caimira/pb-queries · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 4 8	text stringlengths 36 531	answer stringlengths 1 388	category stringclasses 10 values
q1981_1	This modern state's panhandle was crossed by the Cimarron Cutoff, a branch of the Santa Fe Trail.	Oklahoma	History
q1668_2	The main characters of this book are allowed passage into Fort William Henry after Duncan Heyward tricks a sentinel by speaking French. This book's hero tries to rescue the two "females,"Alice and Cora Munro, after they are kidnapped by Magua (MAH-gwa).	The Last of the Mohicans	Literature
q4292_3	One form of this concept is equal to the product of charge and voltage. For a spring, this quantity is given by one-half times the spring constant times the square of the distance from equilibrium. The gravitational form of this quantity is equal to an object's weight times its height.	{potential energy} [or {potential} energy after “energy”; prompt on energy]	Science
q1795_2	One senator from this state was the only one not to cast a vote on the December 24th Senate Health Care Bill. That man, George Voinovich (“VOY-no-vitch”), earned his first major political post by defeating Dennis Kucinich (“koo-SIN-itch”).	Ohio	Trash
q1641_1	The philosophy of nullification was developed to oppose this form of government.	{federalism} [accept word forms such as {federalist}]	History
q5457_4	Although he is not Sun Tzu, this man wrote a version of The Art of War. He wrote a critique of Roman history in his Discourses on Livy. This man used the term virtu to describe a leader's ability to adapt to different circumstances in a work that also discusses how it is better to be feared than loved. He wrote a history of his native Florence for Giulio de' Medici.	Niccolo {Machiavelli}	Philosophy
q1323_1	This musician says, after declaring "now I'm gonna make you dance," "girl you know you're my world" in his song "Just Lose It."	Eminem [or Marshall Bruce Mathers III]	Trash
q670_3	This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle. Its value is one at 90 degrees but negative one at 270 degrees. Its reciprocal is the cosecant function.	{sine}	Science
q131_3	In January 2012, in this nation, a French TV reporter was killed while reporting from a progovernment rally in this nation's city of Homs. Unrest there was triggered by the arrest and torture of students in Dara'a, which was not quelled by offers of political reform by its president. For 10 points, name this nation where the government of Bashar Al-Assad is struggling with protests.	Syrian Arab Republic [or Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah]	History
q1707_2	Modifications of this process can use PEP carboxylase ("PEP" car-BOX-ill-ase) to fix a reactant normally fixed by RuBisCO (roo-BISS-ko) in this process's dark reactions. The light reactions of this process occur along the thylakoid ("THIGH"-luh-koyd) membrane.	photosynthesis	Science
q174_3	This empire held together by the use of quipus (“KWEE-poos”) was expanded by Pachacuti (“PAH- chah-COO-tee”) but weakened by civil war between Huascar (“HWASS-car”) and Atahualpa (“AT-uh- WALL-puh”). Cities built in it included the capital, Cuzco (“KOOZ-ko”), and the city discovered by Hiram Bingham, Machu Picchu. For 10 points, what Native American empire of Peru was overthrown by Francisco Pizarro?	{Inca} empire [{or Inka} empire; {or Incan} civilization]	History
q1219_3	This man's essays include one about a policeman in Burma "Shooting an Elephant." He wrote a novel in which O'Brien sends Winston Smith to Room 101 in the dystopian state of Oceania. In another novel by this man, the death of Old Major results in a power struggle between Snowball and Napoleon, who represent Trotsky and Stalin.	George Orwell [or Eric Arthur Blair]	Literature
q2899_3	Antenaresis, or Euclid's method, can be used to find this value given any two numbers. It can be also be found by multiplying two numbers and dividing by their least common multiple. For numbers which are relatively prime, this value is one.	{greatest common factor} [or {GCF;} or {highest common factor;} or {greatest common divisor;} or {highest common divisor;} do not accept "least common denominator"]	Science
q5093_2	The uniform probability distribution takes this shape. Rotating this shape using one of its sides as an axis yields a cylinder.	{rectangles} [do not accept or prompt on "square"]	Science
q1648_1	Buildup of these organic molecules in the brain causes Tay-Sachs disease, and vitamins A and D dissolve in them.	fats [or fatty acids; prompt on lipids]	Science
q1931_4	The practice of kapparot associated with this holiday sees a donation to the poor, while the Tetragrammaton or Ha-Shem was pronounced by the High Priest of the Great Temple on this day. The last of the five services occurring on this day is the Neilah. People try to transfer their sins away and recite the Kol Nidre prayer before its beginning. Occurring on the 10th of Tishrei, it concludes the (*) High Holy Days.	{Yom Kippur} [or {Yom ha}-{Kipurim;} prompt on Jewish \"Day of Atonement\" before mention]	Religion
q398_3	The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the "Tryst with Destiny" speech. Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar. (*) For 10 points name this country once headed by Jawaharlal Nehru that disputes the status of Kashmir with Pakistan.	Republic of {India} [accept {Bhārat Gaṇarājya}]	History
q5043_1	In one opera by this man, the soldiers Ferrando and Guglielmo (“gool-YELL-mo”) test their wives by seducing them in the guise of Albanians.	Wolfgang Amadeus {Mozart}	Fine Arts
q1724_1	This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man.	Fyodor Dostoevsky	Literature
q1154_3	In this novel, a widow seeks help moving her house out of the path of Farmer Fitzgibbon's plow. Jeremy takes her to visit a wise, old owl who suggests asking the title characters to move her house "to the lee of the stone." Those characters live in a rosebush and are technologically advanced rodents.	Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of {NIMH}	Literature
q1610_2	He sent his armies to quash an uprising that was sparked by the Papist Act of 1778; these uprisings were known as the Gordon Riots. He succeeded his grandfather as king during the Seven Years' War, and although he won that war, the resulting debt led Parliament to pass the Stamp Act of 1765.	{George III} [prompt on George]	History
q3283_4	A popular novel about this figure is T.H. White's The Once and Future King. In the Annales Cambriae (ah-NAH-less CAM-bree-ay), this figure was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camlann during a fight with his son Mordred. In that text, the wizard Merlin is mentioned only once, though in Thomas Malory's The Death of this figure, Merlin helps this man find Excalibur. For 10 points, name this legendary king of Britain.	King {Arthur}	Mythology
q3283_1	A popular novel about this figure is T.H. White's The Once and Future King.	King {Arthur}	Mythology
q624_3	This instrument was played by Cannonball Adderley on Kind of Blue, as well as by a musician whose own albums include Giant Steps and A Love Supreme. Another player of this instrument released Ornithology and Yardbird Suite. It was played by John Coltrane and Charlie Parker.	{saxophone} [accept alto saxophone]	Fine Arts
q426_5	According to one myth, this figure used the eye of the Graiae (GRAY - eye) as a bargaining tool in order to learn the location of the Hesperides. He was born after his mother, Danae, was impregnated by Zeus in the form of a golden shower. This figure defeated Cetus, after which he married Andromeda. After this hero slew his most famous foe, Pegasus was born from her blood. For 10 points, name this slayer of Medusa.	Perseus	Mythology
q154_2	This leader was denounced by his successor in the "Secret Speech." His country agreed to a nonaggression pact with Germany, but Hitler invaded his nation in Operation Barbarossa.	Joseph {Stalin} [or Joseph {Dzughashvili}]	History
q1957_3	These objects contain columns called seracs and tubes called moulins. They create kame (CAME) and kettle topography as well as drumlins, which are land forms in the shape of whales, and kettles, which are generally shallow lakes. The debris they leave behind is often called a moraine.	glaciers	Science
q1323_4	This musician says, after declaring "now I'm gonna make you dance," "girl you know you're my world" in his song "Just Lose It." His film debut came in 8 Mile, which included a song mentioning "vomit on his sweater already, mom's spaghetti." That song was "Lose Yourself." For 10 points, what rapper from Detroit recorded the songs "Without Me," "Not Afraid," and, with Rihanna, "Love the Way You Lie"?	Eminem [or Marshall Bruce Mathers III]	Trash
q2503_1	This politician objected to the Mexican War by giving his Spot Resolutions.	Abraham Lincoln	History
q442_2	It was the subject of a Scientific American special report dealing with Modified Newtonian Dynamics by Mordechai Milgrom (“MOR-de-kye MILL-grum”). This substance was first proposed in 1934 by Fritz Zwicky (“ZWICK-ee”) to make up for "missing mass" in the universe.	{dark matter} [accept {dark} matter after “{matter}” is read]	Science
q1455_2	After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the "kanga"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the "kara" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's. Arjun (AR-joon) Dev compiled this religion's holy text, the Adi Granth, which contains many of the sayings of the first leader, or guru, of this religion.	Sikhism	Religion
q2394_3	The Dewar equation defines this quantity for density-dependent variables. Species that exhibit exponential population growth appear to lack this value, and in logistic population growth, the per capita rate of increase approaches zero near this value. For 10 points, name this ecological term, often denoted k, which is the maximum population that can be sustained by an ecosystem.	carrying {capacity} [prompt on {k} before mentioned]	Science
q692_3	Creations of this type include Roland Barthes's (BART'S) "Death of the Author." Supporting details and examples are found in body paragraphs in this type of writing, genres of which include process, descriptive, argumentative, and compare-and-contrast. A five-paragraph type of these is frequently assigned in high schools.	{essays} [prompt on {papers;} prompt on {prose;} prompt on {non}-{fiction;} do not accept or prompt on "article"; do not accept or prompt on "report"]	Literature
q1153_3	This musician dedicated his Symphony No. 4 in F Minor to his financial supporter Nadezhda (nah- DEZH-dah) von Meck, though they never met. His Sixth Symphony, nicknamed Pathetique (pah-theh- TEEK), premiered nine days before his death. In one of his ballets, the sorcerer Von Rothbart curses Odette; another includes the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy".	Pytor Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}	Fine Arts
q2775_3	Policies during this war included the "strategic hamlet" program and the use of Agent Orange as a defoliant. The Battle of Khe Sanh (“KAY SAWN”) was fought during this war, which ended with the fall of Saigon, a city that was renamed after the victorious side's leader, Ho Chi Minh (“HO CHEE MIN”). For 10 points, a memorial wall in Washington, DC lists the American casualties of what conflict in Southeast Asia?	{Vietnam} War	History
q1011_2	The four quarters of this person's residence were each dedicated to a different god. This ruler's forces were nearly done in by enemy chariots when crossing the Orontes at the Battle of Kadesh.	{Ramses II} [accept {Ramses the Great} or {Rameses II,} prompt on Ramses; prompt on Ozymandias before mentioned]	History
q1492_4	One leader of this country forcibly annexed the Sudetenland (“soo-DAY-ten-land”). During a movement to reunite this country, the leader of one half operated under the policy of ostpolitik (“OST-pol- it-ick”). Following World War I, the Weimar (“VIE-mar”) Republic was established in this nation. It was united after an 1871 war and led by Kaiser Wilhelm I and chancellor Otto von Bismarck.	Federal Republic of {Germany} [or {Bundesrepublik Deutschland}]	History
q301_4	The plan for this city was designed by the French architect Pierre L'Enfant. The Anacostia River flows across the eastern side of this city, whose Orange and Blue metro lines pass through Foggy Bottom. This city is encircled by a "Beltway" that crosses Montgomery County, Maryland and then enters Virginia. For 10 points, the Lincoln Memorial is found in what national capital on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia?	{Washington, DC} [prompt on District of Columbia before read]	Geography
q1094_1	Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit.	{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]	Science
q3389_2	This movie character wants to live with Bonnie instead of going to college. In an earlier story, Sid Phillips plans to barbecue him, but is scared away.	Woody	Trash
q1440_3	Two of these entities are responsible for the Great Rift Valley located in East Africa. Subduction zones are found along them. Several of them are responsible for the area of volcanic activity known as the Ring of Fire, though movement along them more famously causes earthquakes.	{fault}	Science
q2027_3	The Antennae and The Mice are interacting examples of these objects, and Seyfert's Sextet are a group of them. Tidal tails form in these objects, when one or more of them merge. Edwin Hubble classified these on a "tuning fork diagram", which includes the elliptical and (*) spiral types.	{galaxy}	Science
q6207_4	At the suggestion of a Serbian merchant, this artist began his career making toys. His works include the giant Flamingo in Chicago. As his popularity grew, he started to construct both wire sculpture and kinetic art as seen in Form Against Yellow and Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. For 10 points, name this American sculptor known for inventing the mobile sculpture.	Alexander {Calder}	Fine Arts
q2332_2	This woman allied with Walter White to push the failed Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill, but the President refused to publicly endorse it. She and Wendell Wilkie were the first honorary chairpersons of Freedom House.	(Anna) Eleanor Roosevelt [prompt on \"Roosevelt\"]	History
q1778_4	One justification of this act is Paul's visit to Ephesus in the Acts of the Apostles. This act involves asking the Holy Ghost to "send forth upon them thy sevenfold Spirit the Holy Paraclete (PAIR-uh- CLEET)." This act is the imposition of hands and anointing with oil by a bishop. For 10 points, identify this sacrament grouped in the Catholic Church with Baptism and Eucharist.	{Confirmation} [accept word forms such as {Confirming}]	Religion
q696_2	In one work, this man depicted five nude prostitutes, two of them in African masks. In another work, a light bulb shines in the shape of an eye and on the right a figure raises his arms in terror with fire above and below.	Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y) {Picasso}	Fine Arts
q845_3	This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B." Another of his poems asks if "a dream deferred" "dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun." He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers."	James {Langston Hughes}	Literature
q148_2	In one novel written in this language, Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville solve a murder mystery at a monastery. That work, The Name of the Rose, was published in this language eight years before the same author's Foucault's Pendulum.	Italian [accept Italiano or Lingua italiana]	Literature
q12758_1	At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant.	{Las Meninas} [accept The {Maids} of {Honor}]	Fine Arts
q1219_2	This man's essays include one about a policeman in Burma "Shooting an Elephant." He wrote a novel in which O'Brien sends Winston Smith to Room 101 in the dystopian state of Oceania.	George Orwell [or Eric Arthur Blair]	Literature
q898_2	One variant of this organelle (“OR-guh-NELL”) is found in muscle cells and stores calcium. Like the Golgi body, it is composed of flattened sacks called cisternae (“SIS-ter-nay”).	{endoplasmic reticulum} [or {ER} ; accept {sarcoplasmic reticulum} or {SR}]	Science
q2365_1	In one novel by this author, Robert Cohn and Jake Barnes both pursue Lady Brett Ashley as they travel through Spain.	Ernest Hemingway	Literature
q1801_4	A dog barks at a drummer in the lower left of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt. The other is in black with a white collar a red sash across his chest. After restoration, it was revealed that this painting did not actually depict an evening scene.	The {Nightwatch} [or De {Nachtwacht} ; or The {Shooting Company} of Captain Franz Banning	Fine Arts
q2375_1	This European nation established a trading post at Macau (mah-COW) in 1557 as part of its development of trade relations with China.	Portugal	History
q1227_3	A "pillow" form of this substance forms underwater. "Domes" of this substance form from andesite. This substance can be classified, depending on the smoothness of its surface, as a'a (AH-AH) or pahoehoe (pah-HOY-HOY).	lava	Science
q1922_3	This man was the first to institute retirement and disability benefits. This man instituted the May Laws as part of his anti-Catholic program, kulturkampf (KOOL-toor-kahmf). He manipulated the Schleswig- Holstein (SHLESS-vig HOLE-styne) question into war with Austria and doctored the Ems Telegram to instigate an 1870 war with France.	Otto von Bismarck	History
q855_2	This writer symbolized the warbling of a thrush in a swamp and the western fallen star in a poem entitled “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.” This author of “Song of Myself” also described a figure “fallen cold and dead” just after “our fearful trip is done” in a poem on Abraham Lincoln's death.	Walter {Whitman}	Literature
q3209_2	A financial arm of this organization was founded at the Bretton Woods conference, and a conference that oversaw its creation was held in San Francisco. Its former leaders include Dag Hammarskjold (“DOG HAHM-ahr-SKEEOLD”) and Kurt Waldheim (“VALD-hime”).	{United Nations} [or {UN}]	History
q1735_3	In one scene in this novel, a Sheep talks of "crabs" and "feathers" while rowing. This novel begins with the protagonist blaming the black kitten, the offspring of Dinah, for the whole thing. In this novel, the protagonist plays a massively scaled chess game with the Red Queen.	{Through the Looking}-{Glass} [do not accept or prompt on "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" or "Alice in Wonderland"]	Literature
q1170_3	One chytrid (KYE-trid) member of this group has been blamed for the worldwide decline in frog populations, and the Salem witch trials have been blamed on another species that infests rye with ergot. Lichens consist of algae and a member of this kingdom, whose species reproduce through spores and have hyphae bodies with chitin cell walls. For 10 points, name this kingdom of important decomposers like molds, yeasts, and mushrooms.	Fungi [or fungus]	Science
q3032_2	This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello..	Thomas Jefferson	History
q5031_4	RAID arrays are combinations of these objects that often connect via IDE or Serial ATA. They are sometimes replaced by SSDs and can be structured using NTFS or FAT. These objects contain spinning platters that use magnetism to (*) store data, so the data is retained even when they are powered off. For 10 points, name these devices with capacities often in the terabytes, used to store computer data.	{hard} disk {drives} [prompt on ({hard}) {\"disk}(s)\"]	Science
q2096_4	This work opens with stories of a pilot who misread his directions and a friend who was distracted by a salmon hatchery. This book's protagonist runs off with his baby brother Gabe to avoid punishment by "Release." The title character is able to turn off the speaker, see colors, and transfer memories from the past world. For 10 points, what novel about a "Receiver of Memories" named Jonas was written by Lois Lowry?	The Giver	Literature
q787_3	Some of this company's products use the SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine and the Gecko rendering engine. This free software company grew out of Netscape and produces an email client called Thunderbird. Its most popular product, currently on version 19, has a mobile version called Fennec and is a web (*) browser that was recently passed in market share by Google Chrome.	Mozilla	Trash
q354_4	One famous work for this instrument is Caprice No. 24 by Paganini (pag-uh-NEE-nee). In Berlioz's (BER-lee-ohz) Symphonie Fantastique (fan-tas-TEEK), a head bouncing from a guillotine is depicted by this instrument playing pizzicato (PITZ-ee-KAH-toe). The concertmaster of an orchestra is the first chair of this instrument, several of which were crafted by Stradivarius. For 10 points, name this string instrument higher in pitch than a viola.	violin	Fine Arts
q6926_1	This world leader ordered that people who hide cell phones should be shot, and in February 2013 it was discovered that he uses a Taiwanese HTC phone.	{Kim Jong}-{un} [prompt on partial answer]	Social Science
q12393_1	The “straw” form of this practice is unscientific and the “push” form of this is really just a campaign tactic designed to attack an opponent in disguise.	{polls} [or {polling}]	Social Science
q3482_3	Two stars in this asterism, Mizar (“MEE-zar”) and Alcor (“AL-core”), have been called the Horse and Rider. Though the North Star is not in this asterism, one can find it by tracing a line from Merak (“MARE-ack”) and Dubhe (“DUB-he”), which make up one side of this asterism's title feature. For 10 points, name this group of about seven stars found in Ursa Major, which also comes in a "little" version.	The {Big Dipper} [or {Plough} or {Drinking Gourd}]	Science
q696_3	In one work, this man depicted five nude prostitutes, two of them in African masks. In another work, a light bulb shines in the shape of an eye and on the right a figure raises his arms in terror with fire above and below. This artist of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (lay DAY-mwah-ZELL dha-veen-YOH) painted The Old Guitarist during his Blue Period.	Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y) {Picasso}	Fine Arts
q874_2	This artwork was painted over a previous decoration of gold stars on a blue sky. Sibyls and Prophets surround its nine central panels, which depict scenes from the Book of Genesis.	{ceiling} of the {Sistine Chapel} [prompt on {Sistine Chapel}]	Fine Arts
q3696_2	In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth.	Gilgamesh	Mythology
q4010_2	In 1994 this band released their debut album, the Blue Album. One music video by them shows groups of people breaking Guinness World Records including Largest Game of Dodgeball and Largest Air Guitar Ensemble.	Weezer	Trash
q1508_4	This party was founded by several ex-Whigs. Past leaders of this party include Newt Gingrich, the creator of the Contract with America, and Teddy Roosevelt. One member of this party made a campaign pledge of "no new taxes," and Libertarians traditionally run under this major party's banner. It is currently chaired by Michael Steele.	{Republican} Party [accept {GOP} or {Grand Old Party} before mentioned]	History
q1590_5	Two characters in this book later appear as the main characters of Many Waters. Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs.Which start this journey in this book. Some characters in this novel can kythe (“KITHE”), while others can tesseract.	A Wrinkle in Time	Literature
q278_1	This mountain range was created by the subduction of the Nazca Plate.	{Andes} Mountains	Geography
q113_2	Artists primarily known for work in this movement include Max Ernst and Yves Tanguy. One work of this movement, The Treachery of Images, depicts a pipe and the French words for "this is not a pipe."	surrealism	Fine Arts
q1126_1	Blaise Pascal names a theorem about these shapes inscribed in conic sections.	hexagons	Science
q919_3	One character on this show was a model who dated a girl named Marta before taking a job as a doorman. Another character on this show spent 3 days in law school and repeatedly sets things on fire. One of the main character's friends is a tech (*) wizard with an overbearing mother, while the other is a meat-addicted delinquent who co-hosts the title show.	iCarly	Trash
q4945_4	Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. This organelle divides in two during mitosis because DNA is found here.	nucleus	Science
q104_4	In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style. This painting's models were the painter's dentist and his sister, Nan. For 10 points, name this regionalist Grant Wood work that depicts a woman and her pitchfork-holding father.	American Gothic	Fine Arts
q3232_3	Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods. An unusually high concentration of dinoflagellates (DYE-no-FLADGE-ell-ates) can cause the "red" type.	tides	Science
q4132_2	The French equivalent to costing "an arm and a leg" is the cost of these body parts. In Latin, this word translates as "oculus," while the Greek translation, "ophthalmos," gives the terms "ophthalmologist" and "optometrist" for doctors of these body parts.	eyes	Science
q1519_2	This planet and Earth are the only ones whose atmospheres are mostly nitrogen. Pictures of it were taken during a search for the hypothetical Planet O. Perceval Lowell predicted the presence of this planet discovered by Clyde Tombaugh (“TOM-baw”).	{Pluto}	Science
q2402_3	The fundamental units in these body parts work according to the sliding-filament hypothesis and are called sarcomeres. The type that surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach is the smooth type, and the other two types are cardiac and skeletal. One of them, the diaphragm, ultimately fails in a namesake kind of "dystrophy."	muscles	Science
q104_2	In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style.	American Gothic	Fine Arts
q1366_2	A December 2012 agreement between this country's National Action, Democratic Revolution, and Institutional Revolutionary Parties led to constitutional amendments in 2013. The last of those parties is headed by (*) Enrique Peña Nieto [en-REE-kay PAY-nya nee-AY-toe], who replaced Felipe [fay-LEE-pay] Calderon as president.	Los Estados Unidos de {México} [or {United Mexican States}]	Trash
q3260_4	This shape names a law for adding vectors. In a namesake illusion, diagonals of two of these figures appear to be different lengths, though they are not. Though not necessarily the same length, the diagonals of this quadrilateral bisect each other. If all four sides of this type of figure are of equal length, the figure is a rhombus.	{parallelogram} [do not accept or prompt on more specific answers such as "rhombus," "square," or "rectangle;" do not accept or prompt on less specific answers such as "quadrilateral"]	Science
q2641_2	The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia.	{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]	Science
q4861_2	Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death.	Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]	Mythology
q2223_1	Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle.	{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]	Fine Arts
q380_1	This "autonomous region" southwest of Qinghai (CHING-high) province is bounded on the north by the Kunlun (KOON-LOON) mountains.	Tibet	Geography
q2151_1	He compared himself to Robert Downey Jr. on a Colbert (“cole-BEAR”) Report appearance in which he defended himself from rumors of a lifestyle change.	{Cookie Monster}	Trash
q999_1	J.M.W. Turner painted one of these things before it was to be "broken up" in his The Fighting Temeraire.	{boats} or {ships} [accept {warships;} accept {sea vessels} before it is mentioned]	Fine Arts
q805_4	This element combines with nitrogen to form cyanides, and it combines with iron to make steel. Sixty atoms of this make a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (BUCK-min-ster-FULL-er-een), and another allotrope, mistakenly referred to as lead and used in pencils, is graphite. It exists in all organic molecules. A molecule made of this element and two oxygen atoms is used by plants in photosynthesis.	carbon [accept C until mentioned]	Science
q1843_3	This term describes a "zone" below the water table in which groundwater is found. This term describes compounds that contain only single bonds. It also describes solutions that have the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute.	{saturated} [or word forms, such as {saturation}]	Science
q2294_3	While president of the Estates-General (es-TAHTS zhay-nay-RAHL), this man presented the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen to Louis XVI. He refused to become dictator after the 1830 July Revolution. Earlier, he had helped to secure French aid to the American Revolution.	Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de {Lafayette}	History
q80_3	One piece of evidence that supports its existence is that the Caledonian mountains of Northern Europe are a continuation of the Appalachian Mountains. This entity broke up into Laurasia and Gondwanaland (“gon-DWON-uh-land”). Alfred Wegener (“VAY-guh-nuhr”) coined its name during a lecture in which he discussed his theory of continental drift.	Pangaea	Science
q3535_1	This man created a wedding guest who is accosted by a man lamenting, "Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink" in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."	Samuel Taylor Coleridge	Literature
q347_3	It reportedly began with the false accusations of a wigmaker's apprentice, which supposedly led a crowd to throw snowballs. The first person to die in this incident was Crispus Attucks, and in total five people died out of the three hundred estimated to be in the crowd surrounding Captain Thomas Preston's British troops. For 10 points, identify this 1770 incident named for the New England city where it occurred.	{Boston Massacre} [accept reasonable equivalents]	History
q2045_4	Factors of 1 plus this value all to the nth power appear in both the numerator and denominator of the amortization formula. Dividing a final value by the nth power of one plus this quantity yields present value. Factors of one plus this quantity to the nth power and one plus n times this quantity, when multiplied by a (*) principal value, represent its compound and simple types. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the cost of borrowing money.	{interest} rate [accept {simple interest} rate or {compound interest} rate]	Science

q1981_1

This modern state's panhandle was crossed by the Cimarron Cutoff, a branch of the Santa Fe Trail.

Oklahoma

History

q1668_2

The main characters of this book are allowed passage into Fort William Henry after Duncan Heyward tricks a sentinel by speaking French. This book's hero tries to rescue the two "females,"Alice and Cora Munro, after they are kidnapped by Magua (MAH-gwa).

The Last of the Mohicans

Literature

q4292_3

One form of this concept is equal to the product of charge and voltage. For a spring, this quantity is given by one-half times the spring constant times the square of the distance from equilibrium. The gravitational form of this quantity is equal to an object's weight times its height.

{potential energy} [or {potential} energy after “energy”; prompt on energy]

Science

q1795_2

One senator from this state was the only one not to cast a vote on the December 24th Senate Health Care Bill. That man, George Voinovich (“VOY-no-vitch”), earned his first major political post by defeating Dennis Kucinich (“koo-SIN-itch”).

Ohio

Trash

q1641_1

The philosophy of nullification was developed to oppose this form of government.

{federalism} [accept word forms such as {federalist}]

History

q5457_4

Although he is not Sun Tzu, this man wrote a version of The Art of War. He wrote a critique of Roman history in his Discourses on Livy. This man used the term virtu to describe a leader's ability to adapt to different circumstances in a work that also discusses how it is better to be feared than loved. He wrote a history of his native Florence for Giulio de' Medici.

Niccolo {Machiavelli}

Philosophy

q1323_1

This musician says, after declaring "now I'm gonna make you dance," "girl you know you're my world" in his song "Just Lose It."

Eminem [or Marshall Bruce Mathers III]

Trash

q670_3

This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle. Its value is one at 90 degrees but negative one at 270 degrees. Its reciprocal is the cosecant function.

{sine}

Science

q131_3

In January 2012, in this nation, a French TV reporter was killed while reporting from a progovernment rally in this nation's city of Homs. Unrest there was triggered by the arrest and torture of students in Dara'a, which was not quelled by offers of political reform by its president. For 10 points, name this nation where the government of Bashar Al-Assad is struggling with protests.

Syrian Arab Republic [or Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah]

History

q1707_2

Modifications of this process can use PEP carboxylase ("PEP" car-BOX-ill-ase) to fix a reactant normally fixed by RuBisCO (roo-BISS-ko) in this process's dark reactions. The light reactions of this process occur along the thylakoid ("THIGH"-luh-koyd) membrane.

photosynthesis

Science

q174_3

This empire held together by the use of quipus (“KWEE-poos”) was expanded by Pachacuti (“PAH- chah-COO-tee”) but weakened by civil war between Huascar (“HWASS-car”) and Atahualpa (“AT-uh- WALL-puh”). Cities built in it included the capital, Cuzco (“KOOZ-ko”), and the city discovered by Hiram Bingham, Machu Picchu. For 10 points, what Native American empire of Peru was overthrown by Francisco Pizarro?

{Inca} empire [{or Inka} empire; {or Incan} civilization]

History

q1219_3

This man's essays include one about a policeman in Burma "Shooting an Elephant." He wrote a novel in which O'Brien sends Winston Smith to Room 101 in the dystopian state of Oceania. In another novel by this man, the death of Old Major results in a power struggle between Snowball and Napoleon, who represent Trotsky and Stalin.

George Orwell [or Eric Arthur Blair]

Literature

q2899_3

Antenaresis, or Euclid's method, can be used to find this value given any two numbers. It can be also be found by multiplying two numbers and dividing by their least common multiple. For numbers which are relatively prime, this value is one.

{greatest common factor} [or {GCF;} or {highest common factor;} or {greatest common divisor;} or {highest common divisor;} do not accept "least common denominator"]

Science

q5093_2

The uniform probability distribution takes this shape. Rotating this shape using one of its sides as an axis yields a cylinder.

{rectangles} [do not accept or prompt on "square"]

Science

q1648_1

Buildup of these organic molecules in the brain causes Tay-Sachs disease, and vitamins A and D dissolve in them.

fats [or fatty acids; prompt on lipids]

Science

q1931_4

The practice of kapparot associated with this holiday sees a donation to the poor, while the Tetragrammaton or Ha-Shem was pronounced by the High Priest of the Great Temple on this day. The last of the five services occurring on this day is the Neilah. People try to transfer their sins away and recite the Kol Nidre prayer before its beginning. Occurring on the 10th of Tishrei, it concludes the (*) High Holy Days.

{Yom Kippur} [or {Yom ha}-{Kipurim;} prompt on Jewish \"Day of Atonement\" before mention]

Religion

q398_3

The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the "Tryst with Destiny" speech. Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar. (*) For 10 points name this country once headed by Jawaharlal Nehru that disputes the status of Kashmir with Pakistan.

Republic of {India} [accept {Bhārat Gaṇarājya}]

History

q5043_1

In one opera by this man, the soldiers Ferrando and Guglielmo (“gool-YELL-mo”) test their wives by seducing them in the guise of Albanians.

Wolfgang Amadeus {Mozart}

Fine Arts

q1724_1

This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Literature

q1154_3

In this novel, a widow seeks help moving her house out of the path of Farmer Fitzgibbon's plow. Jeremy takes her to visit a wise, old owl who suggests asking the title characters to move her house "to the lee of the stone." Those characters live in a rosebush and are technologically advanced rodents.

Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of {NIMH}

Literature

q1610_2

He sent his armies to quash an uprising that was sparked by the Papist Act of 1778; these uprisings were known as the Gordon Riots. He succeeded his grandfather as king during the Seven Years' War, and although he won that war, the resulting debt led Parliament to pass the Stamp Act of 1765.

{George III} [prompt on George]

History

q3283_4

A popular novel about this figure is T.H. White's The Once and Future King. In the Annales Cambriae (ah-NAH-less CAM-bree-ay), this figure was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camlann during a fight with his son Mordred. In that text, the wizard Merlin is mentioned only once, though in Thomas Malory's The Death of this figure, Merlin helps this man find Excalibur. For 10 points, name this legendary king of Britain.

King {Arthur}

Mythology

q3283_1

A popular novel about this figure is T.H. White's The Once and Future King.

King {Arthur}

Mythology

q624_3

This instrument was played by Cannonball Adderley on Kind of Blue, as well as by a musician whose own albums include Giant Steps and A Love Supreme. Another player of this instrument released Ornithology and Yardbird Suite. It was played by John Coltrane and Charlie Parker.

{saxophone} [accept alto saxophone]

Fine Arts

q426_5

According to one myth, this figure used the eye of the Graiae (GRAY - eye) as a bargaining tool in order to learn the location of the Hesperides. He was born after his mother, Danae, was impregnated by Zeus in the form of a golden shower. This figure defeated Cetus, after which he married Andromeda. After this hero slew his most famous foe, Pegasus was born from her blood. For 10 points, name this slayer of Medusa.

Perseus

Mythology

q154_2

This leader was denounced by his successor in the "Secret Speech." His country agreed to a nonaggression pact with Germany, but Hitler invaded his nation in Operation Barbarossa.

Joseph {Stalin} [or Joseph {Dzughashvili}]

History

q1957_3

These objects contain columns called seracs and tubes called moulins. They create kame (CAME) and kettle topography as well as drumlins, which are land forms in the shape of whales, and kettles, which are generally shallow lakes. The debris they leave behind is often called a moraine.

glaciers

Science

q1323_4

This musician says, after declaring "now I'm gonna make you dance," "girl you know you're my world" in his song "Just Lose It." His film debut came in 8 Mile, which included a song mentioning "vomit on his sweater already, mom's spaghetti." That song was "Lose Yourself." For 10 points, what rapper from Detroit recorded the songs "Without Me," "Not Afraid," and, with Rihanna, "Love the Way You Lie"?

Eminem [or Marshall Bruce Mathers III]

Trash

q2503_1

This politician objected to the Mexican War by giving his Spot Resolutions.

Abraham Lincoln

History

q442_2

It was the subject of a Scientific American special report dealing with Modified Newtonian Dynamics by Mordechai Milgrom (“MOR-de-kye MILL-grum”). This substance was first proposed in 1934 by Fritz Zwicky (“ZWICK-ee”) to make up for "missing mass" in the universe.

{dark matter} [accept {dark} matter after “{matter}” is read]

Science

q1455_2

After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the "kanga"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the "kara" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's. Arjun (AR-joon) Dev compiled this religion's holy text, the Adi Granth, which contains many of the sayings of the first leader, or guru, of this religion.

Sikhism

Religion

q2394_3

The Dewar equation defines this quantity for density-dependent variables. Species that exhibit exponential population growth appear to lack this value, and in logistic population growth, the per capita rate of increase approaches zero near this value. For 10 points, name this ecological term, often denoted k, which is the maximum population that can be sustained by an ecosystem.

carrying {capacity} [prompt on {k} before mentioned]

Science

q692_3

Creations of this type include Roland Barthes's (BART'S) "Death of the Author." Supporting details and examples are found in body paragraphs in this type of writing, genres of which include process, descriptive, argumentative, and compare-and-contrast. A five-paragraph type of these is frequently assigned in high schools.

{essays} [prompt on {papers;} prompt on {prose;} prompt on {non}-{fiction;} do not accept or prompt on "article"; do not accept or prompt on "report"]

Literature

q1153_3

This musician dedicated his Symphony No. 4 in F Minor to his financial supporter Nadezhda (nah- DEZH-dah) von Meck, though they never met. His Sixth Symphony, nicknamed Pathetique (pah-theh- TEEK), premiered nine days before his death. In one of his ballets, the sorcerer Von Rothbart curses Odette; another includes the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy".

Pytor Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}

Fine Arts

q2775_3

Policies during this war included the "strategic hamlet" program and the use of Agent Orange as a defoliant. The Battle of Khe Sanh (“KAY SAWN”) was fought during this war, which ended with the fall of Saigon, a city that was renamed after the victorious side's leader, Ho Chi Minh (“HO CHEE MIN”). For 10 points, a memorial wall in Washington, DC lists the American casualties of what conflict in Southeast Asia?

{Vietnam} War

History

q1011_2

The four quarters of this person's residence were each dedicated to a different god. This ruler's forces were nearly done in by enemy chariots when crossing the Orontes at the Battle of Kadesh.

{Ramses II} [accept {Ramses the Great} or {Rameses II,} prompt on Ramses; prompt on Ozymandias before mentioned]

History

q1492_4

One leader of this country forcibly annexed the Sudetenland (“soo-DAY-ten-land”). During a movement to reunite this country, the leader of one half operated under the policy of ostpolitik (“OST-pol- it-ick”). Following World War I, the Weimar (“VIE-mar”) Republic was established in this nation. It was united after an 1871 war and led by Kaiser Wilhelm I and chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

Federal Republic of {Germany} [or {Bundesrepublik Deutschland}]

History

q301_4

The plan for this city was designed by the French architect Pierre L'Enfant. The Anacostia River flows across the eastern side of this city, whose Orange and Blue metro lines pass through Foggy Bottom. This city is encircled by a "Beltway" that crosses Montgomery County, Maryland and then enters Virginia. For 10 points, the Lincoln Memorial is found in what national capital on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia?

{Washington, DC} [prompt on District of Columbia before read]

Geography

q1094_1

Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit.

{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]

Science

q3389_2

This movie character wants to live with Bonnie instead of going to college. In an earlier story, Sid Phillips plans to barbecue him, but is scared away.

Woody

Trash

q1440_3

Two of these entities are responsible for the Great Rift Valley located in East Africa. Subduction zones are found along them. Several of them are responsible for the area of volcanic activity known as the Ring of Fire, though movement along them more famously causes earthquakes.

{fault}

Science

q2027_3

The Antennae and The Mice are interacting examples of these objects, and Seyfert's Sextet are a group of them. Tidal tails form in these objects, when one or more of them merge. Edwin Hubble classified these on a "tuning fork diagram", which includes the elliptical and (*) spiral types.

{galaxy}

Science

q6207_4

At the suggestion of a Serbian merchant, this artist began his career making toys. His works include the giant Flamingo in Chicago. As his popularity grew, he started to construct both wire sculpture and kinetic art as seen in Form Against Yellow and Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. For 10 points, name this American sculptor known for inventing the mobile sculpture.

Alexander {Calder}

Fine Arts

q2332_2

This woman allied with Walter White to push the failed Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill, but the President refused to publicly endorse it. She and Wendell Wilkie were the first honorary chairpersons of Freedom House.

(Anna) Eleanor Roosevelt [prompt on \"Roosevelt\"]

History

q1778_4

One justification of this act is Paul's visit to Ephesus in the Acts of the Apostles. This act involves asking the Holy Ghost to "send forth upon them thy sevenfold Spirit the Holy Paraclete (PAIR-uh- CLEET)." This act is the imposition of hands and anointing with oil by a bishop. For 10 points, identify this sacrament grouped in the Catholic Church with Baptism and Eucharist.

{Confirmation} [accept word forms such as {Confirming}]

Religion

q696_2

In one work, this man depicted five nude prostitutes, two of them in African masks. In another work, a light bulb shines in the shape of an eye and on the right a figure raises his arms in terror with fire above and below.

Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y) {Picasso}

Fine Arts

q845_3

This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B." Another of his poems asks if "a dream deferred" "dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun." He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers."

James {Langston Hughes}

Literature

q148_2

In one novel written in this language, Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville solve a murder mystery at a monastery. That work, The Name of the Rose, was published in this language eight years before the same author's Foucault's Pendulum.

Italian [accept Italiano or Lingua italiana]

Literature

q12758_1

At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant.

{Las Meninas} [accept The {Maids} of {Honor}]

Fine Arts

q1219_2

This man's essays include one about a policeman in Burma "Shooting an Elephant." He wrote a novel in which O'Brien sends Winston Smith to Room 101 in the dystopian state of Oceania.

George Orwell [or Eric Arthur Blair]

Literature

q898_2

One variant of this organelle (“OR-guh-NELL”) is found in muscle cells and stores calcium. Like the Golgi body, it is composed of flattened sacks called cisternae (“SIS-ter-nay”).

{endoplasmic reticulum} [or {ER} ; accept {sarcoplasmic reticulum} or {SR}]

Science

q2365_1

In one novel by this author, Robert Cohn and Jake Barnes both pursue Lady Brett Ashley as they travel through Spain.

Ernest Hemingway

Literature

q1801_4

A dog barks at a drummer in the lower left of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt. The other is in black with a white collar a red sash across his chest. After restoration, it was revealed that this painting did not actually depict an evening scene.

The {Nightwatch} [or De {Nachtwacht} ; or The {Shooting Company} of Captain Franz Banning

Fine Arts

q2375_1

This European nation established a trading post at Macau (mah-COW) in 1557 as part of its development of trade relations with China.

Portugal

History

q1227_3

A "pillow" form of this substance forms underwater. "Domes" of this substance form from andesite. This substance can be classified, depending on the smoothness of its surface, as a'a (AH-AH) or pahoehoe (pah-HOY-HOY).

lava

Science

q1922_3

This man was the first to institute retirement and disability benefits. This man instituted the May Laws as part of his anti-Catholic program, kulturkampf (KOOL-toor-kahmf). He manipulated the Schleswig- Holstein (SHLESS-vig HOLE-styne) question into war with Austria and doctored the Ems Telegram to instigate an 1870 war with France.

Otto von Bismarck

History

q855_2

This writer symbolized the warbling of a thrush in a swamp and the western fallen star in a poem entitled “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.” This author of “Song of Myself” also described a figure “fallen cold and dead” just after “our fearful trip is done” in a poem on Abraham Lincoln's death.

Walter {Whitman}

Literature

q3209_2

A financial arm of this organization was founded at the Bretton Woods conference, and a conference that oversaw its creation was held in San Francisco. Its former leaders include Dag Hammarskjold (“DOG HAHM-ahr-SKEEOLD”) and Kurt Waldheim (“VALD-hime”).

{United Nations} [or {UN}]

History

q1735_3

In one scene in this novel, a Sheep talks of "crabs" and "feathers" while rowing. This novel begins with the protagonist blaming the black kitten, the offspring of Dinah, for the whole thing. In this novel, the protagonist plays a massively scaled chess game with the Red Queen.

{Through the Looking}-{Glass} [do not accept or prompt on "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" or "Alice in Wonderland"]

Literature

q1170_3

One chytrid (KYE-trid) member of this group has been blamed for the worldwide decline in frog populations, and the Salem witch trials have been blamed on another species that infests rye with ergot. Lichens consist of algae and a member of this kingdom, whose species reproduce through spores and have hyphae bodies with chitin cell walls. For 10 points, name this kingdom of important decomposers like molds, yeasts, and mushrooms.

Fungi [or fungus]

Science

q3032_2

This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello..

Thomas Jefferson

History

q5031_4

RAID arrays are combinations of these objects that often connect via IDE or Serial ATA. They are sometimes replaced by SSDs and can be structured using NTFS or FAT. These objects contain spinning platters that use magnetism to (*) store data, so the data is retained even when they are powered off. For 10 points, name these devices with capacities often in the terabytes, used to store computer data.

{hard} disk {drives} [prompt on ({hard}) {\"disk}(s)\"]

Science

q2096_4

This work opens with stories of a pilot who misread his directions and a friend who was distracted by a salmon hatchery. This book's protagonist runs off with his baby brother Gabe to avoid punishment by "Release." The title character is able to turn off the speaker, see colors, and transfer memories from the past world. For 10 points, what novel about a "Receiver of Memories" named Jonas was written by Lois Lowry?

The Giver

Literature

q787_3

Some of this company's products use the SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine and the Gecko rendering engine. This free software company grew out of Netscape and produces an email client called Thunderbird. Its most popular product, currently on version 19, has a mobile version called Fennec and is a web (*) browser that was recently passed in market share by Google Chrome.

Mozilla

Trash

q354_4

One famous work for this instrument is Caprice No. 24 by Paganini (pag-uh-NEE-nee). In Berlioz's (BER-lee-ohz) Symphonie Fantastique (fan-tas-TEEK), a head bouncing from a guillotine is depicted by this instrument playing pizzicato (PITZ-ee-KAH-toe). The concertmaster of an orchestra is the first chair of this instrument, several of which were crafted by Stradivarius. For 10 points, name this string instrument higher in pitch than a viola.

violin

Fine Arts

q6926_1

This world leader ordered that people who hide cell phones should be shot, and in February 2013 it was discovered that he uses a Taiwanese HTC phone.

{Kim Jong}-{un} [prompt on partial answer]

Social Science

q12393_1

The “straw” form of this practice is unscientific and the “push” form of this is really just a campaign tactic designed to attack an opponent in disguise.

{polls} [or {polling}]

Social Science

q3482_3

Two stars in this asterism, Mizar (“MEE-zar”) and Alcor (“AL-core”), have been called the Horse and Rider. Though the North Star is not in this asterism, one can find it by tracing a line from Merak (“MARE-ack”) and Dubhe (“DUB-he”), which make up one side of this asterism's title feature. For 10 points, name this group of about seven stars found in Ursa Major, which also comes in a "little" version.

The {Big Dipper} [or {Plough} or {Drinking Gourd}]

Science

q696_3

In one work, this man depicted five nude prostitutes, two of them in African masks. In another work, a light bulb shines in the shape of an eye and on the right a figure raises his arms in terror with fire above and below. This artist of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (lay DAY-mwah-ZELL dha-veen-YOH) painted The Old Guitarist during his Blue Period.

Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y) {Picasso}

Fine Arts

q874_2

This artwork was painted over a previous decoration of gold stars on a blue sky. Sibyls and Prophets surround its nine central panels, which depict scenes from the Book of Genesis.

{ceiling} of the {Sistine Chapel} [prompt on {Sistine Chapel}]

Fine Arts

q3696_2

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth.

Gilgamesh

Mythology

q4010_2

In 1994 this band released their debut album, the Blue Album. One music video by them shows groups of people breaking Guinness World Records including Largest Game of Dodgeball and Largest Air Guitar Ensemble.

Weezer

Trash

q1508_4

This party was founded by several ex-Whigs. Past leaders of this party include Newt Gingrich, the creator of the Contract with America, and Teddy Roosevelt. One member of this party made a campaign pledge of "no new taxes," and Libertarians traditionally run under this major party's banner. It is currently chaired by Michael Steele.

{Republican} Party [accept {GOP} or {Grand Old Party} before mentioned]

History

q1590_5

Two characters in this book later appear as the main characters of Many Waters. Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs.Which start this journey in this book. Some characters in this novel can kythe (“KITHE”), while others can tesseract.

A Wrinkle in Time

Literature

q278_1

This mountain range was created by the subduction of the Nazca Plate.

{Andes} Mountains

Geography

q113_2

Artists primarily known for work in this movement include Max Ernst and Yves Tanguy. One work of this movement, The Treachery of Images, depicts a pipe and the French words for "this is not a pipe."

surrealism

Fine Arts

q1126_1

Blaise Pascal names a theorem about these shapes inscribed in conic sections.

hexagons

Science

q919_3

One character on this show was a model who dated a girl named Marta before taking a job as a doorman. Another character on this show spent 3 days in law school and repeatedly sets things on fire. One of the main character's friends is a tech (*) wizard with an overbearing mother, while the other is a meat-addicted delinquent who co-hosts the title show.

iCarly

Trash

q4945_4

Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. This organelle divides in two during mitosis because DNA is found here.

nucleus

Science

q104_4

In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style. This painting's models were the painter's dentist and his sister, Nan. For 10 points, name this regionalist Grant Wood work that depicts a woman and her pitchfork-holding father.

American Gothic

Fine Arts

q3232_3

Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods. An unusually high concentration of dinoflagellates (DYE-no-FLADGE-ell-ates) can cause the "red" type.

tides

Science

q4132_2

The French equivalent to costing "an arm and a leg" is the cost of these body parts. In Latin, this word translates as "oculus," while the Greek translation, "ophthalmos," gives the terms "ophthalmologist" and "optometrist" for doctors of these body parts.

eyes

Science

q1519_2

This planet and Earth are the only ones whose atmospheres are mostly nitrogen. Pictures of it were taken during a search for the hypothetical Planet O. Perceval Lowell predicted the presence of this planet discovered by Clyde Tombaugh (“TOM-baw”).

{Pluto}

Science

q2402_3

The fundamental units in these body parts work according to the sliding-filament hypothesis and are called sarcomeres. The type that surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach is the smooth type, and the other two types are cardiac and skeletal. One of them, the diaphragm, ultimately fails in a namesake kind of "dystrophy."

muscles

Science

q104_2

In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style.

American Gothic

Fine Arts

q1366_2

A December 2012 agreement between this country's National Action, Democratic Revolution, and Institutional Revolutionary Parties led to constitutional amendments in 2013. The last of those parties is headed by (*) Enrique Peña Nieto [en-REE-kay PAY-nya nee-AY-toe], who replaced Felipe [fay-LEE-pay] Calderon as president.

Los Estados Unidos de {México} [or {United Mexican States}]

Trash

q3260_4

This shape names a law for adding vectors. In a namesake illusion, diagonals of two of these figures appear to be different lengths, though they are not. Though not necessarily the same length, the diagonals of this quadrilateral bisect each other. If all four sides of this type of figure are of equal length, the figure is a rhombus.

{parallelogram} [do not accept or prompt on more specific answers such as "rhombus," "square," or "rectangle;" do not accept or prompt on less specific answers such as "quadrilateral"]

Science

q2641_2

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia.

{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]

Science

q4861_2

Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death.

Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]

Mythology

q2223_1

Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle.

{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]

Fine Arts

q380_1

This "autonomous region" southwest of Qinghai (CHING-high) province is bounded on the north by the Kunlun (KOON-LOON) mountains.

Tibet

Geography

q2151_1

He compared himself to Robert Downey Jr. on a Colbert (“cole-BEAR”) Report appearance in which he defended himself from rumors of a lifestyle change.

{Cookie Monster}

Trash

q999_1

J.M.W. Turner painted one of these things before it was to be "broken up" in his The Fighting Temeraire.

{boats} or {ships} [accept {warships;} accept {sea vessels} before it is mentioned]

Fine Arts

q805_4

This element combines with nitrogen to form cyanides, and it combines with iron to make steel. Sixty atoms of this make a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (BUCK-min-ster-FULL-er-een), and another allotrope, mistakenly referred to as lead and used in pencils, is graphite. It exists in all organic molecules. A molecule made of this element and two oxygen atoms is used by plants in photosynthesis.

carbon [accept C until mentioned]

Science

q1843_3

This term describes a "zone" below the water table in which groundwater is found. This term describes compounds that contain only single bonds. It also describes solutions that have the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute.

{saturated} [or word forms, such as {saturation}]

Science

q2294_3

While president of the Estates-General (es-TAHTS zhay-nay-RAHL), this man presented the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen to Louis XVI. He refused to become dictator after the 1830 July Revolution. Earlier, he had helped to secure French aid to the American Revolution.

Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de {Lafayette}

History

q80_3

One piece of evidence that supports its existence is that the Caledonian mountains of Northern Europe are a continuation of the Appalachian Mountains. This entity broke up into Laurasia and Gondwanaland (“gon-DWON-uh-land”). Alfred Wegener (“VAY-guh-nuhr”) coined its name during a lecture in which he discussed his theory of continental drift.

Pangaea

Science

q3535_1

This man created a wedding guest who is accosted by a man lamenting, "Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink" in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Literature

q347_3

It reportedly began with the false accusations of a wigmaker's apprentice, which supposedly led a crowd to throw snowballs. The first person to die in this incident was Crispus Attucks, and in total five people died out of the three hundred estimated to be in the crowd surrounding Captain Thomas Preston's British troops. For 10 points, identify this 1770 incident named for the New England city where it occurred.

{Boston Massacre} [accept reasonable equivalents]

History

q2045_4

Factors of 1 plus this value all to the nth power appear in both the numerator and denominator of the amortization formula. Dividing a final value by the nth power of one plus this quantity yields present value. Factors of one plus this quantity to the nth power and one plus n times this quantity, when multiplied by a (*) principal value, represent its compound and simple types. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the cost of borrowing money.

{interest} rate [accept {simple interest} rate or {compound interest} rate]

Science