bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

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In June 1994 he became founder and owner-manager of " Shakespeare " , an English-language bookstore and arts center in Avignon , named after a famous earlier " Shakespeare " bookstore run in Paris in the early 20th century by Sylvia Beach ( Beach was the first publisher of James Joyce 's oft-censored novel " Ulysses " . )	In June 1994 he became founder and owner-manager of " Shakespeare " , an English-language bookstore and arts center in Avignon , named after a famous earlier " Shakespeare " bookstore run in Paris .	[]
Zuckermann retired from running the bookstore in 2012 ; it still exists under other ownership .	Zuckermann retired from running the bookstore in 2012 .	[]
He died in late 2018 in Avignon , France .	Zuckermann died on 4 November 2018 in Orange , Vaucluse , France at the age of 96 .	[]
Chahar Cheragh or Chuar-chira Square ( Kurdish : " چوارچرا , Chwar Chira " , ) ( meaning " Square of the four candles " ) , is a public square in the centre of the city of Mahabad .	Chuar-chira Square ( meaning " Square of the four candles " ) , is a known square in center of city of Mahabad where after Iranian invasion in 1947 , Qazi Muhammad the president of Republic of Mahabad was hanged in public as well as other leaders of the republic in Mahabad and Bukan .	[]
It is now officially called Shahrdari Square ( Municipality Square ) .	It is now officially called Shardari Square .	[]
Louis de Noailles , 4th Duke of Noailles ( 21 April 1713 in Versailles – 22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye ) was a French peer and Marshal of France .	Louis de Noailles , 4th Duke of Noailles ( 21 April 1713 in Versailles – 22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye ) He was a member of the influential House of Noailles and was a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles , daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France .	[]
He was the son of Franc ̧ oise Charlotte d 'Aubigne ́ , niece of Madame de Maintenon , and a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles , daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France .	Louis ' mother was Franc ̧ oise Charlotte d 'Aubigne ́ , the niece and heiress of Madame de Maintenon ( Louis XIV 's second " secret " wife )	[]
On 25 February 1737 he married Cathe ́ rine Franc ̧ oise Charlotte de Cosse ́ -Brissac , with whom he had four children , two sons and two daughters : John Paul .	On 25 February 1737 he married " Cathe ́ rine " Franc ̧ oise Charlotte de Cosse ́ , with whom he had four children	[]
Meigs Field airport was opened on 10 December 1948 , and , by 1955 , had become the busiest single-strip airport in the United States .	The airport opened on December 10 , 1948 , and became America 's busiest single-strip airport in 1955 .	[]
The latest air traffic tower was built in 1952 and the terminal was dedicated in 1961 .	The air traffic tower was built in 1952 and the terminal was built in 1961 .	[]
The airfield was named for Merrill C. Meigs .	The airfield was named for Merrill C. Meigs , an aviation enthuisist .	[]
The airport was a familiar sight on the downtown lakefront .	The airport was a common sight on the Chicago lakefront .	[]
The airport area is also the central location of the short documentary film " Powers of Ten " .	The airport is also the main location of the film " Powers of Ten " .	[]
He is one of fifteen people to have won an Oscar , an Emmy , a Grammy , and a Tony .	In 2018 , Webber became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar , Grammy , Tony and Emmy Award .	[]
Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway .	During his career , he has produced 15 musicals ( several have run at the West End and on Broadway for ten or more years ) .	[]
He has composed 13 musicals , a song cycle , a set of variations , two film scores , and a Latin Requiem Mass .	He wrote a Latin requiem mass .	[]
He has received a number of awards , including a knighthood in 1992 , followed by a peerage from Queen Elizabeth II for services to the Arts , six Tonys , three Grammys ( as well as the Grammy Legend Award ) , an Academy Award , fourteen Ivor Novello Awards , seven Olivier Awards , a Golden Globe , a Brit Award , the 2006 Kennedy Center Honors , the 2008 Classic Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music , and an Emmy Award .	He has won a large number of awards for his work , most notably seven Tony Awards , three Grammy Awards , an Oscar , an International Emmy , six Olivier Awards , and a Golden Globe Award .	[]
Josep Fontana i La ́ zaro ( 20 November 1931 – 28 August 2018 ) was a Spanish historian from Catalonia .	Josep Fontana i La ́ zaro ( 20 November 1931 – 28 August 2018 ) was a Spanish historian . <SEP> Fontana died of heart failure in Barcelona on 28 August 2018 at the age of 86 .	[]
Born in Barcelona , he received his master 's degree in philosophy and letters ( section history ) at the University of Barcelona in 1956 and his doctorate in history by the same university in 1970 .	He was born in Barcelona .	[]
He has taught economic , the interplay between history , law and economics and contemporary history at the University of Barcelona , the University of Valencia and at the Autonomous University of Barcelona .	He taught economic , the role between history , law and economics and contemporary history at the University of Barcelona , the University of Valencia and at the Autonomous University of Barcelona .	[]
The ballet premiered under the musical direction of Ernest Ansermet at the Ballets Russes with choreography by Bronislava Nijinska on 13 June 1923 , in Paris .	The ballet was choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska and the music and words were written by Igor Stravinsky .	[]
The work was premiered on June 13 , 1923 , at the The ́ a ̂ tre de la Gai ̂ te ́ in Paris , by the Ballets Russes with choreography by Bronislava Nijinska .	The ballet was first presented on 13 June 1923 at the The ́ a ̂ tre Gai ̂ te-Lyri ̂ que ́ in Paris .	[]
Jake Bugg ( born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy ; 28 February 1994 ) is an English musician , singer , and songwriter .	Jake Bugg ( born 28 February 1994 ) is an English singer and songwriter .	[]
Jake Bugg was born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy in Nottingham to musical parents who separated when he was young .	He was born and raised in Nottingham .	[]
Bugg was selected to perform on the " BBC Introducing " stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival at age 17 after submitting material to their website , and subsequently signed to Mercury Records .	He was chosen by the BBC to participate in the Glastonbury Festival in 2011 .	[]
His second album , " Shangri La " , was released in November 2013 and his third , largely self-produced album " On My One " , in June 2016 .	His third album " On My One " was released on 17 June 2016 .	[]
Miles Parks McCollum ( born August 23 , 1997 ) , known professionally as Lil Yachty , is an American rapper , singer and songwriter .	Lil Yachty is the stage name of Miles Parks McCollum ( born August 23 , 1996 ) . <SEP> McCollum is an American rapper from Georgia .	[]
Yachty first gained recognition in August 2015 for his singles " One Night " and " Minnesota " from his debut EP " Summer Songs " .	McCollum first received attention in August 2015 for his single " One Night " which topped at no . 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 .	[]
His mixtapes " Lil Boat " and " Summer Songs 2 " were released in 2016 and his debut studio album , " Teenage Emotions " in 2017 .	Since then he has released four projects , " Lil Boat " , " Summer Songs " , " Summer Songs 2 " , and " Teenage Emotions " .	[]
William Henry Harrison ( February 9 , 1773 – April 4 , 1841 ) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States in 1841 .	William Henry Harrison ( February 9 , 1773 – April 4 , 1841 ) was the 9th President of the United States .	[]
He took the oath of office on Thursday , March 4 , 1841 , a cold and wet day .	He was elected president in 1840 , and took the oath of office on March 4 , 1841 . <SEP> He took the oath of office in March 4 , 1841 which was a cold and wet day .	[]
He was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies before the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775 .	He was the last president to be born before the United States Declaration of Independence .	[]
Harrison was a son of Founding Father Benjamin Harrison V and the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison , the 23rd president of the United States .	His grandson was the 23rd President of the United States , Benjamin Harrison .	[]
He was a member of a prominent political family of English descent whose ancestors had been in Virginia since the 1630s and the last American president born as a British subject .	He was the last president to be born as a British citizen before the American Independence .	[]
His father was a Virginia planter who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress ( 1774 – 1777 ) and who signed the Declaration of Independence .	His father was a planter and a delegate to the Continental Congress ( 1774 – 1777 ) who signed the Declaration of Independence .	[]
Harrison 's older brother Carter Bassett Harrison represented Virginia in the House of Representatives ( 1793 – 99 ) .	His older brother Carter Bassett Harrison was elected a representative of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives .	[]
He braved the cold weather and chose not to wear an overcoat or a hat , rode on horseback to the ceremony rather than in the closed carriage that had been offered him , and delivered the longest inaugural address in American history at 8,445 words .	His inaugural address was the longest in American history .	[]
That June , Harrison 's body was transported by train and river barge to North Bend , Ohio , and he was buried on July 7 in a family tomb at the summit of Mt . Nebo overlooking the Ohio River which is now the William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial .	He was later buried in North Bend , Ohio .	[]
Martin Erat ( ] ) ( born August 29 , 1981 ) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player .	Martin Erat ( born August 28 , 1981 in Tr ̌ ebi ́ c ̌ , Czechoslovakia ) is a Czech ice hockey right winger .	[]
Martin has an older brother , Roman , who currently plays for HC Kometa Brno in the Czech Extraliga .	Martin also has an older brother named Roman who plays in the Czech Extraliga .	[]
It is the second season of the " Total Drama " series , which began with " Total Drama Island " .	Total Drama Action is the second season in the Total Drama television series .	[]
" Total Drama Action " premiered on January 11 , 2009 , at 6:30 p.m. on Teletoon and premiered on June 11 , 2009 , on Cartoon Network .	It started on June 11 , 2009 . <SEP> The Total Drama Action winner was Duncan .	[]
Eventually , two contestants were left standing : Duncan ( Drew Nelson ) and Beth ( Sarah Gadon ) , with both contestants being considered official winners depending on the country of airing .	Eventually , two contestants were left standing : Beth ( Sarah Gadon ) and Duncan ( Drew Nelson ) .	[]
Like " Total Drama Island " , the previous season , much of " Total Drama Action " chronicles the events of the eponymous fictional reality shows .	Like the previous season , much of " Total Drama Action " chronicles the events of the eponymous fictional reality shows .	[]
The contestants are told to arrive at an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto , Ontario , where the new competition , titled " " Total Drama Action " " , would take place .	The contestants are told to arrive at an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto , where the new competition , titled " Total Drama Action " , would take place .	[]
John Raymond David Griff ( April 22 , 1940 – March 9 , 2016 ) was a Canadian country music singer and songwriter , born in Vancouver and raised in Toronto , Ontario , Canada .	Raymond " Ray " Griff ( April 22 , 1940 – March 9 , 2016 ) was a Canadian country music singer-songwriter .	[]
John Raymond David Griff was born in 1940 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada .	He was from Vancouver , British Columbia .	[]
Griff began songwriting in the early 1960s and had early cuts by Johnny Horton , Jim Reeves , and others .	Griff began songwriting in the early 1960s .	[]
His first records as a singer were released in the late 1960s and Griff had his first hit , " Patches " , a remake of the Clarence Carter soul hit in 1970 which peaked at No. 26 in " Billboard " .	His first records as a singer were released in the late 1960s . <SEP> Griff had his first hit , " Patches " , a remake of the Clarence Carter soul hit in 1970 which peaked at No. 26 in " Billboard " .	[]
His stint at Capitol Records from 1975-1979 proved more successful , racking up eight more country top 40 hits , the most successful being 1976 's " If I Let Her Come In " which peaked at No. 11 .	His stint at Capitol Records from 1975-1979 was more successful , racking up eight more country top 40 hits , the most successful being 1976 's " If I Let Her Come In " which peaked at No. 11 .	[]
Jeannie Yvonne Ghislaine Rousseau , married name Jeannie de Clarens , ( 1 April 1919 – 23 August 2017 ) was an Allied intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II , a member of the " Druids " network led by .	Jeannie Rousseau ( Viscomtesse de Clarens ) ( April 1 , 1919 – August 23 , 2017 ) was an Allied intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II . <SEP> She was a member of Georges Lamarque 's " Druids " network .	[]
Born on 1 April 1919 in Saint-Brieuc , Jeannie Yvonne Ghislaine Rousseau was the daughter of Jean Rousseau , a World War I veteran and a French foreign ministry official , and his wife Marie , ne ́ e Le Charpentier .	Rousseau was born in Saint-Brieuc , France .	[]
Trajan ( ; ; 18 September 538August 117 ) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117 .	Trajan ( Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus , 18 September 53 – 9 August 117 ) was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117 .	[]
Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian .	Born into a non-patrician family in the province of Hispania Baetica , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian .	[]
Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis , in 89 Trajan supported Domitian against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus .	Serving as a general in the Roman army along the German frontier , Trajan successfully put down the revolt of Antonius Saturninus in 89 .	[]
In September 96 , Domitian was succeeded by the old and childless Nerva , who proved to be unpopular with the army .	In September 96 , Domitian was succeeded by Nerva , an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army .	[]
After a brief and tumultuous year in power , culminating in a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard , he was compelled to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor .	After a brief and tumultuous year in power , a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor .	[]
Nerva died in 98 and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident .	Nerva died on 27 January 98 , and was succeeded by Trajan without incident .	[]
As a civilian administrator , Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program , which reshaped the city of Rome and left numerous enduring landmarks such as Trajan 's Forum , Trajan 's Market and Trajan 's Column .	As a civilian administrator , Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program which reshaped the city of Rome and left multiple enduring landmarks such as Trajan 's Forum , Trajan 's Market and Trajan 's Column .	[]
Early in his reign , he annexed the Nabataean Kingdom , creating the province of Arabia Petraea .	Early in his reign he annexed Nabataea ( between the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas ) , creating the province of Arabia Petraea .	[]
His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly , as the new province possessed many valuable gold mines .	His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly - the new province possessed many valuable gold mines .	[]
Trajan 's war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of the capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia .	His war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of its capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia .	[]
He was deified by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under the Column .	He was deified by the Senate , and succeeded by his adopted son Hadrian .	[]
Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is a men 's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport 's highest level in the United States .	Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is an American soccer league that started in 1996 .	[]
The league comprises 24 teams — 21 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries .	As of the upcoming 2019 season , 24 teams will play in the league . <SEP> MLS , founded in the United States , is a fully professional league with 24 teams , three of which are based in Canada , and is the top soccer league in both countries .	[]
The league plans to expand to 28 teams with the additions of Inter Miami CF and Nashville SC in 2020 , Austin FC in 2021 , and a St. Louis franchise in 2022 , with further plans to expand to 30 teams at a later date .	Two more teams are planned to start play in 2020 .	[]
MLS began play in 1996 with ten teams .	MLS was formed in 1993 as a professional league , with play starting with 10 teams in 1996 .	[]
In Euclidean geometry , a parallelogram is a simple ( non-self-intersecting ) quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides .	A parallelogram is a polygon with four sides ( a quadrilateral ) .	[]
The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure .	The opposite sides of a parallelogram have the same length ( they are equally long ) . <SEP> In all Parallelogram 's opposite angles are equal to each other .	[]
Edward Joseph McManus ( February 9 , 1920 – March 20 , 2017 ) served as the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa and served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa for over 50 years .	Edward Joseph McManus ( February 9 , 1920 – March 20 , 2017 ) was an American politician and judge . <SEP> He served as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1959 through 1961 and later served as a United States federal judge for over 50 years from 1962 until his death in 2017 .	[]
He died at the age of 97 on March 20 , 2017 , in Cedar Rapids ; at the time of his death , McManus was the longest serving living federal judge .	At the time of his death , McManus was the longest serving living federal judge . <SEP> McManus died on March 20 , 2017 in Cedar Rapids , Iowa , aged 97 .	[]
The song serves as the lead single to the album , and was released worldwide on March 29 , 2007 through Def Jam Recordings .	It was released on March 29 , 2007 as a single and digital download .	[]
The song was originally written with Britney Spears in mind , but her label rejected it .	The song was first offered by Britney Spears which she turned it down .	[]
The song was released digitally in the United Kingdom on May 14 , 2007 , along with its physical release following two weeks later .	In the United Kingdom , the single was released as a digital download on May 14 and as a physical single on May 28 .	[]
" Umbrella " was a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Canada , Germany , Spain , the Republic of Ireland , Sweden , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States .	" Umbrella " reached the number one spot in a number of countries . <SEP> It topped the charts in the United States , Canada , United Kingdom , Ireland , Australia , New Zealand , Poland , Austria , Belgium , Norway and Switzerland at the same time .	[]
Saunders died on October 25 , 2015 at the age of 60 .	He retired in 2015 due to health reasons . <SEP> Saunders died of Hodgkin 's lymphoma in Minneapolis , Minnesota , aged 60 .	[]
Killing Lincoln is an American television film inspired by the 2011 book of the same name by Bill O 'Reilly and Martin Dugard .	Killing Lincoln is a 2013 American television movie that was based on Bill O 'Reilly 's book " Killing Lincoln " .	[]
Narrated and hosted by American actor Tom Hanks , the film stars Billy Campbell as President Lincoln and Jesse Johnson as John Wilkes Booth .	It was narrated by Tom Hanks . <SEP> It stars Billy Campbell and Jesse Johnson .	[]
It was written and executive produced by Erik Jendresen ( " Band of Brothers " ) , directed by Adrian Moat ( " Gettysburg " ) , produced by Chris Cowen , Mark Herzog , Ridley Scott , Tony Scott , Mary Lisio , David Zucker , and Terri Weinberg .	The television movie was produced by Ridley Scott and Tony Scott .	[]
Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites is the second extended play ( EP ) by American electronic music producer Skrillex .	Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites is the second EP by American electronic music producer , Skrillex . <SEP> " Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites " was released on October 22 , 2010 .	[]
It was recorded in 2010 at Skrillex 's apartment using a laptop .	Skrillex said that he recorded the EP in 2010 at his apartment using a laptop .	[]
It won two Grammys at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards : one for Best Dance Recording , and another for Best Dance / Electronica Album .	The EP won two Grammys at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Dance Recording and for Best Dance / Electronica Album .	[]
The EP received generally positive reviews from music critics and became a moderate commercial success , reaching number 49 on the " Billboard " 200 , while also topping the " Billboard " Heatseekers Albums chart and reaching number 28 in Australia .	The EP also received generally positive reviews from music critics and reached # 49 on the Billboard 200 as well as # 1 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart .	[]
In the 1930s , Australia and New Zealand started contesting the Bledisloe Cup during rugby tours between the two countries .	New Zealand and Australia compete annually for the Bledisloe Cup .	[]
In addition to the Rugby Championship trophy , the winner of games played between Australia and New Zealand also go toward determining the winner of the Bledisloe Cup each year .	All Rugby Championship games count as competition games for the Bledisloe Cup .	[]
Similarly , the Freedom Cup is contested between New Zealand and South Africa , and the Mandela Challenge Plate between Australia and South Africa .	South Africa and Australia compete annually for the Mandela Plate . <SEP> New Zealand and South Africa compete annually for the Freedom Cup .	[]
The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram .	The Milgram experiment is the name for a number of controversial experiments in psychology .	[]
The experiment was repeated many times around the globe , with fairly consistent results .	There have been many repetitions and variations of the experiment , with similar results .	[]
Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment , in which they had to administer electric shocks to a " learner . "	Participants were told they would be helping out in a " learning experiment " .	[]
These fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that would have been fatal had they been real .	The shocks eventually reached levels that would have been deadly had they been real .	[]
When the highest voltages were reached , the learner fell silent .	At this point , the learner fell silent .	[]
Before conducting the experiment , Milgram polled fourteen Yale University senior-year psychology majors to predict the behavior of 100 hypothetical teachers .	Before Milgram did his experiment , he asked fourteen Yale University psychology students what they thought the results would be .	[]
In Milgram 's first set of experiments , 65 percent ( 26 of 40 ) of experiment participants administered the experiment 's final massive 450-volt shock , and all administered shocks of at least 300 volts .	In fact , in Milgram 's first set of experiments , " 65 percent " ( 26 of 40 ) of participants gave the final massive 450-volt shock , and all gave a shock of at least 300 volts .	[]
These signs included sweating , trembling , stuttering , biting their lips , groaning , and digging their fingernails into their skin , and some were even having nervous laughing fits or seizures .	Signs of this included sweating , trembling , stuttering and groaning .	[]
Every participant paused the experiment at least once to question it .	All of them stopped to question the experiment at some point .	[]
Most continued after being assured by the experimenter .	Most continued once they were reassured by the experimenter .	[]
Later , Milgram and other psychologists performed variations of the experiment throughout the world , with similar results .	Other psychologists did their own versions of Milgram 's experiment and found very similar results . <SEP> After repeating the original experiment , Milgram and other scientists tried different variations .	[]
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 in in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 in in diameter mounted 10 ft high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop .	Basketball is a team sport where two teams , usually consisting of five players on each team , play against each other on a rectangular court . <SEP> The objective is to get the ball through a hoop mounted high on a backboard on the opponent 's side of the court , while preventing the opponent from shooting it into your team 's hoop .	[]
A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three .	Each made basket is worth two points , while a basket made from beyond the three-point line is worth three points .	[]
Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket , methods varying with players and situations .	The aim of basketball is to score more points than the other team , by shooting the ball in the basket . <SEP> You get points by " shooting " ( throwing or dropping ) the ball into the opponents ' basket .	[]

In June 1994 he became founder and owner-manager of " Shakespeare " , an English-language bookstore and arts center in Avignon , named after a famous earlier " Shakespeare " bookstore run in Paris in the early 20th century by Sylvia Beach ( Beach was the first publisher of James Joyce 's oft-censored novel " Ulysses " . )

In June 1994 he became founder and owner-manager of " Shakespeare " , an English-language bookstore and arts center in Avignon , named after a famous earlier " Shakespeare " bookstore run in Paris .

[]

Zuckermann retired from running the bookstore in 2012 ; it still exists under other ownership .

Zuckermann retired from running the bookstore in 2012 .

[]

He died in late 2018 in Avignon , France .

Zuckermann died on 4 November 2018 in Orange , Vaucluse , France at the age of 96 .

[]

Chahar Cheragh or Chuar-chira Square ( Kurdish : " چوارچرا , Chwar Chira " , ) ( meaning " Square of the four candles " ) , is a public square in the centre of the city of Mahabad .

Chuar-chira Square ( meaning " Square of the four candles " ) , is a known square in center of city of Mahabad where after Iranian invasion in 1947 , Qazi Muhammad the president of Republic of Mahabad was hanged in public as well as other leaders of the republic in Mahabad and Bukan .

[]

It is now officially called Shahrdari Square ( Municipality Square ) .

It is now officially called Shardari Square .

[]

Louis de Noailles , 4th Duke of Noailles ( 21 April 1713 in Versailles – 22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye ) was a French peer and Marshal of France .

Louis de Noailles , 4th Duke of Noailles ( 21 April 1713 in Versailles – 22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye ) He was a member of the influential House of Noailles and was a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles , daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France .

[]

He was the son of Franc ̧ oise Charlotte d 'Aubigne ́ , niece of Madame de Maintenon , and a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles , daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France .

Louis ' mother was Franc ̧ oise Charlotte d 'Aubigne ́ , the niece and heiress of Madame de Maintenon ( Louis XIV 's second " secret " wife )

[]

On 25 February 1737 he married Cathe ́ rine Franc ̧ oise Charlotte de Cosse ́ -Brissac , with whom he had four children , two sons and two daughters : John Paul .

On 25 February 1737 he married " Cathe ́ rine " Franc ̧ oise Charlotte de Cosse ́ , with whom he had four children

[]

Meigs Field airport was opened on 10 December 1948 , and , by 1955 , had become the busiest single-strip airport in the United States .

The airport opened on December 10 , 1948 , and became America 's busiest single-strip airport in 1955 .

[]

The latest air traffic tower was built in 1952 and the terminal was dedicated in 1961 .

The air traffic tower was built in 1952 and the terminal was built in 1961 .

[]

The airfield was named for Merrill C. Meigs .

The airfield was named for Merrill C. Meigs , an aviation enthuisist .

[]

The airport was a familiar sight on the downtown lakefront .

The airport was a common sight on the Chicago lakefront .

[]

The airport area is also the central location of the short documentary film " Powers of Ten " .

The airport is also the main location of the film " Powers of Ten " .

[]

He is one of fifteen people to have won an Oscar , an Emmy , a Grammy , and a Tony .

In 2018 , Webber became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar , Grammy , Tony and Emmy Award .

[]

Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway .

During his career , he has produced 15 musicals ( several have run at the West End and on Broadway for ten or more years ) .

[]

He has composed 13 musicals , a song cycle , a set of variations , two film scores , and a Latin Requiem Mass .

He wrote a Latin requiem mass .

[]

He has received a number of awards , including a knighthood in 1992 , followed by a peerage from Queen Elizabeth II for services to the Arts , six Tonys , three Grammys ( as well as the Grammy Legend Award ) , an Academy Award , fourteen Ivor Novello Awards , seven Olivier Awards , a Golden Globe , a Brit Award , the 2006 Kennedy Center Honors , the 2008 Classic Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music , and an Emmy Award .

He has won a large number of awards for his work , most notably seven Tony Awards , three Grammy Awards , an Oscar , an International Emmy , six Olivier Awards , and a Golden Globe Award .

[]

Josep Fontana i La ́ zaro ( 20 November 1931 – 28 August 2018 ) was a Spanish historian from Catalonia .

Josep Fontana i La ́ zaro ( 20 November 1931 – 28 August 2018 ) was a Spanish historian . <SEP> Fontana died of heart failure in Barcelona on 28 August 2018 at the age of 86 .

[]

Born in Barcelona , he received his master 's degree in philosophy and letters ( section history ) at the University of Barcelona in 1956 and his doctorate in history by the same university in 1970 .

He was born in Barcelona .

[]

He has taught economic , the interplay between history , law and economics and contemporary history at the University of Barcelona , the University of Valencia and at the Autonomous University of Barcelona .

He taught economic , the role between history , law and economics and contemporary history at the University of Barcelona , the University of Valencia and at the Autonomous University of Barcelona .

[]

The ballet premiered under the musical direction of Ernest Ansermet at the Ballets Russes with choreography by Bronislava Nijinska on 13 June 1923 , in Paris .

The ballet was choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska and the music and words were written by Igor Stravinsky .

[]

The work was premiered on June 13 , 1923 , at the The ́ a ̂ tre de la Gai ̂ te ́ in Paris , by the Ballets Russes with choreography by Bronislava Nijinska .

The ballet was first presented on 13 June 1923 at the The ́ a ̂ tre Gai ̂ te-Lyri ̂ que ́ in Paris .

[]

Jake Bugg ( born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy ; 28 February 1994 ) is an English musician , singer , and songwriter .

Jake Bugg ( born 28 February 1994 ) is an English singer and songwriter .

[]

Jake Bugg was born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy in Nottingham to musical parents who separated when he was young .

He was born and raised in Nottingham .

[]

Bugg was selected to perform on the " BBC Introducing " stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival at age 17 after submitting material to their website , and subsequently signed to Mercury Records .

He was chosen by the BBC to participate in the Glastonbury Festival in 2011 .

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His second album , " Shangri La " , was released in November 2013 and his third , largely self-produced album " On My One " , in June 2016 .

His third album " On My One " was released on 17 June 2016 .

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Miles Parks McCollum ( born August 23 , 1997 ) , known professionally as Lil Yachty , is an American rapper , singer and songwriter .

Lil Yachty is the stage name of Miles Parks McCollum ( born August 23 , 1996 ) . <SEP> McCollum is an American rapper from Georgia .

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Yachty first gained recognition in August 2015 for his singles " One Night " and " Minnesota " from his debut EP " Summer Songs " .

McCollum first received attention in August 2015 for his single " One Night " which topped at no . 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 .

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His mixtapes " Lil Boat " and " Summer Songs 2 " were released in 2016 and his debut studio album , " Teenage Emotions " in 2017 .

Since then he has released four projects , " Lil Boat " , " Summer Songs " , " Summer Songs 2 " , and " Teenage Emotions " .

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William Henry Harrison ( February 9 , 1773 – April 4 , 1841 ) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States in 1841 .

William Henry Harrison ( February 9 , 1773 – April 4 , 1841 ) was the 9th President of the United States .

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He took the oath of office on Thursday , March 4 , 1841 , a cold and wet day .

He was elected president in 1840 , and took the oath of office on March 4 , 1841 . <SEP> He took the oath of office in March 4 , 1841 which was a cold and wet day .

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He was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies before the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775 .

He was the last president to be born before the United States Declaration of Independence .

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Harrison was a son of Founding Father Benjamin Harrison V and the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison , the 23rd president of the United States .

His grandson was the 23rd President of the United States , Benjamin Harrison .

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He was a member of a prominent political family of English descent whose ancestors had been in Virginia since the 1630s and the last American president born as a British subject .

He was the last president to be born as a British citizen before the American Independence .

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His father was a Virginia planter who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress ( 1774 – 1777 ) and who signed the Declaration of Independence .

His father was a planter and a delegate to the Continental Congress ( 1774 – 1777 ) who signed the Declaration of Independence .

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Harrison 's older brother Carter Bassett Harrison represented Virginia in the House of Representatives ( 1793 – 99 ) .

His older brother Carter Bassett Harrison was elected a representative of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives .

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He braved the cold weather and chose not to wear an overcoat or a hat , rode on horseback to the ceremony rather than in the closed carriage that had been offered him , and delivered the longest inaugural address in American history at 8,445 words .

His inaugural address was the longest in American history .

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That June , Harrison 's body was transported by train and river barge to North Bend , Ohio , and he was buried on July 7 in a family tomb at the summit of Mt . Nebo overlooking the Ohio River which is now the William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial .

He was later buried in North Bend , Ohio .

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Martin Erat ( ] ) ( born August 29 , 1981 ) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player .

Martin Erat ( born August 28 , 1981 in Tr ̌ ebi ́ c ̌ , Czechoslovakia ) is a Czech ice hockey right winger .

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Martin has an older brother , Roman , who currently plays for HC Kometa Brno in the Czech Extraliga .

Martin also has an older brother named Roman who plays in the Czech Extraliga .

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It is the second season of the " Total Drama " series , which began with " Total Drama Island " .

Total Drama Action is the second season in the Total Drama television series .

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" Total Drama Action " premiered on January 11 , 2009 , at 6:30 p.m. on Teletoon and premiered on June 11 , 2009 , on Cartoon Network .

It started on June 11 , 2009 . <SEP> The Total Drama Action winner was Duncan .

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Eventually , two contestants were left standing : Duncan ( Drew Nelson ) and Beth ( Sarah Gadon ) , with both contestants being considered official winners depending on the country of airing .

Eventually , two contestants were left standing : Beth ( Sarah Gadon ) and Duncan ( Drew Nelson ) .

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Like " Total Drama Island " , the previous season , much of " Total Drama Action " chronicles the events of the eponymous fictional reality shows .

Like the previous season , much of " Total Drama Action " chronicles the events of the eponymous fictional reality shows .

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The contestants are told to arrive at an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto , Ontario , where the new competition , titled " " Total Drama Action " " , would take place .

The contestants are told to arrive at an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto , where the new competition , titled " Total Drama Action " , would take place .

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John Raymond David Griff ( April 22 , 1940 – March 9 , 2016 ) was a Canadian country music singer and songwriter , born in Vancouver and raised in Toronto , Ontario , Canada .

Raymond " Ray " Griff ( April 22 , 1940 – March 9 , 2016 ) was a Canadian country music singer-songwriter .

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John Raymond David Griff was born in 1940 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada .

He was from Vancouver , British Columbia .

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Griff began songwriting in the early 1960s and had early cuts by Johnny Horton , Jim Reeves , and others .

Griff began songwriting in the early 1960s .

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His first records as a singer were released in the late 1960s and Griff had his first hit , " Patches " , a remake of the Clarence Carter soul hit in 1970 which peaked at No. 26 in " Billboard " .

His first records as a singer were released in the late 1960s . <SEP> Griff had his first hit , " Patches " , a remake of the Clarence Carter soul hit in 1970 which peaked at No. 26 in " Billboard " .

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His stint at Capitol Records from 1975-1979 proved more successful , racking up eight more country top 40 hits , the most successful being 1976 's " If I Let Her Come In " which peaked at No. 11 .

His stint at Capitol Records from 1975-1979 was more successful , racking up eight more country top 40 hits , the most successful being 1976 's " If I Let Her Come In " which peaked at No. 11 .

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Jeannie Yvonne Ghislaine Rousseau , married name Jeannie de Clarens , ( 1 April 1919 – 23 August 2017 ) was an Allied intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II , a member of the " Druids " network led by .

Jeannie Rousseau ( Viscomtesse de Clarens ) ( April 1 , 1919 – August 23 , 2017 ) was an Allied intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II . <SEP> She was a member of Georges Lamarque 's " Druids " network .

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Born on 1 April 1919 in Saint-Brieuc , Jeannie Yvonne Ghislaine Rousseau was the daughter of Jean Rousseau , a World War I veteran and a French foreign ministry official , and his wife Marie , ne ́ e Le Charpentier .

Rousseau was born in Saint-Brieuc , France .

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Trajan ( ; ; 18 September 538August 117 ) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117 .

Trajan ( Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus , 18 September 53 – 9 August 117 ) was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117 .

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Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian .

Born into a non-patrician family in the province of Hispania Baetica , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian .

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Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis , in 89 Trajan supported Domitian against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus .

Serving as a general in the Roman army along the German frontier , Trajan successfully put down the revolt of Antonius Saturninus in 89 .

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In September 96 , Domitian was succeeded by the old and childless Nerva , who proved to be unpopular with the army .

In September 96 , Domitian was succeeded by Nerva , an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army .

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After a brief and tumultuous year in power , culminating in a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard , he was compelled to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor .

After a brief and tumultuous year in power , a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor .

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Nerva died in 98 and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident .

Nerva died on 27 January 98 , and was succeeded by Trajan without incident .

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As a civilian administrator , Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program , which reshaped the city of Rome and left numerous enduring landmarks such as Trajan 's Forum , Trajan 's Market and Trajan 's Column .

As a civilian administrator , Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program which reshaped the city of Rome and left multiple enduring landmarks such as Trajan 's Forum , Trajan 's Market and Trajan 's Column .

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Early in his reign , he annexed the Nabataean Kingdom , creating the province of Arabia Petraea .

Early in his reign he annexed Nabataea ( between the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas ) , creating the province of Arabia Petraea .

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His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly , as the new province possessed many valuable gold mines .

His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly - the new province possessed many valuable gold mines .

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Trajan 's war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of the capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia .

His war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of its capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia .

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He was deified by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under the Column .

He was deified by the Senate , and succeeded by his adopted son Hadrian .

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Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is a men 's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport 's highest level in the United States .

Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is an American soccer league that started in 1996 .

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The league comprises 24 teams — 21 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries .

As of the upcoming 2019 season , 24 teams will play in the league . <SEP> MLS , founded in the United States , is a fully professional league with 24 teams , three of which are based in Canada , and is the top soccer league in both countries .

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The league plans to expand to 28 teams with the additions of Inter Miami CF and Nashville SC in 2020 , Austin FC in 2021 , and a St. Louis franchise in 2022 , with further plans to expand to 30 teams at a later date .

Two more teams are planned to start play in 2020 .

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MLS began play in 1996 with ten teams .

MLS was formed in 1993 as a professional league , with play starting with 10 teams in 1996 .

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In Euclidean geometry , a parallelogram is a simple ( non-self-intersecting ) quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides .

A parallelogram is a polygon with four sides ( a quadrilateral ) .

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The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure .

The opposite sides of a parallelogram have the same length ( they are equally long ) . <SEP> In all Parallelogram 's opposite angles are equal to each other .

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Edward Joseph McManus ( February 9 , 1920 – March 20 , 2017 ) served as the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa and served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa for over 50 years .

Edward Joseph McManus ( February 9 , 1920 – March 20 , 2017 ) was an American politician and judge . <SEP> He served as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1959 through 1961 and later served as a United States federal judge for over 50 years from 1962 until his death in 2017 .

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He died at the age of 97 on March 20 , 2017 , in Cedar Rapids ; at the time of his death , McManus was the longest serving living federal judge .

At the time of his death , McManus was the longest serving living federal judge . <SEP> McManus died on March 20 , 2017 in Cedar Rapids , Iowa , aged 97 .

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The song serves as the lead single to the album , and was released worldwide on March 29 , 2007 through Def Jam Recordings .

It was released on March 29 , 2007 as a single and digital download .

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The song was originally written with Britney Spears in mind , but her label rejected it .

The song was first offered by Britney Spears which she turned it down .

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The song was released digitally in the United Kingdom on May 14 , 2007 , along with its physical release following two weeks later .

In the United Kingdom , the single was released as a digital download on May 14 and as a physical single on May 28 .

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" Umbrella " was a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Canada , Germany , Spain , the Republic of Ireland , Sweden , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States .

" Umbrella " reached the number one spot in a number of countries . <SEP> It topped the charts in the United States , Canada , United Kingdom , Ireland , Australia , New Zealand , Poland , Austria , Belgium , Norway and Switzerland at the same time .

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Saunders died on October 25 , 2015 at the age of 60 .

He retired in 2015 due to health reasons . <SEP> Saunders died of Hodgkin 's lymphoma in Minneapolis , Minnesota , aged 60 .

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Killing Lincoln is an American television film inspired by the 2011 book of the same name by Bill O 'Reilly and Martin Dugard .

Killing Lincoln is a 2013 American television movie that was based on Bill O 'Reilly 's book " Killing Lincoln " .

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Narrated and hosted by American actor Tom Hanks , the film stars Billy Campbell as President Lincoln and Jesse Johnson as John Wilkes Booth .

It was narrated by Tom Hanks . <SEP> It stars Billy Campbell and Jesse Johnson .

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It was written and executive produced by Erik Jendresen ( " Band of Brothers " ) , directed by Adrian Moat ( " Gettysburg " ) , produced by Chris Cowen , Mark Herzog , Ridley Scott , Tony Scott , Mary Lisio , David Zucker , and Terri Weinberg .

The television movie was produced by Ridley Scott and Tony Scott .

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Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites is the second extended play ( EP ) by American electronic music producer Skrillex .

Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites is the second EP by American electronic music producer , Skrillex . <SEP> " Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites " was released on October 22 , 2010 .

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It was recorded in 2010 at Skrillex 's apartment using a laptop .

Skrillex said that he recorded the EP in 2010 at his apartment using a laptop .

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It won two Grammys at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards : one for Best Dance Recording , and another for Best Dance / Electronica Album .

The EP won two Grammys at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Dance Recording and for Best Dance / Electronica Album .

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The EP received generally positive reviews from music critics and became a moderate commercial success , reaching number 49 on the " Billboard " 200 , while also topping the " Billboard " Heatseekers Albums chart and reaching number 28 in Australia .

The EP also received generally positive reviews from music critics and reached # 49 on the Billboard 200 as well as # 1 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart .

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In the 1930s , Australia and New Zealand started contesting the Bledisloe Cup during rugby tours between the two countries .

New Zealand and Australia compete annually for the Bledisloe Cup .

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In addition to the Rugby Championship trophy , the winner of games played between Australia and New Zealand also go toward determining the winner of the Bledisloe Cup each year .

All Rugby Championship games count as competition games for the Bledisloe Cup .

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Similarly , the Freedom Cup is contested between New Zealand and South Africa , and the Mandela Challenge Plate between Australia and South Africa .

South Africa and Australia compete annually for the Mandela Plate . <SEP> New Zealand and South Africa compete annually for the Freedom Cup .

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The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram .

The Milgram experiment is the name for a number of controversial experiments in psychology .

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The experiment was repeated many times around the globe , with fairly consistent results .

There have been many repetitions and variations of the experiment , with similar results .

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Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment , in which they had to administer electric shocks to a " learner . "

Participants were told they would be helping out in a " learning experiment " .

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These fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that would have been fatal had they been real .

The shocks eventually reached levels that would have been deadly had they been real .

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When the highest voltages were reached , the learner fell silent .

At this point , the learner fell silent .

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Before conducting the experiment , Milgram polled fourteen Yale University senior-year psychology majors to predict the behavior of 100 hypothetical teachers .

Before Milgram did his experiment , he asked fourteen Yale University psychology students what they thought the results would be .

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In Milgram 's first set of experiments , 65 percent ( 26 of 40 ) of experiment participants administered the experiment 's final massive 450-volt shock , and all administered shocks of at least 300 volts .

In fact , in Milgram 's first set of experiments , " 65 percent " ( 26 of 40 ) of participants gave the final massive 450-volt shock , and all gave a shock of at least 300 volts .

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These signs included sweating , trembling , stuttering , biting their lips , groaning , and digging their fingernails into their skin , and some were even having nervous laughing fits or seizures .

Signs of this included sweating , trembling , stuttering and groaning .

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Every participant paused the experiment at least once to question it .

All of them stopped to question the experiment at some point .

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Most continued after being assured by the experimenter .

Most continued once they were reassured by the experimenter .

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Later , Milgram and other psychologists performed variations of the experiment throughout the world , with similar results .

Other psychologists did their own versions of Milgram 's experiment and found very similar results . <SEP> After repeating the original experiment , Milgram and other scientists tried different variations .

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Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 in in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 in in diameter mounted 10 ft high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop .

Basketball is a team sport where two teams , usually consisting of five players on each team , play against each other on a rectangular court . <SEP> The objective is to get the ball through a hoop mounted high on a backboard on the opponent 's side of the court , while preventing the opponent from shooting it into your team 's hoop .

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A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three .

Each made basket is worth two points , while a basket made from beyond the three-point line is worth three points .

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Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket , methods varying with players and situations .

The aim of basketball is to score more points than the other team , by shooting the ball in the basket . <SEP> You get points by " shooting " ( throwing or dropping ) the ball into the opponents ' basket .

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