caimira/pb-queries · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 4 8	text stringlengths 36 531	answer stringlengths 1 388	category stringclasses 10 values
q3264_1	This present-day nation was the center of Axum, and its church claims to hold the Ark of the Covenant.	Federal Democratic Republic of {Ethiopia} [or {Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik;} prompt on {Abyssinia}]	History
q1676_3	One type of this weapon would have been defended against by President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative. Another type of these developed by the Soviet Union and used by Iraq was the Scud. Nazi Germany wanted to replace anti-aircraft guns with the (*) surface-to-air type of these weapons.	{missiles} [prompt on {\"nuclear bomb\"} until \"surface-to-air\" is mentioned; do not accept or prompt on rocket(s)]	History
q5741_3	One member of this band narrowly survived a plane crash along with DJ AM. In one song they sang "say it ain't so, I will not go, turn the lights off, carry me home" and in another they sang about how "your smile fades in the summer." For 10 points, name this punk band, who in addition to "All the Small Things" and "Feeling This" recorded "Stay Together for the Kids" and "I Miss You."	Blink-182	Trash
q191_3	Cyrus the Great allowed this structure to be built to replace a similar building destroyed during Nebuchadnezzar II's reign. Judas Maccabaeus cleansed and rededicated this structure in events celebrated during Hanukkah. This building served as the Sanhedrin's meeting place and was mostly destroyed in 70 AD.	{Second Temple} of {Jerusalem} [prompt on {Temple} of {Jerusalem;} do not accept {"First Temple} of {Jerusalem"}]	Religion
q2105_2	This character's birthday is May 8. She trades the fish she catches at The Hob, a black market in District 12.	{Katniss Everdeen} [accept either underlined name]	Literature
q4132_1	The French equivalent to costing "an arm and a leg" is the cost of these body parts.	eyes	Science
q578_3	This figure once tried to destroy mankind by tearing out an eye, which turned into Hathor. At night, he brings light to the darkness of the underworld. The disk above this deity's head is called Aton.	{Ra} [accept Amon-{Ra} or {Re} or Amon-{Re;} do not accept {“Amon”} by itself]	Fine Arts
q4945_3	Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes.	nucleus	Science
q3519_2	This god, sometimes known as Eubuleus (yoo-BOO-lee-us) or Clymenus, punished Sisyphus by requiring him to roll a boulder up a hill. This oldest son of Rhea abducted his future wife while she was picking flowers in the fields of Nysa and then tricked her into staying with him for six months each year by feeding her pomegranate seeds.	{Hades} [prompt on {Pluto}]	Mythology
q1853_3	This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite. This element is bound to four hydrogen atoms in methane.	{carbon} [or {C} before given]	Science
q400_3	In one scene, this character causes a cat to run chaotically through the house by giving it "pain-killer." He plays Robin Hood with Joe Harper. He gets trapped in McDougal's Cave with Becky Thatcher, where he sees Injun Joe hiding.	{Tom Sawyer} [accept either or both underlined parts]	Literature
q2549_2	The Aufbau (“OUF-bou”) principle explains how these particles are placed in their “shells.” The discovery of these particles in cathode rays by J.J. Thomson led him to formulate the plum pudding model.	{electrons}	Science
q545_4	In the buildup to this battle, the losing commander set up a fortification at Gloucester (“GLAU-ster”) shortly after retreating from Williamsburg. A key turning point in this battle was the arrival of reinforcements under Count Rochambeau (“RO-sham-BO”). British naval forces under Thomas Graves failed to break through the French blockade. For 10 points, name this final Revolutionary War battle, after which Lord Cornwallis surrendered.	Battle of {Yorktown}	History
q1671_1	The last "ancient" time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period.	Japan [or Nippon]	History
q5001_3	The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011. Human rights activists in this country, including the currently-jailed 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner, have signed Charter 08. Starting in March 2010, Google refused to follow this nation's Internet censorship policies.	People's Republic of China [or PRC; or Zhongguo; or Zhonggua Renmin Gongheguo]	History
q3131_1	The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant.	{mass} [accept {inertia} before \"m\" is read; prompt on m before mentioned]	Science
q582_1	Works of this type include "The Library of Babel" and "The Garden of Forking Paths," both by Jorge Luis Borges.	{short story} [accept short stories by Jorge Luis Borges before it is read; prompt on fiction; prompt on story; prompt on prose; do not accept "novel"]	Literature
q4126_1	After having much of his legislation overturned by the Supreme Court, this leader proposed his court packing plan.	{Franklin} Delano {Roosevelt} [accept {FDR}; prompt on {Roosevelt}]	History
q1843_1	This term describes a "zone" below the water table in which groundwater is found.	{saturated} [or word forms, such as {saturation}]	Science
q2869_1	This project's "Original Seven" included Gordon Cooper and Deke Slayton.	Project {Mercury} [or Mercury Seven until \"vehicle\" is read; or Astronaut Group 1 until \"vehicle\" is read]	History
q165_4	An ideal blackbody is an object that absorbs all energy transferred by this process. This is the process in which energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth, because it is the only form of heat exchange that can pass through a vacuum. It takes its name from the fact that it emits energy in all directions. For 10 points, name this type of heat exchange that differs from convection and conduction.	thermal {radiation} [or heat radiation]	Science
q4910_4	The harmonic one of n numbers in a data set is n divided by the sum of the reciprocals of the numbers. The geometric one is the nth root of the product of the numbers. The geometric one is always less than or equal to the arithmetic ("air-ith-MET-ick") one. For 10 points, what is this term in mathematics—the arithmetic one being the sum of the numbers divided by n?	{Mean} [do not accept “average”]	Science
q146_2	The Neptunbrunnen is a fountain in this city, and its Museum Island is a World Heritage Site. The Charlottenburg Palace can be found in it, and Karl-Marx-Allee is a major boulevard.	Berlin, Germany	Geography
q1719_2	In this state in 2013, researchers announced that they had cured a two-year-old girl of HIV. Marco McMillan, one of its towns' mayoral candidates who was openly homosexual, was found murdered in February 2013.	Mississippi	Trash
q224_1	This mountain range includes the Vilcabamba (“VEEL-cuh-BOM-buh”) sub-range and contains a plateau called the altiplano (“ALL-tee-PLAN-oh”).	{Andes} Mountains	Geography
q3963_3	These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH). For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that created the Long Count calendar and had cities at Tikal (tee- KAHL) and Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-zah).	Mayans	History
q5249_4	The NASA Juno spacecraft is destined for this body in 2016, when it will observe this body's magnetic field and determine the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in its atmosphere. Its closest Galilean satellite is partially molten because of tidal forces, and is called Io. This planet contains cyclones called the Little and (*) Great Red Spots. For 10 points, name this gas giant, the largest planet in the solar system.	Jupiter	Science
q1561_1	Otus and Ephialtes (“eff-ee-ALL-tees”) tried to capture this goddess, but ended up slaying each other after she transformed into a deer.	{Artemis}	Mythology
q2581_2	In one of this artist's paintings, Mercury wears a red sash as he reaches up to an orange in an orange grove; that painting, whose central figure stands next to the Three Graces, is La Primavera. Zephyrus and Chloris [KLOR-iss] blow a goddess to land as a horae greets her at a shore in this artist's most famous work.(*)	Sandro Botticelli [or Alessandro (di Mariano di Vanni) Filipepi]	Fine Arts
q483_3	A problem of antiquity concerned constructing a square of the same area as one of these shapes using compass and straightedge; that problem is known as "squaring" this shape. When one on a graph has a total area of pi, it is known as a "unit" one. A line segment connecting two points on this shape is known as a chord.	circles	Science
q622_2	Paul Wittgenstein (“VIT-gen-SHTINE”) commissioned concertos for this instrument that used only the left hand. This instrument is said to have been invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (“BAR-tow-lo- MAY-oh KRIS-tow-for-ee”).	{piano} [accept {pianoforte}]	Fine Arts
q4036_4	This term originated from shapes that had non-integer dimensions. One of them is composed of repeating cardioids and circles. Other examples include the Sierpinski Triangle, which consists of repeating equilateral triangles within a larger triangle, and the Koch snowflake, which has an infinite perimeter but a finite area. For 10 points, name these self-similar mathematical constructs that include the Mandelbrot one.	fractals	Science
q1878_2	One character in this novel is asked by Mistress Hibbins to join her in a witches' sabbath. After being delayed from going to Boston by Native Americans, the protagonist's husband, Roger (*) Chillingworth, meets with the protagonist in jail.	The Scarlet Letter	Literature
q670_5	This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle. Its value is one at 90 degrees but negative one at 270 degrees. Its reciprocal is the cosecant function. In a right triangle, it is defined as the ratio of opposite divided by hypotenuse. For 10 points, name this trigonometric function that is not the tangent or cosine.	{sine}	Science
q813_1	This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object.	friction	Science
q926_4	Examples of these in plants include gibberellins and cytokinins in addition to chemicals that cause tropisms by enlarging cells, auxins. Many human examples are classified as peptides, including gastrin, which aids digestion. Another example, which increases the heart rate, is (*) adrenaline, while other examples are steroids that promote sexual development. For 10 points, name these chemicals that transmit information between cells.	hormones	Science
q5362_1	This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan.	The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]	History
q1785_1	This particle was discovered by J.J. Thomson, and its exact charge was discovered in the Millikan oil drop experiment.	electron [prompt on fermion]	Science
q3232_2	Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods.	tides	Science
q2051_2	This is the only element for which Schrodinger's equation can be solved exactly. Isotopes of this element include tritium and deuterium.	hydrogen [accept H before it is read]	Science
q428_1	One bill addressing this process required a majority of a state's residents to take the Ironclad oath; that bill was the Wade-Davis bill, which was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln in favor of his "Ten Percent Plan" for this process.	military reconstruction [or Reconstruction Era; accept Radical Reconstruction before "Lincoln" but do not accept afterwards]	History
q781_1	This king was in power during the Affair of the Diamond Necklace.	Louis XVI [\"the 16th\"] of France	History
q2046_4	At one point in this novel the main character is told to jump off of a cliff, but is stopped. That character also joins the crew of Hal, Charles, and Mercedes. In this novel, John Thornton is a gold hunter who is killed by five Indians; the main character avenges that death at this novel's end. For 10 points, name this Jack London novel that sees Buck leave his spoiled life and become a sled dog on the Yukon Trail.	{The Call of the Wild}	Literature
q1301_1	This composer wrote a Clarinet Concerto in A Major for Anton Stadler, and he also composed a flute and harp concerto.	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Fine Arts
q2443_1	4 times the infinite sum one, minus one third, plus one fifth, minus one seventh, et cetera, equals this number.	pi	Science
q5547_2	One Canada Square, the tallest building completed in this city, is meant to rival its traditional financial center, home to a cathedral designed by Christopher Wren. Its namesake “Eye” is Europe's tallest Ferris wheel. Landmarks here include the Tate Modern and Westminster Abbey. For 10 points, Buckingham Palace in located in what city on the Thames (“temz”), the capital of the United Kingdom?	{London}	Social Science
q3693_2	Areas in this region with substantially reduced object distribution are known as Kirkwood gaps and are formed by the gravitational strength of the planet behind it. One body in this region has a satellite known as Dactyl.	{Asteroid Belt} [prompt on {asteroids}]	Science
q5367_2	During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed on the first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing after day two.	Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]	History
q1582_3	Early in January 2010, copper miners working for Codelco in this nation ended a strike. The government of this country was criticized for utilizing the military to restore order, citing the oppression of former president Augusto Pinochet (“PIN-oh-shay”). It is led by outgoing president Michelle Bachelet (“BASH-uh-lay”).	Republic of {Chile}	History
q1760_4	One superstition concerning certain winners of this election is known as Tecumseh's (“teh-CUM- seh's”) Curse. Third party candidates in previous elections of this type include Ross Perot and Teddy Roosevelt. Its most recent iteration concentrated on the economy, the war in Iraq, and people associated with Barack Obama. For 10 points, what is this election, held most recently in 2008 and responsible for choosing the next American leader?	{Presidential general} election [accept either]	History
q213_3	Richard Mentor Johnson's political career was helped by the belief that he personally killed this man at the Battle of the Thames (TEMS). This man helped co-found a settlement in the Indiana Territory where his brother was defeated by William Henry Harrison; that defeat occurred during the Battle of Tippecanoe. For 10 points, name this leader of the Shawnee that attempted to unite all of the Indian tribes in the early 1800's.	Tecumseh [accept Tecumtha; accept Tekamthi]	History
q1727_4	The most winning woman he ever knew was hanged for poisoning three little children for their insurance-money. Irene Adler, always THE woman to this man, outwitted him during his investigation of “A Scandal in Bohemia.” This man returned in “The Adventure of the Empty House” after battling Professor Moriarty to the death. For 10 points, name this detective faithfully accompanied by John Watson.	{Sherlock Holmes} [accept either]	Literature
q3488_3	An alpha particle is a nucleus of this element, which has a filled 1s (ONE S) orbital but no p orbitals at ground state. After the Hindenburg disaster, this gas replaced hydrogen in zeppelins and blimps. Because the speed of sound in this gas is much faster than that in air, inhaling it causes a high-pitched voice.	helium [accept He before it is read]	Science
q442_3	It was the subject of a Scientific American special report dealing with Modified Newtonian Dynamics by Mordechai Milgrom (“MOR-de-kye MILL-grum”). This substance was first proposed in 1934 by Fritz Zwicky (“ZWICK-ee”) to make up for "missing mass" in the universe. Its non-baryonic (“NON BARE- ee-on-ick”) variety contains no mass.	{dark matter} [accept {dark} matter after “{matter}” is read]	Science
q2386_4	This nation overthrew Albania's King Zog. A major event in the unification of this nation was the Expedition of the Thousand, and its first king after unification was Victor Emanuel II. In 1935 this nation invaded Ethiopia. One of its leaders was called Il Duce, and along with Germany, it was one of Europe's major Axis powers.	{Italy} [or {Italia}]	History
q7150_1	One of this man's works depicts his self-portrait in a glass ball situated on his hand.	M(aurits) C(ornelius) {Escher}	Fine Arts
q1648_2	Buildup of these organic molecules in the brain causes Tay-Sachs disease, and vitamins A and D dissolve in them. Humans use adipose cells to store the triglyceride form of these, while their water-repellant quality makes them excellent insulation in marine mammals.	fats [or fatty acids; prompt on lipids]	Science
q2123_2	As punishment for not worshipping a golden statue, this man's friends were ordered thrown into a furnace, but they were not burned. While training to be a scribe, this man was given the Babylonian name Belteshazzar (“BEL-tuh-SHAH-zar”).	{Daniel}	Religion
q5031_1	RAID arrays are combinations of these objects that often connect via IDE or Serial ATA.	{hard} disk {drives} [prompt on ({hard}) {\"disk}(s)\"]	Science
q702_1	In rotational motion, this quantity can be obtained by taking one half of the moment of inertia times the angular velocity squared.	kinetic energy [accept KE; accept kinetic energy after "energy"]	Science
q739_1	The founding of this nation was promised in the Balfour Declaration.	{Israel}	History
q470_3	The number of positive real roots of a polynomial can be found by this man's Rule of Signs. His philosophical works include the Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. He is the namesake of the standard x-y coordinate system.	Rene {Descartes} [accept {Descartes' Rule of Signs} before "Rule"]	Philosophy
q3736_3	The poorwill is the only bird to demonstrate this behavior, which can be defined as sustained torpor. It is called estivation (“ess-tiv-AY-shun”) if it occurs during the summer. Animals must either collect or eat lots of food during the fall so that they do not starve while doing it.	{hibernation} [accept word forms]	Science
q647_3	In one novel, this writer depicts a character named Protopopov (“PRO-tow-POP-ahv”) who becomes the lover of Natasha, the selfish wife of Andrey Prozorov (“PRO-zor-ahv”). In another novel, this writer depicts the intellectual liberal named Anya who is the daughter of Madame Ranevskaya (“RAHN-ev- SKY-uh”). For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard.	Anton Pavlovich {Chekhov}	Literature
q3096_1	In 2003, this person warned that the Iraq War would create 100 bin Ladens.	Hosni Mubarak	Trash
q597_4	Starburst types of these systems have unusually high supplies of gas, and they can combine in a process known as cannibalism. The "tuning fork diagram" is a graphic depiction of the Hubble classification scheme for these systems, which divides them into irregular, elliptical and spiral types. M31 is the Andromeda one. For 10 points, name these regions of the universe that include the Milky Way.	galaxies [or galaxy]	Science
q2112_4	Seven laws that apply to non-Jews are named for this figure, whose nakedness was uncovered by one of his sons. An agreement this figure made with God is symbolized by the rainbow. He was the son of Lamekh (LAH-meck) and had three sons, Japheth (JAY-feth), Ham, and Shem. To confirm that one of his jobs was complete, he sent a dove to check for dry land.	{Noah} [or {Noakh;} accept {Noahide laws} before "nakedness"]	Religion
q1049_1	He defended a campaign fund with his "Checkers Speech," which helped him maintain his role as Dwight Eisenhower's running mate.	Richard {Nixon}	History
q3963_2	These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH).	Mayans	History
q1217_2	This "Foremost of the Westerners" is linked with Serapis through the Apis bull. This son of Geb and Nut (NOOT) was cut into fourteen pieces that were scattered throughout the country by his brother.	{Osiris} [accept {Anubis} before "Serapis" is read; prompt on Khenti-Amentiu]	Mythology
q426_3	According to one myth, this figure used the eye of the Graiae (GRAY - eye) as a bargaining tool in order to learn the location of the Hesperides. He was born after his mother, Danae, was impregnated by Zeus in the form of a golden shower. This figure defeated Cetus, after which he married Andromeda.	Perseus	Mythology
q419_1	Among this poet's famous lines are "Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all" and "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die".	Alfred, Lord Tennyson	Literature
q1921_3	In this novel the narrator's father shoots Tim Johnson, a rabid dog. The narrator and her brother are attacked on the way home from a Halloween pageant, but are saved by Boo Radley. In this book, Tom Robinson is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell; he is defended by attorney Atticus Finch, but is convicted.	To Kill a Mockingbird	Literature
q1498_3	The IBM Model M is a particularly highly regarded example of this type of device. They sometimes use the Dvorak layout, but the most popular arrangement for them was designed by Christopher Sholes and is deliberately inefficient to avoid (*) jamming. For 10 points, name these devices that often use the QWERTY [KWUR-tee] layout, and are used to enter numbers and letters into a computer.	(computer or typewriter) {keyboards}	Science
q3341_1	This constellation contains the Trapezium Cluster and is the site of a late-October meteor shower.	Orion [prompt on Hunter before it is read]	Science
q19_4	This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties. Islands located here include Kodiak and Amaknak (“uh-MACK-nack”), the most populous of the Aleutians (“uh-LOO-shins”). Its largest city lies on the Cook Inlet, and its city of Nome lies on the Bering Sea. For 10 points, name this state, whose cities include Fairbanks and Anchorage, and which is the northernmost state in the United States.	Alaska	Geography
q1170_2	One chytrid (KYE-trid) member of this group has been blamed for the worldwide decline in frog populations, and the Salem witch trials have been blamed on another species that infests rye with ergot. Lichens consist of algae and a member of this kingdom, whose species reproduce through spores and have hyphae bodies with chitin cell walls.	Fungi [or fungus]	Science
q1731_3	At one point in this book, two characters recite nursery rhymes and the Gettysburg Address to avoid being hypnotized by a man with red eyes. The main character of this book meets several tentacled creatures, including one called Aunt Beast, while rescuing her father from Camazotz. Its title concept is a tesseract through which Meg Murry visits the fifth dimension.	A Wrinkle in Time	Literature
q454_3	After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, this man retreated to the Jianggang (JAHNG-gahng) Mountains, where he joined forces with Zhu De (ZHOO DAY), creating the Red Army. He was succeeded by Hua Guofeng (WAH gwo-FANG) and went on the Long March after being surrounded by Kuomintang forces. Under his guidance, the Hundred Flowers Campaign and Great Leap Forward were launched.	Mao Zedong [or Mao Tse-tung; or Chairman Mao]	History
q5790_4	A group of genes coding for lactose breakdown, known as the lac operon, was first discovered in this model organism. Although it is not Shigella, shiga toxins are produced in virulent strains of this organism such as its serotype O157:H7. They colonize the human gut at birth. For 10 points, name these gramnegative bacteria that are a common cause of food poisoning and food recalls.	Escherichia {coli} [prompt on Bacillus coli communis]	Science
q476_1	These animals can be harmed by the spread of Varroa mites, and their best known species is mellifera.	honey {bees} [accept {\"Apis\"} before it is mentioned; do not accept \"wasp(s)\" or \"hornet(s)\"]	Science
q2088_3	This man's son was baptized by Olaf Tryggvason (TRIG-vah-"sun"). This Norwegian native was exiled from Iceland and Oxney for committing multiple murders in both places. During his three years of exile, this man explored Greenland and found the first permanent colony there in 985.	Erik the Red [or Erik Thorvaldsson; prompt on Erik]	History
q544_3	This leader's half-brother is believed to be a drug trafficker, but serves as the chief of a provincial council. This leader was originally put in power by a loya jirga (LOY-uh JER-guh). In October 2010, this man admitted to receiving bags of cash from Iran.	Hamid {Karzai} [or Hamid Karzay]	Trash
q119_1	One of these landforms "of Tehuantepec" (teh-WAHN-teh-pek) is found in the Mexican states of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) and Veracruz.	{isthmus} [accept isthmi]	Geography
q2210_1	The difference quotient calculates this value for a secant, and the derivative is this for a tangent line.	slope	Science
q1555_5	This man is told by the ghost of his wife Creusa to leave for Hesperia after carrying his father Anchises (ann-KYE-sees) and son Ascanius out of a besieged city. He visits the underworld with the help of a golden bough, on the advice of the Cumaean Sibyl. He duels Turnus for the hand of Lavinia. After this son of Venus leaves Carthage, Dido kills herself. For 10 points, name this Trojan who founds Rome according to an epic by Virgil.	Aeneas [prompt on The Aeneid]	Mythology
q5736_3	The DNA in this organelle (“or-guh-NELL”) is inherited only from the mother. The inner membrane of this organelle contains folds known as cristae (“CRISS-tay”) and encloses its matrix. This organelle is the site of oxidative phosphorylation (“ox-ih-DAY-tiv FOSS-for-ill-AY-shun”), which occurs at the end of the electron transport chain.	{mitochondria} (“ MY-toe-KON-dree-uh ”) [or {mitochondrion}]	Science
q3232_5	Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods. An unusually high concentration of dinoflagellates (DYE-no-FLADGE-ell-ates) can cause the "red" type. Weak versions of these events are known as "neap" ones and occur in the first and third quarters of the lunar cycle. For 10 points, name these variations in the sea level.	tides	Science
q3264_4	This present-day nation was the center of Axum, and its church claims to hold the Ark of the Covenant. It defeated Italy at the Battle of Adowa under Emperor Menilek (MEN-ee-lek) II. Rastafarians (RAHSS-tah-FAR-ee-ins) hold that another emperor, Haile Selassie (HAY-lee seh-LAH-see), was the second coming of Jesus. Its first emperor was supposedly the son of the Queen of Sheba.	Federal Democratic Republic of {Ethiopia} [or {Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik;} prompt on {Abyssinia}]	History
q250_1	This work begins with a word that means "what" and calls for attention.	Beowulf	Literature
q370_5	This man came to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire (broo-MAIR). His forces defeated the Prussians at Jena (YAY-nah) and the combined Russian and Austrian forces at Austerlitz. His invasion of Russia was a failure because of the harsh winter. He spent the last years of his life exiled on St. Helena, and he sold the Louisiana Territory to America. For 10 points, name this French emperor from Corsica who ruled after the French revolution	{Napoleon Bonaparte} [or Napoleon I]	History
q833_4	This man designed railway stations in Santiago, Chile and Budapest, Hungary. He was jailed after being implicated in a failed Panama Canal project, for which he designed the locks. He designed the steel framework for the Statue of Liberty and a thousand-foot-tall structure for the 1889 World's Fair. For 10 points, name this architect and engineer who built a namesake Parisian tower.	(Alexandre) Gustave {Eiffel}	Fine Arts
q1958_2	One of these entities "of variation" equals the standard deviation divided by the mean. Spearman and Pearson name two of these entities that measure correlation.	coefficients	Science
q2088_4	This man's son was baptized by Olaf Tryggvason (TRIG-vah-"sun"). This Norwegian native was exiled from Iceland and Oxney for committing multiple murders in both places. During his three years of exile, this man explored Greenland and found the first permanent colony there in 985. For 10 points, identify this Norseman and father of the explorer Leif Ericsson	Erik the Red [or Erik Thorvaldsson; prompt on Erik]	History
q2272_3	This structure was built on the orders of Walter Ulbricht (“ULL-bricked”), who termed it anti-Fascist. It divided the Potsdamer Platz (“POTTS-dah-mer PLOTS”), and its best-known crossing was at Checkpoint Charlie. Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev to tear it down.	{Berlin Wall} [accept {Berliner Mauer}]	History
q2450_2	These objects have only three externally verifiable properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum, according to the no-hair theorem, and their size can be determined using the Schwarzschild radius. They can be formed following a supernova, and one of them is believed to be at the (*) center of the Milky Way.	black holes	Science
q1707_1	Modifications of this process can use PEP carboxylase ("PEP" car-BOX-ill-ase) to fix a reactant normally fixed by RuBisCO (roo-BISS-ko) in this process's dark reactions.	photosynthesis	Science
q1493_3	During the Civil War, this city was defended by Fort St. Philip and controversially occupied by Union general Benjamin Butler. The Sieur de Bienville led a group of French settlers here in 1718. This city's suburb of Metairie contains the southern end of the Lake (*) Pontchartrain Causeway.	New Orleans, Louisiana	History
q2402_2	The fundamental units in these body parts work according to the sliding-filament hypothesis and are called sarcomeres. The type that surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach is the smooth type, and the other two types are cardiac and skeletal.	muscles	Science
q611_3	The extinction of this island's palm trees is discussed in Jared Diamond's book Collapse. Residents of this island created the rongorongo writing system and carried out rituals in the birdman cult. Platforms known as ahus on this island contain features made of volcanic tuff called (*) moai.	{Easter} Island [or {Rapa Nui}]	Geography

q3264_1

This present-day nation was the center of Axum, and its church claims to hold the Ark of the Covenant.

Federal Democratic Republic of {Ethiopia} [or {Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik;} prompt on {Abyssinia}]

History

q1676_3

One type of this weapon would have been defended against by President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative. Another type of these developed by the Soviet Union and used by Iraq was the Scud. Nazi Germany wanted to replace anti-aircraft guns with the (*) surface-to-air type of these weapons.

{missiles} [prompt on {\"nuclear bomb\"} until \"surface-to-air\" is mentioned; do not accept or prompt on rocket(s)]

History

q5741_3

One member of this band narrowly survived a plane crash along with DJ AM. In one song they sang "say it ain't so, I will not go, turn the lights off, carry me home" and in another they sang about how "your smile fades in the summer." For 10 points, name this punk band, who in addition to "All the Small Things" and "Feeling This" recorded "Stay Together for the Kids" and "I Miss You."

Blink-182

Trash

q191_3

Cyrus the Great allowed this structure to be built to replace a similar building destroyed during Nebuchadnezzar II's reign. Judas Maccabaeus cleansed and rededicated this structure in events celebrated during Hanukkah. This building served as the Sanhedrin's meeting place and was mostly destroyed in 70 AD.

{Second Temple} of {Jerusalem} [prompt on {Temple} of {Jerusalem;} do not accept {"First Temple} of {Jerusalem"}]

Religion

q2105_2

This character's birthday is May 8. She trades the fish she catches at The Hob, a black market in District 12.

{Katniss Everdeen} [accept either underlined name]

Literature

q4132_1

The French equivalent to costing "an arm and a leg" is the cost of these body parts.

eyes

Science

q578_3

This figure once tried to destroy mankind by tearing out an eye, which turned into Hathor. At night, he brings light to the darkness of the underworld. The disk above this deity's head is called Aton.

{Ra} [accept Amon-{Ra} or {Re} or Amon-{Re;} do not accept {“Amon”} by itself]

Fine Arts

q4945_3

Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes.

nucleus

Science

q3519_2

This god, sometimes known as Eubuleus (yoo-BOO-lee-us) or Clymenus, punished Sisyphus by requiring him to roll a boulder up a hill. This oldest son of Rhea abducted his future wife while she was picking flowers in the fields of Nysa and then tricked her into staying with him for six months each year by feeding her pomegranate seeds.

{Hades} [prompt on {Pluto}]

Mythology

q1853_3

This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite. This element is bound to four hydrogen atoms in methane.

{carbon} [or {C} before given]

Science

q400_3

In one scene, this character causes a cat to run chaotically through the house by giving it "pain-killer." He plays Robin Hood with Joe Harper. He gets trapped in McDougal's Cave with Becky Thatcher, where he sees Injun Joe hiding.

{Tom Sawyer} [accept either or both underlined parts]

Literature

q2549_2

The Aufbau (“OUF-bou”) principle explains how these particles are placed in their “shells.” The discovery of these particles in cathode rays by J.J. Thomson led him to formulate the plum pudding model.

{electrons}

Science

q545_4

In the buildup to this battle, the losing commander set up a fortification at Gloucester (“GLAU-ster”) shortly after retreating from Williamsburg. A key turning point in this battle was the arrival of reinforcements under Count Rochambeau (“RO-sham-BO”). British naval forces under Thomas Graves failed to break through the French blockade. For 10 points, name this final Revolutionary War battle, after which Lord Cornwallis surrendered.

Battle of {Yorktown}

History

q1671_1

The last "ancient" time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period.

Japan [or Nippon]

History

q5001_3

The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011. Human rights activists in this country, including the currently-jailed 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner, have signed Charter 08. Starting in March 2010, Google refused to follow this nation's Internet censorship policies.

People's Republic of China [or PRC; or Zhongguo; or Zhonggua Renmin Gongheguo]

History

q3131_1

The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant.

{mass} [accept {inertia} before \"m\" is read; prompt on m before mentioned]

Science

q582_1

Works of this type include "The Library of Babel" and "The Garden of Forking Paths," both by Jorge Luis Borges.

{short story} [accept short stories by Jorge Luis Borges before it is read; prompt on fiction; prompt on story; prompt on prose; do not accept "novel"]

Literature

q4126_1

After having much of his legislation overturned by the Supreme Court, this leader proposed his court packing plan.

{Franklin} Delano {Roosevelt} [accept {FDR}; prompt on {Roosevelt}]

History

q1843_1

This term describes a "zone" below the water table in which groundwater is found.

{saturated} [or word forms, such as {saturation}]

Science

q2869_1

This project's "Original Seven" included Gordon Cooper and Deke Slayton.

Project {Mercury} [or Mercury Seven until \"vehicle\" is read; or Astronaut Group 1 until \"vehicle\" is read]

History

q165_4

An ideal blackbody is an object that absorbs all energy transferred by this process. This is the process in which energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth, because it is the only form of heat exchange that can pass through a vacuum. It takes its name from the fact that it emits energy in all directions. For 10 points, name this type of heat exchange that differs from convection and conduction.

thermal {radiation} [or heat radiation]

Science

q4910_4

The harmonic one of n numbers in a data set is n divided by the sum of the reciprocals of the numbers. The geometric one is the nth root of the product of the numbers. The geometric one is always less than or equal to the arithmetic ("air-ith-MET-ick") one. For 10 points, what is this term in mathematics—the arithmetic one being the sum of the numbers divided by n?

{Mean} [do not accept “average”]

Science

q146_2

The Neptunbrunnen is a fountain in this city, and its Museum Island is a World Heritage Site. The Charlottenburg Palace can be found in it, and Karl-Marx-Allee is a major boulevard.

Berlin, Germany

Geography

q1719_2

In this state in 2013, researchers announced that they had cured a two-year-old girl of HIV. Marco McMillan, one of its towns' mayoral candidates who was openly homosexual, was found murdered in February 2013.

Mississippi

Trash

q224_1

This mountain range includes the Vilcabamba (“VEEL-cuh-BOM-buh”) sub-range and contains a plateau called the altiplano (“ALL-tee-PLAN-oh”).

{Andes} Mountains

Geography

q3963_3

These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH). For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that created the Long Count calendar and had cities at Tikal (tee- KAHL) and Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-zah).

Mayans

History

q5249_4

The NASA Juno spacecraft is destined for this body in 2016, when it will observe this body's magnetic field and determine the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in its atmosphere. Its closest Galilean satellite is partially molten because of tidal forces, and is called Io. This planet contains cyclones called the Little and (*) Great Red Spots. For 10 points, name this gas giant, the largest planet in the solar system.

Jupiter

Science

q1561_1

Otus and Ephialtes (“eff-ee-ALL-tees”) tried to capture this goddess, but ended up slaying each other after she transformed into a deer.

{Artemis}

Mythology

q2581_2

In one of this artist's paintings, Mercury wears a red sash as he reaches up to an orange in an orange grove; that painting, whose central figure stands next to the Three Graces, is La Primavera. Zephyrus and Chloris [KLOR-iss] blow a goddess to land as a horae greets her at a shore in this artist's most famous work.(*)

Sandro Botticelli [or Alessandro (di Mariano di Vanni) Filipepi]

Fine Arts

q483_3

A problem of antiquity concerned constructing a square of the same area as one of these shapes using compass and straightedge; that problem is known as "squaring" this shape. When one on a graph has a total area of pi, it is known as a "unit" one. A line segment connecting two points on this shape is known as a chord.

circles

Science

q622_2

Paul Wittgenstein (“VIT-gen-SHTINE”) commissioned concertos for this instrument that used only the left hand. This instrument is said to have been invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (“BAR-tow-lo- MAY-oh KRIS-tow-for-ee”).

{piano} [accept {pianoforte}]

Fine Arts

q4036_4

This term originated from shapes that had non-integer dimensions. One of them is composed of repeating cardioids and circles. Other examples include the Sierpinski Triangle, which consists of repeating equilateral triangles within a larger triangle, and the Koch snowflake, which has an infinite perimeter but a finite area. For 10 points, name these self-similar mathematical constructs that include the Mandelbrot one.

fractals

Science

q1878_2

One character in this novel is asked by Mistress Hibbins to join her in a witches' sabbath. After being delayed from going to Boston by Native Americans, the protagonist's husband, Roger (*) Chillingworth, meets with the protagonist in jail.

The Scarlet Letter

Literature

q670_5

This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle. Its value is one at 90 degrees but negative one at 270 degrees. Its reciprocal is the cosecant function. In a right triangle, it is defined as the ratio of opposite divided by hypotenuse. For 10 points, name this trigonometric function that is not the tangent or cosine.

{sine}

Science

q813_1

This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object.

friction

Science

q926_4

Examples of these in plants include gibberellins and cytokinins in addition to chemicals that cause tropisms by enlarging cells, auxins. Many human examples are classified as peptides, including gastrin, which aids digestion. Another example, which increases the heart rate, is (*) adrenaline, while other examples are steroids that promote sexual development. For 10 points, name these chemicals that transmit information between cells.

hormones

Science

q5362_1

This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan.

The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]

History

q1785_1

This particle was discovered by J.J. Thomson, and its exact charge was discovered in the Millikan oil drop experiment.

electron [prompt on fermion]

Science

q3232_2

Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods.

tides

Science

q2051_2

This is the only element for which Schrodinger's equation can be solved exactly. Isotopes of this element include tritium and deuterium.

hydrogen [accept H before it is read]

Science

q428_1

One bill addressing this process required a majority of a state's residents to take the Ironclad oath; that bill was the Wade-Davis bill, which was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln in favor of his "Ten Percent Plan" for this process.

military reconstruction [or Reconstruction Era; accept Radical Reconstruction before "Lincoln" but do not accept afterwards]

History

q781_1

This king was in power during the Affair of the Diamond Necklace.

Louis XVI [\"the 16th\"] of France

History

q2046_4

At one point in this novel the main character is told to jump off of a cliff, but is stopped. That character also joins the crew of Hal, Charles, and Mercedes. In this novel, John Thornton is a gold hunter who is killed by five Indians; the main character avenges that death at this novel's end. For 10 points, name this Jack London novel that sees Buck leave his spoiled life and become a sled dog on the Yukon Trail.

{The Call of the Wild}

Literature

q1301_1

This composer wrote a Clarinet Concerto in A Major for Anton Stadler, and he also composed a flute and harp concerto.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Fine Arts

q2443_1

4 times the infinite sum one, minus one third, plus one fifth, minus one seventh, et cetera, equals this number.

pi

Science

q5547_2

One Canada Square, the tallest building completed in this city, is meant to rival its traditional financial center, home to a cathedral designed by Christopher Wren. Its namesake “Eye” is Europe's tallest Ferris wheel. Landmarks here include the Tate Modern and Westminster Abbey. For 10 points, Buckingham Palace in located in what city on the Thames (“temz”), the capital of the United Kingdom?

{London}

Social Science

q3693_2

Areas in this region with substantially reduced object distribution are known as Kirkwood gaps and are formed by the gravitational strength of the planet behind it. One body in this region has a satellite known as Dactyl.

{Asteroid Belt} [prompt on {asteroids}]

Science

q5367_2

During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed on the first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing after day two.

Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]

History

q1582_3

Early in January 2010, copper miners working for Codelco in this nation ended a strike. The government of this country was criticized for utilizing the military to restore order, citing the oppression of former president Augusto Pinochet (“PIN-oh-shay”). It is led by outgoing president Michelle Bachelet (“BASH-uh-lay”).

Republic of {Chile}

History

q1760_4

One superstition concerning certain winners of this election is known as Tecumseh's (“teh-CUM- seh's”) Curse. Third party candidates in previous elections of this type include Ross Perot and Teddy Roosevelt. Its most recent iteration concentrated on the economy, the war in Iraq, and people associated with Barack Obama. For 10 points, what is this election, held most recently in 2008 and responsible for choosing the next American leader?

{Presidential general} election [accept either]

History

q213_3

Richard Mentor Johnson's political career was helped by the belief that he personally killed this man at the Battle of the Thames (TEMS). This man helped co-found a settlement in the Indiana Territory where his brother was defeated by William Henry Harrison; that defeat occurred during the Battle of Tippecanoe. For 10 points, name this leader of the Shawnee that attempted to unite all of the Indian tribes in the early 1800's.

Tecumseh [accept Tecumtha; accept Tekamthi]

History

q1727_4

The most winning woman he ever knew was hanged for poisoning three little children for their insurance-money. Irene Adler, always THE woman to this man, outwitted him during his investigation of “A Scandal in Bohemia.” This man returned in “The Adventure of the Empty House” after battling Professor Moriarty to the death. For 10 points, name this detective faithfully accompanied by John Watson.

{Sherlock Holmes} [accept either]

Literature

q3488_3

An alpha particle is a nucleus of this element, which has a filled 1s (ONE S) orbital but no p orbitals at ground state. After the Hindenburg disaster, this gas replaced hydrogen in zeppelins and blimps. Because the speed of sound in this gas is much faster than that in air, inhaling it causes a high-pitched voice.

helium [accept He before it is read]

Science

q442_3

It was the subject of a Scientific American special report dealing with Modified Newtonian Dynamics by Mordechai Milgrom (“MOR-de-kye MILL-grum”). This substance was first proposed in 1934 by Fritz Zwicky (“ZWICK-ee”) to make up for "missing mass" in the universe. Its non-baryonic (“NON BARE- ee-on-ick”) variety contains no mass.

{dark matter} [accept {dark} matter after “{matter}” is read]

Science

q2386_4

This nation overthrew Albania's King Zog. A major event in the unification of this nation was the Expedition of the Thousand, and its first king after unification was Victor Emanuel II. In 1935 this nation invaded Ethiopia. One of its leaders was called Il Duce, and along with Germany, it was one of Europe's major Axis powers.

{Italy} [or {Italia}]

History

q7150_1

One of this man's works depicts his self-portrait in a glass ball situated on his hand.

M(aurits) C(ornelius) {Escher}

Fine Arts

q1648_2

Buildup of these organic molecules in the brain causes Tay-Sachs disease, and vitamins A and D dissolve in them. Humans use adipose cells to store the triglyceride form of these, while their water-repellant quality makes them excellent insulation in marine mammals.

fats [or fatty acids; prompt on lipids]

Science

q2123_2

As punishment for not worshipping a golden statue, this man's friends were ordered thrown into a furnace, but they were not burned. While training to be a scribe, this man was given the Babylonian name Belteshazzar (“BEL-tuh-SHAH-zar”).

{Daniel}

Religion

q5031_1

RAID arrays are combinations of these objects that often connect via IDE or Serial ATA.

{hard} disk {drives} [prompt on ({hard}) {\"disk}(s)\"]

Science

q702_1

In rotational motion, this quantity can be obtained by taking one half of the moment of inertia times the angular velocity squared.

kinetic energy [accept KE; accept kinetic energy after "energy"]

Science

q739_1

The founding of this nation was promised in the Balfour Declaration.

{Israel}

History

q470_3

The number of positive real roots of a polynomial can be found by this man's Rule of Signs. His philosophical works include the Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. He is the namesake of the standard x-y coordinate system.

Rene {Descartes} [accept {Descartes' Rule of Signs} before "Rule"]

Philosophy

q3736_3

The poorwill is the only bird to demonstrate this behavior, which can be defined as sustained torpor. It is called estivation (“ess-tiv-AY-shun”) if it occurs during the summer. Animals must either collect or eat lots of food during the fall so that they do not starve while doing it.

{hibernation} [accept word forms]

Science

q647_3

In one novel, this writer depicts a character named Protopopov (“PRO-tow-POP-ahv”) who becomes the lover of Natasha, the selfish wife of Andrey Prozorov (“PRO-zor-ahv”). In another novel, this writer depicts the intellectual liberal named Anya who is the daughter of Madame Ranevskaya (“RAHN-ev- SKY-uh”). For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard.

Anton Pavlovich {Chekhov}

Literature

q3096_1

In 2003, this person warned that the Iraq War would create 100 bin Ladens.

Hosni Mubarak

Trash

q597_4

Starburst types of these systems have unusually high supplies of gas, and they can combine in a process known as cannibalism. The "tuning fork diagram" is a graphic depiction of the Hubble classification scheme for these systems, which divides them into irregular, elliptical and spiral types. M31 is the Andromeda one. For 10 points, name these regions of the universe that include the Milky Way.

galaxies [or galaxy]

Science

q2112_4

Seven laws that apply to non-Jews are named for this figure, whose nakedness was uncovered by one of his sons. An agreement this figure made with God is symbolized by the rainbow. He was the son of Lamekh (LAH-meck) and had three sons, Japheth (JAY-feth), Ham, and Shem. To confirm that one of his jobs was complete, he sent a dove to check for dry land.

{Noah} [or {Noakh;} accept {Noahide laws} before "nakedness"]

Religion

q1049_1

He defended a campaign fund with his "Checkers Speech," which helped him maintain his role as Dwight Eisenhower's running mate.

Richard {Nixon}

History

q3963_2

These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH).

Mayans

History

q1217_2

This "Foremost of the Westerners" is linked with Serapis through the Apis bull. This son of Geb and Nut (NOOT) was cut into fourteen pieces that were scattered throughout the country by his brother.

{Osiris} [accept {Anubis} before "Serapis" is read; prompt on Khenti-Amentiu]

Mythology

q426_3

According to one myth, this figure used the eye of the Graiae (GRAY - eye) as a bargaining tool in order to learn the location of the Hesperides. He was born after his mother, Danae, was impregnated by Zeus in the form of a golden shower. This figure defeated Cetus, after which he married Andromeda.

Perseus

Mythology

q419_1

Among this poet's famous lines are "Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all" and "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die".

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Literature

q1921_3

In this novel the narrator's father shoots Tim Johnson, a rabid dog. The narrator and her brother are attacked on the way home from a Halloween pageant, but are saved by Boo Radley. In this book, Tom Robinson is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell; he is defended by attorney Atticus Finch, but is convicted.

To Kill a Mockingbird

Literature

q1498_3

The IBM Model M is a particularly highly regarded example of this type of device. They sometimes use the Dvorak layout, but the most popular arrangement for them was designed by Christopher Sholes and is deliberately inefficient to avoid (*) jamming. For 10 points, name these devices that often use the QWERTY [KWUR-tee] layout, and are used to enter numbers and letters into a computer.

(computer or typewriter) {keyboards}

Science

q3341_1

This constellation contains the Trapezium Cluster and is the site of a late-October meteor shower.

Orion [prompt on Hunter before it is read]

Science

q19_4

This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties. Islands located here include Kodiak and Amaknak (“uh-MACK-nack”), the most populous of the Aleutians (“uh-LOO-shins”). Its largest city lies on the Cook Inlet, and its city of Nome lies on the Bering Sea. For 10 points, name this state, whose cities include Fairbanks and Anchorage, and which is the northernmost state in the United States.

Alaska

Geography

q1170_2

One chytrid (KYE-trid) member of this group has been blamed for the worldwide decline in frog populations, and the Salem witch trials have been blamed on another species that infests rye with ergot. Lichens consist of algae and a member of this kingdom, whose species reproduce through spores and have hyphae bodies with chitin cell walls.

Fungi [or fungus]

Science

q1731_3

At one point in this book, two characters recite nursery rhymes and the Gettysburg Address to avoid being hypnotized by a man with red eyes. The main character of this book meets several tentacled creatures, including one called Aunt Beast, while rescuing her father from Camazotz. Its title concept is a tesseract through which Meg Murry visits the fifth dimension.

A Wrinkle in Time

Literature

q454_3

After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, this man retreated to the Jianggang (JAHNG-gahng) Mountains, where he joined forces with Zhu De (ZHOO DAY), creating the Red Army. He was succeeded by Hua Guofeng (WAH gwo-FANG) and went on the Long March after being surrounded by Kuomintang forces. Under his guidance, the Hundred Flowers Campaign and Great Leap Forward were launched.

Mao Zedong [or Mao Tse-tung; or Chairman Mao]

History

q5790_4

A group of genes coding for lactose breakdown, known as the lac operon, was first discovered in this model organism. Although it is not Shigella, shiga toxins are produced in virulent strains of this organism such as its serotype O157:H7. They colonize the human gut at birth. For 10 points, name these gramnegative bacteria that are a common cause of food poisoning and food recalls.

Escherichia {coli} [prompt on Bacillus coli communis]

Science

q476_1

These animals can be harmed by the spread of Varroa mites, and their best known species is mellifera.

honey {bees} [accept {\"Apis\"} before it is mentioned; do not accept \"wasp(s)\" or \"hornet(s)\"]

Science

q2088_3

This man's son was baptized by Olaf Tryggvason (TRIG-vah-"sun"). This Norwegian native was exiled from Iceland and Oxney for committing multiple murders in both places. During his three years of exile, this man explored Greenland and found the first permanent colony there in 985.

Erik the Red [or Erik Thorvaldsson; prompt on Erik]

History

q544_3

This leader's half-brother is believed to be a drug trafficker, but serves as the chief of a provincial council. This leader was originally put in power by a loya jirga (LOY-uh JER-guh). In October 2010, this man admitted to receiving bags of cash from Iran.

Hamid {Karzai} [or Hamid Karzay]

Trash

q119_1

One of these landforms "of Tehuantepec" (teh-WAHN-teh-pek) is found in the Mexican states of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) and Veracruz.

{isthmus} [accept isthmi]

Geography

q2210_1

The difference quotient calculates this value for a secant, and the derivative is this for a tangent line.

slope

Science

q1555_5

This man is told by the ghost of his wife Creusa to leave for Hesperia after carrying his father Anchises (ann-KYE-sees) and son Ascanius out of a besieged city. He visits the underworld with the help of a golden bough, on the advice of the Cumaean Sibyl. He duels Turnus for the hand of Lavinia. After this son of Venus leaves Carthage, Dido kills herself. For 10 points, name this Trojan who founds Rome according to an epic by Virgil.

Aeneas [prompt on The Aeneid]

Mythology

q5736_3

The DNA in this organelle (“or-guh-NELL”) is inherited only from the mother. The inner membrane of this organelle contains folds known as cristae (“CRISS-tay”) and encloses its matrix. This organelle is the site of oxidative phosphorylation (“ox-ih-DAY-tiv FOSS-for-ill-AY-shun”), which occurs at the end of the electron transport chain.

{mitochondria} (“ MY-toe-KON-dree-uh ”) [or {mitochondrion}]

Science

q3232_5

Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods. An unusually high concentration of dinoflagellates (DYE-no-FLADGE-ell-ates) can cause the "red" type. Weak versions of these events are known as "neap" ones and occur in the first and third quarters of the lunar cycle. For 10 points, name these variations in the sea level.

tides

Science

q3264_4

This present-day nation was the center of Axum, and its church claims to hold the Ark of the Covenant. It defeated Italy at the Battle of Adowa under Emperor Menilek (MEN-ee-lek) II. Rastafarians (RAHSS-tah-FAR-ee-ins) hold that another emperor, Haile Selassie (HAY-lee seh-LAH-see), was the second coming of Jesus. Its first emperor was supposedly the son of the Queen of Sheba.

Federal Democratic Republic of {Ethiopia} [or {Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik;} prompt on {Abyssinia}]

History

q250_1

This work begins with a word that means "what" and calls for attention.

Beowulf

Literature

q370_5

This man came to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire (broo-MAIR). His forces defeated the Prussians at Jena (YAY-nah) and the combined Russian and Austrian forces at Austerlitz. His invasion of Russia was a failure because of the harsh winter. He spent the last years of his life exiled on St. Helena, and he sold the Louisiana Territory to America. For 10 points, name this French emperor from Corsica who ruled after the French revolution

{Napoleon Bonaparte} [or Napoleon I]

History

q833_4

This man designed railway stations in Santiago, Chile and Budapest, Hungary. He was jailed after being implicated in a failed Panama Canal project, for which he designed the locks. He designed the steel framework for the Statue of Liberty and a thousand-foot-tall structure for the 1889 World's Fair. For 10 points, name this architect and engineer who built a namesake Parisian tower.

(Alexandre) Gustave {Eiffel}

Fine Arts

q1958_2

One of these entities "of variation" equals the standard deviation divided by the mean. Spearman and Pearson name two of these entities that measure correlation.

coefficients

Science

q2088_4

This man's son was baptized by Olaf Tryggvason (TRIG-vah-"sun"). This Norwegian native was exiled from Iceland and Oxney for committing multiple murders in both places. During his three years of exile, this man explored Greenland and found the first permanent colony there in 985. For 10 points, identify this Norseman and father of the explorer Leif Ericsson

Erik the Red [or Erik Thorvaldsson; prompt on Erik]

History

q2272_3

This structure was built on the orders of Walter Ulbricht (“ULL-bricked”), who termed it anti-Fascist. It divided the Potsdamer Platz (“POTTS-dah-mer PLOTS”), and its best-known crossing was at Checkpoint Charlie. Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev to tear it down.

{Berlin Wall} [accept {Berliner Mauer}]

History

q2450_2

These objects have only three externally verifiable properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum, according to the no-hair theorem, and their size can be determined using the Schwarzschild radius. They can be formed following a supernova, and one of them is believed to be at the (*) center of the Milky Way.

black holes

Science

q1707_1

Modifications of this process can use PEP carboxylase ("PEP" car-BOX-ill-ase) to fix a reactant normally fixed by RuBisCO (roo-BISS-ko) in this process's dark reactions.

photosynthesis

Science

q1493_3

During the Civil War, this city was defended by Fort St. Philip and controversially occupied by Union general Benjamin Butler. The Sieur de Bienville led a group of French settlers here in 1718. This city's suburb of Metairie contains the southern end of the Lake (*) Pontchartrain Causeway.

New Orleans, Louisiana

History

q2402_2

The fundamental units in these body parts work according to the sliding-filament hypothesis and are called sarcomeres. The type that surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach is the smooth type, and the other two types are cardiac and skeletal.

muscles

Science

q611_3

The extinction of this island's palm trees is discussed in Jared Diamond's book Collapse. Residents of this island created the rongorongo writing system and carried out rituals in the birdman cult. Platforms known as ahus on this island contain features made of volcanic tuff called (*) moai.

{Easter} Island [or {Rapa Nui}]

Geography