, he joined The Monkees, a musical group created for a television series of the same name. The series was cancelled in 1968 and the group disbanded in 1970.
Jones continued to perform until his death from a heart attack caused by atherosclerosis in 2012 in Stuart, Florida.
References
Other websites
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English movie actors
English pop musicians
English singers
English television actors
Musical theater actors
Musicians from Manchester
1945 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from atherosclerosis |
10534 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Nesmith | Michael Nesmith | Robert Michael Nesmith (December 30, 1942 – December 10, 2021) was an American musician, songwriter, actor, producer, novelist, businessman and philanthropist.
Nesmith was born in Dallas, Texas on December 30, 1942. His mother, Bette Nesmith Graham invented Liquid Paper in 1951 and made the family very rich.
In the 1960s, Nesmith moved to Los Angeles to start a recording career. He wrote the song "Different Drum" which was a hit for Linda Ronstadt and the Stone Poneys. In 1966, he became a member of the Monkees, a made-for-TV rock band. He left the group in 1969 and started a solo career.
Nesmith is considered one of the forefathers of the country-rock movement of the 1970s with his song Joanne. He also worked as a producer and is considered one of the pioneers of the music video industry. Nesmith's 1981 video-movie Elephant Parts won the first Grammy Award for a music video
Nesmith died from heart failure at his home in Carmel Valley, California on December 10, 2021, at the age of 78.
References
Musicians from Texas
American songwriters
American television actors
American rock musicians
Grammy Award winners
Actors from Dallas, Texas
1942 births
2021 deaths
American philanthropists
Deaths from heart failure
American country guitarists |
10535 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Tork | Peter Tork | Peter Tork (February 13, 1942 – February 21, 2019) was an American actor and musician. His real name was Peter Halsten Thorkelson. He was born in Washington, D.C. He started as a folk musician in Greenwich Village. In 1966, he became famous as a member of The Monkees. He was recommended for the group by his friend Stephen Stills. Shortly after The Monkees television series ended 1968, he left the band. He played with the other members of the group at times, but often played with his own bands and tours.I
Tork died on February 21, 2019 in Mansfield, Connecticut, aged 77. He suffered from a rare form of throat cancer in the years before his death.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
American guitarists
American pop musicians |
10537 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micky%20Dolenz | Micky Dolenz | George Michael Dolenz, Jr. (born March 8, 1945), better known as Micky Dolenz is an American actor, singer, director, and voice artist. He is most famous as a member of The Monkees.
1945 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Musicians from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles |
10539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstar%20beer | Goldstar beer | Goldstar is an Israeli beer that has been brewed in Israel since the 1950s.
It is defined as a Munich-style beer. Goldstar contains 4.9% alcohol.
Beer |
10547 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1797 | 1797 |
Events
January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli (a peace treaty between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Algiers.
January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as official flag. It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
February 14 – The Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), part of the Wars of the French Revolution.
February 18 – Spanish Governor Chacon peacefully surrenders the colony of Trinidad and Tobago to a British naval force.
February 22 – Attempted invasion of Britain at Fishguard in Wales by French forces
February 26 – The Bank of England (national bank of Britain) issues the first one-pound note (discontinued March 11, 1988).
March 4 – John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
May 12 – First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice, ending the 1100 years of independence of the city. Last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, steps down.
July 24 – Horatio Nelson is wounded at Tenerife, causing a loss of one arm.
September 7 – Treaty of Campo Formio ends the War of the First Coalition.
October 21 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli.
December 17 – Napoleon leads a successful French charge against Fort l'Aiguilette to secure Toulon for French
Large-scale mutinies in Royal Navy
Joseph Haydn composes the music to "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser," the tune of which also became the music to the German national anthem, "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit."
Births
Date unknown – Mahmud Bayazidi, Kurdish polymath
August 30 – Mary Shelley, British writer of Frankenstein
Deaths
September 10 – Mary Wollstonecraft, female philosopher (b. 1759) |
10548 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1851 | 1851 |
Events
January 23 – The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.
March 1 – Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times
March 27 – First reported case of white men seeing Yosemite Valley.
March 30 – A population census was taken of all people living in the United Kingdom.
May 1 – The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria. It runs until October 18.
May 15 – Rama IV is crowed King of Thailand.
July – The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played.
July 1 – Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales.
July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
August 22 – The yacht America wins the first America's Cup race (see Yachting).
October 18 – The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
November 13 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what will become Seattle, Washington.
December 2 – Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. Later he declares himself as an emperor Napoleon III. End of the Second Republic.
December 24 – The Library of Congress burns.
December 29 – The first YMCA opens, in Boston, Massachusetts.
Births
January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)
May 20 – Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)
August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)
October 31 – Princess Louise of Sweden
Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
Ruperto Chapí, Spanish zarzuelist
Tom Morris, Jr., Scottish golfer (d. 1875)
Deaths
February 1 – Mary Shelley, British writer of Frankenstein
August 28 – Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Australian explorer
September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper
Art, music, theatre, and literature
The House of the Seven Gables by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
Moby-Dick by Herman Melville. |
10554 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20de%20Villepin | Dominique de Villepin | Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born November 14, 1953), simply known as Dominique de Villepin, was Premier (or Prime Minister) of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007. He was made Premier by Jacques Chirac after the French President removed Jean-Pierre Raffarin from the premiership. Raffarin failed to gain the support of the French people for the European Constitution.
Dominique de Villepin said that his government's most important task would be job creation. He knew that the French people were concerned about the condition of the French economy. This was one of the reasons they had voted against the European Constitution in the referendum on 29 May 2005.
On 15 May 2007, the last full day of President Jacques Chirac's term, Villepin gave his resignation from the office of Prime Minister and it was accepted by the President. He was replaced two days later by François Fillon.
References
1953 births
Living people
Alumni of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris
French diplomats
French lawyers
Government ministers of France
Prime Ministers of France |
10575 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Drake | Francis Drake | Vice Admiral Sir Francis Drake (1540 – 27 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. He was born in Tavistock and grew up in Kent, where he learned to be a sailor. Soon he was a shipmaster (captain). Queen Elizabeth I awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581, which he received on the Golden Hind in Deptford. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He also carried out the second circumnavigation of the world, from 1577 to 1580 during which he attacked towns of the Spanish Empire. He had always been a powerful enemy to the Spanish.
He died of dysentery in January 1596 after he had unsuccessfully attacked San Juan, Puerto Rico.
His exploits were legendary. He was a hero to the English but a pirate to the Spaniards. King Philip II was reported to have offered a reward of 20,000 ducats, today worth about £4,000,000 (about US $6,5000,000) for him to be killed.
References
1540 births
1596 deaths
Admirals
English businesspeople
English explorers
Sailors
Slavers
Deaths from dysentery |
10576 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Commons%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom | House of Commons of the United Kingdom | The term House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is made up of Members of Parliament elected by the people. Sometimes it is called the 'lower house'. (The 'upper house' is called the House of Lords.) Other countries also have a bicameral parliament with a House of Commons working in the same way.
In the British parliament, there are 650 Members of Parliament or MPs. Each MP represents a constituency, which covers an area of the country. The people of each constituency vote at a general election or a by-election to choose one person to represent them in the House of Commons. Usually, the people choose someone who belongs to a political party. When all the parties get together, the party or coalition with the most members is the government and runs the country. The leader of that party is called the Prime Minister.
The House of Commons hold their meetings in the Palace of Westminster. Their chief officer is the Speaker of the House who elected by MPs. The current Speaker is Lindsay Hoyle, who was elected in 2019. The Clerk of the House of Commons is the Principal Adviser to the Speaker. The Serjeant-at-Arms is in charge of the security.
Election Results Since 1945
United Kingdom
Government of the United Kingdom |
10577 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wank | Wank | Wank is a mountain in the Bavarian Alps, by Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany, close to the Austrian border.
Wank is 1780m tall, and has a cable car, the Wankbahn, which takes people almost all the way to the top. Near the peak, there is an inn called the Wankhaus which was built in 1911 that allows people to spend the night.
Alps
Geography of Bavaria
Mountains of Germany |
10588 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1685 | 1685 | Year 1685 was a common year that started on a Monday when using the Gregorian calendar.
Events
February 6 – James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland.
February 18 – Fort St. Louis is established by a Frenchman at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas.
February 20 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle lands with 200 surviving colonists at Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast intending to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River, believing it near.
March – Louis XIV of France passes the "Code Noir", allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies.
June 20 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmout], illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland declares himself King and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland, after already forming his own army and campaigning against his uncle.
July 6 – [onmouth Rebellion: The Battle of Sedgemoor between the armies of King James II of England and rebel forces under Monmouth. Monmouth's army is defeated and the Duke himself is captured shortly after the battle.
July 15 – The Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, London.
October 18-19 – Louis XIV declares the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal.
Undated
The Chinese army of the Qing Dynasty attacks a Russian post at Albazin, during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperor and the dual Russian rulers Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia. The events lead to the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
Adam Baldridge founds a pirate base in St Mary Island in the Madagascar.
On a trading expedition to the Mississippi, explorer Michel Mathieu Brunet dit Lestang discovers La Baie des Puants (present-day Green Bay, Wisc.).
Births
January 7 – Jonas Alströmer, Swedish industrialist (died 1761)
January 9 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist (died 1766)
February 8 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian (died 1770)
February 10 – Aaron Hill, English writer (died 1750)
February 16 – Munuc Wraecca, English minister and writer ( died 1763)
February 23 – George Frideric Handel, German composer (died 1759)
March 12 – George Berkeley, English philosopher (died 1753)
March 18 – Ralph Erskine, Scottish minister (died 1752)
March 21 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (died 1750)
June 30 – John Ga], English writer (died 1732)
July 3 – Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, British cavalry officer (died 1768)
August 18 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (died 1731)
October 1 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1740)
October 26 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (died 1757)
November 17 – Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye, French-Canadian trader and explorer (died 1749)
December 17 – Thomas Tickell, English writer (died 1740)
Deaths
January 2 – Harbottle Grimston, English politician (born 1603)
February 6 – King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland (born 1630)
February 11 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (born 1638)
February 24 – Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle, English politician and military leader (born 1629)
March 22 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (born 1638)
May 26 – Karl II, Elector Palatine (born 1651)
July 15 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of England (beheaded) (born 1649)
July 28 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (born 1618)
September 1 – Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer and diplomat (born 1625)
October 12 – Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian jurist (born 1628)
October 30 – Michel le Tellier, French statesman (born 1603)
December 12 – John Pell, English mathematician (born 1610)
date unknown Nalan Xingde, Chinese poet who became a scholar and officer in the Imperial Bodyguard (born 1655)
References |
10589 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank%20Aaron | Hank Aaron | Henry Louis Aaron (February 5, 1934 – January 22, 2021) was a professional baseball player who played right field. He played baseball professionally for 22 years and hit 755 home runs. Even though he has 755 home runs in his career, he never hit 50 or more in a season. He was selected for 25 All-Star games. He was put into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982. Hank Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama.
Aaron said he got the COVID-19 vaccination on 5 January 2021. A few weeks later, he died in his sleep on January 22, 2021, two weeks before his 87th birthday, in Atlanta.
References
Other websites
Hank Aaron at Baseball Aha
1934 births
African-American baseball players
Atlanta Braves players
2021 deaths
Milwaukee Braves players
Milwaukee Brewers players
National League All-Stars
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Sportspeople from Alabama |
10590 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu | Vishnu | Lord Maha Vishnu is the Supreme Godhead of Vaishnavism (Para Brahman or Nirguna Brahman) in puranas. He is called Swambhagwan in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Vishnu is one of the three main Gods in Hinduism and is the Absolute Supreme being in the Vaishnava tradition. Vishnu is one of the members in the Trimurti in Hinduism.
Vishnu is the God of Preservation, genuinely meaning he protects the universe from being destroyed. It is believed that Lord Vishnu cradles the earth and all living organisms. According to the Hindu religion, he has set foot or arrived on the earth in nine forms called avatars, so far with one incarnation yet to come that is Kalki at the end of Kali Yuga to destroy evil. His most famous incarnations are Rama, Krishna, Parashurama and Narasimha.
Vishnu's wife is Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth and Fortune. Lord Vishnu is usually shown with a light blue skin and four arms. The Lord holds a lotus or Padma, the Indestructible Mace of Lord Vishnu (Kaumodaki), a conch (Shankha) and the Unstoppable Disc Of Lord Vishnu (Sudarshana Chakra) in each of his four hands. He is known to take many guises, but the three main forms of Vishnu are Mahavishnu Karanodakshayi Vishnu (Mahavishnu), Garbhodaksayi Vishnu and Kshirodakashayi Vishnu. The latter two are the expansion of Karanodakshayi Vishnu.
Avatars
There are 10 Avatars of Vishnu (in the order they appeared):
Matsya (Fish)
Kurma (Turtle)
Varaha (Boar)
Narasimha (Half lion, Half man)
Vamana (Dwarf / Short man)
Parashurama (Fierce man / Hunter)
Rama (Developed man / Ideal man / Fighter)
Krishna (Cowherd Prince)
The diverse branches of the Hindu Tradition accept the ninety form of Vishnu as the following:
Jagannath (Abstract Form)
Budhha (Enlightened Man)
Kalki (future avatar, has not appeared yet)
Icons
Lord Vishnu holds items in his four hands. The Lord holds a conch in the upper left hand, which represents victory. He holds the Sudarshan Chakra in the upper right hand, which represents spiritual energy. In his lower left hand, a lotus (flower) represents peacefulness, and in his lower right hand, the Kaumodaki represents the Lord's powers.
Temples of Vishnu (Mahavishnu)
Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple : of Serenity and Mystery, is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is the ancient Tirth Kshetra. There is no other place like this anywhere in the Brahamanda.
Powers and Abilities
Note that all these abilities are from Bhagavata Purana and Vishnu Purana.
Omniverse manipulation/Absolute Manipulation/Meta Manipulation/Preservation: As the preserver, Vishnu can control anything and everything. The power to protect everything from anything is the reason why he is also called the Supreme protector of his devotees.
Absolute destruction: In the Vishnu purana, Vishnu is also described as the creator, destroyer, and preserver. As the destroyer, he can even destroy infinity or the omniverse.
Omni-Creation Or Absolute Creation: As the creator in Vishnu purana, Vishnu has the power to create everything, even infinity and beyond. The power to have limitless power upon seeing the Supreme form of lord Vishnu arjuna describes him having infinite prowess or power.
The Lord has the power to do absolutely everything, even creating something that is bigger than infinity itself. In Chapter 11 Of the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna/Vishnu shows Arjuna everything—all of creation: time, space, past, present, future, omniverse, fictional and real human beings, and more. It is beyond human imagination to actually comprehend it.
Omniscience: The power to have infinite wisdom experience and knowledge.
Omnipresent: The power to be everywhere at every time including beyond the omniverse in both past present and future. When Lord Krishna/Vishnu shows his Supreme appearance, it is described being everywhere, yet people can't see it because they don't have the divine vision. Only Maharishis/sages, gods, Sanjaya, and arjuna are able to see this Vishvarupa.
Formless: Vishnu's true form is described as formless, infinite, boundless, inapplicable, without shape and color, according to Vishnu Purana.
Absolute immortality: Chapter 1 of Vishnu purana describes Vishnu being boundlessly above the concept of death idea and life.
Absolute Transcendence/Being Above All Things: The Vishnu Purana also describes Vishnu being above all descriptions such as logic, time, space, etc. He is an infinite dimensional being according to Vishnu Sahasranamam.
References
Hindu gods and goddesses |
10593 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money%20laundering | Money laundering | Money laundering is something some criminals do to hide the money they make from crimes. Criminals do money laundering to make it hard for the police to find out where the criminal got the money.
One way criminals launder money is by using the money earned from illegal activities to buy things (like gold and silver, shares or casino chips, other legitimate business activities like food or liquor stores) and then selling those items to get the money back. If a criminal buys and sells things many times it is hard for the police to find out where the criminal got the money.
Some countries have laws to try to stop money laundering. These laws help the police to find out when criminals try to do money laundering. Under the laws in some countries, business people must:
tell the Government when someone pays them a lot of money (for example $10,000) or when someone puts a lot of money in their bank
tell the Government if they think someone is doing money laundering, and
write down on paper, or on a computer, every time someone gives them a lot of money or they give someone a lot of money.
In 1989, some countries set up a group of people from different Governments to tell countries the best ways to stop money laundering. This organization is called the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering. The following countries have joined the Financial Action Task Force (FATF/GAFI):
Argentina
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Bahrain
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Curaçao
Denmark
European Commission
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong, China
Iceland
India
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Kuwait
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Oman
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Russian Federation
Saint Maarten
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Money laundering in Canada
In Canada money laundering is a serious issue. The government of Canada has allocated more than $70 million to fight money laundering.
The province of British Columbia announced it is holding a public inquiry into this issue.
References
Organized crime
Types of crime
Money |
10594 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeus | Zeus | Zeus is the god of the sky, lightning and the thunder in Ancient Greek religion and mythology, and ruler of all the gods on Mount Olympus. Zeus is the sixth child of Cronos and Rhea, king and queen of the Titans respectively. His father, Cronos, swallowed his children as soon as they were born for fear of a prophecy which foretold that one of them would overthrow him. When Zeus was born, Rhea hid him in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete, giving Cronos a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes to swallow instead. When Zeus was older he went to free his brothers and sisters; together with their allies, the Hekatonkheires and the Elder Cyclopes, Zeus and his siblings fought against the Titans in a ten-year war known as the Titanomachy. At the end of the war, Zeus took Kronos' scythe and cut him into pieces, throwing his remains into Tartarus. He then became the king of gods.
The supreme deity of the Greek pantheon, Zeus was universally respected and revered throughout Ancient Greece; the ancient Olympic Games were held at the site of Olympia every four years in honor of him. Highly temperamental, Zeus was armed with the mighty thunderbolt, said to be the most powerful weapon among the gods. Zeus was married to his sister, Hera, though he was infamous for his infidelity, taking on an almost innumerable amount of lovers and consorts, both mortal and divine including Karis and Hercules' mother. Zeus was known for throwing thunderbolts at people.
The god of honor and justice, Zeus was the one who both established and enforced law, and served as the standard for kings to follow, ensuring they did not abuse the power of their position. His symbols were the thunderbolt, a sceptre, an oak tree, and the eagle and bull were his sacred animals. His Roman equivalent is Jupiter. Zeus was the strongest Greek god, the ruler of all gods. He also had a lot of children that he was not supposed to have.
Related pages
Tinia - Etruscan mythology version of Zeus
Jupiter - Roman mythology version of Zeus
Indra - Hindu mythology version of Zeus
References
Twelve Olympians |
10595 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20biology | Evolutionary biology | Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology that studies how species start and change over time; or in other words, how species evolve. Someone who studies evolutionary biology is known as an evolutionary biologist.
History
Evolutionary biology became an academic subject as a result of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s. It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that universities had departments which used the term evolutionary biology in their titles.
As a result of the rapid growth of molecular and cell biology, many universities have split their biology departments into molecular and cell biology-style departments and ecology and evolutionary biology-style departments. These have absorbed older departments such as paleontology, zoology, botany and the like.
Related pages
Evolution
Modern evolutionary synthesis
Speciation
Natural selection
References |
10596 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1488 | 1488 |
Births
January 6 – Helius Eobanus Hessus, German Latin poet (d. 1540)
January 20
John George, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian noble (d. 1533)
Sebastian Münster, German scholar, cartographer, and cosmographer (d. 1552)
March 19 – Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (d. 1544)
April 16 – Jungjong of Joseon (d. 1544)
April 21 – Ulrich von Hutten, German religious reformer (d. 1523)
May 1 – Sidonie of Bavaria, eldest daughter of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich (d. 1505)
May 5 – Lê Uy Mục, Eighth king of the later Lê dynasty of Vietnam (d. 1509)
May 7 – John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (d. 1538)
June – Heinrich Glarean, Swiss music theorist (d. 1563)
June 29 – Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Catholic cardinal (d. 1560)
July 15 – Juan Álvarez de Toledo, Catholic cardinal (d. 1557)
October 17 – Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1510)
December 1 – Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, Countess of Wied, German noblewoman (d. 1559)
December 15 – Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria (d. 1550)
date unknown
Rabbi Yosef Karo, Jewish scholar (d. 1575)
Oswald Myconius, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1552)
Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1561)
Thomas of Villanova, Spanish bishop (d. 1555)
Gustav Trolle, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1533)
probable
Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1544)
Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, French soldier (d. 1525)
Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (d. 1568)
Lütfi Pasha, Ottoman statesman (d. 1564)
Deaths
April 14 – Girolamo Riario, Lord of Imola and Forli (b. 1443)
June 11 – King James III of Scotland (b. c. 1451)
July 18 – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
July 28 – Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (at the Battle of St. Aubin-du-Cormier)
September 9 – Francis II, Duke of Brittany (fell from a horse) (b. 1433)
September 13 – Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1434)
October 10 – Andrea del Verrocchio, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1435)
date unknown
John II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1426)
Iizasa Ienao, Japanese swordsman (b. c. 1387) |
10597 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1695 | 1695 | 1695 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
February 6 – Mustafa II (1695–1703) succeeds Ahmed II as Ottoman Emperor.
July 17 – The Bank of Scotland is founded.
Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Gold is discovered in Brazil.
April 17 – Juana de Asbaje |
10598 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1767 | 1767 |
Events
July 2 – Pitcairn Islands discovered (found) by Captain Philip Cartaret in HMS Swallow
Births
March 15 – Andrew Jackson
July 11 – John Quincy Adams |
10599 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848 | 1848 |
Events
February 24 – The February Revolution begins.
Births
February 27 – Hubert Parry, English composer
March 19 – James Otis, American children's writer
June 7 – Paul Gauguin, French painter
Deaths
February 23 – John Quincy Adams
New Books
Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray |
10600 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/222%20BC | 222 BC |
Events
By place
Greece
Cleomenes III is defeated and the Spartan army annihilated by the Achaean League and the Macedonians in the Battle of Sellasia.
Ptolemy IV succeeds his father Ptolemy III as king of Egypt.
Rome
Marcus Claudius Marcellus leads the Romans to victory in the Battle of Clastidium, conquering the area later known as Cisalpine Gaul.
The Romans capture Milan.
Asia
State of Qin conquers the state of Yan and defeats the last defensive forces of the state of Zhao in China .
Deaths
Ptolemy III Euergeter I, king of Egypt
Ctesibius, mathematician
222 BC |
10601 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla%20Firefox | Mozilla Firefox | Mozilla Firefox (branded as Firefox Quantum or simply known as Firefox) is a free and open source web browser which is made by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It works on common operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, Linux and Android. With Firefox, browsing features can be added or removed and users can customize Firefox to fit their needs. This was done to make Firefox safe and simple to use.
On most operating systems, Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to load web pages, which uses up-to-date web standards. However, Firefox for iOS, which was released in late 2015, does not use Gecko due to Apple's restrictions which only allow third-party web browsers to use the WebKit-based layout engine that is built into iOS.
Firefox was created in 2002, under the name "Phoenix" by the Mozilla community members who wanted a standalone browser rather than a bundle of different Mozilla applications. Even in its beta phase, Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft's then-popular Internet Explorer 6. Firefox was released in November 2004 and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months, marking the first time that Internet Explorer's popularity was being challenged. Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator since the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998.
Firefox 3.0
Firefox 3.0, while it was being made, was given the name Gran Paradiso. Like other Firefox development names, "Gran Paradiso" is an actual place; in this case, it is the second-highest mountain group in the Graian Alps.
In 2006, the development team asked people who used Firefox to submit ideas for features in Firefox 3.
NetApplications says that the use of Firefox 3 had been going up quickly to a usage share of 23.75% in September 2009. They believe that this means that Firefox 3 is stable and that users are making it their main browser.
Guinness World record
The date for the launch of Firefox 3 was June 17, 2008, named "Download Day 2008." Firefox was aiming to set the record for most Firefox downloads in 24 hours. As of June 18, 2008, more than 6.88 million people have downloaded Firefox 3.
Many people tried going to the Mozilla website on June 17, making it unavailable for at least a few hours. The site was not updated for the download of Firefox 3 until 12:00 PDT. "Download Day" ended at 11:16 AM PDT June 18. Firefox 3 has been downloaded 28,340,281 different times.
Features
Features include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental find, live bookmarking, Smart Bookmarks, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware browsing (also known as "geolocation") based on a Google service, and an integrated search system.
Add-ons
Extensions
Extensions let a user add new things to the browser or change how it does something. They are created by other users. Because extensions are able to access all parts of the computer that Firefox can, extensions that can harm a computer could be made. However,the extension can only change system settings if you have administrator privileges.
Themes
Firefox also has themes or skinning which change the way the browser looks to the user. Some themes that can make Firefox look like other browsers, such as Internet Explorer and Netscape.
Tabs
Tabbed browsing is a feature used in the browser where many webpages can be opened in one window, with labeled tabs on top to select the webpage. To make a new empty tab, type control-T.
Searching
There is a search box in Firefox that can be seen in the top right corner of the window. When someone using Mozilla Firefox types something in the search box and presses enter, the browser will search the Internet using a search engine like Google or Yahoo!.
There are "search suggestions" in Firefox 2. When words are typed in the search box, suggested words will appear. For example, if "wiki" is typed, the browser will suggest "Wikipedia".
Spell checking
Firefox can use spell checking, if a word is typed badly into a text box, like the one where someone changes a Wikipedia page, the program will underline the word that is spelled wrong with a red line. If you scroll over that word and right click, Mozilla Firefox will list words which use the right spelling. For example: the wrong word "chekc" will have "check" as a suggestion.
Global usage
Firefox's international usage grew to 32% by the end of 2009. After the release of Google Chrome, Firefox's popularity began to decline. , Firefox has between 9% and 16% of worldwide usage as a desktop browser, making it the second most-popular web browser. Firefox continues to be the most popular browser in Cuba, Eritrea, and Germany, with 85.93%, 79.39%, and 38.36% of the market share, respectively. According to Mozilla, there were 170 million Firefox users around the world in December 2017. With Internet Explorer declining, Firefox has reached second place in April 2018 as a desktop browser, behind Google Chrome.
Awards
Mozilla Firefox has been given a number of awards by many organizations. These awards include:
CNET Editors' Choice, June 2008
Webware 100 winner, April 2008
Webware 100 winner, June 2007
PC World 100 Best Products of 2007, May 2007
PC Magazine Editors' Choice, October 2006
CNET Editors' Choice, October 2006
PC World's 100 Best Products of 2006, July 2006
PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award, Software and Development Tools category, January 2006
PC Magazine Best of the Year Award, December 27, 2005
PC Pro Real World Award (Mozilla Foundation), December 8, 2005
CNET Editors' Choice, November 2005
UK Usability Professionals' Association Award Best Software Application 2005, November 2005
Macworld Editor's Choice with a 4.5 Mice Rating, November 2005
Softpedia User's Choice Award, September 2005
TUX 2005 Readers' Choice Award, September 2005
PC World Product of the Year, June 2005
Forbes Best of the Web, May 2005
PC Magazine Editor's Choice Award, May 2005
References
Further reading
Other websites
Firefox Nightly Builds
Firefox ESR Builds
Mozilla Firefox
Web browsers |
10602 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny%20Kravitz | Lenny Kravitz | Leonard Albert "Lenny" Kravitz (born May 26, 1964) is an American actor, rock singer, songwriter and musician. Some of his biggest hit songs include "It Ain't Over Til It's Over", "Again", and "Fly Away". He sung on "(I Can't Make It) Another Day" Michael Jackson's 2010 album Michael. He also wrote and produced the song.
Early life
He is of African-American, Afro-Bahamian and Ashkenazi Jewish (from Russia and Ukraine) descent. His mother, Roxie Roker (1929-1995), was an actress on The Jeffersons in the 1970s and His daughter Zoë Kravitz who is also an actress.
The family of his father Sy Kravitz has Ukrainian roots
Albums
Singles
1989 Let Love Rule
1990 I Build This Garden for Us
1990 Be
1990 Mr. Cab Driver
1990 Does Anybody Out There Even Care
1991 Always on the Run
1991 It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over
1991 Fields of Joy
1991 Stand by My Woman
1991 What the Fuck Are We Saying?
1991 Stop Draggin' Around
1991 What Goes Around Comes Around
1993 Are You Gonna Go My Way
1993 Believe
1993 Heaven Help
1993 Spinning Around Over You
1993 Is There Any Love in Your Heart
1993 The Buddha of Suburbia(with David Bowie)
1994 Deuce
1995 Rock and Roll Is Dead
1995 Circus
1996 Can't Get You Off My Mind
1996 The Resurrection
1998 I Belong to You
1998 If You Can't Say No
1998 Thinking of You
1998 Fly Away
1999 Black Velveteen
1999 American Woman
2000 Again
2001 Dig In
2002 Stillness of Heart
2002 Believe in Me
2002 If I Could Fall in Love
2002 Yesterday Is Gone (My Dear Kay)
2004 Show Me Your Soul(with P. Diddy, Loon and Pharrell)
2004 Where Are We Runnin'?
2004 California
2004 Storm(with Jay-Z)
2005 Calling All Angels
2005 Lady
2005 Breathe
2007 Bring It On
2007 I'll Be Waiting
2008 Love Love Love
2008 Dancin' Til Dawn
2011 Come On Get It
2011 Stand
2011 Rock Star City Life
2011 Black and White America
2011 Push
2012 Superlove
2014 The Chamber
2014 Sex
Related pages
Ukrainian Americans
References
1964 births
Living people
Actors from Manhattan
African American actors
African American musicians
Jewish American actors
Jewish American musicians
American Christians
American drummers
American pianists
American R&B musicians
American rock guitarists
American soul musicians
Musicians from Manhattan
Singer-songwriters from New York City |
10605 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854 | 1854 |
Events
January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is born.
March 20 –The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
June 24 - Franz Liszt shows Franz Schubert's opera Alfonso und Estrella in Weimar. This was thirty-two years after it was composed.
August 9 –Johann succeeds to the throne of Saxony on the death of his brother.
October 6 –The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead in England
November 5 –Crimean War – Battle of Inkerman: The Russians are defeated.
December 3 – Eureka Stockade miner's rebellion, Ballarat, Australia
The French fashion label Louis Vuitton is founded.
Births
January 1 – James George Frazer, Scottish social anthropologist (d. 1941)
March 15 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist, 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
April 29 –Henri Poincaré, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
June 26 –Robert Borden, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)
July 27 –Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
October 3 –William C. Gorgas, American physician and Surgeon General (d. 1920)
October 16 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
November 17 –Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (d. 1934)
December 23 –Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico (d. 1916)
Deaths
February 17 –John Martin, English painter (b. 1789)
April 11 –Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician (b. 1799)
June 7 – Charles Baudin, French admiral (b. 1784)
July 6 –Georg Ohm, German physicist (b. 1789)
August 21 –Thomas Clayton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1777)
September 8 –Angelo Mai, Italian cardinal and philologist (b. 1782)
October 26 –Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, queen consort of Bavaria (b. 1792)
November 25 –John Gibson Lockhart, Scottish writer (b. 1794)
December 9 –Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (b. 1799)
December 15 –Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (b. c. 1814)
New books
Charles Dickens – Hard Times
Fanny Fern – Ruth Hall
Nathaniel Hawthorne – Mosses from an Old Manse
Caroline Lee Hentz – The Planter's Northern Bride
Alfred Tennyson – "The Charge of the Light Brigade"
Henry David Thoreau – Walden, or Life in the Woods
Leo Tolstoy – Boyhood |
10606 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900 | 1900 | 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian Calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday in the Julian Calendar. It was the last year of the 19th century.
Art, music, theatre, literature
May 17 – The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum is published.
Events
February 9 – The Boers defeat the British at Ladysmith, South Africa.
The Olympic Games took place in Paris.
Births
March 29 – John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
April 16 – Polly Adler, Russian writer (d. 1962)
April 26 – Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
June 17 – Martin Bormann, Nazi-German politician (d. 1945)
August 4 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen of George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
October 7 – Heinrich Himmler, Nazi official (d. 1945)
November 14 – Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
Deaths
June 5 – Stephen Crane, American writer (b. 1871)
August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and writer (b. 1844)
November 22 – Sir Arthur Sullivan. English composer (b. 1842)
November 30 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854) |
10607 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdbox | Birdbox | A birdbox is a human-made, usually wooden box used as a house for birds. It is suitable as a bird home because it is similar to a natural bird home, such as a hollow tree, and birds often make nests inside birdboxes. Birdboxes are often put on trees. They are often made by people who are fond of birds, but they are also useful for studying birds. For domesticated birds, birdboxes are often used for breeding.
Most birdboxes feature a simple design with of six planks ordered in a cube, with a hole in a wall where birds can go in and out. Common additions include a small stick outside the hole on which birds can sit on, and a sloping roof to make rainwater run off. Some can however be highly detailed and decorated, depending on the maker's preferences. They can also be made from things like logs or gourds. They come in many sizes, depending on the size of the bird type the box is made for. Most birdboxes are small, but some, such as ones made for owls or parrots, can be quite large.
Although birdboxes are intended for birds, many other animals can inhabit them as well. Examples include bees that make beehives inside them, and squirrels.
Images
Videos
Birds |
10610 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accent | Accent | An accent is the way a person speaks.
Some people pronounce words differently. A lot of the time, different countries that speak the same language pronounce the same words in a different way. Usually they can understand each-other, but they will notice that they sound a little different.
Sometimes, people will talk about someone's accent. They might say that the person has a German accent, or an Australian accent. An accent is the way you say the words. If you notice someone has (for example) a British accent, you can understand them (you know what they are saying), but also know they came from Britain.
The way a person says words usually comes from where the person was a child (where they "grew up", or their "home town") and the other people where the person lives. People learn how to say words and sentences and so they sound the same people near them when they speak.
People speaking the same language can have different accents. Even people in the same country can have different accents. Sometimes people can tell what city someone lived in when they were a child by the way that person speaks. One example is a New York City accent. They might say "bwoll" () instead of ball (normally in America), like used in sports and games; or they might say "hwot dwog" () instead of hot dog (normally or in that country). It sounds different, but people still know they mean "ball" or "hot dog" when they're talking.
When first trying to learn a new language, often a person will still have the old accent from their first language. That often allows other people to guess which country or place that person lived in before.
If someone can learn another language well enough, someone may not have the old accent anymore and may get a new accent in the new language. If someone studied German in Austria, for example, people in Germany may think that person was Austrian.
Sometimes it can be confusing for people learning a language if there are more than one common accents. If you're learning English but hear a mix of British, American, Canadian and Australian people and people from Singapore and India often, like in your school or on the Internet, it might confuse you when you hear them say the same sounds or words differently. Sometimes, people think it's better to learn the language with one accent so you can be less confused, and when you're good enough at the language, you can start to tell the different accents different people from different countries have.
References
Language |
10623 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Braille | Louis Braille | Louis Braille (4 January 1809 - 6 January 1852) was a French inventor. He was born in Coupvray. He invented the script braille system, which helps blind people to read. Braille is read by passing one's fingers over characters made up of an arrangement of one to six embossed points. It has been adapted to almost every known language.
Braille was the child of a leather maker. He was the youngest of four children. He had three older siblings, two sisters and a brother. He became blind at the age of three. He accidentally stuck a stitching awl into one eye while he was in his father's workshop. There were no antibiotics and soon his injured eye was infected. It spread to his other eye and soon, he became blind in both eyes. He went to the Royal Institute of Blind Youth at the age of 10. Braille was a good student, especially when it came to science and music. Later he became a church organist. He was also a teacher at the Institute of Blind Youth. Braille died in Paris at the age of 43 of tuberculosis.
References
1809 births
1852 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
Disease-related deaths in Paris
French inventors
Braille |
10624 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsupial | Marsupial | Marsupials are the main part of an infraclass of mammals called the Metatheria. This consists of the marsupials and their extinct ancestors. There are about 320 different species.
Reproduction
Marsupials give birth to living young. The young are called joeys. The joeys feed on milk. They are born very small.
Marsupials have a special pouch where they carry their joeys. After the birth the joey goes into its mother's pouch, where it can drink milk and is kept warm and safe. When the joeys are young they stay in the pouch all the time, but when they are older they can leave it for short times. When they are old enough and too big for the pouch they do not go into their mother's pouch anymore.
Biogeography
Marsupials evolved before the southern supercontinent Gondwana broke off from Pangaea 100 million years ago. Early marsupial fossils have been found in Asia, from 125 million years ago.
They were outcompeted on Laurasia by placental mammals, but the placentals did not get into the Australasian part of Gondwana before it broke away into a separate supercontinent. That is why marsupials now found native only on the southern continents of Australasia and South and Central America, with the single exception of the Virginia opossum.
Some of the 100 living species of South American marsupials have migrated north: 13 species to Central America and one to North America.
There are 334 species of living Australasian marsupials. They are mostly in Australia and New Guinea, and some are on the smaller islands.
In more recent times the land bridge between the Americas, and reintroductions to Australia, have brought in placental mammals. They have caused the recent extinction of many marsupial species.
List of Marsupials
Australasia
Bandicoots
Kangaroos
Koalas
Tasmanian Devil
Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger)
Wallabies
Wombats
Thingodonta
The extinct genus Yalkaparidon (Order Yalkaparidontia) is a bizarre fossil found in the Oligocene/Miocene deposits of Riversleigh, NE Australia. Its teeth are so strange that palaeontologists call it a 'Thingodont'.
South America
Opossums
Shrew opossums
Monito del Monte
No longer marsupial
The borhyaenids and the sabertooth Thylacosmilus are no longer considered to be marsupials. They are sparassodont metatherians, the sister group of the marsupials.
Related pages
Great American Interchange
Monotreme
References |
10625 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20J.%20Thomas | B. J. Thomas | Billy Joe "BJ" Thomas (August 7, 1942 – May 29, 2021) was an American country singer-songwriter. Thomas was born in Hugo, Oklahoma.
His most famous songs are "Hooked upon a feeling" and "Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head", which was in the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. He sang throughout the 1970s. He changed to Christian music in the 1980s. He won a Grammy Award for every year between 1977 until 1981.
In March 2021, Thomas announced that he was diagnosed with stage-4 lung cancer. He died from the disease on May 29, 2021 in Arlington, Texas at the age of 78.
References
1942 births
Singers from Oklahoma
Christian music singers
American country singers
Grammy Award winners
Deaths from lung cancer
2021 deaths
American singer-songwriters
Writers from Oklahoma
American gospel singers
American pop singers |
10632 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws%20of%20war | Laws of war | The Laws of war are some simple rules or international law which most people accept about fighting out of humanitarianism. Many people think that because there is fighting, there should be no rules. This is called "total war". However, laws of war have been made so that wars do not get worse than they need to be.
Anything marked as a hospital, an ambulance, a doctor, or a first aid person are not to be attacked. Those places, vehicles, and people should not have weapons.
Anyone who is a member of a neutral power is not to be a target of violence unless the said person is committing or intending to commit a hostile act.
Anyone fighting in the war has to wear a uniform. They can only wear the uniform of their side. Also they have to carry their weapons out in the open where they can be seen.
Anyone carrying or waving a plain white flag or piece of cloth must not be attacked. That person should also not attack anyone. They may want to surrender, or just talk about ways to solve the problem without more fighting.
Any enemy soldier captured must be treated fairly as a prisoner of war.
Religious buildings such as churches, mosques, and temples are to be protected at all costs.
Occupied territory should be governed fairly and not looted or devastated.
Where the laws come from
These laws come from various treaties. Some of these treaties are:
The Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856. It abolished privateering
The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 1864
The St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868. It bans ammunition of less that 400 grams weight. It also bans ammunition with Fulminates in them, or with inflammable substances. Through this convention, it is no longer allowed to use ammunition that falls apart into fragments, that burns, or explodes for small arms. Such ammunition can still be used in autocannon or artillery though.
The Hague Conventions of 1898 and 1907
Various other Geneva Conventions
The Charter of the United Nations
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. This bans certain types of weapons (like some landmines, weapons with fragmenting ammunition, incendiary devices and blinding laser weapons)
War
International law |
10648 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra | Maharashtra | Maharashtra is the name of a state in India. Its language is Marathi. It is the fourth biggest state of India by area and second biggest state in India based on population. Only one Indian state has more people (Uttar Pradesh). Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra. (The name Mumbai comes from the original name of the city, Mumba puri.) Pune is the cultural and educational capital.
Geography
Maharashtra is in the west part of India. It is on the coast of the Arabian Sea. Six other states of India have borders with Maharashtra. It covers an area of . It is bigger than Italy, but smaller than Oman. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the West Indian zone.
Maharashtra has more business than any other one state of India.
There are some well-known cave monuments like Ajanta and Ellora. The first oil mill is in Mumbai.Some of the crops grown in Maharashtra are Bajra, Jowar, Rice, Wheat, etc. The neighbouring States are Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa, and Chhattisgarh. A famous dish in Maharashtra is Pithla Bhakri.
Culture
Most people in Maharashtra are Hindus and you can see it in the culture of Maharashtra. There are many temples in Maharashtra and some of them are very old. The architecture of these temples is a mixture of architecture from North and South India. The temples also have ideas from Hindu, Buddhist and Jain cultures. Maharashtra has many forts like Raigad and Pratapgad which were very important in the early history of the Maratha Empire and also sea forts like the one at Sindhudurg.
Music
The folk music of Maharashtra is mixed.Famous dance form in Maharashtra is lavni
An early piece of Marathi literature is Bhawarthadeepika (known as Dnyaneshwari) by Dnyaneshwar. The religious songs called bhajans by Dnyaneshwar, Tukaram, Namdev,chokhamela,Savta Mali are very popular. Modern Marathi literature also has some great poets and authors likeJyotirao Govindrao Phule,Savitribai Jyotirao Phule,Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Anna Bhau Sathe, Namdev Dhasal, M.M. Deshmukh,P. L. Deshpande, Kusumagraj, Prahlad Keshav Atre, and Vyankatesh Madgulkar. Many books are published every year in Marathi.
The theater, movies, and television in Maharashtra are mostly made in Mumbai, and the actors in each area (like television) can work in the others. Some important people in the movie industry are Dadasaheb Phalke, Dada Kondke, Ashok Saraf, Laxmikant Berde, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Mahesh Kothare and V. Shantaram. Early Marathi theatre had important playwrights (people who write plays) like Kolhatkar, Khadilkar, Deval, Gadkari and Kirloskar. They wrote musical plays called Sangeet Naatak. The music from those plays is called Natyasangeet. Important actors at this time were Bal Gandharva, Keshavrao Bhosle, Bhaurao Kolhatkar, and Dinanath Mangeshkar.
Some of the popular Marathi television channels are Mi Marathi and ETV Marathi. They have many kinds of shows: soap operas, cooking, travel, political satire, and game shows.
Food
The food of Maharashtra is different in each place. The people in the Konkan region eat more rice and the ones near the ocean eat a lot of fish. In eastern Maharashtra, most people eat a lot of wheat, jowar, and bajra. Other important things people eat in Maharashtra are lentils, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, chilies, garlic, ginger, and aamras. Many people also eat chicken and mutton.
In the past, women wore a long sari and men wore a dhoti or pajama with a shirt. Today, women in the cities often wear other clothes like Salwar kameez (dresses from the Punjab), and men in the cities wear trousers and a shirt.
Cricket is very popular in Maharashtra. Many people play it and many others watch it. Kabaddi is also popular. Children play Viti-Dandu and Pakada-pakadi (Tag).
Hindus in Maharashtra follow the Saka era calendar. Gudi Padwa, Diwali, Rangapanchami, Gokulashtami, and Ganeshotsav are some of the festivals that are celebrated in Maharashtra. Ganeshotsav is the biggest festival. The Hindus celebrate it with reverence and festivity in Maharashtra and it has also become popular in other parts of India. The festival which lasts ten days is in honor of Ganesha, the Hindu god of learning and knowledge.
Provincial symbols of Maharashtra
National parks
There are some national park as:
Chandoli National Park (2004), Chandoli National Park is natural World Heritage Site and 317.67 km² National Park spread overSatara, Kolhapur and Sangli District, Maharashtra state, India, established in May 2004. Earlier it was a Wildlife Sanctuary declared in 1985
Gugamal National Park (1975), has an area of 1673.93 square kilometers. Built in 1974, this park is located in Chikhaldara and Dharni Tehsils of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India. It is part of Melghat Tiger Reserve.
Navegoan National park (1975), Navegaon National Park is a national park located in the Gondia district of Maharashtra, India. Navegaon, a popular forest resort in the Vidarbha region, the easternmost part of Maharashtra, was built in the 18th century
Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park (1983), Sanjay Gandhi National Park, formerly Borivali National Park, is a large protected area in the northern part of Mumbai city in Maharashtra State in India. Address: Mumbai, Maharashtra 400101 Area: 103.8 km²
Todoba National Park (1955), Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in central India. It is notable as Maharashtra's oldest and largest national park. It is one of India's 50 "Project Tiger" - tiger reserves. Address: Chandrapur, Maharashtra 442401 Area: 625.4 km²
Other websites
Maharashtra -Citizendium |
10655 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Best | Pete Best | Randolph Peter Best or Pete Best (born Randolph Peter Scanland; 24 November 1941) was The Beatles's original drummer. He was born on 24 November 1941 in Madras, India to an Indian mother and an English father. His mother, Mona, later owned the Casbah Club in Liverpool, where The Beatles would sometimes perform. Best was drummer for the group from 1960 until 16 August 1962, when the band and their new manager, Brian Epstein, fired him and replaced him with Ringo Starr. The reason was because when the band auditioned for EMI, record producer George Martin was not satisfied with Best's drum skills, and planned to replace him on their recordings.
Best was devastated, and tried to form other bands with little success. He attempted suicide in 1965. He went on to work as a civil servant. In 1995, when The Beatles released their Anthology albums, which featured Best on some recordings, he received a large sum of money from the sales. He also found a new career, appearing at Beatles-related events such as conventions, where he sometimes played drums, with more skill than he showed in earlier days.
when he was kicked from the Beatles he was devastated and later tried to comit suicide.
1941 births
Living people
English drummers
Musicians from Liverpool
People from Chennai
The Beatles members |
10656 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionne%20Quintuplets | Dionne Quintuplets | The Dionne Quintuplets were the first quintuplets (five babies born at the same time from the same mother) to survive after being born. They were born in Ontario, Canada on May 28, 1934 to Elzire and Oliva Dionne. They were:
Annette
Cecile
Emilie (died on August 6, 1954 from an epilepsy seizure)
Marie (died on February 27, 1970 from a blood clot in the brain)
Yvonne (died on June 23, 2001 from cancer)
The babies were delivered by Dr. Allan Roy Dafoe, who later was given custody of the girls by the Canadian government and the Ontario government housed them in a special theme park-like area, just across the street from the house their parents and 6 other siblings lived in. At one time 6,000 people visited Quintland each day to see the sisters, they also had dolls made out of them, and appeared in commercials for products like corn syrup and Quaker oats like oatmeal. Then in 1943, the girls' father, Oliva, finally got custody of them again and the girls moved back to live with their real family. Dr. Dafone died soon after that. The girls later claimed their father abused them. In 1998 the surviving sisters sued the government of Ontario for being exploited as kids and were rewarded 4 million Canadian dollars.
1934 births
People from Ontario |
10677 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%27s%20Well%20That%20Ends%20Well | All's Well That Ends Well | All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. It was based on a story in Boccaccio's Decameron. The date All's Well was written is uncertain, but it was probably written between 1600 and 1603. It was probably first performed about 1602-1603, and probably first printed in the First Folio of 1623. The play is about Helena's love for the unresponsive Bertram.
References
All's Well That Ends Well
Plays by William Shakespeare |
10707 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fag | Fag | Fag can mean different things:
Cigarette (British slang)
Faggot (slang), a slang term for a homosexual man
Fag, a term in schools like Eton College, for a younger boy who acts as the servant of an older boy. |
10713 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20%28title%29 | Christ (title) | In Christianity, the Christ (; ) is a title for the savior and redeemer who would bring salvation to the Jewish people and mankind. Christ is the Greek translation of the Hebrew title Messiah (; anointed one), the figure promised by God to the Jewish people and mankind for the salvation of the world. Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is the Jewish Messiah called Christ of the Christian Old Testament and fulfilled the messianic prophecies of Christian tradition. Christ, used by Christians both as a name and as a title, is synonymous with Jesus.
Related pages
Christology
References
Christology
2 |
10722 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Bale | Christian Bale | Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor. He is from Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire. Bale is best known for playing Batman in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy. He began in a movie of Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun. He also played in American Psycho and The Machinist. In 2010, Bale won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for his performance in The Fighter. He played Dick Cheney in the biopic movie Vice, and won another Golden Globe Award. He is married to Sandra Blažić since 2000 and they have two children together.
Other websites
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors who played Batman
1974 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Satellite Award winners
Saturn Award winners |
10744 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Clapton | Eric Clapton | Eric Patrick Clapton (born 30 March 1945, in The Green, Ripley, Surrey, England) is an English guitarist, singer and composer. Clapton is the son of a sixteen-year-old, Patricia Clapton, and Edward Fryer, a Canadian soldier stationed in England. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 2 on its list of Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003.
Early years
Eric Patrick Clapton was born in Ripley, Surrey, England on March 30, 1945. Clapton's father, who already had a wife, returned to Canada after World War II. His mother, was not able to bear the shame of raising an illegitimate child (a child of unmarried parents) in post-war Britain. She left Clapton with his grandparents Jack and Rose Clapp (Clapton by her first marriage) and moved to Germany where she married another Canadian soldier. Clapton was raised believing his mother was his sister. His grandmother did not tell him the truth until he was nine years old.
A polite and well-behaved boy, the young Clapton was an above-average student, though in 1956 he failed the eleven-plus and went to St. Bedes Secondary Modern School. Two years later however, he passed the review and went to 13-plus on the strength of his art accomplishment and got a scholarship to a school in Tolworth, near Surbiton. He liked art very much. He wanted to learn to play the guitar after watching Jerry Lee Lewis on television. Clapton's obsession with playing blues music caused him to be expelled from Kingston College of Art because he was playing the guitar in class.
Working as a labourer to pay his way, Clapton spent most of his free time playing his electric guitar. Eventually he joined a local band, The Roosters. He later joined Casey Jones And The Engineers with fellow band member Tom McGuiness. In 1963, Clapton was asked to join The Yardbirds. It was in the Yardbirds that he earned his nickname of 'Slowhand'. The name came from his forceful string-bending that often caused broken guitar strings. He would replace the strings on stage while the crowd slowly clapped their hands.
After about 18 months with the Yardbirds, musical differences led Clapton to move on to John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, where his talent grew even more. It was at this part in his career that Eric's fans started using the phrase Clapton is God.
Cream
In mid-1966 he left the Bluesbreakers, whose members had grown to include Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page. The band he formed with bassist Jack Bruce and drummer Ginger Baker would become Eric's best-known band, and rock's first-ever supergroup, Cream. Cream became the "pre-eminent (best) rock trio of the Sixties"; the name came from its members being among the top session musicians in England. They played both their own songs ("Strange Brew", "Sunshine Of Your Love", "White Room") and cover versions of other people's songs ("I'm So Glad"). Like his contemporary Jimi Hendrix, Clapton helped to pioneer the use of the wah-wah pedal. He played a famous guitar called The Fool. He also developed what he called the "woman tone" on his guitar and used it to great effect. For instance, at one point during the song "Tales of Brave Ulysses", he combines the woman tone with feedback (overdriven amplifier) to create a unique sound.
Clapton became friends with Beatle George Harrison, who asked him to play guitar on "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", for 1968's "White Album". Clapton also played on John Lennon's "Yer Blues", in a filmed performance.
While Cream were popular and had several hit records, problems between Baker and Bruce, and the increasing drug use of all three caused tensions that eventually broke the band up in 1969. George Harrison teamed with Clapton, to write and record "Badge" for Cream's final album.
Clapton played again with John Lennon and his new wife Yoko Ono, as a member of the Plastic Ono Band. He appeared with them onstage in Toronto that September, and played guitar on "Cold Turkey", Lennon's song about heroin addiction. At that time, the Beatles were getting ready to break up. Lennon thought about asking Clapton to join his and Ono's new band, but decided not to have a permanent lineup.
1970's
Clapton and Baker joined with Rick Grech and Steve Winwood to form Blind Faith. Blind Faith lasted only a few months, and released one album. After Blind Faith broke up, Clapton formed another band, called Derek and the Dominos. Their most popular song was "Layla". He performed a concert at the Rainbow Theatre in London on 13 January 1973, thanks to his friend Pete Townshend of The Who. He started work on a new album, 461 Ocean Blvd, which was released July 1974.
The inspiration for "Layla" was fashion model Pattie Boyd. She was married to Clapton's friend, George Harrison. Clapton was in love with Boyd. He was not happy because he could not be with her because she was married to his friend. In time, Boyd and Harrison grew apart, and Clapton and Boyd got together. They married in May 1979. All three remained friends, and Clapton and Harrison called themselves "husbands-in-law", though for some years afterwards, the friendship between them was understandably strained. Clapton and Boyd were divorced in 1989, after they also grew apart.
1990's
Following the death of his four-year-old son Conor, who fell from a window of a 53rd-floor New York apartment owned by his mother's friend on March 20 1991, Clapton arrived at the apartment shortly after the accident. Clapton's grief was expressed in the song "Tears in Heaven", which was featured on his Unplugged album and for the 1991 Rush film soundtrack. The song was Clapton's best-selling single in the United States and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100. It won three Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, Song of the Year, and Record of the Year. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked "Tears in Heaven" 362nd on the magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Later years
Along with his drug problems, Clapton had trouble with alcohol, sometimes drinking a whole bottle or more of liquor in a day. In the 1990s, he was finally able to stop drinking alcohol. He also found out more about his father, who had died, and about a half-brother (by his mother) he had never met, who was mentally challenged and lived in a hospital.
Clapton is still making music and performing, sometimes with other musicians such as B.B. King.
Clapton also enjoys fishing at Eastlodge fishing.
Bands with Eric Clapton
The Roosters
Casey Jones & the Engineers
Yardbirds
John Mayall's Bluesbreakers
Cream
Blind Faith
Plastic Ono Band
Derek and the Dominoes
References
Other websites
Official website
Eric Clapton at The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
1945 births
Living people
Blues guitarists
English rock composers
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
Musicians from Surrey
Singers from Surrey
Warner Bros. Records artists |
10745 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos%20Aires | Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city in the South American country of Argentina.
Buenos Aires city is also known as Capital Federal to differentiate the city from the Buenos Aires Province.
Until 1994 Buenos Aires city was under the presidential government, but after a constitutional reform in that year, the city became self-governed, allowing citizens to elect their city authorities.
Population
Buenos Aires has a population of 3,040,000 inhabitants. Spanish is the main language, but English is widely spoken and understood well. Italian is also widespread.
Climate
Buenos Aires has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa). The average temperature is 17 °C. During the 20th century the temperature went up because of the urbanization. Rainfall is 1222.6 mm. per year. Summers are hot and humid. Winters are mild, the highest medium temperature is 13.7 °C during this season. Temperature rarely reaches 0 °C or below. Fog is frequent. Snow is extremely rare, and falls once or twice in a century.
Neighborhoods
Buenos Aires is divided into 48 neighborhoods. Most populated areas are:
Palermo: Located in the northeast of the city, it also is the largest neighborhood in Buenos Aires. Some parts of Palermo are highly touristic: Bosques de Palermo (Palermo Woods), Palermo Soho, Palermo Hollywood
Caballito: This mostly residential neighborhood is located in the geographical centre of the city.
Recoleta: Recoleta is one of the most wealthy neighborhoods in Buenos Aires. Recoleta Cemetery is located there.
Tourism
Buenos Aires is the most visited city in South America. The most touristic areas are the historical center, Palermo, Recoleta and San Telmo.
Historical Center / Plaza de Mayo: It is the historical place of the foundation of the city. On Plaza de Mayo, many interesting buildings can be found : Cabildo (where the colonial government was), Cathedral, Casa Rosada (current Government Palace).
San Telmo is one of the most ancient neighborhoods in Buenos Aires. It used to be a very expensive area. But in the 18th Century, an epidemic made people move to Recoleta area, farther from the river.
Recoleta: In this neighborhood, there are many beautiful Palaces from the 19th Century. Tourists also visit Recoleta Cemetery where many political figures are buried. One famous person buried in Recoleta Cemetery is political woman Eva Perón.
Palermo: Palermo is divided in several sub-areas. Palermo Soho is full of designers and clothing shops. Palermo Hollywood is the gastronomical heart of Buenos Aires.
Boedo: Classical and very interesting tango and literature historical district. A remarkable episode in the Argentine literature's history is the social and literary dialogue between the Florida Group, named this way because its members used to meet up at the Richmond Cafeteria at Florida street and publish their work in the Martin Fierro magazine, like Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Marechal, Antonio Berni (artist), among others, versus the Boedo Group of Roberto Arlt, Manzi and other writers and artists. They used to meet together at the Japanese Cafe and published their works with the Editorial Claridad, with both the cafe and the publisher located at the Boedo Avenue.
Wikimania
The fifth Wikimania was hosted in this city in 2009.
References
Other websites
Google Maps Satellite city View
Palo Santo Buenos Aires Guide
Buenos Aires Travel Guide
english.buenosaires.com - Tourism Portal
Official Tourism Website (English, Spanish, Portuguese and guides in ten different languages including Chinese, Japanese, French, German, Italian, etc.)
Online newspapers
The Buenos Aires Herald Online edition of a local English language newspaper
La Nación
Infobae
La Prensa
Clarín |
10747 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon%20B.%20Johnson | Lyndon B. Johnson | Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often called by his initials LBJ, was an American politician. He was the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Before becoming president, he was the 37th vice president of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He became president when President John F. Kennedy was killed in November 1963. He was also a U.S. representative, U.S. senator, and the Senate's Majority Leader. He was a Democrat.
Johnson was born in Stonewall, Texas. Before he became a politician, he was a high school teacher. In 1937, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1948, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, then became its majority leader in 1954. In 1960, he ran for president, but did not win the Democratic nomination. He was then chosen to become the running mate of Senator John F. Kennedy, and the Kennedy-Johnson ticket won.
On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was killed in Dallas, Texas. Johnson then became the next president of the United States. In 1964, Johnson was elected president, defeating his opponent, Senator Barry Goldwater, in a landslide. He received 61.1% of the popular vote.
As president, Johnson created the Great Society. It was a series of programs created to help the American people. They involved expanding civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education and the arts, urban and rural development, and public services. He passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. His personal beliefs on the issue of civil rights, however, put him against other white, southern Democrats. He also wanted to make poor Americans' lives better by launching the "War on Poverty." He continued President Kennedy's space program, expanding the Apollo program. He also enacted the Higher Education Act of 1965, creating federal student loans. Johnson also signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which was the basis for U.S. immigration policy today.
In foreign policy, Johnson's presidency prioritized stopping the expansion of Marxist-Leninist governments. In 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. This made the U.S. become more involved in the Vietnam War. More American soldiers were being sent to Vietnam, and as the war continued, American deaths went up along with deaths of Vietnamese civilians. In 1968, the Tet Offensive happened, which made the public start to dislike the war. Many people wanted the U.S. military to no longer be in Vietnam.
During his presidency the American political landscape changed a lot, as white southerners who supported the Democrats started to support the Republican Party and African-Americans began supporting the Democratic Party. Because of his domestic agenda, Johnson's presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism in the United States. Although Johnson started his presidency popular, he lost popularity due to the Vietnam War and ongoing social unrest.
In the 1968 presidential election, he ended his run for another term as president after he did not do well in the New Hampshire primary. The election was eventually won by Republican candidate Richard Nixon. Johnson returned to his Texas ranch and remained private until he died of a heart attack in 1973.
Historians and scholars rank Johnson very well because of his domestic policies which progressed civil rights, health care, and welfare. However, he receives strong criticism for his role in escalating the Vietnam War, which resulted in the deaths of 58,220 American service members, dropping over 7.5 million tons of explosives over Vietnam, and the use of the noxious herbicide Agent Orange.
Early life
Johnson was born in Texas. His father was a politician who had worked for the Texas state government. As a young adult, he was a teacher. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1937, then to the Senate in 1948. He won the Senate election by just 87 votes.
Political career
In the Senate, Johnson very quickly became powerful and in 1955 became leader of the Senate and was the youngest to have ever held that position. He started great programs for the public. It helped that he knew the other Senators well and could often persuade them to support his ideas. In 1960, he ran for President, but during the contest to see who the Democrats would support, he lost to John F. Kennedy. Johnson was then selected by Kennedy as the candidate Vice President. Kennedy narrowly won the election and Johnson became Vice President. Like most vice presidents, Johnson did not like the job. It gave him too little power.
Lyndon B. Johnson was well known as someone who could persuade other lawmakers in Congress to pass laws. To gain more support for his ideas, he often arm-twisted other politicians (meaning he would threaten them if they didn't agree with him).
Presidency, 1963–69
Johnson took over as President after Kennedy was assassinated. He finished Kennedy's term as president then in 1964 he ran for re-election and won easily against Barry Goldwater. Johnson won 61.1% of the vote. This is the highest percentage of the vote ever won by someone running for President since 1820.
Johnson began a "war on poverty". He created the Great Society (a series of government programs intended to improve the living standards of the country). These programs include public broadcasting, protecting the environment, Medicare (health care for the elderly), Medicaid ([health care for the poor). He supported civil rights for African Americans and continued where Kennedy left off in giving them freedom. The Voting Rights Act in 1965 gave the government powers to stop them from being denied the right to vote. Compared to Kennedy's weak relationship with Congress, Johnson was able to convince politicians to support some of the same policies which they opposed under Kennedy.
At the same time, Johnson increased the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War. Johnson increased the number of soldiers in Vietnam from 16,000 to 500,000 in order to stop the Viet Cong (the Communist rebels in South Vietnam). As the years passed, Johnson became more and more unpopular as the war kept on going without an end in sight. By 1968, almost 1000 American soldiers were being killed in Vietnam every month and the enemy still had not been defeated. In March 1968, Johnson said he would not run for re-election.
Post-presidency, 1969–73
Johnson's time as president ended on January 20, 1969. He went back to Texas to live on his ranch in Stonewall. He began smoking cigarettes again for the first time since 1955, and his health quickly declined. He began suffering heart attacks which later resulted in his death.
Death, funeral and legacy
Johnson died at his ranch on January 22, 1973, at age 64 after having a heart attack. Johnson had a state funeral, and the final services took place on January 25. The funeral took place at the National City Christian Church in Washington, D.C.
Despite the disaster in Vietnam, Johnson is still thought of as being a good president by historians because of what he achieved with civil rights. In 1973, the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston was renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
References
Other websites
Lyndon B. Johnson's White House biography
1908 births
1973 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People of the Vietnam War
Presidents of the United States
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
Time People of the Year
1960 United States presidential candidates
1964 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from Texas
United States senators from Texas
US Democratic Party politicians
Vice Presidents of the United States
20th-century American politicians |
10754 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church | Catholic Church | The Catholic Church is the largest Christian church in the world. It has over one billion members, and is the world's largest religious group. Its members believe that Jesus Christ started the Catholic Church 2,000 years ago. The Church’s headquarters are in the Vatican City.
The word "catholic" comes from the Greek word "katholicos", which means "universal." That word was first used in the Nicene Creed. Often, the word "Roman" is added before “Catholic” because Vatican City, where the Church has its headquarters, is a country inside of Rome, Italy. Members of the Catholic Church call themselves Catholics.
Almost half of all Catholics are in Latin America. The continent with the second-largest number of Catholics is Europe. Millions of Catholics live in other places all over the world.
The Catholic Church is led by the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, who lives in Vatican City. According to Catholics, the Church is guided by the Holy Spirit, who also guides the Pope. The Church teaches that the Pope cannot be wrong when he when speaks officially on the subject of Catholic faith and morals. The Popes have only used this infallibility very rarely, but have done so throughout history. Examples include the Tome of St. Leo, the declaration of the Immaculate Conception, and various anathemas (religious condemnations issued by the Popes against certain heresies).
The Catholic Church teaches that the first Pope was Saint Peter, who was a disciple of Jesus Christ. The current pope is Pope Francis.
Faith and morals
Like other Christians, Catholics believe Jesus is a divine person, the Son of God. They believe that because of his love for all people, he died so that all people will live forever in heaven.
The Catholic Church also recognizes the Trinity; that the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are together the only God.
The Pope
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church is called the Pope, which literally means "father". Catholics say Jesus Christ established the Catholic Church, and appointed the first Pope, a disciple of his named Saint Peter, to lead all Christians.
Over the last 2,000 years, different Popes have led the church. The current Pope is the 266th and is called Francis and he lives in the Vatican City, a very small country inside the city of Rome, Italy.
For centuries, Popes have not used their birth names, but instead use a regnal name. This custom started in the sixth century when a man named Mercury was elected Pope, it was seen as inappropriate to have a Pope named after a pagan god so he named himself John II, in honor of his predecessor, John I; it became customary in the tenth century. Since the death of Marcellus II 1555, every Pope has taken a Papal name.
The Catholic Church is made of 23 "particular churches", otherwise known as rites. As well as being head of the Latin Rite of the church (which is the largest with over 1 billion members), the Pope is ultimately the leader of 22 Eastern Catholic Churches, these churches are of the Orthodox tradition of Christianity and it is often the case that they have broken away from their Orthodox mother church to come into communion with (join) the Pope and submit to his authority as successor of St. Peter. The Eastern Catholic Churches are based all over the world, from the United States to the Middle East to India.
The exercise of infallibility takes several forms (see Catechism of the Catholic Church, no. 890-891, citing Lumen Gentium, 25). One form is exercised by the Pope when speaking ex cathedra (literally, “from the chair” of St. Peter, in his authority as pope) on matters of faith or morals, even if he does so without the support of the bishops. This is an exercise of the Extraordinary Magisterium of the Church. While the pope has always held the power to exercise the Extraordinary Magisterium by speaking ex cathedra, the actual occurrence of an ex cathedra statement is quite rare. It is generally understood to have only occurred twice: Pope Pius IX’s definition of the dogma of Mary’s Immaculate Conception in 1854 and Pope Pius XII’s definition of the dogma of Mary’s Assumption in 1950. In both of these cases, the Pope was not teaching something new. Rather, he was confirming and clarifying something that the Church had already believed as part of God’s revelation.
Worship practices
Some of the traditional practices of Roman Catholics carried out each time they pray at home or at Church include making the sign of the cross, kneeling, and bowing.
Their main ceremony is the Mass. Catholics are normally required to go to amass on Sundays and on Holy Days of Obligation. In the United States, the Holy Days of Obligation are: Mary, Mother of God (January 1), The Assumption of Mary (August 15), The Immaculate Conception (of Mary) (December 8), The Ascension of Jesus (40 days after Easter), Christmas (December 25) and All Saints Day (November 1). The taking of the Eucharist is the height of the Mass.
Catholics worship Jesus. They also venerate the Virgin Mary more than other Christians, calling her the "Mother of God," based on Elizabeth's greeting, "And why is this granted me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?" and also on the belief that all Christians hold that Jesus is fully man and fully God at the same time. Yet, Mary, who has nothing to do with the Divine, was chosen as the human vessel God would use to enter into the world. It is important to note that Catholics do not worship Mary. Instead, they honor her as one honors a Queen. This type of honor is called hyperdulia.
An important Catholic prayer is the Rosary. This prayer is done with Rosary beads used to count each prayer. The Rosary is made up of five decades, each decade being made up of 1 Our Father, 10 Hail Marys, and 1 Glory Be, as well as saying the Sacred Mysteries. It is made up of passages taken from scripture. It is recommended by the clergy to continue the very old practice of praying the Rosary daily, as it has not only many powerful requests but is made up of words taken directly from scripture, like the Lord's Prayer (Our Father) and the Hail Mary. The Rosary is not complete unless one thinks about the passion of Christ while praying out loud. In addition, the clergy (bishops, priests, and deacons) must pray the Divine Office.
Sacraments
The Catholic Church celebrates seven sacraments. A sacrament is "an outward sign instituted (started) by Christ to give grace" (a supernatural gift of God that someone did nothing to deserve).
The seven sacraments are: Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders and Holy Matrimony (marriage). The Holy Eucharist is the most important of the sacraments, because Catholics believe that Jesus Christ becomes truly present in the form of bread and wine. This happens through transubstantiation which takes place in the Mass.
Catholics believe in the necessity of love, hope and faith in order to gain salvation, but that these all come from grace. This is different from the 16th century interpretation created by Luther.
Catholics interpret the Bible (God-given book) according to Tradition. Tradition is the transmission of the early church's life and teaching, as especially recorded in the writings of the Fathers of the Church who lived in the first centuries. At that time the holy books where accepted in the Bible, which is the collection of the books considered revealed.
A basic rule for Catholics is that "Truth cannot contradict truth". They translate the Bible with this in mind. No interpretation can be accepted if it contradicts another revealed truth.
Nicene Creed
Catholics, like many Christians, accept the Nicene Creed, a combination of the Council of Nicaea (AD 325) and the later Council of Constantinople (AD 382) as true. It is as follows:
"I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father. Through Him all things were made. For us men and our salvation He came down from heaven: and, by the Holy Spirit, was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake, He was crucified under Pontius Pilate; He suffered death and was buried and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures: He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and His kingdom will have no end. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, Who, with the Father and the Son, is adored and glorified, Who has spoken through the Prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen."
Eastern Orthodox and Protestants believe many of the same things. They sometime disagree on the role of the Virgin Mary and other saints, on what a priest can do, and on how exactly God should be worshipped, among other things.
Related pages
Catholicism
Protestantism
Eastern Orthodox Church
References
Other websites
Necessity of baptism |
10760 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq | Villeneuve-d'Ascq | Villeneuve-d'Ascq (which means New city of Ascq in French) is one of the main cities of the metropolis of Lille, in France. It is between Lille and Roubaix, at the crossroads of the principal freeways towards Paris, Ghent, Antwerp and Brussels,
Demography
Villeneuve-d'Ascq has more than 65,000 people and attracts 50,000 students.
The average age of people there is 29 years.
Geography
The city has about 10 km² of greenspace, lakes, forests and farmland.
History
The roots of the city go up in Celtic Gaul, and are anchored in two feudal mounds, a Gallo-Roman site and a Carolingian one.
Its site was selected in the 1960s to accommodate the new town of Lille-Est. It was made to channel the development of the agglomeration. The commune of Villeneuve-d'Ascq was created in 1970 by combining three communes (Ascq, Annapes and Flers). Its name evokes at the same time the new city and the memory of Ascq, martyr city of April 1, 1944, date on which the Nazis massacred 86 men.
Communes in Nord |
10762 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary%20Clinton | Hillary Clinton | Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician. She was the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013. Clinton was the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election. She is a former U.S. Senator, First Lady of the United States and First Lady of Arkansas.
From 2009 to 2013, she was the 67th Secretary of State, serving under President Barack Obama. Before that, she was the junior United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. She is married to former President of the United States Bill Clinton in 1975. When her husband was president, she had the title of First Lady of the United States. She was a candidate in the 2008 election of a new President. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
Hillary Clinton was the first former First Lady to be elected to the U.S. Senate and to hold a federal cabinet-level position. She ran for re-election to the Senate in 2006, which she won, and was considered by many in the media and politics as having a good chance to win in the race for the Democratic Party's US presidential nomination in 2008, but she lost to Barack Obama.
In April 2015, Clinton announced that she would be running for president once again for the 2016 United States presidential election. During the Democratic presidential primaries, Clinton faced challenges from United States senator from Vermont Bernie Sanders. On June 6, 2016, Clinton reached the number of delegates to become the presumptive Democratic Party nominee. She lost the election to Donald Trump on November 8, 2016.
Early life and education
Hillary Diane Rodham was born at Edgewater Medical Center in Chicago. She was raised in Park Ridge, a suburb located northwest of downtown Chicago. Her parents were Hugh E. Rodham and Dorothy Emma Howell Rodham. She is of Welsh, English, French and French Canadian ancestry. Hillary grew up with two younger brothers, Hugh and Tony.
She studied at Maine East High School and Maine South High School. She finished high school in 1965, and enrolled at Wellesley College in Massachusetts.
In 1969, Rodham entered Yale Law School. She received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Yale in 1973. Then, she began a year of post-graduate study on children and medicine at the Yale Child Study Center.
First Lady of the United States (1993-2001)
When she was First Lady, she tried to change the health care system. Some people didn't like it when the planning meetings were kept secret away from the public. In the end, too many people did not want the changes that she wanted.
Another major event during the time she was First Lady was when the public found out in 1998 that Bill Clinton had a sexual relationship with Monica Lewinsky in the mid 1990s. There was stress in the marriage partly because Bill had to go to trial (impeachment) because he was accused of lying to the court (during a deposition).
Senate (2001-2009)
When she decided that she wanted to be senator, she chose New York even though she never lived there. Some accused her of "carpetbagging" because of this. She went on to win the election and won a second term in 2006.
When the war between the United States-led coalition and Iraq was about to start, she voted in favor of the war, which, as of 2015, she had said she regrets doing.
2008 presidential campaign
Hillary Clinton had raised more money than anybody else in the 2008 Presidential campaign, but later had big money problems for her campaign by May 7, 2008. She lost the party nomination to Barack Obama, but she campaigned for Obama after this.
United States Secretary of State (2009-2013)
In mid-November 2008, Obama and Clinton talked about whether she could be the next U.S. Secretary of State in his presidency. On November 21, there were reports that said Hillary Clinton had accepted his offer.
During her term as Secretary of State, Clinton used her position to make women's rights and human rights a focus of U.S. initiatives. She became one of the most traveled secretaries of state in American history. She promoted the use of social media to convey the country's positions. She also led U.S. diplomatic efforts in responding to the Arab Spring and military intervention in Libya.
Clinton did not want to serve a second term as secretary. Once Barack Obama won his re-election, he announced that John Kerry would succeed Clinton as secretary. Clinton left office on February 1, 2013.
2016 presidential campaign
In 2016, Clinton became the first woman in the History of the United States to be a major party presidential candidate. Clinton did not want to run for president in 2016, but after much of a majority support from the Democratic party, on April 12, 2015, speculation ended as Clinton formally announced her candidacy via email and the release of a video saying, "Everyday Americans need a champion. And I want to be that champion." In the polls, Clinton maintained her lead for the nomination although she faced several challenges from Senator Bernie Sanders. A NBC/Wall Street Journal poll conducted in May found Clinton and presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump in a tie. Clinton and Trump were the least popular likely candidates in the poll's history. This made it difficult for her campaign.
Clinton became the presumptive nominee on June 6, 2016.
Clinton lost the general election to Donald Trump winning 227 of the electoral college to Trump's 304. Clinton won the popular vote however 48% to Trump's 46%.
After the 2016 election
In April 2017, Clinton said that she will not seek public office again.
Personal life
While working as a faculty member at the Law School of the University of Arkansas, she married Bill Clinton on October 11, 1975. He was also working as a faculty member at the same university. Both knew each other and were classmates at the Yale Law School. Their only child is daughter Chelsea Clinton, born on February 27, 1980.
References
Other websites
Campaign website
Former website of Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton
First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton website
1947 births
Living people
2008 United States presidential candidates
2016 United States presidential candidates
21st-century American politicians
Lawyers from Arkansas
American Methodists
First Ladies of the United States
Politicians from Arkansas
Politicians from Chicago
United States Secretaries of State
United States senators from New York
US Democratic Party politicians
Yale University alumni
Lawyers from Chicago
Lawyers from New York |
10776 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra%20Pradesh | Andhra Pradesh | Andhra Pradesh () () is a state in the Republic of India. It has a population of 75,727,000 people according to the census of 2001. The eastern boundary is a coastline along the Bay of Bengal. Its latitude and longitude is 17.3660°N and 78.4760°E. The state has an area of . It is bigger than Burkina Faso but smaller than Ecuador. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the South Indian zone. It was divided into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in 2014, because of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. According to this Act, both states will have the same capital city Hyderabad, for a period of 10 years. The present Chief Minister of the state is Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy of the YSR Party.
Andhra Pradesh has a gross domestic product (GDP) of 123,560 (in millions of US dollars). That makes it the third largest state in India in terms of GDP, after Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Most of this money comes from agriculture. Andhra Pradesh is sometimes called the "Rice Bowl of India", as a very large amount of rice or paddy is grown in the coastal plains of the state. Recently the state is also involved in newer businesses like biotechnology and information technology.
Provincial symbols of Andhra Pradesh
References |
10777 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Vargas | Alberto Vargas | Joaquin Alberto Vargas y Chávez (9 February 1896 – 30 December 1982), better known as Alberto Vargas, was a Peruvian-born painter, best known for his pin-up paintings of beautiful women. In the 1930s he became famous for movie posters. In the 1940s and 1950s he painted for Esquire Magazine and in the 1960s and 1970s for Playboy.
A painting of Alberto's, Varga Girl, was put on the Beatles - Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album. She is pictured in the upper right-hand corner (next to Richard Menkin, the man in the hat).
Alberto Vargas, a history, family photos and gallery.
Vargas on "The Pin-Up Files"
Alberto Vargas Biography
Artwork on the American Art Archives web site
Peruvian painters
1896 births
1982 deaths |
10778 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Lucas | George Lucas | George James Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944 in Modesto, California) is an American movie director, producer, and screenwriter most famous for his Star Wars and Indiana Jones movie series.
He also directed the movies THX 1138 (1970) and American Graffiti (1973). He made the Indiana Jones series with Steven Spielberg. He is also an innovator for what he has done with special effects, and has founded companies that make not only movies, but also things like video games, theme park rides, and TV shows.
Lucas founded the Pixar animation studio and later sold it to Steve Jobs in 1986 for $10 million.
Personal life
He has three children: Katie, Amanda and Jett Lucas (born 1993). Jett has had cameo appearances in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith as Zett Jukassa.
Lucas began dating Mellody Hobson, president of Ariel Investments and chair of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Lucas and Hobson announced their engagement in January 2013, and married on June 22, 2013 at Lucas's Skywalker Ranch in Marin County, California.
George Lucas Cultural Arts Museum
A George Lucas Cultural Arts Museum was to be built in San Francisco, California, but after talks failed, Lucas decided not to build the museum in San Francisco.
Soon afterwards, the Chicago Tribune reported that Lucas wanted to build the museum in Chicago, Illinois. Lucas said: "The city of Chicago has enthusiastically welcomed me and I consider Chicago to be my second home," Lucas said in a statement. "I look forward to working with community leaders to see if Chicago can become home to the Lucas Cultural Arts Museum. " The office of Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel confirmed that talks between the two were ongoing. A potential lakefront site on Museum Campus in Chicago was proposed in May 2014. On June 24, 2014, the Chicago Sun-Times reported that Chicago was selected as the location, pending approval of the Chicago Plan Commission. The commission approved the idea and the museum will be built in Chicago.
References
Other websites
1944 births
American cinematographers
American movie editors
American screenwriters
American television producers
American television writers
Living people
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Writers from California |
10779 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu | Telugu | Telugu is an Indian language spoken in the southern part of India. It is the official language of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. Telugu is the second most spoken language in India and 15th largest spoken language in the world. As it is one of the oldest languages in the world, Government of India gave it the status of a Classical language.
Aitereya Brahmanyam which is a part of Rigveda (literature dates to 7000 years before CE) written thousands years before CE, has mentioned Telugu. Telugu also finds mention in Rajatarangini, written by Bilhana Kavi. As per Hindu mythology, one of the sons of Bali Chakravarthy (the one who was sent to Pathaala by Vamana) is Andhra or Andhrudu. Telugu region i.e. Andhra or AP was ruled by him, long before the times of Ramayana and Mahabharata (literature is proven to be of the period 3000 years before CE).
Telugu is the only language other than Sanskrit which has the linguistic prakriya (literature game) called Avadhana, which disappeared in other languages with the passage of time. Languages also have become more and more simple and adopted simple pronunciations, the reason for some typical sounds of Telugu being missing in many other languages.
Sri Krishnadeva Raya has said "Desa bhashalandu Telugu Lessa" which means "Among the nation's languages, Telugu is the best." Being a mellifluous language, British authors in the 19th century called Telugu, Italian of the East. It is believed that Italian explorer Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Vijayanagara empire during the reign of Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya in the fifteenth century, coined the phrase.
According to linguists, Proto-Dravidian gave rise to 21 Dravidian languages. They can be broadly classified into three groups: Northern group, Central group, and Southern group of Dravidian languages. The central group consists of ten languages, out of which only Telugu became a civilized language and the rest of the nine languages remained tribal languages. Telugu is the most widely spoken language of the Dravidian family which consists of 24 languages spanning all of South Asia, from Baluchistan to Sri Lanka.
In India the history of scripts has been almost independent of the history of languages. The current similarity in scripts between Telugu and Kannada, which falls under the southern group of Proto-Dravidian languages along with Tamil, Malayalam, Tulu and others, has a lot more to do with the rule of the Chalukyas than the similarity between the languages.
Geographic distribution
Telugu is mainly spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry as well as in the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, some parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal in India. It is also spoken in the United States, where the Telugu diaspora numbers more than a million, as well as in Australia, New Zealand, Bahrain, Canada, Fiji, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, Ireland, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and many western European countries, where there is also a considerable Telugu diaspora. Telugu speakers abroad are often some of the wealthiest ethnic groups in the countries they go to due to their high educational attainment and intelligence; in the US, the average Telugu family makes $115,000 a year. In Tamil Nadu, about 6.3% of the population speak Telugu, where it commonly known as Telungu. It is the largest spoken and most dominant language in South India.
Phonology
With 56 letters [16 vowels and 36 consonants, 4 removed], Telugu has more letters in its alphabet than any other language. There were letters for sounds Al, Aluu, which were later removed from the alphabet. Every Telugu word ends with an vowel.
Achchulu (vowels)
అ ఆ ఇ ఈ ఉ ఊ ఋ ౠ ఎ ఏ ఐ ఒ ఓ ఔ అం అః
Hallulu (consonants)
క ఖ గ ఘ ఙ
చ ఛ జ ఝ ఞ
ట ఠ డ ఢ ణ
త థ ద ధ న
ప ఫ బ భ మ
య ర ల వ శ
ష స హ ళ క్ష ఱ
Ankelu (Numbers)
౧ ౨ ౩ ౪ ౫ ౬ ౭ ౮ ౯ ౧౦
References
Dravidian languages
Languages of India |
10808 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation%203 | PlayStation 3 | The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is the third video game console made by Sony. It was released in Japan on November 11, 2006. It came out on November 17, 2006 in North America, and was released in Australia and Europe on 23 March 2007. It competed against the Microsoft Xbox 360 and Nintendo Wii consoles.
The PlayStation 3 is a console that can play Blu-ray discs. The PS3 was, according to Sony, the most powerful console at the time. However, many people that create computer games have recently stated that both the PS3 and Xbox 360 are about equal. An upside is that to access the online mode to play and interact with other people is free unlike the Xbox in which must be paid for.
When the PlayStation 3 was released, there were two different models. One had a 20 gigabyte (GB) hard drive and cost $399. The other had a 60 gigabyte hard drive and cost $599. Sony stopped making the 20 gigabyte console in North America after the 60 gigabyte version "sold ten times as many" as the 20 gigabyte version.
In July 2007, Sony announced that they would cut the price of the PS3 to $500 in the United States, though still more expensive than its competitors. Sony also released a version of the console with an 80 gigabyte hard drive around this time.
In October, a version of the PlayStation 3 with a 40 gigabyte hard drive was introduced. This model could not play PlayStation 2 games, but games made for the original PlayStation could still be played. The price of the 60 gigabyte model was also further reduced. A white version of the 40 gigabyte model was released in Japan in November.
Since 2011, the PS3 was sold in a new, slimmer, and more efficient model with a 160 GB or 320 GB of hard drive memory.
The PS3 was discontinued in New Zealand on September 29, 2015, in Europe and Australia in March 2016, in North America in October 2016, and in Japan on May 29, 2017, though third-party games are still being made for the system.
References
Sony
PlayStation
Sony consoles
Seventh generation consoles |
10812 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation%202 | PlayStation 2 | The PlayStation 2 is Sony's second video game console. It was released in March of 2000. The one before this was PlayStation (or PS1). The next PlayStation is PlayStation 3 which was released in November 2006. The controllers of the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 are the same, but the PlayStation 3 is used wirelessly and doesn't have an analog button. Some games are online e.g. Call of Duty World at War Final Fronts and a few connect with the PlayStation Portable (or PSP). The PS2 is very successful and games are still made for it. The PlayStation 2 is the world's best-selling console. It has sold around 159 million units since its launch in March 2000, and is fully compatible with PlayStation (PS1) games. It competed with the Nintendo GameCube and the Microsoft Xbox during its lifetime. Even with the release of the PS3, the PS2 remained popular at the time of the seventh generation until Sony announced that they had discontinued the PlayStation 2 in Japan on December 28, 2012 and worldwide on January 4, 2013. The last two games for the system were FIFA 14 and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 (released only in Europe) in late 2013 (a week before the PlayStation 4's release date). Both these games also had PS3 and PS4 versions. Online functionalities had ended on March 31, 2016. Repair for the system had ended in Japan on September 7, 2018.
PSX
The PSX was released in 2003. It was a video recorder that allowed you to play PlayStation 2 games. It had a built-in hard drive (up to 250 GB). It did not sell well, because it cost too much money, so it was not released outside of Japan. Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas became the most sold game, with over 27.5 million copies sold.
References
Sony
PlayStation
Sony consoles
2000 establishments in the United States
2013 disestablishments
Sixth generation consoles |
10813 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony | Sony | Sony is a technology company, based in Japan, which makes many electric products. Among its most popular products is the video game console PlayStation, which was followed by PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and now the PlayStation 4. They also sold the Walkman invented by Andreas Pavel - a small music audio cassette player that could fit in your pocket - they later made Walkman systems that could play CDs, MiniDiscs or MP3s instead of tapes, and they often could receive radio too.
The company also makes music players, televisions, headsets, mobile phones (Sony Ericsson) and computers (named Sony Vaio), and game players (PlayStation).
It owns the American movie studios, Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures, through Sony Pictures.
History
Sony began its activity from a department store in Tokyo. At that time, 1946, the store was damaged by bombs. One engineer and one physicist invested a capital of about $1,600 to create a company which would include 20 employees. The name of the engineer was Masaru Ibuka and the name of the physicist was Akio Morita. People working in their new company repaired electrical equipment. Later they started creating their own products.
The company achieved success in 1954, when it received license that allowed producing transistors. Although transistors were already created in United States, they were not used in production of radios. Sony produced its first transistor radio in May of 1954.
From that period Sony started leading in the field of electronics. Its revolutionary devices included: Trinitron Color Television, created in 1968; color video cassette, produced in 1971 as well as the world's second home video system, created in 1975. Other revolutionary inventions of Sony include: 1979 – Walkman; 1981 – Electronic camera; 1982 – CD player; 1983 – Camcorder and the list continuous with many other devices. One of the most popular Sony products was Sony PlayStation, created in 1995. With its help Sony became the leader in videogames.
In 45 years Sony has grown from a small firm, employing 20 workers, to a multinational corporation, employing about 100,000 workers. The company created its American branch in 1960 and its UK branch in 1968. In recent years the company focused on leadership in software and hardware. Sony acquired, in 1988, CBS Records and formed Sony Music Entertainment. A year later the company bought Columbia Pictures to create Sony Pictures Entertainment.
Sony would later join forces with BMG to form "Sony BMG." BMG Music Publishing was sold to Universal in 2007. Sony bought all of BMG's record labels in 2008, ending the "BMG" name.
References
Other websites
Sony website
1946 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Japan |
10814 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox%20360 | Xbox 360 | The Xbox 360 is the second video game console released by Microsoft, after 2001's Xbox. It was released on November 16, 2005, 1462 days after the original Xbox. The Xbox 360 competes against the Nintendo Wii and Sony PlayStation 3. All three are called next-generation or seventh generation consoles. The Xbox 360 was officially revealed on MTV on May 12, 2005. The successor to the Xbox 360, the Xbox One, was announced on May 21, 2013. Even though the Xbox One was released on November 22, 2013, the Xbox 360 continued to be sold until April 20, 2016. However, games are no longer being made for the system.
Development
Before Microsoft revealed the console's real name, it was called the Xbox 2, Xenon, Xbox Next, NextBox, and other names. During the development, Microsoft, said it would launch the High-Definition era for video game consoles, promising visuals looks that would look better and much more real. The Xbox 360 uses standard DVD's to play games and other media.
Release
The Xbox 360 was released in the United States and Canada on November 22, 2005 in Europe on December 2, 2005, and in Japan on December 10, 2005. It was later launched in Malaysia, Mexico, Colombia, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, India, Brazil, Poland, Czech Republic, and Russia. When the console was first released in North America, demand was more than the supplies and the console sold out at many stores. Many people sold the console on eBay for higher prices, and it was not until early 2006 that the Xbox 360 became more available in stores again.
Models
Xbox 360 Core – this was the first basic package of the Xbox 360, featuring only the console and a wired controller. This has been discontinued and replaced by the Arcade as the cheapest model.
Xbox 360 Arcade – this was the second basic package of the Xbox 360, featuring only the console with HDMI output capabilities, a wireless controller, a 256 MB memory card, 5 Xbox Live Arcade games and Standard-definition video cables.
Xbox 360 (commonly called the Premium or Pro) – this package was featuring the console (with HDMI output), 60 GB hard drive, wireless controller, Ethernet cable, headset, High-definition video cables and one month Xbox Live Gold trial.
Xbox 360 Elite – this was the most expensive package of the Xbox 360, featuring a black-colored console (with HDMI output), HDMI cable, 120 GB hard drive, headset, wireless controller, Ethernet cable, High-definition video cables and one month Xbox Live trial.
Xbox 360 Slim - Piano Black (Matte Black on the 4 GB console), HDMI, 250 or 120 GB HDD and 4 GB SSD, headset (120/250 GB consoles only), wireless controller, ethernet cable, HD video cable, one month Xbox Live trial.
Xbox 360 E - Half gloss, half matte finish, HDMI, one month Xbox Live membership trial, comes in 4GB and 250 GB models
Accessories
A number of accessories can be purchased for the Xbox 360. These include both wired and wireless controllers, custom faceplates that cover the front of the console, headsets for chatting while online,a webcam, a steering wheel for driving games and various other accessories.
Kinect is a major accessory that Microsoft is planning for the Xbox 360. It is a new way to control games without a controller. Kinect is being developed, and may be in stores in late 2010. It has already won many awards. When it was first being made, it was called Project Natal.
Software
The Xbox 360 is a multimedia console. It can play music and videos streamed or downloaded from a computer. It can also play DVDs and HD-DVDs if a HD-DVD Drive is connected. The Xbox 360 plays games on either a disc or on its hard drive. There are many games for Xbox 360.
Updates
The NXE (New Xbox Experience) update had many new features. One new feature is an avatar system. You can make the avatar look like you. The avatar is used in games and more. The menus were changed too. The NXE shows your friends and what they are doing. Another new feature is the ability to add people to an Xbox Live Party. People can talk online in a party. It does not matter if you are on the dashboard or playing another game, up to seven of your friends or anyone else can join a party. Another option is to add friends to the party and game, which will invite them to both your game and party.
Xbox Live now has Facebook, Twitter, and Last.fm. You can use them on Xbox Live, but some features are different. 1080p High definition movies are also on Xbox Live. You can pay to download them.
The most recent update on the 360 was allowing users to input a USB memory device, allowing USB drives with memory over 1 GB to be used for storing data such as avatar items, or game saves, up to a maximum of 16 GB of data.
Red Ring of Death
The Xbox 360 Red Ring of death issue is very common on older consoles. When this happens, what is known as the Red Ring of Death (RRoD) appears: three of the four warning lights surrounding the power button on the console flash in red. The Red Ring of Death shows that there is a hardware problem, which usually means that the console no longer works. The white Arcade console breaks down a lot. On later models for example, the Xbox 360 S, these three lights show that there is an over-heating problem.
Related pages
Xbox
Xbox (console)
Wii
PlayStation 3
Xbox One
References
Xbox
Seventh generation consoles |
10817 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox%20%28console%29 | Xbox (console) | The Xbox is a video game console (a machine that plays video games and DVDS). It was made by Microsoft from November 2001 to October 2005. A person plays the games with a controller. The controllers were very large in the beginning, but were made smaller later. The Xbox video game console can play music, DVDs, and games. Microsoft discontinued the Xbox because they made the next version of the Xbox, the Xbox 360. The Xbox was first discontinued in 2006 in Japan, later in 2007 in Europe, then in 2009 in the USA.
History
In 1998, four engineers from Microsoft's DirectX team, Kevin Bachus, Seamus Blackley, Ted Hase and DirectX team leader Otto Berkes, took apart some Dell laptop computers to construct a prototype Microsoft Windows-based video game console. The team hoped to create a console to compete with Sony's upcoming PlayStation 2.
During development, the original DirectXbox name was shortened to Xbox. Microsoft's marketing department did not like the Xbox name, and suggested many alternatives.
Launch
Xbox was the first video game console by Microsoft. It was a very large video game console, and it had a cost of $299.99 in the United States. It was launched one year after the PlayStation 2 and at the same time as the Nintendo GameCube. Halo was the first very popular game for the Xbox.
Builds
Related pages
Xbox
References
Xbox
Sixth generation consoles |
10821 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameCube | GameCube | The Nintendo GameCube (also called GameCube, NGC, GCN, or GC for short) is the fourth video game home console made by Nintendo. Nintendo's previous console was called the Nintendo 64. Nintendo's next console is called the Nintendo Wii, released in 2006 with models released before November 2011 being backwards compatible with GameCube games. The last game for the console was Madden NFL 08 (also released for the Wii and Nintendo DS), which was released on August 14, 2007. However, first-party development ended six months before that.
The GameCube also had many new features compared to other Nintendo video game consoles, and was the first Nintendo console to officially support Internet play (playing together without wires). It could also connect to the Game Boy Player to allow special features and play Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance games.
The console was released on September 14, 2001 in Japan, November 18, 2001 in North America, May 3, 2002 in Europe, and May 17, 2002 in Australia. The GameCube sold 21.74 million units worldwide was discontinued in early 2007 to focus production on the Wii and DS.
Controller
The GameCube's controllers have two analog joysticks. In many games, one of them is used to control a character, while the other is used to control the camera, or some other secondary function. In addition to the analog sticks and the directional pad (D-pad), there are eight buttons: A, B, Y, X, L, R, Z, and Start.
Nintendo later released a wireless version of the controller, called the WaveBird. Instead of wires, it used RF signals to communicate with the console and was powered by standard AA batteries.
Popular Games
The Nintendo GameCube was known for its popular first games, including:
Luigi's Mansion
Metroid Prime and Metroid Prime 2: Echoes
Pikmin and Pikmin 2
Super Smash Bros. Melee
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
Super Mario Sunshine
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess
Mario Party 4, Mario Party 5, Mario Party 6, and Mario Party 7
Mario Kart: Double Dash!!
Wave Race Blue Storm
References
Notes
Nintendo video game consoles
Sixth generation consoles |
10822 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangame | Fangame | Fangames are computer games created by fans based on popular video games. They are often made using C++, The Games Factory, Multimedia Fusion Express, and GameMaker. But now with free versions available of powerful game development tools available, some fangames are made in either Unity or Unreal Engine.
Other websites
The Click Wiki - information about Multimedia Fusion, The Games Factory.
Types of video games |
10847 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw | Wrocław | is the biggest city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in the southwest part of Poland. The German name of the city is Breslau, and the Czech name is Vratislav. The Oder River goes through the city. There are also 4 other small rivers which connect with the Oder River in the territory of the city: Bystrzyca, Oława, Ślęza and Widawa. Before World War II there were 303 bridges in the city; now there are about 220. In Latin language it is called "Vratislavia"
History
Wrocław is over 1000 years old. It was originally a Slavic town. During the Middle Ages it became a German city, but before that Wrocław was a Czech city. It was called Breslau for a long time. During the Second World War the city was badly damaged. About 70% of the buildings were damaged. Many of them were rebuilt. After the war, the city became Polish, and the German citizens were forced to leave. It has been called by its Polish name Wrocław ever since.
Johannes Brahms wrote his Academic Festival Overture to thank the University of Breslau in Wrocław. This was for an honorary doctorate he was awarded by the university.
Modern Wrocław
Its population in 2004 was 638,000. There are 10 universities in the city. It is famous for its beautiful historical town square (Polish rynek) and cathedral (large church).
In 1997 the Oder River flooded, causing a lot of damage.
Nobel Prize winners from Wrocław
10 people from Wrocław have won the Nobel Prize. They are:
Theodor Mommsen (1902)
Philipp Lenard (1905)
Eduard Buchner (1907)
Paul Ehrlich (1908)
Gerhart Hauptmann (1912)
Fritz Haber (1918)
Friedrich Bergius (1931)
Otto Stern (1943)
Max Born (1954)
Reinhard Selten (1994)
References
Other websites
Wrocław-Life.com portal
Virtual Wrocław
Municipal website
Hotels in Wroclaw
Airport of Wroclaw |
10853 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906 | 1906 | 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
April 18 – An earthquake in San Francisco, California kills at least three thousand people.
Camillo Golgi, Italian doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Camillo Golgi
Births
January 11 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss scientist, invented LSD
January 14 - William Bendix, American actor (d. 1964)
March 6 – Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (d. 1959)
April 13 – Samuel Beckett, Irish writer (d. 1989)
April 28 – Kurt Gödel, Austrian-American mathematician (d. 1978)
July 14 – William H. Tunner, American World War II general (d. 1983)
August 27 – Ed Gein, American serial killer (d. 1984)
September 25 – José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (d. 1990)
September 25 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Soviet composer (d. 1975)
October 30 – Alexander Gode, German-American linguist and translator (d. 1970)
November 14 – Louise Brooks, American actress and dancer (d. 1985)
December 19 – Leonid Brezhnev, leader of the Soviet Union (d. 1982)
Hit songs
"Anchors Aweigh"
Movies Released
Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, the first animated movie
The Story of the Kelly Gang, the first feature-length movie |
10857 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Albano | Lou Albano | Louis Vincent Albano (born July 29, 1933 - died October 14, 2009) was a very famous American professional wrestler in the 1980s. Albano is best known as Captain Lou Albano. He also appeared in Cyndi Lauper's music video "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" and played Mario on The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, based on the series of video games.
References
1933 births
2009 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Former WWE wrestlers
Entertainers from Rome
WWE Hall of Fame |
10858 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%20synching | Lip synching | Lip synching is when a person moves his or her lips at the same time as a recorded sound or with another person. Some artists lip sync a live performance because they are not as confident and want to avoid hitting possible bad notes.
The word synch is short for synchronize, meaning to do something at the same time.
Music industry |
10860 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith%20Evans | Faith Evans | Faith Evans (born June 10, 1973 in Lakeland, Florida). She grew up in Newark New Jersey. She is an American R&B singer. Her first husband, "The Notorious B.I.G.", died in a drive-by shooting in 1997 . She has been arrested for cocaine and marijuana. Evans' album R&B Divas was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards.
Her music albums
Faith
Keep the Faith
Faithfully
The First Lady
R&B Divas
References
1973 births
Living people
Singers from Florida
Singers from Newark, New Jersey |
10861 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria | Bacteria | Bacteria (sing. bacterium) are very small organisms. They are prokaryotic microorganisms. Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus, and most have no organelles with membranes around them. Most have a cell wall. They do have DNA, and their biochemistry is basically the same as other living things. They are amongst the simplest and the oldest organisms. They function as independent organisms.
Almost all bacteria are so tiny they can only be seen through a microscope. Bacteria are made up of one cell, so they are a kind of unicellular organism. They are among the simplest single-celled organisms on Earth, and were one of the earliest forms of life. They include a number of extremophiles which live in extreme habitats.
There are probably more individual bacteria than any other sort of organism on the planet. Most bacteria live in the ground or in water, but many live inside or on the skin of other organisms, including humans. There are about 1:1 bacterial cells as human cells in each of our bodies. Some bacteria can cause diseases, but others help us in everyday activities like digesting food (gut flora). Some even work for us in factories, producing cheese and yogurt.
The founder of bacteriology was a German biologist called Ferdinand Cohn (18281898). He published the first biological classification of bacteria, based on their appearance.
Reproduction and gene transfer
A bacterium reproduces (creates more bacteria) by dividing in half and creating two "daughter" cells. Each daughter is identical in shape to the parent, but is smaller.
Bacteria do not have sexes, but they do transmit DNA by several kinds of horizontal gene transfer. This is how they share resistance to antibiotics from one strain to another. The complete DNA sequence is known for many bacterial strains.
Each bacterium has only one chromosome.
Shape
Bacteria vary widely in size and shape, but in general they are at least ten times larger than viruses. A typical bacterium is about 1 µm (one micrometer) in diameter, so a thousand bacteria lined up would be one millimeter long. There are about five nonillion (5×1030) bacteria on Earth.
Bacteria are identified and grouped by their shapes. Bacilli are rod-shaped, cocci are ball-shaped, spirilla are spiral-shaped, and vibrio are shaped like a comma or a boomerang.
Pathogens
Pathogenic bacteria, the harmful kind, enter the human body from the air, water or food. Once inside, these bacteria attach themselves to or invade specific cells in our respiratory system, digestive tract or in any open wound. There they begin to reproduce and spread while using your body's food and nutrients to give them energy to help them reproduce.
Extremophiles
Some bacteria are extremophiles. Some microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 meters below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometers of ocean off the Pacific Northwest of the United States. According to one of the researchers, "You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are."
History of their classification
All modern ideas start with the sequence analysis of DNA and RNA. In 1987, Carl Woese, the forerunner of the molecular phylogeny revolution, divided bacteria into 11 divisions based on 16S ribosomal RNA (SSU) sequences:
Proteobacteria: Purple bacteria and their relatives
alpha subdivision (purple non-sulfur bacteria, rhizobacteria, Agrobacterium, Bartonella, Rickettsiae, Nitrobacter)
beta subdivision (Rhodocyclus, (some) Thiobacillus, Alcaligenes, Spirillum, Nitrosovibrio)
gamma subdivision (enterics, fluorescent pseudomonads, purple sulfur bacteria, Legionella, (some) Beggiatoa)
delta subdivision (Sulfur and sulfate reducers (Desulfovibrio), Myxobacteria, Bdellovibrio)
Gram-positive Eubacteria
High-G+C species - Actinobacteria (Actinomyces, Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, Bifidobacterium)
Low-G+C species - Firmicutes (Clostridium, Peptococcus, Bacillus, Mycoplasma)
Photosynthetic species (Heliobacterium)
Species with gram-negative walls (Megasphaera, Sporomusa)
Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts (Aphanocapsa, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Synechococcus, Gleoebacter, Prochloron)
Spirochaetes and relatives
Spirochetes (Spirochaeta, Treponema, Borrelia)
Leptospiras (Leptospira, Leptonema)
Green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobium, Chloroherpeton)
Bacteroides, Flavobacteria and relatives
Bacteroides (Bacteroides, Fusobacterium)
Flavobacterium group (Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, Saprospira, Flexibacter)
Planctomyces and relatives
Planctomyces group (Planctomyces, Pasteuria)
Thermophiles (Isocystis pallida)
Chlamydiae (Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis)
Radioresistant micrococci and relatives
Deinococcus group (Deinococcus radiodurans)
Thermophiles (Thermus aquaticus)
Green non-sulfur bacteria and relatives
Chloroflexus group (Chloroflexus, Herpetosiphon)
Thermomicrobium group (Thermomicrobium roseum)
Thermotogae
Related pages
Enterococcus
Mycoplasma
Microorganism
Archaea
Virus
References
Microbiology
Prokaryotes
Horizontal gene transfer |
10862 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Theft%20Auto%3A%20San%20Andreas | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is one of the video games for the Grand Theft Auto game series. It was made by Rockstar Games. The game came out on the PlayStation 2 first and later on Xbox and PC. In this game, the player can do whatever they want, including hitting or killing people, damaging cars and properties and such violent things. That's one reason why the game is so famous. So in the U.S. and Canada it was rated mature (17+) by the ESRB.
The PlayStation 2 version became available on the PlayStation Network for PlayStation 4 on 5 December 2015.
Gameplay
It is set in third-person which means the player can see the person (in this case it is CJ) on the screen. He is controlled using the left and right analog sticks on the PlayStation 2 controller. CJ is the character who is used to play with and he can perform different moves. These are shooting, kicking/punching, jumping, crouching, and even swimming. He can attack other people by either using hand-to-hand combat or shooting them. Sometimes, the attacked person may fight back and try to kill the player. He can get into a nearby vehicle or steal one from another person if it is being driven. If the police see CJ doing crimes, however, they will chase him and try to stop him. If CJ gets caught by the police he loses all of his weapons and some money and he will appear at the nearest police station (the same happens when the player dies, except he appears at a hospital instead). If CJ loses his weapons, he can buy weapons from different gun shops (although he must pay for them).
There are many missions to be taken; the game as a whole has a plot, and the missions the player solves make the plot go on and help the player for his/her abilities (which are for example swimming, condition but also driving bicycles without falling from them and better shooting. Respect is also an important 'ability' players can earn, as they need it to go on in the plot of the game and take more missions), and helps the player to earn money, which can be spent on cars, food (to stop the player from getting hungry), weapons, and a lot of other things. Besides missions, however, the player can also do a number of different challenges, which are not needed for the story but can be used just to help CJ earn some extra money. The game takes place in a fictional state called San Andreas, which has three cities: Los Santos (Los Angeles), San Fierro (San Francisco), and Las Venturas (Las Vegas). Between the cities are also countryside, and the desert of Bone County, based on the real life Nevada desert.
Driving
CJ can drive all sorts of vehicles. He can fly planes, drive cars sail boats and now a jet pack which was not in the previous games. In some vehicles that have hydraulics (where the car 'hops') the analog sticks can be used. If 'nitrous' have been put on (by using a nearby garage) he can drive at incredible speeds which are a lot faster than normal driving. It is also possible to drive around with go-karts or tractors, which was not possible in the previous games; but these vehicles are quite slow and more for fun than for travelling around the map. The player has to be careful, however, not to damage the vehicle too much, because then it might explode, killing or hurting CJ, and causing the vehicle to be useless. Vehicles can also be destroyed by hitting, shooting, setting the vehicle on fire, or driving it into water.
Multiplayer
San Andreas Multiplayer and Multi Theft Auto, often shortened to SA-MP and MTA respectively, are popular multiplayer edits of the original game San Andreas. They have thousands of servers online and runs game servers.
Radio stations
Like previous games in the series, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas has many radio stations that play songs. The player can listen to these radio stations when in most vehicles, or also from the "options" menu. The radio stations also have DJs and commercials to make them more realistic. There is even a talk radio station, where the player can listen to news within the game and entertainment programs. These radio stations include:
K-DST (Classic rock), Playback FM (Old school Hip-Hop), K-Rose (Country), Bounce FM (Funk), K-Jah West (Reggae and dub), Master Sounds 98.3 (Rare groove, jazz), CSR 103.9 (New Jack Swing), Radio Los Santos (Gangsta Rap), SF-UR (House), and WCTR (News & entertainment).
Plot
Carl "CJ" Johnson comes back to Los Santos, San Andreas in 1992 for his mother's funeral after living in Liberty City for five years since 1987. On his return to the neighborhood, a couple of corrupt cops frame him for the death of a police officer. CJ is forced on a journey that takes him across the entire state of San Andreas, to save his family and to take control of the streets.
References
PlayStation 2 games
2004 video games
Grand Theft Auto |
10866 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Andreas | San Andreas | San Andreas may mean:
San Andreas Fault, the 1000 km fault
San Andreas, California, a place in the United States
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, a video game for PlayStation 2, PC and Xbox |
10870 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Switzer | Barry Switzer | Barry Switzer (born October 5, 1937 in Crossett, Arkansas, USA) was an American football coach. He coached both professional and college football for 32 years. Switzer is one of only three head coaches to win both a college football national championship and a Super Bowl. He has one of the highest winning percentages in the history of college football.
After high school, Switzer went to the University of Arkansas. He played football there from 1956 to 1960. After graduation, Switzer join the US Army for a short time. After the Army, he returned to the University of Arkansas to work as an assistant coach.
After the 1966 season, Switzer became an assistant coach at the University of Oklahoma. He became head coach there in 1973. During his first two years as head coach, Oklahoma did not lose any games and won the national championship two time. They won the championship a third time in 1985. Switzer left Oklahoma in 1989. His record there was 157 wins, 29 losses and 4 ties.
In 1994, Switzer became the coach for the Dallas Cowboys. He led them to a win in Super Bowl XXX during the 1995 season. Switzer retired from coaching after the following season.
In 2001, Switzer was elected into the College Football Hall of Fame. On September 9, 2007, he began working with the FOX television network on its NFL pre-game show.
References
1937 births
Living people
American football coaches
American military people
Sportspeople from Arkansas
National Football League coaches
College football coaches |
10873 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant | Constant | A constant is something that does not change. Constants (numbers) are used in maths and computer programming.
An important fact to remember in calculus is that the derivative of a constant is always zero.
Related pages
Variable
Mathematics
Computer science |
10896 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poker | Poker | Poker is a game which people play with a normal set (or deck) of 52 cards. Poker is a gambling game which involves some luck, but also some skill. In poker, players make bets against each other depending on the value of their poker hand. Bets are usually made with plastic or ceramic discs called chips. Bets may also be made with real money, but chips are more often used because they are easier to handle and count. At the end of the game, players either swap their chips for money, or the chips are counted to determine the order of winners.
There are many different kinds of poker. In draw poker, each player is dealt five cards. A player can decide to throw away a number of these cards and then take (draw) new cards to replace them.
In stud poker (for example, seven-card stud), some of each player's cards are laid (face-up) on the table so that the other players can see them. In community card poker (for example, Texas hold 'em), players share some of their cards in the center of the table.
History
The history of poker is a matter of some debate. The name of the game likely descended from the French poque, which descended from the German pochen ('to knock'), but it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names. It closely resembles the Persian game of as nas, and may have been taught to French settlers in New Orleans by Persian sailors. It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the Renaissance game of primero and the French brelan. The English game brag (earlier bragg) clearly descended from brelan and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now.
English actor Joseph Crowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. Jonathan H. Green's book, An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by Mississippi riverboats, on which gambling was a common pastime.
Soon after this spread, the full 52-card English deck was used, and the flush was introduced. During the American Civil War, many additions were made, including draw poker, stud poker (the five-card variant), and the straight. Further American developments followed, such as the wild card (around 1875), lowball and split-pot poker (around 1900), and community card poker games (around 1925). Spread of the game to other countries, particularly in Asia, is often attributed to the U.S. military.
The game and jargon of poker have become important parts of American culture and English culture. Such phrases as ace in the hole, beats me, blue chip, call the bluff, cash in, pass the buck, poker face, stack up, up the ante, when the chips are down, wild card, and others are used in everyday conversation even by those unaware of their origins at the poker table.
Modern tournament play became popular in American casinos after the World Series of Poker began in 1970. It was also during that decade that the first serious strategy books appeared, notably The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky (), Super System by Doyle Brunson (), and The Book of Tells by Mike Caro ().
Poker’s popularity has experienced an unprecedented spike in recent years, largely due to the introduction of online poker and the invention of the hole-card camera which finally turned the game into a spectator sport. Viewers can now follow the action and drama of the game, and broadcasts of poker tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and the World Poker Tour have brought in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors.
Game play
The game of poker is played in hundreds of variations, but the following overview of game play applies to most of them.
Depending on the game rules, one or more players may be required to place an initial amount of money into the pot before the cards are dealt. These are called forced bets and come in three forms: antes, blinds, and bring-ins.
Like most card games, the dealer shuffles the deck of cards. The deck is then cut, and the appropriate number of cards are dealt face-down to the players. In a casino a "house" dealer handles the cards for each hand, but a button (any small item used as a marker, also called a buck) is rotated among the players to determine the order of dealing and betting in certain games. In a home game, the right to deal the cards typically rotates among the players clockwise, but a button may still be used.
After the initial deal, the first of what may be several betting rounds begins. Between rounds, the players' hands develop in some way, often by being dealt additional cards or replacing cards previously dealt. During a round of betting, there will always be a current bet amount, which is the total amount of money bet in this round by the player who bet last in this round. To keep better track of this, it is conventional for players to not place their bets directly into the pot (called splashing the pot), but rather place them in front of themselves toward the pot, until the betting round is over. When the round is over, the bets are then gathered into the pot.
After the first betting round is completed (every participating player having called an equal amount), there may be more rounds in which more cards are dealt in various ways, followed by further rounds of betting (into the same central pot). At any time during the first or subsequent betting rounds, if one player makes a bet and all other players fold, the deal ends immediately, the single remaining player is awarded the pot, no cards are shown, no more rounds are dealt, and the next deal begins. This is what makes it possible to bluff.
At the end of the last betting round, if more than one player remains, there is a showdown in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant being played wins the pot.
Hands
The following are poker hands, from best to worst:
Straight flush: Five cards of the same suit in sequence (if those five are A, K, Q, J, 10; it is a Royal Flush)
Four of a kind: Four cards of the same rank and any one other card
Full house: Three cards of one rank and two of another
Flush: Five cards of the same suit
Straight: Five cards in sequence (for example, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Three of a kind: Three cards of the same rank
Two pair: Two cards of one rank and two cards of another
One pair: Two cards of the same rank
High card: If no one has a pair, the highest card wins
Poker Chips
Poker chips are small disks. They made by various materials including molded plastic, colored metal molded clays. They are used in table games as play money. Modern poker traces its roots towards the 1800s, and in those days, players used what you could to help keep a tally. Coins, gold dust and nuggets were used until they considered replacing with something which would indicate them. Thus, the casino chips happen to be introduced within the gambling business.
Poker rooms started using casino chips to simply manage the cash and then collect charges. In those days, casino chips were created of ivory, bone, paper wood. However, the most generally used chips were created of composite clay. One problem made an appearance due to the developing casino chips which was cheating. Some players considered sneaking some chips in their hands. To avoid this, manufacturers created differentiated disks. Consequently, a range of styles was created. With time, other manufacturers could use many other materials for making casino chips, for example, plastic and metal.
Poker variations
Texas hold'em
Omaha hold'em
Five card draw
Five card stud
Seven card stud
References |
10897 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Salvador | El Salvador | El Salvador () is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital and largest city is San Salvador. Other important cities are: Santa Ana and Sonsonate. El Salvador borders the Pacific Ocean on the south, and the countries of Guatemala to the west and Honduras to the north and east.
Background
In 2010 El Salvador ranked in the top 10 Latin American countries in terms of Human Development Index. It was in the top 3 in Central America (behind Costa Rica and Panama). Also, tropical forests and overall forests have expanded by nearly 20% from the year 1992 to 2010, making it one of the few countries experiencing reforestation.
In El Salvador there are only two seasons. The dry season starts in mid-October and it lasts until mid May. During the dry season, it hardly ever rains. The wet season starts in mid-May and ends in mid-October. In this season it rains every day. The dry season is called summer and the rainy season is called winter.
Most of the population is mestizo, a mixture of European and American people.
In June 2021, it became the first country in the world to make Bitcoin a legal tender. In September 2021, the country began accepting Bitcoin as an official currency, making it the first country to do so.
History
The civilization of El Salvador began around 1500 B.C., leaving an evidence that would be the Tazumal Ruins and Chalchuapa Ruins. The first habitants were Pocomanes, Lencas and Pipiles; they stayed in the middle and east zone of El Salvador until about the eleventh century. The Spaniard Andrés Niño led an expedition from Central America and arrived in Meanguera Island in the Gulf of Fonseca on May 31, 1522. That was the first Salvadoran territory visited by Spaniard men.
In June of 1524, Pedro de Alvarado began a war of conquest against Cuzcatlán (Land of beautiful things) that was populated by native tribes of the country. During 17 days of bloody battles many natives and Spaniard men died, including the native Atlacatl. Pedro de Alvarado, deterred and injured, left the battle and set off to Guatemala, leaving his brother, Gonzalo de Alvarado, to continue the conquest of Cuzcatlan. After this, their cousin, Diego de Alvardo established the San Salvador Ville on April 1525 in a site named La Bermuda, near Suchitoto City. In 1546, Carlos I from Spain named San Salvador a city.
During the following years, the country grew under Spaniard control. In 1810 a feeling of freedom formed between the countries of Central America. On the morning of November 5th, 1811, the priest José Matías Delgado rang the bells of La Merced Church in San Salvador, calling for an uprising. After many internal conflicts, the Declaration of Independence of Central América was signed in Guatemala on September 15th, 1821. That day is the Independence day all around Central America.
Geography
El Salvador has a total area of . As the smallest country in continental America, El Salvador is sometimes called Pulgarcito de America (the "Tom Thumb of the Americas"). The highest point in El Salvador is Cerro El Pital, at , on the border with Honduras.
El Salvador has a long history of destructive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors. El Salvador has over twenty volcanoes. Two of them, San Miguel and Izalco, have been active in recent years.
El Salvador has over 300 rivers. The most important is the Rio Lempa. Important lakes are Lake Ilopango (70 km²) and Lake Coatepeque (26 km²).
Flora and Fauna
There are eight species of sea turtles in the world. Of these six nest on the coasts of Central America, and four make their home on the Salvadoran coast: the leatherback turtle, the hawksbill, the Galapagos green turtle and the olive ridley sea turtle.
It is estimated that there are 500 species of birds, 1,000 species of butterflies, 400 species of orchids, 800 species of trees, and 800 species of marine fish in El Salvador.
There are 4 national parks in El Salvador: El Imposible, Los Volcanes, Montecristo, and San Diego y San Felipe Las Barras.
Departments
El Salvador is divided into 14 departments (departamentos). These are divided into 262 municipalities (municipios).
Department names and abbreviations for the 14 Salvadoran Departments:
References
Spanish-speaking countries
1821 establishments in North America |
10898 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle%20of%20Hainaut | Isabelle of Hainaut | Isabelle of Hainaut (5 April, 1170 - 15 March, 1190) was a Queen of France. She was born in Lille on 5 April 1170. Her father was Baldwin V of Hainaut and her mother was Margaret I of Flanders. She married Philip II of France in 1180.
1170 births
1190 deaths
Kings and Queens consort of France
People from Lille |
10901 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria | Fragaria | is the Latin name used in science for the genus of about 20 species of strawberries, plants in the rose family that grow small sweet red fruit. The most well-known and most grown of these species is the strawberry Fragaria× ananassa. The other species are informally known as the wildstrawberries.
Name is a Latin word for the group of "strawberry-like" plants, formed by putting ("strawberry") together with the ending , which here means something close to the English "-like".
History
People have eaten different kinds of wild strawberries for thousands of years. In Europe, people usually grew the woodland strawberry. Dutch people learned how to eat them through most of the year by planting their seeds at different times, letting them harvest for 9 months out of 12. The Alpine strawberry became popular around the 1650s because it was a little bigger and could grow in places with less strong sunlight, like the British islands in the late fall. Today's bigger "garden" strawberry was first made around Brest in Brittany (northwest France) in the 1750s. It was made by joining the Virginia strawberry from eastern North America to the European Hautbois and the Chilean strawberry from western South America.
Kinds
The species of the genus are:
Strawberry or garden strawberry ()
Woodland strawberry ()
Alpine strawberry ()
Virginia strawberry ()
Chilean strawberry ('')
Fruit
The real fruit of the strawberries are the achenes, which people usually think of as the little seeds around the outside of the larger red "fruit". What people think is the "fruit" is really the swollen stems between these fruit. This kind of fruit, where different ovaries grow into a single larger fruit, is called an "aggregate fruit".
References
Strawberries |
10902 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859 | 1859 |
Events
The Suez Canal begins to be built in Egypt.
January 24 - Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza under the name Romania (see December 1 1918 for the final unification, Transylvania and other regions are still missing at that time).
Deaths
Date unknown – Mahmud Bayazidi, Kurdish polymath
John Brown |
10903 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Simon | Paul Simon | Paul Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American musician and songwriter. He is of Jewish descent and became famous as a member of Simon and Garfunkel, with his friend, Art Garfunkel. He wrote their songs. The two went their separate ways in the early 1970s and since then Simon has become a successful solo artist.
Paul Simon had his first success in 1958 when his song "Hey Schoolgirl" got to Number 49 on the US charts. He was performing with his friend Art Garfunkel in an act called "Tom and Jerry". His next success was in 1965 with "Sounds of Silence" which went to Number 1. This was also performed with Garfunkel under the name "Simon and Garfunkel.
Some of Simon's most famous songs include "Slip Sliding Away", "American Tune", "Late in the Evening", "Still Crazy After All These Years", "Me and Julio Down By the School Yard" and "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover". His 1986 album Graceland is very well-known. He is still producing music. His newest album is called Surprise.
Simon has received three honorary doctorates in music, including one from Yale University and one from Berklee College of Music. In 2006, Time said that he was one of the 100 people who shape our world.
Discography
Paul Simon (WEA), 1972
There Goes Rhymin' Simon, (WEA), 1973
Still Crazy After All These Years, (WEA), 1975
One-Trick Pony, (Warner Bros.), 1980
Hearts and Bones, (Warner Bros.), 1983
Graceland, (Warner Bros.), 1986
Rhythm of the Saints, (Warner Bros) 1990
Songs from the Capeman, (Warner Bros.), 1997
You're the One, (Warner Bros), 2000
Surprise, (Warner Bros), 2006
References
1941 births
Living people
American pop singers
Jewish American musicians
Kennedy Center honorees |
10904 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley%20Jones | Shirley Jones | Shirley Jones (b. March 31, 1934) is an American and singer and actress. She appeared in movie musicals, singing a leading role in movies such as Oklahoma!, The Music Man, and Carousel.
Jones had a supporting role in the movie Elmer Gantry, starring actor Burt Lancaster. She is also famous for her role as Shirley Partridge on the television series The Partridge Family.
Personal life
She was married to Jack Cassidy, from 1956 to 1977, and had three sons with him, Shaun, Patrick, and Ryan. Her stepson is David Cassidy who co-starred with her on The Partridge Family. After she divorced Cassidy she married Marty Ingels on November 13, 1977. Their marriage would last until Ingels' death in October 2015.
Other websites
http://www.shirleyjones.com
1934 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Warner Bros. Records artists |
10905 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeForest%20Kelley | DeForest Kelley | Jackson DeForest Kelley (January 20, 1920 – June 11, 1999) was an American actor.
Roles
Kelley is most famous for his role as Dr. Leonard McCoy of the USS Enterprise in the television series Star Trek and the six movies that followed.
Also known as well as an older Admiral Dr. Leonard McCoy, Star Fleet Surgeon General Emeritus, in the Star Trek: The Next Generation television pilot, "Encounter at Farpoint".
Other websites
1920 births
1999 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
Deaths from stomach cancer |
10906 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Bakula | Scott Bakula | Scott Bakula (October 9, 1954) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles on the television shows, Quantum Leap and Star Trek: Enterprise.
Other websites
Shenandoah at Ford's Theatre.
Scott Bakula 2000 Interview on Sidewalks Entertainment
American television actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
1954 births
Living people |
10907 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry | Forestry | Forestry means working to take care of forests. Someone who has a job looking after forests is called a forester.
Forests are very important for the world today. Much of the water cycle and carbon cycle goes through forests. Many of them are disappearing because people destroy them for firewood or to make farms. A forester makes sure the forest and all the animals that live there are healthy. Foresters also make sure the forest is in good condition for people to use. They makes sure that forests are not destroyed by wildfires before they are ready to use for timber production (cutting down trees to use the wood).
Forests are important for recreation (letting people enjoy them). They are very important today because humans produce a lot of carbon dioxide and the trees in forests help to turn this back into oxygen, which we breathe to live. Foresters also help the government figure out what to do about artificial forestry. Many universities offer forestry courses. Forestry students also study zoology, botany and ecology.
Natural sciences |
10913 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20United%20States%20soccer%20teams | List of United States soccer teams |
Major League Soccer
Eastern Conference
Atlanta United FC
Charlotte FC
Chicago Fire FC
Columbus Crew
Cincinnati FC
D.C. United
Inter Miami CF
CF Montréal
New England Revolution
New York City FC
New York Red Bulls
Orlando City SC
Philadelphia Union
Toronto FC
Western Conference
Austin FC
Colorado Rapids
FC Dallas
Houston Dynamo FC
LA Galaxy
Los Angeles FC
Minnesota United FC
Nashville SC
Portland Timbers
Real Salt Lake
San Jose Earthquakes
Seattle Sounders FC
Sporting Kansas City
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Future teams
St. Louis City SC – starts play in 2023
USL Championship
Eastern Conference
Atlanta United 2
Birmingham Legion
Charleston Battery
Detroit City FC
Hartford Athletic
Indy Eleven
Loudoun United
Louisville City FC
Memphis 901
Miami FC
New York Red Bulls II
Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC
Tampa Bay Rowdies
FC Tulsa
Western Conference
Colorado Springs Switchbacks
El Paso Locomotive FC
LA Galaxy II
Las Vegas Lights FC
Monterey Bay FC
New Mexico United
Oakland Roots SC
Orange County SC
Phoenix Rising FC
Portland Timbers 2
Rio Grande Valley FC Toros
Sacramento Republic FC
San Antonio FC
San Diego Loyal SC
On hiatus
OKC Energy FC – plans to resume play in 2023
Future teams
Queensboro FC – plans to start play in 202
Buffalo – plans to start play in 2023
Rhode Island – plans to start play in 2023
Des Moines – plans to start play in 2024
USL League One
One of three leagues that forms the current third level.
Central Valley Fuego FC
Charlotte Independence
Chattanooga Red Wolves SC
Forward Madison FC
Greenville Triumph FC
North Carolina FC
Northern Colorado Hailstorm FC
Union Omaha
Richmond Kickers
South Georgia Tormenta FC
FC Tucson
Future teams
Fort Wayne FC – plans to start play in 202
Lexington – plans to start play in 2023
Spokane – plans to start play in 2023
National Independent Soccer Association
Another third-level league.
MLS Next Pro
Formed in 2021, starting play in 2022, as a dedicated MLS developmental league also at the third level. Of the 21 teams in the first season, only Rochester New York FC is not owned and operated by an MLS team.
Eastern Conference
Chicago
Cincinnati
Columbus Crew 2
Fort Lauderdale CF (Inter Miami)
New England Revolution II
New York City FC II
Orlando City B
Philadelphia Union II
Rochester New York FC
Toronto FC II
Western Conference
Colorado Rapids 2
Houston Dynamo 2
Minnesota United 2
North Texas SC (FC Dallas)
Portland Timbers 2
Real Monarchs
San Jose
Sporting Kansas City II
St. Louis
Tacoma Defiance (Seattle Sounders FC)
Vancouver
USL League Two
Central Conference
Great Lakes Division
Chicago Fire Premier – reserve side of the MLS team
Chicago Inferno
Cincinnati Kings
Hamilton Rage (from Hamilton, Ontario)
Forest City London (from London, Ontario)
Flint City Bucks
River City Rovers (from Louisville, Kentucky)
Toronto Lynx
Heartland Division
Des Moines Menace
Kansas City Brass
Real Colorado Foxes (from Highlands Ranch, a suburb of Denver)
Springfield Demize
St. Louis Lions
Thunder Bay Chill
WSA Winnipeg
Eastern Conference
Mid-Atlantic Division
Baltimore Bohemians
Bermuda Hogges
Brooklyn Knights
Central Jersey Spartans
Jersey Express
Long Island Rough Riders
New Jersey Rangers
Ocean City Nor'easters
Reading United
Westchester Flames
Northeast Division
Boston Victory
Connecticut FC Azul
GPS Portland Phoenix
Ottawa Fury
Seacoast United Phantoms (from Portsmouth, New Hampshire)
Vermont Voltage
Western Mass Pioneers
Worcester Hydra
South Atlantic Division
Carolina Dynamo
Fredericksburg Hotspur
Nashville Metros
Northern Virginia Royals
Palmetto FC Bantams (from Greenwood, South Carolina)
Real Maryland Monarchs
Southern West Virginia King's Warriors (from Beckley)
Virginia Beach Piranhas
West Virginia Chaos (from Charleston)
Southern Conference
Mid-South Division
Austin Aztex
El Paso Patriots
Laredo Heat
New Orleans Jesters
Texas Dutch Lions
West Texas Sockers (from Midland)
Southeast Division
Bradenton Academics
FC JAX Destroyers
Fort Lauderdale Schulz Academy
Mississippi Brilla (from Jackson)
Ocala Stampede
Orlando City U-23 – reserve side of the USL Pro team Orlando City
Panama City Beach Pirates
VSI Tampa Flames
Western Conference
Northwest Division
Fraser Valley Mariners (from Abbotsford, British Columbia)
Kitsap Pumas (from Bremerton, Washington)
North Sound SeaWolves (from Everett, Washington)
Portland Timbers U23's – reserve side of the MLS team
Seattle Sounders U23's – reserve side of the MLS team
Vancouver Whitecaps Residency – reserve side of the MLS team
Victoria Highlanders
Washington Crossfire (from Seattle, plays home games in nearby Redmond)
Southwest Division
BYU Cougars – owned and operated by Brigham Young University, but not part of the school's NCAA athletic department
Fresno Fuego
Pali Blues – reserve side of the USL Pro team Los Angeles Blues
Los Angeles Misioneros
Ogden Outlaws
Orange County Blue Star
Southern California Seahorses
FC Tucson
Ventura County Fusion
Structure of women's soccer
The professional division of U.S. Soccer has had three different first-division women's leagues. The first, the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA), was founded in 2001, but folded due to large debts after the 2003 season. The second, Women's Professional Soccer (WPS), was effectively a successor to WUSA, although it did not begin until 2009. Like WUSA before it, WPS played three seasons, but also lost large amounts of money; it first decided not to play its planned 2012 season, and then completely folded in May of that year.
After WPS folded, the effective top level of women's soccer in the U.S. was WPSL Elite, a "semi-pro" league that had both professional and amateur teams. WPSL Elite was created by the Women's Premier Soccer League, one of two second-division women's leagues, as an outlet for former WPS teams, as well as WPSL teams that wanted to play professionally. WPSL Elite played in 2012 with eight teams; six were professional, and three once played in WPS. The other second-division league was the W-League, part of the United Soccer Leagues. WPSL Elite was planned as a temporary league before a possible return of WPS.
In late 2012, a totally new top-level league was created, known as the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It was run by U.S. Soccer until 2020, and started play in 2013 with eight teams, four of which had been members of WPS. The league added teams in 2014 and 2016 to become a 10-team league, making it the first professional women's league in the U.S. to have more than eight teams and last more than three seasons. The league dropped to 9 teams in 2017, but returned to 10 in 2021 and further expanded to 12 for 2022.
Women's United Soccer Association
Operated from 2001–2003.
Atlanta Beat
Boston Breakers
Carolina Courage
New York Power
Philadelphia Charge
San Diego Spirit
San Jose CyberRays
Washington Freedom
Women's Professional Soccer
Operated from 2009–2011.
Atlanta Beat (joined WPS in 2010)
Boston Breakers (now in the NWSL)
Chicago Red Stars (dropped to the WPSL after the 2010 season; later in WPSL Elite, and now in the NWSL)
FC Gold Pride (from the San Francisco Bay Area; folded after the 2010 season)
Los Angeles Sol (folded after the 2009 season)
magicJack (formerly the Washington Freedom; played in South Florida)
Philadelphia Independence (joined WPS in 2010)
Saint Louis Athletica (folded during the 2010 season)
Sky Blue FC (from the New York City area; now in the NWSL as NJ/NY Gotham FC)
Washington Freedom (moved to South Florida after the 2010 season and renamed magicJack)
Western New York Flash (an offshoot of the WPSL's Buffalo Flash, and playing home games in Rochester; joined WPS in 2011, later moved to WPSL Elite, still later to the NWSL; now a youth-only operation)
WPSL Elite
ASA Chesapeake Charge (based in the Baltimore area)
Boston Breakers
Chicago Red Stars
FC Indiana (based in the Indianapolis area; plays throughout the state)
New England Mutiny (based in the Springfield, Massachusetts area)
New York Fury (based on Long Island)
Philadelphia Fever
Western New York Flash
National Women's Soccer League
Currently Operating
Angel City FC
Chicago Red Stars
Houston Dash
Kansas City Current
NJ/NY Gotham FC
North Carolina Courage
OL Reign
Orlando Pride
Portland Thorns FC
Racing Louisville FC
San Diego Wave FC
Washington Spirit
W-League
Central Conference
Atlantic Division
Atlanta Silverbacks
Bradenton Athletics
Carolina Dynamo
Central Florida Krush
Charlotte Lady Eagles
Cocoa Expos
Hampton Roads Piranhas
Richmond Kickers Destiny
Midwest Division
Chicago Gaels
Cincinnati Ladyhawks
Cleveland Internationals
Fort Wayne Fever
London Gryphons
Michigan Hawks
Minnesota Lightning
West Michigan Firewomen
Eastern Conference
Northeast Division
Boston Renegades
Long Island Lady Riders
New Hampshire Lady Phantoms
New Jersey Wildcats
New York Magic
Northern Virginia Majestics
South Jersey Banshees
Western Mass Lady Pioneers
Northern Division
Hamilton Avalanche
Laval Comets
Ottawa Fury
Rochester Rhinos
Sudbury Canadians
Toronto Lady Lynx
Vermont Lady Voltage
Western Conference
Fort Collins Force
Mile High Edge
Real Colorado Cougars
San Diego Gauchos
Seattle Sounders
Vancouver Whitecaps
Professional indoor soccer
Indoor soccer is a form of soccer played inside a building, sometimes called an arena, instead of in a stadium on a grass field. There is one league playing indoor soccer in North America, and that is the Major Arena Soccer League. The MASL is part of the USSF. It is also the only league in the United States to have a Mexican team.
Major Arena Soccer League (MASL)
Eastern Division
Baltimore Blast
Harrisburg Heat
Syracuse Silver Knights
Waza Flo
Central Division
Cedar Rapids Rampage
Chicago Mustangs
Milwaukee Wave
Kansas City Comets
St. Louis Ambush
Southwest Division
Atletico Baja (Mexico)
Brownsville Barracudas
Las Vegas Legends
Saltillo Rancho Seco (Mexico)
Sacramento Surge
Turlock Express
Pacific Division
Dallas Sidekicks
Ontario Fury
San Diego Sockers
Sonora Suns (Mexico)
Tacoma Stars
Related pages
United States soccer league system
Other websites
Official sites
U.S. Soccer Federation
Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup
Major League Soccer
National Women's Soccer League
United Soccer League, operator of:
USL Championship
USL League One
USL League Two
USL W League
National Independent Soccer Association
Major Indoor Soccer League
Women's Premier Soccer League
Lists of football teams
Soccer teams |
10914 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/800s%20BC | 800s BC |
Events
The poet, Homer is thought to have lived.
Dido, Queen of Carthage is thought to have lived.
804 BC - The empire of Assyria takes over the city of Damascus.
804 BC - The Egyptian ruler Pedubastis I dies.
Ancient Italian society develops.
Olmec people start to build pyramids. |
10915 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon | Oregon | Oregon is a state in the United States. Salem is the capital (where most of the state government works), and Portland is the city with the most people. Oregon was the 33rd state to join the United States, in 1859.
Geography
The state of Washington is to the north of Oregon. California and Nevada are to the south. Idaho is to the east. The Pacific Ocean is to the west.
The Columbia River flows along most of the border with Washington. The Snake River flows along much of the border with Idaho. The highest mountain is Mount Hood ( high), part of the Cascade Range of mountains. Another famous Cascade Mountain in Oregon is Mount Mazama, better known as Crater Lake.
History
Oregon was a long way from the United States of America, which was east of the Mississippi river in the 1830s and 1840s. To get to Oregon, settlers had to cross the Great Plains, which were empty except for a few forts and groups of Native Americans. Most people thought that it was impossible to farm there. They called it the "Great American Desert", because crossing it was long and dangerous; however, thousands did anyway.
Mountain men (people who knew a lot about living in mountainous places) had found a passway over the Rocky Mountains, and they named it the South Pass. This path helped many wagons to reach the west coast. In 1836 a missionary named Marcus Whitman crossed through the pass with his wife to Oregon. This proved that it was possible for others with women and families to go too, and because of this, Oregon suddenly became the place pioneers wanted to make a trip to.
Most of the settlers that came by the Oregon Trail had a very difficult trip. The Trail began in Missouri, and they went in covered wagons pulled by animals like bulls. They could only travel 100 miles in one week, and so the whole trip would take half a year. But still, lots of pioneers traveled so much that it is still possible to see the wagon ruts in some places today.
Life on the trail was very hard for the pioneers. Every day, they would break up and camp, travel all day, and set up camp again. Food was usually beans and coffee, for every single day of the trip. The travelers always searched for water, wood for fires, and something to catch and eat fresh. But these were hard to find, and so sometimes they got mad at each other and fought with fists and guns.
The Trail was also dangerous. Rivers could flood, washing away people and other things. Native Americans could attack, oxen or horses could die, and diseases and injuries could strike.
By 1840, due to all the hard work of the pioneers, there were thousands of Americans in Oregon. Towns and farms had been set up. The area was part of British North America at the time. But the British, however, only had a few hundred settlers in Oregon. Because of this, the Americans began to plan to take over the whole land.
Many Americans wanted this as well. They made up the slogan, "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" and wanted all of Oregon up to latitude 54 or they would go to war with Britain to get it. They were so eager to have Oregon all for themselves, they supported James Polk as president because he claimed to have similar thoughts with them as well.
However, after President Polk was elected, he began to be more sensible. He did not want to wage war with Britain, if it could be avoided. The British also realized that the Americans would soon have enough settlers in Oregon to easily drive out the British defenders. In 1846 the British offered to divide Oregon by giving most of the border land between the USA and what is now Canada. President Polk accepted this, and so now the Americans had power over Oregon as well as the other states.
Education
There are a number of colleges and universities in Oregon. The four-year universities with the most students are Portland State University, Oregon State University, and the University of Oregon.
Related pages
List of counties in Oregon
References
Other websites
Official Oregon website
1859 establishments in the United States |
10917 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas | Arkansas | Arkansas, nicknamed the Land of Opportunity or The Natural State, is a state in the United States of America. Its capital and largest city is Little Rock. It has been estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015 that around 2,978,204 people live in Arkansas.
History
Arkansas became the 25th state to enter the Union in 1836. During the American Civil War, Arkansas was one of the Confederate states, however, it was the second state to be put back in to the U.S. in the Reconstruction. Native Americans first settled in the state before the arrival of Europeans. African American slaves were imported to Arkansas for slavery.
Geography
Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, and Tennessee and Mississippi on the east. The United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state. The Mississippi River forms most of Arkansas's eastern border, except in Clay and Greene counties. There the St. Francis River forms the western boundary of the Missouri Bootheel.
Arkansas has many rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Arkansas has few natural lakes but many reservoirs such as Bull Shoals Lake, Lake Ouachita, Greers Ferry Lake, Millwood Lake, Beaver Lake, Norfork Lake, DeGray Lake, and Lake Conway.
Arkansas is home to many caves, such as Blanchard Springs Caverns. More than 43,000 Native American living, hunting and tool making sites have been catalogued by the State Archeologist. Arkansas is currently the only U.S. state in which diamonds are mined. This is done by members of the public with primitive digging tools for a small daily fee, not by commercial interests.
Arkansas is home to a bunch of Wilderness Areas totaling around . These areas are set aside for outdoor recreation and are open to hunting, fishing, hiking, and camping. No vehicles are allowed in these areas.
Religion
Arkansas, like most other Southern states, is part of the Bible Belt. It is mostly Protestant. The largest denominations by number of followers in 2000 were the Southern Baptist Convention with 665,307; the United Methodist Church with 179,383; the Roman Catholic Church with 115,967; and the American Baptist Association with 115,916.
Education
Education in Arkansas has been an issue. Part of the problem has been low teacher salaries and small budgets for spending on students. Other problems have been not wanting to integrate, and poor school facilities.
Arkansas has two university systems: Arkansas State University System and University of Arkansas System. Some other public institutions are Arkansas Tech University, Henderson State University, Southern Arkansas University, and University of Central Arkansas. It is also home to 11 private colleges and universities. One of them being Hendrix College, one of the nation's top 100 liberal arts colleges, according to U.S. News & World Report.
Culture
Arkansas is notable for its bauxite mines. Arkansas was also the first U.S. state where diamonds were found. Notable Arkansans include Bill Clinton, who was governor of Arkansas before he became the President of the United States, Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, Johnny Cash, a famous guitarist known as "The Man In Black", and Rodger Bumpass, Who voices Squidward Tentacles on the Nickelodeon show SpongeBob SquarePants.
Attractions
Arkansas is home to many areas protected by the National Park System. These include:
Arkansas Post National Memorial at Gillett
Buffalo National River
Fort Smith National Historic Site
Hot Springs National Park
Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site
Pea Ridge National Military Park
President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site
Clinton House Museum
Related pages
List of counties in Arkansas
List of rivers of Arkansas
Notes
References
1836 establishments in the United States
Confederate States of America |
10918 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Englund | Robert Englund | Robert Englund (born June 6, 1949 in Glendale, California) is an American actor. He is most famous for playing Freddy Krueger in the A Nightmare on Elm Street movies.
References
Other websites
Robert Englund's official website
Robert Englund interview with the Horror Asylum
Robert Englund interview by Ladyghost
Robert Englund interview by AOL Canada
Robert Englund interview with The Phantom Zone
1949 births
Living people
American movie actors
A Nightmare on Elm Street
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Glendale, California |
10921 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20IV%20of%20France | Henry IV of France | Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was part of the Capetian dynasty and the first king of the Bourbon family in France.
Life
Henry IV was born in Pau. He was the son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne of Navarre. He was baptised in a Catholic ceremony, but as he grew up, his mother led him to become a Protestant. On 18 August 1572, Henry married Margaret of Valois. She was the sister of Charles IX. He became the King of Navarre in the same year.
Since 1562, there had been a a series of wars in France which were mostly fought between Catholics and Protestants, and sometimes with more than one groups of Catholics fighting each other. In 1584, Henry became the heir to the throne of France. Most people in France were Catholics, and many of them did not want a Protestant king. This led to the War of the Three Henrys between Henry of Navarre, the existing Catholic king Henry III and Catholic League leader Henry, Duke of Guise. Although both Henry III and Guise were Catholics, they did not get on with each other. Guise was murdered in 1588 and Henry III was murdered the following year.
Henry of Navarre could now be crowned King of France, but he still faced opposition from the Catholic League. After four years of fighting, he decided to convert to being Catholic. He supposedly said "Paris is well worth a Mass." After this, the opposition to Henry died down. In 1598, Henry made the Edict of Nantes. This law allowed people in France to be Protestant, even though most people were Catholic. In Europe at the time, a policy like this was unusual. Most countries forced people to be either Catholic or Protestant. However, the Edict did not make the Protestants fully equal.
Henry's children were Louis XIII and Henrietta Maria of France, who married Charles I and became the Queen of England. He was a friend of Michel of Montaigne.
During his reign, he built the Grande Galerie onto the Louvre. Two landmarks in Paris were started during his reign: the Pont Neuf and the Place des Vosges.
Henry was murdered by a Catholic fanatic on a street in Paris on 14 May 1610.
Reputation
At first, many people in France did not want Henry to be king, because he was a Protestant. Although this mostly ended once he joined the Catholic Church, some Catholics called him a liar, while some Protestants called him a traitor. It was only after his death that he became known as Good King Henry (in French, le bon roi Henri) and one of France's most popular kings. During the early years of the French Revolution, Henry IV was celebrated as an example of what a king should be. He was also celebrated during the Bourbon Restoration.
Henry IV is remembered for being the king who ended the French Wars of Religion, and for his policy of allowing more than one church in his country, which was unusual in those days. He was also known for trying to make sure that poor people had enough to eat. He once said he wished that there could be "a chicken in every pot on a Sunday."
In 2010 scientists found part of his embalmed head and used forensic tests to prove that it was his. It had been stolen from the tombs of the French kings and queens in Saint Denis in 1793 at the time of the French Revolution.
Children
References
1553 births
1610 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
House of Bourbon
French Roman Catholics
People with foods named after them
Princes of Andorra |
10922 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20of%20Valois | Margaret of Valois | Margaret of Valois (May 14, 1553 – May 27, 1615) was a Princess of France and a member of the house of Valois.
Her father was Henry II of France and her mother was Catherine of Medici. She was also the sister of Francis II of France, Charles IV of France and Henry III of France. Margaret was then married to Henry IV of France.
The author Alexandre Dumas, père wrote a book about Margaret called Queen Margot.
1553 births
1615 deaths
House of Valois
French princesses |
10923 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Margot | Queen Margot | Queen Margot is a book written in 1845 by Alexandre Dumas, père. It is a story about Margaret of Valois and Henry IV of France. The same author wrote many other books including The Man in the Iron Mask, The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers.
1845 books |
10924 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta%20Maria%20of%20France | Henrietta Maria of France | Henrietta Maria of France (November 25, 1609 - September 10, 1669) was the youngest daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. She was born in the Louvre Palace in Paris on November 25, 1609. She was a Roman Catholic.
Henrietta Maria married Charles I and became the Queen of England.
Issue
1609 births
1669 deaths
People from Paris
Kings and Queens consort of England
House of Stuart
House of Bourbon
Kings and Queens consort of Scotland
Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
French Roman Catholics |
10930 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna | Madonna | Madonna could mean:
Mary (mother of Jesus), called "The Madonna".
Madonna (entertainer) - American singer, actress, and writer.
Madona, a city in Latvia. |
10931 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna%20%28entertainer%29 | Madonna (entertainer) | Madonna Louise Ciccone, commonly known as Madonna (born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, author, director, philanthropist, businesswoman, record producer, film director, and humanitarian. Madonna was born in Bay City, Michigan, but she moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance.
During her career, she has sold over 300 million records worldwide and is the top-selling female artist of all time. Some of her most famous albums are Like a Virgin, True Blue, Like a Prayer, Ray of Light and Confessions On a Dance-Floor. She has won seven Grammy awards. Madonna is considered the "Queen Of Pop" due to her extremely successful career on music and for being the most selling female singer in history. She has been in many movies; she received positive reviews for her role in Desperately Seeking Susan (1985). Her later movies received mixed reviews. She received critical acclaim and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Evita (1996). She got harsh feedback for other performances.
1983–89: Madonna, Like a Virgin, True Blue, and Like a Prayer
After the release of some dance hits she released her first album, Madonna, in 1983. The album was a great success. Her next album, Like a Virgin (1984), sold over 6 million copies in the United States only and overall 10 million copies worldwide. Her album True Blue has sold 25 million copies. Her album Like a Prayer caused controversy, as it had to do with Christianity but the album sold over 15 million records worldwide. During the 1980s, Madonna was a huge fashion icon and was an idol for millions of girls and boys. Songs like Like a Virgin, Material Girl, Into the Groove, Papa Don't Preach, Holiday, Lucky Star, La Isla Bonita, and Like a Prayer are believed to be classics.
1990–99: The Immaculate Collection, Erotica, film success, Bedtime Stories, and Ray of Light
In 1990, she released her best selling greatest-hits album The Immaculate Collection which sold over 30 million copies, and this album became the most-sold greatest-hits album in music history. She released a book of naked pictures called SEX in that year. Her album Erotica was a big hit but was criticized by some, the album sold 5 million copies. Madonna starred in the film A League of Their Own, alongside American actor Tom Hanks and comedienne Rosie O'Donnell. In 1994, her album Bedtime Stories was released. She also performed in the movie Evita, which was very successful and released a soundtrack album of the same name. She also received the Golden Globe for Best Actress. Her 1998 album Ray of Light is considered to be a masterpiece and sold over 18 million copies worldwide. Some of her most famous and classic songs of the '90s are Vogue, This Used to Be My Playground, Erotica, Take a Bow, Don't Cry for Me Argentina, You Must Love Me, Frozen and Ray of Light.
2000–10: Music, American Life, Confessions on a Dance Floor, and Hard Candy
In 2000, her album Music sold over 15 million copies worldwide, helped by the global hit song of the same name. Music became her twelfth number-one song on the Billboard Hot 100. She also released a successful greatest hits album titled GHV2. Madonna acted in the film The Next Best Thing, along with Swept Away, which got bad reviews. On October 22, 2002, a single called Die Another Day was released. The music video for the single was the second most expensive music video ever to make. The single reached number one in several countries. Her 2003 album, American Life, reached #1 in many countries but it was criticized by some, as it was against war in Iraq and sold 5 million copies. In 2005, her album Confessions on a Dance Floor, helped by the singles Hung Up and Sorry that reached #1 in 45 countries, sold 12 million copies. In 2008 she released her album Hard Candy which reached #1 in almost every country in the world and has sold over 4 million copies worldwide. The first single from the album, 4 Minutes, had Justin Timberlake singing in it.
2011–present: W.E., MDNA, Rebel Heart, and Madame X
In 2011, W.E., the second movie directed by Madonna, was released. It got bad reviews.
Madonna performed at the 46th Super Bowl on February 5, 2012. She released her twelfth album, MDNA, in April of that year. The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 album chart. Trinidadian-born American rapper Nicki Minaj was featured on the lead single, Give Me All Your Luvin''', which reached the top ten in the United States and reached number one in Canada. Minaj also raps on the album track I Don't Give A.
Madonna's thirteenth studio album, Rebel Heart, was released in March 2015. It featured the singles Living For Love and Bitch I'm Madonna featuring frequent collaborator Nicki Minaj. The Rebel Heart World Tour made $169.8 million.
Her fourteenth studio album, Madame X, was released on June 14, 2019, and became her ninth number-one album in the US. It featured collaborations with Maluma, Quavo, Swae Lee & Anitta. It has sold 90,000 copies in the US so far. She will be going on a theatre-only tour to promote it.
Tours
Her tours during the 80's ("Who's That Girl Tour," "Blond Ambition Tour," etc.) were very successful. Her 1993 "The Girlie Show Tour" was very controversial—some thought of it as bad—but was a great success. The "Drowned World Tour" and the "Re-Invention World Tour" were the most successful tours of their years. The "Confessions Tour" was very successful and the "Sticky & Sweet Tour," with over $408 million earned, became the most successful tour of all time for a solo artist.
The Virgin Tour (1985) (US only): the tour grossed $33 million.
Who's That Girl World Tour (1987): the tour grossed $25 million.
Blond Ambition Tour (1990): the tour grossed $60 million.
The Girlie Show World Tour (1993): the tour grossed $70 million.
Drowned World Tour (2001): the tour grossed $75 million.
Re-Invention World Tour (2004): the tour grossed $125 million.
Confessions Tour (2006): the tour grossed $194 million.
Sticky & Sweet Tour (2008-2009): the tour grossed $408 million.
MDNA Tour (2012): the tour grossed $302 million.
Rebel Heart Tour (2015)Madame X Tour (2019)
Discography
Madonna (1983): 10 million copies sold.
Like a Virgin (1984): 21 million copies sold.
True Blue (1986): 25 million copies sold.
Like a Prayer (1989): 15 million copies sold.
Erotica (1992): 5 million copies sold.
Bedtime Stories (1994): 7 million copies sold.
Ray of Light (1998): 18 million copies sold.
Music (2000): 15 million copies sold.
American Life (2003): 4 million copies sold.
Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005): 12 million copies sold.
Hard Candy (2008): 4 million copies sold.
MDNA (2012): 2 million copies sold.
Rebel Heart (2015)
Madame X (2019)
Madonna has had 12 number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100. They are:
Like a Virgin Crazy for You Live to Tell Papa Don't Preach Open Your Heart Who's That Girl? Like a Prayer Vogue Justify My Love This Used to Be My Playground Take a Bow Music''
Personal life
Madonna is the third of six siblings and was named after her mother, Madonna Fortin, who died of breast cancer when Madonna was only five years old.
Both Madonna's marriages ended in divorce. She was married to Sean Penn from 1985 until 1989 and to Guy Ritchie from 2000 to 2008. She has a daughter, Lourdes (born 1996), and son, Rocco (born 2000). She adopted a Malawian son, David Banda, and a daughter, Mercy.
In February 2017, it was announced that she had adopted two more Malawian children, twin girls Esther and Stella.
References
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American movie directors
American pop singers
American dance musicians
American singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Michigan
Writers from Michigan
1958 births
Living people |
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