Datasets:

---

bnsapa

/

cybersecurity-ner

like 2

[ "In", "April", ",", "at", "the", "time", "of", "writing", "this", "post", ",", "we", "recorded", "413", "RuMMS", "infections", "." ]

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[ "Although", "the", "propagation", "trend", "seems", "to", "be", "slowing", "down", "a", "bit", ",", "the", "figure", "tells", "us", "that", "RuMMS", "malware", "is", "still", "alive", "in", "the", "wild", "." ]

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[ "We", "continue", "to", "monitor", "its", "progress", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Conclusion", "Smishing", "(", "SMS", "phishing", ")", "offers", "a", "unique", "vector", "to", "infect", "mobile", "users", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "The", "recent", "RuMMS", "campaign", "shows", "that", "Smishing", "is", "still", "a", "popular", "means", "for", "threat", "actors", "to", "distribute", "their", "malware", "." ]

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[ "In", "addition", ",", "the", "use", "of", "shared-hosting", "providers", "adds", "flexibility", "to", "the", "threat", "actor", "’", "s", "campaign", "and", "makes", "it", "harder", "for", "defending", "parties", "to", "track", "these", "moving", "targets", "." ]

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[ "Fortunately", ",", "FireEye", "Mobile", "Threat", "Prevention", "platform", "can", "recognize", "the", "malicious", "SMS", "and", "networking", "behaviors", "used", "by", "these", "RuMMS", "samples", ",", "and", "help", "us", "quickly", "identify", "the", "threat", "." ]

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[ "To", "protect", "yourself", "from", "these", "threats", ",", "FireEye", "suggests", "that", "users", ":", "Take", "caution", "before", "clicking", "any", "links", "where", "you", "are", "not", "sure", "about", "the", "origin", "." ]

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[ "Don", "’", "t", "install", "apps", "outside", "the", "official", "app", "store", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Exodus", ":", "New", "Android", "Spyware", "Made", "in", "Italy", "Mar", "29", "Summary", "We", "identified", "a", "new", "Android", "spyware", "platform", "we", "named", "Exodus", ",", "which", "is", "composed", "of", "two", "stages", "we", "call", "Exodus", "One", "and", "Exodus", "Two", "." ]

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[ "We", "have", "collected", "numerous", "samples", "spanning", "from", "2016", "to", "early", "2019", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Instances", "of", "this", "spyware", "were", "found", "on", "the", "Google", "Play", "Store", ",", "disguised", "as", "service", "applications", "from", "mobile", "operators", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Both", "the", "Google", "Play", "Store", "pages", "and", "the", "decoys", "of", "the", "malicious", "apps", "are", "in", "Italian", "." ]

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[ "According", "to", "publicly", "available", "statistics", ",", "as", "well", "as", "confirmation", "from", "Google", ",", "most", "of", "these", "apps", "collected", "a", "few", "dozens", "installations", "each", ",", "with", "one", "case", "reaching", "over", "350", "." ]

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[ "All", "of", "the", "victims", "are", "located", "in", "Italy", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "All", "of", "these", "Google", "Play", "Store", "pages", "have", "been", "taken", "down", "by", "Google", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10 ]

[ "We", "believe", "this", "spyware", "platform", "is", "developed", "by", "an", "Italian", "company", "called", "eSurv", ",", "which", "primarily", "operates", "in", "the", "business", "of", "video", "surveillance", "." ]

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[ "According", "to", "public", "records", "it", "appears", "that", "eSurv", "began", "to", "also", "develop", "intrusion", "software", "in", "2016", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Exodus", "is", "equipped", "with", "extensive", "collection", "and", "interception", "capabilities", "." ]

[ 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Worryingly", ",", "some", "of", "the", "modifications", "enforced", "by", "the", "spyware", "might", "expose", "the", "infected", "devices", "to", "further", "compromise", "or", "data", "tampering", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Disguised", "Spyware", "Uploaded", "on", "Google", "Play", "Store", "We", "identified", "previously", "unknown", "spyware", "apps", "being", "successfully", "uploaded", "on", "Google", "Play", "Store", "multiple", "times", "over", "the", "course", "of", "over", "two", "years", "." ]

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[ "These", "apps", "would", "remain", "available", "on", "the", "Play", "Store", "for", "months", "and", "would", "eventually", "be", "re-uploaded", "." ]

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[ "While", "details", "would", "vary", ",", "all", "of", "the", "identified", "copies", "of", "this", "spyware", "shared", "a", "similar", "disguise", "." ]

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[ "In", "most", "cases", "they", "would", "be", "crafted", "to", "appear", "as", "applications", "distributed", "by", "unspecified", "mobile", "operators", "in", "Italy", "." ]

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[ "Often", "the", "app", "description", "on", "the", "Play", "Store", "would", "reference", "some", "SMS", "messages", "the", "targets", "would", "supposedly", "receive", "leading", "them", "to", "the", "Play", "Store", "page", "." ]

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[ "All", "of", "the", "Play", "Store", "pages", "we", "identified", "and", "all", "of", "the", "decoys", "of", "the", "apps", "themselves", "are", "written", "in", "Italian", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "According", "to", "Google", ",", "whom", "we", "have", "contacted", "to", "alert", "about", "our", "discoveries", ",", "nearly", "25", "variants", "of", "this", "spyware", "were", "uploaded", "on", "Google", "Play", "Store", "." ]

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[ "Google", "Play", "has", "removed", "the", "apps", "and", "they", "stated", "that", "\"", "thanks", "to", "enhanced", "detection", "models", ",", "Google", "Play", "Protect", "will", "now", "be", "able", "to", "better", "detect", "future", "variants", "of", "these", "applications", "''", "." ]

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[ "While", "Google", "did", "not", "share", "with", "us", "the", "total", "number", "of", "infected", "devices", ",", "they", "confirmed", "that", "one", "of", "these", "malicious", "apps", "collected", "over", "350", "installations", "through", "the", "Play", "Store", ",", "while", "other", "variants", "collected", "few", "dozens", "each", ",", "and", "that", "all", "infections", "were", "located", "in", "Italy", "." ]

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[ "We", "have", "directly", "observed", "multiple", "copies", "of", "Exodus", "with", "more", "than", "50", "installs", "and", "we", "can", "estimate", "the", "total", "number", "of", "infections", "to", "amount", "in", "the", "several", "hundreds", ",", "if", "not", "a", "thousand", "or", "more", "." ]

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[ "Stage", "1", ":", "Exodus", "One", "The", "first", "stage", "installed", "by", "downloading", "the", "malicious", "apps", "uploaded", "on", "Google", "Play", "Store", "only", "acts", "as", "a", "dropper", "." ]

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[ "Following", "are", "some", "examples", "of", "the", "decoys", "used", "by", "these", "droppers", ":", "The", "purpose", "of", "Exodus", "One", "seems", "to", "be", "to", "collect", "some", "basic", "identifying", "information", "about", "the", "device", "(", "namely", "the", "IMEI", "code", "and", "the", "phone", "number", ")", "and", "send", "it", "to", "the", "Command", "&", "Control", "server", "." ]

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[ "This", "is", "usually", "done", "in", "order", "to", "validate", "the", "target", "of", "a", "new", "infection", "." ]

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[ "This", "is", "further", "corroborated", "by", "some", "older", "and", "unobfuscated", "samples", "from", "2016", ",", "whose", "primary", "classes", "are", "named", "CheckValidTarget", "." ]

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[ "During", "our", "tests", "the", "spyware", "was", "upgraded", "to", "the", "second", "stage", "on", "our", "test", "device", "immediately", "after", "the", "first", "check-ins", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "This", "suggests", "that", "the", "operators", "of", "the", "Command", "&", "Control", "are", "not", "enforcing", "a", "validation", "of", "the", "targets", "." ]

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[ "Additionally", ",", "during", "a", "period", "of", "several", "days", ",", "our", "infected", "test", "device", "was", "never", "remotely", "disinfected", "by", "the", "operators", "." ]

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[ "For", "the", "purpose", "of", "this", "report", "we", "analyze", "here", "the", "Exodus", "One", "sample", "with", "hash", "8453ce501fee1ca8a321f16b09969c517f92a24b058ac5b54549eabd58bf1884", "which", "communicated", "with", "the", "Command", "&", "Control", "server", "at", "54.71.249.137", "." ]

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[ "Other", "samples", "communicated", "with", "other", "servers", "listed", "at", "the", "bottom", "of", "this", "report", "." ]

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[ "Exodus", "One", "checks-in", "by", "sending", "a", "POST", "request", "containing", "the", "app", "package", "name", ",", "the", "device", "IMEI", "and", "an", "encrypted", "body", "containing", "additional", "device", "information", "." ]

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[ "The", "encrypted", "body", "is", "composed", "of", "various", "identifiers", "which", "are", "joined", "together", ":", "doFinal", "(", ")", "is", "called", "to", "encrypt", "the", "device", "information", "string", ":", "The", "user", "agent", "string", "is", "built", "from", "the", "package", "name", "and", "IMEI", "number", ":", "Finally", "the", "HTTP", "request", "is", "sent", "to", "the", "server", "at", "https", ":", "//54.71.249.137/eddd0317-2bdc-4140-86cb-0e8d7047b874", "." ]

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[ "Many", "of", "the", "strings", "in", "the", "application", "are", "XOR", "'d", "with", "the", "key", "Kjk1MmphFG", ":", "After", "some", "additional", "requests", ",", "the", "dropper", "made", "a", "POST", "request", "to", "https", ":", "//54.71.249.137/56e087c9-fc56-49bb-bbd0-4fafc4acd6e1", "which", "returned", "a", "zip", "file", "containing", "the", "second", "stage", "binaries", "." ]

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[ "At", "least", "in", "most", "recent", "versions", ",", "as", "of", "January", "2019", ",", "the", "Zip", "archive", "would", "actually", "contain", "the", "i686", ",", "arm", "and", "arm64", "versions", "of", "all", "deployed", "binaries", "." ]

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[ "File", "Name", "Modified", "Date", "SHA256", "null_arm", "2018-02-27", "06:44:00", "48a7dd672931e408662d2b5e1abcd6ef00097b8ffe3814f0d2799dd6fd74bd88", "null_i686", "2018-02-27", "06:44:00", "c228a534535b22a316a97908595a2d793d0fecabadc32846c6d1bfb08ca9a658", "null_arm64", "2018-02-27", "06:43:00", "48a7dd672931e408662d2b5e1abcd6ef00097b8ffe3814f0d2799dd6fd74bd88", "sepolicy-inject_arm", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "47449a612697ad99a6fbd6e02a84e957557371151f2b034a411ebb10496648c8", "sepolicy-inject_arm64", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "824ad333320cbb7873dc49e61c14f749b0e0d88723635524463f2e6f56ea133a", "sepolicy-inject_i686", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "13ec6cec511297ac3137cf7d6e4a7c4f5dd2b24478a06262a44f13a3d61070b6", "rootdaemon_arm", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "00c787c0c0bc26caf623e66373a5aaa1b913b9caee1f34580bdfdd21954b7cc4", "rootdaemon_arm64", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "3ee3a973c62ba5bd9eab595a7c94b7a26827c5fa5b21964d511ab58903929ec5", "mike.jar", "2018-12-06", "05:50:00", "a42a05bf9b412cd84ea92b166d790e8e72f1d01764f93b05ace62237fbabe40e", "rootdaemon_i686", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "b46f282f9a1bce3798faee3212e28924730a657eb93cda3824c449868b6ee2e7", "zygotedaemonarm", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "e3f65f84dd6c2c3a5a653a3788d78920c0321526062a6b53daaf23fa57778a5f", "zygotedaemonarm64", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "11499ff2418f4523344de81a447f6786fdba4982057d4114f64db929990b4b59", "zygotedaemoni686", "2019-01-08", "04:55:00", "3c9f08b3280851f54414dfa5a57f40d3b7be7b73736fa0ba21b078e75ce54d33", "sapp.apk", "2019-01-08", "04:53:00", "4bf1446c412dd5c552539490d03e999a6ceb96ae60a9e7846427612bec316619", "placeholder", "2018-03-29", "16:31:00", "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "After", "download", ",", "Exodus", "One", "would", "dynamically", "load", "and", "execute", "the", "primary", "stage", "2", "payload", "mike.jar", "using", "the", "Android", "API", "DexClassLoader", "(", ")", "." ]

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[ "mike.jar", "implements", "most", "of", "the", "data", "collection", "and", "exfiltration", "capabilities", "of", "this", "spyware", "." ]

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[ "Of", "the", "various", "binaries", "downloaded", ",", "the", "most", "interesting", "are", "null", ",", "which", "serves", "as", "a", "local", "and", "reverse", "shell", ",", "and", "rootdaemon", ",", "which", "takes", "care", "of", "privilege", "escalation", "and", "data", "acquisition", "." ]

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