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12345 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Paul | Billy Paul | Billy Paul (Paul Williams; December 1, 1934 – April 24, 2016) was an American R&B singer. His biggest hit was "Me and Mrs. Jones". He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Paul died on the afternoon of April 24, 2016 in Blackwood, New Jersey after suffering from pancreatic cancer at the age of 81.
References
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American R&B singers
Cancer deaths in New Jersey
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
1934 births
2016 deaths |
12346 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita%20Coolidge | Rita Coolidge | Rita Coolidge (born May 1, 1945) is an American singer. During the 1970s and 1980s, she charted hits on Billboard's pop, country, adult contemporary and jazz charts.
Personal life
Coolidge is part Cherokee, and this influences her music.
Coolidge married Tatsuya Suda on June 19, 2012 in the Cook Islands. Coolidge was married to Kris Kristofferson from 1973–1980. They have one daughter, Casey. Coolidge also had romantic relationships with Stephen Stills and Graham Nash. Her leaving Stills for Nash has been said to be a reason behind the 1970 breakup of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.
Discography
Albums (North American)
Albums with Kris Kristofferson
International albums
Related pages
List of country musicians from Tennessee
References
1945 births
Living people
Singers from Tennessee
Grammy Award winners |
12347 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole%20Bayer%20Sager | Carole Bayer Sager | Carole Bayer Sager (born March 8, 1947) is an American songwriter and singer.
Singer-songwriters from New York
Singers from New York City
Grammy Award winners
1947 births
Living people
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters |
12348 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis%20Costello | Elvis Costello | Elvis Costello (born Declan Patrick MacManus, 25 August 1954) is an English singer and songwriter. He was born in London. He was an important musician in the late 1970s punk rock and new wave music styles. In the 1980s, he played an original style of rock and roll. Later he wrote and performed music in a number of different styles from classical to jazz.
Costello has won multiple awards in his career. These include a Grammy Award. He has twice been nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male. In 2003, Elvis Costello & the Attractions were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Costello number 80 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
After two earlier marriages he married jazz pianist Diana Krall in 2003.
Acting
Costello appeared with his friend Burt Bacharach in the 1999 Austin Powers movie The Spy Who Shagged Me. They played "I'll Never Fall In Love Again" during the scene where Mike Myers danced with Heather Graham.
In 2010, Elvis Costello appeared as himself in David Simon's television series, Treme.
In 2011, Elvis Costello appeared as himself on Sesame Street. He did a song with Elmo and Cookie Monster, titled "Monster Went and Ate My Red 2", a play on "(The Angels Wanna Wear My) Red Shoes".
Discography
Studio albums by Elvis Costello (includes albums released with the Attractions and the Imposters):
My Aim Is True (1977)
This Year's Model (1978)
Armed Forces (1979)
Get Happy!! (1980)
Trust (1981)
Almost Blue (1981)
Imperial Bedroom (1982)
Punch the Clock (1983)
Goodbye Cruel World (1984)
King of America (1986)
Blood & Chocolate (1986)
Spike (1989)
Mighty Like a Rose (1991)
The Juliet Letters (1993)
Brutal Youth (1994)
Kojak Variety (1995)
All This Useless Beauty (1996)
When I Was Cruel (2002)
North (2003)
The Delivery Man (2004)
Momofuku (2008)
Secret, Profane & Sugarcane (2009)
National Ransom (2010)
Costello has also released studio albums in collaboration with Richard Harvey, John Harle, Burt Bacharach, Anne Sofie Von Otter, Bill Frisell, Marian McPartland and Allen Toussaint, as well as five live albums: Live at the El Mocambo, Deep Dead Blue, Costello & Nieve, My Flame Burns Blue, and Live at Hollywood High. There have also been many compilations, box sets, and reissues by labels such as Rykodisc, Demon, Rhino, and Universal Music Enterprises.
References
1954 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from London
New wave musicians |
12349 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cure | The Cure | The Cure are a British rock band. They formed in Crawley, West Sussex, England in 1976.
History
The Cure began in 1974 as 'Easy Cure'. It was formed by Robert Smith (vocals, guitar) together with schoolmates Michael Dempsey (bass), Lol Tolhurst (drums), and local guitarist Porl Thompson.
They began writing and demoing their own songs almost immediately, playing throughout 1975 in Southern England to an ever growing army of fans. In September 1976 the 'Easy' was dropped, along with Porl, and an eager trio now known simply as The Cure were quickly signed to Chris Parry's new Fiction label.
First album
In September 1977 their debut album Three Imaginary Boys was released to great acclaim, and as the band toured extensively around the UK, the singles “Boys Don't Cry” and “Jumping Someone Else's Train” were released. Michael left the band at the mid of the year, and Simon Gallup (bass) and Matthieu Hartley (keyboards) joined. In early 1978 the 4-piece Cure embarked on an exploration of the darker side of Robert's songwriting, and emerged with the minimalist classic Seventeen Seconds, along with their first real 'hit single' “A Forest.” They supporting Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias in October 1978.
Results and second album
After an intense world tour Matthieu left the group, and in early 1979 the trio recorded an album of mournful atmospheric soundscapes entitled Faith, which included another successful single in “Primary.”
Third album
The band then set out on a second trip around the world, named “The Picture Tour,” and they put out the single “Charlotte Sometimes.” In 1982 The Cure went back into the studio to record the album “Pornography” which had a dark mood. The trip was difficult for the band members, and the single “The Hanging Garden” came out just as Simon left the band.
First dance single
Robert Smith and Lol Tolhurst were now the only band members. To feel better, the band chose to change the dark mood of the band into a more fun “pop” mood. So they recorded a dance single called “Let's Go To Bed,” and became good friends with the song's film-clip director, Tim Pope. The band continued into 1983 with two more fun singles: “The Walk” and “The Lovecats.”
Fourth album
In 1984 The Top was released, a strange hallucinogenic mix, which contained the infectiously psychedelic single “The Caterpillar.”
Expansion of the band
The world ‘Top Tour’ saw the band expand to a 5-piece, with the addition of Andy Anderson (drums) and Phil Thornalley (bass), and the return of Porl Thompson (guitar).
The new Cure sound was captured live for the album Concert. Andy and Phil left soon after the end of the tour, and were replaced by Boris Williams (drums) and further returnee Simon Gallup (bass). This new incarnation started work on 1985's The Head On The Door with a very real sense of 'something happening'... The vibrant hit single “Inbetween Days” was followed up by “Close To Me,” and the ensuing world tour paved the way for the massive success of the singles collection Standing On A Beach in 1986. That summer saw the band headline the Glastonbury Festival for the first time, and a year of extensive gigs and festivals was crowned by Tim Pope's live concert film The Cure In Orange.
First double album
In 1987 The Cure brought out Kiss Me Kiss Me Kiss Me, an immense double album of extreme and extraordinary stylistic range, and with the arrival of Roger O'Donnell on keyboards the 6-piece Cure traveled the world with the 'Kissing Tour', enjoying four more hit singles along the way. The wonderfully atmospheric Disintegration was demoed in 1988 and released in 1989, and despite being a work of powerful brooding grandeur, it too gave rise to four hit singles. The 'Prayer Tour' followed, with the band back down to a five-piece following the departure of Lol Tolhurst. It was captured live for the album Entreat.
Replacing Roger O'Donnell
In early 1990 Roger O'Donnell left the group, and was replaced by long-time band friend Perry Bamonte, just in time for a series of headlining European festival shows that included the band's second Glastonbury headline slot. The album Mixed Up was released, supported by the re-mixed singles “Never Enough,” “Close To Me” and “A Forest,” and in 1991 The Cure at last won some long overdue “home” recognition with a Brit Award for “Best British Group.”
Sixth album
In 1992 they recorded Wish, a richly diverse multi-faceted guitar driven album hailed by some as their best work to date. It spawned 3 fabulous hit singles, and the glorious ‘Wish Tour' that followed was a worldwide sell out. The sheer power of the shows inspired the release of two live works in 1993, Paris and Show. Immediately after the tour ended, guitarist Porl Thompson left the band again (this time with a smile!), and The Cure headlined the XFM 'Great Xpectations Show' in London's Finsbury Park as a 4-piece. The band also contributed ”Burn” to the film “The Crow” and covered “Purple Haze” for the Hendrix tribute album 'Stone Free'.
Seventh album
In 1994 Boris Williams decided to move on, and in early 1995 Jason Cooper took up residency behind the drum kit, with Roger O'Donnell rejoining once more on keyboards. Work on the next album was interspersed with recording “Dredd Song” for the film “Judge Dredd,” a cover of Bowie's “Young Americans” for an XFM album, and headlining several major European festivals, including the 25th Glastonbury. Wild Mood Swings was released in 1996, and went straight into almost every top ten around the world. The Cure hit the road once more with 'The Swing Tour', their longest to date, and released 4 more singles.
Eighth album
Galore, the follow up singles and video compilation to Standing On A Beach, was released in 1997, after which work took place in 1998 on a variety of projects, including “More than This” for the “X Files” album, and a memorable appearance by Robert in “South Park” In 1999 the band completed the recording and mixing of what many regard as their best studio album so far, the Grammy Nominated Bloodflowers. With its release in 2000 the band set off on the massive world-wide 'Dreamtour' - playing to more than a million people in 9 months.
Ninth album
2001 saw the long-awaited release of the Cure's “Greatest Hits” album, which featured all the band's biggest selling singles along with 2 new songs, the elegiac “Cut Here” and the ebullient “Just Say Yes,” a duet with Saffron. This year also saw the end of the group's relationship with Fiction Records, the label they had been instrumental in starting 23 years before.
Festivals in Europe
In 2002 the band spent the summer headlining a number of European festivals before going into rehearsals for two very special nights in November at the Tempodrom Berlin, where they performed all the tracks from Pornography, Disintegration and Bloodflowers plus encores. Both performances were shot in Hi-Def video on 12 cameras, and Trilogy DVD was released in 2003 as another chapter of The Cure story opened, the band signing a 3 album global deal with the Geffen label.
Tenth album
2004 saw the release of 'Join the Dots', a 4cd Boxset of all the B-sides and Rarities, followed by the widely acclaimed new album ‘The Cure’, and another hugely successful world tour.
In 2005 Perry Bamonte and Roger O’Donnell left the band and Porl Thompson joined for a third time. The quartet’s debut show was headlining Live 8 Paris, followed by a number of other summer European Festivals. The first 4 Cure albums (Three Imaginary Boys, Seventeen Seconds, Faith and Pornography) were re-released, with Robert providing 'rarities' for Deluxe Edition extras CD's, as part of an ongoing campaign to remaster and re-issue all the Cure albums. Immediately after closing a week of Teenage Cancer Trust Shows at the Royal Albert Hall in April 2006, the band started recording their 13th studio album.
Eleventh album
In August 2006, the second set of re-releases (The Top, The Head On The Door, Kiss Me Kiss Me Kiss Me) was released, each album as a 2CD Deluxe Edition, along with 1983’s Glove album Blue Sunshine, while in the studio The Cure passed the 30 new songs mark. In November ‘Festival 2005’, a 155 minute 5.1 DVD comprising a 30 song selection of live performances captured the previous summer by a mix of fans, crew and ‘on-the-night-big-screen cameras’, was released.
Thirteenth album
In 2006 The Cure started writing and recording 4:13 Dream. It was released in 2008. It was going to be a double album but featured 13 songs.
Present
In 2013 the band started The Great Circle Tour.
References
Musical groups established in 1976
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English rock bands
Entertainers from Sussex |
12350 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawley | Crawley | Crawley is a town in West Sussex, England, near to Gatwick Airport. Crawley was built into a New Town in 1947. It now has thirteen neighbourhoods. Some famous people from Crawley are the musical group The Cure, Gareth Southgate, an England football player and comedian Romesh Ranganathan.
Neighborhoods
Pound Hill is the largest neighbourhood in Crawley. It is on the east of Crawley. It was the first one to be split into two wards - Pound Hill North and Pound Hill South. Its boundaries go north beyond the main built-up area of Crawley. This makes it also the most northerly neighbourhood in the town.
Furnace Green is a neighbourhood located East of the town centre.
Towns in West Sussex |
12351 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20%C3%96yster%20Cult | Blue Öyster Cult | Blue Öyster Cult is a psychedelic rock band that formed in Long Island, New York in 1971. They have many well-known songs like (Don't Fear) The Reaper, and Burnin' For You.
The group's best known songs are probably: The 1976 single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" from the album Agents of Fortune (featured in the movie Halloween, and in the TV movie The Stand based on Stephen King's novel of the same name, and in the credits of Peter Jackson's 1996 movie The Frighteners) and the 1981 single "Burnin' for You" from the album Fire of Unknown Origin and "Godzilla" (1977).
Lineup
Current members
The current members of the band are:
Eric Bloom (1971-present) - lead vocals, guitar
Buck Dharma (1971-present) - lead guitar, vocals
Richie Castellano (2004-present) - bass, vocals
Jules Rodino (2004-present) - drums
Rudy Sarzo (2008present) Bass guitar
Original members
The original lineup of the band was:
Eric Bloom - lead vocals, stun guitar
Buck Dharma - lead guitar, vocals
Allen Lanier - keyboards, guitar
Joe Bouchard - bass, vocals
Albert Bouchard - drums, vocals
Former Members
The former members of the band are as follows:
Bass
Joe Bouchard (1971-1986)
Jon Rogers (1987-1995)
Greg Smith (1995)
Danny Miranda (1995-2004)
Drums
Albert Bouchard (1971-1981, Feb 1985 - Californian tour)
Rick Downey (1981-1984)
Thommy Price (1985)
Jimmy Wilcox (1985-1987)
Ron Riddle (1987-1991)
Chuck Burgi (1991-1992, 1992-1995, 1996-1997)
John Miceli (1992, 1995 and some dates in 2003)
John O'Reilly (1995-1996)
Bobby Rondinelli (1997-2004)
Keyboards
Tommy Zvonchek (1985-1987)
Kasim Sultan (1998) - also guitar (filled in for Lanier during illness)
Al Pitrelli (1999) - also guitar (filled in for Lanier during illness)
Allen Lanier also guitar.
Discography
1972 Blue Öyster Cult
1973 Tyranny and Mutation
1974 Secret Treaties
1976 Agents of Fortune
1977 Spectres
1979 Mirrors
1980 Cultösaurus Erectus
1981 Fire of Unknown Origin
1983 The Revölution by Night
1985 Club Ninja
1988 Imaginos
1994 Cult Classic
1998 Heaven Forbid
2001 Curse of the Hidden Mirror
References
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
American hard rock bands
Musical groups from New York City
Musical groups established in 1971
1971 establishments in New York (state) |
12352 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppenwolf | Steppenwolf | Steppenwolf is a Canadian-American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1967. The band has sold more than 25 million units worldwide, releasing 8 gold albums and 13 Hot 100 singles, including three top-10 hits in "Born to Be Wild", '"Magic Carpet Ride", and "Rock Me".
Popular culture
"Born to Be Wild," which has been long associated with motorcycles, has appeared in numerous movies including Easy Rider.
"Magic Carpet Ride" appears in numerous movie soundtracks, including Star Trek: First Contact, Team America: World Police, Apollo 13, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, and Sahara.
American rock bands
American heavy metal bands
American hard rock bands
Canadian rock bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical entertainers from Toronto
1967 establishments in North America
1972 disestablishments
1974 establishments in North America |
12353 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creedence%20Clearwater%20Revival | Creedence Clearwater Revival | Creedence Clearwater Revival (often made shorter as CCR or Creedence) was an American rock band from California, United States. They were popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The band has sold 26 million albums in the United States alone. CCR was inducted into (became part of) the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.
Many people thought they were from the Southeastern United States because the group's music sounded like the country, folk, and blues music of that place. They liked to sing about bayous, the Mississippi River, catfish, and other things people in the south liked. They also used instruments and styles that were common in the southeast.
The members of the group were John Fogerty (born 1945), his brother Tom Fogerty (1941-1990), Doug Clifford (born 1945), and Stu Cook (born 1945).
Discography
Studio albums
Creedence Clearwater Revival (1968)
Bayou Country (1969)
Green River (1969)
Willy and the Poor Boys (1969)
Cosmo's Factory (1970)
Pendulum (1970)
Mardi Gras (1972)
References
Other websites
Creedence-Online
Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Ed Sullivan Show
Creedence Clearwater Revival at WorldMusicDatabase
1967 establishments in California
1972 disestablishments in the United States
American rock bands
Musical groups from California
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Southern rock bands
1970s disestablishments in California |
12358 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferret | Ferret | Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are domestic animals. They are the domestic form of the European polecat. They are in the weasel genus of the family Mustelidae.
Ferrets have an average length of 20 inches (51 cm) including a 5 inch (13 cm) tail, weigh about . They live for about 7-10 years. Males are larger than females. They are sociable animals, and are usually kept in groups of two or more.
With their long thin body, ferrets look like a large weasel. They may have different colours and markings on their fur. A lot of ferrets in one place will sometimes have a strange smell. This is caused by natural oils produced by the ferrets.
Behavior
As naturally crepuscular animals, ferrets tend to sleep during the day. This deters many people from getting them although most ferret owners say their ferrets change their sleeping schedules to that of their owners.
Ferrets and Humans
Domesticated ferrets are used for hunting, or can be kept as pets. Hunting with ferrets is called ferreting. Because of their thin body, they can go down into holes and hunt rodents and rabbits. Ferrets have been kept as pets since the Middle Ages.
Health
Ferrets suffer from several health problems. Some of the most common health problems are cancers affecting the adrenal glands, pancreas, and lymphatic system. Viral diseases include canine distemper and influenza. Health problems can happen in unspayed females when not being used for breeding. Certain colors of ferret may also carry a genetic defect known as Waardenburg syndrome. Similar to domestic cats, ferrets can also suffer from hairballs and dental problems
Ferrets as Pets
Ferrets are legal to have as a pet in most places. They are not legal in a few places in the United States. Ferrets should be vaccinated. A breeder or pet store will get it spayed or neutered and also de-scented. Ferrets can spray the natural oils from their anal glands similar to that of a skunk if not de-scented.
Ferrets are very flexible and can fit into small holes to flush out rabbits or rodents. Ferrets can get through open vents or small holes in walls. Ferrets are good climbers so if curtains are touching the floor they can easily climb the curtains.
Ferrets should be kept in a group, unless you can provide them with multiple hours of activity, they get quite bored when alone. Ferrets tend to sleep curled up together in a ball usually making them indistinguishable from one another.
Ferrets also get along with cats but depends on the temperaments of all involved. The likelihood of ferrets and cats getting along is increased if the cat is raised with a pet ferret, but there are still risks associated with introducing them to one another.
Diet
Ferrets are carnivores and cannot tolerate grains or vegetable matter well. Their diet should consist of around 20% fat and 80% meat. Ferrets need a high calorie diet: commercial dog and cat foods do not contain enough fats and protein to suit them. Feeding them such a diet while convenient will ultimately shorten the ferrets life.
Ferrets are subject to insulinoma and as such they should not be given fruits except on rare occasions as a treat. Raisins are a favorite of most ferret but should be given extremely sparingly. Fresh chicken, turkey or even duck is a good choice for your ferret. Commercial ferret foods are available but many contain grains and also fruits and as such are not suitable for them. Research brand ingredients or find a recipe to make your own.
References
Other websites
Movies With Ferrets In Them
Pet Ferret FAQs
Mustelids
Pets |
12359 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Dog%20Night | Three Dog Night | Three Dog Night is an American rock band. They were popular from the late 1960s and early 1970s. They had 21 hit singles and 12 gold albums between 1969 and 1975.
Songs
An Old-Fashioned Love Song (written by Paul Williams)
Joy to the World (written by Hoyt Axton)
Mama Told Me (Not To Come) (by Randy Newman)
Eli's Comin' (by Laura Nyro)
One (Is The Loneliest Number) (by Harry Nilsson).
American rock bands
Soul bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles |
12360 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Funk%20Railroad | Grand Funk Railroad | Grand Funk Railroad were an American rock group from Flint, Michigan. They were popular in the early and mid 1970s.
American rock bands
Musical groups from Michigan
People from Flint, Michigan |
12361 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sweet | The Sweet | The Sweet (also known as Sweet) are a British glam rock band. The group is famous for the songs such as "Ballroom Blitz", "Little Willy", "Fox on the Run" and "Love is Like Oxygen". The group was originally called Sweetshop.
Studio albums
Funny How Sweet Co-Co Can Be (1971)
Sweet Fanny Adams (1974)
Desolation Boulevard (1974)
Give Us a Wink (1976)
Off the Record (1977)
Level Headed (1978)
Cut Above the Rest (1979)
Waters Edge (1980)
Identity Crisis (1982)
British rock bands
British pop music groups
British heavy metal bands
Glam metal bands |
12362 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20%28musician%29 | Prince (musician) | Prince Rogers Nelson (better known as Prince) (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American musician and dancer. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
He was known for blending erotic lyrics with funk rock and technology. He had ten platinum albums and thirty Top 40 singles during his career. His releases have sold over 350 million copies worldwide. From 1993 to 2000, Prince changed his name to a glyph. Since this symbol was impossible to pronounce, people began calling him "The Artist Formerly Known As Prince."
In addition to his own musical career, he was a "talent promoter" for the careers of Sheila E., Carmen Electra, The Time and Vanity 6.
Prince has sold over 400 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. He won seven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004. This was the first year he was eligible.
On April 21, 2016, Prince died of a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen, Minnesota at the age of 57.
Early life
Prince was born Prince Rogers Nelson, on June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His father was John Lewis Nelson who was a Jazz singer-songwriter. His mother was Mattie Della Shaw. His family was from Louisiana. He had epilepsy when he was younger. His sister was Tyka nelson. He played basketball when he was in high school.
Career
Prince released his first single, "Soft and Wet", in 1978. It reached number 92 in the Billboard 100. In 1979 "I Wanna Be Your Lover" was number one for two weeks in the American R&B singles chart.
Prince released his third album Dirty Mind in 1980. Rolling Stone gave the album four and a half stars.
In 1982 Prince released his fifth album 1999. "Little Red Corvette" was released as the second single. Prince had his first number one single, "When Doves Cry", in 1984. The single he released after that, "Let's Go Crazy", also reached number one. In 1985 Around the World in a Day was released. The album's first single "Raspberry Beret" reached number two in the Billboard 100. Prince's next number one "Kiss" was in 1986. It won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. "U Got the Look" was released in 1987. It reached number two in the Billboard 100.
In 1990 Sinead O'Connor reached number one with her cover of Prince's song "Nothing Compares 2 U". Prince was angry about this.
In 2006 the second single from Prince's album 3121 entered the Billboard 100 at number 60. This was the highest number a Prince single had entered the chart at for years.
In 2014 it was reported that Prince would be signed to Warner Bros. again. Prince released a new single on April 19 called "The Breakdown".
In May 2015, following the death of Freddie Gray and the riots, Prince released a song entitled "Baltimore" in tribute to Gray and in support of the protesters in Baltimore. He also held a surprise tribute concert for Gray at his Paisley Park estate called 'Dance Rally 4 Peace' in which he asked fans to wear the color gray in honor of Freddie Gray.
His album Hit n Run Phase One was first made available on September 7, 2015 on music streaming service Tidal before being released on CD and download on September 14.
In 2016, Prince announced that he was writing a memoir, titled The Beautiful Ones.
Personal life
Over the years Prince was romantically linked with many celebrities. These include Madonna, Vanity, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Susanna Hoffs, Anna Fantastic, Sherilyn Fenn, and Susan Moonsie of Vanity 6 and Apollonia 6.
Prince was engaged to Susannah Melvoin in 1985.
He married his backup singer and dancer, Mayte Garcia, on Valentine's Day, 1996. They had a son, amiir (born October 16, 1996). He was born with Pfeiffer syndrome and died a week after birth. Prince and Mayte divorced in 1999. In 2001, Prince married Manuela Testolini in a private ceremony. Testolini filed for divorce in May 2006. He had been in a relationship with Bria Valente from 2007.
Prince became a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses in 2001.
Death
Prince postponed two performances from his Piano & A Microphone Tour on April 7, 2016, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, stating that he was "battling the flu". He performed that Atlanta concert on Thursday, April 15, even though he had still not been feeling well. On April 15, 2016, while on tour, his private plane made an emergency landing in Moline, Illinois. He was later admitted to hospital with flu-like symptoms. Early reports said his health was fine.
Prince was found dead at his home in Paisley Park recording studio in Chanhassen, Minnesota, on April 21, 2016. He was aged 57. Six days before his death, Prince was treated for a drug overdose. He was treated for dehydration and walking pneumonia shortly before his death. His autopsy was performed the next day on April 22. Afterwards, his remains were cremated. Their location will be kept private. Toxicology tests showed that he died of an overdose of fentanyl, an opioid painkiller.
His works
Studio albums
For You (1978)
Prince (1979)
Dirty Mind (1980)
Controversy (1981)
1999 (1982)
Purple Rain (1984)
Around the World in a Day (1985)
Parade (1986)
Sign o' the Times (1987)
Lovesexy (1988)
Batman (1989)
Graffiti Bridge (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls (1991)
(Love Symbol Album) (1992)
Come (1994)
The Black Album (1994)
The Gold Experience (1995)
Chaos and Disorder (1996)
Emancipation (1996)
Crystal Ball (1998)
The Truth (1998)
The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale (1999)
Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic (1999)
The Rainbow Children (2001)
One Nite Alone... (2002)
Xpectation (2003)
N.E.W.S (2003)
Musicology (2004)
The Chocolate Invasion (2004)
The Slaughterhouse (2004)
3121 (2006)
Planet Earth (2007)
Lotusflow3r (2009)
MPLSound (2009)
20Ten (2010)
Plectrumelectrum (2014)
Art Official Age (2014)
HITnRUN Phase One (2015)
HITnRUN Phase Two (2015)
Live albums
One Nite Alone... Live! (2002)
C-Note (2004)
Indigo Nights (2008)
Remix albums
Rave In2 the Joy Fantastic (2001)
Compilation albums
The Hits/The B-Sides (1993)
Girl 6 (1996)
The Very Best of Prince (2001)
Ultimate Prince (2006)
The New Power Generation albums
Goldnigga (1993)
Exodus (1995)
Newpower Soul (1998)
Awards and nominations
Academy Awards
Prince won an Academy Award in 1985 for his song "Purple Rain".
Grammy Awards
Earning 33 nominations, Prince has won seven Grammys. He also has had two albums − 1999 and Purple Rain − awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award.
MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) is an award show by cable network MTV to honor the top music videos of the year. It was first held in September of 1984. It was to be an alternative to the Grammy Awards in the video category. Prince has won four awards from twelve nominations throughout his career.
References
Other websites
Prince: chart history at Billboard.com
1958 births
2016 deaths
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
African-American movie actors
African-American singers
American activists
American composers
American funk musicians
American movie directors
American philanthropists
American funk singers
American pianists
American pop musicians
American pop singers
American Protestants
American R&B musicians
American R&B singers
American record producers
American rock guitarists
American saxophonists
American singer-songwriters
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Brit Award winners
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Golden Globe Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Jehovah's Witnesses people
Musicians from Minnesota
New wave musicians
Singers from Minnesota
Webby Award winners
Writers from Minnesota
Warner Bros. Records artists |
12363 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane%20Eddy | Duane Eddy | Duane Eddy (born April 26, 1938) was a Grammy Award-winning American rock guitarist. Many people enjoyed his music and tried to play the same way as he did. He is best known for the music that he played without singing words. He is probably best known for his hit song Rebel Rouser (1958). Released in 1960, Eddy was the first rock and roller to have a signature model guitar.
References
American rock guitarists
Grammy Award winners
1938 births
Living people |
12364 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse | Nurse | A nurse is a person who is trained to give care to people who are sick or injured. Nurses work with doctors and other health care workers to make patients well and to keep them fit and healthy. Nurses also help with end-of-life needs and assist other family members with grieving.
Nursing is a profession, like a doctor, but training for a nurse is different in how long a person must train and what kind of training they need. In some places, nurses may train for three to five years or more before they get a license as a nurse.
Nurses work in many places. Nurses work in hospitals, in doctor's offices, and in the community, and they even visit people at home if they can not get out.
Sometimes people decide to become nurses rather than doctors, because the nurses will be able to help patients directly, by talking to them, doing things they need, carefully watching that nothing goes wrong, and then seeing them as they get better.
Like doctors, nurses can choose what work they do. Some nurses train and work to help during surgery. Some nurses train to help people understand health problems like nutrition (what to eat), and disease (what can make people sick). Nurses can do many different jobs to help people.
Nurses are in demand because there are not enough nurses to handle hospital needs. Because of this shortage nurses will sometimes travel to another location to work for a few months in what is called travel nursing.
Titles
Registered Nurse in some countries like U.S is a term for an officially registered nurse. In hospitals where nurses wear uniforms with caps, an R.N. is recognizable by the fact that the cap has two black stripes.
Nursing in Australia
Nursing in Australia is done by Registered Nurses or Enrolled Nurses. Both must complete education past high school. An Enrolled Nurse must complete a course of study between 12 and 18 months. Registered Nurses need to complete a Bachelor's degree.
Gender-neutral titles
Titles have changed because men as well as women can be nurses. It was, in most countries, a wholly female occupation. The titles were designed for females and have now been revised to be genderless. The exception to this is midwife, a term still used because it seems natural that a nurse helping a mother through childbirth should be a female. There are some males acting as midwives. The supervisory body for UK nursing is the Nursing and Midwifery Council.
Teams
Some medical and surgical groups operate as teams. This means that senior surgeons always operate with the same group of people, so reducing the risk of mistakes, and allowing juniors to learn and understand the individual cases.
Also, moving around as a team allows specialist groups to serve more than one hospital. This is particularly useful when the amount of work in a speciality does not permit having a full team on site in each hospital.
References
Other websites
Online CNA Classes
American Nurses' Association
Canadian Nurses Association
Nursing Documentation & Expressions Project - aims to build the world's largest public repository of nursing documentation examples.
National Council of State Boards of Nursing (USA)
NMAP The UK’s Gateway to high quality Internet resources for Nurses, Midwives and Allied Professions
Nursing
Healthcare occupations |
12365 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent%20Femmes | Violent Femmes | Violent Femmes is a rock group. They formed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA in 1980.
American rock bands
American punk bands
People from Wisconsin |
12367 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzy%20Osbourne | Ozzy Osbourne | John Michael '"Ozzy"' Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English heavy metal singer.
Osbourne was born in Marston Green, England. He grew up in Aston, Birmingham, England. He has dyslexia. He was convicted of burglary when he was a teenager, for which he was fined. He was sent to prison for not paying the fine.
Osbourne was the lead singer for Black Sabbath between 1968 and 1978. He joined again in 1997 for occasional tours. He bit the head off of a bat on stage once. Osbourne wrote a song called 'Suicide Solution' that was heavily ridiculed claiming it was about suicide, which coincided with the words shoot shoot whispered in the song. It was really a tribute to his friend Bon Scott, lead singer of AC/DC, who died of alcohol poisoning.
He and his wife Sharon have three children together: Aimee Osbourne, Kelly Osbourne and Jack Osbourne. He also has three children from his first marriage to Thelma Riley: Elliot, Jessica, and Louis.
Osbourne released his first solo album, Blizzard of Ozz in 1980.
He was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in February 2019, which he publicly revealed in January 2020.
Other websites
The Official Ozzy Osbourne Website
Ozzy Osbourne - Discography
Metal Storm - Ozzy Osbourne - Discography
References
British burglars
English rock musicians
English singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Birmingham
Actors from Birmingham
Writers from Birmingham
English artists
English rock singers
English movie actors
English television personalities
People with Parkinson's disease
1948 births
Living people |
12368 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinah%20Shore | Dinah Shore | Dinah Shore (born Frances Rose Shore, March 1, 1916 - February 24, 1994) was an American singer and host of her own talk show.
Television talk show hosts
Singers from Tennessee
1916 births
1994 deaths |
12369 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Adams | Bryan Adams | Bryan Guy Adams (November 5, 1959) is a Canadian rock musician. He is known for the songs Summer of '69 and (Everything I Do) I Do It For You. He has performed with many other musical artists such as Def Leppard, Tina Turner, Sting, Rod Stewart, Bonnie Raitt, Barbra Streisand and Melanie C. His best-selling albums are Reckless, Waking Up the Neighbours and 18 til I Die.
Discography
References
Canadian rock musicians
Canadian singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Ontario
1959 births
Living people |
12371 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Orbison | Roy Orbison | Roy Kelton Orbison (April 23, 1936 - December 6, 1988) was an American singer. In 1987, he was named into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Orbison was popular in the 1960s. He became less popular in the 1970s, but began to make a career comeback in the 1980s. However, as he was becoming more popular again, he died of a heart attack at the age of 53 in Henderson, Tennessee.
Discography
Singles
"Pretty Paper" (1963)
Studio albums
Lonely and Blue (1960)
King of Hearts (1992)
References
American rock singers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Tennessee
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Singers from Texas
1936 births
1988 deaths |
12372 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20Dayne | Taylor Dayne | Taylor Dayne (born as Leslie Wunderman on March 7, 1962) is an American singer. She is best known for her song, "Tell it to my heart".
1962 births
Living people
Singers from New York |
12373 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Stills | Stephen Stills | Stephen Arthur Stills (born January 3, 1945) is an American singer and songwriter. He is most famous as a member of the groups Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills & Nash. In 2003, Rolling Stone listed him at #28 on a list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
References
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Singers from Dallas, Texas
Writers from Dallas, Texas
1945 births
Living people |
12374 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpongeBob%20SquarePants | SpongeBob SquarePants | SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated comedy TV show made by the late marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. It premiered on May 1, 1999.
It is Nickelodeon's most popular show. It has been made into many pieces of merchandise. The main character, SpongeBob is an adult sea sponge that acts like a child. He lives in a pineapple under the sea. The show has gotten three spin-offs: Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years, The Patrick Star Show, and one with Squidward Tentacles.
Characters
The show gets its name from its main character, SpongeBob SquarePants, a male sponge. He looks more like a yellow kitchen sponge used for cleaning dishes than a sea sponge. His best friend is a starfish named Patrick Star. His grumpy neighbor is an octopus named Squidward Tentacles.
SpongeBob and Squidward work as employees at a restaurant called the Krusty Krab in the underwater town of Bikini Bottom. The Krusty Krab, which is run by a greedy red crab named Mr. Krabs, is famous for its blue Krabby Patty burgers. The recipe for blue Krabby Patties is top secret. The owners of a competing restaurant called the Chum Bucket, Plankton and Karen, often try to steal the recipe.
SpongeBob SquarePants is the main character and a sea sponge that lives in a pineapple under the sea. He is a fry cook in the Krusty Krab. He is very cheerful and sometimes annoys his selfish neighbor, Squidward. His favorite things to do are jellyfishing (catching jellyfish with a net) and blowing bubbles.
Patrick Star is a starfish and SpongeBob's best friend who lives under a rock. Patrick is goofy, but is a fun-loving character and eats a lot. He is unemployed, but has worked at several places before.
Squidward Tentacles is an octopus and SpongeBob's next-door neighbor. He plays the clarinet and is not good at it, even though he thinks so. He works at the Krusty Krab as the cashier. He says does not like SpongeBob, but SpongeBob thinks they are friends. Squidward is not friendly and thinks that he is better than almost everyone. He is voiced by Rodger Bumpass.
Mr. Krabs is a red crab who is the owner of the Krusty Krab restaurant and SpongeBob and Squidward's boss. He is a single father with one daughter, a whale named Pearl. He and Pearl live in a big anchor. He is very greedy and loves money. He never wants to spend a lot of his money, and sometimes cheats to make more of it. He is voiced by Clancy Brown.
Sheldon J. Plankton is a blue copepod. He is an evil genius and Mr. Krabs' rival. His goal is to steal the secret recipe for Krabby Patties. He runs a restaurant called the Chum Bucket with the help of his talking computer wife named Karen. The Chum Bucket is very unpopular and they never get customers. He is always trying to steal the secret Krabby Patty Formula. He is voiced by Mr. Lawrence.
Karen Plankton is Plankton's sentient computer.
Sandy Cheeks is a brown squirrel from the U.S. state of Texas. She lives in a glass house called a Treedome that lets her breathe under water. When she is out of the dome, she wears a space suit and a fishbowl-like glass helmet around her head filled with fresh air. She is very athletic and works as a scientist. She likes to do karate. She is voiced by Carolyn Lawrence.
Mrs. Puff is a pufferfish who is SpongeBob's teacher at the underwater driving school, Mrs. Puff's Boating School and the Bikini Bottom driving instructor. She is old, patient, and easily scared. She wears a blue collared shirt, a yellow string tie, a red skirt, black shoes, and a blue sailor's cap. SpongeBob really wants to pass Mrs. Puff's class, but he always fails his driving test. She is voiced by Mary Jo Catlett.
Pearl Krabs is a big gray Sperm whale with blonde hair who is the daughter of Mr. Krabs. She is sixteen years old and has a job at the Bikini Bottom Mall. When she grows up, her dad will give his restaurant and his money to her. She usually wears a pink shirt with a dark pink letter P on the front, a purple skirt, and white boots. She is voiced by Lori Alan.
Gary the Snail is SpongeBob's pet sea snail.
Danish Voice Cast
Jens Jacob Tychsen – Svampebob Firkant
Søren Ulrichs – Patrick Søstjerne
Peter Zhelder – Blækvard Tentakkel
Nis Bank-Mikkelsen – Eugene Krabbe
Annette Heick – Sandy Egern
Torben Sekov – Plankton
Vibeke Dueholm – Mrs. Puff/Karen
Additional Voices
Lars Thiesgaard
Peter Røschke
Mads M. Nielsen
Michael Elo
Esper Hagen
Episodes list
Episodes
Main places
The show takes place in a fictional city called Bikini Bottom, which is in the floor of the Pacific Ocean beneath Bikini Atoll. The citizens are mostly fish who lives in ship funnels and boatmobiles.
SpongeBob's pineapple house is SpongeBob's home. It has many big rooms even though on the outside it looks just like a small pineapple. It has a large library with many books.
The Krusty Krab is a restaurant in the city of Bikini Bottom. It is run by a crab, Eugene H. Krabs. SpongeBob SquarePants works there as a fry cook, and Squidward Q. Tentacles works as the cashier. The fast food items that are sold include the popular blue Krabby Patty (which is similar to a blue burger), fries, and drinks.
The Chum Bucket is a restaurant across the street from the Krusty Krab. It is owned by Sheldon J. Plankton and Karen Plankton, but it is very unpopular because the food is very bad. Plankton and Karen are always trying to steal the secret recipe for the blue Krabby Patty, which only Mr. Krabs and SpongeBob know.
Mrs. Puff's Boating School is the driving school where SpongeBob often goes to try to get his driver's license. SpongeBob is normally not good at driving and can never get his license without help from a friend. Whenever he gets his license, he soon loses it.
Patrick's boulder is Patrick's home where Patrick lives and sleeps in. In some episodes, Patrick falls out of his boulder.
Squidward's house, an Easter Island head owned by Squidward. In his house, Squidward practices his clarinet and paints pictures.
Mr. Krabs and Pearl's anchor house, a hollow anchor with lots of paintings on the walls. Mr. Krabs and Pearl live inside of it.
Sandy's Treedome is where Sandy cheeks live, she needs a helmet to breathe underwater. However, in her treedome she does not. All sea creatures need a helmet in her treedome to breathe.
Goo Lagoon is a popular beach. Even though the beach is under water, the water in the beach is called "goo." In some episodes it is just a lake but in some it is an entire ocean.
Patchy's House is the residence of Patchy the Pirate and Potty the Parrot. It is located at 6248 Agnes Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 91606. It first appears in the episode "Christmas Who?". It is in Encino, California.
Reception
Ratings and run-length achievements
Within its first month on air, SpongeBob SquarePants overtook Pokémon as the highest rated Saturday-morning children's series on television. It held an average national Nielsen rating of 4.9 among children aged two through eleven, denoting 1.9 million viewers. Two years later, the series had firmly established itself as Nickelodeon's second highest-rated children's program, after Rugrats. SpongeBob SquarePants was credited with helping Nickelodeon take the "Saturday-morning ratings crown" for the fourth straight season in 2001. The series had gained a significant adult audience by that point—nearly 40 percent of its 2.2 million viewers were aged 18 to 34. In response to its weekend success, Nickelodeon gave SpongeBob SquarePants time slots at 6:00 PM and 8:00 PM, Monday through Thursday, to increase the series' exposure. By the end of 2001, SpongeBob SquarePants boasted the highest ratings for any children's series, on all of television. Weekly viewership of the series had reached around fifteen million, at least five million of whom were adults.
Controversies
In 2009, several groups, including the American Family Foundation, attacked SpongeBob for being homosexual. The character had recently appeared on a music video with other kids' show characters to promote diversity and tolerance. However, the creator said in 2002 that SpongeBob is asexual, meaning that he does not seek sexual partners at all.
Decreasing quality
Many fans and critics believe that after season 11 and the first movie, the series started to decline in quality. This was because many writers from the first three seasons seasons left (although Doug Lawrence, Aaron Springer, Erik Wiese and C.H. Greenblatt still stayed). Some of the later episodes were poorly received because the characters did not act the way they acted in the first three seasons. However, apparently, the show's quality improved once more after the second movie, when Stephen Hillenburg returned, until his death in 2018.
References
Notes
Other websites
SpongeBob SquarePants
1990s American animated television series
American children's television series
1999 television series debuts
English-language television programs |
12377 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20%26%20Paula | Paul & Paula | Paul & Paula (Ray Hildebrand, born December 21, 1940, and Jill Jackson, born May 20, 1942) are a pop/rock singing duo. They charted three Billboard Top 40 singles in 1963.
Musical groups from Texas |
12378 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood | Seafood | Seafood is food made from fish or other sea animals (such as shrimp and lobsters). The harvesting (collecting) of seafood is called fishing.
Seafood is rich in protein, and is usually thought as healthy food.
Seafood |
12379 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer%20review | Peer review | Peer review is a process used when publishing documents where the work is reviewed by the author's peer group (someone in their field). It is a way of checking and reviewing a person's work. It is often used by scientists, scholars, medical professionals, engineers, and in some aspects of government.
For example, scientists report new discoveries through a peer review process. This means that they ask other knowledgeable scientists (peers) to review their report, and check for any problems. The problems must be fixed before the report is released to other scientists. This process helps to maintain the trustworthiness of scientific discoveries.
Related pages
arXiv - This is a website that stores scientific papers before peer review approval
References
Science |
12383 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto%20Rico | Puerto Rico | Puerto Rico, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a U.S. territory in the Caribbean Sea. This means that it is part of the United States and citizens of Puerto Rico are citizens of the United States as well. Puerto Rico is not an independent country, but there has been a movement for independence for almost two centuries. There have been protests, votes, and armed attacks for independence.
Puerto Rico has almost 4 million (4,000,000) people. Its political system is based on a republican system. It has two official languages: Spanish and English. The currency used is the United States dollar. Puerto Rico means "rich port" in Spanish.
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico includes the largest, main island and a number of smaller islands, including Mona, Vieques, and Culebra. Of those three smaller islands, only Culebra and Vieques are populated all year. Mona is unpopulated, but employees of the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources sometimes visit the island to inspect it and its wildlife. People can visit the island for hiking and camping by getting the permission needed. San Juan, on the northern side of the main island, is the island's largest city and the capital of the territory. The common languages are Spanish spoken by 94.7% of the population and English, spoken by 5.3%.
On May 3, 2017, Puerto Rico filed for bankruptcy after a massive debt and weak economy. It is the largest bankruptcy case in American history.
Status with respect to the USA
Puerto Rico is one of the unincorporated territories of the USA. Because it is not a state, citizens cannot vote in U.S. national elections unless they have an address in one of the 50 US states. These are organized, self-governing territories with locally elected governors and legislatures. Puerto Rico elects a Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives.
History
The history of Puerto Rico began when the Ortoiroid people started living in the island between 3000 and 2000 BC. Other tribes, for example the Saladoid and Arawak Indians, lived in the island between 430 BC and 1000 AD. When Christopher Columbus arrived at the island in 1492 and named it San Juan Bautista, the people living there were the Taínos.
Since it is in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico formed an important part of the Spanish Empire from the early years of the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World. The Spanish spread race-based slavery across the island. In the 19th century, slave revolts and the abolitionist movement brought an end to legal slavery.
The island was a major military post during many wars between Spain and other European countries for control of the region in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. In 1898, during the Spanish-American war, Puerto Rico was invaded and became a possession of the United States.
During the 20th century, Puerto Rico's political status changed from time to time. The Foraker Act of 1900 created a civil government to replace the military government made after the Spanish–American war, and the Jones Act of 1917 gave Puerto Rican people United States citizenship. Afterwards, in 1952, the drafting of Puerto Rico's own Constitution and democratic elections were established.
The political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, is still not completely defined. Many people want to resolve this status, while others want the status to remain the same. Of the people who want to change the status, some want Puerto Rico to become a new U.S. state, while others want Puerto Rico to become a fully independent country.
Geography
Puerto Rico is an archipelago, with a main island where most of the population lives, two smaller islands (Vieques and Culebra) with residents, and many other smaller islands. The main island has a mountain range in the center, which covers most of the island. The highest point is 4,390 feet (1,338 meters)
Political parties
Puerto Rico has three main political parties: the Puerto Rican Independence Party, which favors Puerto Rico becoming an independent nation; the New Progressive Party, which supports Puerto Rico's transition to becoming a state of the U.S; and the Popular Democratic Party, which supports Colonialism.
The issue of the political status of the island (meaning whether it's a country, a U.S state, or a colony) is an issue of debate amongst the Puerto Rican people. In the past there have been many attempts to clearly define the island's political status by means of voting. Most of the time the majority of the people have chosen to remain a colony. However, in the last "status voting" the colonial option appeared to have lost well over 90% of its support, while the U.S state option has only gained strength in the last few decades. The Puerto Rican Independence party, on the other hand, has mainly lost a great deal of support within the last six decades.
Demographics
Puerto Rico is said to comprise a White majority, an extinct Amerindian population, persons of mixed ancestry, Africans and a small Asian minority. Recent genetic research, however, contradicts that information. According to the 2010 US Census, 99% of the population consider themselves of Puerto Rican descent (regardless of race or skin color), making Puerto Rico one of the most culturally unified societies in the world.
The population of Puerto Rico is nearly about 4 million people. The ethnic composition of the population is:
70% White
20% Mulatto
10% Black
Culture
Literature
Puerto Rico has a strong literary tradition. The most important playwrights are René Marqués (author of "The Oxcart") and Lin Manuel Miranda (creator of the Broadway musical "Hamilton"). The most famous poets are Julia de Burgos ("Yo fui mi ruta") and Giannina Braschi (author the poetry epic "Empire of Dreams"). Celebrated Puerto Rican novelists include Rosario Ferre (Eccentric Neighborhoods), Giannina Braschi (United States of Banana), and Esmeralda Santiago (When I Was Puerto Rican). Puerto Rican poets who live in New York are called Nuyorican poets.
Art
José Campeche (1751-1809) is the first known Puerto Rican painter. He painted in the best rococo style. Franciso Oller painted Puerto Rican landscapes and still life paintings the 19th Century. In the 20th century Franciso Rodón who paints portraits of celebrities. In the 21st century, Allora and Calzadilla are conceptual artists in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Music
Puerto Rico music is often called Latin music. There are many popular styes of Puerto Rican dance music, including Salsa, Bomba, Plena, and Reggaeton. One of the most popular bands today is Calle 13. World famous Puerto Rican singers include Jennifer Lopez, Hector Lavoe, Tito Puentes, and Marc Anthony. Ricky Martin won the 1999 Grammy Award for "Best Latin Pop Performance" for Living La Vida Loca.
Philosophy
Puerto Rican philosophy deals with Puerto Rican independence, education, racism, and liberty for all. The first major Puerto Rican philosopher was Eugenio María de Hostos. He was born in the 19th Century in Puerto Rico. He believed that Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Cuba should unite to be free from Colonial powers. Francisco José Ramos was born in the 20th century. His philosophy deals with Ancient Greeks, American imperialism, and Buddhism. Giannina Braschi is a contemporary political philosopher. She writes about freedom, immigration, revolution, and justice. Braschi was inspired by a major Mexican woman philosopher Sor Juana Inez de la Cruz. Puerto Rican philosophers are sometimes called Latinx philosophers or Latin American philosophers.
Related pages
List of rivers of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico at the Olympics
Puerto Rico national football team
Puerto Rican Literature
https://islandsofpuertorico.com/puerto-rico-flag/
References
1898 establishments in the United States
Caribbean Community |
12386 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Ke%20Quan | Jonathan Ke Quan | Jonathan Ke Quan (born August 20, 1971 as Ke Huy Quan) is a Vietnamese-American former child actor.
In the 1980s, he appeared in several movies. His best known roles were as Short Round in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) and Data in The Goonies (1985). He now works as a stunt coordinator on many movies, for example X-Men.
In Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, he was an orphan in the streets of Shanghai when he becomes Indy's(Harrison Ford) friend. They end up in India where Indy, Short Round and night club singer Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) fight Indians, save children, and participate in a mine car chase.
After their adventures in India, Short Round disappeared temporarily. He later grew up to become an archeologist. He went on an adventure in search of the Peacock Stone, the same diamond lost at the begining of "Temple of Doom".
1971 births
Living people
Vietnamese people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles County, California |
12387 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage | Pilgrimage | A pilgrimage is when people travel to a place of worship that is usually far away. They may have to go to a different city or country. Usually a pilgrimage is done for spiritual or religious reasons. The purpose of Christian pilgrimage was summarized by Pope Benedict XVI this way:
There are also non-religious pilgrimages; they include for example:
Seeing the Mausoleum of Vladimir Lenin on the Red Square in Moscow, or
Visiting the birthplace of Elvis Presley.
Related pages
Holy Land
World Youth Day
References
Religious behavior and experience
Religious places |
12391 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1703 | 1703 | The year 1703 (MDCCIII) started on a Monday, (or a Thursday by the 11-day slower Julian calendar).
Events
St. Petersburg becomes the capital of Russia
February 2 – an earthquake hit the town of L'Aquila, Italy.
February 4 – in Japan, the 47 samurai (47 Ronin) commit seppuku, a ritual suicide.
February 14 – an earthquake hits the city of Norcia, Italy.
February – soldiers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile, starting the tradition for Mobile, Alabama.
April 21 – the Company of Quenching of Fire (i.e., a fire brigade) was started in Edinburgh, Scotland.
May 27 – the founding of St Petersburg in Russia.
May 26 – Portugal joins the Grand Alliance.
July 29 to 31 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory then imprisoned 4 months for the crime of libel, after publishing a satirical pamphlet (his release is granted mid-November).
September 12 – the War of the Spanish Succession started in Habsburg, when Archduke Charles was proclaimed King of Spain.
October – a whirlwind blows down the tower of the Gan Takal in Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia, killing 30 people.
November 19 – an Unknown masked prisoner dies in Bastille.
November 24 to December 2 – the Great Storm of 1703, an Atlantic hurricane, blowes through southern England and the English Channel, killing nearly 8000, mostly at sea.
December 27 – Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty which gives preference to Portuguese imported wines into England.
Undated
A Tale of a Tub, first major satire by Jonathan Swift, is published.
George Psalmanazar arrives in London.
Isaac Newton becomes the chairman of the Royal Society.
Ahmed III (1703-1730) succeeds Mustafa II (1695-1703) as emperor of the Ottoman Empire.
Births
February 5 – Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader, was born (he died in 1764)
March 5 – (N. S.) Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky, a Russian poet, was born (he died in 1768)
May 14 – David Brearly, a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention, was born (he died in 1785)
June 17 – John Wesley, the English founder of Methodism, was born (he died in 1791)
June 26 – Thomas Clap, the first president of Yale University was born (he died in 1767)
August 2 – Lorenzo Ricci, the Italian Jesuit leader was born (he died in 1775)
September 29 – François Boucher, a French painter was born (he died in 1770)
October 5 – Jonathan Edwards, an American preacher was born (he died in 1758)
October 28 – Antoine Deparcieux, a French mathematician was born (he died in 1768)
November 25 – Jean-François Séguier, a French astronomer and botanist was born (he died in 1784)
November 26 – Theophilus Cibber, an English actor and writer was born (he died in 1758)
December 2 – Ferdinand Konščak, a Croatian explorer was (he died in 1759)
Deaths
January 11 – Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic died (born 1632)
March 3 – Robert Hooke, a very important English scientist died (born 1635)
March 31 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer died (born 1642)
April 20 – Lancelot Addison, English royal chaplain died (born 1632)
May 16 – Charles Perrault, French writer died (born 1628)
May 26 – Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist died (born 1633)
June 14 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer died(born 1625)
July 17 – Roemer Vlack, Dutch naval commander died (birthdate unknown)
September 22 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist died (born 1622)
September 25 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor died (born 1658)
September 29 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier died (born 1610)
October 28 – John Wallis, English mathematician died (born 1616)
November 19 – The Man in the Iron Mask died
November 30 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer died (born 1672)
December 28 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (born 1664) died
date unknown Phetracha, king of Ayutthaya died (born 1632) |
12392 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermelon | Watermelon | A watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a plant which was first domesticated in Africa. It is a cultivated edible fruit worldwide, there are more than 1000 varieties.
About 6% of a watermelon is sugar, which makes it very sweet. There are many different types of watermelon. Some have a green rind on the outside and a red-pink flesh on the inside, with brown seeds. Some can have yellow flesh, and some can be seedless. The green rind on the outside is not usually eaten, though it can be used as a vegetable. It can also be stewed or pickled. Most watermelons are oblong or spherical. In Japan, watermelons are grown in different shapes, such as hearts and squares.
Health
Watermelons are a great source of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6. They also contain potassium, magnesium, carotenoid antioxidant, and lycopene. The watermelon flesh is healthy to eat.
References
Melons |
12396 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monrovia | Monrovia | Monrovia is the capital of Liberia. It is Liberia's most populous city with a population of 1,010,970. The city is named after 5th U.S. President James Monroe.
Monrovia was founded in 1822 by the American Colonization Society. They wanted free slaves. Liberia has the word liberty in it and it was meant for slaves for slaves to free from America.
References |
12397 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Anka | Paul Anka | Paul Albert Anka (born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian-American singer and songwriter. He is best known for such songs as Diana (1957) and Lonely Boy (1959).
Anka was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2005.
Personal life
Anka was born in Ottawa, Ontario to Camelia and Andrew Emile "Andy" Anka, Sr. They owned a restaurant named the Locanda. His parents were both Antiochian Orthodox Christians in Syria. Anka's mother was Canadian-Lebanese "from a small town of, in Syria " and Anka's father was Syrian.
Anka grew up singing in the St. Elias Antiochian Orthodox Church choir. He went to Fisher Park High School where he was part of a vocal trio called the Bobby Soxers.
He became an American citizen in 1990. He is married to Polish-born Anna Anka.
References
Other websites
Official Site
CBC Archives
1941 births
Living people
American pop singers
Canadian pop singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Ottawa
Singers from Ontario |
12398 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Young | Neil Young | Neil Percival Young (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian-American musician and old man. He is known for his country and rock songs.
Many of his songs have a political and/or personal message. He was also a member of the groups Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.
Some of his best-known songs are "Heart of Gold", "Helpless", "After the Gold Rush", "Rockin' in the Free World", "Cinnamon Girl", "Southern Man" and "Like a Hurricane".
Young has explored many different styles of music during his career, and not all his records have been popular. During the 1980s, he was sued by his record company, Geffen Records, who believed he was making records that would not sell very many copies on purpose. Young won out over Geffen in court.
Sometimes, people call him the Godfather of Grunge because the style of some of his songs led to the kind of music called grunge music that started to be popular in the early 1990s.
Personal life
From 1978 until their divorce in 2014, he was married to singer-songwriter Pegi Young. They had two children.
He became a United States citizen, taking dual citizenship on January 22, 2020.
Political views
Young is known as an environmental and political activist and his views can sometimes be found in the lyrics of his songs. He is a long-time supporter of the family farmer. In 1985 Young, along with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp, co-founded the benefit concert called Farm Aid which has continued every year to help raise money to keep farmers in business. He also did not support George W. Bush when he was the president of the United States, and even wrote a song called "Let's Impeach the President" about how he thought Bush should lose his powers.
In the 1970s, Young released two songs (on his After The Gold Rush and Harvest albums) critical of racism in the Southern United States. These songs were called "Southern Man" and "Alabama". Lynyrd Skynyrd, a band from the Southern United States, made a song in response called "Sweet Home Alabama" that has become a very popular rock classic. Young's name is said in the lyrics of "Sweet Home Alabama".
In 2016 and in 2020, Young supported Bernie Sanders for President of the United States.
Albums
Neil Young (1969)
Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (1969)
After the Gold Rush (1970)
Harvest (1972)
Time Fades Away (1973)
On the Beach (1974)
Tonight's the Night (1975)
Zuma (1975)
Long May You Run (1976)
American Stars 'n Bars (1977)
Comes a Time (1978)
Rust Never Sleeps (1979)
Hawks & Doves (1980)
Re·ac·tor (1981)
Trans (1982)
Everybody's Rockin' (1983)
Old Ways (1985)
Landing on Water (1986)
Life (1987)
This Note's for You (1988)
Eldorado (1989)
Freedom (1989)Ragged Glory (1990)
Harvest Moon (1992)
Sleeps with Angels (1994)
Mirror Ball (1995)
Broken Arrow (1996)
Silver & Gold (2000)
Are You Passionate? (2002)
Greendale (2003)Prairie Wind (2005)Living with War (2006)Living with War: "In the Beginning" (2006)Chrome Dreams II (2007)Fork in the Road (2009)Le Noise (2010)Americana (2012)Psychedelic Pill (2012)A Letter Home (2014)Storytone (2014)The Monsanto Years (2015)Peace Trail (2016)Hitchhiker (2017)The Visitor'' (2017)
Colorado (album) (2019)
Barn (album) (2021)
Awards
Neil Young has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, first as a solo artist in 1995 and again as a member of Buffalo Springfield in 1997.
References
1945 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Canadian rock guitarists
Canadian rock singers
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American country singers
American country musicians
Singers from Toronto |
12399 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hitchhiker%27s%20Guide%20to%20the%20Galaxy | The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series by Douglas Adams. It started out as a radio show series for the BBC Radio 4 in 1978.
Between 1979 - 1992, Adams wrote a series of five books.
In 1980, a second radio series was broadcast.
In 1981, it was made into a television series.
In 2004, the third radio series was broadcast.
In 2005, it was made into a movie, and the fourth and fifth radio series were broadcast. A CD was released following the final episode transmission of each radio series.
It has also been a computer game, and several stage plays and comic books. Douglas Adams also suggested he would write a sixth book but he died before he could complete it, so Eoin Colfer wrote the sixth book in the series.
In 2018, the sixth radio series, the Hexagonal Phase, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4.
It featured Professor Stephen Hawking introducing himself as the voice of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Mk II by saying: "I have been quite popular in my time. Some even read my books".
Books
The six books in the Hitchhiker's Guide series are:
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
The Restaurant at the End of the Universe
Life, the Universe and Everything
So Long, and Thanks for all the Fish
Mostly Harmless
And Another Thing
Synopsis
The radio, book, TV and movie versions differ from each other. The same basic plot is used but they sometimes contradict each other. This is due to Adams rewriting the story for each new medium.
In all versions, the story follows the adventures of Arthur Dent. He is an Englishman. His house is being bulldozed to make way for a bypass. At the same time the Earth is being demolished by the Vogons to make way for an intergalactic bypass. The vogons are a race of unpleasant and bureaucratic aliens.
Dent's friend, Ford Prefect, is an alien. He is a researcher for the eponymous guidebook. He rescues Dent from Earth's destruction.
Zaphod Beeblebrox is Ford's eccentric semi-cousin. Beeblebrox is the Galactic President. He has stolen the Heart of Gold, a spacecraft equipped with the Infinite Improbability Drive. The depressed robot Marvin the Paranoid Android and Trillian are crew members.
Trillian was known as Tricia McMillan, a woman Arthur once met at a party in Islington. Beeblebrox saved her from Earth's destruction. She is the only other human survivor.
Arthur learns that the Earth was actually a giant supercomputer. It was created by another supercomputer, Deep Thought. Deep Thought had been built to give the answer to the "Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything". It gave the answer as "42". The creators of Deep Thought were disappointed and Deep Thought was then instructed to design the Earth supercomputer to determine what the question actually is.
The Earth was destroyed by the Vogons just before its calculations were due to complete. Arthur becomes the target of the descendants of the Deep Thought creators, believing his mind must hold the Question. With his friends' help, Arthur escapes and they decide to have lunch at The Restaurant at the End of the Universe. They have more adventures.
References
Science fiction
Media franchises |
12401 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookbook | Cookbook | A cookbook, or cookery book, is kind of book that tells people how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions called a recipe. Most cookbooks also have tips on how to eat and present the food as well. They usually list the ingredients needed, time needed to cook, and the instructions. They may give other tips too.
Books
Cooking |
12403 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia | Somalia | Somalia (; ), officially called the Federal Republic of Somalia (; ), is a country in Africa. It used to be known as the Somali Republic. It is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Guardafui Channel and Somali Sea to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. A person from Somalia is called a Somali.
Government
Somalia is a republic governed by a federal administration with various regional administrations governing on a micro level.
Somalia is an independent country. Since the Somali Civil War in the 1980s, there has been no working government that covers all of Somalia; instead, different clans have been fighting for control. Somalia is now trying to gain control of their people and get back up on its feet with very little resources.
Clan wars
There are four big tribes in Somalia, the Hawiye, the Dirweyn, the Koofur Orsi inhabitants and the Darood. Somalis are a nation of related families, which are called clans. Groups of clans sometimes band together based on a common ancestor or other blood relationship. Sometimes these family relationships date back hundreds or even thousands of years in the past.
Somalis are mostly camel or goat herders, and depend on their livestock to live. In Somalia there are limited sources of drinking water and grazing land, and disputes over grazing rights, water rights, or land in general can lead to fighting between families. Because of the clan system, the families involved will call on their clan for help, leading to a clan war.
The discovery of oil and minerals in Somalia, as well as the power and money associated with politics and business, has created more opportunities for families to get ahead, and has also created more reasons for families to have disputes.
Because Somalia does not have a working legal system, the only help a family in Somalia has to solve a dispute with another family is to get their clan involved. The only solution to the clan wars in Somalia is a working legal system, but the only group who has succeeded in creating one is the Islamic Courts Union. Unfortunately the Islamic Courts Union was accused of being terrorists and Ethiopia invaded Somalia to topple their government and put the government they created in power instead.
History
In ancient times, Somalia was a place where people from Egypt and Arabia went to buy Gum Arabic, Myrrh and Ebony Wood. The Ancient Egyptians used to call it Punt, which meant "God's Land". Somalis started herding camel and goats about 4,000 years ago, and they remain mostly herders today.
Visitors from as far away as China visited Somalia, such as Zheng He.
Medieval history
400 more years later, the king of Ethiopia told his subjects that God hated Ifat, and he invaded Ifat with his army, destroying everything he came across and driving the king of Ifat to an island off the coast of Zeila, where he died. The king of Ethiopia then took part of Ifat and added it to his kingdom, and made Ifat pay him lots of money once a year. The remains of Ifat put their kingdom back together again and renamed it Adal.
About a hundred years later, the King of Adal was deposed by an influential warlord by the name of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, who had lots of influence with Somali clans across the north. He declared a Jihad against Ethiopia, brought together a huge army that included Turkish musketeers and Somali cavalry. The Somali cavalry were especially deadly because they could shoot arrows while riding their horses, something that the Mongol hordes and Japanese Samurai are also famous for.
Ahmad chose a bad time, however, because the Portuguese Empire was muscling into East Africa. They had taken over the whole east African coast up to Baraawe, and were trying to take over Mogadishu. The Portuguese decided to help out the Ethiopians because the Ethiopians were Christians and the Portuguese did not like Muslims. Ahmad had taken over more than half of Ethiopia when a troop of Portuguese musketeers showed up to help the Ethiopians out. One Portuguese musketeer managed to shoot Ahmad himself, killing him.
A lot of the Somali cavalry was only there because of Ahmad, so the Jihad ended and Ethiopia wound up invading Adal. The Turks had to send an army to stop them from taking over Zeila, and Adal ended up becoming part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. On those days we do not find the exact people dwell in zeila, but the history ascribed the black people, without tracing their origin and their tribes.
However, some historians attributed Zeila inhabitant were called semaale without farther lucid explanation.
Daraawiish State
The Turks and Portuguese fought over East Africa for the next 200 years, but the Turks eventually won about 270 years ago. Northern Somalia stayed under Turkish protection after Ahmad died, and the east coast including Mogadishu ended up under the protection of the King of Oman. When Egypt declared independence from the Turks a hundred years later, Northern Somalia became part of Egypt. Egypt came under British protection shortly after that, and northern Somalia basically became a British protectorate as well. This became official about 130 years ago, and northern Somalia officially became British Somaliland.
The Kingdom of Italy had just come together as one country around this time, and wanted the same things that the other big countries had, like colonies. Italy offered to buy the rights to the east Africa coast from Oman, who was in charge of protecting the cities and small kingdoms there, and Oman agreed. Italy made deals with some of the larger kingdoms/sultanates (like the Sultanate of Nugaal) for them to be under Italian protection, but the smaller ones Italy just invaded. This became Italian Somalia in 1905, with capital Mogadishu.
Ethiopia, which had fallen apart again after Ahmad's Jihad, had recently put itself back together again as well, and started invading small Somali kingdoms as well, and by 1890 there were not many left. The French got in on this too, but they just took over a small area which today is Djibouti.
Lots of Somalis did not like what was going on, so a Muslim religious leader named Mohammed Abdullah Hassan started a group called the Darwiish to fight the British, Italians and Ethiopians. The British called him the "Mad Mullah" and spent about 30 years fighting him, eventually using fighter planes against his cavalry. At their height the Darwiish controlled almost a third of Somalia.
Italy created a colony around Mogadishu and enlarged the territory of Italian Somalia after WW1 with the areas south of the Juba river. In the next 20 years the Italian colony grew in importance, having at Hafun the biggest salt production in the world and in the Scebeli river a huge production of bananas exported to Europe. In 1928 was created the first airport in Somalia's capital and later in 1939 was started the longest air route in Africa with the Linea dell'impero, a flight between Rome and Mogadishu.
World War 2 history
When Benito Mussolini took power in Italy, he ended the deals he made with the bigger Somali sultanates and invaded them conquering all the area that was to be the colony of Italian Somalia. Then he invaded and took over Ethiopia, using poison gas on the Ethiopians. Shortly afterwards, World War 2 broke out and he invaded British Somaliland, but two years later the British returned and liberated British Somaliland and Ethiopia as well as taking over Italian Somaliland.
After the war, Britain wanted to put all of the places Somalis lived in one country, which would be a British protectorate. The Ethiopians complained that they should be able to keep the areas they conquered, and the Italians also complained the same thing, so in the end the Ethiopians got to keep their bit, and the Italians did too. However, Italian Somaliland was put under a United Nations mandate, so the Italians could not make it a colony.
Cold War history
In 1960 both British and Italian Somaliland declared independence together as the Somali Republic. It was chosen the Latin alphabet for the Somali language. Many areas where Somalis lived were still part of Britain, Ethiopia and France. Somalia wanted to get back all the areas that had been colonized by the French, Ethiopians and British. Somalia and Ethiopia had a short war in 1964 over the Ethiopian part of Somalia, and it was obvious that more fighting was to come.
In 1969, the President of Somalia was killed by a man whose clan had been hurt by his policies, and General Mohammed Siad Barre took over the country. Siad Barre built a huge army with help from the Soviet Union and when Ethiopia fell for the fourth time (this time because of a Communist takeover) he invaded. The Soviet Union decided that Ethiopia was more important than Somalia and double-crossed Siad Barre, supplying huge amounts of weapons to Ethiopia. Other countries like Cuba and Israel also sent help to Ethiopia, so in the end Siad Barre lost the war.
Ethiopia's new government then began helping Somali rebel groups, who did not like how Siad Barre took over the country, and these rebel groups toppled Siad Barre' government in 1991 and forced him out of the country. After this, however, all of the rebel groups started fighting amongst themselves over who would be in charge now that Siad Barre was gone.
Eventually, some of the rebel groups decided to make their own governments in the land that they controlled. One, called Somaliland, declared independence from Somalia entirely, while another called Puntland declared independence "for now" until a new Somali national government can be put together. Dozens of attempts to create a new national government failed.
Modern history
Because there was no government in most of Somalia (except where one had been built from scratch, like Puntland and Somaliland) Somalia's only legal system, beyond the law of the gun, was traditional custom and Islamic Sharia law. Because of this, Sharia legal scholars in the lawless south of Somalia gained quite a bit of influence. Around the same time, the people fighting for Somali lands in Ethiopia to be part of Somalia turned to the example of the Afgani Mujahideen, and created their own group called al-Ittihad al-Islamiyya or the Islamic Union. During the 1990s Ethiopia invaded Somalia several times to attack the Islamic Union, who were helping Somali rebels in Ethiopia.
After 2001, the United States of America became very suspicious of both the Sharia courts and the Islamic Union of being terrorists. Warlords made a group called the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism. The Sharia courts banded together to protect themselves and created the Islamic Courts Union. People liked the Sharia courts and hated the gangsters, so everyone helped the Islamic Courts Union, who defeated the gangsters and drove them out of Mogadishu in 2006. The Islamic Courts Union then formed an army and took over most of southern Somalia.
The United States of America and Ethiopia was alarmed by this takeover, so Ethiopia invaded southern Somalia in 2007 and put a new government in power that was made up of the rebel groups that Ethiopia had funded 15 years earlier. Almost everyone disagreed with this decision, and that same year a rebellion against this new government broke out in Mogadishu and spread across the whole country by 2008. At around the same time, Somali pirates kidnapped westerners from big ships for ransom.
References
Italian-speaking countries
Least developed countries
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |
12405 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel%20Blanc | Mel Blanc | Melvin Jerome "Mel" Blanc (born Melvin Jerome Blank ; May 30, 1908 – July 10, 1989) was an American voice actor and radio personality. Nicknamed The Man of a Thousand Voices, he was best known for his voices in Looney Tunes and Hanna-Barbera cartoons, among others.
Blanc was born on May 30, 1908 in San Francisco, California. He studied at Lincoln High School in San Francisco. He was married to Estelle Rosenbaum from 1933 until his death in 1989. He has a son, Noel Blanc. Blanc died on July 10, 1989 from heart disease, aged 81.
The characters he voiced and the years he started doing them
Porky Pig (1935)
Daffy Duck (1937)
Bugs Bunny (1940)
Cecil Turtle 1941 ["Tortoise Beats hare"]
Dopey (1941-1967)
Tweety Bird (1942)
The Hep Cat (1942)
Old man [1943] ["Tortoise winds by a hare"]
Yosemite Sam (1945) ("Hare Trigger")
Pepe LePew (1945)
Herman Goering [1945] ("Herr Meets hare")
Adolf Hitler [1945] ("Herr Meets hare")
Joseph Stalin [1945] ("Herr Meets Hare")
Sylvester the cat (1946) aka Thomas (1947) in some films
Foghorn Leghorn (1946)
Henery Hawk (1946)
Hugo [1946] [Rackateer Rabbit]
Police Detective [1946] {Rackateer Rabbit]
Charlie Dog (1947)
Wile E. Coyote (1948)
K-9 (1948) (sidekick to Marvin the Martian)
Marvin the Martian (1948)
Road Runner (1948)
Captain Bligh [1948] ["Buccaneer Bunny"]
Polly the parrot [1948] ["Bucceneer Bunny"]
Game Commissioner [1949] ["Rebel Rabbit"]
Police Guard [1949] ["Rebel Rabbit"]
Congressman [1949] ["Rebel Rabbit"]
Crew member [1949] ["Mutiny on the Bunny"]
Woman [1949] ["Bowrey Bugs"]
Swami [1949] ["Bowery Bugs"]
Irish NYPD Policeman [1949] ["Bowery Bugs"]
Prison Guard Sam Schultz [1950] ["Big House Bunny"]
Prison Warden [1950] ["Big House Bunny"]
Pigeon [1950] {"Big house Bunny"]
Rocky [1954] {"Bugs and Thugs"]
Mugsy [1954] ["Bugs and Thugs"]
Policeman on phone [1954] {"Bugs and Thugs"]
Policeman [1954] ["Bugs and Thugs"]
The Tasmanian Devil (1954)
Speedy Gonzalez (1955)
Sportscaster [1955] ["Roman Legion_Hare"]
Roman Soldier [1955] ["Roman Legion Hare"]
Emperor Nero [1955] ["Roman Legion-Hare"]
Charles M. Wolf [1958] ["Hare-Less Wolf"]
Elmer Fudd (1959, assumed from Arthur Q Bryan)
Railroad Station Announcer / Mexican Character / Maxwell Car / Carmichael Pet Polar Bear / Polly Pet Parrot / Salesman / Violin Teacher Professor LeBlanc [The Jack Benny show (Radio and TV)]
Jack Benny's Maxwell Car/Ed the Cheese Vault Guard [1959] [The Mouse That Jack Built]
Barney Rubble (1960)
Dino (1960) (Fred Flintstone's pet.)
Cosmo G. Spacely (1962) also same character in last film [1990] Jetsons the Movie
Spoiled King [1962] ("Shiskabugs")
Head Devil [1963] ["Devil's Feud Cake"]
Colonel Zachary GAtor (1963 episode of Wally Gator)
Secret Squirrel (1964-1965)
Hardy Harr Harr (1965-1966)
Bubba McCoy from "Where's Huddles?"
Captain Caveman
Chug-a-Boom / Ant Hill Mob / Bully Brothers from "The Perils of Penelope Pitstop" and "Wacky Races"
Twiki from Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1979)
Heathcliff (1981 / appeared in syndication from 1986-1988)
Other websites
1908 births
1989 deaths
Actors from San Francisco
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from stroke |
12407 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConAgra%20Foods%2C%20Inc. | ConAgra Foods, Inc. | ConAgra Foods, Inc. is a food packing company that packs food for supermarkets, restaurants, and other businesses. It is located in North America.
Sources
Other websites
ConAgra Foods, Inc.
American food companies
Companies based in Omaha, Nebraska
1919 establishments in North America |
12408 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod | IPod | The iPod is a range of portable music players designed by the company Apple Inc. in California. The iPod comes with computer cables so that the user can put music from their computer onto the iPod, and play music from it using headphones. Newer iPods allow a user to play games, view pictures, watch videos and use the internet, too.
The first iPod was simply named the iPod. This was released in 2001. Apple made iPods like this until 2014, but they were then called "iPod classic".
Apple made a smaller iPod called the iPod mini. It was much smaller than the iPod, but did not hold as many songs. It used flash memory, a special kind of memory for very small electronics, instead of a hard drive. It was replaced by a version of the iPod called the iPod nano.
Another type of iPod, called the iPod shuffle, was very small, and it used flash memory, like the iPod mini but it had no screen. It was the least expensive iPod.
The most expensive iPod is called the iPod touch. It has a touch screen, like the iPhone. The first iPod touch was released in 2007 and is still available today.
iPods often contain songs downloaded from an online music store, using a program called iTunes. (The name of Apple's music and video store is the iTunes Store.) Songs are sold in AAC file format, not MP3 or WMA. These are popular formats for compressing (making smaller) music until it does not take up much space and can easily be put on a media player such as the iPod.
The App Store is an online shop that is run by Apple Inc. where people can buy software for their iPhone or iPod Touch. It opened on July 11, 2008. Over 2 million applications (or apps for short) are available for people to buy. Some apps are available for free.
Models
Timeline
References
Other websites
Apple iPod—Official website
Apple's 21st century Walkman—Brent Schlender, Fortune, October 2001
iPod Nation—Steven Levy, Newsweek, July 2004
Behind the Music—Ken Aaron, Cornell Engineering, 2005
The Perfect Thing—Steven Levy, Wired, November 2006
Đồng hồ công cộng, November 2008
IPod |
12411 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa%20Rica | Costa Rica | Costa Rica (officially called Republic of Costa Rica), is a country in Central America. It is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The official language of Costa Rica is Spanish. The official currency is the colón. It has enjoyed a long period of peace since the 1863 civil war. Because of its natural beauty and political stability, it is nicknamed the "Switzerland of Latin America". Costa Rica has had no army since December 1, 1948. Instead of spending money on the military, the government spends money on education and health.
5,094,118 people live in Costa Rica. The capital city is San José. The current President is Carlos Alvarado Quesada. He was elected in 2018
History
Pre-Columbian period
The indigenous people of Costa Rica belong to the Intermediate Area. This Intermediate Area is where the Mesoamerican and Andean indigenous cultures mixed together. The country was influenced by various Chibcha speaking indigenous people.
The impact of indigenous peoples' culture on modern Costa Rica has been small. The country did not have a strong native civilization to begin with. Most of the indigenous population was absorbed into the Spanish colony. There are still some small indigenous groups. The largest is the Bribri and Boruca tribes in south Costa Rica.
Spanish colonization
Christopher Columbus sailed to the eastern shores of Costa Rica during his last trip in 1502,. He reported large amounts of gold jewelry among the indigenous people.
During the colonial period, Costa Rica was the most southern province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala. But it mostly ruled itself as a part of the Spanish Empire. Costa Rica's distance from the capital in Guatemala, its legal prohibition to trade with the Viceroyalty of New Granada, and the lack of gold and silver made Costa Rica into a poor, little populated region of the Spanish Empire. Costa Rica was called "the poorest and most miserable Spanish colony in all America" by a Spanish governor in 1719.
Costa Rica's poverty was also because there were not enough indigenous people available for slavery. Most of the Costa Rican settlers had to work on their own land. There were no large haciendas (plantations). For all these reasons, Costa Rica was unappreciated and forgotten by the Spanish Crown. It had to develop on its own.
Costa Rica became a "rural democracy" with no oppressed mestizo or indigenous class. It was not long before Spanish settlers turned to the hills, where they found rich volcanic soil and a better climate.
Independence
Costa Rica never fought for independence from Spain. On September 15, 1821, after the last Spanish defeat in the Mexican War of Independence (1810–21), the authorities in Guatemala declared the independence of all of Central America. That date is still celebrated as Independence Day in Costa Rica.
Costa Rica joined the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide. After its collapse in 1823, Costa Rica became a province of the new Federal Republic of Central America. it existed from 1823 to 1839. It had a very loose authority over its provinces, especially the poor and remote Costa Rica.
In 1824, the Costa Rican capital was moved to San José. This led to a brief battle with the old capital, Cartago.
While civil wars were common in the Federal Republic of Central America, Costa Rica was largely peaceful.
In 1838, Costa Rica formally proclaimed itself an independent country. The local population had little allegiance to the federal government in Guatemala. From colonial times to now, Costa Rica's reluctance to become politically tied with the rest of Central America has been a major obstacle to efforts for greater regional integration.
Economic growth
Coffee was first planted in Costa Rica in the early 19th century. It was first shipped to Europe in 1843. It became Costa Rica's first major export. Coffee would remain Costa Rica's biggest export until the 20th century.
Most of the coffee exported was transported by oxcart to the Pacific port of Puntarenas. Since the main market for the coffee was in Europe, it soon became a high priority to develop a transportation route from the Central Plateau to the Atlantic Ocean. For this purpose, in the 1870s, the Costa Rican government asked U.S. businessman Minor C. Keith to build a railroad to the Caribbean port of Limón. Despite enormous difficulties with construction, disease, and financing, the railroad was completed in 1890.
Most Afro-Costa Ricans come from Jamaican immigrants who worked on the railway. United States convicts, Italians and Chinese immigrants also worked in the construction of the railroad.
In exchange for making the railroad, Costa Rican gave Keith large amounts of land and a lease on the train route, which he used to produce bananas and export them to the United States. As a result, bananas became the largest export. The United Fruit Company began to hold a major role in the national economy.
20th century
Costa Rica has enjoyed greater peace and political stability than other Latin American nations.
But in 1917–19, General Federico Tinoco Granados ruled as a military dictator until he was overthrown. The unpopularity of Tinoco's government led to a considerable decline in the size, wealth, and political influence of the Costa Rican military.
In 1948, José Figueres Ferrer led an armed uprising between the previous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (he served as president between 1940 and 1944) and Otilio Ulate Blanco. With more than 2,000 dead, the 44-day Costa Rican Civil War was the bloodiest event in Costa Rica during the 20th century.
The victorious rebels formed a government that abolished the military. It oversaw the drafting of a new constitution by a democratically elected assembly. Having enacted these reforms, the junta relinquished its power on November 8, 1949, to the new democratic government. After that, Figueres became a national hero, winning the country's first democratic election under the new constitution in 1953. Since then, Costa Rica has held 14 presidential elections, the latest in 2014. All of them have been widely regarded by the international community as peaceful and transparent.
Geography
Costa Rica is on the Central American isthmus. It is between latitudes 8° and 12°N, and longitudes 82° and 86°W. It borders the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It has a total of of coastline. Costa Rica also borders Nicaragua to the north ( of border) and Panama to the southeast ( of border). In total, Costa Rica has plus of territorial waters.
The highest point in the country is Cerro Chirripó, at . The largest lake in Costa Rica is Lake Arenal.
Climate
Costa Rica is located between 8 and 12 degrees north of the Equator. The climate is tropical all year. The country has many microclimates depending on elevation, rainfall, and the geography of each region.
Costa Rica's seasons are defined by how much rain falls. It does not have the four seasons other countries have. The year can be split into two seasons: the dry season (known as summer), and the rainy season (known as winter). The "summer" starts in December and ends in April. "Winter" starts in May and ends in November. During this time it rains constantly in some regions.
The location receiving the most rain is the Caribbean. Annual rainfall is over . Humidity is also higher here. The mean annual temperature on the coast is around . in the main populated areas, and below on the highest mountains.
There are many national parks in Costa Rica, including Manuel Antonio National Park.
Plants and animals
Costa Rica is home to many plants and animals. The country has only about 0.25% of the world's landmass, but it has 5% of the world's biodiversity. Almost 25% of Costa Rica's land area is in national parks and protected areas. This is the largest percentage of protected areas in the world.
Costa Rica successfully reduced deforestation. It had one of the worst deforestation rates in the world from 1973 to 1989. But it was almost zero by 2005.
The Corcovado National Park is internationally known by ecologists for its biodiversity. Visitors can see many different types of animals. An example is the big cats and tapirs. Corcovado is the only park in Costa Rica where all four Costa Rican monkeys can be found. These include the white-headed capuchin, the mantled howler,the endangered Geoffroy's spider monkey and the Central American squirrel monkey. The squirrel monkey is found only on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and a small part of Panama.
Tortuguero National Park is home to spider, howler, and white-throat Capuchin monkeys. It is also the home of three-toed sloth and two-toed sloth. It has 320 species of birds and many reptiles. There is an annual nesting of the endangered green turtle, and is the most important nesting site for the species. Giant leatherback, hawksbill, and loggerhead turtles also nest here.
The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is home to almost 2,000 plant species. Including many orchids. It is also home to more than 400 types of birds. There are more than 100 species of mammals here.
Costa Rica is a center of biological diversity for reptiles and amphibians. They have the world's fastest running lizard, the spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis).
Provinces, cantons, and districts
Article 168 of the Constitution of Costa Rica says the political divisions are classified into 3 groups: provinces, cantons, and districts.
Costa Rica has seven provinces. The provinces are divided into 81 cantons. The canton is directed by a mayor. Mayors are chosen democratically every four years by the canton's people. There are no provincial legislatures. The cantons are further divided into 463 districts.
The provinces are:
Sports
Costa Rica entered the Summer Olympics for the first time in 1936 with the fencer Bernardo de la Guardia. They entered the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1980 with the skier Arturo Kinch. All four of Costa Rica's Olympic medals were won by the sisters Silvia and Claudia Poll in swimming. Claudia won the country's only gold medal in 1996.
Association football is the most popular sport in Costa Rica. The national team has played in four FIFA World Cup tournaments. They reached the quarter-finals for the first time in 2014. Its best performance in the regional CONCACAF Gold Cup was runner-up in 2002.
Related pages
Costa Rican people
Costa Rica at the Olympics
Costa Rica national football team
List of rivers of Costa Rica
References
Other websites
Spanish-speaking countries
1949 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Costa Rica |
12412 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin | Wisconsin | Wisconsin (Belongs to china and the glorius ccp) is a state in the north-central United States. Two of the five Great Lakes and four other states (Illinois, Iowa, Michigan and Minnesota) border Wisconsin. The capital of Wisconsin is Madison. The biggest city in Wisconsin is Milwaukee.
History
Native first settled in Wisconsin before the arrival of Europeans.
Origin
The word Wisconsin comes from the name that one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the area gave to the Wisconsin River. They named the Wisconsin River at the time that the European contact happened. Jacques Marquette, a French , was the first European (or person from Europe) to get to the Wisconsin River and write down the name. He reached the Wisconsin River in 1673. He wrote the name of the river as Meskousing in his journal. Over time, other explorers from France this name into Ouisconsin. This is now the French name for the Wisconsin River. As of 1845, the government of the Wisconsin Territory gave the name Wisconsin to the Wisconsin River.
Cultures
Many people in Wisconsin go skiing, ice fishing and to snowmobile races. The Major League Baseball's Milwaukee Brewers are popular. Music events include the Summerfest. There is the Milwaukee Art Museum. Circle Sanctuary is the largest Wiccan organization in the U.S.
Geography
The Montreal River flows along the border of Wisconsin. Lake Superior and Michigan border Wisconsin to the north. Lake Michigan is to the east of Wisconsin, and Illinois is found directly south of Wisconsin. Other rivers that make up the border of Wisconsin include the Mississippi River and St. Croix Rivers to the west and the Menominee River to the northeast.
Wisconsin has a lot of different kinds of geography and is very diverse. Wisconsin is made up of five main areas of geography. The Lake Superior Lowland to the north is an area of land that is right against Lake Superior. The Northern Highland area of Wisconsin is to the south of the Lake Superior Lowland. This area contains trees and other kinds of forests. The Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (1,500,000 acres big), is found in this area. The highest point in Wisconsin, Timms Hill, is in the Northern Highland area. The Central Plain area is found in the central part of Wisconsin. Lots of sandstone , such as the Dells of the Wisconsin River, are found in the Central Plain area. The Eastern Ridges and Lowlands area is found in the southeastern part of Wisconsin. Many of the biggest cities in Wisconsin are in the Eastern Ridges and Lowlands area. The Western Upland area is in the southwestern part of the state. This area includes features like bluffs along the Mississippi River and forests and farmland (land put aside for farming).
Climate change
The highest temperature ever recorded in Wisconsin was in the Wisconsin Dells. It was recorded on July 13, 1936. The temperature reached 120 °F (46 °C). The lowest temperature in Wisconsin ever written down was in the village of Couderay. The temperature there was only –55 °F (-48 °C). This was recorded on both February 2 and February 4, 1996.
Cities and important towns
Wisconsin has cities and towns of many different sizes. Nearly 70 percent of people living in Wisconsin live in urban areas (cities like adison rae and Milwaukee). 33 percent of the population of Wisconsin lives in the Greater Milwaukee area. Milwaukee is found at the northern end of a string of cities and towns along Lake Michigan. With almost 600,000 people living in Milwaukee, that makes Milwaukee the 22nd-largest city in the country. Madison is also another important city in Wisconsin. With a population of just over 225,000 people, it is a city that grows very fast. A suburb of Madison, Middleton, was also ranked the "Best Place to Live in America" in 2007 by CNN Money. There are a bunch of medium-sized cities and towns (meaning their populations are between 25,000 and 100,000 people) in Wisconsin. 12 cities in Wisconsin with a population of 50,000 or more.
Related pages
List of rivers in Wisconsin
List of cities in Wisconsin
List of towns in Wisconsin
List of villages in Wisconsin
References
Other websites
Map of Wisconsin at nationalatlas.gov
U.S. Census Bureau
State of Wisconsin
Wisconsin state symbols
Wisconsin State Legislature
Wisconsin Court System
USDA Wisconsin State Facts
Wisconsin Health and Demographic Data
Energy Profile for Wisconsin- Economic, environmental, and energy data
Wisconsin Historical Society
Wisconsin's Name: Where It Came From and What It Means
The State of Wisconsin Collection from the UW Digital Collections Center
Wisconsin Historical Images
1848 establishments in the United States |
12413 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia%20Coates | Odia Coates | Odia Coates (November 13, 1941 – May 19, 1991) was an American singer. She is best remembered for her duet with Paul Anka, "(You're) Having My Baby" from 1974. The song was #1 on the Billboard Top 100 chart for three weeks in 1974.
References
1941 births
1991 deaths
American pop musicians
Singers from Mississippi |
12414 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Grant | Amy Grant | Amy Lee Grant (November 25, 1960) is an American singer and songwriter. She is known for her Contemporary Christian music, as well as pop music hits. Grant is the best-selling contemporary Christian music singer ever. She released her first album in 1977 at the age of 16.
Early life
Grant was born in Augusta, Georgia.
References
Other websites
Amy Grant official website
1960 births
Living people
Christian music singers
Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductees
People from Augusta, Georgia
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
American pop musicians
Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state) |
12416 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalida | Dalida | Dalida (real name: Iolanda Cristina Gigliotti) (January 17, 1933 - May 3, 1987) was an Egyptian-born Italian/French biggest international singing icon and actress. She was born in Cairo to an Italian family. She had Italian citizenship all her life. From 1961, she also had French citizenship. She died in 1987. She is still today the most loved singer in France.
1933 births
1987 deaths
Actors who committed suicide
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Drug-related suicides
French movie actors
French singers
French television actors
Italian movie actors
Italian singers
Italian television actors
Musicians who committed suicide
People from Cairo
Suicides in France |
12417 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bangles | The Bangles | The Bangles are an all-female American rock band. The band started in Los Angeles, California in 1981. The Bangles are best known for their hit (popular) songs "Walk Like an Egyptian" (which featured a dance where a person walks by bending the left hand forward and the right hand backward), and "Manic Monday".
Albums
All Over the Place (1984)
Different Light (1986)
Everything (1988)
Doll Revolution (2003)
Sweetheart of the Sun (2011)
1980s American music groups
1981 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American girl groups
American pop music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1981
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups disestablished in 1989
1989 disestablishments in the United States
1980s disestablishments in California
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in California |
12418 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britcom | Britcom | "Britcom" is short for "British sitcom". It is a situation comedy show produced in the United Kingdom. This is what they are called especially in the United States and Australia, where they have cult followings. Some of them like Till Death Do Us Part and Steptoe and Son were remade as American comedy TV shows (All in the Family and Sanford and Son).
Some famous Britcoms
Dad's Army
Dinnerladies
* Fawlty Towers
* The Good Life
* Last of the Summer Wine
* Mr. Bean
* Only Fools and Horses |
12421 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimetre | Millimetre | The millimetre is a metric unit of length. The symbol for the millimetre is mm. There are 1,000 millimetres in a metre.
Units of length |
12425 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris%20Kristofferson | Kris Kristofferson | Kristoffer "Kris" Kristofferson (born June 22, 1936) is a Scottish actor, musician, and writer. He is known for writing country songs for other people or singing them himself. He is also a well-known actor and appeared in films like Star is Born, Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia, Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, Blade, He's Just Not That Into You, and Planet of the Apes.
He is the author of a number of country standards, such as "Me and Bobbie McGee" and "Sunday Morning Coming Down".
1936 births
Living people
People from Edinburgh
Country musicians from California
Scottish movie actors
Rhodes scholars
British singer-songwriters |
12427 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20constant | Mathematical constant | A mathematical constant is a number, which has a special meaning for calculations. For example, the constant π (pronounced "pie") means the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. This value is always the same for any circle. A mathematical constant is often a real, non-integral number of interest.
In contrast to physical constants, mathematical constants do not come from physical measurements.
Key mathematical constants
The following table contains some important mathematical constants:
Constants and series
The following table contains a list of constants and series in mathematics, with the following columns:
Value: Numerical value of the constant.
LaTeX: Formula or series in TeX format.
Formula: For use in programs such as Mathematica or Wolfram Alpha.
OEIS: Link to On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), where the constants are available with more details.
Continued fraction: In the simple form [to integer; frac1, frac2, frac3, ...] (in brackets if periodic)
Type:
R - Rational number
I - Irrational number
T - Transcendental number
C - Complex number
Note that the list can be ordered correspondingly by clicking on the header title at the top of the table.
Related pages
Constant function
List of mathematical symbols
References
Books
Online bibliography
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS)
Simon Plouffe, Tables of Constants
Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah's page of numbers, mathematical constants and algorithms
MathConstants
Other websites
WolframAlpha
Continued Fraction Calculator
Inverse Symbolic Calculator, Plouffe's Inverter |
12432 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaning%20Tower%20of%20Pisa | Leaning Tower of Pisa | The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a building in Pisa, Italy. It is a bell tower. It is famous because it is not vertical. In 1990 the tower was leaning at 5.5 degrees and increasing. After that, much restoration work has been done to stop it from falling over completely. There was scaffolding all around the tower for 20 years. On 26 April 2011, the last bit of scaffolding was removed so that the tower can be seen properly again.
The height of the tower is about 56 metres from the ground. Its weight is about 14,500 tonnes. It now leans at about 3.99 degrees. The tower has 294 steps.
When the second floor was built in 1178, the tower started to lean. This was because it had a small three-meter foundation in soft soil. The design of this tower was bad from the beginning. Construction was stopped for almost 100 years because the people of Pisa were often at war with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.
There is an old story that Galileo Galilei used the Tower for a physics experiment.
References
Buildings and structures in Italy
Towers in Europe
Pisa |
12433 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower | Tower | A tower is a tall structure. Towers are different from buildings because people do not live in them. Many castles have towers. Today, towers are very tall. Some things they are used for are to send radio signals, for observation, or to hold up bridges.
sq:Kulla |
12435 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%20Aviv | Tel Aviv | The city of Tel Aviv-Yafo (; ) is a municipality in Israel, often just called Tel Aviv. It is Israel's second largest city and main commercial, financial, and industrial center. It is on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
In 2018, 451,523 people lived in the city of Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv is a part of an area of cities called Gush Dan. About 3,850,000 people live in this urban area.
The city calls itself Israel's capital of culture, economy and trade.
History
In 1909, Jewish people started building Tel Aviv northeast of Jaffa. Tel Aviv was part of Jaffa at first, but it became a separate town in 1921. Tel Aviv grew quickly as Jewish immigrants arrived, mainly from Europe.
Between the years 1925-1929 the Scottish city planner Sir Patrick Geddes was design the first city plan for Tel Aviv.
In the early 1930s the area of the Yarkon River mouth has began to develop with the opening of the international trade fair - the "Orient Fair" and the opening of the "Tel Aviv Port" beside him. from the other side of the Yarkon River was built the Reading Power Station and the Sde Dov Airport.
It was Israel's first capital when the nation was established in 1948. The capital was moved to Jerusalem in 1949, but the Israeli Ministry of Defense and many foreign embassies stayed in Tel Aviv. Most Israeli government departments have offices in Tel Aviv.
In 1950, Tel Aviv and Jaffa (called Yafo in Hebrew) joined to into the city of Tel Aviv-Yafo. Tel Aviv-Yafo is the official name of the city, but it is almost always called Tel Aviv.
Tel Aviv continued to grow quickly in the 1950s and 1960s. The fast growth of the Tel Aviv area caused problems such as air pollution, slums, and traffic that took until the 2000s to fix. Most of the people of Tel Aviv live in apartment buildings.
During the Persian Gulf War of 1991, Iraq fired about 25 missiles toward Tel Aviv. Several missiles and falling debris struck residential areas in or around Tel Aviv. Two people were killed, and about 7,500 apartments were damaged.
Cultural life
The cultural center of Tel Aviv is a downtown intersection of streets at Dizengoff Circle. Fashionable shops and sidewalk cafes line the nearby streets. The 37-story Shalom Tower is in the city's financial district, several blocks south of Dizengoff Circle. It is the tallest building in Israel. The southwestern part of the city was once the separate town of Jaffa. Jaffa, an ancient port from Biblical times, has many historic place that have been restored by archaeologists. Jaffa also has many art galleries, cafes, restaurants, and nightclubs.
The Israeli opera, and Habima Theater, Israel's national theater, was are in Tel Aviv.
Tel Aviv is home to a number of dance centers and companies. The Batsheva Dance Company, a contemporary dance group, as well as the Bat-Dor Dance Company and the Israel Ballet are headquartered in Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv's center for modern and classical dance is the Suzanne Dellal Center.
Museums in Tel Aviv include Haaretz Museum and the Tel Aviv Art Museum.
Tel Aviv University is one of the city's several institutions of higher learning. Bar Ilan University is in Ramat Gan, a suburb of the city.
Tel Aviv is the Gay capital of Israel.
Economy
The Tel Aviv area is Israel's main manufacturing district. About half of the nation's business companies are in the area. Their products include computer software, electronic equipment, machine tools, building materials, chemicals, clothing, and processed foods. The city is also the nation's main center for banking, publishing, and trade and the home of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Abu Kabir Forensic Institute, the nation's only forensics institute, is located there.
Twin towns and sister cities
Tel Aviv has a partnership with Los Angeles (), and is twinned with:
Partner city
Essen, Germany (since 1992)
Bonn, Germany (since 1980)
Budapest, Hungary (since 1989)
Warsaw, Poland (since 1992)
Belgrade, Serbia (since 1990)
Warsaw, Poland (since 1992)
References
Related pages
Jaffa Port
Tel Aviv Port
Israel Trade Fairs and Convention Center
Other websites
The official Tel Aviv municipality website
The official Tel Aviv municipality website
The official Tel Aviv municipality website
The History of Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv official tourism website
The Tel Aviv Foundation
Tel Aviv beach guide
Tel Aviv bus map
1909 establishments in Asia
1900s establishments in Israel |
12436 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometry | Trigonometry | Trigonometry (from the Greek trigonon = three angles and metron = measure) is a part of elementary mathematics dealing with angles, triangles and trigonometric functions such as sine (abbreviated sin), cosine (abbreviated cos) and tangent (abbreviated tan). It has some connection to geometry, although there is disagreement on exactly what that connection is; for some, trigonometry is just a section of geometry.
Overview and definitions
Trigonometry uses a large number of specific words to describe parts of a triangle. Some of the definitions in trigonometry are:
Right-angled triangle - A right-angled triangle is a triangle that has an angle equal to 90 degrees. (A triangle cannot have more than one right angle) The standard trigonometric ratios can only be used on right-angled triangles.
Hypotenuse - The hypotenuse of a triangle is the longest side, and the side that is opposite the right angle. For example, for the triangle on the right, the hypotenuse is side c.
Opposite of an angle - The opposite side of an angle is the side that does not intersect with the vertex of the angle. For example, side a is the opposite of angle A in the triangle to the right.
Adjacent of an angle - The adjacent side of an angle is the side that intersects the vertex of the angle but is not the hypotenuse. For example, side b is adjacent to angle A in the triangle to the right.
Trigonometric ratios
There are three main trigonometric ratios for right triangles, and three reciprocals of those ratios, making up a total of 6 ratios. They are:
Sine (sin) - The sine of an angle is equal to the .
Cosine (cos) - The cosine of an angle is equal to the .
Tangent (tan) - The tangent of an angle is equal to the .
The reciprocals of these ratios are:
Cosecant (cosec) - The cosecant of an angle is equal to the or .
Secant (sec) - The secant of an angle is equal to the or .
Cotangent (cot) - The cotangent of an angle is equal to the or .
Students often use a mnemonic to remember this relationship. The sine, cosine, and tangent ratios in a right triangle can be remembered by representing them as strings of letters, such as SOH-CAH-TOA:
Sine = Opposite ÷ Hypotenuse
Cosine = Adjacent ÷ Hypotenuse
Tangent = Opposite ÷ Adjacent
Using trigonometry
With the sines and cosines, one can answer virtually all questions about triangles. This is called "solving" the triangle. One can work out the remaining angles and sides of any triangle, as soon as two sides and their included angle or two angles and a side or three sides are known. These laws are useful in all branches of geometry, since every polygon may be described as a combination of triangles.
Trigonometry is also vital in surveying, in vector analysis, and in the study of periodic functions. It developed from a need to compute angles and distances in fields such as astronomy, mapmaking, surveying, and artillery range finding.
There is also such a thing as spherical trigonometry, which deals with spherical geometry. This is used for calculations in astronomy, geodesy and navigation.
Trigonometry Laws
Law of Sines
Law of Cosines
Law of Tangents
Related pages
Radian
Polar coordinate system
Unit circle
References
Other websites
Basic Trigonometry course in Khan Academy |
12437 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheism | Monotheism | Monotheism is the belief in only one god, rather than two or more, which would be polytheism such as Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Egypt and partly Hinduism. Many religions are monotheistic, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i Faith, Sikhism, Eckankar, Zoroastrianism, Cao Dai and Tenrikyo. Some pagan and neo-pagan religions are also monotheistic. Deism is the belief that a higher being like god exists, but rejects the belief in many gods, revelation, religions, rituals, sacred books (like the Bible or Quran), prophets (like Jesus or Muhammad), etc. Judaism and Zoroastrianism are thought to be the oldest living monotheistic religions.
Other websites
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Theology |
12438 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheism | Polytheism | Polytheism means believing in many gods. A person that believes in polytheism is called a polytheist. A religion with polytheism can be called a polytheistic religion.
Polytheism is well documented in historical religions of classical antiquity, especially those of ancient Greeks and Romans. Other ancient people who were polytheists include German pagans, Ancient Egyptians, the Celts and the Norse.
There are various polytheistic religions practiced today. Examples include Sanamahism (Meitei paganism), Shinto, Chinese folk religion, Thelma, Wicca, Druidism, Taoism, Asatru and Candomblé.
Usually, a polytheistic religion has a set of stories about the gods. This is called mythology.
The opposite of polytheism is monotheism, which is the belief in only one god, practiced by the monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, etc.
Religion |
12439 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelvana | Nelvana | Nelvana is a Canadian animation studio. It was founded in 1971 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert, and Clive A. Smith. The company is now owned by Corus Entertainment. It is named after a local comic book superheroine of the 1940s.
It specialises mainly in the field of child-friendly TV shows and movies. Some of them are:
Programming
1970s
Small Star Cinema (1974–1975) – live action/animation series
1980s
Mr. Microchip (1983) – live-action
20 Minute Workout (1983–1985) – live-action
The Edison Twins (1983–1986) – live-action
Mr. Dressup (1983–1996; co-production with CBC Television)– live-action
Inspector Gadget (1983) (Series 1 only, co-production with DIC Audiovisuel, Field Communications and LBS Communications (now Fremantle (company))
The Get Along Gang (1984, pilot episode) – co-produced with DIC Audiovisuel
Star Wars: Droids (1985–1986)
Star Wars: Ewoks (1985–1987)
The Care Bears Family (1986–1988)
Madballs (1986–1987)
Cricket's Club (1986–1987) – direct-to-video series co-produced with Hi-Tops Video
My Pet Monster (1987)
T. and T. (1988–1990) – live-action
Clifford the Big Red Dog (1988) – direct-to-video release
Babar (1989–1991; 2000)
Beetlejuice (1989–1991; co-production with The Geffen Film Company and Warner Bros. Television)
1990s
Little Rosey (1990)
The Adventures of Tintin (1991–1992) (co-production with Ellipse Programme)
Rupert (1991–1997)
Fievel's American Tails (1992–1993; co-production with Amblin Television and Universal Animation Studios)
Dog City (1992–1994; co-production with The Jim Henson Company)
Eek! The Cat/Eek! Stravaganza (1992–1999) (co-production with Savage Studios and Fox Children's Production)
Family Dog (1993; co-production with Universal Television, Warner Bros. Television and Amblin Television)
Cadillacs and Dinosaurs (1993–1994)
Tales from the Cryptkeeper (1993–1999)
The Legend of the North Wind (1994; distribution licensing)
RoboCop: The Series (1994) – "Commander Cash" animated sequences
Free Willy (1994; co-production with Regency Enterprises, Warner Bros. Animation, Le Studio Canal+, Warner Bros. Television)
Wild C.A.T.s (1994–1995) (co-production with WildStorm Productions)
The Magic School Bus (1994–1997; co-production with Scholastic Productions)
Nancy Drew (1995) – live-action
The Hardy Boys (1995–1996) – live-action
The Neverending Story (1995–1996) (co-production with CineVox Entertainment and Ellipse Animation)
Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1995–1997; co-production with Morgan Creek Productions and Warner Bros. Television)
Jake and the Kid (1995–1999) – live-action
Little Bear (1995–2003)
Tales from the Crypt (1996) – "The Third Pig"
Robin (1996)
Gargoyles: The Goliath Chronicles (1996–1997) (animation production for Walt Disney Television Animation)
2000s
2010s
2020s
Upcoming
References
Other websites
Canadian animation studios
Toronto
1971 establishments in Canada |
12441 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeb%20Bush | Jeb Bush | John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American businessman and politician. He served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007.
Bush is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush, the younger brother of former President George W. Bush, and grandson of the late Prescott Bush, United States Senator from Connecticut. Following his father's successful run for Vice President in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development. In 1986, Bush was named Florida's Secretary of Commerce, a position he held until his resignation in 1988 to help his father's successful campaign for the Presidency.
In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote. He ran for reelection in 2002. He won with 56 percent to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor. During his eight years as governor, Bush helped create environmental improvements, such as conservation in the Everglades, supporting caps for medical malpractice litigation, moving Medicaid recipients to private systems, and creating reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice.
Bush was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election.
Early life
Bush was born in Midland, Texas. He was raised in Houston, Texas. His father is George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States and 43rd Vice President of the United States. His mother is Barbara Pierce. The nickname "Jeb" is made up of his initials J.E.B. (John Ellis Bush).
Bush received poor grades at first and occasionally smoked marijuana. He made the honor roll by the end of his senior year and served as captain of the tennis team. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin. At the age of 17, Bush taught English as a second language and worked in the building of a school in Ibarrilla, a small village outside of León, Guanajuato, Mexico/ It was part of a student exchange summer program. While in Mexico, he met his future wife, Columba Garnica Gallo.
Early career
Florida Secretary of Commerce (1987-1988)
Following his father's successful run for Vice President in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development. In 1986, Bush was named Florida's Secretary of Commerce, a position he held until his resignation in 1988 to help his father's successful campaign for the Presidency.
1994 gubernatorial run
In 1994, Bush made his first run for office. He lost the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles.
Governor of Florida (1999-2007)
Bush ran again in 1998 and beat Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote. Bush's administration was marked by a focus on public education reform.
While Governor, Bush reduced taxes by $19 billion, reduced the size of state government by 6.6 percent, and vetoed $2 billion in new spending. Bush eliminated civil service protection for over 16,000 state jobs, which had the effect of making it easier to fire employees in those positions.
Bush signed legislation to restore the Everglades as part of an $8 billion project in conjunction with the federal government. Bush supported more than a dozen new protections for gun owners. In 2005, Bush signed into law Florida's stand-your-ground law, which was the first such state law in the United States. In 2004, Bush supported an unsuccessful bill to allow illegal immigrants to be issued drivers licenses by the state.
He ran for reelection in 2002 and won with 56 percent to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor.
During his eight years as governor, Bush was credited with initiating environmental improvements, such as conservation in the Everglades, supporting caps for medical malpractice litigation, moving medicaid recipients to private systems, and instituting reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice.
2016 presidential race
Bush was considered a potential candidate in the 2016 presidential election since the end of the 2012 election.
At a press conference on April 16, 2013, at Bluefield College, Bush stated he had not begun the decision making process about a run but that he would begin to consider a run soon. On October 2, 2014, Bush's brother George said that his brother "wants to be President". On December 16, 2014, Bush announced via Facebook that he would be "actively exploring" a 2016 run to become President of the United States and at the end of the year resigned several corporate boards.
Bush announced his candidacy on June 15, 2015. Bush was high on Republican polls for president in June, but slipped as he lost to Donald Trump, Ted Cruz and to Marco Rubio. After losing the Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina caucuses, Bush suspended his campaign on February 20, 2016.
Personal life
Bush married Columba Bush in 1974. They have three children: George, Noelle, and John.
In 1995, Bush converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism. In 2004, he became a Fourth Degree Knight of Columbus. Bush, a member of Father Hugon Council 3521 in Tallahassee, has joined Father Hugon Assembly.
References
More reading
Barnes, Fred. "Governor in Chief: Jeb Bush's remarkable eight years of achievement in Florida." The Weekly Standard, June 12, 2006.
Freedberg, Sydney P. "Jeb Bush: The Son Rises Away from Dad's Shadow." The Miami Herald, August 15, 1994.
Huffington, Arianna. "The latest Bush hypocrisy" . Salon.com, September 16, 2002.
Viglucci, Andres and Alfonso Chardy. "Bush and business: Fast success, brushes with mystery". The Miami Herald, October 5, 2002.
Yardley, William. "Jeb Bush: His early values shape his politics." The Miami Herald, September 22, 2002.
Other websites
Jeb! 2016 – official website
Official Governor's portrait and biography at the Museum of Florida History
Jeb Bush at Biography.com
Jeb Bush, On the Issues
Jeb Bush's file at PolitiFact.com
Jeb Bush collected news and commentary at the Tampa Bay Times
2016 United States presidential candidates
1953 births
Living people
People from Midland, Texas
Businesspeople from Texas
Governors of Florida
Bush family
George H. W. Bush
Children of Presidents of the United States
US Republican Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians |
12442 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland | Auckland | Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand. About 2 million people live in the Auckland region. For a short time in New Zealand's history it was the capital city. Now Wellington is the capital city.
Auckland is in the north of the North Island. It is on two harbours: the Manukau and Waitemata harbours. It is known as the "City of Sails" because there are many sailing boats in the city. The Hauraki Gulf has many different islands and provides safe anchorage and good sailing that is recognised around the world. It has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Auckland is built on a series of dormant volcanos. The youngest and largest of these is called Rangitoto. Rangitoto is an island just a few kilometres from the city centre. It has many pohutukawas, native trees also known as the New Zealand Christmas tree because of their brilliant red flowers which bloom in December.
In 2010, Len Brown became the 1st Mayor of Auckland. In 2016, he was replaced by Phil Goff.
Climate
According to the NIWA, Auckland has a subtropical climate, with warm, humid summers and mild, rainy winters. Under Köppen's climate classification, the city has an oceanic climate (Cfb). It is the warmest main centre of New Zealand and is also one of the sunniest, with an average of over 2000 sunshine hours per annum. The average daily maximum temperature is in February and in July. The absolute maximum recorded temperature is , while the absolute minimum is . High levels of rainfall occur almost year–round with an average of per year spread over 136 rain days, but is most frequent in Winter. Snowfall in Auckland is extremely rare; recorded instances include 27 July 1939 and 15 August 2011, although without any accumulation.
The early morning calm on the isthmus during settled weather, before the sea breeze rises, was described as early as 1853: "In all seasons, the beauty of the day is in the early morning. At that time, generally, a solemn stillness holds, and a perfect calm prevails...". Many Aucklanders use this time of day to walk and run in parks.
Auckland occasionally suffers from air pollution due to fine particle emissions. There are also occasional breaches of guideline levels of carbon monoxide. While maritime winds normally disperse the pollution relatively quickly it can sometimes become visible as smog, especially on calm winter days. The west of Auckland is slightly wetter and cooler than the eastern side, with the gulf islands being warmer and drier still.
References |
12446 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism | Capitalism | Capitalism is an economic system. In it the government plays a secondary role. People and companies make most of the decisions, and own most of the property. Goods are usually made by individuals who work for companies that produce the goods. The companies then sell what is made by the individuals and make a profit. The means of production are largely or entirely privately owned (by individuals not making the goods or companies) and operated for profit.
Most property, for example, is owned by people or companies, not by the government or by the workers. Capitalism has a more or less free market economy, which means that prices move up or down according to the availability of the products. People buy and sell things according to their own judgment. In most countries there is some regulation (trade laws) and some planning done by the government. They are sometimes called "mixed economies" to indicate this. Some people disagree on whether capitalism is a good idea, or how much of capitalism is a good idea.
The word comes from "capital", meaning something of value. This can be money ("financial capital") or any other goods that can be traded. The word "capital" originally comes from the Latin word "caput", meaning "head." It was used to mean how many "head" of cattle a rich person owned, in days long ago when cattle were used as money. In fact, the words "capital" and "cattle" both come from "caput".
The philosopher Adam Smith's book, The Wealth of Nations, was an important book that developed the ideas of capitalism and the free market. The word "capitalism" was not used until the 19th century. The greatest invention of capitalism is often said to be the joint stock company. A joint-stock company is a business where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion to the number of their shares.
Buying, selling, working, and hiring
In capitalism, people may sell or lend their property, and other people may buy or borrow it. If one person wants to buy, and another person wants to sell to them, they do not need to get permission from higher power. People can have a market (buying and selling with each other) without anyone else telling them to. People who own capital are sometimes called capitalists (people who support capitalism are called capitalists, too). They can hire anyone who wants to work in their factories, shops or lands for them for the pay they offer.
The word capital can be used to mean things that produce more things or money. For example, lands, factories, shops, tools and machines are capital. If someone has money that can be invested, that money is capital too.
In capitalist systems, many people are workers (or proletarians). They are employed to earn money for living. People can choose to work for anyone who will hire them in a free market.
This is different from many older economic systems. In feudalism, most people were serfs and had to work for the people who owned the land they lived on. In mercantilism, the government makes it hard to buy things from other countries. In many countries with mixed economies (part capitalism and part socialism) there are laws about what you can buy or sell, or what prices you can charge, or whom you can hire or fire.
Investing
An investment is when people invest (give) their money in things. People can put their money together to buy or build things, even if they are too big for one person to make alone. The people who invest get to be the owners of what they buy or build together. The stock market lets people buy and sell investments.
Investing is important to capitalism. The word "capitalist" can mean two things: it can mean someone who likes capitalism; but it can also mean someone who invests. For example, a venture capitalist invests in new businesses.
People who start businesses, or invest in businesses, can make a lot of money. A business sells things that people want. The investors make extra money, which is called profit. Investors can take their profit and invest it in more businesses, or in making the business bigger. The investors can get more and more profit if the businesses are successful.
People who disagree
Socialists and communists are people who do not support capitalism. They say it hurts workers, because businesses make more money by selling things than they pay the workers who make the things. Business owners become rich while workers remain poor and exploited (taken advantage of). They also argue society would be more efficient if people thought less about competing against one another for their own interests and thought more of working together for the overall good of society. Another argument is that each person has a right to basic needs (such as food and shelter). Within capitalism, sometimes people might not get everything they need to live. Capitalism is also said to be the main culprit of economic inequality.
Karl Marx was a famous communist philosopher from Germany. He wrote a famous book called The Capital (or Das Kapital in German). He said that capitalism would go away after workers decided to take over the government in a revolution because of the exploitation. There were violent communist revolutions in many countries. Many people were killed because of this. But capitalism did not go away, and most of these communist systems have collapsed and do not exist today, or else they have become more capitalist. Some people think that communism in those countries did not work because Marx's ideas, though nice in thought, did not really work. Others think that communist countries collapsed because of the attacks (military, political and economic) from capitalist countries.
Anarchists (that are not anarcho-capitalists) do not support capitalism either. They do not think there should be any bosses because it is a hierarchy. They think that Marxist–Leninist governments were unsuccessful because they were dictatorships that said that they would rule in the name of workers, but ruled in the name of their leaders. They think that these governments were state capitalist and not socialist.
People who agree
There are different words for people who support capitalism. In many parts of the world, these people are called either conservatives or liberals. In the United States, the word liberal means someone who supports capitalism but wants some rules on what the market can do and cannot do. Libertarian is a word that in America and some other countries means someone who wants the government to have little or no power to tell people what to buy or sell.
The reasons for capitalism are not just economic. They are political. People who like capitalism believe that capitalism provides liberty by the citizen by allowing them to be independent. Friedrich Hayek agreed with this and connected the open society with respect for the individual, and tolerance for the differences between people.
Another argument for the endorsement of capitalism is that it is arguably better than other economic models, like communism, for example. While most communist nations (such as the Soviet Union and Democratic Kampuchea) collapsed deep in poverty, hunger, dictatorships and/or genocides, capitalist countries (such as the United States and the UK) prospered economically.
People who support capitalism also have disagreements. Most people agree that capitalism works better if the government keeps people from stealing other people's things. If people could steal anything, then nobody would want to buy anything. However, if people shared everything, then no one would need to buy anything.
In most countries, the government does more than that. It tries to make sure that people buy and sell fairly and that employment is fair. But most of the time, the government making sure that employment is fair is also on the benefitting side of capitalism. The government takes money in taxes and spends it according to what the governing body wants, often not what the citizens who elected the governing body want their taxes to be spent on. People in power spend money on guns and ships for the military. When the government is in charge of part of the economy, this is called a "social democracy." However, when the government spends money it causes arguments about what the money should be spent on, because often times we don't vote on policies, we vote on people we depend on making the policies.
A few people think that people can protect themselves without any government. Instead of having laws against stealing, people could protect their own things, or agree to pay other people such as arbitrators, insurers, and private defenders to protect them. This belief is called "anarcho-capitalism." These people think that the government is trying to take away their earnings, because it takes taxes away from people against their will and keeps them from making agreements between themselves.
Related pages
Anti-capitalism
Socialism
Communism
Monopoly
Plutocracy
References
Economic systems
Capitalism |
12447 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana | Ghana | Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) is a country in West Africa. Thirty-one million people live there; its capital is Accra. It is in Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Côte d'Ivoire and Togo.
Since Ghana is near the Equator, the climate is very warm and tropical. The eastern coastal belt is warm and comparatively dry. South west corner is hot and humid. The north is hot and dry. Lake Volta (the world’s largest artificial lake) extends through eastern Ghana.
Most Ghanaians have access to primary and secondary education. Ghana has a 6-year primary school system. There are 6 public universities and 10 private universities.
Ghana has many natural resources. The main exports are gold, timber, cocoa, diamonds, and more. Ghana has one of the strongest economies in Africa.
Ghana used “Cedi” for their currency but in July 2007, “Ghanaian Cedi” became the new currency. 1 Ghana Cedi is equal to 1000 Cedi. 1 US dollar is currently exchanged at about 6 Ghana Cedi.
Geography
Ghana is a country located on the Gulf of Guinea. It is only a few degrees north of the Equator. This gives it a warm climate. The country has an area of . It is surrounded by Togo to the east, Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south.
The country has flat plains, low hills and a few rivers. Ghana can be divided into five different geographical regions. The coastline is mostly a low, sandy shore backed by plains and scrub. It is crossed by several rivers and streams. The northern part of the country has high plains. Southwest and south central Ghana is made up of a forested plateau region with the Ashanti uplands and the Kwahu Plateau. The hilly Akuapim-Togo ranges are found along the country's eastern border.
The Volta Basin also takes up most of central Ghana. Ghana's highest point is Mount Afadjato. It is and is found in the Akwapim-Togo Ranges.
There are two main seasons in Ghana: the wet and the dry seasons. Northern Ghana has its rainy season from March to November. The south, including the capital Accra, has the season from April to mid-November.
Regions and districts
Ghana is divided into 16 administrative regions, sub-divided into 275 districts:
History
In 1482, Portuguese colonists from the expedition of Diogu de Azambuja were first on the coast who built Elmina Castle, then Aksim Fortresses, Shama and others. The Portuguese exported gold (the country was then called the Golden Beach) and slaves. By the middle of the 19th century, the United Kingdom pushed out from the other European competitors from the Golden coast.
Sports
Football is the most popular sport. The national men's football team is known as the Black Stars. The under-20 team is known as the Black Satellites. Ghana has been in many championships including the African Cup of Nations, the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA U-20 World Cup. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter final stage. There are several club football teams in Ghana, which play in the Ghana Premier League and Division One League. Both are managed by the Ghana Football Association.
The country also has quite a few quality boxers such as Azumah Nelson a three time world champion, Nana Yaw Konadu also a three time world champion, Ike Quartey, and Joshua Clottey.
There are also notable games like Oware,Dame and the others which traces back to their Ancestry background.
Notable people
Kofi Annan - Former Secretary-General of the United Nations
Related pages
Ghana at the Olympics
Ghana national football team
List of rivers of Ghana
References
Other websites
Official Government Site
Ghana in the news
BBC's Profile on Ghana
GhanaWeb portal
ProGhana, One Community, One Business
1957 establishments in Africa
Former British colonies |
12448 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry%20Shortcake | Strawberry Shortcake | Strawberry Shortcake is a doll. The doll has red hair and smells like strawberries. Kenner products created the first Strawberry Shortcake doll in 1979. At that time she resembled a typical rag doll, complete with freckles, a mop of red yarn hair, and a strawberry printed bonnet but the unique selling point was that, she smelt of strawberries. The Strawberry Shortcake line of characters each had their own fruit or dessert-themed name with clothing to match, and they each had a dessert or fruit-named pet. Like the Strawberry Shortcake doll, all the other characters’ dolls had hair scented to match their dessert theme.
There was Apple Dumpling, the baby and Raspberry Tart who, in the television programs, was capable of the odd cutting remark. This is what Apple Dumpling looked like back in the 1980s.
She first appeared on cards by American Greetings, and there soon were a series of dolls (each that smell like a different fruit and had a pet) and several TV specials produced by DIC and Nelvana. The characters in the collection from the 1980s were:
Strawberry Shortcake (with Custard the cat)
Huckleberry Pie (with Pupcake the dog)
Apple Dumplin' (with Teatime Turtle)
Blueberry Muffin (with Cheesecake mouse)
Raspberry Tart (with Rhubarb monkey)
Orange Blossom (with Marmalade the butterfly)
Lemon Meringue (with Frappe the frog)
Apricot (with Hopsalot the bunny)
Lime Chiffon (with Parfait Parrot)
Cherry Cuddler (with Gooseberry the goose)
Butter Cookie (with Jelly Bear)
Angel Cake (with Souffle' the skunk)
Mint Tulip (International friend from the Netherlands, with Marsh Mallard, the duck)
Crepe Suzette (International friend from France, with Eclair the poodle)
Cafe Ole (International friend from Mexico, with Burrito the burro)
Almond Tea (International friend China, with Marza Panda)
Lem 'n Ada (Twin International friends from the United Kingdom, with Sugar Woofer the dog)
Plum Puddin' (with Elderberry Owl)
Peach Blush (with Melonie Belle the lamb)
The Peculiar Purple Pieman of Porcupine Peak (with Captain Cackle the berry bird) villain
Sour Grapes (with snake Dregs) villain
2000s revival
In 2002, after other 1980s toys (Care Bears, G.I. Joe,etc.) were brought back for youndger kids and parents who played with them and new line of dolls was released and along with several direct-to-DVD specials.
The new dolls are:
Strawberry Shortcake - with pets Custard and Pupcake
Apple Dumplin'- with pet Apple Ducklin'
Ginger Snap - with pet Chocolate Chipmunk
Angel Cake - with pet Vanilla Icing the lamb
Orange Blossom - with pet Marmaladebutterfly
Huckleberry Pie - with pet Shoofly frog
Blueberry Muffin - with pet Cheesecake mouse
Rainbow Sherbet - with pet Triple Ripple Toucan
Seaberry Delight - with pet Kiwi Sea Turtle
Coco Calypso - with pet Papaya Parrot
References
Dolls |
12450 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina%20Aguilera | Christina Aguilera | Christina María Aguilera (born December 18, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. Aguilera made her debut in Star Search in 1990. Three years later, she starred on The New Mickey Mouse Club. She was signed to RCA Records after making the song "Reflection" for the movie Mulan. Aguilera received a Best New Artist Grammy Award for her first album Christina Aguilera (1999). She made a Latin pop album, Mi Reflejo, and a Christmas album, My Kind of Christmas. Mi Reflejo won a Latin Grammy Award. Aguilera received Grammy Awards for her second album Stripped (2002), and her third album Back to Basics (2006). In 2008, she released her first greatest hits album, Keeps Gettin' Better – A Decade of Hits, a new song, "Dynamite", and new versions of her hits "Genie in a Bottle" and "Beautiful", called "Genie 2.0" and "You Are What You Are (Beautiful)". In 2011, Aguilera became a coach on The Voice.
Early life
Christina María Aguilera was born in Staten Island, New York, on December 18, 1980. Her parents Fausto Xavier Aguilera, was a soldier in the United States Army and Shelly Loraine (née Fidler), was a violinist and pianist, respectively. Her father has Ecuadorian ancestry. Her American mother has German, English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and French ancestry. Throughout her father's service in the Army, her family moved to various locations, including New Jersey, Texas, New York, and Japan. Her parents divorced when Aguilera was six years old. She, her mother, and her younger sister Rachel then lived at her grandmother's home in Rochester, Pennsylvania, a town outside Pittsburgh. Her mother later remarried.
Singing career
In October 2011 Aguilera performed "Smile" and "Dirty Diana" at Michael Jackson Forever.
2012–present
Aguilera released her seventh album Lotus on November 9, 2012. Two singles were released from the album. The first single, "Your Body", reached the top ten in Canada and the top 40 in the US. Aguilera made a Spanish song for the 2012 movie Casa de Mi Padre. Aguilera also sung a song on the sound track of the 2013 movie The Hunger Games: Catching Fire called "We Remain". She sang on the single version of A Great Big World's single "Say Something", which reached number one in Canada and Australia and the top five in other countries.
On June 15, 2018, Aguilera released her eighth studio album, Liberation.
Aguilera is a soprano. She has a whistle register.
Acting career
In 2010 Aguilera acted in a film for the first time. It was a musical called Burlesque. She played a woman called Ali. She sang eight of the songs in the soundtrack.
Discography
Albums
Studio albums
Christina Aguilera (1999)
Mi Reflejo (2000)
My Kind of Christmas (2000)
Stripped (2002)
Back to Basics (2006)
Bionic (2010)
Lotus (2012)
Liberation (2018)
Soundtracks
Burlesque (2011)
Compilations
Keeps Gettin' Better – A Decade of Hits (2008)
Demo albums
Just Be Free (2001)
References
Other websites
Official US website
1980 births
Living people
Actors from Staten Island
American child singers
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American R&B musicians
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Latin singers
Mouseketeers
Musicians from Staten Island
Singers from New York City
Latin Grammy Award winners
American contemporary R&B singers |
12456 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken | Chicken | Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a term which refers to the male of a number of poultry. It is raised in many places for its meat and eggs. They are usually kept by humans as livestock. Some breeds of chickens can fly for a short distance. Some sleep in trees (if there are trees around).
A male chicken is called a rooster or a cock(erel). A female chicken is called a hen; a young chicken is called a chick. Like other female birds, hens lay eggs. The eggs hatch into chicks.
When raising chickens, a farmer needs a chicken coop (like a little house) for the chickens to roost (sleep) in. They also need a run or yard where they can exercise, take dust baths, eat and drink. The chickens also need to be protected from predators such as foxes. Fences are often used for this.
Chickens can also be farmed intensively. This lets farms make a lot of chicken meat and eggs.
a rooster does not have a penis.
Chicken and chickenpox
Chickenpox has nothing to do with chickens. When chickenpox was first described, people thought that the pox spots looked like chickpeas placed upon the skin. The Latin word for chick peas is cicer. That is the original word that chickenpox got its name from.
Eggs
Chickens are well known for their eggs. Many people eat them for their breakfast. The eggs can be prepared in many different ways.
Meat
Because of the low cost, chicken meat (also called "chicken") is one of the most used kinds of meat in the world. Americans eat 8 billion chickens every year. Some popular dishes with chicken are: Buffalo wings, butter chicken, chicken rice, chicken balls, chicken pot pie, chicken soup, fried chicken (see picture), roasted chicken and tandoori chicken.
Cuts
There are different cuts of chicken. Chicken meat can also be bought whole. The leanest part is known as the breast. Sliced pieces of the breast are known as the tender(loin). There is also wings, thighs, and legs (also known as drumsticks).
Gaming
In some parts of the world people breed chickens to fight. They bet money on which of two birds will win. In many places this is illegal.
References
Other websites
Phasianidae
Domesticated animals |
12460 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy%20disk | Floppy disk | The floppy disk (or a 3 1/2 floppy for today's standard) is a removable magnetic storage medium. Floppy disks are used for moving information between computers, laptops or other devices. Some early digital cameras, electronic music instruments and older computer game consoles use floppy disks. Floppy disks are inserted in to a floppy disk drive or simply floppy drive to allow data to be read or stored.
Floppy disks store much less data than a CD-ROM disk or USB flash drive. A normal 3½ inch disk can store 1.44 megabytes of data. This is usually enough for simple text documents.
A special type of floppy disk was made in the late 1980s. It could store 2.88 MB of data. They did not become popular. Larger size floppy disks became available in the 1990s. The two most popular were the Zip drive and the Jaz drive, both made by Iomega.
Floppy disk technology has been around since the early 1970s (the 8-inch floppy was the first). Today, floppy disks have been replaced by other storage media, like USB flash drives. Floppy disks and drives are no longer manufactured, but are still widely-available as new old stock.
The floppy drive
A floppy drive (often called drives “A” and “B” on a computer running DOS or Windows) can be connected to or installed in a personal computer (PC). It is the part of a computer that reads and writes the disk that can be removed. A disk, often called a floppy disk, is used to store files and carry them from one computer to another by using the floppy drive. The floppy drive reads the disk (or diskette) and the user is then able to open and change the files saved on the disk.
Capacities
Storage devices |
12461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat%20King%20Cole | Nat King Cole | Nathaniel Adams Coles, professionally known as Nat King Cole, (March 17, 1919 - February 15, 1965) was an American jazz musician, singer and songwriter. He was born in the southern city of Montgomery, Alabama. His father was a Christian minister. Millions of Nat King Cole’s recordings were sold while he was alive. He died of cancer of the lung in February, 1965. He was only forty-five years old. People around the world still enjoy listening to the music of one of America’s greatest performers of popular and jazz music.
Early years
When Cole was four years old, his parents moved the family to North Chicago, Illinois. His younger brother was Freddy Cole. He learned to play the piano when he was very young. His mother was the only piano teacher he ever had. He gave his first public performance when he was four. By the time he was twelve, Cole was playing piano at his father’s church. His father was pastor of the First Baptist church in North Chicago, Illinois for 29 years.
His interest in jazz
Cole played piano in New York City and Los Angeles, California when he was a young man. In 1937, he formed a group that played jazz music. Oscar Moore played the guitar and Wesley Prince played the bass. The trio reportedly did not need a drummer because Cole’s piano playing kept the beat so well. They named the group, The King Cole Trio. At the same time, Cole also changed his name into Nat King Cole. The trio soon became very popular. Nat sang some songs, but mostly played the piano.
Well-known popular singer
By the middle 1940s, Nat King Cole was beginning to be known as a popular singer as well as a jazz piano player. He was one of the first musicians to record with new Capitol Records.
The first song he recorded for Capitol was “Straighten Up and Fly Right.” He wrote the song. The words were based on his father’s teachings. The song became one of the biggest hits of 1943. It sold more than 500,000 copies.
Nat recorded hundreds of songs. Some of the most popular include “Sweet Lorraine,” “Nature Boy,” “Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer,” “When I Fall in Love,” and “Mona Lisa.” In 1950, the American film industry gave him an award for his recording of “Mona Lisa.” That song made him famous as a singer.
Nat King Cole also acted in movies. The best known one is Saint Louis Blues. He played the part of the jazz composer W.C. Handy. He also appeared in a movie about himself called The Nat King Cole Story.
In the 1950s, he sang with some of the best known orchestras of the time.
He received many awards during his life. He also received many more after his death. One was a 1990 Grammy Award for lifetime achievement.
His success as a black man
By 1956, Nat King Cole was known internationally. He signed an agreement to perform at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Cole often performed in places that only admitted white people. Black leaders did not like this about him. Cole said he tried to take legal action against those places but often failed.
Cole earned more money and moved to California. He bought a house in an area where white people lived. At that time, many white Americans did not want to live near blacks. White home owners nearby protested the purchase of a house by a black family. Cole and his family refused to leave and lived in the house without problems.
Cole was the first black man to have his own television program. His program began on NBC Television in 1956. NBC agreed to support The Nat King Cole Show for a while. It hoped American companies would pay to sell their products on the program. However, major companies were not willing to advertise on a program that had a black performer. They believed that white people in the southern part of the United States would not buy their products. Many Americans watched the show, but NBC stopped production after a year.
His family
Nat King Cole was married two times. In 1936, he married a dancer, Nadine Robinson. Their marriage failed. In 1948, he married Maria Ellington. They had three children. They also adopted and raised two other children.
Nat’s daughter, Natalie followed her father as a singer. She recorded many songs after her father died. In 1991, Natalie Cole recorded an album called Unforgettable. It contains 22 of Nat King Cole’s songs, including the song “Unforgettable.” Modern technology made it possible to mix her voice with a recording of her father singing the same song.
References
Voice of America script.
Hear Nat King Cole on the Pop Chronicles.
African American musicians
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American pop musicians
Singers from Chicago
Musicians from Chicago
Deaths from lung cancer
American jazz singers
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Alabama
Musicians from Alabama
1919 births
1965 deaths
People from Montgomery, Alabama |
12463 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20of%20America | Voice of America | The Voice of America (VOA) is the official broadcasting service of the United States government. It is one of the best-known stations in international broadcasting. Along with English, VOA broadcasts in many other languages. VOA's broadcasts are made to share a positive view of the United States with the world. Americans in the United States are not part of VOA's intended audience, but many Americans do listen to the program.
History
VOA was organized in 1942 under the Office of War Information with news programs aimed at Europe and North Africa occupied by Germany. VOA began broadcasting on February 24, 1942, but VOA noted in its site that it began broadcasting on February 1, 1942. Transmitters used by VOA came from shortwave transmitters used by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Voice of America began to transmit radio broadcasts into the Soviet Union on February 17, 1947.
During the Cold War, VOA's budget was reduced. On August 1, 1953, VOA was separated from the Department of State and it was included under the Information Agency. VOA moved its headquarters from New York to Washington, DC. next year. In 1959 VOA started "Special English" programs. In the 1980s, VOA also added a television service, as well as special regional programs to Cuba, Radio Marti and TV Marti.
One of VOA's famous programs was remembered as "Jazz Hour" presented by Willis Conover.This program continued for 40 years, and its record remains at the National Museum of American History, also known as ""Smithsonian".
Languages
The Voice of America broadcasts in 46 different languages. Television broadcasts are marked with a star:
Related pages
Special English
Notes
Other websites
Voice of America website
Communication
Radio
1942 establishments in the United sisterStates |
12465 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Gershwin | George Gershwin | George Gershwin (September 26, 1898; Brooklyn, New York – July 11, 1937; Hollywood, California) was an American composer and a pianist.
Story of his life
Childhood
George Gershwin was born on September 26, 1898, in Brooklyn, New York.
His family immigrated to the United States. Gershwin, his two brothers and sister had a close, happy family life. George liked playing games on the streets of New York. He liked exploring the city, but he did not like school or studying.
While exploring the city, Gershwin heard jazz and blues music spilling out of public drinking places. However, he did not become seriously interested in music until he heard another boy playing the violin in a concert at his school. Gershwin began to take piano lessons. His teacher was a fine classical musician. He immediately recognized Gershwin's unusual ability. The teacher wrote about him to a friend: "I have a student who will make his mark in music, if anybody will. The boy is a genius, without doubt."
Younger days as a student
Gershwin studied classical piano, and he was a first-rate pianist,but his strongest interest continued to be jazz and popular music. He loved playing piano and it was his passion. At the age of fifteen, he left school and went to work in the music business. The New York City street where most music publishers had their offices was called "Tin Pan Alley."
The phonograph and radio had been invented in the late 1800s. But it would be many years before there were musical recordings or regular radio broadcasts. Tin Pan Alley publishers needed another way to sell new songs, so they employed people to play the piano to do this.
The piano players played the songs all day long to interested singers and other performers. Gershwin was one of the youngest piano players in Tin Pan Alley. Soon, he was considered one of the finest there. He was already writing his own songs. He succeeded in getting one published when he was only 18 years old. It had a long title: "When You Want 'Em, You Can't Get ‘Em, When You've Got 'Em, You Don't Want 'Em. "
Success as a songwriter
Gershwin was now a real composer. The rest of his life was an unbroken record of success. He wrote song after song. His ideas were so endless that he was not even troubled when he once lost some music he had been writing. "There is plenty more where that came from," he said.
Gershwin had his first big hit in 1919, when he was twenty-one years old. It was a song called "Swanee." A popular entertainer, Al Jolson, sang the song. "Swanee" was made into one of the first musical recordings. Gershwin was suddenly famous. He also was in the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Music critics note that "Swanee" is not like most of Gershwin's music. Later, he wrote true love songs. Some were light and funny. Some were full of intense feeling. Many of these songs were written for the popular musical theater. One of his most emotional love songs never became part of a musical play, however. It is called "The Man I love." The song was sung by the Francine Evans role [played by Liza Minnelli in Martin Scorsese's film, New York, New York] and supposedly 'written' by her character for her soon to be husband, Jimmy Doyle [superbly played by Robert De Niro], of the Jimmy Doyle Orchestra. His character also 'wrote' the title song, New York, New York, who was actually written by Fred Ebb, music by Kanter, his partner. The song became New York's official anthem in 1985.
His brother Ira
Gershwin's older brother, Ira, wrote the words to "The Man I Love". As George became famous, Ira wrote the words to more and more of his songs.
The two brothers were very different. Ira, the writer, was quiet and serious. George, the musician, was outgoing—the life of any party. When they had to finish a new musical Ira locked George in a hotel room until it was done. But George wrote better songs with Ira than with anyone else.
Music of Gershwin
As a songwriter
One of many examples of the Gershwin's combined work is the song "They Can't Take That Away From Me." The Gershwins wrote the song for dancer and actor Fred Astaire for the film "Shall We Dance." That was George and Ira Gershwin's first movie musical.
Many of George Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theaters in New York City. These comedies, with plenty of songs, were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.
One of Gershwin's musical plays, "Girl Crazy," introduced a young singer named Ethel Merman. She became one of the most celebrated performers in America. In the play, Merman sang a song George Gershwin wrote just for her. It was called "I Got Rhythm".
Many songs that George Gershwin wrote for musical plays and movies have remained as popular as ever. Over the years, they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.
One example is the song, "Someone to Watch Over Me." It was written for the 1926 musical "Oh, Kay!"
Jazz and his music
In the nineteen twenties, there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music?
In 1924, jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized how little time he had to do it. The concert was just a few weeks away. Gershwin got busy, and, in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra. He called it "Rhapsody in Blue."
Gershwin himself played the piano part of "Rhapsody in Blue" at the concert. The audience included some of the greatest classical musicians of the time. When they heard his music, they were electrified. It seemed to capture, for the first time, the true voice of modern American culture. Today, we can still hear Gershwin playing "Rhapsody in Blue." An old mechanical piano recording Gershwin created has been reproduced exactly. There are also very early versions of "Rhapsody in Blue" which feature Gershwin playing the piano with Whiteman's orchestra. Those recordings, because they are early, do not sound like modern recordings. But they are recordings of Gershwin at the piano. This makes those recordings important.
"Rhapsody in Blue" made George Gershwin famous all over the world. Several hundred thousand copies of the printed music sold immediately. Gershwin was satisfied that he had shown that jazz music could be both serious and popular.
Musical works and opera
Gershwin also wrote an opera, "Porgy and Bess. " It was based on a book by DuBose Heyward. It is a tragic love story about black Americans along the coast of South Carolina.
"Porgy And Bess" opened in Boston, Massachusetts in 1935. Audiences loved it. But most critics did not know what to think of it. It was not like any other opera or musical play they had ever seen.
Gershwin did not care about the critics' opinions. He believed some of his greatest music had gone into the opera. He said he had created a new musical form—an opera based on popular culture. Today "Porgy And Bess" is considered a masterpiece.
Another well-known Gershwin piece is "An American in Paris. " It is a long tone poem for orchestra. Its first public performance was by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1928.
Once again, opinion was mixed. Most people loved "An American in Paris," as they loved all of Gershwin's music. Some critics liked it, too. They called it happy and full of life. Others hated it. They called it silly and long-winded.
Last days
George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He died while having surgery to remove the brain tumor. He was only thirty-eight years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. Everyone mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have written. Gershwin is still considered one of America's greatest composers. His works still are performed by many singers and groups. They are probably performed more often than any other serious American composer.
Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg was one of the people who praised George Gershwin. Schoenberg said Gershwin was a man who lived in music and expressed everything through music, because music was his native language.
References
The most part of the above article originally came from Voice of Ameria's program, which was broadcast in the past.
Other websites
Gershwin Collection from the Library of Congress
American songwriters
American pianists
American Jews
20th-century American composers
Deaths from brain cancer
1898 births
1937 deaths |
12468 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%20Copland | Aaron Copland | Aaron Copland (, ; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer who wrote modern music.
Aaron Copland wrote many kinds of music. He wrote music for the orchestra, piano, and voice. He wrote music for plays, movies, and dance. Copland also was a conductor, pianist, speaker, teacher, and writer.
Music critics say Copland taught Americans about themselves through his music. He used parts of many old American folksongs in his work. He wanted to do this after studying music in France. He said that composers there had a very French way of writing music. He said Americans had nothing like that in this country. So he decided to compose music that was truly American.
Early days of Copland
Aaron Copland was born November 14, 1900 in Brooklyn, New York. He died at the age of 90 on December 2, 1990. He was the youngest of five children. His parents had come to the United States from eastern Europe. They owned a store in Brooklyn. Aaron began playing the piano when he was a young child. He wrote his first song for his mother when he was eight years old. His dreams of becoming a composer began when he was young. When he was sixteen, he asked his parents to let him study composing with Rubin Goldmark. Goldmark had taught the composer George Gershwin.
When he was in his early twenties, Copland went to Paris, France, where he studied music with Nadia Boulanger. She was one of the most important music teachers of the time. He returned to New York in 1924.
Known classical works
The famous conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Serge Koussevitzky, learned about Copland's music. Koussevitzky led the orchestra for the first performance of Copland's early work, "Music for the Theater", in 1925. Koussevitzky also conducted Copland's "Concerto for Piano and Orchestra" in 1927. This work was unusual because Copland used ideas from jazz music in his concerto.
Copland later wrote the music for two ballets about the American West. One was about the life of a famous gunfighter called Billy the Kid. Copland used music from American cowboy songs in this work. This piece from "Billy the Kid: Ballet Suite" is called "Street in a Frontier Town".
In 1942, the conductor Andre Kostelanitz asked Copland to write music about a great American, Abraham Lincoln. Copland wrote "Lincoln Portrait" to honor America's 16th president. Copland's music included parts of American folk songs and songs popular during the American Civil War. He added words from President Lincoln's speeches and letters.
"Lincoln Portrait" has been performed many times in America. Many famous people have done the speaking part.Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was one of them. Here, actor James Earl Jones performs in Copland's "Lincoln Portrait."
In 1942 the music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra asked 18 composers to write music expressing love for America. For the competition, Copland composed "Fanfare for the Common Man. " This music is played in America during many national events, including some presidential inaugurations (when they become presidents).
Experts say "Fanfare for the Common Man" was an example of the way Copland changed the kind of music he wrote during the 1940s. He began writing music that was more easily understood and more popular. Copland wrote about this in 1941 in his book, Our New Music.
He wrote that the radio and record player was helping people who had never listened to music before to enjoy music. He said that there was no reason to continue writing music as if these things had not been invented. So he decided to write music in a simpler way.
His interest and activities beyond music
Copland spread his ideas about music in other ways. He taught at the New School for Social Research in New York City and at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. One of the many awards he received was the Pulitzer Prize. He won it in 1945 for his famous music for a ballet called "Appalachian Spring." It is one of his most popular works. The last part of the ballet is based on a traditional song, "A Gift to be Simple".
Copland also wrote music for several major movies. He won an Academy Award in 1950 for composing the music for the movie The Heiress. Then he began experimenting with what is called the twelve-tone system. His music was no longer as easy to understand, nor as popular.
Copland stopped composing at the end of the 1960s. Yet he continued to be active as a conductor and speaker. In 1982, Queens College of the City University of New York established the Aaron Copland School of Music.
Copland was a strong supporter of liberal ideas. In the early 1950s, he and other famous writers, actors and intellectuals were accused of supporting communism. Public opinion changed, though. In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson presented him with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. It is America's highest award to civilians. Aaron Copland died in 1990 at the age of 90. But his music lives on.
The article above is a reuse and modification from a script available as public domain under Terms of Use & Privacy Notice of Voice of America.
Sources
Other websites
Aaron Copland Collection at the Library of Congress website
1900 births
1990 deaths
Kennedy Center honorees
20th-century American composers
Grammy Award winners
Pulitzer Prize winners |
12484 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/464%20BC | 464 BC |
Events
Earthquake in Sparta. |
12485 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong | Diphthong | A diphthong (pronounced "DIF-thong" or "DIP-thong") is a vowel where the speaker has to move their mouth into two different positions to make. It is a vowel where two different vowel qualities can be heard. Examples are:
waist, die, noise, road, house, fierce, bear, sure. Each of these is a different vowel sound.
A monophthong is a simple vowel sound that a person does not have to move his or her mouth to make, like the "oo" sound in "book." In a diphthong, the person combines two different monophthongs, as with the "oi" sound in the word "oil". The speaker starts with the mouth in the position to make an "o" sound, then quickly moves the mouth to make a hard "e" sound. Another example is the "ou" sound in the word "house". The mouth starts out making a sound like the soft "a" sound in "flat", then moves to make the a hard "oo" sound like the one in "caboose".
Just like with every other part of language, the exact way to pronounce a diphthong is a little different for different accents.
The word diphthong is derived from the old Greek language. Here, di means two or double, while the part -phthong means sound or tone, from the basic word phthalein, which means speak, creating sound by the voice.
A diphthong can be a lexeme of a language and as such it may be one syllable, but rarely.
References
Language |
12489 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Price%20is%20Right | The Price is Right | The Price is Right is a USA game show on CBS. The current version started in 1972, and was hosted by Bob Barker for a long time. However, in 2006, Bob Barker announced that he would leave the show. His last episode aired in June 2007. Comedian Drew Carey is now the host; his first episode aired in October 2007.
In this game, a person uses his shopping skills to correctly guess the price of different products, like in a market. Some products are simple household items, like toothpaste and vitamins. Other items are more expensive products, like furniture and cars. After the third and sixth games, the "Showcase Showdown" is played. The three players who got on stage in both halves of the show spin a wheel. They get two spins of the wheel. They have to be closest to $1.00 without going over. The person with the highest total moves on to the Showcase at the end of the show. If a player gets $1.00, they win $1,000 and get another spin. If they hit the $1.00 space on that spin, they win another $25,000. If they hit the 5¢ or 15¢ space, they win another $10,000. In the Showcase, the winners of the two Showcase Showdown games are shown prize packages. They make a bid on them, and whoever comes closest to the price of their showcase without going over wins it. If they are $250 or less from the price of their showcase, they win both showcases. If someone's bid was higher than the price of the real price, that person went over, and was disqualified from winning in that round.
From 1956 - 1963, the show aired on NBC and was hosted by Bill Cullen. From 1963 - 1965, the show aired on ABC and was also hosted by Bill Cullen.
Three nighttime syndicated versions of the show aired. The first one aired from 1972 to 1980. Until 1977, it was hosted by Dennis James. For the rest of its run, it was hosted by Bob Barker. From 1985 - 1986, another nighttime version of the show, named The Nighttime Price Is Right, was made and was hosted by Tom Kennedy. A third nighttime version, The New Price Is Right, was made from 1994 - 1995 and was hosted by Doug Davidson. Also special million dollar prime-time episodes where people could play different versions of games for $1,000,000 were made due to CBS shows being canceled.
Television game shows
CBS network shows
NBC network shows
First run syndicated television programs |
12503 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophthong | Monophthong | A monophthong (pronounced "Mono-F-thong") is simply a vowel. The word monophthong comes from the old Greek language. Mono means one or single, and the -phthong means sound or tone, from the basic word phthalein, which means to speak, create sound with the voice. The word monophthong shows that a vowel is spoken with exactly one tone and one mouth position. For example, when you say "teeth", then while you are creating the sound of the "ee", nothing changes for that sound.
A monophthong can be a lexeme of a language and as such it can as well be a syllable. There is no shorter syllable than a single monophthong.
Related pages
Diphthong
Language |
12505 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalua | Kalua | Kalua is a Hawaiian cooking method. The word "kalua" means "to cook in an underground oven" in Hawaiian. The oven is a hole in the ground called an imu. Kalua is most often used to cook pig. Kalua pig is a popular food at luaus.
Ancient Hawaiians used rocks from rivers to cook pig. They heated the rocks in the imu and the pig cooked with steam. They covered the pig with banana leaves, ti leaves, old mats and then dirt to keep the heat inside. This produced a unique taste that cannot be reproduced.
People today kalua pig in the same way that ancient Hawaiians did. Kalua pig is still served at luaus.
Other websites
Hawaiian Luau: No-Imu Kalua Pig - Emeril Legasse's recipe for kalua pig.
Culture of Hawaii
Cooking methods |
12509 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum shown on the left side of the picture below as black—because humans cannot see light of such short wavelength (or high frequency). Many animals such as some insects, some reptiles, crocodiles, salamanders, and small birds can see things that reflect this light. UV is a common abbreviation of ultraviolet, mainly used in technical contexts.
Ultraviolet is beyond the visible violet light in terms of frequency, wavelength, and energy. Its wavelengths are between about 10 nanometers (nm) to about 400 nanometers. Frequency and wavelength are closely related. The equation that shows this relationship is: ν = c/λ . Saying that something has a short wavelength is the same as saying that it has a high frequency.
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet light is a type of ionizing radiation. It can damage or kill cells. Any electromagnetic radiation (light) that has a wavelength shorter than 450 nm may cause trouble. Therefore, humans that live in places with more ultraviolet light have adapted by getting darker skins. Pigments absorb the ultraviolet radiation, so it does not get through the skin to kill or injure cells inside. Injury to the skin by ultraviolet is called "sunburn."
The violet light and ultraviolet light differ in their wavelength, frequency, and quantum energy. The differences between ultraviolet light and x-rays are also wavelength, frequency and quantum energy. In the electromagnetic spectrum, ultraviolet is beyond violet, x-rays are beyond ultraviolet, and gamma rays are beyond x-rays.
Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength from about 400 nanometers down to about 10 nanometers are commonly called ultraviolet. Their characteristic photon energy is about 3 to 124 electronvolts.
Although the air of the Earth is transparent to a broad range of ultraviolet, some ultraviolet sunlight is absorbed at a very high altitude by the ozone layer. Recent and ongoing destruction of ozone in high altitudes caused by human influence—mostly by industrial chemicals and air travel—has greatly increased the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the Earth's surface. This, in turn, has increased the risk of skin cancer to mankind, and this risk will only increase with time unless the ozone layer is better protected.
Ultraviolet wavelengths less than 200 nanometers, X-rays, and gamma rays, are collectively called ionizing radiation since the energy in any such light quantum is high enough to 'kick' an electron out of an atom. This is why these kinds of radiation are dangerous to life. Ultraviolet light is subdivided into three main bands. UV-C has the shortest wavelengths and is dangerous ionizing radiation. Nitrogen and oxygen absorb the UV-C from solar radiation. UV-B has medium wavelength and is less dangerous to living things. The Earth's ozone layer absorbs most of it. UV-A from the Sun gets through the atmosphere entirely. It has wavelength almost as long as visible light, and many animals can see it but humans cannot.
Ordinary glass does not let radiation through if its wavelength is less than 200 nanometers, so it acts as a shield against the more dangerous range of ultraviolet light, but some special sorts of glass do not shield as well, including many car windows.
One use for ultraviolet radiation is tanning. Use of tanning devices can cause skin cancer because ultraviolet goes through the skin and causes destruction to cells, causing sunburn.
Because of the destructive power of ultraviolet light, it can be used to kill germs. Sunlight is a powerful disinfectant.
People need some ultraviolet light to convert cholesterol into vitamin D.
Ultraviolet lamp
An ultraviolet lamp is one that emits mostly ultraviolet light. These germicidal lamps are often used to kill microbes (germs). They can be very powerful, so the people who work around them when they are turned on may need to wear protective glasses and keep their skin covered to avoid injury.
In the laboratory pictured, ultraviolet lights are turned on when the workers are gone, so that anything on the table surface will be killed. Besides ultraviolet light, which makes up most of the light produced by these lamps, there is also a little violet and blue light. This lets people know when the ultraviolet lamps are turned on.
Energy |
12513 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology | Ornithology | Ornithology is the study of birds. A person who studies birds is called an ornithologist.
Aspects
Several aspects of ornithology differ from other disciplines, because they are easy to see and are often attractive. Many studies of birds have been done by amateurs working in a scientific manner.
History
Konrad Gesner wrote his Vogelbuch and Icones avium omnium around 1557. Later, England developed a tradition of ornithology. Francis Willughby, John Ray, Gilbert White, John Gould (who studied the birds of Australia) and Peter Scott are good examples.
Branches of zoology |
12514 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Stewart | Rod Stewart | Sir Roderick David Stewart, (born 10 January 1945) is a British pop singer, known professionally as Rod Stewart. He was born in London to an English mother and Scottish father. When he started singing in the 1960s, he was player for Brentford F.C., a football team. He started singing in local R&B groups, in the 1970s he began a solo career which made him very famous.
==References==
1945 births
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Singers from London
Warner Bros. Records artists |
12515 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Connery | Sean Connery | Sir Thomas Sean Connery (25 August 1930 – 31 October 2020) was a Scottish actor. He was known for his charm and good looks, which have made him very famous. He was best known for playing James Bond in seven of the James Bond movies. He appeared in 94 movies. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Jimmy Malone in The Untouchables (1987).
Early life
Connery was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh. He was born as Thomas Connery, but later added Sean as his stage name which is what most people call him. His mother, Euphemia "Effie" McBain McLean, was a cleaning woman.
In 1946, at the age of 16, Connery joined the Royal Navy, during which time he got two tattoos. He trained in Portsmouth at the naval gunnery school and in an anti-aircraft crew. He was discharged from the navy three years later due to an ulcer.
Career
Connery had been in smaller theatre and television productions. He became well known when he became the first actor to play James Bond. Connery was the tallest actor to play James Bond to this day. He later went on to star on Marnie (1964), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), The Man Who Would Be King (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977), Highlander (1986), The Untouchables (1988), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), The Hunt for Red October (1990), Dragonheart (1996), The Rock (1996), and Finding Forrester (2000). Connery retired from acting in 2006.
During his career, he won one Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards (one being a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award), and three Golden Globes. He received a lifetime achievement award in the US with a Kennedy Center Honor in 1999. Connery was knighted in 2000.
Connery was offered the role of Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings series but turned down the role because he didn't understand the script. Connery also turned down the opportunity to appear as the Architect in The Matrix trilogy for similar reasons.
Personal life
Connery was married to Diane Cilento from 1962 until they divorced in 1973. They had a son, actor Jason Connery. Sean Connery married Micheline Roquebrune in 1975.
Health
In 1993, news that Connery was undergoing radiation treatment for an undisclosed throat ailment sparked media reports that the actor was suffering from throat cancer following years of heavy smoking. He was falsely declared dead by the Japanese and South African news agencies. In 2008, he chipped a bone in his shoulder after falling while playing golf. In October 2009, he told Wine Spectator magazine that he has been diagnosed with a heart condition.
Death
Connery died in his sleep at his home in Nassau, The Bahamas on 31 October 2020, aged 90. He had dementia in his later years. The cause of death was pneumonia caused by heart failure.
Movies
Dr. No (1962)
From Russia with Love (1963)
Goldfinger (1964)
Thunderball (1965)
You Only Live Twice (1967)
Diamonds are forever (1971)
Murder on the Orient Express (1974)
Never Say Never Again (1983)
The Name of the Rose (1986)
Highlander (1986)
The Untouchables (1987)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
The Hunt for Red October (1990)
First Knight (1995)
Dragonheart (1996)
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003)
References
Other websites
BBC: Sean Connery Biography (1999)
Profile @ Turner Classic Movies
Photographs and literature
1930 births
2020 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Edinburgh
Actors who played James Bond
BAFTA Award winning actors
British movie producers
Deaths from dementia
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Knights Bachelor
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors |
12521 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1666 | 1666 |
Events
September – The Great Fire of London destroys most of London. |
12522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867 | 1867 |
Births
April 6 – Wilbur Wright
April 9 – Chris Watson, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
November 7 – Marie Curie, Polish-French chemist and physicist (d. 1934)
Deaths
January 14 – Jean Auguste Ingres, French painter (b. 1780)
January 30 – Emperor Komei of Japan (b. 1831)
May 12 – Friedrich William Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (b. 1795)
June 19 – Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico (executed) (b. 1832)
August 25 – Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist (b. 1791)
August 31 – Charles Baudelaire, French writer (b. 1821)
September 10 – Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (b. 1788)
Alexander Bryan Johnson, American philosopher (b. 1786)
Events
January 1 – The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky, becoming the longest suspension bridge in the world
January 8 – African-American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia
January 11 – Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again
January 30 – Emperor Komei of Japan dies. Crown Prince Mutsuhito is expected to become the next Emperor of Japan.
January 31 – Maronite nationalist leader Karam leaves Lebanon on board of a French ship for Algeria
February 3 – Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu abdicates, and the late Emperor Komei's son, Prince Mutshuhito becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan. End of the Late Tokugawa shogunate.
February 17 – The first ship passes through the Suez Canal
March 1 – Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
March 16 – First publication of an article by Joseph Lister outlining the discovery of antiseptic surgery, in The Lancet.
March 29 – The British North America Act receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada in an event known as Confederation. This unites the Province of Canada, Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia as of July 1. Ottawa becomes the capital, and John A. Macdonald becomes the Dominion's first prime minister.
March 30 – Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million from Alexander II of Russia, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km2), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this "Seward's Folly."
April 1 – Strait Settlement of Singapore, formerly ruled from Calcutta, becomes a Crown Colony under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in London
May 29 – Austro-Hungarian agreement called Ausgleich ("the Compromise") is born through Act 12, which established the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy; on June 8 Emperor Francis Joseph was crowned King of Hungary
June 19 – Firing squad executes Emperor Maximilian of Mexico
July 1 – Canada Day, recognizing the creation of Canada by the British North America Act.
July 17 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.
July 21 – Missionary Thomas Baker killed and eaten in Viti Levu, Fiji
September 2 – Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor of Japan marries Ichijo Masako. The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko.
September 30 – The United States takes control of Midway Island.
October 21 – 'Manifest Destiny': Medicine Lodge Treaty – Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate a reservation in western Oklahoma.
October 27 – Giuseppe Garibaldi's troops march into Rome
December 2 – In a New York City theater, British writer Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States.
December 4 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange movement). |
12526 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Specials | The Specials | The Specials were an English new wave/ska band. They were originally from Coventry, England and formed in 1977. They were part of the ska revival in Britain in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
During the ska revival, bands began playing 1950s-style Jamaican ska music. The Specials often mixed other popular music styles from the 1970s and 1980s into their music, such as pop music and rock and roll.
1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Coventry
English musical groups
Musical groups established in 1977
New wave bands |
12528 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/KC%20%26%20the%20Sunshine%20Band | KC & the Sunshine Band | KC & The Sunshine Band was a disco group, that was popular in the 1970s. They formed in Miami in 1973.
Hits are "That's the Way (I Like It)", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty", "Give It Up", "Get Down Tonight", and "Please Don't Go".
Album discography
Do It Good (1974)
KC and the Sunshine Band (1975) US #4, UK #26
The Sound of Sunshine (1975) US #131
Part 3 (1976) US #13
Who Do Ya Love (1978) US #36
Do You Wanna Go Party (1979) US #50
Space Cadet (1981)
The Painter (1981)
All in a Night's Work (1982)
KC Ten (1983) US #93
Oh Yeah! (1993)
I'll Be There For You (2001)
Yummy (2007)
Other websites
Official Website (includes lyrics)
American pop music groups
R&B groups
Disco groups
Funk bands
Musical groups from Miami, Florida
Musical groups established in 1973
1973 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Florida
Musical groups disestablished in 1983
1983 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Florida
Musical groups established in 1993
1993 establishments in Florida |
12529 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta%20Flack | Roberta Flack | Roberta Flack (born February 10, 1937) is an American R&B singer. She was born in Black Mountain, North Carolina. She has released nineteen studio albums. She has had three number one singles. "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" was her first number one. It won the 1973 Grammy Record of the Year. In 1974 Flack performed "When I Grow Up" with Michael Jackson. In 1999 a star was put in the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her.
Early life
Roberta Flack was born in Black Mountain, North Carolina. She was raised in Virginia. Howard University gave her a music scholarship because she was good at playing piano. When she was fifteen she became a student there.
Career
Flack released her first album First Take in 1969. The album went to number one in the US album chart. It was her most successful album. In 1970 Flack's second album Chapter Two was released. It was less successful. In 1972 Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway was released. In 1973 Killing Me Softly was released. In 1980 Flack's second album with Donny Hathaway was released.
References
1937 births
Living people
African American musicians
American R&B singers
American singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Singers from North Carolina |
12537 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Romania | Arad, Romania | Arad (pronunciation in Romanian: ; Hungarian: Arad; Serbian: Арад, Arad) is the capital city of Arad County, in the western part of Romania, in Crişana, Ardeal. It is found on the Mureş River.
Twinnings
Sister cities
Atlit, Israel
Fushun, China
Gyula, Hungary
Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Giv'atayim, Israel
Pécs, Hungary
Partner cities
Kirklees, United Kingdom
Ditzingen, Germany
Würzburg, Germany
Trencin, Slovakia
Tatabánya, Hungary
Zrenjanin, Serbia
References
County capitals of Romania |
12539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexual | Transsexual | Transsexual people are people who change their appearance to more closely resemble that of the opposite sex. Transsexuals may be male or female. They typically take hormones and often undergo surgeries to support this process. They usually adopt a new name and may legally have their name changed.
People who go from male to female (MTF) are referred to as transsexual women. People who go from female to male (FTM) are referred to as transsexual men.
Ways to go from male to female
Transsexual women take female hormones. They may also take drugs that stop male hormones called androgens. Taking estrogen pills makes breasts grow. It does not make beards go away. It does not make voices higher. Transgender women may remove their facial hair so it does not grow back. This takes a long time and hurts. Some transsexual women with low voices have surgery to raise their voices. Other transsexual women try to make their voice sound higher and more female without surgery. Some transsexual women also get surgery on their genitals. This is called a vaginoplasty. This is done by making a vagina from the skin of their penis, which is turned inside out. Some transsexual women also have surgery to make their faces look more feminine. Some also have surgery to make their breasts larger.
Ways to go from female to male
Transsexual men take male hormones. This will make their voices lower. It will make a beard grow. It can also stop their menstruation. Some transsexual men look like any other man after hormones.
Some transsexual men have surgery. One surgery is removal of breasts (mastectomy). Some transsexual men also get surgery on their genitals. One surgery is removal of the uterus and ovaries (hysterectomy). Some may also get surgery on their outside genitals. One way takes their skin and tissue and makes it into a penis (phalloplasty). Another way takes the clitoris (which grows bigger with hormones) and puts it where the penis usually is (metoidioplasty). The place where urine comes out (urethra) can be run through the new penis. The phalloplasty looks more like a penis. A metoidioplasty has more sexual function, but it is 5 or 6 centimeters long. Some ways also make a scrotum from the labia. They may also have the vagina taken out or closed.
Detransitioning
Very rarely, some people (called detransitioners) who have changed sex decide this was a mistake and return to living as members of the sex in which they were born.
Some of the effects of surgery and hormones can be reversed but others are permanent.
Other websites
Gay and Lesbian Medical Association: Doctors who know about transsexual people.
World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH): Doctors, lawyers, and therapists who know about transsexual people.
Tom Waddell Clinic A clinic that helps transsexual people.
Hormones for transsexual people: This helps doctors learn how to give hormones to transsexual people.
Notes
Note 1: Lundstrom B, et al. “Outcome of sex reassignment surgery.” Acta Psychiat. Scandinavia. 70:289-294. 1984.
Note 2: Kuiper, M and Cohen-Kettenis, P. “Sex reassignment surgery: A study of 141 Dutch transsexuals.” Archives of Sexual Behavior. 17(5):439-457. 1988.
References
LGBT variations |
12540 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianist | Pianist | A pianist is a person who plays the piano.
A pianist can play music for piano alone or play together with other musicians in an ensemble or orchestra. Pianists also play along singers, solo musicians, and other performers in their leading performance.
Related pages
List of classical pianists
Entertainment occupations |
12541 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone%20book | Telephone book | A telephone book or phone book or telephone directory is a book that has lists of telephone numbers of people and businesses. People use phone books to look up the phone numbers of people and places when they need to call them. One example of a telephone book is Yellow Pages.
Other websites
International telephone book
Telephone numbers |
12542 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20dip%20sandwich | French dip sandwich | The French dip sandwich is a popular dish. It is a sandwich, usually on French bread, with roast beef on the inside. It comes with a special sauce called jus which is usually made with the juice and fat that came off the roast beef when they were cooking it. It was not originally from France; two restaurants in Los Angeles, California, Cole's and Philippe's, both claim to have invented it.
Related pages
Cheesesteak
Other websites
Recipe at Wikibooks
Sandwiches |
12543 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry | Coventry | Coventry is a city in England. It is the 9th biggest city in England. It is also a metropolitan borough. It is in the West Midlands county. It used to be in Warwickshire.
During the 19th century Coventry became a great manufacturing area, especially for bicycles. In the 20th century it made many motor cars. It also made aeroplanes. It was badly bombed in World War II. During the November 1940 bombing, the city's cathedral was destroyed. A new cathedral was built after the war.
The city has two universities. Coventry University is in the city centre. The University of Warwick is in the south of Coventry.
The local football team is Coventry City F.C..
Coventry will be UK City of Culture in 2021.
References |
12544 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Preston | Billy Preston | Billy Preston (September 2, 1946 - June 5, 2006) was an American R&B musician. He is best known for his piano and organ playing.
Preston began playing piano when he was three years old. He worked with many other musicians including Aretha Franklin, Sammy Davis Jr., Quincy Jones, Eric Clapton, the Jackson 5 and the Rolling Stones.
He worked on The Beatles's last album, Let It Be, in 1969, including the song "Get Back". Many people thought that Preston would join the group, but the Beatles broke up shortly afterwards. He later worked with George Harrison, who had been a Beatle.
Preston's biggest success also came from working with another musician. He did a with Syreeta Garrett on "With You I'm Born Again" in 1979. It sold over a million copies and reached Number 2 in the United Kingdom singles chart.
Preston was gay. He died of respiratory failure after being in a coma from a heart infection.
References
African American musicians
American funk musicians
American gospel musicians
American pianists
American R&B singers
American rock musicians
American soul musicians
Deaths from respiratory failure
Deaths from myocarditis
Disease-related deaths in the United States
LGBT African Americans
Gay men
LGBT musicians
Musicians from Houston, Texas
The Beatles
1946 births
2006 deaths |
12546 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop | Pop | A pop is an onomatopoeic term for a quick sharp explosion.
Pop or POP could also mean:
Computer science
Partial-order planning, an agorithm
Post Office Protocol, Internet protocol used for E-mail
Pop, an operation on a Stack
Food and drink
Corn Pops, breakfast cereal
Pop, carbonated soft drink
Pop (frozen snack), snack on a stick or in a plastic or cardboard sleeve made from fruit juice or sugared water
Blow Pops, Tootsie Roll brand
Caramel Apple Pops, Tootsie Roll brand
Jiffy Pop, popcorn product
Pop Secret, well-known brand of popcorn
Tootsie Pop, hard candy lollipop with a Tootsie Roll filling at its center
Pop Tarts, a flat rectangular toaster pastry
Entertainment
Prince of Persia, video game series
The Planes of Power, expansion pack to the MMORPG EverQuest
Music
Iggy Pop, American punk rock singer and actor
Pop (album), 1997 album by U2
Pop music, type of popular music
Acronym
A Point of Presence, where two communication interfaces meet.
The Post Office Protocol, a computer protocol to get electronic mail
Persistent organic pollutant, a kind of chemical substance
Progresterone only pill, a contraceptive for women
One of two operations that can be done on a stacĸ; pop removes the top element. The other one is called push, and puts on an element.
Other
Pop (television channel), children's television channel in the UK
Snap, Crackle and Pop, the three animated mascots of Rice Krispies cereal
Pop, the male parent or grandparent of a child
Pop, the first month of in the Maya Haab' calendar
Pop art, visual artistic movement that emerged in the late 1950s
Pop culture, the vernacular culture that prevails in any given society
Pop icon, popular celebrity
Point of Purchase, retail display design for retailers and brand owners. |
12549 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20virus | Computer virus | A computer virus is a program that is able to copy itself when it is run. Often, computer viruses are run as a part of other programs. Any program that is affected by the virus is "infected". Biological viruses also work that way, as they copy themselves as part of other organisms. This is how the computer virus got its name.
In addition to copying itself, a computer virus can also execute instructions that cause harm. For this reason, computer viruses affect security. They are part of malware.
Very often, the term is also used for other kinds of malware, such as trojan horses and worms. Even though this is wrong, it may be difficult to tell the difference between different kinds of malware; they often occur together, and only an expert may be able to tell them apart. Such programs also fit more than one category.
Computer viruses are created for a cause, sometimes they are created to spread political messages and they are also created to hack some system files.
Computer viruses are spread through many ways. Some of the common ways of spreading are through downloads, email attachments, removable hardwares, and so on. Most viruses are very dangerous kind of malware.
Kinds of computer viruses
There are different kinds of computer viruses:
Probably the most common form is the macro-virus or script virus. Such viruses are programmed with the script function which is present in many text processing systems and spreadsheets; or with general "script" functionality of a program.
Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector of floppy disks, hard drives and other media.
Executable files and scripts of the operating system; including those that are run automatically when a medium is inserted into a drive.
Cross-site scripting; scripts in web pages that replicate to other webpages.
Any computer file; generally buffer overflows, format strings, and race conditions are exploitable.
Limited user rights can limit the spread of a virus
In the beginning, operating systems on personal computers (or PC) did not have the concept of access control. There were no "users", everyone could do everything. Modern operating systems have the concept of access control. There can be more than one user and some users may have more "privileges" than others. Certain users may only have access to certain files and are unable to access others. Other users may be able to modify or delete certain files. These privileges can be specified for each file.
The damage a virus can cause is influenced by the rights the user has; if the user has no rights to write to certain places in the system, the virus will not be able to spread to those places.
Another problem is that sometimes the system for rights management may be available, but that it is not used by default. This is the case with systems such as Windows NT or Windows XP, where by default all users have same rights.
Antivirus software
Antivirus software can protect computers against known viruses. Some antivirus software scan files and compare a hash code for each file with its database of hash codes (or "signature"). If the code matches, it has likely found a virus. This way of doing things has created some problems. It will only protect against viruses whose hash code is known. The companies that wrote the antivirus need to keep the virus signatures up-to-date and need to give this information to the PC to be protected.
There are two possible modes of scanning: Either the file is scanned "on demand" (or "manually"), or it is scanned when the system registers an access to the file called "on access".
Antivirus software cannot offer full protection, even in the case the virus is known. Some viruses use something called polymorphic code to change their signature every time they move. No matter how many signatures the company has, they will not be able to stop these types of viruses.
Another way that antivirus software can protect against viruses is to use heuristics. Instead of knowing each virus by its signature, heuristic antivirus software look at the behavior of other software. If a software does something that seems bad, the antivirus software steps-in to stop it. Since every step needs to be watched, this is a slow way to do things.
"Live system"
The best protection against viruses can be obtained by using a system that boots off a read-only medium, such as a compact disc (called CD), digital versatile disc (called DVD), or USB flash drive (called USB) that does not allow write access to hard disk (or other removable media). This limits the usability of the computer as it is not possible to save documents or install new programs. Only -R media (not -RW) should be used, and the media should be finalized to prevent creating a new session that might possibly contain a virus.
References
Malware |
12552 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac | Mac | Mac can be:
Apple Macintosh, computer
Mackintosh, raincoat
Slang or informal for; man; son; macaroni
MAC can be:
Media Access Control (MAC), MAC address
Mid-American Conference, a sports league for universities in the United States |
12557 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Jones | Tom Jones | Tom Jones can refer to:
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, a 1749 novel by Henry Fielding
Tom Jones (movie), a 1963 movie based on the novel
Tom Jones (singer), a Welsh pop singer born Thomas John Woodward
Tom Jones (writer), writer of The Fantasticks
Thomas George Jones, English footballer
Tom Jones (auto racer), a Formula 1 racer |
12558 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hades | Hades | Hades (, Háidēs) is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld in ancient Greek religion and myth. He is the eldest son of the Titans Kronos and Rhea and brother to Zeus, Poseidon, Hestia, Hera, Demeter and Chiron.
As the lord of the dead, Hades was greatly feared by the Greeks, and he had few temples or shrines dedicated to him. He was married to the goddess Persephone, the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. Hades’ symbols were the cornucopia, a sceptre, the cypress, narcissus, poplar and his Helm of Darkness; the screech owl was his sacred animal. His sacred fruit was the pomegranate, the fruit that Persephone ate one- third of when she was kidnapped and in the underworld.
Hades’ Roman equivalent was Pluto, whose name is merely a Latinization of the Greek Plouton.
Other websites
Greek gods and goddesses
Afterlife |
12559 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlative | Superlative | A superlative, in grammar, is an adjective describing a noun that is the best example of a given quality. In other words, a superlative describes a noun that has more of some quality than any other.
Some examples:
the coldest day (i.e. the best example of a cold day, or the day that is colder than all the others)
the craziest man
the fluffiest cloud
In English, most superlatives can be formed by adding -EST to an existing adjective, like the examples above. (For adjectives that end in "-y", like "crazy", you often change the "y" to an "i" before you add the -EST on the end.)
Some adjectives have irregular superlative forms, which do not follow the rules, such as far ("farthest") and bad ("worst").
Other adjectives have no superlative form at all, and the superlative is made simply by adding the adverb "most" before the adjective. For instance, you do not say "funnest," or "interestingest". Instead, you say "most fun," and "most interesting."
This way of making the superlative is used for almost all adjectives ending in "ing" (like "interesting", "fascinating", "disgusting" or "appealing".)
Parts of speech
Grammar |
12565 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning%20disability | Learning disability | Learning disabilities, also called learning difficulties, are conditions that make it difficult to learn and understand things in the same way others do. Some people with learning difficulties also find it hard to fit in with other people because there are many things that people must know to live in society that are not easy to learn.
Learning difficulties can be things that people can learn to live with on their own, like dyslexia (a difficulty with reading) and dysgraphia (a difficulty with writing). They can also be big things that mean a person needs more help (like autism). People with learning disabilities may have average intelligence. Learning disabilities are not the same as mental illnesses. They can often deal with their difficulties by doing things in different ways.
Related pages
Down's syndrome
References
Disability
Learning |
12568 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbarrow | Wheelbarrow | A wheelbarrow is a kind of vehicle that is built to be pushed around with a load inside it. It is usually used in gardens.
Most wheelbarrows have one wheel, but some have two.
Wheelbarrows are used to carry heavy stuff which some people cannot carry.
Gardening tools |
12570 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold | Cold | Cold is a relative term used in comparison with the adjective warm (opposite of cold). Because it is relative, there is no range in coldness. The temperatures in the winter season are often categorized as being cold. Cold is the opposite of hot.
The coldest possible temperature is −273.15 °C, which can be expressed as -459.67 °F on the Fahrenheit scale. This is called absolute zero. Absolute zero is also 0 K on the Kelvin scale and 0 °R on the Rankine scale
Cooling
Cooling is when an object gets cold, or lowers in temperature. This can happen by taking away heat, or by putting something in a place with a lower temperature. Fluids used to cool objects are called coolants.
Air cooling is making the temperature of an object lower using air. This will only work if the air is at a lower temperature than the object. The process will work better if there is more surface area on the object or if the item's mass can be made smaller.
Other ways to cool objects include using ice, dry ice, or liquid nitrogen. This works by convection; the heat is taken from the relatively warm object to the relatively cold coolant.
Cold locations and objects
The Boomerang Nebula is the coldest known place in the universe. Scientists believe the temperature is 1 K (kelvin) (−272.15 °C/−457.87 °F).
Herschel Space Observatory equipment is kept at temperatures below 2 K, using a large helium tank for cooling.
Neptune's moon Triton has a surface temperature of −235 °C (−390 °F).
Uranus has an atmospheric temperature of −215 °C (−355 °F).
Saturn has a temperature of −175 °C (−285 °F) at cloud tops.
Mercury, even though it is close to the Sun, is actually cold during the night. It has a temperature of about −170 °C (−275 °F). Mercury is cold at night because it has no atmosphere to trap in heat from the Sun.
Jupiter has a temperature of −145 °C (−230 °F) at the cloud tops.
Mars has a temperature of about −125 °C (−195 °F).
The coldest continent on Earth is Antarctica. The coldest place on Earth is the Antarctic Plateau, an area of Antarctica around the South Pole that has an altitude of around 3000 meters. The lowest measured temperature on Earth, , was recorded at Vostok Station on 21 July 1983.
References
Basic English 850 words |
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