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Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 214 | \ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ Consciousness /
\ of /
\ the World /
\ /
\ | /
\ | /
\ | /
Matter
The World
Figure 6
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
242
The diagram in Fig. 6 is called the Tree of Life. The
"constructionist" approach I have used to justify its structure
is a little unusual, but the essence of my presentation can be
found in the "Zohar" under the guise of the Macroprosopus and
Microprosopus, although in this form it is not readily accessible
to the average reader. My attempt to show how the Tree of Life
can be derived out of pure consciousness through the interaction
of an abstract notion of force and form was not intended to be a
convincing exercise from an intellectual point of view - the Tree
of Life is primarily a gnostic rather than a rational or
intellectual explanation of consciousness and its interaction
with the physical world.
The Tree is composed of 10 states or sephiroth (sephiroth
plural, sephira singular) and 22 interconnecting paths. The age
of this diagram is unknown: there is enough information in the
13th. century "Sepher ha Zohar" to construct this diagram, and
the doctrine of the sephiroth has been attributed to Isaac the
Blind in the 12th. century, but we have no certain knowledge of
its origin. It probably originated sometime in the interval
between the 6th. and 13th. centuries AD. The origin of the word
"sephira" is unclear - it is almost certainly derived from the
Hebrew word for "number" (SPhR), but it has also been attributed
to the Greek word for "sphere" and even to the Hebrew word for a
sapphire (SPhIR). With a characteristic aptitude for discovering
hidden meanings everywhere, Kabbalists find all three derivations
useful, so take your pick.
In the language of earlier Cabalistic writers the sephiroth
represented ten primeval emanations of God, ten foci through
which the energy of a hidden, absolute and unknown Godhead (En
Soph) propagated throughout the creation, like white light
passing through a prism. The sephiroth can be interpreted as
aspects of God, as states of consciousness, or as nodes akin to
the Chakras in the occult anatomy of a human being .
I have left out one important detail from the structure of
the Tree. There is an eleventh "something" which is definitely
*not* a sephira, but is often shown on modern representations of |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 215 | the Tree. The Cabalistic "explanation" runs as follows: when
Malkuth "fell" out of the Garden of Eden (Fig. 2) it left behind
a "hole" in the fabric of the Tree, and this "hole", located in
the center of the Abyss, is called Daath, or Knowledge. Daath is
*not* a sephira; it is a hole. This may sound like gobbledy-gook,
and in the sense that it is only a metaphor, it is.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
243
The completed Tree of Life with the Hebrew titles of the
sephiroth is shown below in Fig. 7.
En Soph
/-------------------------\
/ \
( Kether )
/ (Crown) \
/ | \
/ | \
/ | \
Binah | Chokhmah
(Understanding)__________ (Wisdom)
(Intelligence) | |
|\ | /|
| \ Daath / |
| \ (Knowledge) / |
| \ | / |
Gevurah \ | / Chesed
(Strength)\_____|_____/__ (Mercy)
| \ | / (Love)
| \ \ | / / |
| \ \ | / / |
| \ Tipheret / |
| / (Beauty) \ |
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
|/ | \|
Hod | Netzach
(Glory) _______________(Victory)
(Splendor) | (Firmness)
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / / |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 216 | \ \ Yesod / /
\ (Foundation) /
\ /
\ | /
\ | /
\ | /
Malkuth
(Kingdom)
Figure 7
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
244
From an historical point of view the doctrine of emanations and
the Tree of Life are only one small part of a huge body of
Cabalistic speculation about the nature of divinity and our part
in creation, but it is the part which has survived. The Tree
continues to be used in the Twentieth Century because it has
proved to be a useful and productive symbol for practices of a
magical, mystical and religious nature. Modern Kabbalah in the
Western Mystery Tradition is largely concerned with the
understanding and practical application of the Tree of Life, and
the following set of notes will list some of the characteristics
of each sephira in more detail so that you will have a "snapshot"
of what each sephira represents before going on to examine the
sephiroth and the "deep structure" of the Tree in more detail.
Chapter 2.: Sephirothic Correspondences
The correspondences are a set of symbols, associations and
qualities which provide a handle on the elusive something a
sephira represents. Some of the correspondences are hundreds of
years old, many were concocted this century, and some are my own;
some fit very well, and some are obscure - oddly enough it is
often the most obscure and ill-fitting correspondence which is
most productive; like a Zen riddle it perplexes and annoys the
mind until it arrives at the right place more in spite of the
correspondence than because of it.
There are few canonical correspondences; some of the
sephiroth have alternative names, some of the names have
alternative translations, the mapping from Hebrew spellings to
the English alphabet varies from one author to the next, and
inaccuracies and accretions are handed down like the family
silver. I keep my Hebrew dictionary to hand but guarantee none of
the English spellings.
The correspondences I have given are as follows:
1. The Meaning is a translation of the Hebrew name of the
sephira. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 217 | 2. The Planet in most cases is the planet associated with
the sephira. In some cases it is not a planet at all
(e.g. the fixed stars). The planets are ordered
by decreasing apparent motion - this is one
correspondence which appears to pre-date Copernicus!
3. The Element is the physical element (earth, water, air,
fire, aethyr) which has most in common with the nature
of the Sephira. The Golden Dawn applied an excess of
logic to these attributions and made a mess of them, to
the confusion of many. Only the five Lower Face
sephiroth have been attributed an element.
4. Briatic color. This is the color of the sephira as
seen in the world of Creation, Briah. There are color
scales for the other three worlds but I haven't found
them to be useful in practical work.
5. Magical Image. Useful in meditations; some are astute.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
245
6. The Briatic Correspondence is an abstract quality
which says something about the essence of the way the
sephira expresses itself.
7. The Illusion characterizes the way in which the energy
of the sephira clouds one's judgement; it is something
which is *obviously* true. Most people suffer from one
or more of these according to their temperament.
8. The Obligation is a personal quality which is demanded
of an initiate at this level.
9. The Virtue and Vice are the energy of the sephiroth as
it manifests in a positive and negative sense in the
personality.
10. Klippoth is a word which means "shell". In medieval
Kabbalah each sephira was "seen" to be adding form to
the sephira which preceded it in the Lightning Flash
(see Chapter 3.). Form was seen to an accretion, a shell
around the pure divine energy of the Godhead, and each
layer or shell hid the divine radiance a little bit
more, until God was buried in form and exiled in matter,
the end-point of the process. At the time attitudes to
matter were tainted with the Manichean notion that
matter was evil, a snare for the spirit, and
consequently the Klippoth or shells were "demonised" and
actually turned into demons. The correspondence I have
given here restores the original notion of a shell of
form *without* the corresponding force to activate it;
it is the lifeless, empty husk of a sephira devoid of
force, and while it isn't a literal demon, it is hardly
a bundle of laughs when you come across it.
11. The Command refers to the Four Powers of the Sphinx,
with an extra one added for good measure. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 218 | 12. The Spiritual Experience is just that.
13. The Titles are a collection of alternative names for the
sephira; most are very old.
14. The God Name is a key to invoking the power of the
sephira in the world of emanation, Atziluth.
13. The Archangel mediates the energy of the sephira in the
world of creation, Briah.
14. The Angel Order administers the energy of the sephira in
the world of formation, Yetzirah.
15. The Keywords are a collection of phrases which summarize
key aspects of the sephira.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
246
=================================================================
Sephira: Malkuth Meaning: Kingdom
------- -------
Planet: Cholem Yesodeth Element: earth
--------(the Breaker of -------
the Foundations, sphere of the elements, the Earth)
Briatic Color: brown Number: 10
------------- (citrine, russet-red,------
olive green, black)
Magical Image: a young woman crowned and throned
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: stability
----------------------
Illusion: materialism Obligation: discipline
-------- ----------
Virtue: discrimination Vice: avarice & inertia
------ ----
Klippoth: stasis Command: keep silent
-------- -------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of the Holy Guardian Angel
------
Titles: The Gate; Gate of Death; Gate of Tears; Gate of Justice;
------ The Inferior Mother; Malkah, the Queen; Kallah, the
Bride; the Virgin.
------
God Name: Adonai ha Aretz Archangel: Sandalphon
-------- Adonai Malekh ---------
Angel Order: Ishim
-----------
Keywords:the real world, physical matter, the Earth, Mother
Earth, the physical elements, the natural world, sticks
& stones, possessions, faeces, practicality, solidity,
stability, inertia, heaviness, bodily death, incarnation. |
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247
=================================================================
Sephira: Yesod Meaning: Foundation
------- -------
Planet: Levanah (the Moon) Element: Aethyr
-------------- -------
Briatic Color: purple Number: 9
------------- ------
Magical Image: a beautiful man, very strong (e.g. Atlas)
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: receptivity, perception
----------------------
Illusion: security Obligation: trust
-------- ----------
Virtue: independence Vice: idleness
------ ----
Klippoth: zombieism, robotism Command: go!
-------- -------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of the Machinery of the Universe
--------------------
Titles: The Treasure House of Images
------
God Name: Shaddai el Chai Archangel: Gabriel
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Cherubim
----------
Keywords: perception, interface, imagination, image, appearance,
glamour, the Moon, the unconscious, instinct, tides,
illusion, hidden infrastructure, dreams, divination,
anything as it seems to be and not as it is, mirrors
and crystals, the "Astral Plane", Aethyr, glue,
tunnels, sex & reproduction, the genitals, cosmetics,
instinctive magic (psychism), secret doors, shamanic
tunnel. |
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248
=============================================================
Sephira: Hod Meaning: Glory, Splendor
------- -------
Planet: Kokab (Mercury) Element: air
------ -------
Briatic Color: orange Number: 8
------------- ------
Magical Image: an hermaphrodite
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: abstraction
----------------------
Illusion: order Obligation: learn
-------- ----------
Virtue: honesty, truthfulness Vice: dishonesty
------ ----
Klippoth: rigidity Command: will
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of Splendor
------
Titles: -
------
God Name: Elohim Tzabaoth Archangel: Raphael
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Beni Elohim
Keywords: reason, abstraction, communication, conceptualization,
logic, the sciences, language, speech, money (as a
concept), mathematics, medicine & healing, trickery,
writing, media (as communication), pedantry,
philosophy, Kabbalah (as an abstract system), protocol,
the Law, ownership, territory, theft, "Rights", ritual
magic. |
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249
===============================================================
Sephira: Netzach Meaning: Victory, Firmness
------- -------
Planet: Nogah (Venus) Element: water
-------------- -------
Briatic Color: green Number: 7
------------- ------
Magical Image: a beautiful naked woman
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: nurture
----------------------
Illusion: projection Obligation: responsibility
-------- ----------
Virtue: unselfishness Vice: selfishness
------ ----
Klippoth: habit, routine Command: know
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of Beauty Triumphant
------
Titles: -
------
God Name: Jehovah Tzabaoth Archangel: Haniel
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Elohim
----------
Keywords: passion, pleasure, luxury, sensual beauty, feelings,
drives, emotions - love, hate, anger, joy, depression,
misery, excitement, desire, lust; nurture, libido,
empathy, sympathy, ecstatic magic. |
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250
================================================================
Sephira: Tipheret Meaning: Beauty
------- -------
Planet: Shemesh (the Sun) Element: fire
-------------- -------
Briatic Color: yellow Number: 6
------------- ------
Magical Image: a king, a child, a sacrificed god
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: centrality, wholeness
----------------------
Illusion: identification Obligation: integrity
-------- ----------
Virtue: devotion to the Great Work Vice: pride, self-importance
------ ----
Klippoth: hollowness Command: dare
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of Harmony
--------------------
Titles: Melekh, the King; Zoar Anpin, the lesser countenance, the
------ Microprosopus; the Son; Rachamin, charity.
God Name: Aloah va Daath Archangel: Michael
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Malachim
-----------
Keywords: harmony, integrity, balance, wholeness, the Self, self-
importance, self-sacrifice, the Son of God, centrality,
the Philospher's Stone, identity, the solar plexus,
a King, the Great Work. |
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251
================================================================
Sephira: Gevurah Meaning: Strength
------- -------
Planet: Madim (Mars)
--------------
Briatic Color: red Number: 5
------------- ------
Magical Image: a mighty warrior
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: power
----------------------
Illusion: invincibility Obligation: courage & loyalty
-------- ----------
Virtue: courage & energy Vice: cruelty
------ ----
Klippoth: bureaucracy
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of Power
--------------------
Titles: Pachad, fear; Din, justice.
------
God Name: Elohim Gevor Archangel: Kamael
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Seraphim
-----------
Keywords: power, justice, retribution (eaten cold), the Law (in
execution), cruelty, oppression, domination & the Power
Myth, severity, necessary destruction, catabolism,
martial arts. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 224 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
252
===============================================================
Sephira: Chesed Meaning: Mercy
------- -------
Planet: Tzadekh (Jupiter)
--------------
Briatic Color: blue Number: 4
------------- ------
Magical Image: a mighty king
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: authority
----------------------
Illusion: being right Obligation: humility
-------- (self-righteousness) ----------
Virtue: humility & obedience Vice: tyranny, hypocrisy,
------ ---- bigotry, gluttony
Klippoth: ideology
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of Love
--------------------
Titles: Gedulah, magnificence, love, majesty
------
God Name: El Archangel: Tzadkiel
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Chasmalim
-----------
Keywords: authority, creativity, inspiration, vision, leadership,
excess, waste, secular and spiritual power, submission
and the Annihilation Myth, the atom bomb, obliteration,
birth, service.
================================================================
Non-Sephira: Daath Meaning: Knowledge
----------- -------
Daath has no manifest qualities and cannot be invoked directly. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 225 | Keywords: hole, tunnel, gateway, doorway, black hole, vortex.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
253
================================================================
Sephira: Binah Meaning: Understanding,
------- -------
Planet: Shabbathai (Saturn)
------
Briatic Color: black Number: 3
------------- ------
Magical Image: an old woman on a throne
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: comprehension
----------------------
Illusion: death
--------
Virtue: silence Vice: inertia
------ ----
Klippoth: fatalism
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of Sorrow
--------------------
Titles: Aima, the Mother; Ama, the Crone; Marah, the bitter
sea; Khorsia, the Throne; the Fifty Gates of
Understanding; Intelligence; the Mother of Form; the
Superior Mother.
God Name: Elohim Archangel: Cassiel
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Aralim
-----------
Keywords: limitation, form, constraint, heaviness, slowness, old-
age, infertility, incarnation, karma, fate, time,
space, natural law, the womb and gestation, darkness,
boundedness, enclosure, containment, fertility, mother,
weaving and spinning, death (annihilation). |
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254
==================================================================
Sephira: Chokhmah Meaning: Wisdom
------- -------
Planet: Mazlot (the Zodiac, the fixed stars)
--------------
Briatic Color: silver/white Number: 2
------------- grey ------
Magical Image: a bearded man
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: revolution
----------------------
Illusion: independence
--------
Virtue: good Vice: evil
------ ----
Klippoth: arbitrariness
--------
Spiritual Experience: Vision of God face-to-face
------
Titles: Abba, the Father. The Supernal Father.
------
God Name: Jah Archangel: Ratziel
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Auphanim
-----------
Keywords: pure creative energy, lifeforce, the wellspring. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 227 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
255
==================================================================
Sephira: Kether Meaning: Crown
------- -------
Planet: Rashith ha Gilgalim (first swirlings, the Big Bang)
--------------
Briatic Color: pure white Number: 1
------------- ------
Magical Image: a bearded man seen in profile
-------------
Briatic Correspondence: unity
----------------------
Illusion: attainment
--------
Virtue: attainment Vice: ---
------ ----
Klippoth: futility
--------
Spiritual Experience: Union with God
--------------------
Titles: Ancient of Days, the Greater Countenance
(Macroprosopus), the White Head, Concealed of the
Concealed, Existence of Existences, the Smooth Point,
Rum Maalah, the Highest Point.
God Name: Eheieh Archangel: Metatron
-------- ---------
Angel Order: Chaioth ha Qadesh
-----------
Keywords: unity, union, all, pure consciousness, God, the
Godhead, manifestation, beginning, source, emanation. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 228 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
256
Chapter 3: The Pillars & the Lightning Flash
============================================
In Chapter 1. the Tree of Life was derived from three
concepts, or rather one primary concept and two derivative
concepts which are "contained" within it. The primary concept was
called consciousness, and it was said to "contain" within it the
two complementary concepts of force and form. This chapter builds
on the idea by introducing the three Pillars of the Tree, and
uses the Pillars to clarify a process called the Lightning Flash.
The Three Pillars are shown in Figure 8. below.
Pillar Pillar Pillar
of of of
Form Consciousness Force
(Severity) (Mildness) (Mercy)
Kether
/ (Crown) \
/ | \
/ | \
/ | \
Binah | Chokhmah
(Understanding)__________ (Wisdom)
(Intelligence) | |
|\ | /|
| \ Daath / |
| \ (Knowledge) / |
| \ | / |
Gevurah \ | / Chesed
(Strength)\_____|_____/__ (Mercy)
| \ | / (Love)
| \ \ | / / |
| \ \ | / / |
| \ Tipheret / |
| / (Beauty) \ | |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 229 | | / | \ |
| / | \ |
|/ | \|
Hod | Netzach
(Glory) _______________(Victory)
(Splendor) | (Firmness)
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ \ | / /
\ \ Yesod / /
\ (Foundation) /
\ /
\ | /
\ | /
\ | /
Malkuth
(Kingdom)
Figure 8
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257
Not surprisingly the three pillars are referred to as the pillars
of consciousness, force and form. The pillar of consciousness
contains the sephiroth Kether, Tiphereth, Yesod and Malkuth; the
pillar of force contains the sephiroth Chokhmah, Chesed and
Netzach; the pillar of form contains the sephiroth Binah, Gevurah
and Hod. In older Cabalistic texts the pillars are referred to
as the pillars of mildness, mercy and severity, and it is not
immediately obvious how the older jargon relates to the new. To
the medieval Kabbalist (and this is a recurring metaphor in the
Zohar) the creation as an emanation of God is a delicate
*balance* (metheqela) between two opposing tendencies: the mercy
of God, the outflowing, creative, life-giving and sustaining
tendency in God, and the severity or strict judgement of God, the
limiting, defining, life-taking and ultimately wrathful or
destructive tendency in God. The creation is "energized" by these
two tendencies as if stretched between the poles of a battery.
Modern Kabbalah makes a half-hearted attempt to remove the
more obvious anthropomorphisms in the descriptions of "God";
mercy and severity are misleading terms, apt to remind one of a
man with a white beard, and even in medieval times the terms had
distinctly technical meanings as the following quotation shows
[1]:
"It must be remembered that to the Kabbalist, judgement [Din
- judgement, another title of Gevurah] means the imposition
of limits and the correct determination of things. According
to Cordovero the quality of judgement is inherent in
everything insofar as everything wishes to remain what it
is, to stay within its boundaries."
I understand the word "form" inprecisely this sense - itis
that which defines *what* a thing is, the structure whereby a given
thing is distinct from every other thing.
As for "consciousness", I use the word "consciousness" in a |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 230 | sense so abstract that it is virtually meaningless, and according
to whim I use the word God instead, where it is understood that
both words are placeholders for something which is potentially
knowable in the gnostic sense only - consciousness can be
*defined* according to the *forms* it takes, in which case we are
defining the forms, *not* the consciousness. The same
qualification applies to the word "force". My inability to define
two of the three concepts which underpin the structure of the
Tree is a nuisance which is tackled traditionally by the use of
extravagant metaphors, and by elimination ("not this, not
that").
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
258
The classification of sephiroth into three pillars is a way
of saying that each sephira in a pillar partakes of a common
quality which is "inherited" in a progressively more developed
and structured form from of the top of a pillar to the bottom.
Tipheret, Yesod and Malkuth all share with Kether the quality of
"consciousness in balance" or "synthesis of opposing qualities",
or but in each case it is expressed differently according to the
increased degree of structure imposed. Likewise, Chokhmah, Chesed
and Netzach share the quality of force or energy or
expansiveness, and Binah, Gevurah and Hod share the quality of
form, definition and limitation. From Kether down to Malkuth,
force and form are combined; the symbolism of the Tree has
something in common with a production line, with molten metal
coming in one end and finished cars coming out the other, and
with that metaphor we are now ready to describe the Lightning
Flash, the process whereby God takes on flesh, the process which
created and sustains the creation.
In the beginning...was Something. Or Nothing. It doesn't
really matter which term we use, as both are equally meaningless
in this context. Nothing is probably the better of the two terms,
because I can use Something in the next paragraph. Kabbalists
call this Nothing "En Soph" which literally means "no end" or
infinity, and understand by this a hidden, unmanifest God-in-
Itself.
Out of this incomprehensible and indescribable Nothing came
Something. Probably more words have been devoted to this moment
than any other in Kabbalah, and it is all too easy to make fun
the effort which has gone into elaborating the indescribable, so
I won't, but in return do not expect me to provide a
justification for why Something came out of Nothing. It just did.
A point crystallized in the En Soph. In some versions of the
story the En Soph "contracted" to "make room" for the creation
(Isaac Luria's theory of Tsimtsum), and this is probably an |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 231 | important clarification for those who have rubbed noses with the
hidden face of God, but for the purposes of these notes it is
enough that a point crystallized. This point was the crown of
creation, the sephira Kether, and within Kether was contained all
the unrealized potential of the creation.
An aspect of Kether is the raw creative force of God which
blasts into the creation like the blast of hot gas which keeps a
hot air balloon in the air. Kabbalists are quite clear about this;
the creation didn't just happen a long time ago - it is happening
all the time, and without the force to sustain it the creation
would crumple like a balloon. The force-like aspect within Kether
is the sephira Chokhmah and it can be thought of as the will of
God, because without it the creation would cease to *be*. The
whole of creation is maintained by this ravening, primeval desire
to *be*, to become, to exist, to change, to evolve. The
experiential distinction between Kether, the point of emanation,
and Chokhmah, the creative outpouring, is elusive, but some of
the difference is captured in the phrases "I am" and "I
become".
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
259
Force by itself achieves nothing; it needs to be contained,
and the balloon analogy is appropriate again. Chokhmah contains
within it the necessity of Binah, the Mother of Form. The person
who taught me Kabbalah (a woman) told me Chokhmah (Abba, the
Father) was God's prick, and Binah (Aima, the mother) was God's
womb, and left me with the picture of one half of God
continuously ejaculating into the other half. The author of the
Zohar also makes frequent use of sexual polarity as a metaphor
to describe the relationship between force and form, or mercy and
severity (although the most vivid sexual metaphors are used for
the marriage of the Microprosopus and his bride, the Queen and
Inferior Mother, the sephira Malkuth).
The sephira Binah is the Mother of Form; form exists within
Binah as a potentiality, not as an actuality, just as a womb
contains the potential of a baby. Without the possibility of
form, no thing would be distinct from any other thing; it would
be impossible to distinguish between things, impossible to have
individuality or identity or change. The Mother of Form
contains the potential of form within her womb and gives birth to
form when a creative impulse crosses the Abyss to the Pillar of
Force and emanates through the sephira Chesed. Again we have the
idea of "becoming", of outflowing creative energy, but at a lower
level. The sephira Chesed is the point at which form becomes
perceptible to the mind as an inspiration, an idea, a vision,
that "Eureka!" moment immediately prior to rushing around
shouting "I've got it! I've got it!" Chesed is that quality of
genuine inspiration, a sense of being "plugged in" which
characterizes the visionary leaders who drive the human race
onwards into every new kind of endeavour. It can be for good or
evil; a leader who can tap the petty malice and vindictiveness in
any person and channel it into a vision of a new order and
genocide is just as much a visionary as any other, but the
positive side of Chesed is the humanitarian leader who brings
about genuine improvements to our common life. |
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260
No change comes easy; as Cordova points out "everything
wishes to remain what it is". The creation of form is balanced in
the sephira Gevurah by the preservation and destruction of form.
Any impulse of change is channelled through Gevurah, and if it is
not resisted then something will be destroyed. If you want to
make paper you cut down a tree. If you want to abolish slavery
you have to destroy the culture which perpetuates it. If you want
to change someone's mind you have to destroy that person's
beliefs about the matter in question. The sephira Gevurah is the
quality of strict judgement which opposes change, destroys the
unfamiliar, and corresponds in many ways to an immune system
within the body of God.
There has to be a balance between creation and destruction.
Too much change, too many ideas, too many things happening too
quickly can have the quality of chaos (and can literally become
that), whereas too little change, no new ideas, too much form and
structure and protocol can suffocate and stifle. There has to be
a balance which "makes sense" and this "idea of balance" or
"making sense" is expressed in the sephira Tiphereth. It is an
instinctive morality, and it isn't present by default in the
human species. It isn't based on cultural norms; it doesn't have
its roots in upbringing (although it is easily destroyed by it).
Some people have it in a large measure, and some people are (to
all intents and purposes) completely lacking in it. It doesn't
necessarily respect conventional morality: it may laugh in its
face. I can't say what it is in any detail, because it is
peculiar and individual, but those who have it have a natural
quality of integrity, soundness of judgement, an instinctive
sense of rightness, justice and compassion, and a willingness to
fight or suffer in defense of that sense of justice. Tiphereth is
a paradoxical sephira because in many people it is simply not
there. It can be developed, and that is one of the goals of
initiation, but for many people Tiphereth is a room with nothing
in it. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 233 | Having passed through Gevurah on the Pillar of Form, and
found its way through the moral filter of Tiphereth, a creative
impulse picks up energy once more on the Pillar of Force via the
Sephira Netzach, where the energy of "becoming" finds its final
expression in the form of "vital urges". Why do we carry on
living? Why bother? What is it that compels us to do things? An
artist may have a vision of a piece of art, but what actually
compels the artist to paint or sculpt or write? Why do we want to
compete and win? Why do we care what happens to others? The
sephira Netzach expresses the basic vital creative urges in a
form we can recognize as drives, feelings and emotions. Netzach
is pre-verbal; ask a child why he wants a toy and the answer will
be "I just do". "But why," you ask, wondering why he doesn't want
the much more "sensible" toy you had in mind. "Why don't you want
this one here."
"I just don't. I want this one."
"But what's so good about that one."
"I don't know what to say...I just like it."
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261
This conversation is not fictitious and is quintessentially
Netzach. The structure of the Tree of Life posits that the basic
driving forces which characterize our behavior are pre-verbal
and non-rational; anyone who has tried to change another person's
basic nature or beliefs through force of rational argument will
know this.
After Netzach we go to the sephira Hod to pick up our last
cargo of Form. Ask a child why they want something and they say
"I just do". Press an adult and you will get an earful of
"reasons". We live in a culture where it is important (often
essential) to give reasons for the things we do, and Hod is the
sephira of form where it is possible to give shape to our wants
in terms of reasons and explanations. Hod is the sephira of
abstraction, reason, logic, language and communication, and a
reflection of the Mother of Form in the human mind. We have a
innate capacity to abstract, to go immediately from the
particular to the general, and we have an innate capacity to
communicate these abstractions using language, and it should be
clear why the alternative translation of Binah is
"intelligence"; Binah is the "intelligence of God", and Hod
underpins what we generally recognize as intelligence in people -
the ability to grasp complex abstractions, reason about them, and
articulate this understanding using some means of communication.
The synthesis of Hod and Netzach on the Pillar of
Consciousness is the sephira Yesod. Yesod is the sephira of
interface, and the comparison with computer peripheral interfaces
is an excellent one. Yesod is sometimes called "the Receptacle of
the Emanations", and it interfaces the emanations of all three
pillars to the sephira Malkuth, and it is through Yesod that the
final abstract form of something is realized in matter. Form in
Yesod is no longer abstract; it is explicit, but not yet
individual - that last quality is reserved for Malkuth alone.
Yesod is like the mold in a bottle factory - the mold is a
realization of the abstract idea "bottle" in so far as it
expresses the shape of a particular bottle design in every |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 234 | detail, but it is not itself an individual bottle.
The final step in the process is the sephira Malkuth, where
God becomes flesh, and every abstract form is realized in
actuality, in the "real world". There is much to say about this,
but I will keep it for later.
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The process I have described is called the Lightning Flash.
The Lightning Flash runs as follows: Kether, Chokhmah, Binah,
Chesed, Gevurah, Tiphereth, Netzach, Hod, Yesod, Malkuth, and if
you trace the Lightning Flash on a diagram of the Tree you will
see that it has the zig-zag shape of a lightning flash. The
sephiroth are numbered according to their order on the lightning
flash: Kether is 1, Chokhmah is 2, and so on. The "Sepher
Yetzirah" [2] has this to say about the sephiroth:
"When you think of the ten sephiroth cover your heart and
seal the desire of your lips to announce their divinity.
Yoke your mind. Should it escape your grasp, reach out and
bring it back under your control. As it was said, 'And the
living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a
flash of lightning,' in such a manner was the Covenant
created."
The quotation within the quotation comes from Ezekiel 1.14, a
text which inspired a large amount of early Cabalistic
speculation, and it is probable that the Lightning Flash as
described is one of the earliest components of the idea of
sephirothic emanation.
The Lightning Flash describes the creative process,
beginning with the unknown, unmanifest hidden God, and follows it
through ten distinct stages to a change in the material world. It
can be used to describe *any* change - lighting a match, picking
your nose, walking the dog - and novices are usually set the
exercise of analyzing any arbitrarily chosen event in terms of
the Lightning Flash. Because the Lightning Flash can be used to
understand the inner process whereby the material world of the
senses changes and evolves, it is a key to practical magical
work, and because it is intended to account for *all* change it
follows that all change is equally magical, and the word "magic"
is essentially meaningless (but nevertheless useful for
distinguishing between "normal" and "abnormal" states of
consciousness, and the modes of causality which pertain to each). |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 235 | It also follows that the key to understanding our "spiritual
nature" does not belong in the spiritual empyrean, where it
remains inaccessible, but in *all* the routine and unexciting
little things in life. Everything is equally "spiritual",
equally "divine", and there is more to be learned from picking
one's nose than there is in a spiritual discipline which puts you
"here" and God "over there". The Lightning Flash ends in Malkuth,
and it can be followed like a thread through the hidden pathways
of creation until one arrives back at the source. The next
chapter will retrace the Lightning Flash by examining the
qualities of each sephira in more detail.
[1] Scholem, Gershom G. "Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism",
Schoken Books 1974
[2] Westcott, W. Wynn, ed. "Sepher Yetzirah". Many reprintings.
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Chapter 4: The Sephiroth
========================
This chapter provides a detailed look at each of the ten
sephiroth and draws together material scattered over previous
chapters.
Malkuth
-------
Malkuth is the Cinderella of the sephiroth. It is the
sephira most often ignored by beginners, the sephira most often
glossed over in Cabalistic texts, and it is not only the most
immediate of the sephira but it is also the most complex, and for
sheer inscrutability it rivals Kether - indeed, there is a
Cabalistic aphorism that "Kether is in Malkuth, and Malkuth is
in Kether, but after another manner".
The word Malkuth means "Kingdom", and the sephira is the
culmination of a process of emanation whereby the creative power
of the Godhead is progressively structured and defined as it
moves down the Tree and arrives in a completed form in Malkuth.
Malkuth is the sphere of matter, substance, the real, physical
world. In the least compromising versions of materialist
philosophy (e.g. Hobbes) there is nothing beyond physical matter,
and from that viewpoint the Tree of Life beyond Malkuth does not
exist: our feelings of identity and self-consciousness are
nothing more than a by-product of chemical reactions in the
brain, and the mind is a complex automata which suffers from the
disease of metaphysical delusions. Kabbalah is *not* a
materialist model of reality, but when we examine Malkuth by
itself we find ourselves immersed in matter, and it is natural to
think in terms of physics, chemistry and molecular biology. The
natural sciences provide the most accurate models of matter and
the physical world that we have, and it would be foolishness of
the first order to imagine that Kabbalah can provide better
explanations of the nature of matter on the basis of a study of
the text of the Old Testament. Not that I under-rate the |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 236 | intuition which has gone into the making of Kabbalah over the
centuries, but for practical purposes the average university
science graduate knows (much) more about the material stuff of
the world than medieval Kabbalists, and a grounding in modern
physics is as good a way to approach Malkuth as any other.
For those who are not comfortable with physics there are
alternative, more traditional ways of approaching Malkuth. The
magical image of Malkuth is that of a young woman crowned and
throned. The woman is Malkah, the Queen, Kallah, the Bride. She
is the inferior mother, a reflection and realization of the
superior mother Binah. She is the Queen who inhabits the Kingdom,
and the Bride of the Microprosopus. She is Gaia, Mother Earth,
but of course she is not only the substance of this world; she is
the body of the entire physical universe.
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Some care is required when assigning Mother/Earth goddesses
to Malkuth, because some of them correspond more closely to the
superior mother Binah. There is a close and deep connection
between Malkuth and Binah which results in the two sephiroth
sharing similar correspondences, and one of the oldest
Cabalistic texts [1] has this to say about Malkuth:
"The title of the tenth path [Malkuth] is the Resplendent
Intelligence. It is called this because it is exalted above
every head from where it sits upon the throne of Binah. It
illuminates the numinosity of all lights and causes to
emanate the Power of the archetype of countenances or
forms."
One of the titles of Binah is Khorsia, or Throne, and the image
which this text provides is that Binah provides the framework
upon which Malkuth sits. We will return to this later. Binah
contains the potential of form in the abstract, while Malkuth is
is the fullest realization of form, and both sephiroth share the
correspondences of heaviness, limitation, finiteness, inertia,
avarice, silence, and death.
The female quality of Malkuth is often identified with the
Shekhinah, the female spirit of God in the creation, and
Cabalistic literature makes much of the (carnal) relationship of
God and the Shekhinah. Waite [7] mentions that the relationship
between God and Shekhinah is mirrored in the relationship between
man and woman, and provides a great deal of information on both
the Shekhinah and what he quaintly calls "The Mystery of Sex".
After the exile of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Kabbalists
identified their own plight with the fate of the Shekhinah, and
she is pictured as being cast out into matter in much the same
way as the Gnostics pictured Sophia, the outcast divine wisdom.
The doctrine of the Shekhinah within Kabbalah and within Judaism
as a whole is complex and it is something I don't feel competent
to comment further on; more information can be found in [3] & |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 237 | [7].
Malkuth is the sphere of the physical elements and
Kabbalists still use the four-fold scheme which dates back at
least as far as Empedocles and probably the Ark. The four
elements correspond to four readily-observable states of matter:
solid - earth
liquid - water
gas - air
plasma - fire/electric arc (lightning)
In addition it is not uncommon to include a fifth element so
rarified and arcane that most people (self included) are pushed
to say what it is; the fifth element is aethyr (or ether) and is
sometimes called spirit.
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The amount of material written about the elements is
enormous, and rather than reproduce in bulk what is relatively
well-known I will provide a rough outline so that those readers
who aren't familiar with Kabbalah will realize I am talking about
approximately the same thing as they have seen before. A detailed
description of the traditional medieval view of the four elements
can be found in "The Magus" [2]. The hierarchy of elemental
powers can be found in "777" [4] and in Golden Dawn material [5]
- I have summarized a few useful items below:
Element Fire Air Water Earth
God Name Elohim Jehovah Eheieh Agla
Archangel Michael Raphael Gabriel Uriel
King Djin Paralda Nichsa Ghob
Elemental Salamanders Sylphs Undines Gnomes
It amused me to notice that the section on the elemental kingdoms
in Farrar's "What Witches Do" [6] had been taken by Alex Saunders
lock, stock and barrel from traditional Cabalistic and CM
sources.
The elements in Malkuth are arranged as follows:
South
Fire
East Zenith Aethyr+ West
Air Nadir Aethyr- Water |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 238 | North
Earth
I have rotated the cardinal points through 180 degrees from their
customary directions so that it is easier to see how the elements
fit on the lower face of the Tree of Life:
Tiphereth
Fire
Hod Yesod Netzach
Air Aethyr Water
Malkuth
Earth
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It is important to distinguish between the elements in Malkuth,
where we are talking about real substance (the water in your
body, the breath in your lungs), and the elements on the Tree,
where we are using traditional correspondences *associated* with
the elements, e.g.:
Earth: solid, stable, practical, down-to-earth
Water: sensitive, intuitive, emotional, caring, fertile
Air: vocal, communicative, intellectual
Fire: energetic, daring, impetuous
Positive Aethyr: glue, binding, plastic
Negative Aethyr: unbinding, dissolution, disintegration
Aethyr or Spirit is enigmatic, and I tend to think of it in terms
of the forces which bind matter together. It is almost certainly
a coincidence (but nevertheless interesting) that there are four
fundamental forces - gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear
& strong nuclear - known to date, and current belief is that they
can be unified into one fundamental force. On a slightly more
arcane tack, Barret [2] has this to say about Aethyr:
"Now seeing that the soul is the essential form,
intelligible and incorruptible, and is the first mover of
the body, and is moved itself; but that the body, or matter,
is of itself unable and unfit for motion, and does very much
degenerate from the soul, it appears that there is a need of
a more excellent medium:- now such a medium is conceived to
be the spirit of the world, or that which some call a
quintessence; because it is not from the four elements, but
a certain first thing, having its being above and beside
them. There is, therefore, such a kind of medium required to |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 239 | be, by which celestial souls [e.g. forms] may be joined to
gross bodies, and bestow upon them wonderful gifts. This
spirit is in the same manner, in the body of the world, as
our spirit is in our bodies; for as the powers of our soul
are communicated to the members of the body by the medium of
the spirit, so also the virtue of the soul of the world is
diffused, throughout all things, by the medium of the
universal spirit; for there is nothing to be found in the
whole world that hath not a spark of the virtue thereof."
Aethyr underpins the elements like a foundation and its
attribution to Yesod should be obvious, particularly as it forms
the linking role between the ideoplastic world of "the Astral
Light" [8] and the material world. Aethyr is often thought to
come in two flavors - positive Aethyr, which binds, and negative
Aethyr, which unbinds. Negative Aethyr is a bit like the
Universal Solvent, and requires as much care in handling ;-}
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Working with the physical elements in Malkuth is one of the
most important areas of applied magic, dealing as it does with
the basic constituents of the real world. The physical elements
are tangible and can be experience in a very direct way through
recreations such as caving, diving, parachuting or firewalking;
they bite back in a suitably humbling way, and they provide CMs
with an opportunity to join the neo-pagans in the great outdoors.
Our bodies themselves are made from physical stuff, and there are
many Raja Yoga-like exercises which can be carried out using the
elements as a basis for work on the body. If you can stand his
manic intensity (Exercise 1: boil an egg by force of will) then
Bardon [9] is full of good ideas.
Malkuth is often associated with various kinds of intrinsic
evil, and to understand this attitude (which I do not share) it
is necessary to confront the same question as thirteenth century
Kabbalists: can God be evil? The answer to this question was
(broadly speaking) "yes", but Kabbalists have gone through many
strange gyrations in an attempt to avoid what was for many an
unacceptable conclusion. It was difficult to accept that famine,
war, disease, prejudice, hate, death could be a part of a perfect
being, and there had to be some way to account for evil which did
not contaminate divine perfection. One approach was to sweep evil
under the carpet, and in this case the carpet was Malkuth.
Malkuth became the habitation for evil spirits.
If one examines the structure of the Tree without prejudice
then it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that evil is quite
adequately accounted for, and there is no need to shuffle evil
to the periphery of the Tree like a cleaner without a dustpan.
The emanation of any sephirah from Chokhmah downwards can
manifest as good or evil depending on circumstances and the point
of view of those affected by the energy involved. This appears to
have been understood even at the time of the writing of the
"Zohar", where the mercy of God is constantly contrasted with the
severity of God, and the author makes it clear that one has to
balance the other - you cannot have the mercy without the
severity. On the other hand, the severity of God is persistently |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 240 | identified with the rigors of existence (form, finiteness,
limitation), and while it is true that many of the things which
have been identified with evil are a consequence of the
finiteness of things, of being finite beings in a world of finite
resources governed by natural laws with inflexible causality, it
not correct to infer (as some have) that form itself is
*intrinsically* evil.
The notion that form and matter are *intrinsically* evil, or
in some way imperfect or not a part of God, may have reached
Kabbalah from a number of sources. Scholem comments:
"The Kabbalah of the early thirteenth century was the
offspring of a union between an older and essentially
Gnostic tradition represented by the book "Bahir", and the
comparatively modern element of Jewish Neo-Platonism."
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There is the possibility that the Kabbalists of Provence (who
wrote or edited the "Sepher Bahir") were influenced by the
Cathars, a late form of Manicheanism. Whether the source was
Gnosticism, Neo-Platonism, Manicheanism or some combination of
all three, Kabbalah has imported a view of matter and form which
distorts the view of things portrayed by the Tree of Life, and so
Malkuth ends up as a kind of cosmic outer darkness, a bin for all
the dirt, detritus, broken sephira and dirty hankies of the
creation. Form is evil, the Mother of Form is female, women are
definitely and indubitably evil, and Malkuth is the most female
of the sephira, therefore Malkuth is most definitely evil...quod
erat demonstrandum. By the time we reach the time of S.L. Mathers
and the Golden Dawn there is a complete Tree of evil demonic
Klippoth *underneath* Malkuth as a reflection of the "good" Tree
above it. I believe this may have something to do with the fact
that meditations on Malkuth can easily become meditations on
Binah, and meditations on Binah have a habit of slipping into the
Abyss, and once in the Abyss it is easy to trawl up enough junk
to "discover" an averse Tree "underneath" Malkuth. This view of
the Klippoth, or Shells, as active, demonic evil has become
pervasive, and the more energy people put into the demonic Tree,
the less there is for the original. Abolish the Klippoth as
demonic forces, and the Tree of Life comes alive with its full
power of good *and* evil. The following quotation from Bischoff
[10] (speaking of the Sephiroth) provides a more rational view of
the Klippoth: |
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269
"Since their energy [of the sephiroth] shows three degrees
of strength (highest, middle and lowest degree), their
emanations group accordingly in sequence. We usually imagine
the image of a descending staircase. The Kabbalist
prefers to see this fact as a decreasing alienation of the
central primeval energy. Consequently any less perfect
emanation is to him the cover or shell (Klippah) of the
preceding, and so the last (furthest) emanations being the
so-called material things are the shell of the total and are
therefore called (in the actual sense) Klippoth."
This is my own view; the shell of something is the accretion of
form which it accumulates as energy comes down the Lightning
Flash. If the shell can be considered by itself then it is a dead
husk of something which could be alive - it preserves all the
structure but there is no energy in it to bring it alive. With
this interpretation the Klippoth are to be found everywhere: in
relationships, at work, at play, in ritual, in society. Whenever
something dies and people refuse to recognize that it is dead,
and cling to the lifeless husk of whatever it was, then you get a
Klippah. For this reason one of the vices of Malkuth is Avarice,
not only in the sense of trying to acquire material things, but
also in the sense of being unwilling to let go of anything, even
when it has become dead and worthless. The Klippah of Malkuth is
what you would get if the Sun went out: Stasis, life frozen into
immobility.
The other vice of Malkuth is Inertia, in the sense of
"active resistance to motion; sluggish; disinclined to move or
act". It is visible in most people at one time or another, and
tends to manifest when a task is new, necessary, but not
particularly exciting, there is no excitement or "natural energy"
to keep one fired up, and one has to keep on pushing right to the
finish. For this reason the obligation of Malkuth is (has
to be) self-discipline. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 242 | The virtue of Malkuth is Discrimination, the ability to
perceive differences. The ability to perceive differences is a
necessity for any living organism, whether a bacteria able to
sense the gradient of a nutrient or a kid working out how much
money to wheedle out of his parents. As Malkuth is the final
realization of form, it is the sphere where our ability to
distinguish between differences is most pronounced. The capacity
to discriminate is so fundamental to survival that it works
overtime and finds boundaries and distinctions everywhere - "you"
and "me", "yours" and "mine", distinctions of "property" and
"value" and "territory" which are intellectual abstractions on
one level (i.e. not real) and fiercely defended realities on
another (i.e. very real indeed). I am not going to attempt a
definition of real and unreal, but it is the case that much of
what we think of as real is unreal, and much of what we think of
as unreal is real, and we need the same discrimination which
leads us into the mire to lead us out again. Some people think
skin color is a real measure of intelligence; some don't. Some
people think gender is a real measure of ability; some don't.
Some people judge on appearances; some don't. There is clearly a
difference between a bottle of beer and a bottle of piss, but is
the color of the *bottle* important? What *is* important?
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What differences are real, what matters? How much energy do we devote
to things which are "not real". Am I able to perceive how much I
am being manipulated by a fixation on unreality? Are my goals in
life "real", or will they look increasingly silly and immature
as I grow older? For that matter, is Kabbalah "real"? Does it
provide a useful model of reality, or is it the remnant of a
world-view which should have been put to rest centuries ago? One
of the primary exercises of an initiate into Malkuth is a
thorough examination of the question "What is real?".
The Spiritual Experience of Malkuth is variously the
Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel (HGA), or
the Vision of the HGA (depending on who you believe). I vote for
the Vision of the HGA in Malkuth, and the Knowledge and
Conversation in Tiphereth. What is the HGA? According to the
Gnosticism of Valentinus each person has a guardian angel who
accompanies that individual throughout their life and reveals the
gnosis; the angel is in a sense the divine Self. This belief is
identical to what I was taught by the person who taught me
Kabbalah, so some part of Gnosticism lives on. The current
tradition concerning the HGA almost certainly entered the Western
Esoteric Tradition as a consequence of S.L. Mather's translation
[11] of "The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage",
which contains full details of a lengthy ritual to attain the
Knowledge and Conversation of the HGA. This ritual has had an
important influence on twentieth century magicians and it is
often attempted and occasionally completed.
The powers of Malkuth are invoked by means of the names
Adonai ha Aretz and Adonai Melekh, which mean "Lord of the World"
and "The Lord who is King" respectively. The power is transmitted
through the world of Creation by the archangel Sandalphon, who is
sometimes referred to as "the Long Angel", because his feet are
in Malkuth and his head in Kether, which gives him an opportunity
to chat to Metatron, the Angel of the Presence. The angel order
is the Ashim, or Ishim, sometimes translated as the "souls of |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 243 | fire", supposedly the souls of righteous men and women.
In concluding this section on Malkuth, it worth emphasizing that
I have chosen deliberately not to explore some major topics
because there are sufficient threads for anyone with an interest
to pick up and follow for themselves. The image of Malkuth as
Mother Earth provides a link between Kabbalah and a numinous
archetype with a deep significance for some. The image of Malkuth
as physical substance provides a link into the sciences, and it
is the case that at the limits of theoretical physics one's
intuitions seem to be slipping and sliding on the same reality as
in Kabbalah. The image of Malkuth as the sphere of the elements
is the key to a large body of practical magical technique which
varies from yoga-like concentration on the bodily elements, to
nature-oriented work in the great outdoors. Lastly, just as the
design of a building reveals much about its builders, so Malkuth
can reveal a great deal about Kether - the bottom of the Tree and
the top have much in common.
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References:
[1] Westcott, W. Wynn, ed. "Sepher Yetzirah", many editions.
[2] Barrett, Francis, "The Magus", Citadel 1967.
[3] Scholem, Gershom G., "Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism",
Schocken 1974
[4] Crowley, A, "777", an obscure reprint.
[5] Regardie, Israel, "The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic",
Falcon, 1984.
[6] Farrar, Stewart, "What Witches Do", Peter Davies 1971.
[7] Waite, A.E, "The Holy Kabbalah", Citadel.
[8] Levi, Eliphas, "Transcendental Magic", Rider, 1969.
[9] Bardon, Franz, "Initiation into Hermetics", Dieter
Ruggeberg 1971
[10] Bischoff, Dr. Erich, "The Kabbala", Weiser 1985.
[11] Mathers, S.L., "The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin
the Mage", Dover 1975. |
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Chapter 4: The Sephiroth (continued)
========================
This chapter provides a detailed look at each of the ten
sephiroth and draws together material scattered over previous
chapters.
Yesod
-----
Yesod means "foundation", and that is what Yesod is: it is
the hidden infrastructure whereby the emanations from the
remainder of the Tree are transmitted to the sephira Malkuth.
Just as a large building has its air-conditioning ducts, service
tunnels, conduits, electrical wiring, hot and cold water pipes,
attic spaces, lift shafts, winding rooms, storage tanks, a
telephone exchange etc, so does the Creation, and the external,
visible world of phenomenal reality rests (metaphorically
speaking) upon a hidden foundation of occult machinery.
Meditations on the nature of Yesod tend to be full of secret
tunnels and concealed mechanisms, as if the Creation was a Gothic
mansion with a secret door behind every mirror, a passage in
every wall, a pair of hidden eyes behind every portrait, and a
subterranean world of forgotten tunnels leading who knows where.
For this reason the Spiritual Experience of Yesod is aptly named
"The Vision of the Machinery of the Universe".
Many Yesod correspondences reinforce this notion of a
foundation, of something which lies behind, supports and gives
shape to phenomenal reality. The magical image of Yesod is of "a
beautiful naked man, very strong". The image which springs to
mind is that of a man with the world resting on his shoulders,
like one of the misrepresentations of the Titan Atlas (who
actually held up the heavens, not the world). The angel order of
Yesod is the Cherubim, the Strong Ones, the archangel is Gabriel,
the Strong or Mighty One of God, and the God-name is Shaddai el
Chai, the Almighty Living God. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 245 | The idea of a foundation suggests that there is a substance
which lies behind physical matter and "in-forms it" or "holds it
together", something less structured, more plastic, more refined
and rarified, and this "fifth element" is often called aethyr. I
will not attempt to justify aethyr in terms of current physics
(the closest concept I have found is the hypothesized Higgs
field); it is a convenient handle on a concept which has enormous
intuitive appeal to many magicians, who, when asked how magic
works, tend to think in terms of a medium which is directly
receptive to the will, something which is plastic and can be
shaped through concentration and imagination, and which transmits
their artificially created forms into reality. Eliphas Levi
called this medium the "Astral Light". It is also natural to
imagine that mind, consciousness, and the soul have their
habitation in this substance, and there are volumes detailing the
properties of the "Etheric Body", the "Astral Body", the "Causal
Body" [1,2] and so on. I don't take this stuff too seriously, but
I do like to work with the kind of natural intuitions which occur
spontaneously and independently in a large number of people -
there is power in these intuitions - and it is a mistake to
invalidate them because they sound cranky. When I talk about
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aethyr or the Astral Light, I mean there is an ideoplastic
substance which is subjectively real to many magicians, and
explanations of magic at the level of Yesod revolve around
manipulating this substance using desire, imagination and will.
The fundamental nature of Yesod is that of *interface*; it
interfaces the rest of the Tree of Life to Malkuth. The interface
is bi-directional; there are impulses coming down from Kether,
and echoes bouncing back from Malkuth. The idea of interface is
illustrated in the design of a computer system: a computer with a
multitude of worlds hidden within it is a source of heat and
repair bills unless it has peripheral interfaces and device
drivers to interface the world outside the computer to the world
"inside" it; add a keyboard and a mouse and a monitor and a
printer and you have opened the door into another reality. Our
own senses have the same characteristic of being a bi-directional
interface through which we experience the world, and for this
reason the senses correspond to Yesod, and not only the five
traditional senses - the "sixth sense" and the "second sight" are
given equal status, and so Yesod is also the sphere of
instinctive psychism, of clairvoyance, precognition, divination
and prophecy. It is also clear from accounts of lucid dreaming
(and personal experience) that we possess the ability to perceive
an inner world as vividly as the outer, and so to Yesod belongs
the inner world of dreams, daydreams and vivid imagination, and
one of the titles of Yesod is "The Treasure House of Images". |
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274
To Yesod is attributed Levanah, the Moon, and the lunar
associations of tides, flux and change, occult influence, and
deeply instinctive and sometimes atavistic behavior -
possession, mediumship, lycanthropy and the like. Although
Yesod is the foundation and it has associations with strength, it
is by no means a rigid scaffold supporting a world in stasis.
Yesod supports the world just as the sea supports all the life
which lives in it and sails upon it, and just as the sea has its
irresistible currents and tides, so does Yesod. Yesod is the most
"occult" of the sephiroth, and next to Malkuth it is the most
magical, but compared with Malkuth its magic is of a more subtle,
seductive, glamorous and ensnaring kind. Magicians are drawn to
Yesod by the idea that if reality rests on a hidden foundation,
then by changing the foundation it is possible to change the
reality. The magic of Yesod is the magic of form and appearance,
not substance; it is the magic of illusion, glamour,
transformation, and shape-changing. The most sophisticated
examples of this are to be found in modern marketing, advertising
and image consultancies. I do not jest. My tongue is not even
slightly in my cheek. The following quote was taken from this
morning's paper [3]:
Although the changes look cosmetic, those responsible for
creating corporate image argue that a redesign of a
company's uniform or name is just the visible sign of a much
larger transformation.
"The majority of people continue to misunderstand and think
that it is just a logo, rather than understanding that a
corporate identity programme is actually concerned with the
very commercial objective of having a strong personality and
single-minded, focussed direction for the whole
organization, " said Fiona Gilmore, managing director of the
design company Lewis Moberly. "It's like planting an acorn
and then a tree grows. If you create the right *foundation*
(my itals) then you are building a whole culture for the |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 247 | future of an organization."
I don't know what Ms. Gilmore studies in her spare time, but the
idea that it is possible to manipulate reality by manipulating
symbols and appearances is entirely magical. The same article on
corporate identity continues as follows:
"The scale of the BT relaunch is colossal. The new logo will
be painted on more than 72,000 vehicles and trailers, as
well as 9,000 properties.
The company's 92,000 public payphones will get new decals,
and its 90 shops will have to changed, right down to the
yellow door handles. More than 50,000 employees are likely
to need new uniforms or "image clothing".
Note the emphasis on *image*. The company in question (British
Telecom) is an ex-public monopoly with an appalling customer
relations problem, so it is changing the color of its
door handles! This is Yesodic magic on a gigantic scale.
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The image manipulators gain most of their power from the
mass-media. The mass-media correspond to two sephiroth: as a
medium of communication they belong in Hod, but as a foundation
for our perception of reality they belong in Yesod. Nowadays most
people form their model of what the world (in the large) is like
via the media. There are a few individuals who travel the world
sufficiently to have a model based on personal experience, but
for most people their model of what most of the world is like is
formed by newspapers, radio and television; that is, the media
have become an extended (if inaccurate) instrument of perception.
Like our "normal" means of perception the media are highly
selective in the variety and content of information provided, and
they can be used by advertising agencies and other manipulative
individuals to create foundations for new collective realities.
While on the subject of changing perception to assemble new
realities, the following quote by "Don Juan" [4] has a definite
Cabalistic flavour:
"The next truth is that perception takes place," he went on,
"because there is in each of us an agent called the
assemblage point that selects internal and external
emanations for alignment. The particular alignment that we
perceive as the world is the product of a specific spot
where our assemblage point is located on our cocoon."
One of the titles of Yesod is "The Receptacle of the Emanations",
and its function is precisely as described above - Yesod is the
assemblage point which assembles the emanations of the internal
and the external.
In addition to the deliberate, magical manipulation of
foundations, there are other important areas of magic relevant to
Yesod. Raw, innate psychism is an ability which tends to improve
as more attention is devoted to creative visualization, focussed
meditation (on Tarot cards for example), dreams (e.g. keeping a |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 248 | dream diary), and divination. Divination is an important
technique to practice even if you feel you are terrible at it
(and especially if you think it is nonsense), because it
reinforces the idea that it is permissible to "let go" and
intuits meanings into any pattern. Many people have difficulty
doing this, feeling perhaps that they will be swamped with
unreason (recalling Freud's fear, expressed to Jung, of needing a
bulwark against the "black mud of occultism"), when in reality
their minds are swamped with reason and could use a holiday. Any
divination system can be used, but systems which emphasize pure
intuition are best (e.g. Tarot, runes, tea-leaves, flights of
birds, patterns on the wallpaper, smoke. I heard of a Kabbalist
who threw a cushion into the air and carried out divination on
the basis of the number of pieces of foam stuffing which fell
out). Because Yesod is a kind of aethyric reflection of the
physical world, the image of and precursor to reality, mirrors
are an important tool for Yesod magic. Quartz crystals are also
used, probably because of the use of crystal balls for
divination, but also because quartz crystal and amethyst have a
peculiarly Yesodic quality in their own right. The average New
Age shop filled with crystals, Tarot cards, silver jewelry (lunar
association), perfumes, dreamy music, and all the glitz, glamour
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and glitter of a demonic magpie's nest, is like a temple to
Yesod. Mirrors and crystals are used passively as foci for
receptivity, but they can also be used actively for certain kinds
of aethyric magic - there is an interesting book on making and
using magic mirrors which builds on the kind of elemental magical
work carried out in Malkuth [5].
Yesod has an important correspondence with the sexual
organs. The correspondence occurs in three ways. The first way is
that when the Tree of Life is placed over the human body, Yesod
is positioned over the genitals. The author of the Zohar is quite
explicit about "the remaining members of the Microprosopus", to
the extent that the relevant paragraphs in Mather's translation
of "The Lesser Holy Assembly" remain in Latin to avoid offending
Victorian sensibilities.
The second association of Yesod with the genitals arises
from the union of the Microprosopus and his Bride. This is
another recurring theme in Kabbalah, and the symbolism is complex
and refers to several distinct ideas, from the relationship
between man and wife to an internal process within the body of
God: e.g [6].
"When the Male is joined with the Female, they both
constitute one complete body, and all the Universe is in a
state of happiness, because all things receive blessing from
their perfect body. And this is an Arcanum."
or, referring to the Bride:
"And she is mitigated, and receiveth blessing in that place
which is called the Holy of Holies below."
or, referring to the "member":
"And that which floweth down into that place where it is |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 249 | congregated, and which is emitted through that most holy
Yesod, Foundation, is entirely white, and therefore is it
called Chesed.
Thence Chesed entereth into the Holy of Holies; as it is
written Ps. cxxxiii. 3 'For there Tetragrammaton commanded
the blessing, even life for evermore.'"
It is not difficult to read a great deal into paragraphs like
this, and there are many more in a similar vein. Suffice to say
that the Microprosopus is often identified with the sephira
Tiphereth, the Bride is the sephira Malkuth, and the point of
union between them is obviously Yesod.
The third and more abstract association between Yesod and
the sexual organs arises because the sexual organs are a
mechanism for perpetuating the *form* of a living organism. In
order to get close to what is happening in sexual reproduction it
is worth asking the question "What is a computer program?". Well,
a computer program indisputably begins as an idea; it is not a
material thing. It can be written down in various ways; as an
abstract specification in set theoretic notation akin to pure
mathematics, or as a set of recursive functions in lambda
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calculus; it could be written in several different high level
languages - Pascal, C, Prolog, LISP, ADA, ML etc. Are they all
they same program? Computer scientists wrestle with this problem:
can we show that two different programs written in two different
languages are in some sense functionally identical? It isn't
trivial to do this because it asks fundamental questions about
language (any language) and meaning, but it is possible in
limited cases to produce two apparently different programs
written in different languages and assert that they are
identical. Whatever the program is, it seems to exist
independently of any particular language, so what is the program
and where is it? Let us ignore that chestnut and go on to the
next level. Suppose we write the program down. We could do it
with a pencil. We could punch holes in paper. We could plant
trees in a pattern in a field. We can line up magnetic domains.
We can burn holes in metal foil. I could have it tattooed on my
back. We can transform it into radically different forms (that is
what compilers and assemblers do). It obviously isn't tied to any
physical representation either. What about the computer it runs
on? Well, it could be a conventional one made with CMOS chips
etc.....but aren't there a lot of different kinds and makes of
computer, and they can all run the same program. It is also quite
practical to build computers which *don't* use electrons - you
could use mechanics or fluids or ball bearings - all you need to
do is produce something with the functionality of a Turing
machine, and that isn't hard. So not only is the program not tied
to any particular physical representation, but the same goes for
the computer itself, and what we are left with is two puffs of
smoke. On another level this is crazy; computers are real, they
do real things in the real world, and the programs which make
them work are obviously real too....aren't they?
Now apply the same kind of scrutiny to living organisms, and
the mechanism of reproduction. Take a good look at nucleic acids,
enzymes, proteins etc., and ask the same kind of questions. I am
not implying that life is a sort of program, but what I am
suggesting is that if you try to get close to what constitutes a |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 250 | living organism you end up with another puff of smoke and a
handful of atoms which could just as well be ball-bearings or
fluids or....The thing that is being perpetuated through sexual
reproduction is something quite abstract and immaterial; it is an
abstract form preserved and encoded in a particular pattern of
chemicals, and if I was asked which was more real, the transient
collection of chemicals used, or the abstract form itself, I
would answer "the form". But then, I am a programmer, and I would
say that.
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I find it astonishing that there are any hard-core
materialists left in the world. All the important stuff seems to
exist at the level of puffs of smoke, what Kabbalists call form.
Roger Penrose, one of the most eminent mathematicians living has
this to say [7]:
"I have made no secret of the fact that my sympathies lie
strongly with the Platonic view that mathematical truth is
absolute, external and eternal, and not based on man-made
criteria; and that mathematical objects have a timeless
existence of their own, not dependent on human society nor
on particular physical objects."
"Ah Ha!" cry the materialists, "At least the atoms are
real." Well, they are until you start pulling them apart with
tweezers and end up with a heap of equations which turn out to be
the linguistic expression of an idea. As Einstein said, "The most
incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is
comprehensible", that is, capable of being described in some
linguistic form.
I am not trying to convince anyone of the "rightness" of the
Cabalistic viewpoint. What I am trying to do is show that the
process whereby form is impressed on matter (the relationship
between Yesod and Malkuth) is not arcane, theosophical mumbo-
jumbo; it is an issue which is alive and kicking, and the closer
we get to "real things" (and that certainly includes living
organisms), the better the Cabalistic model (that form precedes
manifestation, that there is a well-defined process of formation
with the "real world" as an outcome) looks.
The illusion of Yesod is security, the kind of security which
forms the foundation of our personal existence in the world. On a
superficial level our security is built out of relationships, a
source of income, a place to live, a vocation, personal power and
influence etc, but at a deeper level the foundation of personal
identity is built on a series of accidents, encounters and |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 251 | influences which create the illusion of who we are, what we
believe in, and what we stand for. There is a warm, secure
feeling of knowing what is right and wrong, of doing the right
thing, of living a worthwhile life in the service of worthwhile
causes, of having a uniquely privileged vantage point from which
to survey the problems of life (with all the intolerance and
incomprehension of other people which accompanies this insight),
and conversely there are feelings of despair, depression, loss of
identity, and existential terror when a crack forms in the
illusion, and reality shows through - Castaneda calls it "the
crack in the world". The smug, self-perpetuating illusion which
masquerades as personal identity at the level of Yesod is the
most astoundingly difficult thing to shift or destroy. It fights
back with all the resources of the personality, it will
enthusiastically embrace any ally which will help to shore up its
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defenses - religious, political or scientific ideology;
psychological, sociological, metaphysical and theosophical
claptrap (e.g. Kabbalah); the law and popular morality; in fact,
any beliefs which give it the power to retain its identity,
uniqueness and integrity. Because this parasite of the soul uses
religion (and its esoteric offshoots) to sustain itself they have
little or no power over it and become a major part of the
problem.
There are various ways of overcoming this personal demon
(Carroll [8], in an essay on the subject, calls it Choronzon),
and the two I know best are the cataclysmic and the abrasive. The
first method involves a shock so extreme that it is impossible to
be the same person again, and if enough preparation has gone
before then it is possible to use the shock to rebuild oneself.
In some cases this doesn't happen; I have noticed that many
people with very rigid religious beliefs talk readily about
having suffered traumatic experiences, and the phenomenon of
hysterical conversion among soldiers suffering from war neuroses
is well known. The other method, the abrasive, is to wear away
the demon of self-importance, to grind it into nothing by doing
(for example) something for someone else for which one receives
no thanks, praise, reward, or recognition. The task has to be big
enough and awful enough to become a demon in its own right and
induce all the correct feelings of compulsion (I have to do
this), helplessness (I'll never make it), indignation (what's
the point, it's not my problem anyway), rebellion (I won't, I
won't, not anymore), more compulsion (I can't give up), self-pity
(how did I get into this?), exhaustion (Oh No! Not again!),
despair (I can't go on), and finally a kind of submission when
one's demon hasn't the energy to put up a struggle any more and
simply gives up. The woman who taught me Kabbalah used both the
cataclysmic and the abrasive methods on her students with
malicious glee - I will discuss this in more detail in the
section on Tiphereth.
The virtue of Yesod is independence, the ability to make our |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 252 | own foundations, to continually rebuild ourselves, to reject the
security of comfortable illusions and confront reality without
blinking.
The vice of Yesod is idleness. This can be contrasted with
the inertia of Malkuth. A stone is inert because it lacks the
capacity to change, but in most circumstances people can change
and can't be bothered. At least, not today. Yesod has a dreamy,
illusory, comfortable, *seductive* quality, as in the Isle of the
Lotus Eaters - how else could we live as if death and personal
annihilation only happened to other people?
The Klippothic aspect of Yesod occurs when foundations are
rotten and disintegrating and only the superficial appearance
remains unchanged - Dorian Gray springs to mind, or cases where
the brain is damaged and the body remains and carries out basic
instinctive functions, but the person is dead as far as other
people are concerned. Organizations are just as prone to this as
people.
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280
[1] A.E. Powell, "The Etheric Double", Theosophical Publishing
House, 1925
[2] A.E. Powell, "The Astral Body", Theosophical Publishing
House, 1927
[3] "It's the Image Men We Answer To", The Sunday Times, 6th.
Jan 1991
[4] Castenada, Carlos, "The Fire from Within", Black Swan, 1985.
[5] N. R. Clough, "How to Make and Use Magic Mirrors", Aquarian
1977
[6] S.L. Mathers, "The Kabbalah Unveiled", Routledge & Kegan Paul
1981
[7] Roger Penrose, "The Emperor's New Mind", Oxford University
Press 1989
[8] Peter J. Carroll, "Psychonaut", Samuel Weiser 1987.
Copyright Colin Low 1991 |
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281
Footprints in the Chamber - Towards a Quantum Qabbala,
by Fra.: +0-
The Qabbala has through the ages been used as a directory towards
the understanding of the universe and man`s relationship to it.
Since former Aeons of magick have had their perceptions rooted in
the observance of simple cause and effect relationships, the Qabbala
itself, having attained its nascence in the earlier traditions, was
unfortunately bogged down by this limited apprehension of the
universe. Here mathematics as used in a more or less Pythagorean
context provide a sort of key with which to approach the
unfathomable nature of human consciousness.
To this very day there are groups which still adhere to and openly
practice the more traditional ramifications of Qabbalistic
principles which are still firmly rooted in the mire of Nineteenth
Century Newton-sewed-it-all-up-there-are-no-more-mysteries physics.
But of course, owing to the leaps and bounds acquired by a very
unpredictable but consistent quantum model of reality as observed in
our laboratories, this simplistic view is necessarily obsolete. We
no longer live, we have learned (if indeed we ever did) in a simple
cause and effect universe where the source can always be gleaned
from observable effect. For the same reasons, Newtonian-based magic
must give way to a more quantum model. Newton`s apple must now take
into consideration Heisenberg`s Uncertainty Principle. The secret
wisdom must follow suit towards quantumization.
Another unfortunate tendency of some modern practioners of Qabbala
is to continue to regard everything from the standpoint of the
Demiurge, Yahweh, which of course is the basis of the now obsolete
(and dangerous) Judeo-Christian foundation of religious thought
which has held western civilization in its thrall for about two
thousand years. Personally I find it amazing that modern
practioners, who despite no real Semitic disposition still practice
an unmistakably orthodox Jewish mysticism. It was Aleister Crowley, |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 254 | that great Qabbalistic agent provocateur, who initiated the process
of liberating the Qabbala from its otherwise Judaic orientation.
(This is not anti-semitism but a necessary step towards individual
development. It must also be stated that a Qabbala had been in use
centuries earlier by the Egyptians. The Jews merely adopted it to
their own religious precepts. They didn`t invent it. The actual
origin most likely predates Egyptian history.)
Crowley emphasized that the enlightened magician must, after careful
study and application of his knowledge, develop his own Qabbalistic
framework. By virtue of this the magician has arrived at a more
chaotic paradigm in opposition to a purely empirical view. Crowley,
by adapting the Qabbala to a Thelemic context initiated that first
leap forward into the quantum age. Thus, the foundation for a more
quantum/chaotic system was lain.
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I would like now to redefine the secret wisdom in terms of
quantumization as follows:
"The Qabbala is a table of observed synchronicities wherein multi-
dimensional potentia overlap into the field of perception implying a
correlation/interaction as perceived on a three-dimensional plane."
The sum of the parts of the whole is determined by conceptual
visualization and the observer`s ostensible observation thereof. It
is therefore merely a perceptual tool for perceiving hidden meaning
in the world determined entirely by the perceived-perception of the
perciper (in the language of Satre), which will alter its form and
content (via expansion and contradiction) according to the
percipere`s own innate tendencies.
The qabbala is no longer merely a mathematical construct of an
ordered universe as conceived by divine will. Instead it becomes a
kind of computerized network of extra-sensory information. Even the
idea of a prima causa itself may be inadequate as well. This idea is
based solely upon a linear time frame and is therefore a corollary
of our erroneous perception of time whose actual nature may tend
more towards the cyclical. Primitive man, for example was very well
aware of this fact, and acted in accordance with it. (This may have
to do with primitive people being more in tune with their own
circadian rhythms. This expresses a more lunar-intuitive cycle
rather than our own solar one.) If perception of time is based upon
natural rhythms which effect the body coupled with our observance of
nature, then our concept of time is entirely contrary to what nature
itself is telling us. We are thus unaligned with a proper time
framework. Since a cycle is essentially a circle, no beginning or
ending can be found. And, it is already been theorized that there
are other dimensions of reality in which time as we know it (in a
durational, linear sense of perception) simply cannot exist.
The universe has again and again defied our attempts a definable
order upon it. Yet, mysteriously it does seem to act intelligently,
even though this cannot be grasped by a rigid point A to point B |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 255 | structure. What emerges is a kind of chaotic mandala structure, and
it is the task of quantum qabbalism to apprehend, as much as is
possible, the interior of this structure. This opens the doors to
practical mysticism as opposed to impractical mysticism. The qabbala
must then be updated to accommodate this vital realization in regard
to its properties of being able to regulate perceptive awareness via
interacting forces springing from more or less hidden dimensions
whose effect is known but not the cause.
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The understanding of the intention of creation is a product of the
mind of the qabbalist himself. The fabric of reality is thereby
flexible, effected by his own experience of it, and in turn, this
experience determines his perception of it, which is altered by the
interaction of these elements, more clearly understood as a
transaction. In other words, one perceives his environment and that
environment by virtue of one`s perception of it begins to act
accordingly to the reality model which is believed to be true. This
could be described as a kind of Copenhagen Interpretation as applied
to qabbalistic principles. The qabbalist then shares a unique
position of receiving qabbalistic impressions via observable
systematic synchronicities by means of inclination represented in
his own psyche. These impressions will translate back as meaningful
data insofar as the transaction between observer and the observed
becomes enacted. His perception modifies the universe and in turn,
the universe modifies his perception. (This can serve as a
representation of the union of microprosopus and macroprosopus.) The
feedback of this required information will be meaningful to him
alone as it is a byproduct of his own psychic field. He becomes a
kind of decoder of esoteric information which he has learned to
process.
From this quantum/chaos framework the qabbala can be regarded as a
four (or five) dimensional transaction as revealed in the mundane
world, whereby an enriched quality of information provides the key
to a higher understanding of the universe and of oneself, provided
the person in question is capable of processing this information.
From this perspective, ghosts, poltergeists, and other enigmas of
paranormal phenomena can be understood as failed communication or
remnants of a highly coded system which hasn`t been solved. The
problem arises when one dimension fails to adequately "translate"
into another. You might term this the Tower of Babel Effect. The
information being received is misinterpreted due to inadequate tools
of reception and perhaps an inability to use tools properly. There
is also a basic misunderstanding of what this information means and |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 256 | to what extent the source can be determined. This is a little like
trying to demonstrate fourth dimension physics by a purely three
dimensional means. The instances of paranormal phenomena as
described above, may be due to a discrepancy of overlapping
dimensions which allows for a greater margin of error which impedes
effective communication between the dimensions themselves. One is
reminded of Plato`s parable of the cave, wherein the shadows of the
things observed on the wall of the cave are mistaken for reality
itself. Granted, a shadow does resemble the object projecting it,
but it is hardly the object itself. It is the task of the quantum
qabbalist to make allowances for this margin of interpretive
miscalculation by preparing for it in advance and thus integrating
this possible glitch into his qabbalistic computer. He makes
allowances for this possible occurrence of organizational entropy and
thus he is able to use it to his advantage.
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The idea of a qabbala based upon an exploration of prima causa is no
longer valid in the quantum age. The quantumized qabbalist learns to
regard himself in the mirror of chaos. For him, the old Gnostic
dictum of "there is no part of me which is not of the gods", is
literally true. His "Tree of Life" is based squarely upon the
apprehension of his own enigmatic existence. He is more interested
in a practical application of his qabbalistic ideas and principles
for himself and others, than a cosmological game of hide and seek
wherein one searches for a prima causa "God" figure. But even for
this, he has an explanation: By careful observation of himself
within the mirror of chaos he has learned that the miracle of
creation is somehow a byproduct of his own consciousness and that he
has played an inexplicable role in the very act itself. ("Did ye not
know that ye were gods?") Joyously he has found that the tracks of
God etched across the illimitable sands of time in the accelerated
particle chambers of his own expanding consciousness. Thus has he
learned to adore the divine mystery of existence donning the masks
of creation. |
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The Dark Night of the Soul
Fra.: Apfelmann
"The Dark Night of the Soul" is the name given to that experience of
spiritual desolation that all students of the Occult pass through at
one time or another. It is sometimes characterized by feelings that
your occult studies or practices are not taken you anywhere, that
the initial success that one is sometimes granted after a few months
of occult working, has suddenly dried up. There comes a desire to
give up on everything, to abandon exercises and meditation, as
nothing seems to be working. St.John of the Cross. a christian
mystic, said of this experience, that it;
"...puts the sensory spiritual appetites to sleep, deadens them,
and deprives them of the ability to find pleasure in anything.
It binds the imagination, and impedes it from doing any good
discursive work. It makes the memory cease, the intellect become
dark and unable to understand anything, and hence it causes the
will to become arid and constrained, and all the faculties empty
and useless. And over this hangs a dense and burdensome cloud,
which afflicts the soul, and keeps it withdrawn from the good."
Though the beginner may view the onset of such an experience with
alarm (I know I did), the "Dark Night" is not something bad or
destructive. In one sense it may be seen as a trial, a test by which
the Gods examine our resolve to continue with occult work, and if
you are not completely whole-hearted about your magical studies, it
is during this period (at its beginning) that you will give up. The
Dark Night of the Soul should be welcomed, once recognized for
what it is (I have always received an innate "warning" just before
the onset of such a period), as a person might welcome an operation
that will secure health and well-being. St.John of the Cross embraced
the soul`s Dark Night as a Divine Appointment, calling it a period
of "sheer grace" and adding;
"O guiding Night,
O Night more lovely than Dawn,
O Night that has united the lover with his beloved |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 258 | Transforming the Lover in her Beloved."
When entering the Dark Night one is overcome by a sense of spiritual
dryness and depression. The notion, in some quarters, that all such
experiences should be avoided, for a peaceful existence, shows up
the superficiality of so much of contemporary living. The Dark Night
is a way of bringing the Soul to stillness, so that deep psychic
transformation may take place. All distractions must be set aside,
and it is no good attempting to fight or channel the bursts of raw
energy that from time to time may course through your being. This
inner compulsion to set everything aside results in the outer
depression, when nothing seems to excite.
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The only thing to do is obey your inner voice and become still,
waiting for the inner transformation, (which the "Dark Night"
heralds), to take place. You may not be aware for a very long time
of the results of that inner change, but when the desire to work
comes again and the depression lifts, the Dark Night has (for a
moment) passed. No one can help during this time, and in many cases
there is hardly anyone to turn for advice. One must disregard the
well-meaning advice of family and friends to "snap out of it" this
is no ordinary depression, but a deep spiritual experience which
only those who have passed through themselves (in other words to a
magical retreat) but for many, as the routines of everyday life
prohibits this, all you can do is cultivate an inner solitude, a
stillness and silence of heart, and wait, (like a chrysalis waits
for the inner changes that will result in a butterfly) for the
Transformation to work itself out. There are many such "Dark Nights"
that the occult seeker must pass through during the mysterious
process of mitigation. They are all trials but experience teaches
one to cope more efficiently.
With fractalic greetings and laughter * Fra.: Apfelmann * |
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Weaving Webs
Fra.: Apfelmann
The Mantra Web is a very simple and effective technique for using
sonics in a group. Choose a mantra with a number of syllables
corresponding to the numbers of operators, eg. IAO for 3 people. The
operators should link hands, left palm up and right palm down, and
slowly start to circle clockwise, each vibrating their syllable. As
this is done the operators should each project a thread of light
from their Solar Plexus (Manipura chakra) to a central focal point.
The color(s) of the threads of light should be determined before
the operation according to its purpose and the current beliefs of
the operators. As the speed and resonance of the mantra is built up
over a period of time, so the web is empowered, until a climax is
reached and the web energy directed by a pre-specified operator to
its purpose. This is just a sketchy outline of the technique, which
obviously can be used for much more than this. Some of the more
common uses for this technique include healing (with the individual
in the center at the focus, crystals would also boost the energy
levels); sexual magick (with operator(s) in the center and, if
possible, the climax timed accordingly); empowering sigils, and so
on.
If the operators vibrate their syllable alternately instead of
together, the mantra will spin around the circle and have a
positively disorienting effect on the operators.
It is important that the operators visualize their thread of light
continuously, and not just when vibrating their mantra syllable. I
particularly recommend this technique for outdoor use, especially at
suitably aspected power sites. However, if you are using a stone
circle or any other site of magick, please do think about what
aspects the site has, and preferably visit beforehand to achieve
some rapport with the site.
With fractalic greetings and laughter * Fra.: Apfelmann * |
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Supradimensionality Part I
by Fra. Forovius
The Quest for Unknown ENNEAD:
Supradimensionality itself cannot be experienced directly; our
senses are not equipped for it. We are used to aligning our
consciousness with the three space dimensions, and these proceed
along the dimension of time. Whereas we can move freely in space, we
experience the dimension of time as a continuum that goes inevitably
in one direction - from past to future, with no return. People often
lay all their hopes and theories on some new, fourth or fifth, or
whatever, dimension, when they are confronted with supernatural
phenomena and ask themselves where it all came from. At the very least
science fiction novels tend to overstress supradimensions; as a source
of UFOs, for example, or of inexhaustible energy sources and similar
things. In this article I would like to try out a little mind
experiment with you to see if we might get a feeling for what it could
be like if a gate opens to other dimensions. Let`s take a look:
In answering the question about the meaning of the word "dimension",
we should leave out all overburdened explanations, be it SciFi or
traditional mathematics. Mathematics is a perfect symbolic language(!)
for the relationships of numbers and quantities, as it is very
accurate and gives exact results where normal language gives up. But
not everything is true that can be proven by mathematics, it is just
conclusive. Let`s use our imagination first...
For the following we begin at the simplest point. Try to experience
your surroundings as a one-dimensional being. You can use all your
senses as in hot/cold, hard/soft, light/dark, silent/loud. You can
move only along one line in one direction - forward. So, now you are
sitting in your easy-chair and start to move as a tiny speck of dust.
At first the world is soft and comfortable; the room`s center gets a
bit more cool, although light; then, at the wall, it is extremely
hard, dark and uncomfortable, and so on. For every section of the way
you have gone you have a single, irreversible impression. Sounds |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 261 | familiar doesn`t it, like we think of the "eternal flow of time and
aeons". But let`s steer clear od speculation that would not be apt for
a speck of dust.
Resume: when every section of this way has it`s own distinct
characteristic (not affectable by time, because time doesn`t exist),
it is inconceivable for us that in some places other conditions along
the same length in same sector may exist, just to the right or left of
the way. Don`t forget - right/left have not been invented yet!
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Were it able to move left or right, if only slightly, it might be
able to experience different conditions on the same spot of its
one-dimensional axis (on a border, a corner, a different surface).
But what lies outside its one-dimensional paradigm is unknowable. The
model for this paradigm is, therefore, that along the dimension there
can only be one condition at one spot.
Let`s shift now to a 2-dimensional paradigm. Now the first dimension
and the 2nd can be used, and the room presents itself to us like a
section with an even surface. Along the first dimension there are
still the same conditions as before, but to the side (left/right)
there are some more.
The model is changed as follows: along dimension 1 (length) there
can be different conditions, but at different levels of dimension 2
(width). This new being acts in a more familiar manner as, like maps
for example, it orients itself according to a horizontal and
vertical axis.
You can guess how the riddle continues. We learn to move or grow up
and down. Now different conditions are possible on the same surface
coordinates but at different heights and depths. In the new paradigm
there is only one condition at one point in space.
Finally, we shift to our normal paradigm by adding time. We can now
observe different conditions at the same point of space at different
times, and can formulate the paradigm as follows: At the same point in
space only one object can exist at the same time. This is a long
established model of physics, matching perfectly our mechanical world
and our senses.
In this mental experiment we have learned 2 things:
1, Moving along a dimension, one can recognize differences. This is
the characteristic of a dimension, not its definition.
2, After each shift to the next dimension, the model (dogma) of the
preceding one is superseded. Generally, the most recent dimension is a |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 262 | continuum, ie., a dimension that goes irreversible in one direction.
Our own paradigm model consists of the (old) 3 space dimension plus
the (new) time as a continuum. How could a world look like that
contains one dimension more, the fifth one, called "E" or Ennead for
example? (I think Ennead is an expression from a science fiction
novel, but the Ancient Egyptians had a similar expression for the
place where all possibilities exist that don`t exist here; or where
all the possibilities manifest that are kept by us from manifesting in
this world here.)
You can construct the new model dogma by yourself: at one and the
same point of space and time there CAN be different conditions
(objects, colors, temperatures...), but at a different Ennead(!!).
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BUT: at the same point of space at the same time and Ennead, there is
again only one condition (object etc.) possible! This game can
theoretically be continued forever, but soon gets uninteresting,
because everything becomes far-fetched.
The step to the next dimension implies several interesting changes
because:
- first of all it calls for the parallel existence of different
things and events, side-by-side and at the same spot of the
space/time-paradigm. This sounds very much like the sometimes
incomprehensible reports of mystic experiences, whether from
contemporary times like the Seth-books, or long ago, like Meister
Eckhart, Tauler or Seuse. It is also similar to the picture of the 4
worlds of the Kabbala which exists inside one another, and it makes
certain Egyptian mysteries understandable.
- it makes a huge number of connections possible that we normally
would not think of. Numerous events inexplicable by rational
thinking may have their roots here, because causality is only valid in
the exact space/time paradigm and loses its ultimate character the
moment a new dimension is brought in.
- most probably, and here all thinking and imagination stops, it
replaces the time continuum with a ubiquitous time dimension (like
length, width and height in our paradigm) where we can move freely
forwards and backwards - but always at the same Ennead. Again, this
dimension shift doesn`t free us completely, it just opens a gate and
makes the next border visible.
The question about the quality or sense of this new E-dimension
remains unanswered. But our familiar dimensions also have no state or
sense or quality; they just exist and make us feel that they exist by
limitations of our sense of movement etc. Although we live in this
system, we cannot give a real definition of it (should we really?),
only some more or less mathematical explanations. We just experience
that along a dimension something changes. Dimensions let things
happen. We feel something has changed along a dimension and we measure
it by looking for regular changes. We measure time by observing the |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 263 | regular movements of the sun and the earth, but with no feeling for
their pure quality.
Also, a new dimension E would not change our world radically; its
only effect to our paradigm would be that some additional things
happened - miraculously side-by-side in time. But as we have no
sensors for this, it would be totally imperceptible. And should a
short impression slip through, it would be instantly erased by our
mind`s censor. Moreover, if some of us should get to this dimension it
would prove nearly impossible to explain it to others; having no
common language, comparisons or symbols for it.
This mental experiment has done its job, if we have achieved a
feeling for what supradimensionality could be. Our paradigm is not the
ultimate possibility, others exist - in between!
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Other Forms of Existence:
Anyone used to observing nature from the heart, will have seen
that it doesn`t like to have jumps in it; especially when it is only
to be fitted into an artificial theoretical system of the human
brain`s. Therefore, it is not consequent to assume that our paradigm
of a space+time-continuum is the only valid system. The motto cannot
be: "either you are with us in our system, or you are non-existent!"
- a logical chain that we tend to follow all too often. If there are
more simple dimensional systems, they will surely have their
inhabitants. However, the creative amongst you should refrain from
designing flat monsters for a 2-dimensional world now. As explained
before, this all exists in our world, one in the other!
Again a little mental experiment may show us the way. Let`s imagine
the following:
1, We put away all conditions related to the last dimension, the
continuum. At the same time the last-but-one dimension becomes the
continuum automatically, as explained before, because the last
dimension always is a continuum (!!). It is interesting that our
time-continuum physically is related only to movement, which means
that everything able to move freely can experience time.(As stated
here, the gift that our space+time paradigm gives to us is motion.
Now, in Ancient Egypt, a very important symbol was the Ankh, meanings
originally a sandal`s belt (scientists say). So, the meaning of the
respective hieroglyph means "TO WALK". On Egyptian pictures, when a
GOD gives life to a HUMAN he hands an ANKH to him, i.e. giving him
LIFE = TO WALK = MOVEMENT.)
So we ignore everything that has to do with motion. And the space
becomes continuum.
2, We look for forms of existing lacking exactly that last paradigm
element, ie., (in our case) time and movement.
That means we are looking for something that fulfills the picture of
this reduced paradigm. In our previous example: something that
doesn`t move, but spreads in space continuously and irreversibly.
Just let the picture grow before thinking further; that`s it - |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 264 | GROWING! Anything that grows steadily and cannot shrink
deliberately.
We may think of plants growing, clouds rising, micro-organism, fungi
etc. For example, a tree starts from an exact point in space (the
seed) and spreads evenly according to a distinct blueprint. Its size,
especially the section rings of its stem, correlate exactly with its
age; that means spatial growing and age match exactly. It cannot
shrink definitely; it is able to drop leaves or branches, but they
soon grow back to make it fill the same space occupied before. The
process of spatial growth is irreversible. A harrowing thought - most
probably we "grow" through time in the same manner! Maybe, even like
some herbs or grass that die off in Autumn and grow again in the
Spring - a picturesque allegory of death and rebirth!
For our next example we again take one dimension less. Now there is no
free (active) motion and no growth in space. The continuum is the
surface. A much more tricky paradigm. Something existing here must
have the tendency to spread in surface as much as possible and never
contract again deliberately. Hmmm.. what`s the biggest surface on
earth? Of course, water! Water, as a liquid, can be formed freely, as
it has no fixed form and will mould itself to fit any surface. But it
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cannot be compressed, and has the tendency to fill a space from
beneath with the maximum of even surface at the same time. The gain
with this form of existence is in the changeability of form - its
flexibility and adaptability. The picture for this is the ocean, the
river, or organisms like lichens which exist in clumps or patches.
Our next move is one more step towards reduction of existence. Now
there is no area and no spreading over a surface. The continuum is
dimension 1, the line, and everything else is fixed. In this paradigm
all solid objects exist. Changes, if any, are only allowed along one
line and are irreversible as in falling towards a center of gravity
for example, or rolling down a slope. This dimension 1 does not have
to be a straight line, but is the most efficient and best way of
coming nearer to the center of attraction. Irreversible.
It`s interesting to see that we humans still align our orientation in
space according to these same systems as described. The vertical line
is a solid object hanging down, the plumb-rule; the horizontal
surface, the level, is adjusted by hydrostatic balance (with water!).
And the only independent (ie., not geodetic) system for measuring
height is an instrument derived from a barometer (the
altigraph), which works on the basis of the expansion and reduction of
a specific gas volume in a sealed shell.
These thoughts are certainly a little bit hard to chew on, but I`m
sure they give enough themes for meditation. |
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Here`s an example for a simple meditation; freestyle of course. Get
yourself into a trance-journey somehow. You may use a shamanic
technique or jump through a Tattwa sign or whatever you prefer and are
best used to. Let`s take the water element for example. According to
classical technique, you imagine the horizontal syrinx sign and go
through it (but in silver and not in green as usual when you want to
explore the water world) and become the water yourself. Try to let
the feeling flow freely. Flow down, spread, split into drops while
breaking on a stone that lies in the water way; flow down as a torrent
etc.; trickle to the ground; evaporate to the sky; experience total
passivity in the respect of controlled growth or active motion. Be
totally passive! It is important to collect oneself after this
meditation and perform a thorough earthing. This exercise is
comparatively easy with the water element. It is also possible with a
3-dimensional system (plant or cloud), but more complicated, or with
1-dimensional system (solid object), but the latter takes a long time
in my experience.
The purpose of this exercise is to get a feeling for the structure and
physical reality of other dimensional existence and their relation
with other systems, and to comprehend that these need not be projected
to distant universes, but really exist in our world and that we meet
them every day.
For people dealing with magic it is of immense value to get the
right feeling of the existence of one universe in the other, and to be
able to shift from a low dimensional system to a supradimensional
system and vice versa. This is because we face many phenomena reaching
into our paradigm from other systems. For example, severe distortions
of reality go hand-in-hand with deep trance, (lucid) dreams and
precognition. These all make our reality and our normal environment
appear more or less different from normal experience: for example,
when we experience our home in dream reality or on a mental journey,
the table in the room isn`t where it normally used to be or maybe the
window is on another wall and looks into a different landscape etc..
All this is due to distortions along the 5th dimension (the Ennead as |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 266 | I named it provisionally).
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Let`s continue our little mental experiment, but this time in the
forward direction. At first we see no differences, when we go from our
paradigm to a 4+1 dimensional system. Obviously we have no sense and
no feeling for what`s happening when we go beyond our 3+1 (space+time)
system. So the new mental experiment leads nowhere. It`s worth it to
demonstrate that no practical model comes from mental speculations in
this direction. But we can derive a description from our "experiences"
with low-dimensional systems. Keeping the last paradigms in mind and
adding a new dimension, the Ennead, we can formulate the new paradigm
by same method as follows:
"At the same place in space at the same time there ARE different
conditions possible at different E-dimensions."
Exactly like the addition of a "new" time-dimension to the old 2+1
(area+space) paradigm makes free movement possible for the first time,
so also the addition of a new dimension E to our 3+1 paradigm makes it
possible (at least theoretically) for the following to exist:
- the one-inside-the-other-existence of different entities and
conditions
- parallel worlds
- events occurring simultaneously in time
- time travel (forward and backwards).
The key to all this seems to be the existence of "parallel worlds",
and I want to take a little look into how our ability to distinguish
objects function. If different things exist on the same spot at the
same time this implies that the same things exist in different worlds
(systems, universes etc., it`s all the same!). The explanation for
this you will find in the section Other Forms of Existence. Things are
distinguishable for us by their presence (POSITION in space+time) and
their QUALITY (that we check by our senses). They are different if
they have different position and/or quality. Example: sheep A is as
dull as sheep B, looks the same, sounds the same, smells the same. I
know they are different as one stands beside the other (ie. at
different positions at the same time). If there are enough sheep that |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 267 | are so similar and they run among each other, I can distinguish
nothing. That is unless I mark them to make them look different; or
one has changed its appearance, by having been sheared, for instance.
Then it looks different at a different time, but still is essentially
the same. In all these cases we orient according to differences and
coherence of existence,
and not very reliably at that. I want to show with this shaggy sheep
tale that the question of continuous existence throughout different
positions and qualities is not easily resolved, and therefore we
should be carefully before we discount all talk of "double existence,
parallel worlds etc.".
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Existence is hard to imagine and contradicts with experience and
commonsense unless we postulate the existence of parallel worlds in
which all possibilities at least potential exist. But only one
possibility becomes reality. By taking this thought further, we see
that all these parallel worlds contain the possibilities of life, and
we move through all this, making reality out of one of them - by
DECISION or free will, call it as you like. A picture that we also
find in some of Castaneda`s books.
Outlook:
The question remains unanswered is: What makes these parallel worlds
manifest (ie. how often do "I" exist) or just remain hypothetical
assumptions. But this is without importance for us at the moment. In a
simple and subjective way, only that which we experience actually
manifests. For me it appears dimly that out of Ennead only the
parallel worlds through which we pass by our subjective experience,
our acting and our reality become reality and sharply outlined. All
else remains dim and unreal but may be experienced by others - who
knows? This is similar to a widespread network of rails in a railway
shunting station, with numerous railtracks linked by switches, but
only ONE track being used by a train. The switches stand for important
decisions which open this or that way. According to our decisions we
pass a track leading more "up" or "down", more "ahead" or "back" (all
seen from Ennead), or we just shuttle back and forth in the middle. To
help to understand this we can look at certain games, like chess, that
show how the chain of events is predetermined by decisions that lie
far back in the past. By playing chess you can get an idea of the
reality of fate, and that some errors taken in the past can hardly be
set right whilst some may easily be. These causal chains may be very
long in any case.
The previously described Ennead system could work in a similar
fashion to this: exactly like our space+time paradigm enables us to
move, so the jump into the space/time+ennead paradigm opens the gates
to potentiality and its network of connections. Although we cannot
take part in this because of our limited senses, and we cannot jump |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 268 | into the next dimension and its adherent paradigm, we can take a peek
behind the curtain and at least get a feeling for the kind of
interference therein. It may open a new view on things hitherto
believed to be inevitable: the passing of time, all our actions and
interactions, and on fate itself. Are we just "programmed" towards
another target or direction, that can only be seen from above, from
Ennead, from the next dimension? Do we "move" in Ennead with our
decisions (and this implies things like character, mental attitudes,
views and opinions, by which we decide on this or that way)?
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However, for a being fixed and rooted in his/its paradigm, there is
not much difference how it decides. A root or a branch can grow in
this or that way, and reacts to certain stimuli like light or water,
but remains fixed and not suited for free movement. The more simple an
animal is organized, the more unidirectional its reactions are:
"lurk - snap - gorge" and suchlike. The (occasionally) more complex
motivations of men lead me conclude that we may be on the threshold
before the door to the next paradigm. (Similar to plant-like
organisms, corals for example, that are fixed to the ground but can
push out and pull in their tentacles... Hagazussa already?).
We can "move" in this way - and this is certainly the most noble
expression of "do what thou wilt" and Thelema - by influencing our
position in Ennead consciously and constantly, and without mercy
giving our decisions a certain orientation and thereby "moving" with
this through Ennead and the parallel worlds. (If our personal
"thelema" was not a nonsense ie. Choronzon.) I`m sure many of you have
experienced that after somebody changed their attitude and opinions,
sometimes their environment also begins to change, but without any
causal reasons! Just the right people appear; some lucky (or unlucky)
opportunities open up; old friends seem to withdraw and appear more
and more strange... Maybe a new parallel world has opened, and you
move in? But besides these speculations and as a last consequence this
means we bring all that we face by our own decisions, and we blame
nobody else but our own good selves for "all the bad luck and hard
days we suffer from". On the other hand we are not responsible to
anything/anybody/anygod for all the shit we are in... its our own hard
way! All that has to do with character building starts here. Here and
now and in our own earthbound and mortal life and in our own paradigm,
we have the chance to move in a certain direction, perhaps "up" or
"down" or maybe recognized only from aside/above/from Ennead. Even
from the next paradigm maybe. But
we have the chance NOW. Possibilities are numerous. Let`s use them for
maximum experience. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 269 | THE COVENANT OF THE GODDESS
PURPOSE
The Covenant of the Goddess was founded in 1975 to increase
cooperation among Witches, and to secure for Witches and covens
the legal protection enjoyed by members of other religions.
FUNCTIONS
The Covenant publishes a newsletter; issues ministerial
credentials on request to qualified persons; sponsors a national
festival each summer; and encourages networking nationally, as
well as regionally through local councils.
STRUCTURE
The Covenant is incorporated as a non-profit religious
organization in California, though it has grown to be a
nationwide organization. It is a confederation of covens and
solitaires of various traditions, who share in the worship of
the Goddess and the Old Gods and subscribe to a common code of
ethics. The Covenant holds a Grand Council annually to elect
national officers, set a budget, and decide matters which require
deliberation by the full membership. Decisions are usually made
by consensus.
CODE OF ETHICS
* An ye harm none, do as ye will.
* Since our religion and arts and practices peculiar to it
are the gift of the Goddess, membership and training in a local
coven or tradition are bestowed free, as gifts, and only on
those persons who are deemed worthy to receive them. However, a
coven may expect each of its members to bear a fair share of its
ordinary operating expenses.
* All persons have the right to charge reasonable fees for
the services by which they earn a living, so long as our
religion is not thereby exploited.
* Every person associated with this Covenant shall respect
the autonomy and sovereignty of each coven, as well as the right
of each coven to oversee the spiritual, mental, emotional and
physical development of its members and students in its own way,
and shall exercise reasonable caution against infringing upon
that right in any way.
* Members of this Covenant shall respect the traditional
secrecy of our religion.
* Members of this Covenant should ever keep in mind the
underlying unity of our religion as well as the diversity of its
manifestations.
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Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 270 | 305
* These ethics shall be understood and interpreted in light
of one another, and especially in light of the traditional laws
of our religion.
CONFIDENTIALITY
All information give to the Covenant of the Goddess or any of
its officials is considered strictly confidential, unless you
indicate otherwise. No information about members is published or
given out without explicit written permission. Direct access
to the Covenant's mailing list is limited to the Board of
Directors. Maximum privacy is assured.
NEWSLETTER
At every Sabbat the Covenant publishes a newsletter of Craft
and Pagan news, original articles, poetry, humor, rituals
and announcements. Member covens receive the newsletter
automatically. Individual coveners and non-members who donate
a suitable tax-deductible gift will also be placed on the mailing
list, to receive the newsletter and other mailings. Circulation
is limited to members and friends of the Covenant.
FINANCES
An annual membership tithe is set every year by the Grand
Council to cover bare expenses, based on the previous year's
expenses and any projected cost increases. The annual
financial statement is published in the newsletter. Other
activities are supported by fund-raising.
All contributions to the Covenant of the Goddess are greatly
appreciated and are tax-deductible.
APPLYING FOR MEMBERSHIP
Any Goddess-supporting coven or solitaire can be eligible
for membership in the Covenant of the Goddess if certain
criteria and requirements are met. All inquiries into membership
should be sent to the National Credentials Officer. If the
coven or solitaire is in an area near a local council, the
National Officer will forward the inquiry to the local
Credentials Officer, who will respond. A member can apply in
person at a council meeting, or by filling out the appropriate
form and sending it in with the initial membership tithe.
GENERAL CRITERIA FOR COVEN MEMBERSHIP
* Generally focus thealogy and ritual, etc., around worship
of the Goddess and the Old Gods (or the Goddess alone).
* Believe and follow a code of ethics compatible with that of
the Covenant.
* Have been meeting monthly or oftener for at least six
months.
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Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 271 | 306
* Have three more members who have been formally
accepted into the clergy.
* Be a cohesive, self-perpetuating group.
REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERSHIP
Full Membership: The applicant must be recommended without
reservation by two active members of the Covenant.
Provisional Membership: The applicant may be recommended by
one member; and then within a year and a day make a viable
effort to get to know other members, in order to achieve Full
Member status.
The appropriate Credentials Officer (National or local)
shall verify information regarding criteria and credentials.
COVEN-AT-LARGE
This is the term we use to represent the many Witches who are
solitaires, i.e. practicing alone. Each local council may devise
its own standards for admission of coveners-at-large, in harmony
with national guidelines.
LOCAL COUNCILS
A local council is a smaller branch of the Covenant,
consisting of at least three member covens of at least two
different traditions, in
reasonably close geographic proximity to each other. The local
councils generally meet more often than the national
organization. They may initiate independent projects,
sponsor local festivals and workshops, and generally work
together for common goals close to home. As the Covenant
continues to grow, we encourage new member covens close to one
another to form their own local councils.
VOTING
When a matter requiring a decision is presented before the
Covenant in council, it is discussed by the members in attendance
until a consensus is reached. If a consensus cannot be reached,
then a vote is taken. A coven holding a current Full Membership
is entitled to one vote. Each such coven also holds the power to
veto, though this is exercised only in extreme cases. A coven
with Provisional Membership is entitled to one vote, but does not
hold veto power.
A coven-at-large is entitled to one vote if, and only if,
three individuals are physically present at the council and
unanimous in their choice of vote.
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Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 272 | 307
MINISTERIAL CREDENTIALS
In order to receive Ministerial Credentials as a Priestess or
Priest, a person shall:
1. Be an active member of a coven which is a Full Member of
the Covenant.
2. Have been "confirmed" to taking on the full commitment
to the requirements of that coven's Tradition of our religion.
3. Have undergone at least a full year of active training
for the ministry of that Tradition.
These credentials shall remain valid only so long as the
person remains an active member of the coven which remains an
active member of the Covenant.
In order to be eligible to receive Ministerial Credentials as
an Elder, a person shall:
1. Satisfy (2.) and (3.) above.
2. Have undergone an additional full year of active training
for the ministry.
3. Be fully able to form a coven, admit members, and train
them in the tenets and practices of that Tradition.
These credentials shall remain valid for life, unless
specifically revoked, so long as the person remains in contact
with the Covenant.
THE NATIONAL FESTIVAL
The annual Grand Council or national business meeting is held
as part of a national festival, which is open to the whole
membership as well as Pagans and Witches who are not part of the
Covenant. The
festival is usually held at a secluded campground or resort, and
moves to a different area of the country each summer. In
addition to the council meeting, the program includes
workshops on magick and the Craft, concerts, a potluck feast, a
talent show, and the opportunity to purchase (or barter for) art,
crafts and ritual tools by Pagan artisans. Registration
information is available in the newsletter.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Write to: Covenant of the Goddess, P.O. Box 1226, Berkeley,
CA 94704.
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Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 273 | 308
A Pledge to Pagan Spirituality
I am a Pagan andI dedicate Myself tochanneling the Spiritual
Energy of my Inner Self to help and to heal myself and others.
* I know that I am a part of the Whole of Nature. May I
grow in understanding of the Unity of all Nature. May I always
walk in Balance.
* May I always be mindful of the diversity of Nature as well
as its Unity and may I always be tolerant of those whose race,
appearance, sex, sexual preference, culture, and other ways differ
from my own.
* May I use the Force(psychic power) wisely and never useit
for aggression nor for malevolent purposes. May I never direct it
to curtail the free will of another.
* May I always be mindfulthat I create my own reality and that I
have the power within me to create positivity in my life.
* May I always act in honorable ways: being honest with
myself and others, keeping my word whenever I have given it,
fulfilling all responsibilities and commitments I have taken on to
the best of my ability.
* May I always remember that whatever is sent out always
returns magnified to the sender. May the Forces of Karma move
swiftly to remind me of these spiritual commitments when I have
begin to falter from them, and may I use this Karmic feedback to help
myself grow and be more attuned to my Inner Pagan Spirit.
* May I always remain strong and committed to my Spiritual ideals
in the face of adversity and negativity. May the Force of my Inner
Spirit ground out all malevolence directed my way and transform
it into positivity. May my Inner Light shine so strongly that
malevolent forces can not even approach my sphere of existence.
* May I always grow in Inner Wisdom & Understanding. MayI see
every problem that I face as an opportunity to develop myself
spiritually in solving it.
* May I always act out ofLove to all other beings on this Planet
-- to other humans, to plants, to animals, to minerals, to
elementals, to spirits, and to other entities.
* May I always be mindful that the Goddess and God in all their
forms dwell within me and that this divinity is reflected through
my own Inner Self, my Pagan Spirit.
* May I always channel Love and Light from my being. May my
Inner Spirit, rather than my ego self, guide all my thoughts,
feelings, and actions.
SO MOTE IT BE
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Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 274 | 309
The Craft (Witchcraft - NOT to be confused with Satanism. A true
Witch has nothing to do with this, even though there are some
Satanists who (unright-fully) call themselves "Witch".) contains a
large number of groups with bonds to each other, for the most part,
which are looser than those you will find between Christian churches.
Each has it's own traditions, it's own beliefs, it's own pantheon,
etc. So just WHAT is it that, overall, a Witch believes in? The
American Council of Witches was formed to determine what it was that
all Witches have in common, belief-wise. In the early 1970's, a
paper was released with their findings, and gives a good overall
picture of it. The following is the text of that paper.
======================================================================
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CRAFT
1. The first principle is that of love, and it is expressed in the
ethic,
"DO AS YOU WILL, SO LONG AS YOU HARM NONE"
a)love is notemotional in it'sessence, but isan attribute of
the individual as expressed in relation to other beings;
b) harming others can be by thought, word, or deed;
c> it is to be understood the "none" includes oneself;
d) theharm which isto be regardedas unethical isgratuitous
harm; war, in general, is gratuitous harm, although it is
ethical to defend oneself and one's liberty when threatened by
real and present danger, such as defense against invasion.
2. The Witch must recognize and harmonize with the forces of the
universe, in accord with the Law of Polarity: everything is dual;
everything has two poles; everything has it's opposite; for every
action there is a reaction; all can be categorized as either
active or reactive in relation to other things.
a) Godhead is one unique and transcendent wholeness, beyond
any limitationsor expressions; thus,it is beyond our
human capacity to understand and identify with this
principle of Cosmic Oneness, except as It is revealed to us
in terms of It's attributes and operation.
b) The most basic and meaningful attribute of the One that
we, as humans, can relate to and understand, is that of
polarity, of action and reaction; therefore Witches
recognize the Oneness of the Divinity, but worship and
relate to the Divine as the archetypal polarity of God
and Goddess, the All-Father and the Great Mother of the
universe. The Beings are as near as we can approach to
the One within our human limitations of understanding and
expression, though it is possible to experience the
divine Oneness through the practices of the Mysteries.
c) Harmony does not consist of the pretty and the nice, but
the balanced, dynamic,poised co-operation and
co-relation. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 275 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
310
3. The Witch must recognize, and operate within the framework of the
Law of Cause and Effect; every action has it's reaction, and
every effect has it's cause. All things occur according to this law;
nothing in the universe can occur outside this law, though we may not
always appreciate the relation between a given effect and it's cause.
Subsidiary to this is the Law of Three, which states that whatever
goes forth must return threefold, whether of good or ill; for our
actions affect more than people generally realize, and the
resulting reactions are also part of the harvest.
4. As Above, So Below. That which exists in the Macrocosm exists,
on a smaller scale and to a lesser degree, in the Microcosm. The
powers of the universe exist also in the human, though in general
instance they lie dormant. The powers and abilities can be
awakened and used if the proper techniques are practiced, and this
is why initiates of the Mysteries are sworn to guard the secrets
from the unworthy: Much harm can be done by those who have power
without responsibility, both to others and to themselves according
to the Laws of Cause and Effect and of Threefold Return.
a) Since our philosophy teaches that the universe is the
physical manifestation of the Divine, there can be
nothing in the universe which does not partake of the
nature of the Divine; hence, the powers and attributes of
the Divine exist also in the manifest, though to much
smaller degree.
b) These powers can be awakened through the various
techniques of theMysteries, and,although they areonly
capable of small effects in and of themselves, it is
possible to use them in order to draw upon the forces of
the universe. Thus humanity can be the wielders of the
power of the Gods, a channel for Godhead to act within
It's own manifestation. This, then, is further reason
for the oath of secrecy.
c) Since the universe is the body of the One, possessing the
same attributes as the One, it's Laws must be the
principles through and by which the One operates. By
reasoning from the known to the unknown, one can learn of
the Divine, and thus of oneself. Thus the Craft is a
natural religion, seeing in Nature the expression and
revelation of Divinity.
5. We know that everything in the universe is in movement or
vibration and is a function of that vibration. Everything vibrates;
all things rise and fall in a tidal system that reflects the motion |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 276 | inherent in the universe and also in the atom. Matter and energy
are but two poles of one continuous phenomenon. Therefore the
Witch celebrates, harmonizes with, and makes use of the tides of the
universe and of life as expressed through the cycle of the seasons
and the motion of the solar system. These ritual observances are
the eight great Festivals of the Year, referred to as the Wheel of
the Year. Further, the Witch works with the forces and tides of the
Moon, for this body is the mediator of much energy to our planet
Earth and thus to ourselves.
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311
6. Nothing is dead matter in the universe. All things exist,
therefore all things live, though perhaps in a different manner from
that which we are used to calling life. In view of this, the Witch
knows that there is no true death, only change from one condition
to another. The universe is the body of Godhead, and therefore
possesses one transcendent consciousness; all things partake of the
consciousness, in varying levels of trance/awareness.
a) Because of this principle, all things are sacred to the
Witch, for all partake of the one Life.
b) Therefore the Witch is a natural ecologist, for Nature is
part of us as we are a part of Nature.
7. Astrology can be useful in marking and interpreting the flow and
ebb of the tides of our solar system, and thus of making use of
those tides; astrology should not be debased into mere
fortune-telling.
8. Throughout the development of the human race, civilizations have
seen and worshipped many and various attributes of the Divine.
These universal forces have been clothed in forms which were
expressive to the worshipper of the attribute of the Godhead which
they expressed. Use of these symbolic representations of t h e
natural and divine forces of the universe, or god forms, is a
potent method for contacting and utilizing the forces they represent.
Thus the Gods are both natural and truly divine, and man-made in
that the forms with which they are clothed are products of
humanity's striving to know the Godhead.
a) In keeping with the Law of Polarity, these god-forms are
brought into harmony by the one great Law whichstates:
All Gods are oneGod. All Goddesses areone Goddess.
There is one Initiator. This law is an expression of our
understanding that all of the forces of the universe, by
whatever ethnic god-form is chosen to clothe and relate
to whichever force, can be resolved into the fundamental
polarity of the Godhead, the Great Mother and the
All-Father.
b) It is the use of differing god forms, of differing ethnic
sources or periods,which is the basis ofmany of the
differencesbetween
thevariousTraditions
oftheCraft
. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 277 | EachTraditionuses theforms,andthusthenames,which
to thatTradition bestexpress and awakenan
understandingofthe forcerepresented,accordingto the
areas of emphasis of the Tradition.
c) Because we know that differing names or representations
arebutexpressionsofthesamedivineprinciplesand
forces,werequire ourmemberstoswearthat theywill
nevermockthenames bywhichanotherhonors theDivine,
eventhough thosenames bedifferentfrom andseemingly
lessexpressive thanthe namesand godforms usedby our
Tradition(for tothe membersof anotherTradition, using
it's names, oursmay easily seemequally less
expressive).
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312
9. A Witch refuses to allow her/himself to be corrupted by the great
guilt neuroses which have been foisted on humanity in the name of
the Divine, thus freeing the self of the slavery of the mind.
The Witch expresses responsibility for her/his actions, and
accepts the consequences of them; guilt is rejected as inhibiting to
one's self-actualization, and replaced by the efforts of the Witch
to obey the teachings of harmlessness, responsibility for t h
e
consequences of one's actions, and the goal of actualizing the full
powers of the individual.
a) We refuse to believe that a human being is born innately
sinful,and recognizetheconcepts ofsinandguilt
aretremendouslyinhibitingto thehumanpotential;the
consequencesof theLawof CauseandEffect,called karma
bysome, arenot punishment,but therecurrences of
situations andtheir effectsbecause theindividualas
notgained the Wisdomneeded tohandle or avoidsuch
situations.
b) There is no heaven except that which we ourselves make of
ourlifeonEarth,andlikewisethereisnohellexcept
theeffectsofourunwiseactions.Deathisnotfollowed
bypunishmentorreward,but bylifeandthecontinuing
evolution of the human potential.
c) One cannot damn the divine in oneself; one can, however,
cutoneselfofffromitthroughthe rejectionofwisdom
anda refusaltostrive forself-realization. This
cutting off does not lead to personal suffering
in"hell", forthereisnoSelftosufferifthetieto
one'sown divinityhasbeensevered;whatremainsis
merelyanemptyshell,a"personality"orthought-form
devoid of it's ensouling Spark of the Divine Fire.
10. We know of the existence of the life-force which ensouls all
living things, that is, all that exists. We know that a spark of this
Divine Fire is within each and every thing that exists, and that
it does not die; only the form of it's existence changes. We know
that this spark of the life-force returns to manifestation again
and again in order to fully realize and actualize it's potential,
evolving finally to the peak and essence of existence which is pure |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 278 | being. In this process of reincarnation each form returns in the
same type of form, though it's ever-increasing actualization may
lead to higher levels of existence of that form. Man returns as
man, cat as feline, mineral as mineral, each class of form
evolving as the individual forms of that class evolve.
11. This process of evolution through successive incarnations in
manifest form works through the utilizations of wisdom gained, t h e
essence of the life-experience. This essence of experience, o r
Wisdom, is an attribute of the spark of life itself, one and
inseparable (see 9a).
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313
12. We must care for the body, for it is the vehicle of the spark of
life, the form by which we attain. Thus we must heal the body of
it's ills and keep it a tuned and perfected tool; so must we heal
others (both physically and psychologically) as far as it is
within our power to do so. However, we cannot interfere with the life
of another, even to heal, except at their request or with t h e i r
express permission; unless such non-interference would be inhibiting
to our own, ethical existence and development -- and
even then the responsibilities and consequences must be
understood and accepted. This, then, is one of the important
reasons for the communal life the Witches under the guidance of t h e
Priesthood: That the group may be guided by wisdom and
experience, with the aid and support of one's peers; and that one's
actions may be guided by the influence of the ethical life of the
group as a whole.
13. Harmony with, and utilization of, the great natural forces of the
universe is called magick. By magick we speak, not of the
supernatural, but of the superbly natural, but whose laws and
applications are not as yet recognized by the scientific
establishment. The Witch must strive to recognize these forces, learn
their laws, attune her/himself to them, and make use of them. The
Witch must also be aware that power corrupts when
used_only_ for thegains of theself, and thereforemust strive
to serve humanity: Either through the service in the Priesthood,
or by example and effects of his/her life on others. The choice
must be made in accord with the true nature of the Witch. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 279 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
314
This article is excerpted from the Rocky Mountain Pagan Journal.
Each issue of the Rocky Mountain Pagan Journal is published by
High Plains Arts and Sciences; P.O. Box 620604, Littleton Co.,
80123, a Colorado Non-Profit Corporation, under a Public Domain
Copyright, which entitles any person or group of persons to
reproduce, in any form whatsoever, any material contained therein
without restriction, so long as articles are not condensed or
abbreviated in any fashion, and credit is given the original
author.!
IN GRANDMOTHER'S LAP
Copyright 1987, RMPJ
"Morals are the nagging fear that somebody somewhere may be
having a good time." --H. L. Mencken
What is the difference between one of us and Oral Roberts?
Well, hopefully there are lots of differences, but the top one
on my list is that I work on being ethical and he is a moralist.
The moralist knows how everybody else should behave in order
to be a good person, avoid Hell, fit into decent society, etc.,
etc. He is quite likely to feel that he is a valid exception to
all his own rules, since he can handle temptation and control his
outcomes. His main characteristic is frantic paranoid distrust
of other people. No one should be seen nude, for instance,
because this would be un-bearably sexually arousing and lead to
promiscuity, neglect of ordinary duties, etc. He knows he can
control himself, but everybody else has to be "protected" from
their evil impulses. His major defence is projection: "I'm not
oversexed, and of course I'd never want to be or want to be
unfaithful to my wife, but that woman in the (name situation or
article of clothing) sure is asking for it. Ultimate expressions
of this type of thinking are wife-beating -- one man said, "When
I walked into the self-help group I thought that when they heard
what I'd had to put up with they'd con-gratulate me for not
having killed her." -- and witch-burning -- "I am a good person.
Bad things do not happen to good people. A bad thing has
happened to me. Somebody did it! Kill them!" |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 280 | In essence, the moralist is saying "It can't be my fault
(I'm not able to face the idea that it might be my fault). It
must be somebody else's fault. If people would just follow these
few simple rules, which I'll be glad to explain to them, nothing
would go wrong and I wouldn't have to feel anxious. But since
they won't all follow my rules, everything is their fault, not
mine, and I don't have to feel anxious."
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315
To me this is nauseating. I have no idea how you "should"
behave; who are you? What's the situation? Who else is
affected? Even then, the best I could offer would be some
suggestions of courses of action which might have good results --
but I don't believe there are any simple rules for human conduct
which are always "right." What I do believe is that ethical
behavior consists of choosing your actions such that you can look
at yourself in the mirror in the morning without flinching.
Which means I can see a Corsican being ethical and killing
another person as part of a feud; a gypsy being ethical and
defrauding a gaujo. I suspect that what I mean here is that
ethics impel you to be true to your own values, while morals make
you want to
a) control others, and
b) not get caught yourself. But being ethical implies that they
are your own values, which you have thought through and decided
to accept, and not just the ones you have swallowed whole from
your family or culture.
Marjoe, a famous evangelist who later went straight,
described preaching hellfire and damnation and then going back to
the motel and making love to his girlfriend of the moment -- who
had to be flown in from New York so the locals wouldn't know what
he was doing. Oral Roberts says people have to give him $8
million, or God will "call him home." These are examples of
people whose highest priority is influencing others, making the
right kind of impression - the actuality doesn't seem to be
really relevant to their choice-making process.
The ethical person, on the other hand, may not care at all
about the impression he is erig; he will say in total sincerity
"I know I look like a fool for doing it, but I couldn't have
lived with myself if I hadn't." Or even harder, "I know you
think I'm being hard and cruel, but I honestly believe this is
the best solution in the circumstances."
Next issue (are you holding your breath?) the difference be-
tween act idealism and absolute idealism, or how to tell a witch |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 281 | from a fundamentalist without a score card.
The Spinster Aunt .......... FROM RMPJ, 2/3/1987
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316
EXEGESIS ON THE WICCAN REDE
by Judy Harrow
originally published in HARVEST - Volume 5, Number 3 (Oimelc, 1985)
second publication: THE HIDDEN PATH - Volume X, Number 2 Beltane,
1987)
All religions began with somebody's sudden flashing insight,
enlightenment, a shining vision. Some mystic found the way and the
words to share the vision, and, sharing it, attracted followers. The
followers may repeat those precise and poetic words about the vision
until they congeal into set phrases, fused language, repeated by rote
and without understanding. Cliches begin as great wisdom - that's why
they spread so fast - and end as ritual phrases, heard but not
understood. Living spirituality so easily hardens to boring religious
routine, maintained through guilt and fear, or habit and social
opportunism - any reason but joy.
We come tothe Craft witha first generation'sjoy ofdiscovery,
and a first generation's memory of bored hours of routine worship in
our childhood. Because we have known the difference, it is our
particular challenge to find or make ways to keep the Craft a living,
real experience for our grandchildren and for the students of our
students.
I think the best ofthese safeguards is already builtinto the
Craft as we know it, put there by our own good teachers. On our Path,
the mystic experience itself is shared, not just the fruits of
mysticism. We give all our students the techniques, and the
protective/supportive environment that enable almost every one of them
to Draw the Moon and/or Invoke the God. This is an incredibly radical
change from older religions, even older Pagan religions, in which the
only permissible source of inspiration has been to endlessly
reinterpret and reapply the vision of the Founder (the Bible, the
Book of the Law, the Koran, ... ). The practice of Drawing the Moon is
the brilliant crown of the Craft.
But notice how often, in the old myths, every treasure has its
pitfalls? I think I'm beginning to see one of ours. Between the normal |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 282 | process of original visions clotting into cliche, and our perpetual
flow of new inspiration, we are in danger of losing the special wisdom
of those who founded the modern Craft. I do not think we should
assiduously preserve every precious word. My love for my own
Gardnerian tradition does not blind me to our sexist and heterosexist
roots. And yet, I want us to remain identifiably Witches and not meld
into some homogeneous "New Age" sludge. For this, I think we need some
sort of anchoring in tradition to give us a sense of identity. Some of
the old sayings really do crystallize great wisdom as well,
life-affirming Pagan wisdom that our culture needs to hear.
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So I think it's time for a little creative borrowing from our
neighbors. Christians do something they call "exegesis;" Jews have a
somewhat similar process called "midrash." What it is something
between interpretation and meditation, a very concentrated examination
of a particular text. The assumption often is that every single word
has meaning (cabalists even look at the individual letters). Out of
this inspired combination of scholarship and daydream comes the
vitality of those paths whose canon is closed. The contemporary
example, of course, is Christian Liberation Theology, based on a
re-visioning of Jesus that would utterly shock John Calvin.
Althoughour canon is not closed - andthe day it is the day I
quit - I'm suggesting that we can use a similar process to renew the
life of the older parts of our own still-young heritage.
So, I'dlike totry doingsome exegesison anessential statement
of the Craft way of life. Every religion has some sort of ethic, some
guideline for what it means to live in accordance with this particular
mythos, this worldview. Ours, called the Wiccan Rede, is one of the
most elegant statements I've heard of the principle of situational
ethics. Rather than placing the power and duty to decide about
behavior with teachers or rulebooks, the Rede places it exactly where
it belongs, with the actor.
eight words the Wiccan Rede fulfill:
AN IT HARM NONE, DO WHAT YOU WILL.
I'd like to start with the second phrase first, and to take it almost
word by word.
Do what YOU will. This is the challenge to self-direction, to
figure out what we want, and not what somebody else wants for us or
from us. All of us are subject to tremendous role expectations and
pressures, coming from our families, our employers, our friends,
society in general. It's easy to just be molded, deceptively easy to
become a compulsive rebel and reflexively do the opposite of whatever
"they" seem to want. Living by the Rede means accepting the
responsibility to assess the results of our actions and to choose when |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 283 | we will obey, confront or evade the rules.
Do what you WILL. This is the challenge to introspection, to know
what we really want beyond the whim of the moment. The classic example
is that of the student who chooses to study for an exam rather than go
to a party, because what she really wants is to be a doctor. Again,
balance is needed. Always going to the library rather than the movies
is the road to burnout, not the road to a Nobel. What's more, there
are others values in life, such as sensuality, intimacy, spirituality,
that get ignored in a compulsively long-term orientation. So, our
responsibility is not to mechanically follow some rule like "always
choose to defer gratification in your own long-term self interest,"
but to really listen within, and to really choose, each time.
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DO what you will. This is the challenge to action. Don't wait for
Prince Charming or the revolution. Don't blame your mother or the
system. Make a realistic plan that includes all your assets. Be sure
to include magic, both the deeper insights and wisdoms of divination
and the focusing of will and energy that comes from active workings.
Then take the first steps right now. But, beware of thoughtless
action, which is equally dangerous. For example, daydreaming is
needed, to envision a goal, to project the results of actions,
to check progress against goals, sometimes to revise goals. Thinking
and planning are necessary parts of personal progress. Action and
thought are complementary; neither can replace the other.
When youreally lookat it, wordby word, itsounds likea subtle
and profound guide for life, does it not? Is it complete? Shall "do
what you will" in fact be "the whole of the law" for us? I think not.
The second phrase of the Rede discusses the individual out of context.
Taken by itself, "DO WHAT YOU WILL" would produce a nastily
competitive society, a "war of each against all" more bitter than what
we now endure. That is, it would if it were possible. Happily, it's
just plain not.
Pagan myth and modernbiology alike teach us that ourEarth is
one interconnected living sphere, a whole system in which the actions
of each affect all (and this is emphatically not limited to humankind)
through intrinsic, organic feedback paths. As our technology amplifies
the effects of our individual actions, it becomes increasingly
critical to understand that
these actions have consequences beyond the individual; consequences
that, by the very nature of things, come back to the individual as
well. Cooperation, once "merely" an ethical ideal, has become a
survival imperative. Life is relational, contextual. Exclusive focus
on the individual Will is a lie and a deathtrap.
The qualifying "AN IT HARM NONE," draws a Circle around the
individual Will and places each of us firmly within the dual contexts
of the human community and the complex life-form that is Mother Gaia.
The first phrase of the Rede directs us to be aware of results of our
actions projected not only in time, as long-term personal outcomes, |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 284 | but in space - to consider how actions may effect our families,
co-workers, community, and the life of the Earth as a whole, and to
take those projections into account in our decisions.
But, like the rest of the Rede, "an it harm none" cannot be
followed unthinkingly. It is simply impossible for creatures who eat
to harm none. Any refusal to decide or act for fear of harming someone
is also a decision and an action, and will create results of some
kind. When you consider that "none" also includes ourselves, it
becomes clear that what we have here is a goal and an ideal, not a
rule.
The Craft,assuming ethical adulthood,offers us norote rules.
We will always be working on incomplete knowledge. We will sometimes
just plain make mistakes. Life itself, and life-affirming religion,
still demands that we learn, decide, act, and accept the results.
Judy Harrow
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The Witches' Creed
Hear Now the words of the witches,
The secrets we hid in the night,
When dark was our destiny's pathway,
That now we bring forth into light.
Mysterious water and fire,
The earth and the wide-ranging air,
By hidden quintessence we know them,
And will and keep silent and dare.
The birth and rebirth of all nature,
The passing of winter and spring,
We share with the life universal,
Rejoice in the magical ring.
Four times in the year the Great Sabbat
Returns, and the witches are seen
At Lammas and Candlemas dancing,
On May Eve and old Hallowe'en.
When day-time and night-time are equal,
Whensun is at greatest and least,
The four Lesser Sabbats are summoned,
And Witches gather in feast.
Thirteen silver moons in a year are,
Thirteen is the coven's array.
Thirteen times at Esbat make merry,
For each golden year and a day.
The power that was passed down the age,
Each time between woman and man,
Each century unto the other,
Ere time and the ages began.
When drawn is the magical circle,
By sword or athame of power, |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 285 | Its compass between two worlds lies,
In land of the shades for that hour.
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This world has no right then to know it,
And world of beyond will tell naught.
The oldest of Gods are invoked there,
The Great Work of magic is wrought.
For the two are mystical pillars,
That stand at the gate of the shrine,
And two are the powers of nature,
The forms and the forces divine.
The dark and the light in succession,
The opposites each unto each,
Shown forth as a God and a Goddess:
Of this our ancestors teach.
By night he's the wild wind's rider,
The Horn'd One, the Lord of the Shades.
By day he's the King of the Woodland,
The dweller in green forest glades.
She is youthful or old as she pleases,
She sails the torn clouds in her barque,
The bright silver lady of midnight,
The crone who weaves spells in the dark.
The master and mistress of magic,
That dwell in the deeps of the mind,
Immortal and ever-renewing,
With power to free or to bind.
So drink the good wine to the Old Gods,
And Dance and make love in their praise,
Till Elphame's fair land shall receive us
In peace at the end of our days.
And Do What You Will be the challenge,
So be it Love that harms none,
For this is the only commandment. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 286 | By Magic of old, be it done!
Doreen Valiente,
"Witchcraft For Tomorrow"
pp.172-173
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Hill Country Pagan Grove
Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Published December 1982 by C.C.C. Creative Cooperative Consolidated
12611 Research Blvd. Number 125 Austin, Texas 78759 U.S.A.
First edition, December 1982 Second edition, revised, April 1983
PREFACE
Some have asked how this little booklet came into being. It's all
very straightforward: as the most visible representatives of paganism
here in Austin, Texas, I and my consort, Arnthor Phalius, are asked
often to appear in public to talk about witchcraft. The questions
included here are those most often asked, along with the answers we
give.
Of course we cannot pretend to speak for all Pagans, only for
ourselves. But the little booklet has been well-received as a
non-threatening method of getting to know a subject like Wicca.
Occasionally we will find someone who has had negative experiences
with persons who call themselves Wiccans or Witches, and in those
cases they expressed relief on find that `other types' of Pagans
existed than those which had given them their initial bad impressions.
The Directory* is an individual effort at networking in the Sunbelt.
Here in Texas there are many traditions and varieties of Paganism, and
if one isn't to be alone, one must learn that there are more
similarities than differences in Paganism and the other major
religions. Pagans have always known this, but for various reasons,
have not stepped forward as representatives of this view.
I (Merlana) am a mystic who responds to the Universal Mind as it is
expressed in Nature. It is my deep belief that persons who reverence
these principles are unified at bottom, and separated only by the
illusion of words, which are not reality. Sometimes words aren't even
adequate representations of `Reality`!
It is my intention in this little booklet to re-define some issues |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 287 | and terms in the way that my tradition sees them. It so happens that
much of the rest of Paganism falls within this general framework.
(NOTE: A `tradition' is a varietal type, like `denomination').
If youalready know the subject and wish to differ, your comments are
welcome. If you are new to the subject, perhaps here you'll find some
questions answered, and (if wanted) fellowship with others who are on
similar paths. Directory* listings are free to those in the Sunbelt of
the USA (South and Southwest.) New editions are published irregularly.
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If you don't live in the Sunbelt, but have goods or services which
interest Pagans, you may also put an ad into the Directory.* Write for
details.
Blessed be, Merlana April 1983
1. WHAT IS WICCA?
`Wicca' (pronounced Wick-ah) is one name given to the Nature religions
practiced in Northern Europe and the Middle East from the times of the
ice ages. It is one spiritual path out of many in a group of spiritual
practices known as NeoPaganism. NeoPaganism is currently in a
world-wide revival, led by persons and groups in the United States and
Britain.
2. HOW DO WICCA AND NEOPAGANISM FIT TOGETHER?
Wicca is one subsidiary form, or `tradition,' similar to the way
Christianity has many forms. One can be a Christian and still be
Baptist, Methodist or Roman Catholic. In the same way, one can be a
Pagan but ascribe to another, more specific, sub-variety of
philosophy.
3. IS IT THE SAME AS WITCHCRAFT?
One linguistic theory has the word Wicca coming from Olde English
`Wicca-Craeft', meaning `craft of the wise ones.' Most followers of
Wicca (and most Pagans) prefer not to use the terms `witchcraft' or
`witch' because of the emotional connotations these words carry in our
society.
Generally, one who calls him or herself a `witch' without further
qualifications is seeking notoriety and special attention. Those of us
who guard the portals of personal Power (like Carlos Casteneda's
character Don Juan) are normally hard to find or engage in discussion.
Our Mysteries are carefully hidden from the world, and from those who
might be tempted to misuse them. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 288 | 4. WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE ABOUT GOD?
Although Pagans generally agree that one God exists and is the same
regardless of name, they vary in specific concepts about God, as in
other religions.
What an individual Pagan holds is strictly a matter of personal
belief. However, occasionally a tradition will teach highly-specific
concepts, structures and mythologies. If one finds oneself in
disagreement, the best policy is `voting with the feet', or
withdrawing to find another group who better agrees.
NOTE: Sometimes it may be easierto gather together a group of people
who believe as you do to form an entirely new group. That's the
purpose of networking, or what the booklet is designed for.
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323
Most Wiccans divide the Godhead (generally conceived of as Mother
Nature) into two forces. One force is male and the other female. They
are called respectively: The God and The Goddess.
Between them, these two divinities create balance and harmony in the
Eternal Dance. They represent the forces of birth, death and
regeneration symbolized in the change of the seasons. Wiccans call
5this cycle The Wheel Of The Year. Most rituals celebrate the Wheel Of
The Year and our deep, meaningful participation in natural cycles of
change.
Because the male force has been in ascendancy for thousands of years
due to the Christian, Moslem and Jewish religions, there is presently
a tendency to emphasize The Goddess, especially by feminists (or by
those whose personal concept of God happens to be female).
We also believe in Magick, which is a partnership between humanity
and the Universal Mind. This partnership creates changes in what we
normally call `reality', i.e., change accomplished with prayer. These
changes can seem miraculous or merely coincidental, and always include
personal effort. Magick is not the same as `wishing.'
5. WHAT HAPPENS AT A WICCAN CEREMONY?
There are several types of get-togethers that Pagans of all
traditions attend. The most available and open is called a `Grove,'
where those who wish may study both spiritual and ceremonial topics.
Most groves emphasize fellowship and harmony of mind between their
members. You should choose one as much for how you blend with the
personalities of the members as for a particular brand of teaching.
Eight times a year, at the solstices and equinoxes, May Day,
Halloween, and other points on the lunar calendar, Pagans gather
together (usually outdoors under trees) to celebrate Nature and the
turn of the seasons.
These celebrations consist of dancing, prayer, invocations, and
rituals passed down from the many traditions through the ages. We also |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 289 | urge participants to develop and use their own original rituals and to
share them with others.
Because we dance and pray in a standing Circle (or sometimes a
spiral), and because we draw at these times from the Universe
spherical energies of protection and power - these meetings are called
(appropriately enough!) Circles.
6. HOW CAN I ATTEND A GROVE OR CIRCLE?
Wiccans and Pagans tend to be very private, and do not advertise
their faith at publicly as some others might. This is mainly because
of past persecutions. However, for those who are sincerely interested,
there always exist persons with whom to visit and explore that
interest. Check the Directory* at the back of this booklet for names
of others who are open to contacts.
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If you are sincere and rally want to setout upon the Pagan path, the
first step is to find a Grove to study with. After a Grove accepts
you, eventually you will attend Circles.
7. DO I HAVE TO GIVE UP MY OTHERSPIRITUAL PATHS TO BECOME A WICCAN?
That will depend on the tradition and the teacher. In general,
Pagans are most tolerant of any philosophical structure, and ask only
that the tolerance be returned. You will not be requested to do
anything that differs with your beliefs and spiritual needs.
8. DOES BEING PAGAN MAKE A PERSON SPECIAL OR DIFFERENT?
Well yes, of course. But the special qualities are available to
everybody. Everything that Pagans do with Magick is done in other
religions by other names. It is only that we have found that these
particular formulas, beliefs, and celebrations work best for us.
These are varying approaches to (and grasps of) personal Power. One
way of recognizing someone who is truly Powerful is to note whether he
or she seems to need control or influence over others. True personal
power is content to control only the self, and personal reality.
9. DO YOU CAST SPELLS ON OTHER PEOPLE?
The major law in our religion is: "Do what you will, an it hurt no
other." (The Golden Rule)
In other words, no one is prevented from exploration of God and
GodSelf as long as others are not harmed.
We do believe in directing the energies of the universe toward
accomplishment of certain ends, but magick is never effective on
another person unless the person specifically requests it and takes
responsibility for that request.
Attempts at so-called `black' magick, or use of the universal
energies for negative or harmful purposes, only result in karmic
backlash magnified at least threefold on the unfortunate would-be |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 290 | black magician.
Our tradition does not believe in the possibility of `psychic
attack', and hence does not teach methods for combating it. Our
philosophy tells us that to raise a force against `psychic attack' is
only to create that which you fear.
10. ARE PAGANS ANTI-CHRISTIAN?
No. But many Christians are anti-Pagan. Historically there has
existed an adversary relationship between Christianity and the Nature
Religions (largely created by Christians.)
It takes much universal love not to strike back when attacked, and
occasionally a Pagan might seem bitter or afraid as the result of
anti-Pagan treatment. This is only a personal reaction, not a
characteristic of the religion itself.
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It is also true that Wiccans and Pagans have suffered dismissal from
jobs and worse simply from their religious affiliation being revealed.
Events like these lead to a certain caution and sometimes even an
attitude approaching mild paranoia.
11. WHO IS IN CHARGE OF PAGANISM?
Each person is in charge of him or herself, responsible totally to
Godd/ess. One might hear an individual called High Priestess, or
Priest, but this title has more to do with the role played in
ceremonies than with status in any formal hierarchy.
Groves and teaching groups sometimes have various levels of
initiation, but again, these are individual to each tradition.
12. WHAT MAKES WICCA DIFFERENT FROM OTHER PATHS THAT BELIEVE IN THE
PSYCHIC POWERS?
We usually find that people most often comment on the robes and the
tools. Traditionally we wear special garments while engaging in
devotions, as a male Jew wears prayer shawl and skullcap. The garments
have symbolisms, and stand for beliefs of the person wearing them.
The tools are: a cup, knife, staff (or wand), and the pentacle, a
5-pointed star with 5th point upward, enclosed in a circle.
For those familiar with the tarotcards, this was the original source
of the tarot suits as well as many meanings and symbolisms in the
tarot deck.
13. WHAT IS DONE WITH THE TOOLS?
They are used, along with other objects, like candles, bells, and
incense to focus energies and influence Universal forces with our
prayers. If the format reminds you of Roman Catholic mass, that's
because much of the indigenous Nature Religion's mysteries were
`adopted' when Christianity moved into Northern Europe -- into
England, Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia ... the lands of the Celts. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 291 | Also, if the tools and concepts seem to resemble elements in
Rosicrucianism, the Caballa, and the Masonic Temple, it is because the
latter paths drew and adopted Pagan rituals and forms for other uses.
Since ours was an oral tradition we gratefully acknowledge the role
these organizations played in bringing to modern times knowledge and
insights which have otherwise been lost.
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Here's a bit of trivia: Although the Founding Fathers of the U.S.A.
generally held indifferent attitudes about Christianity they were all
thirty-third degree Masons. Obviously they sought to incorporate their
high ideals into writing our first constitution. This odd fact
explains to some people why fundamentalist Christians and the
constitution occasionally seem to be at cross-purposes.
14. HOW LARGE IS THE RELIGION?
Since Wicca, or Paganism, is an alternative religion uninterested in
power or clout, we measure our `size' usually only by spiritual
growth. There is a national newspaper published quarterly by which
many Pagans keep in touch.
15. WHAT ABOUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY?
That's magick, too! Craft practitioners of old WERE the scientists
... there was need for healers and herbalists, agriculture and
astronomy experts. The scientific method has now made teaching these
subjects respectable in universities. But in the process we have lost
the lore's former integration of the spiritual relationship between
God Expressed As Nature and ourselves.
Manyof us are scientifically trained and hold technological jobs and
interests. This does not interfere with but only adds to a desire for
ritual celebration and union with Godd/ess. Also many of us are
ourselves practicing psychics, or are interested in extrasensory
perception (ESP) and its uses. Paganism makes available a
philosophical structure for all of these ends utilized effectively for
millennia. It urges individuals to develop their personal powers
within that structure and to use them thereafter in a responsible way. |
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327
16. THAT'S SOMETHING ELSE: WHY DON'T I EVER HEAR OR READ ABOUT PAGAN
CHARITIES OR GOOD WORKS?
Good news makes terrible press. News media and supermarket tabloids
would much rather print scandal and controversy. How many times have
you seen a headline that attributed a person's conduct to his/her
belief in Witchcraft? Do you ever see the same types of stories about
Moslems, Jews or Christians?
In addition, organized charity can only be accomplished undercertain
forms of organized religious structures. That takes leadership,
delegation of powers, community resources and accumulation of money
and collective wealth.
We focus instead on personal responsibility and the necessity of
reflecting Godd/ess in our characters and lives. Occasionally persons
in the Craft will join together to change a situation or to help
someone, but this is always done quietly and with the full knowledge
and permission of those for whom the help of change in requested. It
is always done without taking public credit. We feel that Godd/ess
knows, and that is all we need.
17. HOW CAN WE SUM THIS UP IN A FEW WORDS?
Wicca, a branch of the spiritual movement called Neopaganism (or
Paganism) is primarily a religion of personal, mystical relationship
between the Universal Mind as expressed in Nature and the individual.
It believes in Magick, or positive change wrought by prayer and
ceremonial ritual. It brings its practitioners the joy of union and
harmony with Godd/ess as expressed in Nature as well as fellowship
with other persons who are on similar paths. Personal responsibility
and growth are stressed, dogma and rigid beliefs are discouraged.
MAY GODD/ESS SPEAK TO YOU
IN THE VOICE YOU HEAR BEST.
BLESSED BE! |
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A LITTLE LESS MISUNDERSTANDING
(What Christians Don't Understand about Neopaganism)
by J. Brad Hicks
Q: Are you a witch?
A: That's actually a tricky question to answer, so let me go
about it in a round-about way. What I am is a Neopagan.
Neopaganism is a beautiful, complex religion that is not in
opposition to Christianity in any way - just different. However,
some of the people that the Catholic church burned as "witches"
were people who practiced the same things that I do. In
identification with them and the suffering that they went through,
some of us (Neopagans) call ourselves witches. One expert, P.E.I.
Bonewits, says that there are actually several kinds of groups who
call themselves "witches." Some are people whose ancestors were the
village healers, herbalists, midwives, and such, many of whom had
(or were ascribed to have) mental, psychic, or magical powers, which
were passed down through the family in the form of oral tradition,
and Bonewits calls them "Traditional Witches." Some are people who
have deliberately used the term to oppose themselves to Christianity,
are practicing "Satanists," and practice (deliberately) most of the
practices invented by the Inquisitors. Bonewits calls them "Gothic"
or "Neo-Gothic Witches." Of a different kind are some radical
feminist groups, who call themselves witches because they believe
that the original Inquisition was primarily anti-female; some of
these also practice magic, many of them do not - Bonewits calls
them "Feminist Witches." But the vast majority of modern witches
are harmless people who worship God in many forms, including the
Lord of the Dance, the Lady, and the Mother Earth. These are the
people that Bonewits (and I) call"Neopagan Witches" - and this is
what I am. I hope that this helps more than it confuses.
Q: Are you a devil worshipper?
A: I'm tempted to just say, "No!" and leave it at that, but that
probably isn't enough. Devil worship (including Satanism) is
really a Christian heresy. (If you don't believe me, ask an expert -
say, any well-read pastor or theology professor.) In order to worship |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 294 | Satan, you have to believe in him - and there are no references to
Satan outside of the Christian Bible. So to be a Satanist or a
devil worshipper, you have to believe in the accuracy of the Christian
Bible, then identify yourself with God's Enemy, proclaim that you
are "evil," and then try to "fight against Jesus" or similar
nonsense. Neopagans do not accept the Christian Bible as a source of
truth. As a source of some beautiful poetry, sometimes, or as a
source of myth, but not as a source of truth. Emphatically, we do
not believe that God has an Opposite, an evil being trying to destroy
God, the world, man, or whatever. So it is non-sensical to say that
Neopagans worship Satan. Of course, many people insist that any god
other than JHVH/Jesus (and his other Biblical names) is a demon or an
illusion created by Satan. Well, you're welcome to believe that if
you like - but over half of the world's population is going to
be unhappy at you. Jews and followers of Islam are just as confident
that they worship the True God as you are, and resent being called
devil worshippers. So do I.
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Q: What do Neopagans believe about God?
A: Neopaganism is a new religion with very, very old roots. It
harks back to the first religions that man ever practiced (based
on the physical evidence). Neopagans worship a variety of symbols
from the Old Religions - the practices of the ancient Celts, the
Greeks, the Egyptians, the Romans - and differ with each other over
what those symbols really represent. What I (and many others)
believe is that they are all aspects of God (or maybe, the Gods) -
some kind of beautiful, powerful, and loving being or force that ties
all of life together and is the origin of all miracles - including
miracles such as written language, poetry, music, art ...
Q: Do Neopagans have a Bible?
A: Not most of us. The closest analogue would be a witch's Book
of Shadows, which is a sort of notebook of legends, poetry, history,
and magic ritual which is copied by every newly-initiated witch, then
added to. But on the whole, even a Book of Shadows isn't what
Christians think of as a Bible. It's not infallible (couldn't be,
they've been brought to us via hastily-copied texts under trying
circumstances), it doesn't prescribe a specific code of morality
(except for a few general guidelines), and it doesn't claim to be
dictated by God - except for a few, debatable parts. Those of us
who aren't witches don't even have that much. Neopaganism is a
religious system that relies more on the individual than on the
Book or the Priest. One of the principal beliefs of Neopaganism is
that no one, not Pope nor Priest nor Elder, has the right to
interfere with your relationship to God. Learn from whomever you
want, and pray to whatever name means the most to you.
Q: Did you say magic? Do Neopagans believe in the occult?
A: Cringe. What a badly worded question - but I hear it all the
time. Neopagans as a rule don't "believe in the occult" - we
practice magic. Magic is simply a way to focus the mental abilities
that you were born with, and use them to change the world in
positive ways. Magic can also be mixed with worship; in which case it
differs very little from Christian prayer.
Q: But I thought that you said that you weren't a demon-worshipper?
A: That's right. Magic and demonology are two different things. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 295 | Magic you also know as "psychic powers" or "mentallics" or even as
"the power of positive thinking" - in essence, the magical world
view holds that "reality" is mostly a construct of the human mind,
and as such, can be altered by the human mind. That's all there
is to it.
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Q: How do you become a Neopagan?
A: In a very real sense, nobody every "becomes" a Neopagan.
There are no converts, as no conversion is necessary. Neopaganism
is an attitude towards worship, and either you have it or you don't.
My case is not atypical. All of my life, I have been fascinated by
the old mythologies. I have always found descriptions of the Greek
Gods fascinating. If I had any religious beliefs as a child, it was
that somewhere, there was a God, and many people worship Him, but I
had no idea what His name was. I set out to find Him, and through an
odd combination of circumstances, I because convinced that his Name
was Jesus. But seven years later, I had to admit to myself that
Whoever God is, he answers non-Christians' prayers as well as those
in the name of Jesus. In either case, true miracles are rare. In
both cases, the one praying has a devout experience with God. After
searching my soul, I admitted that I could not tell that I was better
off than when I believed in the Old Gods. And in the mean time, I had
found out that other people also loved the Old Gods - and that they
call themselves Neopagans. When I realized that what I believed was
little or no different that what they believed, I called myself a
Neopagan, too. The common element for nearly all of us is that nearly
all of us already believed these things, before we found out that
anyone else did. "Becoming" a pagan is never a conversion. It's
usually a home-coming. No one ever "brainwashed" me. I finally
relaxed, and stopped struggling against my own self.
Q: I've heard about witches holding orgies and such. Do you?
A: No, that sort of thing doesn't appeal to me. Most of the
crap that you've heard about "witch orgies" is nonsense made up by
the National Enquirer to sell magazines. But I shouldn't be flippant
about this, because it underlies a serious question - what kind of
morality do Neopagans hold to?
"Eight words the Wiccan Rede fulfill:
An it harm none, do what thou will!"
from an old Book of Shadows
That about sums it all up. Neopaganism teaches that it is
harmful to yourself (and dangerous) to harm others. It also |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 296 | teaches that trying to impose your moral standards on somebody
else's behavior is (at least) foolish - and probably dangerous,
as you run some serious chance of hurting that person. Perhaps in
a sense Neopagans don't have morality, for as R. A. Wilson said,
"There are no commandments because there is no Commander
anywhere," but Neopagans do have ethics - standards for behavior
based on honor and mutual benefit.
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Q: I saw on the news that Neopagans use a star in a circle as their
emblem. Isn't that a Satanic symbol?
A: A pentacle (that's what it's called) is a Satanic symbol in
precisely same sense that the cross is a Nazi symbol. The German
National Socialist Party used an equal-armed cross with four flags
attached to it as their emblem. (Yes, I know - that's a swastika.
Well, before the Nazis made the word common knowledge, people just
called it a "bent cross" - it's an old heraldic symbol, and it
means the same thing that a normal cross does). That doesn't make
the Nazis good Christians, and it doesn't make Christians into
Nazis. In the same sense, Satanists (and some rock groups) use a
type of pentacle as their emblem. That doesn't make them Neopagans,
nor does it mean that Neopagans are Satanists (or even
rock-and-rollers).
Q: Are Neopagans opposed to Christianity?
A: Some Neopagans are ex-Christians, and I'm not going to deny
that some of them have a grudge against the Church because of what
they perceived as attempts to control their minds. Further, many
Neopagans are suspicious of the Church, because it was in the name
of Jesus Christ that nine million of our kind were murdered.
Neopagans are opposed to anyone who uses force to control the
minds of others. Does that include you? If not, then it means
that Neopagans as such are not opposed to you. Do you work for the
benefit of mankind, are you respectful to the Earth? Then it makes
us allies, whether or not either of us wants to admit it.
- - - - - - - - - -
There are manyother misconceptions in the popularmind about
the Neopagan religion. Unless you've studied it, read about it
from sympathetic sources, then you really don't know anything about
Neopagan history, beliefs, practices, customs, art, science, culture,
or magic. But it would take several entire books to teach you, and I
already fear that I will be accused of trying to win converts
(despite what I've said above). If you are curious and willing to
learn, try some of the following books: |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 297 | Margot Adler, _Drawing Down the Moon_
Starhawk, _The Spiral Dance_
P.E.I. Bonewits, _Real Magic_
Stewart Farrar, _What Witches Do_.
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332
NEOPAGANISM
By Eric S. Raymond
I. Introduction
The neopagan phenomenon is a loose collection of religious
movements, experiments and jokes that offers a healthy alternative to
the dogmatism of the Judeo/Christian/Islamic mainstream (on the one
hand) and the mushy-mindedness of most 'New Age' groups (on the
other).
This article,prepared atthe requestof anumber ofcurious net.
posters, offers a brief description of neopagan thought and practice.
A list of good sources for further study are listed at the end.
II. What is a neopagan?
I used the term 'religious' above, but as you'll see it's
actually more than somewhat misleading, and I (like many other
neopagans) use it only because no other word is available for the more
general kind of thing of which the neopagan movement and what we
generally think of as 'religion' are special cases.
Neopaganism is 'religious' in the etymological sense of 're
ligare', to rebind (to roots, to strengths, to the basics of things),
and it deals with mythology and the realm of the 'spiritual'. But, as
we in the Judeo/Christian West have come to understand 'religion' (an
organized body of belief that connects the 'supernatural' with an
authoritarian moral code via 'faith') neopaganism is effectively and
radically anti-religious. I emphasize this because it is important in
understanding what follows.
Common characteristics of almostall the groups that describe
themselves as 'neopagan' (the term is often capitalized) include:
1. Anti-dogmatism
Neopagan religions are religions of practice, pragmatism and
immediate experience. The emphasis is always on what they can help the
individuals in them to *do* and *experience*; theology and metaphysics |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 298 | take a back seat, and very little 'faith' or 'belief' is required or
expected. In fact many neopagans (including yours truly) are actively
hostile to 'faith' and all the related ideas of religious authority,
'divine revelation' and the like.
2. Compatibility with a scientific world-view
This tends to follow from the above. Because neopaganism is
centered in experiences rather than beliefs, it doesn't need or want
to do vast overarching cosmologies or push fixed Final Answers to the
Big Questions -- understanding and helping human beings relate to each
other and the world as we experience it is quite enough for us. Thus,
we are generally friendly to science and the scientific world-view.
Many of us are scientists and technologists ourselves (in fact, by
some counts, a plurality of us are computer programmers!).
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3. Reverence for nature, sensuality, and pleasure
Mostneopaganisms makeheavy use ofnature symbolismand encourage
people to be more aware of their ties to all the non-human life on
this planet. Explicit worship of 'Gaia', the earth ecosphere
considered as a single interdependent unit, is common. Veneration of
nature deities is central to many traditions. Ecological activism is
often considered a religious duty, though there is much controversy
over what form it should take.
Bypreference, mostneopagans holdtheir ceremoniesoutdoors under
sun or moon. Seasonal changes and astronomical rhythms (especially the
solstices, equinoxes and full and new moons) define the ritual
calendar.
Ritual and festivenudity arecommon; to benaked before natureis
often considered a holy and integrating act in itself. Sex is
considered sacramental and sexual energy and symbolisms permeate
neopagan practice (we like to contrast this with Christianity, in
which the central sacrament commemorates a murder and climaxes in
ritual cannibalism).
4. Polytheism, pantheism, agnosticism
Most neopaganisms are explicitly polytheistic -- that is, they
recognize pantheons of multiple deities. But the reality behind this
is more complex than it might appear.
First, many neopagans are philosophical agnostics or even
atheists; there is a tendency to regard 'the gods' as Jungian
archetypes or otherwise in some sense created by and dependent on
human belief, and thus naturally plural and observer-dependent.
Secondly, asin many historicalpolytheisms, there isan implicit
though seldom-discussed idea that all the gods and goddesses we deal
with are 'masks', refractions of some underlying unity that we cannot
or should not attempt to approach directly.
And thirdly, there is a strong undercurrent of pantheism, the |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 299 | belief that the entire universe is in some important sense a
responsive, resonating and sacred whole (or, which is different and
subtler, that it is proper for human beings to view it that way).
Many neopagans hold all three of these beliefs simultaneously.
5. Decentralized, non-authoritarian organization; no priestly elite
Neopagans have seen what happens when a priesthood elite gets
temporal power; we want none of that. We do not take collections,
build temples, or fund a full-time clergy. In fact the clergy-laity
distinction is pretty soft; in many traditions, all members are
considered 'in training' for it, and in all traditions every
participant in a ritual is an active one; there are and can be no
pew-sitting passive observers.
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Mostneopagan traditionsare (dis)organizedashorizontal networks
of small affinity groups (usually called 'circles', 'groves', or
'covens' depending on the flavor of neopagan involved). Priests and
priestesses have no real authority outside their own circles (and
sometimes not much inside them!), though some do have national
reputations.
Many of us keep a low profile partly due to a real fear of
persecution. Too many of our spiritual ancestors were burned, hung,
flayed and shot by religions that are still powerful for a lot of us
to feel safe in the open. Down in the Bible Belt the burnings and
beatings are still going on, and the media loves to hang that
'Satanist' label on anything it doesn't understand for a good
juicy story.
Also, we never proselytize. This posting is about as active a
neopagan solicitation as anyone will ever see; we tend to believe that
'converts' are dangerous robots and that people looking to be
'converted' aren't the kind we want. We have found that it works quite
well enough to let people find us when they're ready for what we have
to teach.
6. Reverence for the female principle
Oneof the most striking differencesbetween neopagan groups and
the religious mainstream is the wide prevalence (and in some
traditions dominance) of the worship of goddesses. Almost all
neopagans revere some form of the Great Mother, often as a nature
goddess identified with the ecosphere, and there are probably more
female neopagan clergy than there are male.
Most neopagan traditions are equalist (these tend to pair the
Great Mother with a male fertility-god, usually some cognate of the
Greek Pan). A vocal and influential minority are actively feminist,
and (especially on the West Coast) there have been attempts to present
various neopagan traditions as the natural 'women's religion' for the
feminist movement. The effects of this kind of politicization of
neopaganism are a topic of intense debate within the movement and fuel
some of its deepest factional divisions. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 300 | 7. Respect for art and creativity
Neopaganism tends to attractartists and musicians as muchas it
attracts technologists. Our myth and ritual can be very powerful at
stimulating and releasing creativity, and one of the greatest
strengths of the movement is the rich outgrowth of music, poetry,
crafts and arts that has come from that. It is quite common for people
joining the movement to discover real talents in those areas that they
never suspected.
Poets and musicians have the kind of special place at neopagan
festivals that they did in pre-literate cultures; many of our
best-known people are or have been bards and songsmiths, and the
ability to compose and improvise good ritual poetry is considered the
mark of a gifted priest(ess) and very highly respected.
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8. Eclecticism
"Steal from any source that doesn't run too fast" is aneopagan
motto. A typical neopagan group will mix Greek, Celtic and Egyptian
mythology with American Indian shamanism. Ritual technique includes
recognizable borrowings from medieval ceremonial magic, Freemasonry
and pre-Nicene Christianity, as well as a bunch of 20th-century
inventions. Humanistic psychology and some of the more replicable New
Age healing techniques have recently been influential. The resulting
stew is lively and effective, though sometimes a bit hard to hold
together.
9. A sense of humor
Neopagans generally believethat itis more dangerousto takeyour
religion too seriously than too lightly. Self-spoofery is frequent and
(in some traditions) semi-institutionalized, and at least one major
neopagan tradition (Discordianism, known to many on this net) is
*founded* on elaborate spoofery and started out as a joke.
Oneof the most attractive features of the neopagan approach is
that we don't confuse solemnity with gloom. Our rituals are generally
celebratory and joyous, and a humorous remark at the right time need
not break the mood.
We generally feel that anyreligion that can't stand tohave fun
poked at it is in as sad shape as the corresponding kind of person.
III. What kinds of neopagan are there, and where did they come from?
Depending onwho you talkto and whatdefinitions you use,there
are between 40,000 and 200,000 neopagans in the U.S.; the true figure
is probably closer to the latter than the former, and the movement is
still growing rapidly following a major 'population explosion' in the
late '70s.
The numericallylargest and most influentialneopagan group is
the 'Kingdom of Wicca' -- the modern witch covens. Modern witchcraft
has nothing to do with Hollywood's images of the cackling, |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 301 | cauldron-stirring crone (though wiccans sometimes joke about that one)
and is actively opposed to the psychopathic Satanism that many
Christians erroneously think of as 'witchcraft'. Your author is an
initiate Wiccan priest and coven leader of long standing.
Otherimportant subgroupsinclude thoseseeking torevive Norse,
Egyptian, Amerind, and various kinds of tribal pantheons other than
the Greek and Celtic ones that have been incorporated into Wicca.
These generally started out as Wiccan offshoots or have been so
heavily influenced by Wiccan ritual technique that their people can
usually work comfortably in a Wiccan circle and vice-versa.
There arealso the variousorders of ceremonialmagicians, most
claiming to be the successors to the turn-of-the-century Golden Dawn
or one of the groups founded by Alesteir Crowley during his brilliant
and notorious occult career. These have their own very elaborate
ritual tradition, and tend to be more intellectual, more rigid, and
less nature-oriented. They are sometimes reluctant to describe
themselves as neopagans.
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The Discordians (and, more recently, the Discordian-offshoot
Church of the Sub-Genius) are few in number but quite influential.
They are the neopagan movement's sacred clowns, puncturing pretense
and adding an essential note to the pagan festivals. Many Wiccans,
especially among priests and priestesses, are also Discordians and
will look you straight in the eye and tell you that the entire
neopagan movement is a Discordian hoax...
Neopaganism used to be largely a white, upper-middle-class
phenomenon, but that has been changing during the last five years. So
called 'new-collar' workers have come in droves during the eighties.
We still see fewer non-whites, proportionately, than there are in the
general population, but that is also changing (though more slowly).
With the exception of a few nut-fringe 'Aryan' groups detested by the
whole rest of the movement, neopagans are actively anti-racist;
prejudice is not the problem, it's more that the ideas have tended to
be accepted by the more educated segments of society
first, and until recently those more educated segments were mostly
white.
OntheEastCoast, ahigher-than-general-populationpercentage of
neopagans have Roman Catholic or Jewish backgrounds, but figures
suggest this is not true nationwide. There is also a very significant
overlap in population with science-fiction fandom and the Society for
Creative Anachronism.
Politically, neopagans are distributed about the same as the
general population, except that whether liberal or conservative they
tend to be more individualist and less conformist and moralistic than
average. It is therefore not too surprising that the one significant
difference in distribution is the presence of a good many more
libertarians than one would see in a same-sized chunk of the general
population (I particularly register this because I'm a libertarian
myself, but non-libertarians have noted the same phenomenon). These
complexities are obscured by the fact that the most politically active
and visible neopagans are usually ex-hippie left-liberals from the
'60s. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 302 | I think the most acute generalization made about pagans as a
whole is Margot Adler's observation that they are mostly self-made
people, supreme individualists not necessarily in the assertive or
egoist sense but because they have felt the need to construct their
own culture, their own definitions, their own religious paths, out of
whatever came to hand rather than accepting the ones that the
mainstream offers.
IV. Where do I find out more?
I have deliberatelynot said much aboutmythology, or specific
religious practice or aims, or the role of magic and to what extent we
practice and 'believe' in it. Any one of those is a topic for another
posting; but you can get a lot of information from books. Here's a
basic bibliography:
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337
Adler, Margot _Drawing_Down_the_Moon_ (Random House 1979, hc)
This book is a lucid and penetrating account of who the modern
neo-pagans are, what they do and why they do it, from a woman who
spent almost two years doing observer-participant journalism in the
neo-pagan community. Especially valuable because it combines an
anthropologist's objectivity with a candid personal account of her
own feelings about all she saw and did and how her ideas about the
neo-pagans changed under the impact of the experiences she went
through. Recommended strongly as a first book on the subject, and
it's relatively easy to find. There is now a revised and expanded
second edition available.
Starhawk _The_Spiral_Dance_
An anthology of philosophy, poetry, training exercises, ritual
outlines and instructive anecdotes from a successful working coven.
First-rate as an introduction to the practical aspects of magick and
running a functioning circle. Often findable at feminist bookstores.
Shea, Robert and Wilson, Robert Anton _Illuminatus!_ (Dell, 1975, pb)
This work of alleged fiction is an incredible berserko-surrealist
rollercoaster that _will_ bend your mind into a pretzel with an
acid-head blitzkrieg of plausible, instructive and enlightening lies
and a few preposterous and obscure truths. Amidst this eccentric tale
of world-girdling conspiracies, intelligent dolphins, the fall of
Atlantis, who _really_ killed JFK, sex, drugs, rock and roll and the
Cosmic Giggle Factor, you will find Serious Truths about Mind, Time,
Space, the Nature of God(dess) and What It All Means -- and also
learn why you should on no account take them Seriously. Pay
particular attention to Appendix Lamedh ("The Tactics of Magick"), but
it won't make sense until you've read the rest. This was first
published in 3 volumes as _The_Eye_In_The_Pyramid_, _The_
Golden_Apple_ and _Leviathan_, but there's now a one-volume trade
paperback carried by most chain bookstores under SF.
Campbell, Joseph W., _The_Masks_of_God_ (Viking Books, 1971, pb)
One of the definitiveanalytical surveys of world mythography-- and |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 303 | readable to boot! It's in 4 volumes:
I. _Primitive_Mythology_
II. _Oriental_Mythology_
III. _Occidental_Mythology_
IV. _Creative_Mythology_
The theoretical framework of these books is a form of pragmatic
neo-Jungianism which has enormously influenced the neopagans (we can
accurately be described as the practice for which Campbell and Jung
were theorizing). Note especially his predictions in vols. I & IV of a
revival of shamanic, vision-quest-based religious forms. The recent
Penguin pb edition of this book should be available in the Mythology
and Folklore selection of any large bookstore.
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338
Bonewits, Isaac, _Real_Magic_ (Creative Arts Books, 1979, pb)
A fascinating analytical study of the psychodynamics of ritual and
magick. This was Bonewits's Ph.D. thesis for the world's only known
doctorate in Magic and Thaumaturgy (UCLA Berkeley, 1971). Hardest of
the five to find but well worth the effort -- an enormously
instructive, trenchant and funny book.
V. Will there be more net.info on this topic?
I am also available to answer questions by email or phone. Be
warned that I will probably tell you to go off and study some more,
rather than referring you to a group, if you haven't read at least two
out of the five above or else good equivalents like Michael Harner's
_Way_Of_The_Shaman_ (Castaneda, UFOlogy books and anything on
astrology or the Great Pyramid will *not* count! Grrr...!).
No fooling, learning to do this stuff right is hard work and
demands a lot more rigor and clear thinking than most people associate
with 'occultism'. But it's also fun and empowering and could turn out
to be one of the couple most important things you do with your life.
If response to this posting is heavy, I may post some stuff on
Wiccan ritual practice and theology, that being what I know best. |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 304 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
339
W H A T I S W I C C A ?
An Introduction to "The Old Religion" of Europe
and its Modern Revival
by Amber K, High Priestess
Our Lady of the Woods
P.O. Box 176
Blue Mounds, Wisconsin 53517
(This leaflet may be reproduced and distributed exactly as-is,
without further permission from the author, provided it is
offered free of charge. Changes in the text, however, must be
approved in advance by the author. Thank you!)
WICCA (sometimes called Wicce, The Craft, or The Old
Religion by its practitioners) is an ancient religion of love for
life and nature.
In prehistoric times, people respected the great forces of
Nature and celebrated the cycles of the seasons and the moon.
They saw divinity in the sun and moon, in the Earth Herself, and
in all life. The creative energies of the universe were
personified: feminine and masculine principles became Goddesses
and Gods. These were not semi-abstract, superhuman figures set
apart from Nature: they were embodied in earth and sky, women and
men, and even plants and animals.
This viewpoint is still central to present-day Wicca. To
most Wiccans, everything in Natures -- and all Goddesses and Gods
-- are true aspects of Deity. The aspects most often celebrated
in the Craft, however, are the Triple Goddess of the Moon (Who is
Maiden, Mother, and Crone) and the Horned God of the wilds.
These have many names in various cultures.
Wicca had its organized beginnings in Paleolithic times, co-
existed with other Pagan ("country") religions in Europe, and had |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 305 | a profound influence on early Christianity. But in the medieval
period, tremendous persecution was directed against the Nature
religions by the Roman Church. Over a span of 300 years,
millions of men and women and many children were hanged, drowned
or burned as accused "Witches." The Church indicted them for
black magic and Satan worship, though in fact these were never a
part of the Old Religion.
The Wiccan faith went underground, to be practiced in small,
secret groups called "covens." For the most part, it stayed
hidden until very recent times. Now scholars such as Margaret
Murray and Gerald Gardner have shed some light on the origins of
the Craft, and new attitudes of religious freedom have allowed
covens in some areas to risk becoming more open.
How do Wiccan folk practice their faith today? There is no
central authority or doctrine, and individual covens vary a great
deal. But most meet to celebrate on nights of the Full Moon, and
at eight great festivals or Sabbats throughout the year.
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Though some practice alone or with only their families, many
Wiccans are organized into covens of three to thirteen members.
Some are led by a High Priestess or Priest, many by a
Priestess/Priest team; others rotate or share leadership. Some
covens are highly structured and hierarchical, while others may
be informal and egalitarian. Often extensive training is
required before initiation, and coven membership is considered an
important commitment.
There are many branches or "traditions" of Wicca in the
United States and elsewhere, such as the Gardnerian, Alexandrian,
Welsh Traditional, Dianic, Faery, Seax-Wicca and others. All
adhere to a code of ethics. None engage in the disreputable
practices of some modern "cults," such as isolating and
brainwashing impressionable, lonely young people. Genuine
Wiccans welcome sisters and brothers, but not disciples,
followers or victims.
Coven meetings include ritual, celebration and magick (the
"k" is to distinguish it from stage illusions). Wiccan magick is
not at all like the instant "special effects" of cartoon shows or
fantasy novels, nor medieval demonology; it operates in harmony
with natural laws and is usually less spectacular -- though
effective. Various techniques are used to heal people and
animals, seek guidance, or improve members' lives in specific
ways. Positive goals are sought: cursing and "evil spells" are
repugnant to practitioners of the Old Religion.
Wiccans tend to be strong supporters of environmental
protection, equal rights, global peace and religious freedom, and
sometimes magick is used toward such goals.
Wiccan beliefs do not include such Judeao-Christian concepts
as original sin, vicarious atonement, divine judgement or bodily
resurrection. Craft folk believe in a beneficent universe, the
laws of karma and reincarnation, and divinity inherent in every
human being and all of Nature. Yet laughter and pleasure are
part of their spiritual tradition, and they enjoy singing, |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 306 | dancing, feasting, and love.
Wiccans tend to be individualists, and have no central holy
book, prophet, or church authority. They draw inspiration and
insight from science, and personal experience. Each practitioner
keeps a personal book or journal in which s/he records magickal
"recipes," dreams, invocations, songs, poetry and so on.
To most of the Craft, every religion has its own valuable
perspective on the nature of Deity and humanity's relationship to
it: there is no One True Faith. Rather, religious diversity is
necessary in a world of diverse societies and individuals.
Because of this belief, Wiccan groups do not actively recruit or
proselytize: there is an assumption that people who can benefit
from the Wiccan way will "find their way home" when the time is
right.
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Despite the lack of evangelist zeal, many covens are quite
willing to talk with interested people, and even make efforts to
inform their communities about the beliefs and practices of
Wicca. One source of contacts is The Covenant of the Goddess,
P.O. Box 1226, Berkeley, CA 94704. Also, the following books may
be of interest: (Ask your librarian.)
DRAWING DOWN THE MOON by Margot Adler
THE SPIRAL DANCE by Starhawk
POSITIVE MAGIC by Marion Weinstein
WHAT WITCHES DO by Stewart Farrar
WITCHCRAFT FOR TOMORROW by Doreen Valiente |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 307 | Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
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CULT DANGER EVALUATION FRAME
~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~
(with apologies to P.E.I. Bonewitz)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
low middle high
Rate these 15 criteria according to the amount of it you perceive in a
given group/religious organization. Higher scores usually mean a
higher
danger of mind control or brainwashing.
1.) HOW MUCH CONTROL DO THE LEADER(S) OF THE ORGANIZATION
HAVEOVER
ITSMEMBERSHIP?............................___________
2.) HOW MUCH WISDOM AND/OR INFALLIBILITY IS CLAIMED BY
THELEADER(S)OFTHEORGANIZATION?...................___________
3.) HOW MUCH WISDOM AND/OR INFALLIBILITY DO THE MEMBERS
OF THE ORGANIZATION CREDIT TO THEIR LEADER(S)?.......___________
4.) HOW INFLEXIBLE IS THE ORGANIZATION ON INTERPRETATION
OF
DOCTRINE/REALITY
CONCEPTS?........................___________
5.) HOW IMPORTANT IS RECRUITING/PROSELYTIZING TO THE
ORGANIZATION?........................................_______
____
6.) HOW MANY FRONT GROUPS DOES THE ORGANIZATION OPERATE
UNDER?..............................................._______
____
7.) HOW MUCH EMPHASIS DOES THE GROUP PLACE ON DONATIONS?
HOW IS MONEY USED WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION? ARE THE
LEADER(S) VISIBLY WEALTHIER THAN THE RANK-AND-FILE
MEMBERSOF
THEORGANIZATION?........................____________
8.) HOW MUCH POLITICAL POWER EXISTS WITHIN THE
ORGANIZATIONORIS DESIREDBYTHE ORGANIZATION?.....____________
9.) IS THERE SEXUAL MANIPULATION BEING USED IN THE
GROUP? (HARASSMENT/LEADER(S) ASKING OR GETTING
SEXUALFAVORSFROMTHEMEMBERS).....................____________ |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 308 | 10.) HOW MUCH ACCESS TO AND TOLERANCE OF OTHER IDEAS DO
THE LEADER(S) ACCORD MEMBERS? HOW MUCH DO MEMBERS
KNOWOFOUTSIDE OPINIONSOFTHE ORGANIZATION?.......____________
11.) HOW INTENSE ARE EFFORTS DIRECTED AT PREVENTING OR
RE-INDOCTRINATING
DROPOUTS?.........................____________
12.) DOES THE ORGANIZATION ENDORSE VIOLENCE ON BEHALF OF
ITOR
ITSLEADERS?..................................____________
13.) HOW MUCH PARANOIA DOES THE ORGANIZATION EXHIBIT
TOWARDSTHE"OUTSIDE
WORLD?"........................____________
14.) HOW MUCH DISAPPROVAL DOES THE ORGANIZATION HAVE OF
JOKES ABOUTIT,ITS DOCTRINES,OR ITSLEADER(S)?....____________
15.) HOW TIGHT IS DISCIPLINE INSIDE THE ORGANIZATION?
(FOR EXAMPLE, ARE THOSE WHO DISAGREE WITH DOCTRINAL
POINTS OR LEADERSHIP DECISIONS OSTRACIZED OR
SHUNNED?).........................................._____________
Questions number 9 and 12 are pretty much yes or no questions, so give
a 1 if no, a 10 if yes. 7 is an iffy one, if it looks like the leader
or leaders of the group are living a lot higher on the hog than their
"flock", or that the leader(s) skim liberally from the "collection
box" and use that to live in luxury, then you should give the group an
automatic 9 or 10 in that department.
I hope this is of use to all in regards to figuring out whether or not
a group is truly a "cult" or not. It's YOUR mind...USE IT!!!!!!!
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
343
RE-THINKING THE WATCHTOWERS
or
13 Reasons Air should be in the North
=======================================
by Mike Nichols
copyright 1989 by Mike Nichols
(fondly dedicated to Kathy Whitworth)
INTRODUCTION
It all started 20 years ago. I was 16 years old then, and a
recent initiate to the religion of Wicca. Like most neophytes,
I was eager to begin work on my Book of Shadows, the traditional
manuscript liturgical book kept by most practicing Witches. I
copied down rituals, spells, recipes, poems, and tables of
correspondences from every source I could lay hands on. Those
generally fell into two broad categories: published works, such
as the many books available on Witchcraft and magic; and
unpublished works, mainly other Witches' Books of Shadows.
Twenty years ago, most of us were "traditional" enough to
copy everything by hand. (Today, photocopying and even computer
modem transfers are becoming de rigueur.) Always, we were
admonished to copy "every dot and comma", making an exact
transcription of the original, since any variation in the
ceremony might cause major problems for the magician. Seldom,
if ever, did anyone pause to consider where these rituals came
from in the first place, or who composed them. Most of us,
alas, did not know and did not care. It was enough just to |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 309 | follow the rubrics and do the rituals as prescribed.
But something brought me to an abrupt halt in my copying
frenzy. I had dutifully copied rituals from different sources,
and suddenly realized they contained conflicting elements. I
found myself comparing the two versions, wondering which one was
"right", "correct", "authentic", "original", "older", etc. This
gave rise to the more general questions about where a ritual
came from in the first place. Who created it? Was it created
by one person or many? Was it ever altered in transmission? If
so, was it by accident or intent? Do we know? Is there ever
any way to find out? How did a particular ritual get into a
Coven's Book of Shadows? From another, older, Book of Shadows?
Or from a published source? If so, where did the author of the
published work get it?
I had barely scratched the surface, and yet I could already
see that the questions being raised were very complex. (Now,
all these years later, I am more convinced than ever of the
daunting complexity of Neo-Pagan liturgical history. And I am
equally convinced of the great importance of this topic for a
thorough understanding of modern Witchcraft. It may well be a
mare's nest, but imagine the value it will have to future Craft
historians. And you are unconditionally guaranteed to see me
fly into a passionate tirade whenever I'm confronted with such
banal over-simplifications as "Crowley is the REAL author of the
Third Degree initiation," or "Everyone KNOWS Gardner INVENTED
modern Witchcraft.")
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
344
CONFLICTING TRADITIONS
The first time I noticed conflicting ritual elements was
when I was invited as a guest to attend another Coven's esbat
celebration. When the time came to "invoke the Watchtowers" (a
ritual salutation to the four directions), I was amazed to learn
that this group associated the element of Earth with the North.
My own Coven equated North with Air. How odd, I thought.
Where'd they get that? The High Priestess told me it had been
copied out of a number of published sources. Further, she said
she had never seen it listed any other way. I raced home and
began tearing books from my own library shelves. And sure
enough! Practically every book I consulted gave the following
associations as standard: North = Earth, East = Air, South =
Fire, West = Water.
Then where the heck did I get the idea that Air belonged in
the North? After much thought, I remembered having copied my
own elemental/directional associations from another Witch's Book
of Shadows, her Book representing (so she claimed) an old Welsh
tradition. Perhaps I'd copied it down wrong? A quick
long-distance phone call put my mind at ease on that score.
(When I asked her where she'd gotten it, she said she THOUGHT it
was from an even older Book of Shadows, but she wasn't certain.)
By now, I felt miffed that my own tradition seemed to be at
variance with most published sources. Still, my own rituals
didn't seem to be adversely affected. Nor were those of my |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 310 | fellow Coven members, all of whom put Air in the North.
Further, over the years I had amassed lots of associations and
correspondences that seemed to REQUIRE Air to be in the North.
The very thought of Air in the East offended both my sense of
reason and my gut-level mythic sensibilities. There are good
REASONS to place Air in the North. And the whole mythological
superstructure would collapse if Air were in the East, instead.
If this is so, then why do most published sources place Earth in
the North and Air in the East?
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
345
RITUAL TAMPERING
Suddenly, I felt sure I knew the reason! Somewhere along
the line, someone had deliberately tampered with the
information! Such tampering is a long and venerable practice
within certain branches of magic. In Western culture, it is
most typically seen among Hermetic, Cabalistic and "ceremonial"
magic lodges. It is common among such groups that, when
publishing their rituals for public consumption, they will
publish versions that are INCOMPLETE and/or deliberately ALTERED
in some way from the authentic practice. This prevents someone
who is NOT a member of the group from simply buying a book, and
performing the rituals, without benefit of formal training. It
is only when you are initiated into the lodge that you will be
given the COMPLETE and/or CORRECTED versions of their rituals.
This is how such groups guard their secrets. (And it is a
telling postscript that many scholars now believe modern
Witchcraft to have "borrowed" its directional/elemental
correspondences from ceremonial magic sources! What a laugh if
this was Crowley's last best joke on his friend Gerald Gardner!)
I remember the first time I became aware of such deliberate
ritual tampering. A friend of mine had been making a study of
the so-called "planetary squares", talismans that look like
magic squares consisting of a grid of numbers in some cryptic
order. There are seven such squares -- one for each of the
"old" planets. While making this study, he began coloring the
grids (more for his own pleasure than anything else), making
colorful mini-mosaics, using first two colors, then three, then |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 311 | four, and on up to the total number of squares in the grid. Six
of the planetary squares yielded pleasing patterns of color.
Then there was the Sun square! Against all expectation, the
colors were a random jumble, with no patterns emerging. Thus,
he began his quest for the CORRECTED Sun square. And I became
convinced of the reality of ritual tampering.
THE WATCHTOWERS
All that remains, then, is for me to assemble all the
arguments in favor of the Air-in-the-North model, which I have
now come to believe is the CORRECTED system of correspondences.
The remainder of this article will be devoted to those
arguments, each with its own name and number:
1. AIRTS: This is perhaps the strongest argument. In
Celtic countries, the four elemental/directional associations
are referred to as the "four airts". And it is a known fact that
this tradition associates Air with North. While it is true that
some writers, familiar with ceremonial magic (like William Sharp
and Doreen Valiente), have given "tampered" versions of the
airts, it is a telling point that folklorists working directly
with native oral traditions (like Alexander Carmichael and F.
Marian McNeill) invariably report the Air/North connection.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
346
2. PARALLEL CULTURES: Although arguing from parallel
cultures may not be as convincing, it is still instructive to
examine other magical aboriginal cultures in the Western
hemisphere. For example, the vast majority of Native American
tribes (themselves no slouches in the area of magic!) place Air
in the North, which they symbolize by the Eagle. (Aboriginal
cultures lying south of the equator typically have different
associations, for reasons I will discuss next.)
3. GEOPHYSICAL: If one accepts the insular British origins
of elemental directions, then one must imagine living in the
British Isles. To the West is the vast expanse of the Atlantic
Ocean (i.e. water). To the East, the bulk of the European land
mass (earth). South has always been the direction of fire
because, as one travels south (toward the equator), it gets
warmer. Which leaves North as the region of air, home of the
icy winds of winter. (These last two associations would be
reversed for cultures in the southern hemisphere, for whom north
is the direction of the warm equatorial region, and south is the
land of ice.)
4. HYPERBOREAN: In fact, an ancient name for the British
Isles was "Hyperboria", which literally means "behind the north
wind", thus associating north and wind (air) once more. The
inhabitants were themselves called "Hyperborians", and the
phrase "at the back of the north wind" (the title of one of
George MacDonald's faery romances) is still current. Of all the
winds of the compass, it is unquestionably the north wind
(Boreas), bringer of winter, which is perceived as the strongest |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 312 | and most influential (cf. Robert Grave's goddess fantasy "Watch
the North Wind Rise"). You don't hear too much about the other
three cardinal winds.
5. SEASONAL: Many occultists associate the four seasons
with the four cardinal points, as well. Hence, winter = north,
spring = east, summer = south, and autumn = west. (To be
precise, it is the solstice and equinox points which align with
the cardinal points.) Again, in most folklore, winter is
associated with air and wind, as the icy blasts that usher in
the season. In spring, it is the earth which arrests our
attention, with its sudden riot of blooms and greenery. Again,
south relates to summer, the hottest season (fire), and west
relates to autumn.
6. DIURNAL: Occultists also often associate the cardinal
points of a single day to the four compass points. Thus,
midnight = north, sunrise = east, noon = south, and sunset =
west. (Please note that we are talking about TRUE midnight and
TRUE noon here, the points halfway between sunset and sunrise,
and between sunrise and sunset, respectively.) These associate
nicely with the seasonal attributes just discussed. It is easy
to see why sunrise should equate to east, and sunset to west.
And, once again, from the perspective of the British Isles, the
sun rises over land (earth) and sets over the ocean (water).
South is related to noon because it is the moment of greatest
heat (fire). Leaving the "invisible" element of air to be
associated with the sun's invisibility, at midnight.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
347
7. MYTHOLOGICAL: In Celtic mythology, north is invariably
associated with air. The pre-Christian Irish gods and
goddesses, the Tuatha De Danann, were "airy" faeries (later
versions came equipped with wings, relating them to sylphs). The
Book of Conquests states their original home was in the north,
"at the back of the north wind". And when they came to Ireland,
they came in ships, THROUGH THE UPPER AIR (!), settling on the
mountain tops. (It has always struck me as odd that some modern
writers see mountains as a symbol of earth. The crucial
symbolism of the mountain is its height, rising into the air,
touching the sky. Virtually all Eastern traditions associate
mountains, favorite abodes of gurus, with air. A CAVE would be
a better symbol of earth than a mountain.) In Welsh mythology,
too, Math the Ancient, chief god of Gwynedd (or NORTH Wales), is
specifically associated with wind, which can carry people's
thoughts to him.
8. YIN/YANG: Many occultists believe that the four elements
have yin/yang connections. Both air and fire are seen as
masculine, while earth and water are seen as feminine. If air
is associated with the north point of the magic circle, and
earth is east, then one achieves a yin/yang alternation as one
circumambulates the circle. As one passes the cardinal points
of east, south, west, and north, one passes feminine, masculine,
feminine, masculine energies. This alternating flux of
plus/minus, push/pull, masculine/feminine, is the very pulse of
the universe, considered of great importance by most occultists.
That it was equally important to our ancestors is evidenced by |
Wicca | The-Complete-Uncut-Book-of-Shadows | 313 | standing stones in the British Isles. At sites like the Kennet
Avenue of Braga, the tall, slender, masculine, phallic stones
alternate precisely with the shorter, diamond-shaped yoni
stones.
9. GENERATOR: This argument flows out of the previous one.
Practicing magicians often think of the magic circle as a kind
of psychic generator. Witches in particular like to perform
circle dances to "raise the cone of power". Hand in hand, and
alternating man and woman, they dance clockwise (deosil) around
the circle, moving faster and faster until the power is
released. This model has an uncanny resemblance to an
electrical generator, as man and woman alternately pass each of
the four "poles" of the magic circle. These poles themselves
MUST alternate between plus and minus if power is to be raised.
This means that if the masculine fire is in the south, then the
masculine air MUST be in the north. If the feminine water is in
the west, then the feminine earth MUST be in the east. If any
adjacent pair were switched, the generator would stop dead.
Last amended June 11, 1989 -- Page NEXTRECORD
348
10. MASCULINE/FEMININE AXIS: When you look at a typical
map, north (the cardinal direction) is at the top. Any
north-south road is a vertical line, and any east-west road is a
horizontal line. Likewise, a "map" of a magic circle makes the
vertical north-south axis masculine (with air and fire), while
the horizontal east-west axis is feminine (earth and water).
This makes logical sense. When we look at the horizon of the
earth, we see a horizontal line. Water also seeks a horizontal
plane. Feminine elements, considered "passive", have a natural
tendency to "lay down". Fire, on the other hand, always assumes
an erect or vertical position. Air, too, can rise upward, as
earth and water cannot. Masculine elements, being "active",
have a natural tendency to "stand up".
11. ALTAR TOOLS: In modern Witchcraft, there are four
principal altar tools, the same four tools shown on the Tarot
card, the Magician. They also correspond to the four Tarot
suits, the four ancient treasures of Ireland, and the four
"hallows" of Arthurian legend. And, like the four elements, two
of them are feminine and two of them are masculine. The
pentacle is a shallow dish inscribed with a pentagram,
representing earth, and is here placed in the east. The
womb-shaped chalice, symbolizing water, is placed in the west.
They form the horizontal feminine axis. The phallic-shaped
wand, representing fire, is placed in the south. And the
equally phallic-shaped athame is placed in the north. They form
the vertical masculine axis. (The gender associations of cup
and blade are especially emphasized in the ritual blessing of
wine.) |
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