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Brabantio and Grantiano are characters in which Shakespearean play? | No Fear Shakespeare: Othello: Characters
No Fear Shakespeare
Act 1, Scene 1
Othello
The play’s protagonist and hero. Othello is the highly respected general of the armies of Venice, although he is not a native of Venice but rather a Moor, or North African. He is an eloquent and powerful figure, respected by all those around him. In spite of his elevated status, Othello is nevertheless easy prey to insecurities because of his age, his life as a soldier, and his self-consciousness about being a racial and cultural outsider. He possesses a free and open nature that his ensign Iago exploits to twist Othello’s love for his wife, Desdemona, into a powerful and destructive jealousy.
Desdemona
The daughter of the Venetian senator Brabantio. Desdemona and Othello are secretly married before the play begins. While in some ways stereotypically pure and meek, Desdemona is also determined and self-possessed. She is equally capable of defending her marriage, jesting bawdily with Iago, and responding with dignity to Othello’s incomprehensible jealousy.
Iago
Othello’s ensign (a senior position also known as “ancient” or “standard-bearer”), a twenty-eight-year-old military veteran from Venice. Iago is the villain of the play. Although he is obsessive, relentless, bold, and ingenius in his efforts to manipulate and deceive the other characters—particularly Othello—Iago’s motivations are notoriously murky. At various points in the play, he claims to be motivated by different things: resentment that Othello passed him over for a promotion in favor of Michael Cassio; jealousy because he heard a rumor that Othello slept with Iago’s wife, Emilia; suspicion that Cassio slept with Emilia too. Iago gives the impression that he’s tossing out plausible motivations as he thinks of them, and that we’ll never understand what really drives his villainy. He hates women and is obsessed with other people’s sex lives.
Michael Cassio
Othello’s lieutenant, or second-in-command. Cassio is highly educated but young and inexperienced in battle. Iago resents Cassio’s high position and dismisses him as a bookkeeper. Truly devoted to Othello, Cassio is ashamed after being implicated in a drunken brawl on Cyprus and losing his place as lieutenant. Iago uses Cassio’s youth, good looks, and flirtatious manner with women to play on Othello’s insecurities about Desdemona’s fidelity.
Emilia
Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s attendant. A cynical, worldly woman, Emilia is deeply attached to her mistress and distrustful of her husband.
Roderigo
A jealous suitor of Desdemona. Young, rich, and foolish, Roderigo is convinced that if he gives Iago all of his money, Iago will help him win Desdemona’s hand. Repeatedly frustrated as Othello marries Desdemona and then takes her to Cyprus, Roderigo is ultimately desperate enough to agree to help Iago kill Cassio after Iago points out that Cassio is another potential rival for Desdemona.
Bianca
A courtesan, or prostitute, in Cyprus. Bianca’s favorite customer is Cassio, who teases her with promises of marriage but laughs at her behind her back.
Brabantio
Desdemona’s father, a somewhat blustering and self-important Venetian senator. As a friend of Othello, Brabantio feels betrayed when the general marries his daughter in secret.
Duke of Venice
The official authority in Venice, the duke has great respect for Othello as a public and military servant. His primary role within the play is to make Othello tell his story of how he wooed Desdemona, and then to send Othello to Cyprus.
Montano
The governor of Cyprus before Othello. We see Montano first in Act Two, as he recounts the status of the war and awaits the Venetian ships.
Lodovico
One of Brabantio’s kinsmen, Lodovico acts as a messenger from Venice to Cyprus. He arrives in Cyprus in Act Four with letters announcing that Cassio is to replace Othello as governor.
Graziano
Brabantio’s kinsman who accompanies Lodovico to Cyprus. Amidst the chaos of the play’s final scene, Graziano mentions that Desdemona’s father has died.
Clown
Othello’s servant. Although the clown appears only in two short scenes, his jokes reflect and distort the action and words of the main plots: his puns on the word “lie” in Act Three, scene 4, for example, anticipate Othello’s confusion of two meanings of that word in Act Four, scene 1.
| Othello |
What is Bangladesh's official unit of currency? | Othello Characters - eNotes.com
Othello Characters
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Othello
Othello (oh-THEHL-oh), a Moorish general in the service of Venice. A romantic and heroic warrior with a frank and honest nature, he has a weakness that makes him vulnerable to Iago’s diabolic temptation. He becomes furiously jealous of his innocent wife and his loyal lieutenant. His character decays, and he connives with Iago to have his lieutenant murdered. Finally, he decides to execute his wife with his own hands. After killing her, he learns of her innocence, and he judges and executes himself.
Iago
Iago (ee-AH-goh), Othello’s ancient (ensign), a satirical malcontent who is envious of the appointment of Michael Cassio to the position of Othello’s lieutenant. He at least pretends to suspect his wife Emilia of having an illicit affair with the Moor. A demi-devil, as Othello calls him, he destroys Othello, Desdemona, Roderigo, his own wife, and himself. He is William Shakespeare’s most consummate villain, perhaps sketched in several of Shakespeare’s other characters: Aaron the Moor in Titus Andronicus, Richard of Gloucester in Henry VI and Richard III, and Don John in Much Ado About Nothing. He is echoed in Edmund in King Lear and Iachimo in Cymbeline. He contains strong elements of the Devil and the Vice in the medieval morality plays.
Desdemona
Desdemona (dehz-dee-MOH-nuh), the daughter of Brabantio and wife of Othello. An innocent, idealistic, and romantic girl, she gives her love completely to her warrior husband. In her fear and shock at his violent behavior, she lies to him about her lost handkerchief, thus convincing him of her guilt. Even when she is dying, she tries to protect him from her kinsmen. Other characters can be judged by their attitude toward her.
Emilia
Emilia (ee-MIHL-ee-uh), Iago’s plainspoken wife. Intensely loyal to her mistress, Desdemona, she is certain that some malicious villain has belied her to the Moor. She does not suspect that her husband is that villain until too late to save her mistress. She is unwittingly the cause of Desdemona’s death; when she finds the lost handkerchief and gives it to Iago, he uses it to inflame the Moor’s insane jealousy. Emilia grows in stature throughout the play and reaches tragic dignity when she refuses to remain silent about Iago’s villainy, even though her speaking the truth costs her her life. Her dying words, clearing Desdemona of infidelity, drive Othello to his self-inflicted death.
Michael Cassio
Michael Cassio (KAS-ee-oh), Othello’s lieutenant. Devoted to his commander and Desdemona, he is impervious to Iago’s temptations where either is concerned. He is, however, given to loose living, and his behavior when discussing Bianca with Iago fires Othello’s suspicions, after Iago has made Othello believe they are discussing Desdemona. Cassio’s drinking on duty and becoming involved in a brawl lead to his replacement by Iago. He escapes the plot of Iago and Othello to murder him, and he succeeds Othello as governor of Cyprus.
Brabantio
Brabantio (brah-BAN-shee-oh), a Venetian senator. Infuriated by his daughter’s elopement with the Moor, he appeals to the senate to recover her. Losing his appeal, he publicly casts her off and warns Othello that a daughter who deceives her father may well be a wife who deceives her husband. This warning plants a small seed of uncertainty in Othello’s heart, which Iago waters diligently. Brabantio dies brokenhearted at losing Desdemona and does not learn of her horrible death.
Roderigo
Roderigo (rod-eh-REE-goh), a young Venetian suitor of Desdemona. The gullible victim of Iago, who promises Desdemona to him, he aids in bringing about the catastrophe and earns a well-deserved violent death, ironically inflicted by Iago. The degradation of Roderigo is in striking contrast to the growth of Cassio. Iago, who makes use of Roderigo, has profound contempt for him.
Bianca
Bianca (bee-AN-kuh), a courtesan in Cyprus. Cassio gives her Desdemona’s handkerchief, which Iago has planted in his chambers. She thus serves doubly in rousing Othello’s fury.
Montano
Montano (mohn-TAH-noh), a former governor of Cyprus. He and Cassio quarrel while drinking (by Iago’s machinations), and Montano is seriously wounded. This event causes Cassio’s removal. Montano recovers and aids in apprehending Iago when his villainy is revealed.
Gratiano
Gratiano (gray-shee-AH-noh), Brabantio’s brother. He and Lodovico go to Cyprus from Venice and aid in restoring order and destroying Iago.
Lodovico
Lodovico (loh-doh-VEE-koh), a kinsman of Brabantio. As the man of most authority from Venice, he ends the play after appointing Cassio governor of Cyprus to succeed the self-killed Othello.
The clown
The clown, a servant of Othello. Among Shakespeare’s clowns, he has perhaps the weakest and briefest role.
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Which African country gained its independence from Britain on the 30th September 1966? | Bibliography
Independence achieved 1 August 1960. Former name: Dahomey (renamed 30 November 1975).
Botswana (Republic of Botswana)
Independence achieved 30 September 1966. Former name: British Protectorate of Bechuanaland (name changed with independence in 1966).
Burkina Faso (Republic of Burkina Faso)
Independence achieved 5 August 1960. Former name: Republic of Upper Volta (renamed in 1984).
Burundi (Republic of Burundi)
Independence achieved 1 July 1962. Former name: Urundi (part of Ruaunda-Urundi, renamed with independence in 1962).
Cameroon (Republic of Cameroon)
Independence achieved 1 January 1960 for East Cameroon (former French colony). Formed the Federal Republic (1 October 1961) when Southern (west) Cameroon (former British colony) voted in a U.N. supervised election (11 February 1961) to be attached to the former French Cameroon. Officially became United Republic of Cameroon on 2 June 1972, and renamed Republic of Cameroon in 1984.
Central African Republic
Independence achieved 13 August 1960. Former name: Oubangui-Chari (renamed 1 December 1958).
Chad (Republic of Chad)
Independence achieved 11 August 1960.
Congo (People's Republic of the Congo)
Independence achieved 15 August 1960. Former names: Middle Congo (part of French Equatorial Africa), Congo-Brazzaville.
Côte d'Ivoire (Republic of Côte d'Ivoire)
Independence achieved 7 August 1960. Formerly refered to by the equivalent translation of the name into different languages, such as "Ivory Coast" in English. In 1986, the government declared that all countries should use the French name "Côte d'Ivoire".
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Independence achieved June 1960. 17 May 1997 the former regime (Zaire) of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngendu Banga was toppled and the present Democratic Republic of the Congo was established in its place. Former names: Congo Free State 1855-1908, Belgian Congo, 1908-1960, Democratic Republic of the Congo or Congo-Leopoldville, 1960-1966, Congo-Kinshasa 1966-1971, Zaire 1971-1997.
Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti)
Independence achieved 27 June 1997. Former names: French Somaliland until 1967, French territory of the Afars and Issas until independence.
Egypt (Arab Republic of Egypt)
Egypt has been seat of civilization since ancient times, however recent history has seen conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, Napoleon Bonaparte's France in 1798, and finally by Britain in 1882. Modern independence was achieved on 28 February 1922 by British declaration.
Equatorial Guinea (Republic of Equatorial Guinea)
Independence achieved 12 October 1968. Former name: Spanish Guinea (renamed with independence).
Eritrea (State of Eritrea)
Independence achieved 24 May 1993.
Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)
Ethiopia has enjoyed independence from ancient times and has resisted attempts by other nations at colonization. Former name: Abyssinia.
Gabon (Republic of Gabon)
Independence achieved 17 August 1960.
The Gambia (Republic of the Gambia)
Independence achieved 18 February 1965.
Ghana (Republic of Ghana)
Independence achieved 6 March 1957. Former name: Gold Coast (renamed with independence).
Guinea (Republic of Guinea)
Independence achieved 2 October 1958.
Guinea-Bissau (Republic of Guinea-Bissau)
Independence achieved 24 September 1973. Former name Portuguese Guinea (renamed with independence).
Kenya (Republic of Kenya)
Independence achieved 12 December 1963.
Lesotho (Kingdom of Lesotho)
Independence achieved 4 October 1966. Former name: Basutoland.
Liberia (Republic of Liberia)
Independence achieved 26 July 1847. Liberia was established by Black American colonists sent by the American Colonisation Society in a controversial move to repatriate freed American slaves to Africa. After Ethiopia, it is the oldest of the modern independent African nations.
Libya (Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)
Independence achieved 24 December 1951.
Madagascar (Democratic Republic of Madagascar)
Independence achieved 26 June 1960.
Malawi (Republic of Malawi)
Independence achieved 6 July 1964. Former name: Nyasaland.
Mali (Republic of Mali)
Independence achieved 22 September 1960. Former name: Soudan.
Mauritania (Islamic Republic of Mauritania)
Independence achieved 28 November 1960.
Morocco (Kingdom of Morocco)
Independence achieved 2 March 1956.
Mozambique (Republic of Mozambique)
Independence achieved 25 June 1975. Former name: Portuguese East Africa.
Namibia (Republic of Namibia)
Independence achieved 21 March 1990. Former name South West Africa.
Niger (Republic of Niger)
Independence achieved 3 August 1960.
Nigeria (Federal Republic of Nigeria)
Independence achieved 1 October 1960.
Rwanda (Republic of Rwanda)
Independence achieved 1 July 1962. Former name Ruanda (part of Belgian administered territory of Ruanda-Urundi under League of Nations mandate 1919-1946, and U.N. Trusteeship 1946-1962).
Senegal (Republic of Senegal)
Independence achieved 20 August 1960.
Sierra Leone (Republic of Sierra Leone)
Independence achieved 27 April 1961.
Somalia (Somali Democratic Republic)
Independence achieved 1 July 1960.
South Africa (Republic of South Africa)
Independence achieved 11 December 1931. The dismantling of apartheid affectively began in 1991 with the proposal to repeal of Lands Acts of 1913 and 1936, and the Group Areas act of 1966 by then President F.W. De Klerk. By 27 April 1994 a Majority Rule Constitution was adopted, and on 10 May 1994 anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the President of South Africa bringing an end to apartheid in South Africa.
Sudan (Democratic Republic of the Sudan)
Independence achieved 1 January 1956.
Swaziland (Kingdom of Swaziland)
Independence achieved 6 September 1968.
Tanzania (United Republic of Tanzania)
Tanganyika achieved independence on 9 December 1961. Zanzibar Achieved independence on 10 December 1963. The United Republic was formed on 27 April 1964, and the name Tanzania was adopted on 29 October 1964.
Togo (Republic of Togo)
Independence achieved 27 April 1960. Former name Togoland.
Tunisia (Republic of Tunisia)
Independence achieved 20 March 1956.
Uganda (Republic of Uganda)
Independence achieved 9 October 1962.
Western Sahara (Saharwi Arab Democratic Republic)
When Spain withdrew from Western Sahara (then known as Spanish Sahara or Rio de Oro) in 1976 both Morocco and Mauritania moved to annex the territory. Mauritania withdrew in August 1979, and Western Sahara was absorbed by Morocco. However a political front called the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro (POLISARIO) continued to struggle against foreign domination against Morocco and formed the Saharwi Arab Democratic Republic as a government in exile on 4 March 1976 which was recognized in 1984 by the Organisation for African Unity (OAU) leading Morocco to withdraw its membership from the OAU. In May 1991, Morocco and the Polisario Front ended fighting as a part of a U.N. sponsored peace settlement. The future of Saharwi is still to be decided as of this writing (9 September 1998).
Zambia (Republic of Zambia)
Independence achieved 24 October 1964. Former name: Northern Rhodesia.
Zimbabwe (Republic of Zimbabwe)
Independence achieved 18 April 1980. Former names: Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia.
Not Shown on the Map:
Cape Verde (Republic of Cape Verde)
Independence achieved 5July 1975.
Comoros Islands (Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros)
Independence achieved 6 July 1975 (formally recognized by France (colonial regime) 1 January 1976).
Mauritius (Republic of Mauritius)
Independence achieved 12 March 1968.
Reunion
Administered by the French Overseas Department since 19 March 1946. French colony since 1642.
São Tomé and Príncipe (Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe)
Independence achieved 12 July 1975.
Seychelles (Republic of Seychelles)
Independence achieved 29 June 1976.
Bibliography
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Which famous person died on the same day as Princess Diana? | Country independence dates
Home » countries » Country independence dates
Country independence dates
Afghanistan: 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)
Albania: 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)
Algeria: 5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa: none (territory of the US)
Andorra: 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of France and the Bishop of Urgell)
Angola: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda: 1 November 1981 (from UK)
Argentina: 9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia: 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Aruba: none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia: 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria: 1156 (from Bavaria)
Azerbaijan: 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Bahamas: 10 July 1973 (from UK)
Bahrain: 15 August 1971 (from UK)
Bangladesh: 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note – 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados: 30 November 1966 (from UK)
Belarus: 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Belgium: 21 July 1831 (from the Netherlands)
Belize: 21 September 1981 (from UK)
Benin: 1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan: 8 August 1949 (from India)
Bolivia: 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
Botswana: 30 September 1966 (from UK)
Brazil: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei: 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Bulgaria: 3 March 1878 (from Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso: 5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma: 4 January 1948 (from UK)
Burundi: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Cambodia: 9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon: 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Canada: 1 July 1867 (from UK)
Cape Verde: 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Cayman Islands: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic: 13 August 1960 (from France)
Chad: 11 August 1960 (from France)
Chile: 18 September 1810 (from Spain)
China: 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch’in Dynasty 221 BC; Qing or Ch’ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912; People’s Republic established 1 October 1949)
Christmas Island: none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: none (territory of Australia)
Colombia: 20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Comoros: 6 July 1975 (from France)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
Congo, Republic of the: 15 August 1960 (from France)
Cook Islands: none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)
Costa Rica: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Cote d’Ivoire: 7 August (1960) (from France)
Croatia: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Cuba: 20 May 1902 (from US)
Cyprus: 16 August 1960 (from UK); note – Turkish Cypriot area proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975
Czech Republic: 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Denmark: first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
Djibouti: 27 June 1977 (from France)
Dominica: 3 November 1978 (from UK)
Dominican Republic: 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
East Timor: 20 May 2002 (from Indonesia)
Ecuador: 24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Egypt: 28 February 1922 (from UK)
El Salvador: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea: 12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Eritrea: 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Estonia: 6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Ethiopia: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world – at least 2,000 years
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands: none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji: 10 October 1970 (from UK)
Finland: 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
France: 486 (unified by Clovis)
French Guiana: none (overseas department of France)
French Polynesia: none (overseas territory of France)
Gabon: 17 August 1960 (from France)
Gambia: 18 February 1965 (from UK)
Georgia: 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Germany: 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991
Ghana: 6 March 1957 (from UK)
Gibraltar : none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece: 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Greenland: none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979)
Grenada: 7 February 1974 (from UK)
Guadeloupe: none (overseas department of France)
Guam: none (territory of the US)
Guatemala: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Guernsey: none (British crown dependency)
Guinea: 2 October 1958 (from France)
Guinea-Bissau: 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Guyana: 26 May 1966 (from UK)
Haiti: 1 January 1804 (from France)
Honduras: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Hong Kong: none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary: 1001 (unification by King Stephen I)
Iceland: 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
India: 15 August 1947 (from UK)
Indonesia: 17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands)
Iran: 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Iraq: 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Ireland: 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Israel: 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Italy: 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870)
Jamaica: 6 August 1962 (from UK)
Japan: 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu)
Jersey: none (British crown dependency)
Jordan: 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Kashmir : administered by India, Pakistan and China
Kazakhstan: 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Kenya: 12 December 1963 (from UK)
Kiribati: 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Korea, North: 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Korea, South: 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Kosovo: 17 February 2008 (self-declared)
Kuwait: 19 June 1961 (from UK)
Kyrgyzstan: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Laos: 19 July 1949 (from France)
Latvia: 18 November 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Lebanon: 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Lesotho: 4 October 1966 (from UK)
Liberia: 26 July 1847
Libya: 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Liechtenstein: 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire
Lithuania: 11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania’s independence)
Luxembourg: 1839 (from the Netherlands)
Macua: none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia: 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Madagascar: 26 June 1960 (from France)
Malawi: 6 July 1964 (from UK)
Malaysia: 31 August 1957 (from UK)
Maldives: 26 July 1965 (from UK)
Mali: 22 September 1960 (from France)
Malta: 21 September 1964 (from UK)
Man, Isle of: none (British crown dependency)
Marshall Islands: 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Martinique: none (overseas department of France)
Mauritania: 28 November 1960 (from France)
Mauritius: 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Mayotte: none (territorial collectivity of France)
Mexico: 16 September 1810 (from Spain)
Micronesia, Federated States of: 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Moldova: 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Monaco: 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Mongolia: 11 July 1921 (from China)
Montenegro: June 2006
Montserrat: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco: 2 March 1956 (from France)
Mozambique: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Namibia: 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
Nauru: 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Nepal: 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)
Netherlands: 1579 (from Spain)
Netherlands Antilles: none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia: none (overseas territory of France)
New Zealand: 26 September 1907 (from UK)
Nicaragua: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Niger: 3 August 1958 (from France)
Nigeria: 1 October 1960 (from UK)
Niue: on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Norfolk Island: none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands: none (commonwealth in political union with the US)
Norway: 7 June 1905 Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved; 26 October 1905 Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union
Oman: 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Pakistan: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
Palau: 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Panama: 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)
Papua New Guinea: 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Paraguay: Declared 14 May 1811 (from Spain), celebrated annually 15 May
Peru: 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines: 4 July 1946 (from US)
Pitcairn Islands: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland: 11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)
Portugal: 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
Puerto Rico: none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Quatar: 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Reunion: none (overseas department of France)
Romania: 1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)
Russia: 24 August 1991 (when Soviet Union dissolved)
Rwanda: 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Saint Helena: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 19 September 1983 (from UK)
Saint Lucia: 22 February 1979 (from UK)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 27 October 1979 (from UK)
Samoa: 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
San Marino: 3 September 301
Sao Tome and Principe: 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Saudi Arabia: 23 September 1932 (Unification of the Kingdom)
Senegal: 4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Serbia: 5 June 2006 (after Montenegro declared independence from Yugoslavia)
Seychelles: 29 June 1976 (from UK)
Sierra Leone: 27 April 1961 (from UK)
Singapore: 9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
Slovakia: 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Slovenia: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Solomon Islands: 7 July 1978 (from UK)
Somalia: 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
South Africa: 31 May 1910 (from UK)
South Sudan: 9 July 2011 (from Sudan)
Spain: 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)
Sri Lanka: 4 February 1948 (from UK)
Sudan: 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Suriname: 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)
Svalbard: none (territory of Norway)
Swaziland: 6 September 1968 (from UK)
Sweden: 6 June 1523
Switzerland: 1 August 1291 (Founding of the Swiss Confederation)
Syria: 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Tajikistan: 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Tanzania: 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Thailand: 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized) 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)Togo
Tokelau: none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga: 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Trinidad and Tobago: 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Tunisia: 20 March 1956 (from France)
Turkey: 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Turkmenistan: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Turks and Caicos Islands: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu: 1 October 1978 (from UK)
Uganda: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
Ukraine: 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates: 2 December 1971 (from UK)
United Kingdom: England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales was enacted under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284; in the Act of Union of 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanent union as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927
United States: 4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)
Uruguay: 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Uzbekistan: 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Vanuatu: 30 July 1980 (from France and UK)
Venezuela: 5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Vietnam: 2 September 1945 (from France)
Wallis and Futuna: none (overseas territory of France)
Yemen: 22 May 1990, Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]; previously North Yemen had become independent on NA November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
Zambia: 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Zimbabwe: 18 April 1980 (from UK)
| i don't know |
Which Shakespeare play has the characters Deiphobus and Alexander? | Characters: Troilus and Cressida — Utah Shakespeare Festival
Characters: Troilus and Cressida
The Trojans
Priam: King of Troy, Priam is the father of fifty children, six of whom appear in this play. He like most of the warriors around him chooses to continue the war rather than have dissension within his royal family.
Hector: Son of King Priam and brother of Troilus, Paris, Deiphobus, Helenus, and Cassandra, Hector is the most valiant warrior among the Trojans. Dedicated to the war and his family, it is Hector, however, who first raises the idea of calling a truce, even though he quickly abandons the idea for honor's sake.
Troilus: The youngest son of King Priam and brother of Hector, Paris, Deiphobus, Helenus, and Cassandra, Troilus is a young sensualist who is beside himself in his infatuation for Cressida. He is a slave to an almost juvenile passion, and, although at times he recognizes his faults, he is never strong enough to act upon them—sacrificing manliness and ignoring filial and public duty to an unworthy liaison with an unworthy woman. It is Troilus who, using the ideal of honor, talks Hector into continuing the war.
Paris: The son of King Priam and brother of Hector, Troilus, Deiphobus, Helenus, and Cassandra, Paris caused the war when he seduced and abducted Helen, the wife of the Greek leader, Menelaus. He is so obsessed with her beauty and charms that he refuses to end the war, even after years of slaughter.
Deiphobus: The son of King Priam and brother of Hector, Troilus, Paris, Helenus, and Cassandra, Deiphobus, although a noble son and warrior, appears only briefly in several scenes of this play.
Helenus: The son of King Priam and brother of Hector, Troilus, Paris, Deiphobus, and Cassandra, Helenus is a priest who appears only briefly in the play.
Margarelon: A bastard son of King Priam, Margarelon exposes the cowardice of Thersites.
Aeneas: A Trojan commander and friend of Troilus, Aeneas is described by Pandarus as "one of the flowers of Troy."
Antenor: Another Trojan commander, Antenor has a shrewd wit and sound judgement.
Calchas: A Trojan priest and father of Cressida, Calchas defected to the Greek side when the war began. He convinces the Greek leaders to trade a Trojan prisoner-of-war for his daughter, thus bringing Cressida to the Greek camp and separating her from Troilus.
Pandarus: Cressida's uncle, the prurient Pandarus is retired and now lives on the memories of a sensual life and helps others to enjoy their own illicit assignations. It is Pandarus who arranges the tryst of Troilus and Cressida. In the end he is bitter and diseased.
Alexander: A servant of Cressida.
Andromache: The wife of Hector, Andromache is stirred by frightening dreams and pleads with her husband to stay home from the battle, to no avail.
Cassandra: The daughter of King Priam and sister of Hector, Troilus, Paris, Deiphobus, and Helenus, Cassandra is a prophetess but is cursed with never being believed. Thus, when she prophesies that Troy will fall unless Helen is returned to the Greeks, her brothers and others simply scoff at her.
Cressida: Daughter of Calchus and neice of Pandarus, Cressida is precocious in the art of dalliance and expert at whetting the sexual appetites of her lovers, including the Trojan Troilus and later the Grecian Diomedes. She swears her eternal love to Troilus but abandons all vows as soon as she is taken to the Greek camp. She is a highly sexed, fickle woman who is in love actually only with herself.
The Greeks
Agamemnon: Commander-in-chief of the Grecian forces and brother of Menelaus, Agamemnon is a dignified, generous, and chivalric leader.
Menelaus: Brother of Agamemnon and wronged husband of the faithless Helen, Menelaus is the Spartan king but, nonetheless, the butt of many jokes about his cuckoldry.
Achilles: A Grecian commander and one of the most famous of Grecian warriors, Achilles in this play is proud, arrogant, cowardly, and lazy. While his fellow commanders and princes take to the field, he keeps to his tent, pampering himself. His cowardly attack upon the unarmed Hector reveals him to be a contemptible and hot-blooded character.
Ajax: A Grecian champion, but "a beef-witted lord," Ajax is a loutish warrior—vain, stupid, and surly. He exhibits great physical strength, but senseless vanity. Ulysses and others convince him that he is Achilles' superior and set him up in a one-on-one fight with Hector—all to try and make Achilles jealous and spring to action.
Ulysses: Identified by many as the real hero of the play (if there is one), Ulysses is a Grecian commander and the most wise and chivalric character in the play. It is Ulysses who diagnoses the problem in the Greek camp as insubordination (especially concerning Achilles), and it is he who recognizes Cressida for what she is.
Nestor: A Grecian commander, Nestor is one of the oldest, wisest, courageous, and loyal among the Greeks.
Diomedes: A Grecian commander, Diomedes is sent to conduct Cressida from the Trojan to the Greek camp. He is quickly smitten by her sensuality, takes her as his lover, and obtains the love token Troilus gave to her. He and Troilus later meet in battle, with neither coming out entirely victorious.
Patroclus: A Grecian commander, Patroclus is a close friend and favorite of Achilles and stays in his tent with him, rather than going to battle.
Thersites: A scurrilous and comic officer in the Greek camp who makes it his vocation to rail against the leaders and such warriors as Achilles and Ajax, Thersites is convinced that he alone is clear-sighted. He is the most vicious type of political malcontent—the cynic that can find no good in anyone. It is Thersites, however, who voices one of the most fundamental truths of the play when he insists that "all is war and lechery."
The Myrmidons: Ruthless subjects of Achilles, the Myrmidons brutally kill the unarmed Hector, at Achilles' command.
Helen: Appearing in only one scene, nonetheless Helen is the cause of the war. Supposedly seduced and abducted by Paris, she seems to live willingly with him. Although beautiful, she, like Cressida, has an almost absurd obsession with sex.
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| Troilus and Cressida |
The sucre was the official unit of currency of Ecuador until March 2000. What is now the official currency? | Troilus and Cressida Study Guide - Course Hero
Genres:
Synopsis
Troilus and Cressida is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602. It was also described by Frederick S. Boas as one of Shakespeare's problem plays. The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus and Cressida. Throughout the play, the tone lurches wildly between bawdy comedy and tragic gloom, and readers and theatre-goers have frequently found it difficult to understand how one is meant to respond to the characters. However, several characteristic elements of the play have often been viewed as distinctly "modern", as in the following remarks on the play by author and literary scholar Joyce Carol Oates: Troilus and Cressida, that most vexing and ambiguous of Shakespeare's plays, strikes the modern reader as a contemporary document—its investigation of numerous infidelities, its criticism of tragic pretensions, above all, its implicit debate between what is essential in human life and what is only existential are themes of the twentieth century. ... This is tragedy of a special sort—the "tragedy" the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy.
Quotes
"Things won are done, joy's soul lies in the doing."
"Time hath a wallet at his back, wherein he puts. Alms for oblivion, a great-sized monster of ingratitudes."
"'Tis mad idolatry To make the service greater than the god."
"O world, world! thus is the poor agent despised. O traitors and bawds, how earnestly are you set a-work, and how ill requited! Why should our endeavor be so loved, and the performance so loathed?"
Characters
Achilles, Helen of Troy, Aeneas, Agamemnon, Cassandra, Hector, Paris, Ajax, Priam, Menelaus, Patroclus, Andromache, Diomedes, Nestor, Cressida, Helenus, Calchas, Antenor, Troilus, Thersites, Deiphobus, Pandarus, Odysseus, Margareton, Alexander
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Company
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Which famous television and film star died on the same day as Michael Jackson? | It’s pretty devastating when a celebrity we admired dies, but what about when two die? On the same day? It has happened more often than you think. Here’s a list of celebrities who died on the same day.
Michael Jackson/Farah Fawcett
Life wasn’t sad enough when “Charlie’s Angels” star Farah Fawcett lost her battle to cancer the morning of June 25th, 2009 but by the afternoon we had also lost the King of Pop, Michael Jackson.
Sammy Davis Jr. and Jim Henson
image via dailypress.com
One part of The Rat Pack and the man who brought us the beloved Muppets were both lost on May 16, 1990.
Orville Wright and Mohandas Gandhi
Image via dailypress.com
The man who helped invent the airplane and the legend who helped promote nonviolent protest both passed away on January 30, 1948.
Lorne Greene and Peter Tosh
Though they lived worlds apart, the Canadian actor (Greene) and Jamaican singer (Tosh) both left us on Sept. 11, 1987.
Source
Milton Berle, Dudley Moore, and Billy Wilder
The famous funny man, star of the film Arthur, and famous filmmaker all passed away on March 27, 2002.
Source
Federico Fellini and River Phoenix
Fellini, considered one of the most influential filmmakers of the 20th century and Phoenix who was once called the vegan James Dean both lost their lives on October 31, 1993.
Source
Elia Kazan and Althea Gibson
Gibson became the first African-American woman to be a competitor on the world tennis tour and the first to win a Grand Slam title in 1956. Kazan was described by The New York Times as “one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history”. Both legends passed away on September 28, 2003.
Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman
Both were brilliant filmmakers and both left this earth on July 30, 2007.
Source
Orson Welles and Yul Brynner
Welles co-wrote, produced, directed, and starred Citizen Kane while Yul Brynner was best known for his portrayal as the king of Siam, in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I. Both men died on Oct. 10, 1985.
Source
Freddie Mercury and Klaus Kinski
The flamboyant lead singer of rock band Queen and the German actor who more than 130 films both died on November 23, 1991.
Source
Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper, and Ritchie Valens
February 3, 1959 is also dubbed The Day the Music Died when these three musical legends all perished in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa.
Source
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
Not only did both Founding Fathers die on the same date, it was also on Independence Day, July 4, 1826. James Monroe also died on July 4, though in 1831.
Source
C.S. Lewis, Aldous Huxley, and John F. Kennedy
The author who wrote The Chronicles of Narnia among many other novels (Lewis), the English writer who penned Brave New World (Huxley) and the 35th President of the United States both passed away on November 22, 1963.
Source
Sherman Hemsley and Chad Everett
Everett appeared in more than 40 films, best known for his role as Dr. Joe Gannon in 70s television drama “Medical Center”. Hemsley famously portrayed George Jefferson on “The Jeffersons” and Ernie Fryer on “Amen”. Both men died recently on July 24th.
Source
Diana Kraft and Kent Kraft
These two weren’t celebrities per say, but they were a married couple who not only died on the same day (February 9, 2008—Diana had been ill with Lou Gehrig’s disease for quite some time died first and husband Kent who had briefly been ill passed away later the same day), but were also born on the same day September 2, 1941 in different parts of South Dakota.
StyleBlazer Must-Reads:
the most interesting pair is the non-famous dead couple at #15. more crap from this site.
Anonymous
Ray Charles died on the same day as Ronald Reagan.
Mother Theresa died on the same day as Lady Diana.
Dave Henry
R.I.P. Farah. Rot in hell michael.
Say what
why MJ should rot in hell?
Dave Henry
I guess that people have forgotten that he was a child molester.
LoyalAndHonest
Funny how the character you chose for your Avi makes lewd remarks to underage characters on “Family Guy” geegadee geegadee… so I’m sure you picked a great representation of yourself. MJ never did anything to anyone’s children. This man could not walk a street without people recognizing him how stupid would it have been to bother someone’s child. NOT GUILTY WAS THE VERDICT SIR @SS-HOLE. If there was supporting evidence MJ would be in jail now.
Dave Henry
So I guess the untold million$ that he paid to the families of the children that he “didn’t” molest was just a gift.
He would have been better off in jail now, wouldn’t he?
LoyalAndHonest
Do your research Sir Jack@ss MJ was advised to settle that 1st lawsuit because he was in the prime of his career & he regretted taking that bad advice. Jordan Chandler admitted his father Evan made up the story & chose not to contact the police but actually seek a settlement instead. What man contacts an attorney 1st instead of calling a police when something like that supposedly happened. No man I know. Most fathers would have tried to take this situation into their own hands on the next visit or get police involved not look for a payday. The guilt ate this stupid mf’ker up that:
Evan Chandler, the boy’s father, was found dead on November 4, 2009 at
approximately 5: 35 p.m. According to reports, Evan Chandler died from
a self inflicted gun shot to the side of his head and the case is being
handled by authorities as a suicide.
Yea he took his own life 5 months after Michael was murdered. That B!tch knew he was wrong for destroying MJ’s reputation & could not take it.
In the 2nd case Gavin Arvizo admitted he lied underoath. GOOGLE IT! His family were known con-artist & thieves that used him having had cancer to get sympathy cash.
Lying @ss Wayne Robson testified underoath he was never molested or an attempt made but when Michael was no longer around to defend himself & Wayne was bankrupt all of the sudden he remembers being molested.
You reap what you sow & none of these people have had great things to happen lying on Michael.
Confirm $h!t before talking $h!t about someone you do not know. Not guilty was the fkin verdict @sshole. Everything I provided info on can be found if you Google it! NOW BEAT IT!
Dave Henry
| Farrah Fawcett |
Which virus is responsible for causing the spectacularly fatal haemorrhagic fever? | Top 10 Deaths That Were Overshadowed By Other People's Deaths - Toptenz.net
Toptenz.net
Posted by Jim Ciscell on
March 8, 2014
in Misc | 26,205 Views | 7 Responses
Some people honestly just cannot catch a break. For instance, For instance, on a normal March 30th, 1981, people would have been talking about Indiana University claiming a National Title in Men’s Basketball over the University of North Carolina Tar Heels. What were they talking about instead? Ronald Reagan getting shot by John Hinckley. Sorry Isiah Thomas, but you should be used to being overshadowed anyhow.
Unfortunately, some people don’t even get the whole day that they died to themselves. Here are some people whose final day was overshadowed because some else died on the same day, or had recently died and was still the bigger story.
10. Christopher “Latta” Collins (Died June 12th, 1994)
You may not remember the face of Christopher Charles Collins, also known as Chris Latta , but you would definitely remember his voice. Chris Latta, who got his start as a stand-up comedian, was the voice of such 1980’s cartoon cartoons as Starsceam and Cobra Commander. He was also the original voice of Mr. Burns , a voice Harry Shearer emulates to this day. On a slower news day, there might have been a few loving tributes on the news as word trickled out that Collins had died of a brain hemorrhage.
The More Famous Deaths:
You may happen to remember June 12th, 1994 as the day that Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were found dead . Brown was the ex-wife of football player turned actor and broadcaster O.J. Simpson. The ensuing “trial of the century” was a life and a circus all its own. Somewhere, Collins would probably refer to the other story upstaging him as a “Megatron” or “Serpentor.” At any rate, the Simpson murders relegated the story of Collins passing to the point where years later, people did not even know that he was dead.
9. Eddie Matthews (Died February 18th, 2001)
On February 18th, 2001, sports shows like Sportscenter should have been full of loving tributes to Eddie Matthews . Matthews was a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame, playing with the Braves through Boston , Milwaukee, and Atlanta. From an historical perspective, Matthews was the Braves manager when Hank Aaron broke Babe Ruth’s lifetime home run record. People should have been reminded one last time who Eddie Matthews was.
The More Famous Death:
That same day though, the entire world, sports and non, was rocked by the story that Dale Earnhardt Sr. had died in a fatal crash at the Daytona 500. The story would resonate for weeks. Even today, you can see people with the #3 sticker on their car. A movie about Earnhardt’s life and death was even made, titled with the iconic number. Eddie Matthews would have to settle for being fondly remembered by fans.
8. Dick Sargent (Died July 8th, 1994)
Richard Stanford Cox (who was known professionally as Dick Sargent ) is probably best known as the second Darin from Bewitched. Later in life, Sargent would come out having been a homosexual . In 1992, Sargent was Grand Marshall of a Gay Pride Parade. Notably, his co-Marshall for the event was fellow Bewitched actress Elizabeth Montgomery. Sargent’s death could have served as a springboard for a variety of discussions about not only the beloved television show, but also on gay rights.
The More Famous Death:
The death of North Korea’s “Eternal President” Kim Il Sung was not only the passing of a man, but a potentially destabilizing event on a nuclear level. Sung basically was North Korea. He was the leading force in its Communist regime, as well as the central figure during the Korean War. North Koreans still celebrate his birthday as “the day of the Sun.” More importantly, North Korea is volatile and unpredictable. The fear that Sung’s son would touch off a World War, or that there might be a chance for better relations with North Korea, dominated the news cycle as Sung passed away. This all made the death of an actor a secondary story in news cycles.
7. Roger Peterson (Died February 3, 1959)
It is one thing for your death to hardly be mentioned when someone more famous dies. It is quite another to be hardly mentioned in the story of your own death. However, that is exactly the fate of Roger Peterson . After the 21-year-old Peterson died in a plane crash, there was a small service at a local church. If Peterson is mentioned at all, it is that he was piloting on the day the music died.
The More Famous Deaths:
It was called the “Winter Dance Party” tour. The headliners were J.P. “Big Bopper” Richardson, Richie Valenz, and Buddy Holly. On February 3rd, 1959, the crash of a Beechcraft Bonanza in Iowa became known as The Day The Music Died . It is the event that Don McLean would sing about so passionately in “American Pie.” Music would never be the same. The crash was also the unofficial end of the 1950’s, about ten months before the calendar would say so. Even though he was the pilot , family and friends still struggle to honor the memory of Peterson in its wake.
6. Michael Chekhov (Died September 30th, 1955)
As an actor, Michael Chekhov was probably best known for his role in Alfred Hitchcock’s Spellbound, for which he was nominated for an Oscar (Best Supporting Actor.) As an acting instructor, Chekhov wrote a book called To The Actor, which is still cited as a developmental tool by actors such as Johnny Depp today. Chekhov would count among his students such luminaries as Marilyn Monroe, Lloyd Bridges, Anthony Quinn, Clint Eastwood, Elia Kazan, and Yul Brynner. But on September 30th 1955, Michael Chekhov’s death was not even a news story compared to another person who would become associated with method acting.
The More Famous Death:
When James Dean died in a car crash on September 30, 1955, the world stopped and nothing else happened for the rest of the year. Dean was only 24, and had primarily been a television actor. Dean was starting to break through in movies though, with moving performances in East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause. It was Rebel that catapulted Dean to icon status. He had just finished work on his final film, Giant. As a symbol of eternal youth, Dean would quickly become legend. And while even Dean himself would have probably admitted that Chekhov had the more influential career, it is his death, now Chekhov’s, that still resonates to this day.
5. C.S. Lewis (Died November 22, 1963)
Even fifty years after his death of renal failure on November 22nd, 1963, C.S. Lewis is not the lead story on the news when covering that day. Lewis was, of course, the author of the Chronicles of Narnia book series. Lewis’ work is particularly revered in the Christian community for its strong detail of Christian beliefs. Lewis was also incidentally the inspiration for the Tolkien character Treebeard in the Lord of the Rings trilogy. If Lewis had died on any other day, it would probably be all that day was remembered for. However, Lewis did not die on any other day.
The More Famous Death:
The assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas was an event which still resonates and is debated over, five decades later. People still argue who the killer was, and how many people on what level may have been involved. Scores of films have been made on the Kennedy Assassination, including Oliver Stone’s conspiracy theory JFK. Quite simply, it was history, and the first time television was transformed into a 24-hour news network.
4. Farrah Fawcett (Died June 25th, 2009)
Farrah Fawcett will always be primarily remembered for her role in the television show Charlie’s Angels and — let’s face it — a pretty rockin’ poster to put on your wall. Fawcett would also go on to star in some dramatic fare such as The Burning Bed, but the discussion would always manage to come back to her legacy of being one of the pre-eminent sex symbols of the 1970’s. In June 2009, Fawcett lost what had been a long struggle with anal cancer . Usually, this would have been the biggest death story of any day. The problem is that another death hit the world completely from the blind side that same day.
The More Famous Death:
It was the death that nearly shut down the Internet. On June 25th, 2009, what sounded like another weird rumor spread like wildfire through Facebook and Twitter. When it turned out to be true, the world was left with nothing but questions, and a loss as to how to answer them. Michael Jackson was dead after a collapse at his home. Jackson seemed, in many ways, like an eternal child. It was hard for some to imagine him as an adult at all, much less one who could die. The fact that he could and did was so huge, news programs that lead off with Fawcett’s death earlier in the day actually switched to the news of Jackson’s death later on.
3. Carl Switzer (Died January 21st, 1959)
Carl Switzer was best known as Alfalfa from the Our Gang series. As an adult, the former child actor had a side job training hunting dogs. After one of the dogs got lost in the woods, Switzer offered $50 for its return. When the dog was returned, Switzer paid the money in a combination of cash and drinks. Switzer then tried to collect the money for the dog’s return from the man whom Switzer had trained the dog for. A fight ensued between the two men, and Switzer was shot dead . In newspapers at the time, Switzer’s death was reduced to a mere footnote, even in the obituary sections. Hollywood can be a tough town like that.
The More Famous Death:
Cecil B. DeMille was one of the most influential directors of the twentieth century, having successfully made the transition to the sound era. As a matter of fact, De Mille directed versions of The Ten Commandments in both silent and sound eras. De Mille became synonymous with big productions, which frequently featured large scenes of chaos. De Mille was also famous for what came to be known as “sword and sandal” epics. Years later, whenever the subject of January 21st 1959 comes up, De Mille’s death inevitably gets mentioned first.
2. Groucho Marx (August 19th, 1977)
Groucho Marx was known not only for being the leader of the Marx Brothers comedy team, but also for the television show What’s My Line. Marx had complications after a hip surgery which led to increasingly failing health. On August 19th, 1977, the 86-year-old Marx drifted out of consciousness for the last time. Though he had essentially retired from public life in the late 1960’s, Marx should have been object of stories and adulation throughout the national media. This would have absolutely been the case, if not for the events of just a couple days earlier.
The More Famous Death:
On August 16th, the King of Rock and Roll, Elvis Presley, died suddenly at the age of 42. The day before Groucho Marx passed away was Elvis’s funeral, meaning Marx’s death was simply buried in the crush of coverage. This is a fact that is actually bemoaned in Rob Zombie’s movie House of a Thousand Corpses. In the years that followed, Presley’s death would result in questions, conspiracy theories, and tabloid speculation that Elvis was still alive. Elvis’ death became almost a bigger story than his life. There was just seemingly no room in the media for more than a few words on Marx.
1. John Adams (Died July 4th, 1826)
John Adams was the second President of the United States. He was the first President to reside in the executive mansion which would come to be known as the White House. However, even in his lifetime, this Founding Father saw his life and accomplishments being somewhat sandwiched between his predecessor and his successor. With the death falling on what would become Independence Day, Adams would have suffered a near-eternal stealing of his spotlight even without somebody else dying at the same time. But, since they did, Adams is now doubly neglected.
The More Famous Death:
When you read the words of a Founding Father, you are probably not going to scramble to the letters of John Adams. People can generally get the first and third President right, and then have to think for a moment to see if they come up with Adams. The fact that Adams and Thomas Jefferson were political rivals should make this all the more galling. Jefferson died on the same exact day as John Adams, meaning that for all time, the best Adams is going to achieve is co-billing on the day of his death.
| i don't know |
Who was described as Lady Macbeth by John Bercow in August 2000? | Tories attack Cherie as 'Lady Macbeth' - Telegraph
Tories attack Cherie as 'Lady Macbeth'
By Andrew Sparrow, Political Correspondent
12:00AM BST 08 Aug 2000
CHERIE BOOTH was described by the Tories last night as "an unaccountable cross between First Lady and Lady Macbeth".
In a highly personal attack, John Bercow, a shadow Home Office minister, condemned Tony Blair's wife for writing an article in The Telegraph on the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into English law. He accused her of "breaking the long-standing convention that prime ministers' spouses do not push their own political agendas" and of behaving like a British version of Hillary Clinton.
Mr Bercow said: "People in Britain will not put up with anyone who thinks they can be an unaccountable cross between First Lady and Lady Macbeth." In a news release issued by Conservative Central Office, he said her article showed that she was actively influencing Government policy. He said: "It is unclear whether Cherie's end goal is to be Lord Chancellor or whether she is happy to direct policy from behind the throne."
Fraser Kemp, Labour MP for Houghton and Washington East, condemned the attack as "wholly unwarranted". He said: "John Bercow is clearly embracing the silly season with great gusto. He needs a holiday."
Downing Street stressed that Miss Booth had written the article in her capacity as a leading QC and not as the Prime Minister's wife. A spokesman said: "She is an independent, professional woman who on occasion will write articles and give speeches on issues within her area of expertise."
Related Articles
| Cherie Blair |
Tarom, established in 1920, is the national airline of which European country? | "Career-Juggling at Britain's 10 Downing Street" by Alexander MacLeod, - The Christian Science Monitor, August 14, 2000 | Online Research Library: Questia
Read preview
Article excerpt
Cherie blair, wife of Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair, has been something of an icon for "have it all" working women, not only in Britain, but the world over.
A highly successful lawyer, she earns twice her husband's salary. Two days before giving birth to their fourth child, Leo, in May (at age 45), she was arguing in court for Britain to bring parental leave laws in line with more generous European Union standards. And she raised eyebrows by publicly prodding her husband to take time off to help care for the newborn.
With a general election due next year, Mrs. Blair's prominence is making her a target for opposition Conservatives. John Bercow declared Aug. 7, "People in Britain will not put up with anyone who thinks she can be an unaccountable cross between first lady and Lady Macbeth." Mr. Bercow, a senior party spokesman was speaking with the open support of Conservative leader William Hague. He accused Mrs. Blair of interfering in - maybe even trying to shape - key government policies. He also suggested that she stands to benefit financially from them.
It's the kind of vitriolic attack familiar to another successful lawyer married to a prominent politician - Hillary Clinton.
Far from shrinking from the political limelight, Mrs. Clinton is running for office herself, seeking to represent New York in the Senate.
Both women are setting new standards for the traditional political spouse.
Norma Major, wife of the former Conservative premier, loathed publicity and spent much of her time writing books about opera singers. Margaret Thatcher's husband, Denis, was never heard to utter a political sentiment within earshot of reporters.
Debate over social roles
Mrs. Blair, by sharp contrast, is a high-profile public figure in her own right, known to harbor ambitions of an eventual judgeship. Now, Bercow's scathing remarks put her at the epicenter of a row over the rights and roles of women in British society and politics.
According to political analyst Michael White, the dispute reveals "a deep rift in attitudes towards women" between the Labour Party and Conservatives. He says the rift is "reflected in the composition of Parliament."
Labour currently has more than 100 female members of the House of Commons, compared with the Conservatives' 14.
Conservative women say they find it difficult to persuade constituency associations to adopt them as candidates for Parliament. Labour women, meanwhile, have benefited from their party's policy of encouraging constituency associations to choose female candidates.
Mr. Blair has been lagging with female voters, however. A senior Conservative Party official says, "Earlier this year, Tony Blair was booed at a meeting of the Women's Institute, and badly needs to improve his standing with female voters. Obviously Cherie is trying to help him."
Bercow, dubbed "Rottweiler" by Conservative friends for his aggressive style, remains unrepentant over his remarks. He says Mrs. Blair "suffers from 'a Hillary syndrome,' " and "forgets that in Britain we already have a first lady - the queen. …
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| i don't know |
What is the Scientific observation and study of the atmosphere called? | Meteorology | Scholastic
Meteorology
Grades
6–8, 9–12
Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and the variations in temperature and moisture patterns that produce different weather conditions. Some of the major subjects of study are such phenomena as precipitation (rain and snow), thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes and typhoons.
The importance of meteorological events is felt in various ways. For example, a drought results in water shortages, crop damage, low river flow rates, and increased wildfire potential. In addition, these effects may lead to restricted river travel, saltwater infiltration in aquifers and coastal bays, stress on various plant and animal species, population shifts, economic hardship, and even political unrest. The critical impact of weather on human activity has led to the development of the uncertain science of weather forecasting.
The word meteorology derives from the Greek word meteoron, which refers to any phenomenon in the sky. Aristotle's Meteorologica (340 B.C.) concerned all phenomena above the ground. Astronomy, including the study of meteors, or "shooting stars," later became a separate discipline. The science of meteorology was restricted eventually to the study of the atmosphere. Various weather phenomena are still referred to as "meteors," such as hydrometeors (liquid or frozen water — rain, snow and snowflakes, clouds, fog), lithometeors (dry particles — sand, dust, or smoke), photometeors (optical phenomena — halos, mirages, rainbows, coronas), and electrometeors (electrical phenomena — lightning, Saint Elmo's fire).
Modern meteorology focuses primarily on the typical weather patterns observed, including thunderstorms, extratropical cyclones, fronts, hurricanes, typhoons, and various tropical water waves. Meteorology is usually considered to describe and study the physical basis for individual events. In contrast, climatology describes and studies the origin of atmospheric patterns observed over time. Several important phenomena, such as monsoons and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, are considered in both meteorology and climatology because they exhibit large changes on seasonal time scales.
Scope
The effort to understand the atmosphere and its processes draws on many fields of science and engineering. The study of atmospheric motions is called dynamic meteorology. It makes use of equations describing the behavior of a compressible fluid (air) on a rotating sphere (the Earth). One important complication in this study is the fact that the water in the atmosphere changes back and forth between solid, liquid, and gas in a very complex fashion. These changes greatly modify the equations used in dynamic meteorology.
Physical meteorology, or atmospheric physics, deals with a number of specialized areas of study. For example, the study of clouds and of the various forms of hydrometeors involves investigations into the behavior of water in the atmosphere. The study of radiative transfer is concerned with the fundamental source of energy that drives atmospheric processes, namely solar radiation, and the ways in which radiant energy in general is employed and dissipated in the atmosphere. Other specialized disciplines deal with phenomena involving light (atmospheric optics) and sound (atmospheric acoustics).
Some branches of meteorology are defined in terms of the size of the phenomena being studied. For example, micrometeorology is mainly the study of the small-scale interactions between the lowest level of the atmosphere and the surfaces with which it comes into contact. Mesoscale meteorology deals with phenomena of intermediate size — thunderstorms and mountain winds, for example. Synoptic meteorology is concerned with larger processes such as high- and low-pressure systems and their fronts, and so on up to the study of overall atmospheric circulation for time scales of a few days. Weather forecasting, the predictive aspect of meteorology, derives from these disciplines.
Other branches of meteorology focus on phenomena in specific locations, such as equatorial areas, the tropics, maritime regions, coastal areas, the poles, and mountains. The upper atmosphere is also studied separately. Other disciplines concentrate on taking observations with particular technologies, including radio, radar, and artificial satellite. Computer technology is applied extensively, including numerical weather prediction, interactive data analysis, and display systems.
The chemical behavior of the atmosphere, studied in atmospheric chemistry, has rapidly gained in importance due to inadvertent changes caused by humans in the molecular composition of the atmosphere. Changes in ozone (and the ozone layer) and carbon dioxide concentrations, and increased levels of acid rain, have gone beyond the status of local problems to become regional or global issues.
Meteorological studies are carried out in conjunction with several environmentally related fields. These include aeronautics, agriculture, architecture, ballistics, ecology, energy production, forestry, hydrology, medicine, and oceanography. Many of these related fields simply need to determine the weather's effects at a particular time and place, but some — hydrology and oceanography, for example — also affect meterological events by modifying atmospheric conditions at the Earth's surface.
Development of Modern Meteorology
The origins of meteorology lie in qualitative observations of the local weather and speculation. On the whole, Aristotle's work was the standard reference in the ancient and medieval periods, until René Descartes, Galileo Galilei, and others began to replace speculation with instrumental observations in the early 17th century. The requisite instruments for carrying out these measurements — the barometer, hygrometer, and thermometer — were developed during the period from about 1650 to 1750. Corresponding theoretical and experimental work included Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion, cooling, and refraction; the work of Blaise Pascal, Edme Marriotte, Robert Hooke, Edmund Halley, and others on hypsometry (precise measurement of altitudes); the work of Robert Boyle on gases; and that of Halley, George Hadley, and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert on atmospheric circulation. In the next century (1750 –1850), thermometers were standardized, Benjamin Franklin studied lightning, John Dalton laid the foundations for measuring evaporation and humidity, and Luke Howard classified clouds. After 1800, private individuals and public institutions began to collect weather observations.
After the French fleet was damaged by a storm during the Crimean War (1853–56), serious attempts were initiated in western Europe and North America to collect weather data from many locations simultaneously by means of the recently invented (1837) telegraph. The development of reliable clocks permitted continuous recording of observations. The cup and pressure anemometers were invented, and electricity was harnessed to record instrument readings. Later, balloons, kites, and airplanes were used to carry weather instruments through the troposphere, the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, into the stratosphere, the second lowest atmospheric layer, which was discovered, named, and described shortly after 1900. Systematic upper-air observations began in the 1920s after the development of battery-powered radios light enough to be carried by balloons. The collection of upper-air reports over large areas provided a more complete description of the atmosphere, including such features as the jet stream.
Thermodynamics, developed from the mid-19th century onward, provided a major component in the set of formulas describing atmospheric motions and transformations. During the century from 1850 to 1950, synoptic meteorology was the dominant branch, with a body of more fundamental physical principles replacing scattered empirical rules. About 1920 the Bergen school, led by Vilhelm Bjerknes and his son Jacob, synthesized these ideas into the polar-front theory of cyclones, including key concepts such as fronts and air masses.
Modern dynamic meteorology was born in 1948, when Jule Charney succeeded in reducing the full dynamic equations (first stated by Vilhelm Bjerknes in 1904) to a simple yet useful form. The simultaneous development of the digital computer ensured that Charney's method had great practical impact, for it allowed weather forecasting to be based on an approximate solution to the dynamical equations as a function of time.
Since 1948, technologies for remote sensing of the atmosphere have proliferated. By 1950, radar had been developed to the point where it could be used to delineate clouds by their suspended water droplets and thus indicate the internal structure of storms, especially thunderstorms. Starting in the mid-1960s, radar units that measure the Doppler shift were developed to provide velocity information as well. After 1960, satellites began providing detailed observations of the entire Earth.
The first sustained governmental activity in meteorology in the United States came in 1870, when Congress directed the army to organize a weather service to forecast storms over the Great Lakes and the coasts. After two decades under the Signal Corps, this activity was transferred to a new civilian Weather Bureau in the Department of Agriculture because farmers were particularly concerned with forecasts of upcoming weather and long-term climate trends. Half a century later the growing need of aviators for frequent observations and short-term forecasts led to the bureau's transfer to the Department of Commerce. In 1965 the Weather Bureau became part of the new Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), with climatology separated into the new Environmental Data Service (EDS); five years later ESSA was dropped and the bureau became the National Weather Service, a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Contemporary Meteorology
The field of meteorology is increasingly becoming computerized and automated as scientists seek how best to use the flood of observations from a wide variety of traditional and new instruments. For example, rapid processing of Doppler radar data is crucial to maximize the warning time for tornadoes and other severe local weather phenomena. The preparation of observations for use in large numerical global forecast models, the "timestepping" of these models, and the processing of the resulting output are too laborious for any but the most powerful computers. Development of the World Wide Web has opened a whole new range of options for disseminating the resulting data and forecast information in ways that are still being explored.
The United States has invested in important new generations of observing systems, including the WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler) radar network, three-axis stabilized GOES, and microwave sensors in low Earth orbit. Active satellite sensors, such as the scatterometer, which can measure wind speeds at the ocean's surface, are being pushed to operational status. Meanwhile, the merger of existing data sources using computer-based schemes should increase the usefulness of all the data sources, old and new.
Much of this information is passed around the world on the Global Telecommunications System, organized by the World Meteorological Organization within constraints due to commercial, national-security, and logistical considerations by some countries. In turn, a few centers around the world develop large computer-model simulations from the conditions observed and send the resulting weather forecasts across the network. Two such centers are the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (Suitland, Md.) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (Bracknell, England).
Another form of international cooperation is seen in various research programs. For example, the Global Energy and Water Exchange Program seeks to develop observations and theories revealing the cycle of energy and water through the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission is a joint U.S.-Japanese research satellite launched in 1997 as a "flying rain gauge" over tropical regions. Such international cooperation is crucial in addressing global-scale phenomena.
by George J. Huffman
Bibliography: Ahrens, C. Donald, Meteorology Today, 5th ed. (1999); American Meteorological Society, Glossary of Meteorology (1959; repr. 1986); Friedman, R. M., Appropriating the Weather: Wilhelm Bjorknes and the Construction of a Modern Meteorology (1993); Frisinger, H. H., The History of Meteorology to 1800 (1983); Lockhart, G., The Weather Companion (1988); Lutgens, F. K., and Tarbuck, E. J., The Atmosphere, 7th ed. (1997); Monmonier, Mark, Air Apparent: How Meteorologists Learned to Map, Predict, and Dramatize Weather (1999); Moran, J. M., et al., Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of Weather (1996); Nebeker, Frederik, Calculating the Weather: Meteorology in the 20th Century (1995); Spiegal, H. J., and Gruber, A., From Weather Vanes to Satellites: An Introduction to Meteorology (1983); Trefil, J., Meditations at Sunset (1987).
×
| Meteorology |
Which Shipping weather area covers the Shetland Islands? | Meteorology | Scholastic
Meteorology
Grades
6–8, 9–12
Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and the variations in temperature and moisture patterns that produce different weather conditions. Some of the major subjects of study are such phenomena as precipitation (rain and snow), thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes and typhoons.
The importance of meteorological events is felt in various ways. For example, a drought results in water shortages, crop damage, low river flow rates, and increased wildfire potential. In addition, these effects may lead to restricted river travel, saltwater infiltration in aquifers and coastal bays, stress on various plant and animal species, population shifts, economic hardship, and even political unrest. The critical impact of weather on human activity has led to the development of the uncertain science of weather forecasting.
The word meteorology derives from the Greek word meteoron, which refers to any phenomenon in the sky. Aristotle's Meteorologica (340 B.C.) concerned all phenomena above the ground. Astronomy, including the study of meteors, or "shooting stars," later became a separate discipline. The science of meteorology was restricted eventually to the study of the atmosphere. Various weather phenomena are still referred to as "meteors," such as hydrometeors (liquid or frozen water — rain, snow and snowflakes, clouds, fog), lithometeors (dry particles — sand, dust, or smoke), photometeors (optical phenomena — halos, mirages, rainbows, coronas), and electrometeors (electrical phenomena — lightning, Saint Elmo's fire).
Modern meteorology focuses primarily on the typical weather patterns observed, including thunderstorms, extratropical cyclones, fronts, hurricanes, typhoons, and various tropical water waves. Meteorology is usually considered to describe and study the physical basis for individual events. In contrast, climatology describes and studies the origin of atmospheric patterns observed over time. Several important phenomena, such as monsoons and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, are considered in both meteorology and climatology because they exhibit large changes on seasonal time scales.
Scope
The effort to understand the atmosphere and its processes draws on many fields of science and engineering. The study of atmospheric motions is called dynamic meteorology. It makes use of equations describing the behavior of a compressible fluid (air) on a rotating sphere (the Earth). One important complication in this study is the fact that the water in the atmosphere changes back and forth between solid, liquid, and gas in a very complex fashion. These changes greatly modify the equations used in dynamic meteorology.
Physical meteorology, or atmospheric physics, deals with a number of specialized areas of study. For example, the study of clouds and of the various forms of hydrometeors involves investigations into the behavior of water in the atmosphere. The study of radiative transfer is concerned with the fundamental source of energy that drives atmospheric processes, namely solar radiation, and the ways in which radiant energy in general is employed and dissipated in the atmosphere. Other specialized disciplines deal with phenomena involving light (atmospheric optics) and sound (atmospheric acoustics).
Some branches of meteorology are defined in terms of the size of the phenomena being studied. For example, micrometeorology is mainly the study of the small-scale interactions between the lowest level of the atmosphere and the surfaces with which it comes into contact. Mesoscale meteorology deals with phenomena of intermediate size — thunderstorms and mountain winds, for example. Synoptic meteorology is concerned with larger processes such as high- and low-pressure systems and their fronts, and so on up to the study of overall atmospheric circulation for time scales of a few days. Weather forecasting, the predictive aspect of meteorology, derives from these disciplines.
Other branches of meteorology focus on phenomena in specific locations, such as equatorial areas, the tropics, maritime regions, coastal areas, the poles, and mountains. The upper atmosphere is also studied separately. Other disciplines concentrate on taking observations with particular technologies, including radio, radar, and artificial satellite. Computer technology is applied extensively, including numerical weather prediction, interactive data analysis, and display systems.
The chemical behavior of the atmosphere, studied in atmospheric chemistry, has rapidly gained in importance due to inadvertent changes caused by humans in the molecular composition of the atmosphere. Changes in ozone (and the ozone layer) and carbon dioxide concentrations, and increased levels of acid rain, have gone beyond the status of local problems to become regional or global issues.
Meteorological studies are carried out in conjunction with several environmentally related fields. These include aeronautics, agriculture, architecture, ballistics, ecology, energy production, forestry, hydrology, medicine, and oceanography. Many of these related fields simply need to determine the weather's effects at a particular time and place, but some — hydrology and oceanography, for example — also affect meterological events by modifying atmospheric conditions at the Earth's surface.
Development of Modern Meteorology
The origins of meteorology lie in qualitative observations of the local weather and speculation. On the whole, Aristotle's work was the standard reference in the ancient and medieval periods, until René Descartes, Galileo Galilei, and others began to replace speculation with instrumental observations in the early 17th century. The requisite instruments for carrying out these measurements — the barometer, hygrometer, and thermometer — were developed during the period from about 1650 to 1750. Corresponding theoretical and experimental work included Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion, cooling, and refraction; the work of Blaise Pascal, Edme Marriotte, Robert Hooke, Edmund Halley, and others on hypsometry (precise measurement of altitudes); the work of Robert Boyle on gases; and that of Halley, George Hadley, and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert on atmospheric circulation. In the next century (1750 –1850), thermometers were standardized, Benjamin Franklin studied lightning, John Dalton laid the foundations for measuring evaporation and humidity, and Luke Howard classified clouds. After 1800, private individuals and public institutions began to collect weather observations.
After the French fleet was damaged by a storm during the Crimean War (1853–56), serious attempts were initiated in western Europe and North America to collect weather data from many locations simultaneously by means of the recently invented (1837) telegraph. The development of reliable clocks permitted continuous recording of observations. The cup and pressure anemometers were invented, and electricity was harnessed to record instrument readings. Later, balloons, kites, and airplanes were used to carry weather instruments through the troposphere, the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, into the stratosphere, the second lowest atmospheric layer, which was discovered, named, and described shortly after 1900. Systematic upper-air observations began in the 1920s after the development of battery-powered radios light enough to be carried by balloons. The collection of upper-air reports over large areas provided a more complete description of the atmosphere, including such features as the jet stream.
Thermodynamics, developed from the mid-19th century onward, provided a major component in the set of formulas describing atmospheric motions and transformations. During the century from 1850 to 1950, synoptic meteorology was the dominant branch, with a body of more fundamental physical principles replacing scattered empirical rules. About 1920 the Bergen school, led by Vilhelm Bjerknes and his son Jacob, synthesized these ideas into the polar-front theory of cyclones, including key concepts such as fronts and air masses.
Modern dynamic meteorology was born in 1948, when Jule Charney succeeded in reducing the full dynamic equations (first stated by Vilhelm Bjerknes in 1904) to a simple yet useful form. The simultaneous development of the digital computer ensured that Charney's method had great practical impact, for it allowed weather forecasting to be based on an approximate solution to the dynamical equations as a function of time.
Since 1948, technologies for remote sensing of the atmosphere have proliferated. By 1950, radar had been developed to the point where it could be used to delineate clouds by their suspended water droplets and thus indicate the internal structure of storms, especially thunderstorms. Starting in the mid-1960s, radar units that measure the Doppler shift were developed to provide velocity information as well. After 1960, satellites began providing detailed observations of the entire Earth.
The first sustained governmental activity in meteorology in the United States came in 1870, when Congress directed the army to organize a weather service to forecast storms over the Great Lakes and the coasts. After two decades under the Signal Corps, this activity was transferred to a new civilian Weather Bureau in the Department of Agriculture because farmers were particularly concerned with forecasts of upcoming weather and long-term climate trends. Half a century later the growing need of aviators for frequent observations and short-term forecasts led to the bureau's transfer to the Department of Commerce. In 1965 the Weather Bureau became part of the new Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), with climatology separated into the new Environmental Data Service (EDS); five years later ESSA was dropped and the bureau became the National Weather Service, a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Contemporary Meteorology
The field of meteorology is increasingly becoming computerized and automated as scientists seek how best to use the flood of observations from a wide variety of traditional and new instruments. For example, rapid processing of Doppler radar data is crucial to maximize the warning time for tornadoes and other severe local weather phenomena. The preparation of observations for use in large numerical global forecast models, the "timestepping" of these models, and the processing of the resulting output are too laborious for any but the most powerful computers. Development of the World Wide Web has opened a whole new range of options for disseminating the resulting data and forecast information in ways that are still being explored.
The United States has invested in important new generations of observing systems, including the WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler) radar network, three-axis stabilized GOES, and microwave sensors in low Earth orbit. Active satellite sensors, such as the scatterometer, which can measure wind speeds at the ocean's surface, are being pushed to operational status. Meanwhile, the merger of existing data sources using computer-based schemes should increase the usefulness of all the data sources, old and new.
Much of this information is passed around the world on the Global Telecommunications System, organized by the World Meteorological Organization within constraints due to commercial, national-security, and logistical considerations by some countries. In turn, a few centers around the world develop large computer-model simulations from the conditions observed and send the resulting weather forecasts across the network. Two such centers are the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (Suitland, Md.) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (Bracknell, England).
Another form of international cooperation is seen in various research programs. For example, the Global Energy and Water Exchange Program seeks to develop observations and theories revealing the cycle of energy and water through the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission is a joint U.S.-Japanese research satellite launched in 1997 as a "flying rain gauge" over tropical regions. Such international cooperation is crucial in addressing global-scale phenomena.
by George J. Huffman
Bibliography: Ahrens, C. Donald, Meteorology Today, 5th ed. (1999); American Meteorological Society, Glossary of Meteorology (1959; repr. 1986); Friedman, R. M., Appropriating the Weather: Wilhelm Bjorknes and the Construction of a Modern Meteorology (1993); Frisinger, H. H., The History of Meteorology to 1800 (1983); Lockhart, G., The Weather Companion (1988); Lutgens, F. K., and Tarbuck, E. J., The Atmosphere, 7th ed. (1997); Monmonier, Mark, Air Apparent: How Meteorologists Learned to Map, Predict, and Dramatize Weather (1999); Moran, J. M., et al., Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of Weather (1996); Nebeker, Frederik, Calculating the Weather: Meteorology in the 20th Century (1995); Spiegal, H. J., and Gruber, A., From Weather Vanes to Satellites: An Introduction to Meteorology (1983); Trefil, J., Meditations at Sunset (1987).
×
| i don't know |
Which British player won the ladies singles title at Wimbledon in 1961? | Virginia Wade: a Wimbledon champion written out of British history | Sport | The Guardian
Pass notes
Virginia Wade: a Wimbledon champion written out of British history
The Andy Murray headlines have ignored the fact that a Briton won a Wimbledon singles title in 1977. Ah, but she was a woman
Virginia Wade with her trophy after winning the Wimbledon women's singles championship in 1977. Photograph: Pa/PA Archive/Press Association Ima
Monday 8 July 2013 07.18 EDT
First published on Monday 8 July 2013 07.18 EDT
Age: 67.
Appearance: Airbrushed. Out of history.
Who or what is Virginia Wade ? Until last Sunday, the last British tennis player to win Wimbledon.
Huh? When? 36 years ago. Back in 1977.
Then how come I've never heard of her? Because journalists have forgotten she exists.
Ouch. And, on the front page of the Telegraph: "After 77 years, the wait is over. "
Oof. And, on the front page of the Daily Mail: "Andy Murray ends 77 years of waiting for a British champion."
Jeez. Even the Daily Mail forgot about her win? Yep. Which is especially unforgivable, since they also published an interview with her, in which she told the paper: "You never forget how it feels to win Wimbledon."
Incredible. So where does the 77-year figure come from? That's the figure for the men's championships. The last British man to win before Murray was Fred Perry in 1936.
Meaning the real wait was actually just 41 years? No, in reality, British tennis fans were never made to wait at all. Dorothy Round Little won the women's singles – for the second time in her career – one year later, in 1937.
So there have been two British winners since? No, actually there have been four.
Four British women have won Wimbledon since Fred Perry? Yep. Partially deaf player Angela Mortimer won the championship in 1961, and underdog Ann Haydon-Jones beat legend of the sport Billie Jean King to win again in 1969.
This is a dark day for sports journalism, isn't it? Afraid so. But a good day for feminist writer Chloe Angyal, whose tweet "Murray is indeed the first Brit to win Wimbledon in 77 years unless you think women are people" has been re-tweeted, at time of writing, 9,425 times.
That's a lot, right? It is. But it only really counts when men re-tweet it.
Do say: "If Murray wins, he's British. If he loses, he's Scottish."
Don't say: "If Wade wins, she's forgotten."
| Angela Mortimer |
Tachophobia is the morbid fear of what? | From the archives: Remembering the British women who conquered London and Paris - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM
From the archives: Remembering the British women who conquered London and Paris
Wimbledon.com remembers the two British women to have won Wimbledon and Roland Garros, Angela Mortimer and Ann Jones. READ MORE
By Paul Newman
Angela Mortimer and Ann Jones, who were part of a golden age for women’s tennis in Britain, hold a special place in the sport’s history. The French Open this week is a reminder that Mortimer and Jones are the only two Britons who triumphed in the ladies’ singles at both Wimbledon and Roland Garros.
For Jones in particular it is an especially significant moment as this is the 50th anniversary of the second of her two triumphs in Paris. She had also won the French title in 1961 and went on to record an unlikely victory at The Championships in 1969, winning the ladies’ singles title at her 14th and last attempt.
Mortimer was another whose persistence was eventually rewarded on Centre Court, in her 11th appearance at The Championships in 1961. She had won in Paris for the only time in her career six years earlier.
The period between 1955 and 1977 was a fine era for women’s tennis in Britain. Between them, Mortimer, Jones, Virginia Wade, Christine Truman, Sue Barker and Shirley Bloomer won 12 Grand Slam singles titles. Their success has been all the more remarkable for the drought that has followed. No British woman has won a Grand Slam singles title since Wade’s victory at The Championships in 1977.
Mortimer, who hailed from Plymouth, did not start playing tennis until she was 15, but her talent was quickly evident. Athletic and fast around the court, she was a great competitor with a solid all-round game, including a powerful forehand. She was partially deaf, but said that could help her concentration in that she could shut out distractions.
Her baseline game was well suited to clay and in 1955 she won the title at Roland Garros, beating the American Dorothy Knode in a marathon final. At Wimbledon that year Mortimer won the ladies’ doubles with Anne Shilcock to record the first British success at The Championships in any competition since Dorothy Round’s triumph in 1937.
In singles Mortimer reached the Wimbledon quarter-finals in 1953, 1954 and 1956 before making the final in 1958, when she lost to Althea Gibson. A quarter-finalist again in 1959 and 1960, it seemed that her chance of ultimate glory might have passed her by, but in 1961 she made the final once more.
The 1961 final against Christine Truman was the first all-British ladies’ singles final since Dorothea Chambers beat Ethel Larcombe at the old Worple Road site in 1914. It remains the only all-British ladies’ singles final ever played at the current Church Road site.
Truman was the No.6 seed and Mortimer the No.7 seed, but nobody could argue that they did not deserve to be in the final. Truman had beaten both Margaret Court, the No 2 seed, and Renee Schuurman, who had knocked out Jones, the No.3 seed. Mortimer had eliminated Sandra Reynolds, the No.1 seed.
There was huge public interest in the final. Mortimer, aged 29 and highly experienced, was essentially a defensive baseliner, while 20-year-old Truman was a more attacking player. The match turned after Truman fell in the second set following a rain break at the end of the first and Mortimer went on to win 4-6, 6-4, 7-5.
Jones, who was from Birmingham, was another essentially defensive player who brought great intelligence to her game. Like Fred Perry, she had learned much from her early days playing table tennis. She reached three finals at the world table tennis championships in 1957.
Between 1961 and 1969 she played in five finals at Roland Garros, winning the title in 1961 and 1966 with comfortable victories over Yola Ramirez and Nancy Richey.
Jones, who played under her maiden name of Haydon until her marriage in 1962, had won the Wimbledon girls’ title, but the thinking at the time was that her baseline game was not made for grass.
However, at the age of 30 and in her 14th and last appearance at The Championships, she proved the critics wrong. Jones’ victory in 1969 was arguably the greatest performance ever by a British woman at Wimbledon as she beat the world’s top two players, Court and Billie Jean King, in the last two rounds.
Jones, who also won the mixed doubles that year in partnership with Fred Stolle, still played mostly from the baseline, but her willingness to come to the net from time to time stopped Court and King, two of the great serve-and-volley players, from dominating.
In the semi-finals Jones recovered from the disappointment of losing a gruelling first set to Court to triumph 10-12, 6-3, 6-2. In the final against King she again went behind before winning 3-6, 6-3, 6-2. The pattern of both matches underlined Jones’ intelligence as she worked out how to beat her illustrious opponents.
| i don't know |
In the BBC comedy TV series 'It Ain't Half Hot Mum' who played the part of Rangi Ram? | It Ain't Half Hot Mum! - British Classic Comedy
1970's , 1970's BBC Comedy , 1980's , 1980's BBC Comedy , BBC Comedy , TV Comedy
It Ain’t Half Hot Mum! – 1974
As we commemorate VJ day we’ve heard a lot on the radio about this being a forgotten part of the war, clearly not so for David Croft and Jimmy Perry who wrote this hit sitcom. To mark the commemorations we’ve pulled this post to front and for the next couple of days we’ve embedded the final episode into the post.
Whilst in 1945 there were celebrations for VE day the war was not yet over for those fighting the Japenese. It was those troops that the Royal Artillery Concert Party depicted in this popular sitcom were entertaining.
Running for 56 episodes over 8 series It Ain’t Half Hot Mum was the BBC sitcom centering around the Royal Artillery Concert Party. At it’s peak it attracted audiences of 15 million.
For the first four series the setting is British India and Burma towards the end of the Second World War (in the period just after the German surrender where the Allies were trying to finish the war by defeating Japan in Asia). In the fifth series, the concert party are posted up the jungle, and from then on It Ain’t Half Hot Mum is set in Tin Min, Burmha close to the front line.
Like many shows of the time it courted controversy in its heyday for having Rangi Ram, an Indian character, played by a white actor, Michael Bates.
Co-writer Jimmy Perry said of the show ‘It’s without doubt the funniest series David Croft and I wrote. It’s also the show we’re not allowed to talk about.’
As for repeats it was repeated on satellite channel UK Gold but future repeats look unlikely, after it was put on a short list by the BBC as a TV show that could be possibly be repeated as a rerun, but it has since been removed. In 2012 the Mail Online reported ‘The word has gone out the series of It Ain’t Half Hot Mum will never be shown in the future on the channel. (referring to BBC1)
‘The censors feel the undertone of racism and catty remarks about different races and religions has no place on BBC channels.’
They added: ‘When the series was aired in the Seventies it was a different time, and the notions and sympathies of modern cultural Britain were a long way away.’
Summary
The story revolves around a large group of British soldiers stationed at the Royal Artillery Depot in Deolali, India.
The main characters are performers in the base’s Concert Party, which involves putting on comic acts and musical performances (similar to those seen in a music hall) for the other soldiers prior to their departure for the front lines. The Concert Party all love this particular job, as it enables them to keep out of combat duty (though some do harbour dreams of becoming world-famous actors when they leave the army).
This is much to the annoyance of Sergeant Major “Shut Up” Williams who having spent almost all of his life as a professional soldier, resents being in charge of a bunch of “nancy boys” and takes every opportunity to bring some form of military regime to the concert party. However the concert party also take every opportunity to thwart him supported by two senior officers who also appreciate their ‘cushy’ number’
Much of the comedy came from the love hate relationship between Sgt Major Williams and gunner “Lofty” Sugden. The two stars (Windsor Davies and Don Estelle) had a hit record with whispering grass.
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| Michael Bates |
Who, prior to Virginia Wade, was the last British tennis player to win the Wimbledon women's singles title? | It Ain't Half Hot Mum never to be screened again as BBC deem it too racist for modern society | Daily Mail Online
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It attracted audiences of around 15 million at its peak, but it controversially made jokes about the cultural differences between the Indian, Burmese and Japanese.
It was put on a short list by the BBC as a TV show that could be possibly be repeated as a rerun, but it has since been removed.
Hot topic: The show was popular in its day and attracted 15 million viewers at its peak
A TV source told the Daily Express : 'The word has gone out the series of It Ain’t Half Hot Mum will never be shown in the future on the channel.
'The censors feel the undertone of racism and catty remarks about different races and religions has no place on BBC channels.'
They added: 'When the series was aired in the Seventies it was a different time, and the notions and sympathies of modern cultural Britain were a long way away.'
Creators Jimmy Perry, left, and David Croft wrote the series as well as Allo Allo!
The show was written and created by David Croft and Jimmy Perry, the people behind Dad's Army, and 'Allo 'Allo!
It was set in British India and was about the adventures of a Royal Artillery Concert Party.
The show courted controversy in its heyday for having Rangi Ram, an Indian character, played by a white actor, Michael Bates.
Co-writer Jimmy Perry said, last year: 'It’s without doubt the funniest series David Croft and I wrote. It’s also the show we’re not allowed to talk about.'
Offensive: Michael Bates, right caused controversy for being a white actor playing the role of Indian-born Rangi Ram
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In Norse mythology, who was the wife of the god Odin and goddess of the sky? | Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility. - Norse Goddess
Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility. - Norse Goddess. She is said to be the wife of Odin and is the foremost among the goddesses and the queen of Asgard.
Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility. - Norse Goddess
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Wednesday, 18 January 2017
Home � Divinity of the Day � Norse Gods and Goddesses � Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility.
Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility.
She is said to be the wife of Odin, and is the "foremost among the goddesses" and the queen of Asgard. She has the power of prophecy yet she does not reveal what she knows. Friday derives from the Anglo-Saxon name for Frigg.
Norse mother goddess deity of marriage and other household order including domestic arts, love and destiny. She is partron of matrons provides protection to women and children, and as a wife of Odin she rules the gods. She is also a sky goddess responsible for weaving the fates.
Represented as a tall beautiful and stately,crowned with heron plumes the symbol of silence and forgetfulness. Clothed in white robes secured at the waist by a golden girdle which hangs a bunch of keys, the distinctive sign of the northern housewife. She preferred to live in her own palace called fensalir the hall of mists or the sea.
She spends her time spinning golden thread or weaving bright coloured clouds. In order to perform this work she made use of a jewelled spinning wheel which shone brightly in the sky known as "Friggas spinning wheel in the north" and in the south known as orions belt/girdle.
Festivals: Yule, January 12, 30th May (Frigga's Day)
--~Attributes and Correspondences~--
| Frigga |
If you ordered manzana in a Spanish Restaurant what would you be served? | Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility. - Norse Goddess
Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility. - Norse Goddess. She is said to be the wife of Odin and is the foremost among the goddesses and the queen of Asgard.
Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility. - Norse Goddess
Per-Ankh Feed
Wednesday, 18 January 2017
Home � Divinity of the Day � Norse Gods and Goddesses � Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility.
Frigg - Wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage and fertility.
She is said to be the wife of Odin, and is the "foremost among the goddesses" and the queen of Asgard. She has the power of prophecy yet she does not reveal what she knows. Friday derives from the Anglo-Saxon name for Frigg.
Norse mother goddess deity of marriage and other household order including domestic arts, love and destiny. She is partron of matrons provides protection to women and children, and as a wife of Odin she rules the gods. She is also a sky goddess responsible for weaving the fates.
Represented as a tall beautiful and stately,crowned with heron plumes the symbol of silence and forgetfulness. Clothed in white robes secured at the waist by a golden girdle which hangs a bunch of keys, the distinctive sign of the northern housewife. She preferred to live in her own palace called fensalir the hall of mists or the sea.
She spends her time spinning golden thread or weaving bright coloured clouds. In order to perform this work she made use of a jewelled spinning wheel which shone brightly in the sky known as "Friggas spinning wheel in the north" and in the south known as orions belt/girdle.
Festivals: Yule, January 12, 30th May (Frigga's Day)
--~Attributes and Correspondences~--
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Which former West Indian fast bowler was nicknamed Whispering Death? | Wisden - Whispering Death
Whispering Death
1977 home
Whispering Death
One of the most enduring memories of the 1976 cricket season in England - for the spectators if not for opposing batsmen - was the graceful, rhythmic action of the West Indian fast bowler, Michael Holding. The speed which he generated from his deceptive approach to the stumps was, on occasions, frightening and, in association with Roberts, Daniel and Holder, proved a decisive factor in the West Indies' resounding triumph.
It was a series filled with several outstanding individual feats, but none could quite compare with Holding's in the final Test at The Oval. On a depressingly lifeless pitch, the other fast bowlers of both teams could only take five wickets between them at a cost of 477 runs. Yet the conditions seemed to act as a catalyst which lifted Holding to an extraordinary performance.
He proved that nothing could deter bowling of great pace and accuracy by taking eight for 92 in the first innings and six for 57 in the second. No fewer than twelve of his fourteen victims were either bowled or lbw, an accurate reflection of his speed and his consistent line. Of all the great West Indian bowlers of the past, none had equalled this feat of 14 wickets in a Test.
Holding's rise from the relative obscurity of Jamaica's Shell Shield team to the forefront of the game's finest fast bowlers was meteoric. A year before his Oval achievement, he had not played in a Test had not played in a Test and had taken a mere sixteen wickets in three first-class seasons in the Caribbean at the unflattering cost of 51 runs each. Yet his potential has always been undeniable and the West Indies selectors recognised it picking him in the seventeen for the 1975-76 tour of Australia, a choice for which they deserve the greatest credit. Since then, Holding has fulfilled the expectations of everyone who was predicting great things for him from his days at Kingston College in Jamaica.
Born in the parish of St. Andrew, in Jamaica, on February 16, 1954, MICHAEL ANTHONY HOLDING was fortunate that his parents were keen sportsmen who encouraged him in all his sporting exploits. His father, Ralph, a building contractor, playing club cricket to a good standard and has been President of the strong Melbourne Club - for which, understandably, his son has played since leaving school. Mr Holding senior was in Australia to watch Michael make his entry into Test cricket an, along with Mrs Holding, witnessed his Oval bowling.
At school, young Holding immediately established his credentials as a natural athlete and he shone both at cricket and athletics. There is a strong tradition in both sports in Jamaica which, apart from its long line of great cricketers, has also produced such famous runners as Arthur Wint, Herb McKenley, George Rhoden and Don Quarrie. Fortunately for West Indian cricket, Holding's sports master at the time, Mr. Trevor Parchment, advised him to concentrate on that game.
It was not long before the guidance was bearing fruit. By 1972, he was in Jamaica's team for the annual West Indies youth tournament and the following season came his first class debut. He made a name for himself in that initial year by clean bowling the Australian opening batsman Ian Redpath, cheaply three time sin four meetings.
His development, however, was not spectacular. His lean physique found it difficult to cope with the strain of fast bowling and he was troubled by illness and injury. Nevertheless, he was gaining size and pace all the time and, by the 1975 Shield season, confirmed reports from Jamaica that he was the bowler to partner Roberts for the series in Australia.
In some quarters, Holding's selection, as one of five fast bowlers, was a surprising gamble. Even some of his team mates, who had not seen him nor played against him for two years, were astonished by his hostility in the opening game of the tour against a Colts team at Adelaide. When he won a close match against New South Wales almost single-handed by taking six for 60 his place in the Test team was assured.
By the team the West Indies won the second Test at Perth by an innings, Holding taking four wickets in the first innings, the Australian wicket-keeper, Rodney Marsh, was speaking of him becoming one of the fastest bowlers of all time. Unluckily, injury ruled him out of the third test and, thereafter, he and his team deteriorated disappointingly. Richie Benaud was of the opinion that he was a better bowler at the start of the tour than he was at the end and thought he was straining too hard for pace and bounce.
In the series against India in the Caribbean which immediately followed, Holding took nineteen wickets in four matches and, on occasion, looked a truly great bowler. On others, however, he was again guilty of bowling too short with a corresponding loss of accuracy. It was a criticism which could have been levelled at him during the first half of the tour of England as well and it was probably a team meeting midway through the third Test at Old Trafford which finally put him right.
He and Daniel had unleashed a volley of very fast, very short bowling against the veteran England openers, Edrich and Close, in the final hour and a half's play on the Saturday. Close took a few fearful blows, Holding was warned for intimidation and England closed the day without the loss of a wicket. It was, observed the West Indies manager, Clyde Walcott, bad bowling - and he obviously told Holding so.
The effect was immediate. He pitched the ball right up on the Monday with telling success and the lesson was learned. In the subsequent Tests, the bouncer was kept in reserve as a surprise weapon and Holding realized, as have all prosperous fast bowlers, that there is no counter to genuine pace and accuracy.
Holding has been an irreplaceable acquisition to the West Indies. Not only has he proved a "lethal" bowler but a useful lower order batsmen and magnificent outfielder as well. His long, loping strides as he chases the ball make him a joy to watch. In addition, he is an intelligent young man who fits easily into any company.
In fact, those meeting him for the first time find it difficult to reconcile the quiet mild-mannered individual they confront off the field with the fiercely competitive sportsman they see on it. His much-publicised display during the Sydney Test of the series against Australia when he wept publicly after having a caught behind dismissal refused by the umpire was indicative of his will to succeed., not of any weakness in character. His hostile bowling against India in the Kingston Test of that series when several batsmen were injured was influenced by the same spirit, not malicious intent.
Eminent fast bowlers throughout history have been in great demand and, in this age of jet travel, Holding can ask his price from the clubs of England and Australia, always so anxious to please their members and their sponsors. Already, he has received tempting offers, but he is anxious not to subject himself to the type of labour which could bring a premature end to his career and, so far, he has resisted them.
As a computer programmer with the Jamaican Government, Holding will probably be one of the rare contemporary West Indian cricketers who does not play the game all year round in every part of the globe. Whether that is good news or not for opposing batsmen is debatable. They may confront him less often than they might some other fast bowlers but, when they do, he will be keen and fresh and that, on all evidence to date, is an alarming prospect. - T.C.
© John Wisden & Co
| Michael Holding |
In Architecture what name is given to a cap or the covering topping off a wall? | Holding fears Test cricket 'will become insignificant in five years time'
Holding fears Test cricket 'will become insignificant in five years time'
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Melbourne, Aug 25(ANI): Former West Indian fast bowler Michael Holding has said that Twenty20 format is causing irreparable damage to Test cricket, and reckons that his nickname 'Whispering Death' fits the future of the longest version the game.
"I definitely fear for Test cricket. Test cricket may be around in five years time, but it will become insignificant, it will not be relevant," stuff.co.nz quoted Holding, as saying.
"The Twenty20 format is not good because you cannot produce good cricketers from Twenty20, but also because it is so highly biased financially," he added.
He further highlighted that cricketers now want to play Twenty20, as it can earn them more money that four or five years of Test cricket.
"If I was a young man today, I would want to do that myself. I might get 100,000 dollars to go and play six weeks in India - done," Holding said.
"I don't blame the cricketers, I blame the administrators," he added. (ANI)
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Basiphobia is the morbid fear of doing what? | Basiphobia | definition of basiphobia by Medical dictionary
Basiphobia | definition of basiphobia by Medical dictionary
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basiphobia
Related to basiphobia: basophobia , stasibasiphobia
bas·i·pho·bi·a
(bās'i-fō'bē-ă),
[G. basis, a stepping, + phobos, fear]
basiphobia
Morbid fear of being erect or upright.
bas·i·pho·bi·a
(bās-i-fō'bē-ă)
[G. basis, a stepping, + phobos, fear]
basiphobia
(bā″sē-fō′bē-ă) [Gr. basis, a stepping, + phobos, fear]
Fear of walking.
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| Walking |
What is the Egyptian hawk headed god of light called? | Phobias dictionary definition | Phobias defined
See also attitudes ; behavior ; fear ; manias ; -phile, -philia, -phily ; psychology .
N.B.: noun forms end in -phobe and adjective forms end in -phobic, unless otherwise noted. acarophobia a fear of skin infestation by mites or ticks. achluophobia scotophobia. acidophobia an inability to accommodate to acid soils, as certain plants. acousticophobia an abnormal fear of noise. acrophobia an abnormal fear of heights. Also called altophobia, batophobia, hypsophobia. aelurophobia ailurophobia. aerophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of drafts. Cf. ancraophobia, anemophobia. agoraphobia an abnormal fear of being in crowded, public places, like markets. Cf. demophobia. agyrophobia an abnormal fear of crossing streets. Also dromophobia. aichmophobia an abnormal fear of pointed objects. ailurophobia an abnormal fear of cats. Also called gatophobia, felinophobia. albuminurophobia a fear of albumin in one’s urine as a sign of kidney disease. algophobia an extreme fear of pain. Cf. odynophobia. altophobia acrophobia. amathophobia an abnormal fear of dust. amaxophobia an abnormal fear of being or riding in vehicles. ancraophobia an abnormal fear of wind. Cf. aerophobia, anemophobia. androphobia 1. an abnormal fear of men. 2. a hatred of males. Cf. gynephobia. anemophobia an abnormal fear of drafts or winds. Cf. aerophobia, ancraophobia. anginophobia an abnormal fear of quinsy or other forms of sore throat. Anglophobia a hatred or fear of England and things English. anthophobia an abnormal fear of flowers. anthropophobia an abnormal fear of people, especially in groups. antlophobia an abnormal fear of floods. apeirophobia an abnormal fear of infinity. aphephobia an abnormal fear of touching or being touched. Also called haphephobia, haptephobia, thixophobia. apiphobia, apiophobia an intense fear of bees. Also called melissophobia. arachnephobia an abnormal fear of spiders. asthenophobia an abnormal fear of weakness. astraphobia an abnormal fear of lightning. Cf. brontophobia, keraunophobia. astrophobia siderophobia. ataxiophobia, ataxophobia an abnormal fear of disorder. atelophobia an abnormal fear of imperfection. atephobia an abnormal fear of ruin. aulophobia an abnormal fear of flutes. aurophobia an abnormal dislike of gold. automysophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of being dirty. Cf. misophobia. autophobia, autophoby an abnormal fear of being by oneself. Also called eremiophobia, eremophobia, monophobia. bacillophobia an abnormal fear of germs. Also called bacteriophobia. ballistophobia an abnormal fear of missiles. barophobia an abnormal fear of gravity. basiphobia in plants, an inability to accommodate to alkaline soils. bathmophobia an abnormal dislike or fear of walking. bathophobia 1. an abnormal fear of depth. 2. an intense dislike of bathing. batophobia 1. acrophobia. 2. an abnormal fear of passing high buildings. batrachophobia an abnormal fear of frogs and toads. belonephobia an abnormal fear of pins and needles. bibliophobia an abnormal dislike for books. blennophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of slime. Also called myxophobia. bogyphobia a dread of demons and goblins. bromidrosiphobia an abnormal fear of having an unpleasant body odor. brontophobia an abnormal fear of thunder and thunderstorms. Also called tonitrophobia. Cf. astraphobia, keraunophobia. cainophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of novelty. Also called cainotophobia, neophobia. carcinophobia an abnormal fear of cancer. Also called cancerophobia. cardiophobia an abnormal fear of heart disease. cathisophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of sitting down. catoptrophobia an abnormal fear of mirrors. Celtophobia an intense dislike of Celts. cenophobia, kenophobia an abnormal fear of a void or of open spaces. ceraunophobia keraunophobia. chaetophobia an abnormal fear of hair. cheimaphobia, cheimatophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of cold. Cf. cryophobia, psychrophobia. cherophobia an abnormal fear of gaiety. chinophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of snow. cholerophobia an intense fear of cholera. chrematophobia an intense fear or dislike of wealth. chrometophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of money. chromophobia an abnormal fear of colors. chronophobia an abnormal discomfort concerning time. cibophobia an abnormal fear of food. Also called sitophobia, sitiophobia. Cf. phagophobia. claustrophobia an abnormal fear of enclosed spaces. Also called cleistophobia. cleptophobia kleptophobia. clinophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of going to bed. coitophobia an abnormal fear of sexual intercourse. Also called genophobia. Cf. erotophobia. cometophobia an abnormal fear of cornets. computerphobia intense fear or dislike for computers and things associated with them. coprophobia an abnormal fear of excrement. cremnophobia an abnormal fear of precipices. cryophobia an abnormal fear of ice or f rost. Cf. cheimaphobia. crystallophobia an abnormal fear of glass. Also called hyalophobia. cymophobia an abnormal fear of waves. cynophobia 1. an intense dread of dogs. 2. kynophobia. cypridophobia an abnormal fear of venereal disease. Also called venereophobia. deipnophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of dining and dinner conversation. demonophobia an abnormal fear of spirits. demophobia an intense dislike of crowds. Cf. agoraphobia. dermatophobia an abnormal fear of skin disease. Also called dermatosiophobia, dermatopathophobia. dextrophobia an abnormal fear of objects on the right side of the body. Cf. levophobia. diabetophobia an intense fear of diabetes. dikephobia an abnormal fear or dislike of justice. dinophobia an abnormal fear of whirlpools. diplopiaphobia an abnormal fear of double vision. domatophobia an abnormal fear of being in a house. doraphobia an abnormal fear or dislike of fur. dromophobia 1. agyrophobia. 2. kinetophobia. dysmorphophobia an abnormal dread of deformity, usually in others. Also called dysmorphomania. ecclesiophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of church. ecophobia, oecophobia, oikophobia an abnormal fear of or aversion to home surroundings. eisoptrophobia an abnormal fear of mirrors. eleutherophobia an abnormal fear of freedom. elurophobia ailurophobia. emetophobia an abnormal fear of vomiting. enetophobia an abnormal fear of needles. entomophobia an abnormal fear of insects. eosophobia an abnormal fear of the dawn. eremiophobia, eremophobia autophobia. ergasiophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of work. ergophobia a hatred of work. erotophobia an abnormal fear of sexual feelings and their physical expression. Also called miserotica. Cf. coitophobia. erythrophobia 1. an abnormal fear of the color red. 2. an abnormal fear of blushing. eurotophobia an abnormal fear of female genitals. febriphobia an abnormal fear of fever. felinophobia ailurophobia. Francophobia, Callophobia a hatred of France or things French. galeophobia an abnormal fear of sharks. Gallophobia Francophobia. gamophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of marriage. gatophobia ailurophobia. genophobia coitophobia. gephyrophobia an abnormal fear of crossing a bridge. gerascophobia an abnormal fear of growing old. Germanophobia a hatred of Germany, or things German. Also called Teutophobia, Teutonophobia. geumophobia an abnormal fear of tastes or flavors. Cf. olfactophobia. glossophobia an abnormal fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak. graphophobia a dislike of writing. gringophobia in Spain or Latin America, an intense dislike of white strangers. gymnophobia an abnormal fear of nudity. Also called nudophobia. gynephobia , gynophobia an abnormal fear or hatred of women. Cf. androphobia, parthenophobia. hadephobia an abnormal fear of heil. Also called stygiophobia. haemaphobia hemophobia. hagiophobia an intense dislike for saints and the holy. hamartophobia an abnormal fear of error or sin. haphephobia, haphophobia, haptephobia, haptophobia aphephobia. Also called thixophobia. harpaxophobia an abnormal fear of robbers. Cf. kleptophobia. hedonophobia an abnormal fear of pleasure. heliophobia 1. an abnormal sensitivity to the effects of sunlight. 2. an abnormal fear of sunlight. helminthophobia an abnormal fear of being infested with worms. Cf. scoleciphobia. hemophobia an abnormal fear of the sight of blood. Also called hematophobia. herpetophobia an abnormal fear of reptiles. Cf. ophidiophobia. hierophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of sacred objects. hippophobia an abnormal fear of horses. hodophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of travel. homichlophobia an abnormal fear of fog. homilophobia a hatred for sermons. homophobia fear of or apprehension about homosexuality. Cf. uranophobia. hyalophobia crystallophobia. hydrophobia 1. an abnormal fear of water. 2. the occurrence in humans of rabies. Also called lyssa. hydrophobophobia an abnormal fear of rabies. Also called lyssophobia. Cf. kynophobia. hygrophobia an abnormal fear of liquids in any form, especially wine and water. hylephobia an intense dislike for wood or woods. hypengyophobia an abnormal fear of responsibility. Cf. paralipophobia. hypnophobia an abnormal fear of sleep. hypsophobia, hypsiphobia acrophobia. iatrophobia an abnormal fear of going to the doctor. ichthyophobia an abnormal fear of fish. iophobia an abnormal fear of poisons. Cf. toxiphobia. isopterophobia an abnormal fear of termites. Judophobism, Judophobia a hatred of Jews and of Jewish culture. Also called Judaeophobia. kakorrhaphiophobia an abnormal fear of failure or defeat. katagelophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of ridicule. keraunophobia, ceraunophobia an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning. Cf. astraphobia, brontophobia. kinetophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of motion. Also called dromophobia. kleptophobia, cleptophobia an abnormal fear of thieves or of loss through thievery. Cf. harpaxophobia. kopophobia an abnormal fear of mental or physical examination. cynophobia an abnormal fear of pseudorabies. Cf. hydrophobophobia. laliophobia, lalophobia an abnormal fear of talking. lepraphobia an abnormal fear of leprosy. levophobia an abnormal fear of objects on the left side of the body. Cf. dextrophobia. Iimnophobia an abnormal fear of lakes. linonophobia an abnormal fear of string. logophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of words. lyssophobia 1. an abnormal fear of becoming insane. 2. hydrophobophobia. maieusiophobia tocophobia. maniaphobia an abnormal fear of madness. mastigophobia rhabdophobia. mechanophobia an abnormal aversion to or fear of machinery. melissophobia apiphobia. meningitophobia an abnormal fear of meningitis. merinthophobia an abnormal fear of being bound. metallophobia an abnormal fear of metals. meteorophobia an abnormal fear of meteors or meteorites. mysophobia an abnormal fear of dirt, especially of being contaminated by dirt. Cf. automysophobia, rhypophobia. molysomophobia an abnormal fear of infection. monopathophobia an abnormal fear of sickness in a specified part of the body monophobia autophobia. motorphobia an abnormal fear or dislike of motor vehicles. musicophobia an intense dislike of music. musophobia 1. an abnormal fear of mice. 2. misophobia. mysophobia misophobia. mythophobia an abnormal fear of making false statements. myxophobia blennophobia. necrophobia 1. Also called thanatophobia. an abnormal fear of death. 2. an abnormal fear of corpses. Negrophobia a strong dislike or fear of Negroes. neophobia cainophobia. nephophobia an abnormal fear of clouds. noctiphobia an abnormal fear of the night. Cf. nyctophobia. nosophobia an abnormal fear of contracting disease. nudophobia, nudiphobia gymnophobia. nyctophobia an abnormal fear of darkness or night. Cf. noctiphobia. ochlophobia an abnormal fear of crowds. ochophobia an abnormal fear of vehicles. odontophobia an abnormal fear of teeth, especially those of animals. odynophobia an abnormal fear of pain. Cf. algophobia. oenophobia, oinophobia a dislike of or hatred for wine. olfactophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of smells. Also called osmophobia, osphresiophobia. Cf. geumophobia. ombrophobia an abnormal fear of rain. ommatophobia an abnormal fear of eyes. onomatophobia an abnormal fear of a certain name. ophidiophobia an abnormal fear of snakes. Also called ophiophobia. Cf. herpetophobia. ornithophobia an abnormal fear of birds. osmophobia olfactophobia. osphresiophobia olfactophobia. ouranophobia uranophobia. paedophobia pedophobia. panophobia 1. a nonspecific fear; a state of general anxiety. 2. an abnormal fear of everything. Also panphobia, pantaphobia, pantophobia. papaphobia an intense fear or dislike of the pope or the papacy. paralipophobia an abnormal fear of neglect of some duty. Cf. hypengyophobia. paraphobia an abnormal fear of sexual perversion. parasitophobia an abnormal fear of parasites. parthenophobia an extreme aversion to young girls. Cf. gynephobia. pathophobia an abnormal fear of disease. peccatiphobia, peccatophobia an abnormal fear of sinning. pediculophobia an abnormal fear of lice. Also called phthiriophobia. pedophobia, paedophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of dolls. pellagraphobia an abnormal fear of catching pellagra. peniaphobia an abnormal fear of poverty. phagophobia an abnormal fear of eating. Cf. cibophobia. pharmacophobia an abnormal fear of drugs. phasmophobia an abnormal fear of ghosts. Cf. pneumatophobia, spectrophobia. phengophobia an abnormal fear of daylight. philosophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of philosophy or philosophers. phobophobia an abnormal fear of fear itself. phonophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of noise. photalgiophobia an abnormal fear of photalgia, pain in the eyes caused by light. photophobia 1. an abnormal fear of light. 2. a painful sensitivity to light, especially visually. Also called photodysphoria. 3. a tendency to thrive in reduced light, as exhibited by certain plants. phronemophobia an abnormal fear of thinking. phthiriophobia pediculophobia. phthisiophobia an abnormal fear of tuberculosis. Also called tuberculophobia. pneumatophobia an abnormal fear of incorporeal beings. Cf. phasmophobia, spectrophobia. pnigophobia an abnormal fear of choking. pogonophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of beards. poinephobia an abnormal fear of punishment. politicophobia a dislike or fear of politicians. polyphobia an abnormal fear of many things. Cf. panophobia, def. 2. ponophobia an abnormal fear of fatigue, especially through overworking. potamophobia a morbid fear of rivers. proctophobia Medicine. a mental apprehension in patients with a rectal disease. proteinphobia a strong aversion to protein foods. psychophobia an abnormal fear of the mind. psychrophobia an abnormal fear of the cold. Cf. cheimaphobia. pteronophobia an abnormal fear of feathers. pyrexiophobia an abnormal fear of fever. Cf. thermophobia. pyrophobia an abnormal fear of fire. rhabdophobia 1. an abnormal fear of being beaten. 2. an abnormal fear of magic. rhypophobia an abnormal fear of filth. Cf. misophobia. Russophobism, Russophobia an excessive fear or dislike of Russians and things Russian. Satanophobia an excessive fear of Satan. scabiophobia an abnormal fear of scabies. scatophobia 1. coprophobia. 2. an abnormal dread of using obscene language. sciophobia an abnormal fear of shadows. scoleciphobia an abnormal fear of worms. Also called vermiphobia. Cf. helminthophobia. scopophobia an abnormal fear of being looked at. Also scoptophobia. scotophobia an abnormal fear of the dark. Also called achluophobia. selaphobia an abnormal fear or dislike of flashes of light. siderodromophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of railroads or of traveling on trains. siderophobia an abnormal fear of the stars. Also called astrophobia. sitophobia cibophobia. Slavophobia fear or hatred of things Slavic, especially of their real or imagined political influence. spectrophobia an abnormal fear of specters or phantoms. Cf. phasmophobia, pneumatophobia. stasibasiphobia 1. an abnormal conviction that one cannot stand or walk. 2. an abnormal fear of attempting to do either. stygiophobia hadephobia. symmetrophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of symmetry. syphiliphobia, syphilophobia an abnormal fear of becoming infected with syphilis. Cf. cypridophobia. tabophobia an abnormal fear of a wasting sickness. tachophobia an abnormal fear of speed. taphephobia, taphiphobia, taphophobia an abnormal fear of being buried alive. tapinophobia an abnormal fear of small things. taurophobia an abnormal fear of bulls. teleophobia a dislike and rejection of teleology. telephonophobia an abnormal fear of using the telephone. teratophobia an abnormal fear of monsters or of giving birth to a monster. Teutophobia, Teutonophobia Germanophobia. thaasophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of being idle. thalassophobia an abnormal fear of the sea. thanatophobia necrophobia, def. 1. theatrophobia an abnormal fear of theaters. theophobia an abnormal fear of God. thermophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of heat. Cf. pyrexiophobia. thixophobia aphephobia. tocophobia, tokophobia an abnormal fear of childbirth. Also called maieusiophobia. tomophobia an abnormal fear of surgical operations. tonitrophobia, tonitruphobia brontophobia. topophobia Rare. an abnormal fear of certain places. toxiphobia, toxicophobia an abnormal fear of being poisoned. Cf. iophobia. traumatophobia an excessive or disabling fear of war or physical injury. tremophobia an abnormal fear of trembling. trichinophobia an abnormal fear of trichinosis. Also called trichophobia, trichopathophobia. tridecaphobia triskaidekaphobia. triskaidekaphobia an abnormal fear of the number 13. Also called tridecaphobia. trypanophobia vaccinophobia. tuberculophobia phthisiophobia. tyrannophobia an intense fear or hatred of tyrants. uranophobia 1. an abnormal fear of homosexuals and homosexuality. Also homophobia. 2. an abnormal fear of the heavens. Also called ouranophobia. urophobia an abnormal fear of passing urine. vaccinophobia an abnormal fear of vaccines and vaccination. Also called trypanophobia. venereophobia cypridophobia. vermiphobia scoleciphobia. xenophobia an abnormal fear or hatred of foreigners and strange things. xerophobia an abnormal fear of dryness and dry places, like deserts. zelophobia an abnormal fear of jealousy. zoophobia an abnormal fear or dislike of animals.
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What is the western terminus of the West Highland Railway line in Scotland? | The West Highland Line | Guide to Britain's most scenic train journey
Britain's most scenic train route...
The West Highland Line . . .
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The World's Best Train Ride?
A few years ago, the Wanderlust Travel Awards included a new category, Best Rail Journey. So who won? The train to Machu Picchu in Peru? Through the Alps in Switzerland? Across the Rockies in Canada? No. Right on our doorstep, readers of Wanderlust Magazine voted for the wonderful West Highland Line from Glasgow to Fort William & Mallaig in Scotland as the world's best train journey. Rightly so, as the West Highland Line is not only the most scenic train route in Britain, it's one of my favourite journeys anywhere. This page explains what there is to see on the West Highland Line, and how to plan and book a journey on it. You can also travel on the West Highland Line on a daily summer steam train , or even on a luxury cruise train .
Where does the West Highland Line go? Click for map of UK rail network
The West Highland Line runs from Glasgow to Fort William, the largest town in the West Highlands of Scotland, and onwards to Mallaig, a tiny fishing port and terminal for the ferry to Armadale on the Isle of Skye. Most of the line is a twisting single track railway through fabulous Highland scenery, often miles from the nearest road. There's also a branch to Oban, the ferry terminal for various other Scottish islands. Just 3 ScotRail sprinter trains a day link Glasgow Queen Street with Fort William & Mallaig, fewer on Sundays, in addition to the London-Fort William sleeper - see www.nationalrail.co.uk for times & fares. It's not fast, taking 3h45 for the 123 miles from Glasgow to Fort William or 5h15 for the 164 miles from Glasgow to Mallaig, stopping at all wayside stations.
A magical winter ride on the West Highland Line ... Click for practical information
These photos were taken on a magical winter morning from the London to Fort William Caledonian Sleeper . Compare them with the magical summer's evening journey from Fort William to London shown on the Deerstalker page .
Tip: From Glasgow to Fort William, sit on the left-hand side for the best views northbound, right hand side southbound.
Departure from Glasgow... The West Highland Line starts at Glasgow Queen Street, passing through the Glaswegian suburbs towards Helensburgh. You run along the shores of Loch Lomond (on the right-hand side of the train) towards Ardlui station. Next stop, Crianlarich, where the line to Oban branches off.
After Crianlarich comes Upper Tyndrum (pictured above right), high up on the hillside above the village, with Tyndrum Lower on the steadily diverging line to Oban in the valley below. The tiny village of Tyndrum is the smallest place in Britain with two separate stations.
The Horseshoe curve... North of Tyndrum, the railway builders hadn't the money for a viaduct across the mouth of a broad valley. The result is the famous 'horseshoe curve', where the line enters, circles & leaves the glen at the foot of Beinn Dorain (pictured above, 3524 feet), Beinn a' Chaiseil (2897 feet) & Beinn Odhar (2948 feet).
The Horseshoe curve again, looking backward (above left) and forwards (above right)
Stags, seen from the train...
Rannoch station...
Rannoch Moor... The bleakest part of the line, where the railway is 'floated' across the peat bog on layers of turf and brushwood without solid foundations. Here, the train is crossing the short viaduct north of Rannoch station.
The bleakness of Rannoch Moor in winter...
Corrour... If Rannoch is remote, Corrour station is even more so. Probably Britain's most remote station, it's miles from anywhere accessed by a mere track. The station featured in the 1996 film 'Trainspotting'. Just north of Corrour station is the summit of the line, 1,350 feet above sea level.
Looking back at Corrour, Britain's most remote station...
Loch Treig... For several miles the train passes beautiful Loch Treig. The West Highland Line still has jointed rails, not welded rails, and the train's wheels clickety-clack along...
Tulloch station...
Monessie Gorge... After Tulloch station, look out for the pretty Monessie Gorge on the left, where the railway is built on a ledge along a rocky canyon with the river bubbling along below.
Fort William, 123 miles from Glasgow... A modern station built in 1975, the railway originally extended along what is now the ring-road to a station off the high street.
Climbing Ben Nevis... Fort William station is only 10 minutes walk from the bottom of the tourist track up Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain, 4,409 feet or 1,344m. It takes 3�-5� hours to climb, 1�-2� to descend. Climbing Ben Nevis by the tourist track .
Fort William to Mallaig ...
Fort William is the largest town on the West Highland Line and the sleeper from London terminates there. But the West Highland Line extends further north to the fishing port & ferry terminal of Mallaig, and many people regard this as the nicest section of the route. Mallaig is the ferry terminal for the Isle of Skye and several Scottish islands. Four ScotRail sprinter trains a day link Fort William & Mallaig in each direction (one on Sundays), taking about 90 minutes - most run direct to and from Glasgow. On this section, the left-hand side of the train gets most of the best views going north, right-hand side going south, including views round the curve onto Glenfinnan viaduct - but if travelling to or from Glasgow, remember the train changes direction at Fort William which is a terminus, so you'll have to switch sides there!
Departure from Fort William... Settle into your seat on the ScotRail sprinter train for the 1� hour, 41-mile journey to the end of the line at Mallaig.
Old Inverlochy Castle... Soon after leaving Ft William, look out for the ruins of Old Inverlochy Castle on the right just before crossing the River Lochy.
Neptune's Staircase... At Banavie, the first stop, look to the right to see Neptune's Staircase, the series of locks on the Caledonian Canal across Scotland ...
Loch Eil... For some miles the train runs along the banks of saltwater Lock Eil. This is the view looking back from Banavie towards Fort William and Ben Nevis .
Glenfinnan Viaduct... Just before Glenfinnan station, the train crosses Glenfinnan viaduct as featured in the Harry Potter films. Built by contractor Robert McAlpine in 1901, it was one of the first rail viaducts to be built of concrete. During construction, the story goes that a horse backed up a wagon to pour rubble into one of the hollow piers. It backed too far, toppled backwards into the pier, and was sealed up. The story was vindicated a few years ago, but on another viaduct, when maintenance staff using X-ray equipment found the skeleton of a horse in one of the piers of the Loch Nan Uamh viaduct. The best views at Glenfinnan are on the left hand side of the train.
Glenfinnan & Loch Shiel... Down at the side of Loch Shiel, a monument commemorates Bonnie Prince Charlie raising his standard here in August 1745.
Glenfinnan Station... Check out the station museum ( www.glenfinnanstationmuseum.co.uk ). It even has accommodation in converted 1950s railway carriages...
Lock Eilt. The train runs along what is perhaps the most picturesque loch on the route, with several tree-strewn islands like this. The best views here are on the right-hand side of the train.
Church of Our Lady of the Braes. Just after Lochailort station you might glimpse this church on the left. It featured in the 1983 film 'Local Hero'. Church services ceased in 1964.
The train meets the sea at Arisaig then Morar, on the left hand side. The sandy beaches at Polnish & near Morar were used in the films 'Local Hero' and 'Highlander'.
Arisaig, the most westerly railway station in Britain. You didn't think that would be in Cornwall, now, did you? Above right, the train approaches Mallaig.
Mallaig is journey's end, 164 miles from Glasgow. For accommodation, try The Moorings B&B or the West Highland Hotel . For food, try the locally-caught haddock & chips at the Fishmarket restaurant on main street, or the wonderful langoustines & Mussels at either The Cabin restaurant or the Steam Inn near the corner of Main Street & Davies Brae.
Ferry to Skye & the islands. Mallaig is the ferry terminal for ferries to Skye (Armadale), also the Scottish islands of Muck, Eigg and Rum. For ferry information, see www.calmac.co.uk .
A brief history of the West Highland Line ...
Tiring of the 50-mile trek to the railhead of Kingussie on the Highland Line to Inverness, the citizens of Fort William decided they must have their own railway, and construction started in 1889. It was not an easy railway to build, across remote and difficult regions of the Scottish highlands. Lack of money meant the line featured many steep gradients and sharp curves as more direct alignments would have meant expensive viaducts & cuttings. The first trains linked Glasgow with Fort William in August 1894.
The next step was an extension to the sea, to serve the fishing industry on the west coast. A plan to serve Roshven was blocked by a local landowner, so Mallaig was chosen instead. However, the extension became something of a political football and the Mallaig Extension wasn't opened until 1901.
The separate branch line to Oban wasn't originally part of the Glasgow-Fort William-Mallaig line at all, it had its own route from Glasgow via Callander, opened in1880 and operated by the rival Caledonian Railway. This passed under the Glasgow-Fort William line just north of Crianlarich, and you can just make out the old track-bed today from the train to Fort William. The line from Glasgow via Callander was closed during the Beeching cuts in the 1960s, and trains between Glasgow and Oban diverted to share the line to Crianlarich with the Fort William trains.
For more information, buy a copy of the excellent Iron Road to the Isles by Michael Pearson , �4.99. This has a route map and blow-by-blow account of what you can see from the train along the route, plus information about the history of the line. Highly recommended!
Train times, fares & how to buy tickets ...
London to Fort William by sleeper: The northbound Caledonian Sleeper leaves London Euston at 21:15 every night except Saturday night, arriving Fort William at 09:55 next morning. Fares from around �85 each way per person in a 2-berth sleeper. The southbound sleeper leaves Fort William at 19:50 on Mondays-Fridays, 19:00 on Sundays, arriving at London Euston around 07:47 next morning. Friday nights are busiest, mid-week nights quieter so you're more likely to find the cheapest tickets. See the Caledonian Sleeper page for more information & online booking .
From elsewhere in Britain to Fort William & Mallaig: You can travel by daytime trains from almost anywhere in Britain to Fort William & Mallaig via Glasgow, use any train operator website to buy with no added booking fees, for example www.virgintrains.co.uk .
The West Highland Line itself, Glasgow-Fort William-Mallaig: Three trains a day (just one on Sundays) link Glasgow's Queen Street station with Fort William & Mallaig over the West Highland Line all year round, with an additional fourth train between Fort William & Mallaig. The whole West Highland Line can be done as a day trip from Glasgow on Mondays-Saturdays, leaving at around 08:21, with 2� hours in Mallaig, returning to Glasgow by 21:30. But it's better to spend a couple of days exploring... A period return from Glasgow to Mallaig costs around �62.60 Anytime or �58 Off-peak, although advance-purchase fares (no refunds, no changes to travel plans) start at just �5 each way. To check trains times & fares, see www.nationalrail.co.uk or www.virgintrains.co.uk . In addition to the regular ScotRail trains, you'll find a Jacobite steam-hauled train from Ft William to Mallaig in the summer, see www.westcoastrailways.co.uk , and a new weekend Edinburgh-Ft William charter train out on Saturday mornings in July & August, back on Sunday afternoons, see www.whestrail.co.uk for details.
The Jacobite steam train Fort William to Mallaig : www.westcoastrailways.co.uk
During the summer months you can take a daily steam train between Fort William & Mallaig. It runs Monday-Friday from mid May to early October, also on Saturdays & Sundays from late June to late August, leaving Fort William around 10:15, arriving Mallaig at 12:25. It departs again from Mallaig at 14:10, arrives Fort William about 16:00.
Special fares apply, around �30 one-way, �35 day return (ordinary rail tickets are not valid).
You travel in British Railways 1950s Mark 1 carriages, with opening door droplights and window ventilators that make photography easier than through modern trains' sealed windows. You may be hauled by one of several possible vintage steam locomotives - although on my own trip on the Jacobite the train was pulled by a diesel as both available steam locomotives had broken down!
For more information & online booking see www.westcoastrailways.co.uk . A limited number of tickets may be available for buying on the day of travel at the station, but it's best to pre-book as this train is very popular. Harry Potter fans will find it a real Hogwarts Express experience, too, over the Glenfinnan Viaduct featuring in the Harry Potter films.
You can add a one-hour wildlife cruise from Mallaig in summer between the Jacobite arrival and departure times, see www.westernislescruises.co.uk .
Ferry & bus connections
Ferries from Mallaig to Skye (Armadale), Canna, Eigg, Muck & Rum: www.calmac.co.uk . The Mallaig-Armadale ferry sails up to 8 times a day, crossing time 30 minutes, fare �2.80 each way or �5.60 for a 5-day return.
Buses from Armadale to Broadford, Portree & other towns on Skye: www.stagecoachbus.com . Several buses daily Mondays-Saturdays, but no service on Sundays. Change at Broadford for another bus over the new(ish) & controversial Skye Bridge to Kyle of Lochalsh. You can then take another great Scottish scenic train ride, the Kyle of Lochalsh to Inverness line, then take mainline trains from Inverness back south. This makes a great circuit of the Highlands, if you can work out the buses.
Local ferry from Mallaig to Inverie, on the Knoydart peninsula: www.knoydartferry.com . A local ferry sails from Mallaig along the coast to Inverie, a remote settlement unreachable by road, see website for sailing times. This makes a great day trip, visiting Britain's most remote pub, The Old Forge, www.theoldforge.co.uk .
Wildlife cruises from Mallaig, see www.westernislescruises.co.uk for days, times & prices.
Local area, food, hotels & accommodation ...
www.road-to-the-isles.org.uk is one of the best resources for information about the towns & villages on the Fort William-Mallaig-Skye 'Road to the Isles', for finding accommodation, local attractions & things to do.
In Fort William, there are many B&Bs and hotels. If you feel like pushing the boat out, there's the famous & luxurious Inverlochy Castle Hotel , originally the family home of the Baron Abingers from its construction in 1863 until 1969. It won 'Scottish Hotel of the Year' 2008, double rooms from �380 a night. It's 4 miles from Fort William town centre, but they'll send a courtesy car to pick you up from the station. For something less expensive but still comfortable, the venerable Alexandra Hotel is just across the ring road from the railway station.
In Glenfinnan, there's the Glenfinnan Seeping-car right next to the station, 1950s carriages turning into unique accommodation. Or the Glenfinnan House Hotel, www.glenfinnanhouse.com .
In Mallaig, there are a number of B&Bs (try The Moorings , highly recommended) or there's the West Highland Hotel (closed November-March). The Marine Hotel is right next to the station in the middle of Mallaig. Great location, and (unintentionally, no doubt!) something of a 1970s theme experience. For food, The Fish Market ( www.thefishmarketrestaurant.co.uk ) is well known for its excellent fish & chips, or try the equally excellent Steam Inn for fresh mussels & langoustines as well as good beer.
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Which science is the study of the origin of the Universe? | West Highland Line | UK Transport Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
Template:West Highland Line
The West Highland Line ( Template:Lang-gd - "Railway to the Isles") is considered the most scenic railway line in Britain, linking the ports of Mallaig and Oban on the west coast of Scotland to Glasgow . The line was voted the top rail journey in the world by readers of independent travel magazine Wanderlust in 2009, ahead of the iconic Trans-Siberian and the Cuzco to Machu Picchu line in Peru. [2] [3] [4] The ScotRail website has since reported that the line has been voted the most scenic railway line in the world for the second year running.
Passenger services on the line are operated by First ScotRail : three daily return services between Glasgow Queen Street and Mallaig/Oban, and one nightly (except Saturdays) Caledonian Sleeper service between London Euston and Fort William .
During the summer season a steam locomotive -hauled daily return service between Fort William and Mallaig known as "The Jacobite" is operated by West Coast Railways .
Onward ferry connections operated by Caledonian MacBrayne are available from Mallaig to the Isle of Skye , to the small isles of Rùm , Eigg , Muck , and Canna , and to Inverie on the Knoydart peninsula . From Oban ferries sail to the islands of Lismore , Colonsay , Coll , Tiree , Mull , Barra and South Uist .
The West Highland Line is one of two railway lines which access the remote and mountainous west coast of Scotland, the other being the Kyle of Lochalsh Line which connects Inverness with Kyle of Lochalsh . The line is the westernmost railway line in Great Britain.
Contents
Crianlarich to Oban - Callander and Oban Railway , operated by the Caledonian Railway .
Route description
Edit
Since the great improvements to Scottish trunk roads in the 1980s, the train journey can take significantly longer than the equivalent road journey. This is because of the tremendous amount of make up time in the schedule along with the poor scheduling of stopping trains in front of this express train on the North Clyde line, while 15 minutes are given to divide the train in Crianlarich. The line takes a circuitous route that brings it into Fort William from the north-east. The line is single track throughout and trains must wait at stations with crossing loops for opposite direction trains to pass. Over much of the Rannoch Moor section the speed limit is 60 mph for the Sprinter and 70 mph on the approach to Rannoch station. The Caledonian Sleeper on the other hand only does 40 mph maximum, slowing down for a number of bridges on the route due to the heavy weight of the Class 67 locomotive which hauls the train.
File:Oban Railway Station.jpg
Shortly after leaving Queen Street station in Glasgow, and beyond Queen Street Tunnel, the line follows a northwesterly course through the suburbs of Maryhill and Kelvindale . Between Westerton and Dumbarton , the route is shared with the North Clyde Line before branching northward at Craigendoran Junction towards Garelochhead , the section where the West Highland Line is generally accepted to "begin proper". It gives high-level views of the Gareloch and Loch Long before emerging alongside the northwesterly shores of Loch Lomond , then climbs Glen Falloch . Significant points on the journey include Crianlarich , an important Highland junction of both road and rail, and Tyndrum , the smallest place in Scotland to boast two railway stations.
File:Bridge of Orchy Station 1899197 506f4624.jpg
After Bridge of Orchy, the line climbs onto Rannoch Moor , past the former crossing point at Gorton Crossing to Rannoch station. In winter, the moor is often covered with snow, and the deer may be seen running from the approaching train. The station at Corrour on the moor is one of the most remote stations in Britain and is not accessible by any public roads. This is the summit of the line at 410 m (1347 ft) above sea level. Carrying on northwards, the line descends above the shores of Loch Treig and through the narrow Monessie Gorge. The final stop before Fort William is Spean Bridge . The section between Fort William and Mallaig passes over the Glenfinnan Viaduct , through Arisaig with its views of the Small Isles of Rùm , Eigg , Muck and Canna , and the white sands of Morar before coming to Mallaig itself.
The diverging route at Crianlarich runs through Glen Lochy to Dalmally and through the Pass of Brander to reach salt water at Taynuilt and Connel Ferry before a final climb over a hill to Oban .
With the exception of the route between Glasgow Queen Street and Helensburgh Upper, and the short section between Fort William Junction and Fort William station, the railway is signalled using the Radio Electronic Token Block , controlled from the signal box at Banavie station .
Some notable railway-related features
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Jacksonville is the largest city by population in which American state? | Single-family new house construction building permits:
1997: 3483 buildings, average cost: $111,100
1998: 3796 buildings, average cost: $110,500
1999: 3878 buildings, average cost: $119,800
2000: 3497 buildings, average cost: $114,700
2001: 4832 buildings, average cost: $120,300
2002: 5397 buildings, average cost: $122,700
2003: 5766 buildings, average cost: $126,700
2004: 6067 buildings, average cost: $138,800
2005: 8175 buildings, average cost: $152,600
2006: 6291 buildings, average cost: $157,400
2007: 3449 buildings, average cost: $159,100
2008: 2592 buildings, average cost: $173,500
2009: 1467 buildings, average cost: $179,500
2010: 1397 buildings, average cost: $175,800
2011: 957 buildings, average cost: $181,500
2012: 1310 buildings, average cost: $192,500
Number of permits per 10,000 residents
Average cost (in $1000s)
Latitude: 30.32 N, Longitude: 81.66 W
Jacksonville nicknames or aliases (official or unofficial): Jax, Where Florida Begins, Bold New City of the South
Daytime population change due to commuting: +77,547 (+9.2%)
Workers who live and work in this city: 350,221 (90.8%)
Area code: 904
Average climate in Jacksonville, Florida
Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations
Tornado activity:
Jacksonville-area historical tornado activity is slightly below Florida state average. It is 25% smaller than the overall U.S. average.
On 2/7/1971, a category F3 (max. wind speeds 158-206 mph) tornado 29.7 miles away from the Jacksonville city center caused between $50,000 and $500,000 in damages.
On 2/2/1996, a category F2 (max. wind speeds 113-157 mph) tornado 3.6 miles away from the city center caused $3 million in damages.
Earthquake activity:
Jacksonville-area historical earthquake activity is slightly above Florida state average. It is 95% smaller than the overall U.S. average.
On 9/10/2006 at 14:56:08, a magnitude 5.9 (5.9 MB, 5.5 MS, 5.8 MW, Depth: 8.7 mi, Class: Moderate, Intensity: VI - VII) earthquake occurred 413.3 miles away from the city center
On 11/22/1974 at 05:25:55, a magnitude 4.7 (4.7 MB, Class: Light, Intensity: IV - V) earthquake occurred 199.6 miles away from Jacksonville center
On 8/2/1974 at 08:52:09, a magnitude 4.9 (4.3 MB, 4.9 LG) earthquake occurred 250.5 miles away from the city center
On 11/11/2002 at 23:39:29, a magnitude 4.4 (4.0 MB, 4.4 LG, Depth: 1.5 mi) earthquake occurred 176.5 miles away from the city center
On 8/21/1992 at 16:31:55, a magnitude 4.4 (4.1 MB, 4.1 LG, 4.4 LG, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 209.6 miles away from Jacksonville center
On 10/24/1997 at 08:35:17, a magnitude 4.9 (4.8 MB, 4.2 MS, 4.9 LG, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 338.3 miles away from the city center
Magnitude types: regional Lg-wave magnitude (LG), body-wave magnitude (MB), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)
Natural disasters:
The number of natural disasters in Duval County (18) is greater than the US average (12).
Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 12
Emergencies Declared: 4
Causes of natural disasters: Hurricanes: 8, Fires: 4, Floods: 3, Tornadoes: 3, Tropical Storms: 3, Storms: 2, Freeze: 1, Wind: 1 (Note: Some incidents may be assigned to more than one category).
Birthplace of: Bob Hayes - (1942-2002), athlete, Jack Youngblood - College football player, Travis Tomko - Professional wrestler, Stetson Kennedy - Author, Sable (wrestler) - Professional wrestler, Mike Miranda (BMX rider) - Bicycle motocross rider, Angela Corey - Lawyer, Derek Trucks - Blues musician, Elijah Burke - Professional wrestler, Elizabeth Edwards - Deceased wife of John Edwards.
Medal of Honor Recipients
Medal of Honor Recipient born in Jacksonville: Thomas R. Norris.
Main business address for: ARMOR HOLDINGS INC (ORTHOPEDIC, PROSTHETIC & SURGICAL APPLIANCES & SUPPLIES), TRAILER BRIDGE INC (TRUCKING (NO LOCAL)), REGENCY CENTERS LP (REAL ESTATE), RAYONIER INC (REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS), PARKERVISION INC (RADIO & TV BROADCASTING & COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT), INTERLINE BRANDS, INC./DE (WHOLESALE-HARDWARE & PLUMBING & HEATING EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES), CSX TRANSPORTATION INC (RAILROADS, LINE-HAUL OPERATING), MPS GROUP INC (SERVICES-HELP SUPPLY SERVICES) and 15 other public companies.
Hospitals in Jacksonville:
Click to draw/clear city borders
Notable locations in Jacksonville: Pavilion Plaza (A), Oaks Plaza (B), Camp Wil-le-ma (C), High Point Country Club (D), Hidden Lakes Golf Course (E), Hidden Hills Golf Course (F), Hibiscus Golf Club (G), Herons Glen Championship Golf and Country Club (H), Heritage Ridge Golf Club (I), Hawks Nest Golf Club (J), Hawks Landing Golf Course (K), Harbor City Municipal Golf Course (L), Hamlet Golf Course (M), Haile Plantation Golf and Country Club (N), Grey Oaks Golf and Country Club (O), Grenelefe Golf and Tennis Resort (P), Greenview Cove Golf Course (Q), Great Outdoors Recreational Vehicle and Golf Resort (R), House of Reptiles (S), Murray Hill Art Center (T). Display/hide their locations on the map
Shopping Centers: Windsor Commons Shopping Center (1), University Mall (2), The Avenues Mall (3), Venetia Village Shopping Center (4), Mandarin South Shopping Center (5), Mandarin Corners Shopping Center (6), Mandarin Landing Shopping Center (7), Mandarin Pointe Shopping Center (8), Crossroads Shopping Center (9). Display/hide their locations on the map
Main business address in Jacksonville include: TRAILER BRIDGE INC (A), REGENCY CENTERS LP (B), RAYONIER INC (C), PARKERVISION INC (D), INTERLINE BRANDS, INC./DE (E), CSX TRANSPORTATION INC (F), MPS GROUP INC (G). Display/hide their locations on the map
Churches in Jacksonville include: Anniston Road Church (A), Arlington Alliance Church (B), Atonement Church (C), Church of the Redeemer (D), Barford Church (E), Bethel Church (F), New Beginning Ministries of Jacksonville (G), New Berlin Road Baptist Church (H), New Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (I). Display/hide their locations on the map
Cemeteries: Whitker Cemetery (1), Manning Cemetery (2), Deese Cemetery (3), Potters Field (4), Dunn Creek Cemetery (5), Rain Cemetery (6), Westview Cemetery (7). Display/hide their locations on the map
Lakes, reservoirs, and swamps: Lake Tresca (A), Southern Pond (B), Turner Pond (C), Lake Narcissus (D), Casa Linda Lake (E), Pleasant Point Lake (F), Round Pond (G), Lake Effie (H). Display/hide their locations on the map
Streams, rivers, and creeks: Oldfield Creek (A), Saint Johns River (B), Pablo Creek (C), Little Fishweir Creek (D), Mink Creek (E), Julington Creek (F), Durbin Creek (G), Clapboard Creek (H), Christopher Creek (I). Display/hide their locations on the map
Parks in Jacksonville include: Arques Park (1), Lackawanna Park (2), Kooker Park (3), Jennings Park (4), James Park (5), Jacksonville Heights Park (6), Hollybrook Park (7), Highlands Park (8), Hemming Park (9). Display/hide their locations on the map
Tourist attractions: Brown Museum of Art (335 West 8th Street) (1), Cummer Museum of Art & Gardens (829 Riverside Avenue) (2), Nature's Botanica Boutique (Botanical Gardens; 5853 University Boulevard West) (3), Crosby J Ellis Jr LBR (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 6196 Lake Gray Boulevard) (4), Jacksonville Maritime Museum Society Inc (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 1015 Museum Circle) (5), Fish Mania (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 11757 Beach Boulevard Suite 1) (6), Museum of Science and History (Planetariums; 1025 Museum Circle) (7), Mike S Aquatics (Aquariums; 5277 Royce Avenue) (8), Hands On Childrens Museum (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 8580 Beach Boulevard) (9). Display/hide their approximate locations on the map
Hotels: Civista Inn (1055 Golfair Boulevard) (1), Best Western Baldwin Inn (1088 USHighway 301 South) (2), City Center Motel (2414 Phillips Highway) (3), Best Western Hotel JTB South (4660 Salisbury Road) (4), Budget Inn (6545 Ramona Boulevard) (5), Classic Inn (4903 West Highway 98) (6), Adam's Mark Hotel (225 E Coastline Dr) (7), CANDLEWOOD SUITES (4990 Belfort Road) (8), Airport Motor Inn (1500 Airport Road) (9). Display/hide their approximate locations on the map
Courts: U S Government - United States Tax Court- United States Courthouse- Court Off (300 North Hogan Street) (1), U S Government - United States Courts- United States Bankruptcy Court- Office Of The C (300 North Hogan Street) (2), Brown Corrine Congress Mbr (101 Union Street East) (3), U S Government - National Labor Relations Board (500 Water Street) (4), U S Government - United States Courts- District Court- Office Of The Clerk- Perso (300 North Hogan) (5), U S Government - United States Courts- Circuit Court of Appeals Eleventh Cir (300 North Hogan Street) (6), U S Government - United States Courts- District Court- Office Of The C (300 North Hogan Street) (7). Display/hide their approximate locations on the map
Duval County has a predicted average indoor radon screening level less than 2 pCi/L (pico curies per liter) - Low Potential
Air pollution and air quality trends
(lower is better)
Monitoring, Repeat Major (TCR) - In JUN-2008, Contaminant: Coliform (TCR)
BAYSIDE ESTATES (Population served: 180, Groundwater):
Past health violations:
MCL, Monthly (TCR) - In APR-2006, Contaminant: Coliform. Follow-up actions: St Public Notif requested (MAY-30-2006), St Violation/Reminder Notice (MAY-30-2006), St Public Notif received (MAY-31-2006)
TEMPLE BAPTIST CHURCH (Population served: 166, Groundwater):
Past monitoring violations:
Failure to Conduct Assessment Monitoring - Between JUL-2012 and SEP-2012, Contaminant: E. COLI. Follow-up actions: St Public Notif requested (OCT-31-2012), St Intentional no-action (JUN-24-2014)
Monitoring, Repeat Major (TCR) - In JUL-2010, Contaminant: Coliform (TCR). Follow-up actions: St Compliance achieved (APR-28-2011)
2 routine major monitoring violations
2 minor monitoring violations
MONCRIEF LIQUORS ; LOUNGE (Population served: 135, Groundwater):
Past monitoring violations:
| Florida |
In the BBC comedy TV series 'It Ain't Half Hot Mum', who played the part of Gunner Beaumont? | 10 Biggest Cities in Florida: Do You Know The Sunshine State?
A A
If someone asked what the biggest cities in Florida are, you might be inclined to say Miami, Tampa, and maybe Orlando. And you would be wrong. Florida's most populated city is Jacksonville, home to roughly 850,000 people. It's located in the northeast corner of the state, just below the border with Georgia.
When the greater metropolitan area is considered, Miami and Tampa are huge, with populations in the 4-million-to-5-million range, ranking Miami and Tampa the first and second biggest metropolitan areas in Florida. But the cities themselves are home to roughly 400,000 and 350,000 people respectively, less than half the population living in Jacksonville city.
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The reason is land area. Jacksonville city encompasses about 750 square miles. Miami and Tampa only stretch for 35 and 100 or so square miles.
Per square mile, however, Miami is the biggest in Florida by far, at more than 11,000 residents. Tampa has just more than 3,000, and Jacksonville has about 1,100 residents per square mile.
The fourth, fifth, and sixth biggest cities in Florida are Orlando, St. Petersburg, and Hialeah. All three are home to about 250,000 people.
Based on 2010 projections, however, St. Petersburg was larger than Orlando by 7,000 people in 2010. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Orlando's population grew at a rate of 7 percent from 2010 to 2013, while St. Petersburg's population grew at only 1.8 percent, explaining how Orlando overtook St. Petersburg three years later.
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Orlando's lower population density may partly explain its higher growth rate. Even after absorbing almost 20,000 people in three years, Orlando's population density remains roughly 2,500 people per square mile. That figure is still well below St. Petersburg's density at more than 4,000.
According to Forbes magazine, Orlando's growth contradicts the mainstream media's narrative that compact, coastal cities in northern America will see the highest rates of population growth.
Hialeah, the sixth biggest city in Florida, is adjacent to the city of Miami and has a population density nearly as high as Miami. Hialeah's growth rate of roughly 4 percent is comparable to Miami and the state as a whole. So two of the biggest cities in Florida are linked both geographically and demographically.
Florida's final four biggest cities are Tallahassee (the state capital), Fort Lauderdale, Port St. Lucie, and Pembroke Pines. All four cities come in well under 200,000, but are solidly above the 150,000 mark.
| i don't know |
In which range of English hills is the town of Watlington? | Top 20 Watlington Vacation Rentals, Vacation Homes & Condo Rentals - Airbnb Watlington
Private room · 1 bed · 2 guests
Cute, cosy Wisteria Cottage Watlington offers you wooden beams and logburner but also 21st century luxury in terms of comfort and style. Secure cycle store, WiFi, BT Sport, off road parking for 2 cars, sunny garden with patio, family friendly and within 5 minutes walking distance of the pubs/shops of this beautiful historic town. Gas ch. 2 bedrooms. Sleeps 2 adults with 2 young children (please look at photo of beds) or 3 adults and baby. Cot etc available. Dog welcome downstairs extra £25 wk
Cyclists, walkers, romantics, families, and business executives will love this small but perfectly formed cottage but larger people do need to be aware that downstairs ceilings are low and some doorways are quite narrow! Everything we can think of has been provided for your comfort and entertainment like BT WiF and BT YouView TV with 4 BT Sports channels on the 32" tv downstairs and Freeview on the 22" tv in the main bedroom. Enjoy a leisurely read in bed with one of the books from our little library or sit out in the garden listening to the birds. The Red Kites are amazing! Wisteria Cottage has just been extensively modernised and is heated by gas central heating with radiators in all rooms which will keep you warm and cosy. In addition we have a little wood burner which is so easy to light and we provide a basket of logs for you too. The cosy sitting/dining room has a sofa and 2 tub chairs for 4 people and a wooden dining table which extends to provide space and seats for 4 people with space saving chairs hidden inside. We have decorated the room with local prints and pictures to give it a really local feel. This room leads through an open doorway to a Shaker style country kitchen with oak worktops. Enjoy cooking on the electric ceramic hob and electric Bosch oven. A fridge with small icebox, a small dishwasher, a Krups coffee maker and lots of cooking and dining equipment provide you with everything you may need. Though a door to back lobby, and a separate door leads to the porcelain tiled bathroom with 1500mm bath containing a wall mounted Hansgrohe shower with excellent water pressure and glass shower screen, toilet, small basin, heated towel rail, shaver socket and mirrors. The back door leads to a rear courtyard with a secure cycle store. Stairs lead from the kitchen to 2 bedrooms. The larger has a fully fitted handmade wardrobe with drawers and a comfortable Hypnos double bed 1.40m for a good nights sleep whilst the smaller has a pine trundle bed 0.90m with second pullout bed below. However there is very little floor space when the second bed is extended. It is really best suited to families with younger children. There is a custom made cupboard with rail and drawers below for your clothes. The sunny front garden is fully enclosed by fences and has 2 lawns, flower beds and a large patio with BBQ. It is equipped with a table and 6 chairs so you can experience this space as an additional room catching the sun, reading or watching the Red Kites which were originally released into this area. A well behaved dog is welcome at an extra charge of £25 per week or less but we ask that you provide bedding, towels etc and let him/her explore all the footpaths and fields. Everywhere, inside and out except for one cupboard in the larger bedroom in which I have private property. If required, we will do our best to meet guests but are close by in terms of difficulty and have a local housekeeper and tradespeople we can contact in case of emergency.
The beautiful Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty is just over a mile away and offers you many miles of footpaths including long distance walking and cycletrails like the Ridgeway, South Oxfordshire Way and the Chiltern Way for walkers. The Ridgeway National Trail, the Swans Way, the Watlington 50, the Chilterns Cycle Route and the Watlington Loop are just some of the many cycling routes available. This is Midsomer Country so explore the film locations, some of which are in Watlington. This beautiful town, reputedly the smallest in England, is full of historic buildings and independent shops to browse in or enjoy a relaxing lunch or dinner in one of the charming pubs. The artistic town of Henley on Thames with its antique shops, theatre, festivals and rowing connections is just 10 miles away. However, despite being in the countryside, Watlington is only 3 miles from j6 of the M40 so there is super quick access to Oxford, London, Birmingham by motorway. The fast bus service, the Oxford Tube also stops here with a bus every 12 minutes connecting London and Oxford. A slower bus passes through the town and other villages every hour to Oxford, which is only 14 miles away. There are many historic houses, abbeys, gardens etc for you to visit nearby, Blenheim, Waddesdon Manor, Clivedon, Greys Court, Stonor just to name a few. Windsor and Legoland, and London are within an hours drive for a lovely day out too. There's really so much to do! Oxford Tube see above Local bus services Nearest rail stations about 10 miles at Cholsey and Princes Risborough, then 15 miles, Oxford, High Wycombe, Reading, Aylesbury. There is a B class road outside the parking area which can be quite busy at certain times especially if a tractor and trailer is passing, and Red Kites fly in the sky. A well behaved dog may be allowed downstairs only at an extra cost of £25 per week( or less) payable on arrival. Please mention if you would like to bring him/her before booking.
The host was there to meet on time and the house had a lot of information about the local area. The living area woul be very small for 3 adults. The kitchen was very well equipped.
TonySeptember 2016
We had a wonderful few days in Jane's gorgeous dinky cottage. It may be tiny but lacks for nothing. We were time rich for once and spent a few hours just soaking up the sunshine in the front garden - it was almost too hot. Thank you Jane for all the lovely goodies in the fridge. Thanks too for the messages beforehand. We had a lovely time and would definitely return if we came back to that neck of the woods.
SamSeptember 2016
This is a great place for a break in the countryside - the house has lots of character, and is comfortable and done up to a high standard, with a well-equipped kitchen and bathroom. The town is quiet, but with decent pubs, cafes and shops, and it makes a good base for the area, and the hills & trails nearby. Jane also went out of her way to meet us on arrival, and arranged a few welcome supplies to get us started.
IanJuly 2016
Wisteria cottage was a truly exceptional experience. Very well, tastefully and thoughtfully renovated. Everything was clean and fresh with every conceivable requirement met. Great job Jayne!!!
PaulMay 2016
Cute little cottage, Jane left a lovely welcome pack on arrival and when we had a little issue came personally to ensure it was fixed asap. A memorable stay in a very memorable cottage.
KatyJuly 2016
Cosy house perfect for a stay in Watlington. Toys for children and a great welcome from Jane. Perfect for four people.
JenniferAugust 2016
Entire home/apt · 4 beds · 4 guests · Business Travel Ready
A large, bright room with double bed and private shower room across the corridor. English or continental breakfast is served in a traditional dining room or in the garden. The area is of outstanding natural beauty including many romantic villages.
This charming little house at the foot of the Chilterns is very central for all walking and cycling activities. It will easily accommodate two guests. My house and garden are free for guests to use. Free wi-fi, TV in guest room, tea-making facilities. Dinner/lunch by arrangement. I’m very happy to interact with guests as much or as little as they wish. I will be present during guests’ stay.
The Chiltern area is very green with many beautiful walks and the red kites are always keeping watch! The “town” has many interesting points of interest. Watlington is known as the smallest town in Europe. My house is in the centre of Watlington with a bank, post-office, and a library. There are 3 pubs and a delicious café all serving food, within 200m. Hourly bus service to Oxford, and easy and frequent coach access to London. There is a large public car park and street parking. Airport pick up service can be arranged or there is an Airline bus service to within 3 miles of Watlington. As a contrast to the peaceful countryside, a visit to Oxford for a concert, college-sightseeing or shopping is within easy reach.
Helen was warm and friendly. She made us very welcome and worked easily round our comings and goings. Offered sandwiches as we needed to leave early to catch a plane and it was too early for breakfast. The bed was very comfortable indeed.
JennyDecember 2015
Helen was extremely welcoming - she was accommodating with our arrival time and made sure all the essentials (eg shower gel, hairdryer etc) were available. Breakfast was superb and she asked us what we preferred in advance of our stay. The bedroom and shower room were also both ideal - a great nights sleep was had both nights. Thank you Helen for a wonderful weekend!
CarolineAugust 2015
Private room · 1 bed · 2 guests
Kate's Cottage, one of 'Watcombe Cottages' finest, brings you the best of Country & Village Living - in, reputedly the smallest town in England! A real treat of a getaway! The Cottage has been designed for holidaying couples, families and business travellers, but also as an ideal short stay break away from day to day of living! A haven for birdwatching, walking & cycling, village hopping! (See our friendface page :) 'Watcombe Cottages' for more!)
We welcome you into our cottage of Summer goodness, Autumn colours, Winter cosiness, and Spring gardens to rival some of the Flower shows we have been frequenting! We hope you will find the 'outside in' nature of our place very special in all seasons! AND for when it DOES get cold and slightly on the damp side - you can still sit 'in' it - whilst enjoying a good roaring fire and maybe a DVD or a movie from Netflix! OR if you come in the season when all things 'grow' - then you are welcome to the fruits and herbs and salads that are scattered throughout our garden! All in all - our aim is to make this 'getaway' one you will remember and want to return to! We are on a quaint 'unadopted road' meaning it is quiet and only used by locals - it is unsealed, meaning that sometimes it is a little bit of a bumpy ride - but it keeps it unused by all those wanting to share in the goodness of Watlington! We love this village SO much - that we moved in next door! Having said that - the beauty of this is that we are on hand if you would like 'tips' as to how best spend your precious time here in Watlington and the surrounding areas - but also we quietly blend into the background so your privacy is guaranteed!
Watlington, although classed as a small town actually is like a large village and certainly has that ‘village’ feel to it. With quintessentially English architecture reflecting the well-known flint and brick buildings of The Chilterns area, Watlington has so much to offer that you will find that you may need more than a week to explore and certainly more than a weekend! Watlington and the surrounding area is often used as location sites for filming – including many scenes from Midsomer Murders – so you may recognise some of the buildings and people you come across during you stay in the area….. We love little our town and so have created our own Watlington Experience to share with you. It is a very short walk from Kate’s Cottage to the centre of town and a cornucopia of goodies! There is our very own Chocolatier – Tutu Delicious – you can see the chocolates being created by Zoe and visit the stylish retail shop next door where the policy is try before you buy – and we can guarantee that you will buy! Our local butcher – Calnan Brothers is a traditional family run butchers also located on the medieval High Street where there has been a butcher’s shop for over three hundred years. Pop in and meet Tom and his team and purchase some locally reared produce to take back to cook for dinner or maybe some luscious prime steak to throw on the BBQ, but not before popping into The Granary Deli & Café at No 18 and see the tables laden with a range of artisan breads, olives and cheeses, shelves stacked high with favourite ingredients including oils, vinegars, preserves, biscuits and store cupboard essentials. Robin also operates a try before your buy policy with his range of cheeses and he and his staff are always available to pass on their extensive knowledge. A shop I can rarely walk in to and leave without making a purchase is K is for Kitchen - Amanda has an eclectic and diverse range of products – everything you can think of for the kitchen – including the sink! Watlington Fine Wines is located in the new Wine Barn close to the bottom of the High Street and here you will find quality wines of the world displayed (including many from our ‘home’ down under!) Martin is friendly and welcoming and so do call in – his prices can give supermarkets a run for their money! If you are interested in antiques - just next to Martin are the premises of Jones & Jacob Auctioneers where auctions are held once a month and it is still possible to pick up a bargain! If you feel the need for a little bit of ‘me’ time Peppermint Lime is the place to go – where Natalie offers a wide range of treatments and therapies in relaxing and therapeutic surroundings. The day to day essentials are covered by the Co-Op which is open from 6 am to 10 pm daily, a pharmacy, post office and a hardware store. And then there are the pubs!! Watlington used to have around 35 pubs over a hundred years ago! but now we are down to 4 - The Fat Fox, The Carriers Arms, The Chequers and The Social – all serving a good range of food – mostly locally sourced - both at lunchtimes and evenings – so call in and meet the locals – you will find them friendly and welcoming! All this is within a short walk of Kate’s Cottage – so come and enjoy your own ‘Watlington Experience’! The beauty of Watlington is its convenience to so many areas. The M40 Junction 6 is just 6 minutes up the road – taking you quickly into Oxford (although we do prefer the back road!) with all that wonderful City has to offer, or in the other direction up to London – we often find ourselves popping into London on The Oxford Tube (which stops at Junction 6 – very handy!) for a show or to meet up with friends for dinner. Henley-on-Thames, known worldwide for the Royal Regatta is around 25 mins away, and of course the little villages and hamlets of the Chilterns, (also settings for many well known movies!) are so accessible from Watlington and just waiting to be explored. We have many favourites we would love to share with you!
Great welcome and everything was I had expected . Was a great location and loved the house very stylish and at same time was able to totally relax would 100% use again . The hosts were fantastic and made the stay easy and hassle free
PhilipOctober 2016
Entire home/apt · 3 beds · 4 guests · Business Travel Ready
Heated Residential Suite set in my private garden, just a couple of minutes walk from lovely historic high street, with stunning range of Independent Shops yet only minutes walk from beautiful Chilterns countryside all around. The wonderful home of the Royal Regatta, Henley on Thames is just a short car journey or taxi ride away and provides a wider range of facilities. Henley sits on the bank of the River Thames and provides a bustle of social activity and much more !
There is a detached studio with En Suite in the garden which offer total privacy. It may be possible to also let a double room within the cottage which would have the shared use of the bathroom. Suite and Garden I am happy to answer any questions you have and can recommend places to eat see and do in the local area.
Fantastic location set in the middle of the Chiltern Hills with wonderful walking and cycling on the doorstep. Local amenities include some lovely independent local shops, cafes and restaurants and only is only a short drive or Taxi ride from the home of the Royal Regatta, Henley on Thames
Room type
Private room · 2 beds · 4 guests
Unique 3 bedroom listed cottage packed with character features; beams in every room, original fireplaces and contemporary kitchen and bathrooms. Great location in the Chilterns, close to amenities and convenient for travel to Oxfordshire and beyond.
Our lovely comfortable home is a Grade II listed cottage with a wealth of character, beams, fireplaces, original doors, wattle and daub walls and lime plaster. The main suite in the magnificently beamed top floor has a double bed, dressing area with fitted wardrobes and drawers and an en-suite shower room, a double and twin (or superking) are on the first floor with a shared bathroom. All the beds are foam topped, really comfortable beds with crisp fresh linen. Large kitchen/dining/sitting room with bifold doors to the garden, cloakroom with laundry facilities, study and sitting room. Off street parking for 2 cars, private garden with BBQ and outdoor furniture. Full access to the whole house (apart from a couple of cupboards for my personal belongings). Please note that the stairs to the top floor (main bedroom suite) are quite steep, probably not suitable for the infirm or very young children. Our housekeeper is next door and available 24/7 for any issues. We are also available via email and mobile phone any time.
Watlington boasts good amenities; 3 pubs, Indian restaurant, fish and chip shop, Co-op, chemist, excellent butcher, deli, chocolate shop, Post Office, hardware store, 2 hairdressers, library and market vegetable stall twice a week. Friendly town reputed to be the smallest town in England. Public footpaths across open fields, various rural villages with gastro and casual pubs close by. Good transport links; close to M40, regular coach to London, Oxford, Heathrow and Gatwick. Friendly neighbours, proximity to the world renowned Henley on Thames, Oxford, Marlow, the River Thames and other Thameside villages.
Sarah was lovely and informative in her emails leading up to our stay. She provided all the information we needed accurately and quickly. The neighbour arrived 2 mins after we rang him to let us in and have us a guided tour! The house itself is stunning and made for a very relaxing and enjoyable stay.
StephanieAugust 2016
The property is spectacular: luxury with a historical footprint, unique and comfortable. We didn't get to meet Sarah; however, the communication was smooth and we appreciated attention to detail with which our stay was handled (not to mention the delicious chocolates Sarah left for us, courtesy of local Tutu Chocolate boutique). Quiet, beautiful and friendly neighborhood; close proximity to both Oxford and London, cozy restaurants, pubs and shops. Suitable to all types of travel, this is certainly a great experience to savor.
SerdarAugust 2016
Lovely house beautifully decorated with all the amenities. Great kitchen and top bedroom and en suite. Nice village though the roads were very busy and quite noisy. Surrounding areas were stunning and great for walks.
SamAugust 2016
Entire home/apt · 4 beds · 6 guests · Business Travel Ready
A large, bright dormer room with king size bed, living area and en-suite bathroom. Located in the centre of Watlington, the area is of outstanding natural beauty with nature reserves and quintessential English villages. There is easy access to the Chiltern hills and the Ridgeway National Trial. The quiet roads and villages are ideal for cyclists, walkers and anyone who enjoys the beautiful Oxfordshire countryside.
A large, bright dormer room with king size bed, living area and en-suite bathroom. Located in the centre of Watlington, the area is of outstanding natural beauty with nature reserves and quintessential English villages. There is easy access to the Chiltern hills and the Ridgeway National Trial. The quiet roads and villages are ideal for cyclists, walkers and anyone who enjoys the beautiful Oxfordshire countryside. The guest room has Free Wi-Fi, TV and tea-making facilities and the conservatory is for the exclusive use of guests with access to the garden. There is a lockable storage for cycles and parking for 1 car. Breakfast is included in the price. Packed lunches and meals by prior arrangement or you are welcome to enjoy a take-away in the conservatory dining area. Whatever my guests prefer. I can recommend local places to eat within town and in the surrounding villages, places to visit, travel advice, walks and cycle routes. I have 2 cats that may want to say hello! If you are allergic, please let me know on your booking. The cats do not have access and have never been in the guest room.
Watlington is a charming ancient market town (the smallest in England), with amenities all within a few minutes’ walk from the house. There are 3 pubs, a deli/café, Indian restaurant, Fish and Chip shop, Pharmacy, Co-op, Doctors Surgery, Petrol Station, Post Office, Library, hairdresser, beautician and a selection of independent shops including an award-winning Chocolatiers. It is an ideal location for walkers and cyclists being positioned beneath the Chiltern Hills nature reserves and the Ridgeway National trail. You are guaranteed to see the majestic Red Kites soaring above the town. M40 Junction 6 is about 5 minutes’ drive. Here you can pick up the London-Oxford Tube 24-hour coach service which runs every 10-20 minutes. It takes about 1 hour to reach Shepherds Bush and also stops at Hillingdon Underground, Notting Hill Gate, Marble Arch and Victoria. There is also a frequent airbus service to both Heathrow and Gatwick Airports. I am happy to arrange pick up /drop-off from Heathrow airport, Junction 6 coach stop, or the Ridgeway with prior notice. In Watlington there are regular bus services to Oxford, and surrounding towns. With good bus routes and ‘Park and Ride’ to Oxford you can also enjoy the city sights shops and night life.
Ann was lovely! Very welcoming. We enjoyed a nice meal out the night we arrived: there is a great pub right next door! and the breakfast Ann provided was perfect!
isabelleOctober 2016
Thank you so much Ann for a very pleasant and comfortable stay. We enjoyed all our sightseeing in this lovely area and you made us feel most welcome in your home. Perhaps we shall be lucky enough to come and see you again some time in the future.
KennethAugust 2016
Good communication with Ann throughout the booking and stay, lovely clean home, very good first experience with airbnb.
LynneOctober 2016
We had a wonderful stay at Ann's house. Ann was very helpful throughout our stay. We felt very comfortable and everything was as per the listing.
Pascale_ABnBNovember 2016
Ann was a lovely host, very welcoming. We liked the pub next door for a quick dinner. Ann made us eggs for breakfast, that was really nice! It was a perfect place for us to visit Oxford, which is really close. Ann was very helpfull and gave us good information on the P&R to visit Oxford.
AnnaAugust 2016
Private room · 2 beds · 4 guests
A characterful period cottage in the heart of Watlington, a short stroll to all the amenities and open countryside and the Chiltern Hills. It has an attractive, south-facing garden accessible to guests. Fee Wi-Fi.
A comfortable and clean double bedroom with ensuite WC/basin and ample shelving for clothes etc. Walls hung with original artwork, large mirror and rare 007 LP soundtracks. Bedding replaced after each guest has departed. Access provided to rear south-facing garden, living room with large TV and Blu-Ray/DVD player and wood burning stove, kitchen/diner and bathroom with walk-in shower and separate bath. a towel can be provided if requested. I work from home, so am around most of the time. You are more than welcome to join me in the evenings to watch TV/films etc. I have a very friendly, medium sized dog (Hungarian Vizsla) who treats everyone as his best friend and will enjoy your attention, but equally content to leave you in peace if you prefer.
Local attractions include Stonor Park, The River Thames, Henley-On-Thames, Oxford, Hughenden & Waddesdon Manor and The Chilterns. There is no parking at the property but the town car park is only 2 mins walk away and is entirely free 24/7. Regular bus services run to Oxford, Henley and surrounding towns from the centre of Watlington. Watlington is Britain's smallest market town located 5 mins from the M40 and has 3 pubs, pharmacist, supermarket, deli/coffeeshop, doctor's surgery, petrol station and a selection of independent shops. It is very convenient for trips to Oxford and Henley-On-Thames especially for the Royal Regatta. Ideal for walkers and cyclists being positioned beneath the Chiltern Hills and nature reserves. You are guaranteed to see Red Kites flying over the town on a daily basis.
We arrived at Mark's absolutely knackered after a 23-mile walk on the Ridgeway. Mark (and his lovely dog!) were welcoming, and we were shown to the room, which was exactly as seen in the photos. Mark was kind enough to provide us with a map of the town, marked with the local pubs and co-op. We were invited to watch tv or a film downstairs in the evening, but by the time we got back from dinner at the pub we were just about ready to pass out for the night. The bed and pillows were all very comfortable and clean, the only thing I would have liked to see was a small bin in either the room or the wc. We were off in good time the next morning, and (because breakfast wasn't included) grabbed some food at co-op on the way out of town. All in all, a pleasant overnight stay in Watlington!
EmmaJuly 2016
Mark was a superb host and had a welcoming home. He supported ahead of our arrival with numbers for local taxi services. Place was very clean and Hugo the dog gave us a warm welcome! Thank you Mark!
EmmaJuly 2016
Mark hosted us for two nights. His home, his hospitality and his canine companion Hugo were all top notch. A lovely home, a keen gardener and painter and an all round nice but unintrusive bloke. Highly recommended.
MartinJuly 2016
Mark was very helpful getting us to his house (which is a lovely place) and was extremely helpful about local places to eat. House was so clean ... really appreciated that and was impressed with garden ... lovely in the sunshine.
TraceyAugust 2016
Private room · 1 bed · 2 guests
Plum Tree Cottage, another of Watcombe Cottages' treasures, is at the base of the beautiful Chiltern Hills, cycling & walking tracks galore, heritage houses abound, and the wonders of Oxford, Henley, and 'Midsomer Murder' adventures on your doorstep! You’ll love the cottage because of the garden in summer, the fires in winter, the aga at ALL times, and because the village has it all!
A great stay over the Christmas period. The house was warm, decorated and spacious for four of us. Watlington has access to good walks from the door step. Excellent support from Kath & Jo.
SusanDecember 2016
Entire home/apt · 4 beds · 6 guests
A hybrid house! The front half dates back to the 1800s, featuring woodburning stove, exposed beams, shuttered sash windows & cosy bedrooms, whilst the back half offers great modern open-plan living (large kitchen island, bright conservatory & garden)
Enjoy the charm of living in a characterful period property, yet which also benefits from all the modern features of open-plan living. Bethel Cottage is located moments from Watlington's quaint and friendly high street, yet without any car noise. Enjoy watching the red kites circling overhead or gaze at the stars through the conservatory roof. Enjoy renting a well-appointed home with excellent transport links to both London and Oxford. It's the perfect base for a self-catered comfortable family holiday with nature on your doorstep, yet with the sights and sounds of the two of England's finest cities just a short bus ride away. This rental is a whole house let. We use the house as our home when we are not away travelling and we let out the whole house so there are no restrictions to usage. We will provide a warm and inviting welcome for our guests on arrival, giving you plenty of details about the house, the local area, transportation and tourist activities. We can provide welcome packs and make other arrangements as required, although we would be away from the premises during the rental itself.
Watlington is a much-loved Market Town dating back to the 7th Century. Located by the foothills of the Chilterns, it's a small and friendly village with around 2,000 residents. Architecturally diverse and well-appointed for local shops, Watlington has three highly-regarded pubs and a range of facilities including a local recreation ground, an excellent Deli-cafe and a pretty local church. Watlington also offers excellent countryside walks along the Ridgeway and boasts impressive wildlife, including the majestic Red Kites which were introduced to the area some 30 years ago. The area is especially of interest to those who enjoy fine dining with a large number of excellent rural eateries within 10 miles of Watlington. Additionally it is perfect for anyone with children, not least because of the recreation facilities and general environment, but also the Children's activities in the vicinity. Undoubtedly part of Watlington's appeal is that despite its tranquility it's just 3 miles from Junction 6 of the M40, the stopping point for the excellent Oxford Tube coach service which serves both Oxford and London up to every 10 minutes and which operates 24 hours a day. Journeys to London's Shepherd's Bush take from just 55 minutes making a day trip to London very straightforward whilst journeys straight into the centre of Oxford take around 35 minutes, giving you very easy access for visiting both attractive cities as part of your holiday. This house is our home (and hence has a homely feel) although it's important to state that there will be items in the property that our our possessions. We will secure these and ensure that there is ample space for you to use the house.
David and Becca made us feel really welcome to their home. We felt at home the moment we walked through the door. The house exceeded our expectations and David had left us a nice welcome letter and brochure about the house and surrounding area. Attention to detail was impressive and very thoughtful to our grandchildren. David always replied to any questions promptly and was eager to see if we were comfortable on arrival. A lovely family home...well done with all the effort.
KathJune 2016
I came from France to spend a few days next to Oxford lovely place to stay this was my first airbnb usage accommodation was great and David gave a lot of details to make my stay nice, bathroom for 8 was OK garden very nice kitchen great well equipped really nice souvenir I recommend this place
StephaneJuly 2016
What a wonderful quaint family home with spacious garden and eating area. everything we needed was on hand. The house and gardens were clean and up kept. Every little detail you could think of was taken care of down to the little extra touches of a welcome card and gift. The village was picturesque and peaceful. We found the welcome booklet extremely helpful when planning our days out. we couldn't have asked for more friendly and accommodating hosts for our needs. we would recommend this home to anyone
AngelaJuly 2016
Before anything else, David was extremely helpful in the run up to our stay, asking if we had any particular needs and doing little things to improve our time like refilling the gas for the BBQ. It was a pleasure to book with him and even nicer to meet him! A group of 8 of us spent a long weekend at David's house and it was pretty much perfect for us! The communal space is really open and spacious and was even better than the pictures suggested. The dining area also opens out into the garden which makes the space even bigger and it was really nice to be able to chat to those cooking whilst sitting outside. Watlington itself is a charming little town, with beautiful walks around it. My particular favourite was Watlington Hill - we spent quite a while up there enjoying the view.
TomMay 2016
David gave us a warm welcome and showed us all round the house explaining where everything was and how it worked. The house was everything we'd hoped for, it has a lovely homely feel and the combination of old and new works really well giving a cottagey feel with the bonus of lots of light. We were a family of 5 adults and one small child so the bedroom arrangement was ideal and the kind use of children's toys a complete bonus. Watlington is as lovely as described and the ease of access to Oxford ideal. We enjoyed it so much and hope to go again in the future.
LindaApril 2016
We were privileged to spend 5 days at David's fabulous home in Watlington. We had wanted to spend a family Christmas in a village in near Oxford and his place fitted the bill brilliantly. The accommodation was ideally laid-out with an ample sized kitchen-diner-consevatory space that made socialising whilst preparing meals so easy and a cosy but large sitting room (with a wood burning fire). The bedrooms were comfortable and quiet. The village is a special place with beautiful housing and good facilities. We were fortunate enough to enjoy mild, dry weather with some crisp winter days when the temp dropped but the sun came out. David's garden was enjoyed by our children who loved the starry night sky and the wonderful trampoline. David and Becca had prepared the property so thoughtfully that it made our transition into the house so easy. The living space is, as others suggest, better than the photographs depict. The pics show a nice house whereas the house is more spacious and architecturally interesting than shown. We had a fabulous and amazing stay at this place and we highly recommend it.
CliffordDecember 2016
We spent 2 wonderful weeks with our family at David´s home and we really enjoyed the stay. David prepared a warm welcome and he explained everything very kindly. Thanks for everything!!
PedroSeptember 2016
The house was better than described and David did everything to make sure our stay was comfortable.
JamieJuly 2016
Entire home/apt · 4 beds · 8 guests
This Bauhaus styled living space opens onto decking and lawn. The accommodation is for two and completely separate from the main house. Watlington is a charming, period market town with a pubs and amenities all within walking distance of your stay.
The space offers comfortable relaxing with a fashionable Belgian wood burner for a special evening feel and transforms an unexpected cold/wet day. We can accommodate two young children if required, please ask how we can help. With a large open space for dinning, sleeping and relaxing with a film, the wet room and small L shaped kitchen are fed with a 'combi' boiler providing constant hot water. The space provides all the necessary comforts for simple living even in a place this size. From an over night business stay and long weekend to week stay the space provides enough we hope to meet your needs. Free internet, decking with chairs and a hammock and a pleasant garden to sit in. We can recommend local places to eat within walking distance or a short drive away as well as places of interest, travel options and beautiful walks in the Chilterns. If you are cyclists we can provide space to lock you bikes in and keep them dry for the night.
Watlington offers a number of key conveniences from a Pharmacy to the local pub, The Fat Fox. There's a butcher and hairdresser, a chocolate shop and fresh fruit and vegetable market three times a week, a deli and even a weekly fish seller! All within walking distance. With the Chiltern Hill walks just minutes from the small market town and the river Thames with Henley and Marlow near by. Oxford is only a hop onto the M40. M40 Junction 6 is just 10 minutes away to get to Hillingdon over ground tube station to pick up the London Tube network. The M4 can be reached via Henley-on-Thames and the link from High Wycombe. You can also pick up the Oxford-London Tube Coach service at Junction 6 which runs every 10 minutes. There is a limited bus service within Watlington to the surrounding areas. There are many local taxi firms from Henley and High Wycombe. We can accommodate one to two small children at extra cost if you would like to discuss this with us prior to booking. We have a cat in our house and two dogs in our house. The dogs are firmly managed and with us at all times, however the cat may trot across and poke her nose round to say hello. If you have an allergies please let us know on your booking. Our pets do not and have not used The Garden Room. If you would like a cooked breakfast please speak to me otherwise the small kitchen can cater for a simple breakfast.
An absolutely fantastic stay in a beautiful space. Catherine was a very generous and attentive host. Every detail was thought of so that we could have a very relaxing break. There was plenty of tea, coffee and other little touches which we appreciated. The Garden Room is gorgeous, I hope to visit again in the Summer. Although it was so welcoming and cosy over the chilly weekend (without using the wood burner). We visited Oxford during the day (very easy to use park&ride) and went to the Fat Fox pub just down the road for dinner - highly recommend. Thank you Catherine for a very memorable stay.
KatieJanuary 2016
I could not believe the beautiful attention provided to every single detail. Wonderful stay at such a hidden gem! Would absolutely love to stay again.
Natasha December 2015
We had a wonderful stay at Catherine's cottage, which is situated in a family neighbourhood. Everything is brand new, the bed is comfy, the wifi works correctly. The cooked breakfast was huge and delicious. You can cook in the cottage, but there is no fridge.
SophiaSeptember 2015
The photos of the Garden Room give a sense of its size, but don't show quite how lovely it is. Everything is of the highest quality and it feels like a decadent place to stay. The owner made me feel incredibly welcome, and it really felt like a home from home. There is a great range of DVDs, and maps to go and explore the Ridgeway and other local walks.
CatherineMarch 2016
Catherine made us feel very welcome and ensured that we had everything we needed. The self contained flat is fitted with all the mod cons, making our stay very comfortable. Catherine also offered us the option of breakfast. Great value for money, we would definitely stay here again.
ZaraOctober 2015
Catherine gave us a very warm welcome to her gorgeous garden room. It was perfect for us as parents with very young baby. Little touches like the breakfast pastries made a huge impact! Thanks for a lovely stay :)
KateSeptember 2016
Catherine's hospitality is second to none and the quality, comfort level, beautiful garden setting, decorative detail and overall look & feel of the accommodation far exceeded our expectations. Highly recommended to anyone looking for a base in this part of Oxfordshire that ticks all the boxes and clearly has a an edge over more conventional accommodation options in the area.
KristinaFebruary 2016
A lovely stay in a fantastic room! The space is wonderfully thought out and modern but with well picked furniture to give it a very cosy, homely feel! Very private as well even while being located in the garden of the main property. Recommended!
RussellJanuary 2016
Entire home/apt · 1 bed · 2 guests
Quiet and charming location, "The Hintons" is 2 miles from Junction 5, M40 & close to London, Oxford & Heathrow.
'The Hintons' get away from it all B&B offers you a private wing in a Grade II listed, 17th Century, traditional brick and flint Chilterns farmhouse. Situated at the head of the beautiful beach wood valley, Red Kites soar above. Your wing has its own entrance from the lane, with the hall leading to a stylish sitting room with wood burning stove, t.v, and comfortable sofas. The spacious double bedroom has exposed beams and high ceilings with a light and airy feel with views of the garden and valley beyond. The wet room is adjacent. We offer tea & toast in the morning, but if you prefer you can enjoy a full English breakfast with eggs from our own hens, locally sourced sausage and bacon and homemade preserve for an additional cost. There are walks and cycle paths straight from the front door yet we're only 2 miles off the M40. Walking routes can take you through the villages of Midsummer Murders, The Vicar of Dibley and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang! A great area for eating out, from great local pubs to Michelin starred restaurants. We are also happy to provide picnics for guests. Henley & Marlow are just 8 miles away for their annual Regattas, shopping & the River Thames; Oxford, Windsor and London are about 30 miles away. Members of the Garsington Opera at the Gettys' nearby by Wormsley Estate are now annual visitors every summer. For business people, our nearest mainline station is High Wycombe 7 miles away offering a very frequent 26 minute service to London Marylebone Station. Guests have their own terrace outside their room, a court yard which has the morning sun and a private sitting room. I'm happy to offer help with recommendations for walks, excursions and evenings out, but also respect guests privacy.
There is no public transport so a car is essential. You can always walk to one of our lovely local pubs in surrounding villages and get a taxi home; some of our guests have even been brought home by the pub landlords, its that friendly. Parking is on the road by the footpath sign post adjacent to Grays Barn by the large grass slope. Walk 25 meters ahead and our front door is on the left down a few steps. We offer a full English breakfast at a cost of £10 per person, to be paid in cash or cheque please let us know before or on arrival if you'd like this.
Lovely accommodation. Sadly was dark when I arrived and dark when I left but suspect it's a lovely locations as well. I will be back!
RosOctober 2016
Katie is a great host and communicator, and gave us tips on how to get there and what to do. The cottage is charming and well appointed. Views are amazing, shower is luxurious, bed is very comfortable, delicious breakfast and cosy living room with fireplace. Peaceful, private place to chill out. Highly recommend and hope to return!
AbbieNovember 2016
Fabulous. Everything is great about Katies place, and for sure you can go ahead and book with confidence! Thank you Katie for taking care of me. Sincerely, Michael.
MichaelMay 2015
Beautiful home, and such welcoming hosts! Katie was so helpful before arriving, plus the family were lovely during our stay. The annex is even lovelier than what is shown, and we enjoyed walking through many of the various nearby towns, woods and farmland. Perfect for our impromptu break from the city. Thanks so much again!
HaniyyahMarch 2016
We had a lovely stay at Katie's B and B. Not sure why it is called "Hell's corner" as the place is a little slice of heaven. The surrounding countryside is beautiful and we felt very private with access to the lovely garden and surrounds. The property is a pretty,historic building and we thoroughly enjoyed staying here.
ChristineSeptember 2016
Lovely host and super venue. Wish that I had been able to stay longer to enjoy the area.
BertOctober 2016
What a lovely place! We just wish we could have stayed longer. Katie was very helpful and lit us a cosy log fire to come home to. Beautiful room, very private and great to have a little lounge as well. And a delicious breakfast in the morning, many thanks!
FrancescaJune 2015
I really enjoyed my two days at Katie's place in the Chilterns, it's a beautiful location and the room is in a more or less self-contained annexe, with a bathroom, sitting room and breakfast area. It's peaceful, cosy and beautifully decorated. I found Katie and her family kind and efficient hosts, helping me with local information and providing delicious strawberries for breakfast! Highly recommended if you're in the area. Thanks Katie.
PandoraFebruary 2015
Private room · 1 bed · 2 guests
My place is close to the River Thames, the Thames path, the lovely village of Dorchester on Thames and Dorchester Abbey, as well as the historic small market town of Wallingford. I have recently moved into a spacious bungalow which I have largely renovated into a modern and welcoming home. My guest will have their own bedroom and private bathroom, plus the use of the house facilities. Benson is a pretty riverside village, with plenty of local amenities. (Max stay 1 wk)
I have refurbished my front bedroom as a smart modern guest room, in which I look forward to hosting my visitors. The room is comfortably fitted out with TV, though the big one in the sitting room is better, tea and coffee facilities and hanging space. There is wireless internet access as well. You will have abathroom and toilet for your own use while you stay. You are welcome to enjoy the facilities, a super TV in my living room and kitchen as well. If you need to do some washing no problem. If you need extra space for using your laptop we can find that too. I am keen to interact with guests if they so wish but not to intrude.
This was the second time I had stayed with Sue after discovering her place through a work colleague. Sue provided us with some much needed rest in between our ecological fieldwork and lab work at Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). The room was very comfortable and had all you required. Sue was an excellent host and made us feel very welcome in her home. I highly recommend Sue's guest room for anyone doing work in or around Oxfordshire.
LynseyAugust 2016
Sue welcomed us with much needed refreshments and a comfortable place to crash after 4 nights of camping at Reading Festival. Sue's hospitality couldn't have been more perfect.
PhilAugust 2016
Sue is a relaxed and friendly person who welcomed me warmly. She was spending the evening out with friends so I was encouraged to make myself at home. We 'hit it off' from the start and it was all very easy.
JanAugust 2016
Sue was an absolute pleasure to deal with, and I hope that I'll be speaking with her in the future. As a host, there was nothing she couldn't do! She even made dinner :-)
ClaireJune 2016
This is the reason airbnb works so well Clean fresh home fantastic host. Gave full use of her home. 5 star . offered to cook for us but time did not allow. Would like to have spent more time with her to chat, but alas no time this trip, Maybe next time, great location short walk to shop pubs & resteraunts .
Brian July 2016
We had a very pleasant stay at Sue's place. The room was very clean, the beds really comfy and it was nice to have your own little bathroom. Sue is a very nice person, we chatted easily over a cup of tea and even did some geocaching together. The area has so much to offer, eg little places like Goring so we'd love to come back. So thumbs up for Sue and her accommodation!
VerenaAugust 2016
We've had a great stay at Sue's place. She was very friendly and made us feel at home. Will definitely come back if we're in the area again.
InaSeptember 2016
Sue was at the door to meet and greet us, and took a lot of time to explain all the facilities and ensure we were comfortable. The property description was very accurate. We lacked for nothing.
HelenJuly 2016
Private room · 2 beds · 2 guests
Detatched room with private entrance through stable door.Glorious views over Oxfordshire fields. Spacious double with shower room. Cuxham is a quiet village located 15 mins from junction 6 off the M40. Breakfast welcome pack provided. Award winning village pub The Half Moon in the heart of the village.
Glorious views in tranquil location but walking distance to village pub I'm usually here to say hello and on hand if guests need anything, otherwise will leave you to enjoy your peace.
Cuxham is a beautiful, peaceful and unspoilt village consisting of a pub, church and village hall. Oxford or Henley are around 20mins away by car. Watlington 5mins and the lovely Lord Nelson pub a couple of minutes up the road at Britwell Baldwin. There is a limited bus service into Oxford. Taxis are expensive as no local companies, however we do have a friendly local who with notice is happy to ferry guests at a very reasonable charge, must stress notice is important though! We will always leave a parking space clear for one car and will accommodate a second if warned before arrival. Please drive slowly on the approach to the house, we have chickens and cats roaming freely and without any common sense!
We sent Jane a very, very last minute request to stay at her studio and thankfully she said yes! The studio is very spacious, clean, and nicely decorated, and the surroundings of the house are just beautiful! Waking up to a blue sky and a large, wide open field was just amazing! We loved having a fridge in the studio, it was the first one of all of our Airbnb experiences. We only stayed here for 1 short night because we were passing through on our way back to Dover, but if I ever come back to this area I will not hesitate to send Jane a request to stay at her lovely studio.
LarissaOctober 2016
Jayne was very helpful and welcoming even delivering freshly baked croissants to our door each morning. The facilities were very nice, the shower was warm, the heating good and the bed comfy.
Jo-AnneJanuary 2017
Really lovely room detached from the main house, with plenty of little extras which we weren't expecting. Great value and Jayne was very keen to make our stay a good as possible.
AndyAugust 2016
Jayne made us feel welcome and the locals at the half moon pub were friendly, kind and welcoming too. The layout of the room is spacious and feels like a breathe of fresh air being so near the countryside but walkable to the village. The food provided was more than we expected with fresh fruit, fresh ground coffee and milk, butter and jam in the fridge along with croissant, cereal and beautiful china to eat off. Private but not cut off. pathway lit with solar lights at night and walks across the field easy and refreshing. We stayed as a way of breaking a long drive and found we had stumbled upon and surprise romantic holiday destination. It is a truly happy memory of a special night out. Infinitely better than a night in a travelodge!!!
PaulaAugust 2016
Whilst we weren't able to meet Jayne during our stay, she remained in communication and was available when needed over text. Her place is just gorgeous and exceeded expectations. There is plenty to choose from with refreshments and sweet treats, and milk/ cereal was provided. She even leaves wine glasses so remember to bring a bottle with you! We'd definitely recommend her place to anyone wanting a quiet break away from it all, whilst being just 20 minutes from Oxford. The tranquillity of the surrounding farmland and the chocolate box village is just wonderful.
SarahSeptember 2016
Jayne's place was perfect for a relaxing trip! We wish we could have stayed longer! Located amongst farm fields, the studio offers cozy comforts with a well stocked fridge and coffee and tea. Jayne was very helpful and a gracious host, providing warm croissants for us in the morning. Highly recommend for a relaxing and comfortable country experience!
RachelJuly 2016
Jayne is a wonderful host and makes you feel very welcome the minute you arrive. The studio space is cosy and nicely furnished. We loved it! It has everything we could have wished for and the croissants were delicious. Jayne truly took care of us and is a very warm and cheery person. We felt at home and will definitely come back. A big THANK YOU again!
NicoleOctober 2016
Jane's cottage is nestled in the wonderfully countryside just outside of Oxford. It has easy access to the cotswolds and Oxford city centre. Although it was a short stay the room was comfortable and secluded giving a refreshing nights sleep. Jane's was a wonderfully host providing breakfast as to enjoy a nice lazy morning in the country setting. I would definitely recommend and use Jaynes accommodation again
ThomasOctober 2016
Private room · 1 bed · 2 guests
Set within the beautiful Chiltern area of Christmas common. Our apartment is an annex space set over our large garage adjacent to our family home. We have multiple parking spaces available for use. An en-suite bathroom with two single beds in a bedroom along with a double sofa bed available for use. Kitchen diner equipped with all your basic needs as well as a digital TV. Great country walks as well as lovely country pubs great for a Sunday lunch or as a stop off point. Excellent cycle tracks.
A cosy one bed apartment set in an idyllic country spot. Multiple parking spaces. Your own key to your apartment for the duration of your stay. Use of all areas including the en suite, kitchen/diner and bedroom areas. Separate location to the family home therefore no intrusion of privacy. Happy to help with any enquiries you may have throughout your stay.
Excellent views of the country side. Property can be found down a country lane set back away from the road. Ideally a car would be needed for travel. However there are multiple cycling tracks and the weekend often sees the country lane full of cyclists and walkers making use of the country routes. 15 minute car ride to Thame or Henley which are both busier towns featuring great bars and restaurants. Watlington and Christmas Common both have some lovely country pubs to make use of during your stay.
Lorraine had arranged everything perfectly and the cottage was great. The eggs and bread were a very kind touch.
OllieSeptember 2016
Lorraine helped us to find her house by standing in the road and waving us in which was really helpful. The accomodation was clean, well equipped and in a beautiful quiet part of the west Chilterns. The beds were comfortable and Lorraine provided us with a generous breakfast. There is a fantastic pub in the village of Christmas Common where you can get a good evening meal at a reasonable. Thank you - we would definately like to come again!
EmilySeptember 2016
Lorraine was a fantastic host. Lovely place to stay and very comfy beds! Would highly highly recommend! Thank you :)
FreyaNovember 2016
Entire home/apt · 2 beds · 2 guests
Watcombe Cottages bring you the best of Country & Village Living in reputedly the smallest town in England. Hoping you'll love our places, as we have loved creating them to be something special. Two cottages, next door to each other, sharing a beautiful back garden & terrace. The perfect scenario for families who want to get together, to celebrate something special, yet still have their own space! A haven for birdwatching, walking & cycling, village hopping & of course, simply being together!.
The Cottages are at the base of the beautiful Chiltern Hills, cycling & walking tracks galore, heritage houses abound, and the wonders of Oxford, Henley, and 'Midsomer Murder' adventures on your doorstep! You’ll love the cottage because of the garden in summer, the fires in winter, the aga at ALL times, and because the village has it all! Let us know if you fancy knowing more of the 'Watlington Experience'! The Space We welcome you into our cottage of Summer goodness, Autumn colours, Winter cosiness, and Spring gardens to rival some of the Flower shows we have been frequenting! We hope you will find the 'outside in' nature of our place very special in all seasons! AND for when it DOES get cold and slightly on the damp side - you can still sit 'in' it - whilst enjoying a good roaring fire and maybe a DVD or a movie from Netflix! OR if you come in the season when all things 'grow' - then you are welcome to the fruits and herbs and salads that are scattered throughout our garden! All in all - our aim is to make this 'getaway' one you will remember and want to return to! Guest Access We are on a quaint 'unadopted road' meaning it is quiet and only used by locals - it is unsealed, meaning that sometimes it is a little bit of a bumpy ride - but it keeps it unused by all those wanting to share in the goodness of Watlington! We love this village SO much - that we moved in next door! Having said that - the beauty of this is that we are on hand if you would like 'tips' as to how best spend your precious time here in Watlington and the surrounding areas - but also we quietly blend into the background so your privacy is guaranteed!
The Neighbourhood Watlington, although classed as a small town actually is like a large village and certainly has that ‘village’ feel to it. With quintessentially English architecture reflecting the well-known flint and brick buildings of The Chilterns area, Watlington has so much to offer that you will find that you may need more than a week to explore and certainly more than a weekend! Watlington and the surrounding area is often used as location sites for filming – including many scenes from Midsomer Murders – so you may recognise some of the buildings and people you come across during you stay in the area….. We love little our town and so have created our own Watlington Experience to share with you. It is a very short walk from Kate’s Cottage to the centre of town and a cornucopia of goodies! There is our very own Chocolatier – Tutu Delicious – you can see the chocolates being created by Zoe and visit the stylish retail shop next door where the policy is try before you buy – and we can guarantee that you will buy! Our local butcher – Calnan Brothers is a traditional family run butchers also located on the medieval High Street where there has been a butcher’s shop for over three hundred years. Pop in and meet Tom and his team and purchase some locally reared produce to take back to cook for dinner or maybe some luscious prime steak to throw on the BBQ, but not before popping into The Granary Deli & Café at No 18 and see the tables laden with a range of artisan breads, olives and cheeses, shelves stacked high with favourite ingredients including oils, vinegars, preserves, biscuits and store cupboard essentials. Robin also operates a try before your buy policy with his range of cheeses and he and his staff are always available to pass on their extensive knowledge. A shop I can rarely walk in to and leave without making a purchase is K is for Kitchen - Amanda has an eclectic and diverse range of products – everything you can think of for the kitchen – including the sink! Watlington Fine Wines is located in the new Wine Barn close to the bottom of the High Street and here you will find quality wines of the world displayed (including many from our ‘home’ down under!) Martin is friendly and welcoming and so do call in – his prices can give supermarkets a run for their money! If you are interested in antiques - just next to Martin are the premises of Jones & Jacob Auctioneers where auctions are held once a month and it is still possible to pick up a bargain! If you feel the need for a little bit of ‘me’ time Peppermint Lime is the place to go – where Natalie offers a wide range of treatments and therapies in relaxing and therapeutic surroundings. The day to day essentials are covered by the Co-Op which is open from 6 am to 10 pm daily, a pharmacy, post office and a hardware store. And then there are the pubs!! Watlington used to have around 35 pubs over a hundred years ago! but now we are down to 4 - The Fat Fox, The Carriers Arms, The Chequers and The Social – all serving a good range of food – mostly locally sourced - both at lunchtimes and evenings – so call in and meet the locals – you will find them friendly and welcoming! All this is within a short walk of Kate’s Cottage – so come and enjoy your own ‘Watlington Experience’! The beauty of Watlington is its convenience to so many areas. The M40 Junction 6 is just 6 minutes up the road – taking you quickly into Oxford (although we do prefer the back road!) with all that wonderful City has to offer, or in the other direction up to London – we often find ourselves popping into London on The Oxford Tube (which stops at Junction 6 – very handy!) for a show or to meet up with friends for dinner. Henley-on-Thames, known worldwide for the Royal Regatta is around 25 mins away, and of course the little villages and hamlets of the Chilterns, (also settings for many well known movies!) are so accessible from Watlington and just waiting to be explored. We have many favourites we would love to share with you!
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| Chiltern Hills |
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Watcombe Cottages bring you the best of Country & Village Living in reputedly the smallest town in England. Hoping you'll love our places, as we have loved creating them to be something special. Two cottages, next door to each other, sharing a beautiful back garden & terrace. The perfect scenario for families who want to get together, to celebrate something special, yet still have their own space! A haven for birdwatching, walking & cycling, village hopping & of course, simply being together!.
The Cottages are at the base of the beautiful Chiltern Hills, cycling & walking tracks galore, heritage houses abound, and the wonders of Oxford, Henley, and 'Midsomer Murder' adventures on your doorstep! You’ll love the cottage because of the garden in summer, the fires in winter, the aga at ALL times, and because the village has it all! Let us know if you fancy knowing more of the 'Watlington Experience'! The Space We welcome you into our cottage of Summer goodness, Autumn colours, Winter cosiness, and Spring gardens to rival some of the Flower shows we have been frequenting! We hope you will find the 'outside in' nature of our place very special in all seasons! AND for when it DOES get cold and slightly on the damp side - you can still sit 'in' it - whilst enjoying a good roaring fire and maybe a DVD or a movie from Netflix! OR if you come in the season when all things 'grow' - then you are welcome to the fruits and herbs and salads that are scattered throughout our garden! All in all - our aim is to make this 'getaway' one you will remember and want to return to! Guest Access We are on a quaint 'unadopted road' meaning it is quiet and only used by locals - it is unsealed, meaning that sometimes it is a little bit of a bumpy ride - but it keeps it unused by all those wanting to share in the goodness of Watlington! We love this village SO much - that we moved in next door! Having said that - the beauty of this is that we are on hand if you would like 'tips' as to how best spend your precious time here in Watlington and the surrounding areas - but also we quietly blend into the background so your privacy is guaranteed!
The Neighbourhood Watlington, although classed as a small town actually is like a large village and certainly has that ‘village’ feel to it. With quintessentially English architecture reflecting the well-known flint and brick buildings of The Chilterns area, Watlington has so much to offer that you will find that you may need more than a week to explore and certainly more than a weekend! Watlington and the surrounding area is often used as location sites for filming – including many scenes from Midsomer Murders – so you may recognise some of the buildings and people you come across during you stay in the area….. We love little our town and so have created our own Watlington Experience to share with you. It is a very short walk from Kate’s Cottage to the centre of town and a cornucopia of goodies! There is our very own Chocolatier – Tutu Delicious – you can see the chocolates being created by Zoe and visit the stylish retail shop next door where the policy is try before you buy – and we can guarantee that you will buy! Our local butcher – Calnan Brothers is a traditional family run butchers also located on the medieval High Street where there has been a butcher’s shop for over three hundred years. Pop in and meet Tom and his team and purchase some locally reared produce to take back to cook for dinner or maybe some luscious prime steak to throw on the BBQ, but not before popping into The Granary Deli & Café at No 18 and see the tables laden with a range of artisan breads, olives and cheeses, shelves stacked high with favourite ingredients including oils, vinegars, preserves, biscuits and store cupboard essentials. Robin also operates a try before your buy policy with his range of cheeses and he and his staff are always available to pass on their extensive knowledge. A shop I can rarely walk in to and leave without making a purchase is K is for Kitchen - Amanda has an eclectic and diverse range of products – everything you can think of for the kitchen – including the sink! Watlington Fine Wines is located in the new Wine Barn close to the bottom of the High Street and here you will find quality wines of the world displayed (including many from our ‘home’ down under!) Martin is friendly and welcoming and so do call in – his prices can give supermarkets a run for their money! If you are interested in antiques - just next to Martin are the premises of Jones & Jacob Auctioneers where auctions are held once a month and it is still possible to pick up a bargain! If you feel the need for a little bit of ‘me’ time Peppermint Lime is the place to go – where Natalie offers a wide range of treatments and therapies in relaxing and therapeutic surroundings. The day to day essentials are covered by the Co-Op which is open from 6 am to 10 pm daily, a pharmacy, post office and a hardware store. And then there are the pubs!! Watlington used to have around 35 pubs over a hundred years ago! but now we are down to 4 - The Fat Fox, The Carriers Arms, The Chequers and The Social – all serving a good range of food – mostly locally sourced - both at lunchtimes and evenings – so call in and meet the locals – you will find them friendly and welcoming! All this is within a short walk of Kate’s Cottage – so come and enjoy your own ‘Watlington Experience’! The beauty of Watlington is its convenience to so many areas. The M40 Junction 6 is just 6 minutes up the road – taking you quickly into Oxford (although we do prefer the back road!) with all that wonderful City has to offer, or in the other direction up to London – we often find ourselves popping into London on The Oxford Tube (which stops at Junction 6 – very handy!) for a show or to meet up with friends for dinner. Henley-on-Thames, known worldwide for the Royal Regatta is around 25 mins away, and of course the little villages and hamlets of the Chilterns, (also settings for many well known movies!) are so accessible from Watlington and just waiting to be explored. We have many favourites we would love to share with you!
Room type
Entire home/apt · 7 beds · 11 guests
Large luxury home between Henley on Thames and Marlow on private green. 10 min drive to Henley. 30 min to Heathrow, 45 min to London. Exceptionally appointed. Sitting room with open fire, Smallbone kitchen/dining room, garden room, (these open onto garden), study, annexe, 5 bedrooms, 5 bathrooms, garage, lovely terrace and private garden. Backs on to open fields and short walk to River Thames. WiFi and multi room AV (direct connect of music from your phone)
The property is set around a communal green but has its own front and back garden. It has been totally modernised inside with a Smallbone kitchen, comprising a range cooker, Miele appliances and a steam oven. The sitting room has French doors on to the garden and an open fire. The master bedroom has a Kingsize bed an ensuite shower/bath room and his and her dressing rooms. The 2nd bedroom is a Kingsize bed with an ensuite bathroom. The 3rd bedroom is Kingsize bed. The 4th bedroom is a small room with a double bed. These bedrooms can share the family bathroom or 1 can use the shower room downstairs. The 5th bedroom is in the annex and has a double bed and ensuite shower room. There is a separate study (with a sofa bed), utility room with an extra fridge freezer and a laundry with separate washer and dryer. The property benefits from very good wi-fi and has several TV's around the house. The garden room opens through French doors on to the back garden with far reaching views. There is a garden table and chairs, and a children's climbing frame with a swing and slide. There is a weber gas BBQ There is a double garage, with annex above. There is a private front and back garden, a communal green and a driveway shared with 4 other properties. There is a double garage with annex above. You will be met at the property and shown around the house. There is an extensive House Folder with instructions and manuals. There are also details about the local area and suggested restaurants.
Both Henley and Marlow are on the River Thames and the property is conveniently located between them. They are market towns with lots of tradition and both enjoy many river walks and activities. Henley is famous for the Rowing Regatta and Henley Festival held in July and many other summer fairs and festivals. The property is 40 min from Heathrow, 1 hour to London and 40 min to Oxford. Ideally a car is needed to get around or there is a bus stop at the end of the drive to Henley or Marlow. Henley and Marlow are on train lines to London.
Highly recomended! I came for a relaxing weekend with other 9 friends and this was the perfect place. Roslyn was very welcoming and provided us with lots of information about the house and local area. The house itself is beautiful and more than spacious enough for a group of ten.
DouglasOctober 2016
Fantastic house in a great location. I stayed with 9 other friends and two babies and the house was plenty spacious enough, Ros even supplies some toys for the children and board games for the adults. Ros is a fantastic welcoming and accommodating host, a small basket of goodies was provided and Ros was very relaxed about check out. I would highly recommend this house, really excellent value for money, high quality of finish throughout and a stunning well equipped kitchen.
RebeccaNovember 2016
Wonderful stay in a beautiful home. Ten of us stayed here for four days. The house was really great, very spacious and comfortable. Everything that we could have possibly needed was there and all facilities were there to use (dishwasher, oven, washing machine etc). The kitchen was fab and had everything we could want in it, including great cooking facilities, fridge space and coffee machines. Having the basic provisions provided (tea, coffee, butter, shower gel, shampoo, towels etc) made life easier and was a nice addition to the rental. The house itself is in such a beautiful place, it was extremely quiet and there were lovely views from the top floor. The house was huge and very well furnished. There were plenty of bathrooms for us all. Extremely accommodating with the collecting of keys for the flat as we were unable to give a definite time of arrival, it was made very easy. Made to feel incredibly welcome by a good luck note and gift, as we were staying in order to compete at Henley Women's Regatta. Would recommend this rental to anyone who wants to stay in this area - it was fantastic and we didn't want to leave!
EmilyJune 2016
We loved Ros' place. She was great in the run-up to the rental replying to messages really quickly and being so kind as to provide recommendations for local pubs and restaurants. The house overall is exactly as described and at a very high standard. Ros had kindly provided some basics and also lots of wood for the fire place. The kitchen is extremely well equipped. I can only recommend the house for a meeting of friends or family. In terms of location, you can simply cross the road and then hit a footpath through the forest, which is wonderful. On check-out, Ros kindly offered a later check-out time, which was very much appreciated. Overall can highly recommend this listing!
ChristianNovember 2016
This is a stunning property. Surrounded mostly by fields and a couple of other properties whose owners we hardly saw all weekend. It is therefore very peaceful. Yet it is only a few minutes drive to Marlow for shopping, eating, relaxing etc. And Henley is less than 15 minutes drive too so great for exploring, whether for a lazy few days away or a weekend filled with sporting activities. Ros was very helpful, keeping in regular touch with us and answering any questions we had about the property and what we could do in the local area. The house has everything you could think of, whether it be good Wifi, Nespresso machine (plus the capsules!), lots of bathrooms or a lovely outdoor space. It caters excellently for adults but as a large family we also felt there had been a lot of thought put into making sure children would be happy too. This included lots of books and toys available to play with as well as a lovely swings and slide set in the garden. It was also spotless when we arrived. I would definitely recommend this house, thank you to Ros and Claire for making it such a fab stay.
ClaireOctober 2016
We were there to celebrate a 70th birthday with family and the house was perfect for the 8 adults and 1 child. All the amenities you can think of and comfortable and spacious even for large families. We felt totally at home from the moment we stepped through the front door and were welcomed by Claire and shown round the house. All the rooms were spacious, clean and had all the amenities we needed in the bathrooms, kitchen and toys for our young son. The house also has some fantastic country walks just minutes from it and Henley is only a 10 min drive.
AliOctober 2016
Our stay at Ros' was fantastic. The house is brilliant; it is really big, but very cosy, and is kitted out with great modern tech. Ros had the place nicely stocked with the basics and more besides. The location is beautiful and it is very easy to get to from London by train or car.
JoeNovember 2016
We had a lovely stay - thank you Roslyn! The house was very spacious and clean. Roslyn was very responsive and helpfully suggested some activities and restaurants in Henley and Marlow.
MajdiOctober 2016
Entire home/apt · 5 beds · 10 guests · Business Travel Ready
The Limes is a large, beautifully presented country house set 1.5 acres of manicured gardens and grounds set in the depths of the Chiltern Hills near Great Missenden village (the home of Roahl Dahl) in Buckinghamshire . This rural location features an outdoor heated swimming pool which is warm (28*-30*c) between the end of May until September every year and stunning west-facing valley views across fields and hills which boasts glorious sunsets through the season. London is only 30 miles away.
The Limes is a large, beautifully presented country house set 1.5 acres of manicured gardens and grounds. The house sits in a quiet rural location near Great Missenden and benefits from fantastic west facing views across the Chiltern Hills and a heated outdoor swimming pool which is warm (28*-30*c) between the end of May until September every year. BEDROOMS: There is enough room for 10 guests (5 couples sharing). There are 4 bedrooms (3 double beds in 3 bedrooms & 1 bedroom with 2 single beds) in the main part of the house. The 5th bedroom is in the summer house in the garden with a blow up mattress and central heating. It has it's own entrance from the garden area but no bathroom. This room is recommended for use from May-October but is available during the winter months if necessary. PLEASE NOTE: Guests in the Summer House use the main house bathrooms. HOUSE & GARDEN: The Summer house is great for kids (and also is the 5th bedroom) and is situated in the garden by the veggie patch. There are multiple games (Croquet, Badminton, Rounders, Cricket, Football etc.) that can be found in the Summer House. There is also a trampoline (no net) in the garden, please be sure that children are supervised. There is gate access to Rignall wood at the top of the garden which has lovely circular walk around the local stud farm where there are numerous horses, alpacas, donkeys and a large black pig. The house is also close to footpaths which takes you up onto the famous Ridgeway path that runs the length of The Chiltern Hills and passes through Combe Hill (noted in the 100 Best Views in England book by Simon Jenkins). The property has a pergola and multiple outside seating areas and a swing in the large chestnut tree, there is also a swing bench under the willow. The vegetable patch is always full of produce during the growing season. The kitchen at The Limes is large and very well equipped with everything you might need including a large double module AGA for all your family needs. There is also a large gas OUTBACK BBQ and a wood/coal fired BBQ if you so wish. There is a fire-pit too for those who like being outdoors at night. Wood is provided but please replace where possible. The Limes outside space is perfect for large group events (birthday pool parties, wedding receptions or corporate events). If you wish to have an event here then there is an extra surcharge on top of the guest nightly rate for using the garden/pool areas for an event. This will be calculated upon request. PLEASE NOTE: extra guests for an event may not stay overnight in the main house, only the group on the original booking can do so. Access to the house is off Broombarn Lane (about 100 yards up from Rignall Road) and has double driveway with plenty of parking for a number of cars. If there is need for further parking, the lower garage has it's own driveway too and access can be made from down the lane. Please ask if you need access to this driveway as the gate is usually locked. Myself or someone will undoubtedly be onsite or nearby during your stay as we live at the property in a separate part of the house. Any information or help you might need please feel free to ask and we'll be happy to assist you with the house or anything to do with the local area or anything else you might need.
There are a number of wonderful things to experience in the area most notably some beautiful villages, walks and exceptional pubs. A list of these and their contact details will be provided on arrival in the Information Manual. There is an information board in the utility room with further information and a rack of pamphlets in the entrance hall with various things to do and see plus many OS walking maps of the area. POINTS OF INTEREST: The famous Roalh Dahl Museum is close-by in Great Missenden and a great thing to do with kids. Odds Farm & Bekonscot Model Village are a 20 min drive away near Beaconsfield and perfect for families. Waddesdon Manor (NT) is a must see Rothschild stately home and open to the public. Coombe Hill is a local monument walk with phenomenal views. PUBS & RESTAURANTS: There is a list of local pubs, restaurants and points of interest when you arrive but here are a few of my favourite pubs to start you off... The Royal Standard of England Pub - Forty Green (the oldest freehouse in England at 900 years old) is a must when in the area. A 15 minute drive but well worth it. The Full Moon - Little Kingshill The Old Swan - Swan Bottom The Nags Head - Great Missenden The Elephant & Castle - Old Amersham The Russell Arms - Butlers Cross (Coombe Hill walk nearby) The Plough At Cadsden (great circular walk) The Cross Keys - Great Missenden RESTAURANTS in Great Missenden (we mostly eat in the Pubs) Sukhothai - Thai in Great Missenden New Akash - Indian in Great Missenden *Sir Charles Napier - Michelin Star pub/restaurant in Chinnor (a little further away than our locals but definitely a must if you want to splash out) WALKS There are many walks in the area that join the famous South Bucks Way & Ridgeway path. Coombe Hill is probably one of the most spectacular views anywhere in the Chiltern Hills. Most walks (if followed correctly) take to one of our local pubs. There are OS Maps available at the house if you need them. There are plenty of local cab companies should you require. Numbers will be provided on arrival. If any guests are arriving by train we can provide you with local cab company names or where possible we can pick you up from Great Missenden station. Please ask if you need collecting. Trains leave London Marylebone every 30 minutes and the journey time is 40 minutes into Great Missenden which is only 1 mile away.
Had a fantastic stay at the Limes. We held our corporate team away day/night there. We took 12 people with us and Nolan was brilliant at making us feel at home and made sure we had everything we needed. The pool and gardens looked amazing although unfortunately we didn't have much time to enjoy them. Would definitely recommend for a similar getaway with a small team or with a group of pals. Thanks again Nolan!
EddyJune 2016
Nolan was a perfect host making us feel very welcome in his home. He is a lovely person and went out if his way to ensure my birthday celebration went smoothly. Also he was welcoming to any guests he met. The Limes is an amazing place for a special celebration. We had supper for 13 adults and lunch for 16 plus children and the house was a perfect size. Even though it rained we went in the pool that Nolan had taken the trouble to ensure was warm. The bedrooms were comfortable and clean and the bathrooms had plenty of hot water. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend the Limes
PatSeptember 2016
Nolan was a fantastic host and brilliantly friendly and welcoming. The house was set in beautiful grounds and fit perfectly for what we needed. I'd definitely visit again!
JamesMay 2016
We stayed at the Limes recently. The communication with the host was excellent and directions and instructions very clear. The house was absolutely super, really comfortable and very homely. First class.
PaulMarch 2016
Nolan was an extremely welcoming and helpful host. He was highly responsive and made sure we had a wonderful stay. We'd definitely recommend The Limes to anyone!
YidiApril 2016
I booked this house as a surprise for a luxury-feel hen party of 10 and i wasn't disappointed! Everyone was in awe of what a beautiful place it was. Nolan and his girlfriend were the perfect hosts and allowed me to set up everything the afternoon before in preparation for the next day, and even took a delivery for me as I was unable to get there in time. We had such a magical time at The Limes, having afternoon tea under the pergola in the garden, playing games in the pool and a three course meal in the grand dining room in the evening made for a very unforgettable day. We wished we could have stayed a bit longer to make use of the trampoline, fire pits, garden games area, and explore the surrounding woods! There was fresh bedding and towels for everyone laid out on arrival, plenty of fire wood, and a very handy handbook of the house. I couldn't have asked for anything more, it really is the perfect house, with perfect hosts and the perfect venue to make my sisters day so special!
KatherineAugust 2016
We had a great week end at Nolan's charming house. We used 4 of the 6 bedrooms as we have small children who were sleeping in travel cot beds with us. The house is very well equipped and cosy and warm. Nolan was very helpful. One thing to note is that the bed in the two smaller bedrooms would be too small for very tall people like my friend (1.90meter). Kids lover the trampoline in the garden.
Lionel&ScarlettApril 2016
Entire home/apt · 6 beds · 10 guests · Business Travel Ready
My place is close to Roald Dahl Museum and Great Missenden Station. You’ll love my place because of the cosiness, the location, the people, the Chiltern Hills. My place is good for couples, solo adventurers, and business travellers. Rooms can also be individually let.
A 15th Century Country Inn & Restaurant. Full of character including an inglenook fireplace, which forms the centrepiece of the charming inn where many of statesmen and writers have sat. We have 5 individual ensuite rooms that are tastefully decorated. They can be let altogether or separately. Guests have access to the public bar and restaurant. Free Wifi available at all times. Tennis courts and golf club next door which are available when booked. A very spacious garden area too where food and drinks are served. Everyday you will be in contact with myself or one of our lovely staff who are always happy to help
Stunning countryside with broad green slopes set off by Beech woods and grazing cattle. Also the home of children's author Roald Dahl. Great Missenden Railway station is located 1 mile away and is easy to walk to. Taxis are always available.
Room type
Private room · 7 beds · 11 guests
This luxury Victorian Manor House is nestled in the Chiltern Countryside, close to the beautiful towns of Marlow and Henley. There are many local Country pubs and restaurants some within walking distance. The property is an excellent space for celebrations and is finished to a very high standard. 29 mins by train High Wycombe to London Marylebone Easy access to Oxford & Bicester Village Outlet 5 minute drive to the M40.
Three-storey galleried entrance hallway with magnificent marble fireplace and grand table with dining/conference facilities for 18+. Living room with TV and open fire in 17th century carved fireplace. Drawing room with TV, Victorian fireplace and mini grand piano. Kitchen/breakfast/dining room with TV, double height stone fireplace, breakfast island and granite worktops. Utility. Sun room. Cloakroom with toilet. Lower ground floor: Cinema room with TV (seats 8). First floor: Galleried landing. 1. Master bedroom suite with King size bed and 2 additional single beds TV, marble fireplace leading to large en-suite bathroom with Jacuzzi bath, walk-in shower and toilet. 2. Double bedroom with half-tester bed, 2 additional single beds and en-suite wet room with toilet. 3. Double bedroom with Superking half tester bed, stone fireplace and en-suite wet room with toilet. Second floor: Galleried landing. 4.Double bedroom double bed and childs cot plus an en-suite bathroom with over-bath shower and toilet. 5. Double bedroom with 2 x double beds and en-suite bathroom with over-bath shower and toilet. 6. Double bedroom with Double bed and 2 x single beds. Bathroom with TV, Jacuzzi bath, separate steam shower cubicle, sauna and toilet. Open fire - initial fuel included, thereafter available locally Gas, electricity, full gas central heating, bed linen and towels included Gas and charcoal barbecues Luxury food & wine welcome pack Six Freesat TVs, Sky sports, Freeview, Microwave Washer/dryer Two dishwashers Two fridge/freezers Wi-fi Large garden with furniture Ample parking Pets free of charge No smoking except in orangery You’ll love my place because of the unique and luxury decor, beautiful gardens and situated in a lovely village setting with amazing chiltern walks and country pubs yet a short distance from the vibrant towns of Marlow and Henley. My place is good for celebrations, gatherings, Company requiring Monday to Friday accommodation for staff, meetings, events, couples, business travelers, & families. My guests have private use of the whole property and gardens Should you need any assistance during your stay, the owners or family will be available to help
Explore all that Buckinghamshire has to offer from this grand holiday property, that can accommodate up to 23 guests! Accessed via a gated driveway, this handsome detached Victorian period Manor House offers superbly presented accommodation over four storeys, with an impressive central galleried entrance hallway. The property has a good layout which could accommodate large family gatherings or special occasions having a grand table with seating for 20. The drawing room also has a famous white mini grand piano from the Savoy Hotel in London, that Frank Sinatra used to play when he stayed there. The decorative finish is consistent and beautifully attractive throughout the property, which is furnished with period features and antiques. Woodside House is located on the B482, and is convenient for access to the M40 via Stokenchurch. The village of Lane End, with its numerous shops and eateries is less than 2 miles away, with the larger facilities at the riverside town of Marlow about 6 miles away. There is farmland opposite the property with numerous footpaths snaking all over the Chiltern Hills, providing for wonderful walks. There are countless small villages and hamlets within a few miles, including the coveted villages of Fingest, Hambleden and Turville (of Vicar of Dibley and Midsomer Murders fame), each with its pretty environment and popular pubs. The Chilterns is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is situated between London and Oxford. The region offers superb scenery, tucked-away villages and market towns. This property is ideally located to enjoy Buckinghamshire’s lovely countryside walks and bridleways, and makes an ideal base for walking, trekking, horse riding and cycling holidays. The accommodation is in close proximity to the historic Ridgeway Trail and is not far from the start of the ancient Icknield Way at Ivinghoe Beacon. There are several stately homes and National Trust properties in the area: Chequers, the prime minister’s country estate is close by, as is Great Missenden, with its curving high street of half timbered houses and Georgian shops, as well as the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre. Marlow and Henley provide attractive access for riverside walks along the Thames Path in addition to designer shopping and numerous bars and restaurants. Bicester Village shopping outlets are 30 minutes away, plus Aylesbury and other large towns including High Wycombe, Milton Keynes and Windsor are all less than 1 hour away. The area has a number of world class spa's within a short drive for those wishing to pamper themselves during their stay. There is ample parking for up to 8 cars and space opposite on the village green for 30+ vehicles. There is a fast 40-minute train link into London’s Marylebone Station for those wanting a day out in the capital and 500 yards away from an AA rosette village restaurant and pub. Tesco 3 miles, village shop 2 miles.
Clear communications received from Adrian. Lovely property, great for entertaining we made use of the large dining table.
CharlotteNovember 2016
Staying at Woodside house was amazing and enjoyed by all of the 12 guests that stayed. The house is stunning in beautiful grounds. It made for a great weekend away thanks Adrian
JamesSeptember 2016
A great, opulent and crazy house, nothing boring about this place, and definitely one to remember, fabulous for a party and plenty to do for all ages, we had lovely weather so went into Marlow and some lovely pubs but there was loads to do in the house if the weather had been miserable. Can't wait to come back in the summer and make the most of the BBQ and garden. There was loads of information about the house and local area. A great weekend, thank you
Mary-AnnOctober 2016
Amazing don't really describe this place,magical in some ways,surreal to say the least. Everyone was in awe and overwhelmed. It was perfect for an unforgettable weekend. Had everything we needed and the location is perfect, enough shops /pubs and restaurants nearby and close enough for a London commute. The decor is brilliant and mad for some great photo's. The hamper was also a nice touch, thank you.
JohanSeptember 2016
A breathtakingly beautiful house, even more so than the pictures suggest. A house that caters for pretty much everything you could possibly want. I doubt anyone could not enjoy their stay.
LorcanDecember 2016
Entire home/apt · 13 beds · 16 guests · Business Travel Ready
Great private house, overlooking fields open plan, 4 bed, can sleep up to 16; dining up to 16, hot tub, 2 mins all amenities. Fabulous restaurants in close proximity. South facing, spacious, large rooms, lounge with balcony. Self contained annex also available by arrangement Great location for cycling, riding, walking.
Quite simply the views, the space and the feel of the house! There is also a self contained flat attached to the house which can be rented by separate arrangement. It has kitchen, bathroom, sitting/ bedroom and dining area. It sleeps 2 generally but a blow up bed can support a further 2 people. Despite the house being on its own in a quiet location all amenities are on tap and the area is surrounded by good restaurants and pubs. When renting the whole house everything other than the locked office and locked wardrobes including outside seating area and hot tub M4, M40, 25 mins London, 40 Heathrow.AONB Henley on Thames/Reading 5miles.
Good restaurants/pubs; AWT 2 mins,The Cooked Billet,Fat Duck, French Horn. Henley is beautiful on the thames,with boat hire, cinema and theatre. Transport is very good, there are train stations in both Reading and Henley, both only 5 miles away. A bus service runs regularly from the end of the road to Reading and a less frequent service to Henley. There is also a very good local taxi service, cost to Henley £10 There are steps at the front and rear of the property.
Room type
Entire home/apt · 6 beds · 11 guests
Historic Manor House, set in the heart of the ancient Chilterns countryside. This beautiful Manor is 600 years old, with landmark Tudor chimneys. It sleeps between 1 to 16+ people. Surrounded by open countryside, perfect for long country walks, gastropubs, cycling, golf, shopping & culture. Great transport links, a few minutes to the train station and historic market town of Wendover, 45 minutes to London, 20 minutes to the shopping towns of Aylesbury, Tring, Beaconsfield & High Wycombe.
The house comes with many acres of the UK's most beautiful countryside. There is ample parking, a children's playground, an apple & plum orchard, paddocks, and a pretty walled garden in which to get away from it all. An animal-lovers paradise, you will be able to visit our pet pigs and chickens, cuddle our cats, watch our goldfish and see the livery next door's pet sheep and their many pampered horses. The Manor is very well-known, as it is reputed to have a secret tunnel to Chequers - the Prime Minister's country retreat, which is nearby. Judge Jeffreys (The Hanging Judge) also stayed at the Manor during the Aylesbury Assizes. Locals have always said that the house is haunted although we have never seen any evidence! There are lots of local festivals nearby that you can visit while you are here, such as Chillfest, Pennfest, Midsummer Music, Wendover Celebrates, The Chilterns Show etc. Muddy Stilettoes is a great blog which showcases all the local events. Many internationally renowned Michelin-starred restaurants are close by: Raymond Blanc's Le Manoir, The Napolean, The Artichoke in Amersham.. and of course there's The Grove hotel and too many fantastic Gastropubs to mention. Essential after all that walking! The Manor is professionally interior-designed thorughout. Every modern comfort is available in an ancient and historic setting. Weddings, perties, photo shoots, film location work, and events can be accomodated by prior agreement. There is plenty of room for extra guests - let us know and we will organise extra beds for them. 16 is the ideal number but we can accommodate extra people in the Manor at £50 per adult, £20 per child per night. We are happy to accomodate any number of extra guests in bell tents within the stunning grounds - please enquire. Various wings of the house are also available to smaller groups, and bedrooms are available to rent on their own for single travellers, couples or families. Please enquire for prices or search for the Air B&B links. The "Club Rooms", a separate facility with 30,000 vinyl records, twin turntable decks and a pool/snooker room occupy a wing of the house & can be rented seperately - please enquire. You will be able to access the basement, ground, first and top floors of the house. Basement Contains a laundry, with Miele washing machine & tumble dryer, iron, ironing boards and drying rails. Ground Floor Boot room with butlers sink, kitchen with Aga, dining table & chairs to seat 8. Guest WC, waiting area Drawing room Living room with big inglenook fireplace Porch with double doors that opens living room out straight onto the formal garden Formal dining room and library Courtyard entrance and stairwell First floor Master bedroom with en-suite Double bedroom Twin bedroom Double bedromm Family bathroom Double bedroom with walk-in shower room Twin bedroom sharing shower room Top floor Double bedroom Living room/extra bedroom Shower room Entrance to the roof parapet for wonderful views of the rolling countryside.. a perfect platform for Fireworks night or New Yaer's Eve! The Chilterns area is an Area Of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and as such is a top destination for walkers. We can recommend many lovely walks and places of interest to visit, and with some advance notice we can arrange airport transfers, theatre tickets, cycle/car hire, private chefs, local art/sewing/furniture painting classes, outdoor and indoor excercise classes, even helicopter rides... If you want to begin your holiday the moment you arrive, we would recommend a "Welcome Pack" upon your arrival, which typically would include a seasonal buffet lunch/supper/drinks catering to your group, plus tea, coffee, fresh milk, and breakfast items. Please ask for anything to make your stay a truly happy & comfortable one!
The Manor is very secluded & set in open countryside, yet it is only 10 minutes by foot, or 3 minutes in the car to the historic market town of Wendover, and it's wonderful shopping, restaurants and gastropubs. Called the "Gateway to The Chilterns", Wendover has been awarded "Buckinghamshire's Best-Kept Village". The Manor is close to many famously beautiful walks, such as The Ridgeway, Coombe `Hill, and Chequers (the Prime Minister's country retreat). Local shopping destinations include Bicester Shopping Village, Beaconsfield, Amersham, Tring, High Wycombe and Aylesbury. There is ample parking at the property. The train station is a just few minutes walk, or a 2 minute drive, from where you can reach central London (Marylebone) in as little as 45 minutes. Cycling, walking and jogging are very popular pastimes locally as the countryside is some of the best to be found in the UK. We have cats and goldfish that stay in the house, and there are pigs, chickens, horses and sheep on the surrounding fields. In very icy weather a 4-wheel drive may be necessary, although this can be avoided by parking at the entrance to the driveway. The lane to the house is half a mile long & is narrow, so relaxed driving and occasional reversing to let a car or horse past is helpful.
Room type
Entire home/apt · 10 beds · 14 guests
A beautiful barn conversion in picturesque Stonor Valley, 10 mins from Henley-on-Thames. The barn is surrounded by a 5 acre garden shared with our farmhouse and enjoys spectacular views. Use of tennis court & indoor pool.
As you enter the barn through tall glass doors, you come into an open-plan sitting room, with double height ceiling and a comfortable seating area. To the right and still part of this open plan room, is a dining table that seats up to 12 and a fully equipped kitchen with fridge, freezer, oven, hob and a dishwasher. Please note that the open plan space can accommodate a table for 22 and this can be set up for a special occasion. Also on the ground floor are two double bedrooms and a bathroom. Upstairs, the barn is made up of two large mezzanine rooms accessed by two staircases flanking the fire place. To the right above the kitchen and dining area is a large family bedroom (described under Accommodation) and to the left on the mezzanine is a Games Room, with a full sized billiard table. The fire place is a focal point of the open plan living room and is in good working order, logs will be provided although the barn is centrally heated. There is no washing machine or tumble dryer but a laundry service can be provided at an additional cost by the owner. Accommodation: This property is advertised for 12, it is ideal for that number if shared between two families with children but for an adult group wanting their own space and privacy we would recommend it for a group of 6, two in each of the three rooms. It can be scaled up further in terms of beds to a maximum of 14 on sofa beds (x2 singles) and truckles (single bed in Master with one truckle below) and doubles (x 5 across x 3 rooms) ideal for special celebrations with close family or friends. Please note there is only one bathroom though! The bathroom is spacious, with loo, sink, bath and separate wet-room shower. The accommodation comprises: x 1 double bedroom that sleeps 3 (1 double bed and a single bed, there is a truckle under this single bed so could work for two children) x 1 double bedroom that sleeps 2 (1 double bed) x 1 family bedroom / children's room - this is located on the mezzanine level and sleeps 7 (x 3 double beds and one single sofa bed). Please note that this is on a mezzanine and open to the living area below. A travel cot is also available for small infants. In the Games Room there is a further single sofa bed if required. Tennis Court: This is right next door to the guest house and can be used by guests as they please. Swimming Pool: The indoor pool is attached to the farmhouse and must be accessed via the house, therefore it will be offered by special arrangement although in reality it is at your disposal. If this is of particular interest please discuss in advance. You will have exclusive access to the converted barn. This will be approached from a shared drive with the farmhouse. You will have full access to the 5 acre garden which is shared with the farmhouse. Use of climbing frames and trampoline is welcome but totally at the risk of users and should be monitored by an adult. Parents of small children should be aware that there is a small shallow pond that is a good distance from the barn but is not covered. Plenty of parking is available. Unless stated otherwise, we will be available to help with any queries during your stay, we will also provide a book full of local information that can sent by pdf in advance to help you organise your stay. A welcome box with basic food essentials can be provided for £25 at request.
The Stonor Valley is situated in the Chilterns just 10 minutes drive from Henley-on-Thames and is an area of outstanding natural beauty. The village of Pishill, is charming, it has a local pub, The Crown Inn and a 12th century church. This is a dream location for walkers and cyclists. We provide a map to help you plan walking and cycling routes. For those seeking a little culture, we are also just a mile away from neighbouring village, Stonor where the impressive country house, Stonor Park is situated amidst a stunning deer park. The house and garden are open to the public at restricted times, so check their website before planning your visit. Whilst this is a rural area, there is no shortage of good places to eat from Michelin starred restaurants to honest local pubs, many within walking distance and all listed in the information booklet, a pdf of which can be sent to you prior to your stay. If you are celebrating a special occasion, we have two 2-star Michelin restaurants in easy reach although early booking is essential. - Raymond Blanch's 'Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons' in Great Milton is 20 minutes away - Tom Kerridge's 'Hand and Flowers' in Marlow is 15 minutes away. Otherwise, for more down to earth dining, there are so many wonderful pubs to choose from serving restaurant standard food to honest pub grub. Henley-on-Thames and Marlow are both beautiful historic towns, boasting lovely walks along the banks of the Thames, good retail therapy with many boutique shops and a good selection of restaurants. Henley has a charming cinema, Regency theatre and the Water and Rowing Museum that alongside a history of rowing, tells the tale of Kenneth Grahame's 'Wind in the Willows' inspired by this stretch of the river. Boat trips and boat hire are possible from both Marlow and Henley. There are lots of events going on in the area and Pishill is the ideal place to stay of you are visiting: Henley Royal Regatta, Henley Festival, Henley Literary Festival, Garsington Opera (now located on Getty Estate just a few miles away), Ascot Races (40 minutes). Car: Once here in this rural idyll, you can hardly believe that you are so close to the picturesque towns of Henley, Marlow, Watlington and Wallingford, 30 minutes from Oxford, 30 minutes from Bicester Village (Retail Outlet) and just 1 hour from London. We are also 45 minutes from Heathrow Airport, 1 hour from Luton Airport and 1 hour 30 minutes from Gatwick airport. For Local Taxi try Chiltern Cars and for car hire Cavesham Vehicle Hire (£5 delivery and £5 pick up charge to Henley + rental) Pishill is situated between the M40 (junction 5 -Stokenchurch - 15 minutes) and the M4 (Junction 8/9 - Maidenhead 25 minutes). Trains: We are 10 minutes from Henley Railway Station. A taxi from the station will cost you £16-£20. We are 20 minutes from High Wycombe Station, 35 minutes from Didcot Station and 25 minutes from Maidenhead station, all have fast trains from London to the north and west. There are no buses in Stonor Valley that can be relied upon therefore a car is desirable to make the most of this area unless you are content with the walks and pubs on the door step. Bed linen, bath and pool towels will provided by a hire company and charged at cost, £55 in total regardless of group size. No stag parties, sorry guys! You are welcome on another occasions.
This is a beautiful barn conversion in a reasonably quiet spot. It was a very nice place to stay. The local pub is good and there are lovely walks on nearby Christmas Common. The bathroom is very high end. The fridge is small, especially for a large group over Christmas, and we were not able to chill any drinks. There were plenty of pans, crockery and cutlery. Also helpful and thoughtful touches like an electric whisk, properly sharp knives and napkins. There are only two bedrooms, so as a large group be prepared for open plan sleeping arrangements. The beds are comfortable and the linen fresh. Also the open plan areas are huge so space is not an issue. The hosts house is attached to the pool and very close to the barn, though the hosts were in fact away during our stay. The tennis court is lovely but guests should be prepared to take rackets and tennis balls as those left were flat and had minimal bounce. There is only one bathroom in the barn and one remote bathroom next to the owners accommodation by the pool. This wasn't really enough as we were a large group of nine. The bathrooms were very nice though with good showers and nice smelling toiletries. The house heats very easily in spite of being open plan and very large and we only needed the heating for part of the day. The pool is lovely. The garden is nice and the Red Kites are a joy to watch overhead.
JaneDecember 2016
Booked for a hen do and had an awesome weekend here. The accommodation is well equipped, very spacious, really comfy beds and beautiful interior. Likewise the gardens have everything, space, seating and stunning views. Sarah was very helpful and I would definitely recommend a stay here.
MelJune 2016
We had a great time in your amazing barn. We were 3 families with 2kids+baby each. It was a bit challenging with the open family room but still doable and would definitely work with no babies. The place was fully equipped in the bathroom, swimming pool and especially the kitchen (loved your cooking set and dishes!!!) Our kids also enjoyed the toys you left for us (of course we brought our own but it was completely unnecessary
YaaraJanuary 2016
The house was perfect for exactly we needed for a mixed group to get away for a few days. Sarah was very accommodating and was there to answer any queries we may have had. There are some lovely recommendations for walks and pubs within the local area which we took advantage of. A very enjoyable weekend and a good time was enjoyed by all!!
TomNovember 2016
Very enjoyable stay, Sara was fantastic, and very accommodating with our children. Will be back
jobyApril 2016
Sarah gave us a very warm welcome when we arrived helped us to set up and told us where everything was and to give her a knock if we needed anything. We were left alone for the whole weekend in disturbed. The place was fantastic. The pool is great and the snooker area is a chill out zone. There was 9 guys all family and we had a great time at the place. Place was warm throughout we had the use of the fireplace. It was big enough for us initially we were worried about the one toilet but it was never an issue as we had access to the toilet near the pool area. Wifi was great. And even tho there was no mobile signal it helped the group spend quality time without our heads in the phones. I hope to return again in the future . Thank you for being great hosts
ZakariaMarch 2016
Sarah emailed me and text messaged me and she was very understanding of my changing arrangements as I planned a family party. We had a lovely saty in a beautiful setting
PhilAugust 2016
A group of 10 friends stayed here over the bank holiday weekend and it was perfect for what we wanted - plenty of activities to keep us busy e.g. swimming, tennis, pool table, and lots of outdoor space to explore! The inside of the barn was amazing and we really appreciated the gorgeous toiletries that Sarah left us to use. We also went for a lovely walk to a nearby pub that Sarah recommended - she was extremely helpful in the lead up to us arriving. Everyone absolutely loved the trip and we couldn't have asked for a better location!
MichaelaAugust 2016
Entire home/apt · 6 beds · 12 guests · Business Travel Ready
Enjoy the beautiful regatta town of Henley on Thames. Our house is located on one of the most desirable roads in central Henley. A grade II listed property which forms part of the steep history of the town. The house has the benefit of parking for two cars on our private driveway, a rarity for the town. The river Thames is at the bottom of the road, app. 50m away! The 200ft garden is an oasis in the middle of town. An amazing centrally located home which would make an ideal base for a holiday.
An outstanding townhouse right in the centre of Henley. Park the car and enjoy all the delights of the town, river and surrounding countryside. Ground floor: modern kitchen with all amenities,ground floor lounge/dining room,playroom and study (with additional sofa bed if required). First Floor Very large first floor formal sitting/dining room. Double bedroom and bathroom. Second floor Double bedroom Single bedroom Large bedroom with bunk bed. Bathroom. The house is yours, treat it well and like your own. House would be all to guests
Henley on Thames is picture postcard stuff. An immaculate historical town that has it all. Great shops, pubs, restaurants, the River Thames, events such as the Regatta, Henley Festival, Rewind. All set in the immaculate Oxfordshire countryside. Henley train station is a five minute walk and transport in the town can take you other local towns such as Marlow.
Room type
Entire home/apt · 5 beds · 8 guests
Live the Downton Abbey dream at this romantic Cotswold cottage near Oxford. Cosy, inviting rooms, meticulously appointed to a 5-star standard, riverside garden, heavenly views, all nestled within the Blenheim Palace Estate, a world-heritage site.
There are a million and one reasons to stay at Water Meadow Cottage on the Blenheim Palace Estate, home to the 12th Duke and Duchess of Marlborough and the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill. The cottage is a wonderfully exclusive holiday retreat, perfect for those wanting a taste of English country life, steeped in history. You can wander around, past the grass-nibbling sheep and unassuming tourists, and casually pretend it's ALL yours. The cottage is 200 years old and built in the iconic Cotswold stone, meticulously restored to retain the charms of its past while offering the comforts of today. We have to mention the cottage's dreamy summerhouse, overlooking the meadows and river, plus the fully stocked honesty larder. Water Meadow Cottage offers two sumptuous, beautifully designed double bedrooms and a large family bathroom. Downstairs you will find two reception rooms, fully equipped kitchen, WC and a separate utility room with washing machine and dryer. Other facilities include hair dryer, satellite TV, DVD player, iPod docking stations, Wi-Fi and free parking for up to two cars. Once at the bottom of the off-track woodland private drive, guests are in their own private hideaway which includes parking for 2 cars. The two-storey, two-bedroom Cotswold stone cottage with its charming clapboard summer house is set within the landscaped grounds which sits on the edge of the River Evenlode. The garden is fully enclosed. Only guests have access to the spectacular pastoral views such as the Duke’s sheep filled meadows. Expect hotel concierge service at your fingertips when you book a stay at Water Meadow Cottage. It’s managed by Unlisted, London’s luxury lifestyle service. They’ll organise everything from drivers and nappy bins, to tickets for events. If your stay is one to celebrate – they will whip up superb seasonal catering served by a maid in uniform or if you want you can choose good healthy meals ready on arrival.
Far from the maddening crowds – yet on your door step you will find something for everyone: Do explore Blenheim Palace if you've never been: there are gilded state halls, impressive artworks, and the room where Winston Churchill was born, while outside are 2,000 acres of 'Capability' Brown landscaped parkland, including a huge lake, formal gardens and a butterfly centre reached by mini-train. The world-famous university city of Oxford is also on your doorstep (20 mins), and this is a good base from which to explore its stunning colleges, riverside meadows, ivory-towered backstreets and truly astounding museums (just watch where you park - or use the Park & Ride). It's 20 mins' drive to Charlbury or Burford, 2 quintessentially Cotswold towns packed with olde-worlde charm, and not much further to the tiny but idyllic 'Slaughter' hamlets. If you've done all those, I love the atmospherically crumbling ruins of Minster Lovell Hall (15 mins) - perfect for picnics, and even wild swimming if it's sunny. And if not, you could do a lot worse than browse the cut-price designer outlets at Bicester Village (30 mins). The Cottage is 500m from the village of Long Hanborough (which has a few shops including a local supermarket), 4km from Woodstock (which has a wider range of shops and restaurants), and 15km from the city of Oxford. By Air: London Heathrow (85km) is your best bet if arriving from overseas. There is also a small airfield outside Oxford (just 6km away) which receives a few domestic/shorthaul flights - or private flights if you're feeling flush. By Car: It's certainly easiest to arrive by car, as the cottage is at the end of a forest track, not really within walking distance of shops and restaurants (apart from one hotel about 500m / 10 mins' walk away). The cottage has a covered garage, and the track is passable for all but the lowest-slung sports cars. Approximate driving time from London is 1.5 hours, likewise Birmingham or Bristol. By Train: The nearest train station is Hanborough (less than ½ km away), which is connected to London Paddington by hourly direct trains (journey time approx 1h15). Taxis can be arranged from the station if you really want to visit without a car. Detailed directions will be sent to you when your booking is confirmed. This is a great place to come with children of all ages: they can enjoy the riverside garden and the surrounding woods, and younger ones can partake in children's activities on offer at Blenheim Palace. Parents of toddlers should know there is a safe enclosed garden opposite the dining terrace, so you can keep an eye on them while relaxing with a drink or meal. Even teenagers find it hard not to enjoy switching off and communicating with nature. Sun loungers, picnic hamper, BBQ and croquet are the little extras that embellish the long summer days with endless outdoor excitement, while the eco-fireplaces, family board games, extensive DVD collection and eclectic range of literature will keep you cosy and entertained on a cold winter evening. The kitchen opens out onto a covered south facing terrace for al fresco dining with beautiful views of the meadows and river, and the adjacent, pristine lawn is perfect for garden party entertaining. Complimentary fresh eggs, milk, bread, butter, tea and coffee will be available to you. There is an honesty larder - WMC’s version of a hotel mini-bar with-out the mark-ups containing a fine collection if wine, spirits, and other foodie and spa essentials – to make your stay extra indulgent. PET PERKS - One large or two small dogs are welcome at the Cottage, and, upon arrival, you will find a complimentary luxury doggy hamper containing a comfy bed, bowls, doggy bags and paw wipes, as well as high quality wet and dry food and toys.
We stayed at the WMC for a long weekend and could not be happier with the experience. The communication prior to, during and after our visit was clear and forthcoming. Getting in and checking out is very easy and fluent, allowing maximum flexibility to the guest. The cottage is wonderfully decorated and has everything you need for a cosy and comfortable stay. The hosts ensure that we had everything we needed - provided us with milk/bread/eggs to tie us over for the immediate needs as well as shower gel/soap/washing powder. You can simply arrive and don't need to worry about anything. We stayed with a 1 year old and the hosts provided everything we needed (cotbed, nappy bin, highchair). We are very happy with our stay and look forward to visiting again.
StefanDecember 2015
Fantastic cottage with excellent welcome service, and perfect location! We had a wonderful time and couldn't recommend it more.
AnthonyJanuary 2016
Entire home/apt · 2 beds · 4 guests
Large three bedroom house, sleeps 11. Big sociable kitchen, comfy luxury lounge, karaoke bar garden room set up with all you need for karaoke evening in. Hot tub all year. Two bathrooms plus toilet. Set up for a great weekend with family/friends. Private Chef/Beauty treatments can be arranged.
Set up for sociable weekends with friends or great family house. Sleeps 9 in three bedrooms plus sofa bed in lounge. Two large bathrooms. Big kitchen diner, karaoke bar room, large comfortable lounge, garden, patio and hot tub. Great location close to Oxford in village with two pubs and village shop. Guest have exclusive use of the whole house and garden. Off road parking. We meet and greet and then leave you to it unless you would like your week or weekend fully catered, a private dinner party, a chef for the day or high quality beauty treatments in house.
Beautiful village on edge of Oxford close to Shotover Country Park. Quiet neighbour hood but easy access to all Oxford has to offer. Yes good bus service to Oxford City Centre takes 20 minutes. Just on the edge of Oxford ring road easy reach of bus and train stations. Bank holidays and school holiday prices will be higher please ask for a quote.
Sian and her housekeeper Helen were wonderfully helpful and made us all feel instantly welcome and looked after. Sian's home is spacious, well appointed, very comfy and well equipped. Everything was spotless and well prepared before our arrival. The kitchen was also stocked with all the usual non-perishable essential items which we were only asked to replace prior to departure, making initial arrival all the more smooth. There is a store in the village with all the essentials, a nice local pub around the corner and Oxford is 15-20 minutes away by car depending on where you're going. Quiet and very relaxing suburban neighborhood. The fun factor of things like the karaoke machine and amazing hot tub (even in winter!) should not be overlooked too!
PeterFebruary 2016
This is a fantastic house for a hen do or a group of friends meeting. Lots of space for everyone to be together, fun karaoke bar and fab hot tub! Great location near to oxford and train station. Easy check in, very friendly hosts all ways willing to help and offer advice. We had Colin cook us an amazing 3 course dinner, the food was amazing and so much of it! Great weekend, thank you so much :)
GuyJuly 2016
Good clean premises in a quiet residential area . Facilities and accommodation all as described. Communication with hosts was trouble free, friendly and helpful. We were a family party of 6 adults who enjoyed our stay and would happily repeat the experience.
EricAugust 2016
Really friendly booking, great place to stay in terms of facilities and had a really fun weekend!! Thank you
AndrewNovember 2016
A very lovely home with large living room, hot tub and dart board. What more do you want? Fair play a table tennis table wouldn't go a miss but appart from that and some more reasonable neighbours couldn't be much better
FreddieNovember 2016
It's really a nice house to stay in. And the host is so friendly that she helped a lot. Strongly recommend not only for the family, but also the group business travel.
阳September 2016
Fantastic communication and hospitality. I would highly recommend this listing for a comfortable and pleasant stay for a large group or family.
VanessaJuly 2016
Entire home/apt · 9 beds · 11 guests
This glorious six bedroom house is perfect for bringing people together for family gatherings or celebrations. Set back off the road it is in a fabulous location, Brook House offers spacious living over three floors while being set within an acre of its own garden meaning there is plenty of room for everyone. All the rooms within the house offer light and expansive living. On the ground floor you will find a large sitting room with a fire, a country style kitchen, dining room and sun room which is a perfect place to have a coffee, read the paper and have a lazy afternoon. As you travel up the impressive staircase with large glass atrium roof above, you will find four large bedrooms one with en-suite and a family bathroom. Up on the top floor of the house there is a large landing for socialising or for the kids to hang out, the other two bedrooms and another family bathroom. Brook House is a 12 minute walk from the historic market town of Beaconsfield that offers a railway station with direct trains into central London. You will also find an excellent selection of shops, restaurants and pubs one of them famous for being the oldest pub in England, “The Royal Standard of England.” This is party heaven for a dozen family or friends to get together. Need more space? The adjoining annex can sleep six more.
Entire Home and Gardens
Lots of options for shops, pubs and restaurants within a 10-15 minute walk. Bekonscot Model Village and Railway village is close by and Harry Potter studios and Windsor Castle are within a 30 minute drive. Ground Floor A classic country kitchen with electric oven, 4 ring gas hob, dishwasher, fridge freezer, kitchen table/ seating for six. Doors leading to utility, dining room and hallway Dining Room with large mahogany dining table and eight chairs. Space to seat 12 comfortably if needed. Door leading to kitchen Sitting Room with three Sofas, two armchairs, chaise longue, fireplace with gas fire, coffee table, TV with Sky, DVD player, selection of DVD’s, table and four chairs. Door leading to the hallway Sun Room with two sofas, TV with Sky, DVD player, coffee table. Door leading to hallway Cloakroom with WC and washbasin First Floor Master Bedroom (sleeps 2) Super king bed, wardrobes, door leading to en-suite En-suite Bathroom with bath, separate shower, washbasin and WC Bedroom 2 (sleeps 2) Super king size bed, wardrobe Bedroom 3 (sleeps 2) Two single beds Bedroom 4 (sleeps 2) Double bed, wardrobe Family Bathroom with bath and shower overhead, WC and washbasin Second Floor Large landing with seating Bedroom 5 (sleeps 2) King size bed, sofa, coffee table, hanging space Bedroom 6 (sleeps 2) Two single beds Family Bathroom with bath, separate shower, WC and washbasin Outside Extensive large private gardens BBQ Table and chairs Croquet lawn with croquet set Parking for 8 cars+
Room type
Entire home/apt · 8 beds · 12 guests
A beautiful detached family home situated down a private driveway in this prestigious location offering spacious accommodation over two floors. Minimum booking 10 nights.
Open plan dining room with large dining table leading to kitchen with breakfast bar. Spacious living room with study area and day bed. Utility room/WC. Master bedroom with ensuite shower room. Children's single bedroom with trundle bed. Further children's bedroom with bunk beds. Fourth bedroom with double bed/ TV snug room. Family bathroom. Wood flooring throughout. Pretty front south facing garden. Ample off street parking. Key collection from our office in Summertown: Mon- Friday 3-6pm Saturday 12-3pm (check in however from 3pm) If you arrive outside of these times or on a Sunday/bank holiday there is a check in/out charge of £25. Last check in time is 8.45pm. From Monday to Friday 9am to 6pm and Saturday 9am-3pm we can be contacted on 01865 297525. In the event of an out of hours emergency during your stay you will be able to use the following number – 07503 069 998
Situated in Central North Oxford providing good access to all the day to day shopping facilities of both Summertown and Walton Street including supermarkets, bars, restaurants, a cinema and a doctors surgery. Slightly further afield, although still within walking distance are the more comprehensive amenities of Oxford City Centre. The Woodstock and Banbury roads join directly to the Oxford ring road connecting to the A40 and M40 to London. The Oxford rail station has regular services directly to London Paddington.
Room type
Entire home/apt · 4 beds · 6 guests
Sheldon Grange is a contemporary and elegant venue situated in the heart of Oxfordshire. It has been thoughtfully designed and finished to a high specification. It can sleep 19 guests comfortably in the main house but there is also separate accommodation that means we can accommodate up to 26 guests at an additional cost. Features include; swim spa, spa bathroom, gym, superfast fibre optic internet connection and intelligent LED lighting with multifunction switching, gated property.
The main house sleeps up to 19 guests comfortably but there is also additional on site accommodation in an annex and self contained flat at an additional cost which means we can host up to 26 guests in total. The space itself: there is a gym and swim spa along with a games room and various relaxation rooms. The venue itself is situated in a beautiful 'off the beaten track' location and is set within 7 acres of gardens, paddocks and woodlands. We are next door to a prestigious 54-hole championship golf course. There is ample space to pitch tents, marquees, stages whatever you desire to fulfil your event requirements. This is an ideal venue for: Weddings Family/Friend reunions Christmas parties Hen/stag parties Corporate events and conferences Birthday parties Baby showers Film crew Golfing holidays Long term lets We have worked hard to establish relationships with local businesses and if you wish we would only be too happy to devise bespoke packages for you. This includes beauty therapies, catering services, shopping trips. You tell us what you want and we are happy to help you with your event. Bedroom Plan: Master bedroom: (first floor) Largest bedroom in the house and has a balcony with beautiful views, TV in bedroom. The en-suite has a double walk in shower, two basins, a bath and a toilet. Also has a walk in closet. Bed options are super king bed or a twin also additional guest bed. Bedroom 2: (first floor) bedroom has a TV and access to a balcony. En-suite has a walk in shower, basin and toilet. Bed options are: super king bed or twin plus an additional guest bed if required. Bedroom 3: (Second floor) bathroom is next to the room and guests will also have access to the spa bathroom on the first floor. Bed options are: super king bed or twin plus option for an additional guest bed. Bedroom 4: (second floor) bathroom is next to the room and guests will also have access to the spa bathroom on the first floor. Bed options are: super king bed or twin South wing (ground floor): This bedroom has an en-suite with shower and toilet and basin plus a TV. Bed options are super king bed or a twin also additional guest bed. South wing 1 (first floor) This bedroom has an en-suite with walk in shower, basin, and toilet Bed options are super king bed or a twin South wing 2 (first floor) This bedroom has and en-suite with a bath and shower over, basin and toilet. Bed options are super king bed or a twin also additional guest bed. We provide dressing gowns in all bedrooms. Additional accommodation can be booked at an extra cost and comprises of the guest suite which is set over two floors and has an upstairs shared bathroom. This can accommodate an additional 4 people. There is also a self-contained flat which has its own kitchen and bathroom and sleeps two people and the possibility of turning the double sofa into another bed to sleep a further 1/2 people. Games room The games room has a pool table and table football in a side room located just off the kitchen. There is also table tennis outside. Gym There is a rowing machine, running machine, bike and cross trainer. Spa There is a swim spa, so you can relax with the jets on or swim against the current should you desire. Kitchen Fully equipped kitchen with modern facilities including steam oven, electric oven and microwave oven with warming plate, coffee machine, induction hob and all the pots, pans, cutlery and dinnerware that you would need to host a dinner party. Including all glass ware and cups and mugs. The dining area can seat up to 26 people depending on how it is set up. Drive This is a private drive behind secured gated, entry is via the code given or with buzzer keys and has an intercom system. Interaction with guests The owners of the venue live close by and can be on hand should they be needed. There are also staff around to assist with the running of the venue should support be required however there are manuals and a full explanation of all the gadgets/electronics in the venue to help ensure a relaxed straight forward stay. The neighbourhood We are a short drive from Bicester Village designer shopping outlet. Millets farm is worth a visit with the family, this is a 10 minute drive from the house. We have mentioned that we are next door the Frilford Golf course already- it boasts a 54 hole course. We are also on the door step of Oxford City centre with its prestigious universities and architecture its worth a visit. This really is a great stay and we have had many wonderful reviews from our guests. The owners of the venue live close by and can be on hand should they be needed. There are also staff around to assist with the running of the venue should support be required however there are manuals and a full explanation of all the gadgets/electronics in the venue to help ensure a relaxed straight forward stay.
We are a short drive from Bicester Village designer shopping outlet. Millets farm is worth a visit with the family, this is a 10 minute drive from the house. We have mentioned that we are next door the Frilford Golf course already- it boasts a 54 hole course. We are also on the door step of Oxford City centre with its prestigious universities and architecture its worth a visit.
Room type
Entire home/apt · 16 beds · 16 guests
Boasting 8 bedrooms and 5 bathrooms, this recently converted barn is the ideal spot for your short break. Surrounded by glorious countryside and with plenty to do both inside and out, there's no better place to stay.
This large converted barn has eight bedrooms and five bathrooms and still manages to combine both spectacular and spacious living spaces with the feeling of warmth, cosiness and absolute comfort. The light pours in from the large windows creating an incredibly spacious and airy atmosphere, with many of the rooms having doors leading straight out into the garden. Outside there is a heated swimming pool, located in the sunniest part of the garden, with poolside deck chairs to help catch those rays. The property is located on the edge of a very quiet and very pretty little village and there are many wonderful countryside walks available straight from the property and an excellent local pub just a five minutes stroll.
The host canceled this reservation 15 days before arrival. This is an automated posting.
Sarah
Entire home/apt · 9 beds · 16 guests
Brook Cottage is a beautifully refurbished three/four bedroom cottage set in the idyllic and secluded grounds of Pinkhill Farm, a 300 acre working farm estate, near Eynsham. Pinkhill is a working grassland farm that has been managed on ecologically friendly principles for over 25 years. As a result there is an abundance of wildlife on the farm with freynsham close to the iconic City of Oxford.
SITUATION Brook Cottage is a beautifully refurbished three/four bedroom cottage set in the idyllic and secluded grounds of Pinkhill Farm, a 300 acre working farm estate, situated in Eynsham close to the iconic City of Oxford. Explore the beautiful countryside following the many quiet footpaths and bridleways on the doorstep of Brook Cottage. The farm is located in a particularly peaceful setting with pasture fields leading to the tranquil banks of the river Thames. Equestrian facilities are available under separate negotiation should you want to make the most of the extensive off road riding. GROUND FLOOR The front stable door leads directly into a spacious newly refurbished modern country kitchen with dining table that can seat up to 6-8 people comfortably. The kitchen is fully equipped and ready to be used with beautiful wooden top on painted wooden units with Belfast sink and two electric ovens/hob. It is perfect for entertaining or cooking a family meal. Another stable door leads into the hallway and a formal sitting room with log burner and plasma TV. Off the hallway there is a funky mirrored downstairs shower room. A little further there is cosy informal sitting room with another wall mounted plasma TV and a huge corner sofa, which pulls out as a double bed as needed. At the end of the hallway there is a downstairs bedroom with bunk beds suitable for adults as well as children. FIRST FLOOR: There are two large bedrooms upstairs. One is a twin bedroom and the other is a master double bedroom. Both bedrooms have traditional dark wood beds. The family bathroom located between the rooms is beautifully refurbished with Victorian style fittings, white tiles and large sky light, giving a light and modern country feel which sits very well with the rest of the house. All windows of the house benefit from views over stunning open countryside. GROUNDS & GARDEN A mile-long drive way leads to Pink Hill Farm and Brook Cottage. A wooden five bar gate leads onto a gravel driveway suitable for 2-3 cars. There is a large private back garden with a small orchard to the side and a large field with sheep as neighbours. A wooden bench and chimenea are placed in optimum position to enjoy a summers evening and a glass of wine. A barbecue is placed at the side of the cottage for your use. The back door to the cottage leads into a boot area where discarded coats and boots can be stored after a country walk. Dogs are welcome at Brook Cottage and equestrian facilities are available under separate negotiation. Please do enquire if you are wishing to bring your equine friend.
Eynsham 2 miles • Oxford 8 miles • Woodstock 8 miles • Witney 8 miles • Burford 15 miles • Bicester 18 miles • Cheltenham 40 miles • London 60 miles • Pinkhill Farm is working farm so care needs to be taken when out on the farm. Tractors and farm machinery may pass by on Pinkhill Lane so we advise keeping the front gate closed at all times if you have young children. Furthermore there are a network of ditches and culverts which fill after wet weather so please don't let young children go unaccompanied out of the Brook Cottage garden.
The host canceled this reservation 36 days before arrival. This is an automated posting.
Simon
Entire home/apt · 6 beds · 8 guests
Beautiful, large family house with huge garden, within walking distance to city centre / summertown / uni park / river /restaurants / pubs. Sleeps 12 comfortably, decorated to a high standard, sleeps large family + basement flat, 3 beds en suite 4 attic bedrooms, Large kitchen, with Aga and modern Gaggenau cooking, dining room, drawing room, study and beautiful well stocked large orangery. House keeper available, at your own cost. This is not a party house!
Within 10 minutes walk of everything, shops, restaurants, university parks, health clubs / swimming pools. Also 7 miles to Bicester village shopping outlet centre, buses from The end of the road.
Room type
Entire home/apt · 10 beds · 10 guests
Close to London, yet totally secluded and quiet. Extensive views across own gardens and meadows Easy access Heathrow, Reading, Henley on Thames. 9 bedroom, 2 kitchens, 3 receptions, cinema. hot tub, BBQ cabin. Minimum 3 night stay for weddings and additional £3000 for covered reception spaces for guests.
An immaculate oak framed country house in the heart of the Chilterns area of outstanding natural beauty. King sized beds, fully equipped kitchen with Aga cooker, sun filled, light and bright. Modern mixed with antiques with the emphasis on style and comfort. Hot tub, huge cinema with vast screen and 14 seats. Indoor and outdoor dining. Quiet and secure in its own valley and yet walking distance to the village and pubs. Perfect for a family reunion, or an away day from the office, or as an alternative to staying in London. Paddington station can be reached in 25 minutes by non stop trains, so an evening at the London theatre is perfectly possible. Outside are terraces and gardens, a pond with dragonflies, wonderful plants, trees, flowers, and private parking for 5 cars. The house is set in 22 private acres of fields and woodland. Last year we added two covered outdoor spaces which can be hired for wedding receptions and parties. Furniture, lighting and bar included. Exclusive use for a week or weekend to host family and friends. Rates from £7500 inc VAT. Come and visit any Wednesday when the house is not booked. The Copse house is for the exclusive use of guests staying overnight. Guests are welcome to walk in the fields surrounding the property. In 2016 we are planning a new venture at the house called ' wedding weekends' for small group wedding celebrations. We have applied for a wedding licence. Ask us for an update? We welcome guests and show them the property and are on hand if they have any requirements.
The lane is very quiet and it is like being in the heart of the countryside, but 5 minutes from a major train station and 40 minutes from Heathrow Airport, and close to the M4 and M40 motorway. Guests can walk to the village, walk to two local pubs that serve excellent food, shop 2 minutes away or order food to be delivered to the house. Henley on Thames is nearby with its excellent festivals, rowing, theatre. The lanes are safe for walking, biking, exploring, horse riding and there are dozens of top class restaurants and gastro pubs with music and local theatres and cinemas. yes the train is 5 minutes away and local taxis are frequent There are three retired horses living in the fields, but you are welcome to walk amongst them as long as you close the gates. If you would like to bring your dog, please ask us for the house rules for dogs.
Penny was fantastic with communication leading up to our stay. Her husband met us on arrival and took us for a really great tour, showing us all the details we needed and providing a few laughs on the way. The photos of the house itself doesn't do it justice – this is a beautiful place with lovely room decors and all areas of the house both inside and outside are well taken care of and treated with love. I stayed with a group of 13 friends and the experience was perfect. We can't wait to find an excuse to come here again. 10/10
GloriaJuly 2016
We had a wonderful stay relaxing in a beautiful house. Everything was fully equipped, immaculate and the surroundings are simply stunning. We will be back next year and can recommend it to anyone wanting a special break!
FlorianMay 2016
Very beautiful estate reserved for a corporate global team meeting. The theater was perfect for presentations, and the large reception and dining rooms were great for dinners and meeting. Penny and Tim were attentive and great hosts! Would go back and highly recommend.
CourtneyApril 2014
The house was absolutely lovely and everyone had a fantastic time so thank you very much. We got spoilt with the weather and were able to make the most of it amongst the wonderful gardens. There was plenty of space for the children to play and more than enough seating areas all around the garden to relax and enjoy the surroundings, as well as the amazing hot tub which was perfectly located. The cinema and arctic cabins were lovely features but given the amazing weather we didn’t get chance to make the most of them (we’ll have to come back in the winter!). The layout of the house was perfect for us and the decor / furnishing inside the house was superb.
NicholasMay 2016
Fabulous! Highly recommended. I just returned from hosting a 3 day business team meeting for 7 people at The Copse. The house is beautifully presented - well furnished and spotlessly clean. Full of character and lots of flexible living space that could accommodate a family with different age groups to hang out in their own area. The Cinema is amazing! Hot-tub under the dark night sky was great. Good wifi connection. We had an Ocado delivery on the first day and cooked all our own meals on the Aga - except for lunch on the last day when we used the nearby pub which served great food. Lovely hosts - I have nothing but good things to say.
Andy & CatherineMarch 2013
| i don't know |
Which former England cricket captain was nicknamed Bumble? | BUMBLE AT THE WORLD CUP: England were woeful in their opening two matches... Peter Moores looks to be ageing by the day | Daily Mail Online
BUMBLE AT THE WORLD CUP: England were woeful in their opening two matches... Peter Moores looks to be ageing by the day
England were beaten in their opening two matches at the World Cup
Peter Moores' side were pitiful, according to David 'Bumble' Lloyd
David 'Bumble' Lloyd offers his observations from the ICC Cricket World Cup. This time the former England batsman talks wine, New Zealand nightlife and England's woes.
Things might not be going well on the field for England but you can’t be miserable in New Zealand. I even ended up in a wine drinking contest, ‘the battle of the bubbles’ in Wellington.
England captain Eoin Morgan (left) in discussion with head coach Peter Moores in training
This was English sparkling wine up against New Zealand’ s judged by wine masters including Oz Clarke. Would you believe it was a victory for England! A wine called Wyford won the blind tasting from 24 bottles. Might be the only thing England win here…
Invited out to John Wright’s farm 20 minutes outside Christchurch. He’s got 70 cows and a sit-on tractor!
New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum (left) talks with England captain Eoin Morgan
The former Derbyshire and New Zealand batsman and India coach is now an IPL mentor with Mumbai Indians and did he have some tales to tell. John’s got a fantastic cricket brain and was fascinating on what constitutes a 50-over team….
To walk round Christchurch now is an eerie experience. I went to the memorial service for the victims of the earthquake exactly four years ago that devastated this beautiful city and it was very moving to see people, arms round each other, who had obviously lost loved ones.
You just cannot get your bearings in the city centre. There are portacabins set up as shops and even banks. It will clearly take a long time for this place to get back up on its feet.
England stumble on and they were quite pitiful to watch in their opening two matches. Having been there as coach I watch Peter Moores closely and he looks to be ageing by the day.
England coach Moores looks to be ageing by the day according to David 'Bumble' Llloyd
His biggest disappointment will be that England just didn’t compete against Australia and New Zealand. You feel powerless and shell-shocked in Moores position…
Went out for a beer with two of my local co-commentators Ian Smith and Simon Doull to what they said was a quiet spot in Wellington.
It was called the Bangalore Polo Club and I’ve never been anywhere like it. Lively is not the word. It was full of bowls of monkey nuts and their party piece is for everyone to eat them, throw the shells on the floor and then the pigeons come in to eat them all up. I made my excuses and left….
New Zealand were all over England like a cheap suit and Brendon McCullum is undoubtedly the best captain in world cricket.
New Zealand captain McCullum is undoubtedly the best captain in world cricket, according to Bumble
He doesn’t do funky fields. He just knows where to put the fielders for every batsman. And when he had done that and bundled England out he went after them as if he had a train to catch. They are serious contenders but how will they go against Australia?
| David Lloyd |
Malev was the national airline of which European country from 1946 to 2012? | South Africa v England: What we learned from Cape Town Test | Cricket News | Sky Sports
South Africa v England: What we learned from Cape Town Test
Ben Stokes, Temba Bavuma and Hashim Amla top Test talking points
By David Currie
Last Updated: 10/01/16 6:51am
The pick of the action from Cape Town on day five of the second Test
So England escaped from the second Test in Cape Town with a draw, an unfathomable prospect when Ben Stokes was in full flow on day two.
Stokes cracked a stunning 258 off 198 balls as England amassed a seemingly insurmountable 629-6 declared in their first innings.
Indeed it wasn't bettered by South Africa, but Hashim Amla's own double-hundred saw them to within two runs, before the hosts got the better of day five as a thrilling Test ultimately ended in a draw .
Here are just some of the thrills and spills seen over the past few days at Newlands...
Double delight
Watch Ben Stokes score the second fastest double century in history
You couldn't have more contrasting double hundreds than the ones scored by Stokes and Amla in this Test, but both were of supreme quality. Stokes was brutal as he struck the fastest Test 250, smacking a staggering 30 fours and 11 sixes. With England at one stage struggling at 223-5 on the first day, his assault on the second new ball turned the tide in England's favour, before it swept South Africa away on the second morning, as England added 196 in the first session alone.
Nasser Hussain analyses changes to Hashim Amla's technique after the South Africa captain rediscovered his form
Amla - under an enormous amount of pressure due to his questionable captaincy in that England first innings, and in the midst of a run of only one Test fifty across his last 13 innings - responded with real resilience and character. Scoreboard pressure in the form of 629 England runs didn't deter him, nor did arriving at the crease at 7-1. He stubbornly set about denying England for 477 balls, notching his fourth Test double-hundred in the process, helping his side to such a position of strength that ultimately they looked the more likely team to win on the fifth day.
Amla's exit
Hashim Amla steps down as South Africa Test captain halfway through the series
It was to prove Amla's final innings as South Africa captain, as shortly after the Test's end, he resigned the captaincy. it was an unexpected move having finally found some form with the bat, and having oh so nearly guided his side to one of the most unlikely victories in Test history, but in truth Amla oft looked lost as South Africa skipper, guiding the supposed No 1 team in the world to just four Test wins in the last 14.
Shaun Pollock told Ian Ward that he wasn't surprised by the news that Hashim Amla has stepped down
AB de Villiers, a man that South Africa were supposedly keen to look after and reduce the workload of with whispers of a potential Test retirement a week ago, takes over for the final two Tests of the series. He has at least relinquished the wicketkeeping gloves, and he too found some form with the bat at Newlands, scoring 88 and contributing to a 183-run partnership with Amla. These are encouraging signs for South Africa's deadly double act, as any way back for them in this series will depend on heavily on their form with the bat, regardless of which one of them is captain.
Catching costs England
England captain Alastair Cook was left frustrated by England's catching
It could all have been all so different for England. They dropped Amla four times, on 21, 76, 120, and 201. They weren't their only offences either, England dropped nine catches in total, with De Villiers put down when having only scored five. Had those initial opportunities been taken, a total of 263 runs would have been saved relating to those two batsmen alone, and England would surely by looking at a 2-0 series lead now with two to play.
The Verdict panel discuss Jimmy Anderson’s drop of Hashim Amla on day three at Newlands
Instead they escaped with a draw, and what an escape it turned out to be with South Africa first getting to within two of England's mammoth first innings total, before a nervy second effort with the bat saw England stutter to 116-6 at one stage on day five, opening the door for a potential South Africa slog-a-thon run-chase to level the series. That possibility was eventually extinguished with the fading light, but England's sloppiness very nearly cost them a Test from a seemingly invincible position. One plus though is that England created those opportunities with the ball on such a flat pitch, with Steven Finn proving particularly impressive. He and England's fast-bowling fraternity will hope they get more assistance from the surface - and their team-mates - in Johannesburg.
Momentous milestones
Jonny Bairstow told Ian Ward that it was a very emotional day for him after scoring his maiden Test hundred.
Arguably the Test's most memorable moments didn't belong to either Stokes or Amla despite their combined 459 runs. Call us when you've scored 1,000 lads ! The two centuries scores by Jonny Bairstow and Temba Bavuma were of particular emotional and historic significance. Bairstow has taken 22 Tests to score his maiden century in an up and down international career since notching his previous highest score of 95 against the same opposition at Lord's three and a half years ago. The tension was palpable as he navigated his way through the nervous nineties again, and the emotion obvious when he reached his hundred, bending over backwards in his celebration and looking to the heavens in tribute to his late father David - a former Yorkshire and England cricketer - sadly having died in 1998.
Temba Buvuma said he was full of emotion after he scored his first Test century for South Africa.
Bavuma's brilliance meanwhile was of huge historical significance, as he became the first black African to score a Test century for South Africa. It was the flourish and flair with which he did it too, off 148 balls, scoring 16 fours, in the face of a fierce and vocal England attack, which made it even more impressive.
Bumble's Barmy Army
David 'Bumble' Lloyd infiltrated the Barmy Army on day two of the Cape Town Test.
What did Bumble get up to in this Test? A fair bit, as per usual. We found him infiltrating the Barmy Army after Stokes' sensational double-hundred, although the proud Lancastrian found one too many Yorkshiremen for his liking. He awoke a sleeping supporter with the face of a familiar colleague looming large, was scared off by the advances of a female fan and joined in with a Moeen Ali chant or two.
David Lloyd has made his way to the groundsmen's shed on day one of the second Test.
We also went rollin' with Bumble in the groundsman's shed on day one, as he affectionately named the rollers from little to large, There was the 'James Taylor', the 'Samit Patel' and the more intimidating 'Rob Key'. Bumble found time to answer some of your tweets on day three, and Joe Root even had him doing some of his dirty laundry ! Sadly it all had him feeling a little poorly by day five, so we wish him a speedy recovery and hope we can have some more fun with him in Johannesburg. Get well soon Bumble!
Our coverage of the second Test between South Africa and England from Johannesburg begins at 8am on Sky Sports 2 HD on Thursday, January 14.
| i don't know |
The Azed crossword puzzle appears in which newspaper? | Azed | Crosswords | The Guardian
The Guardian
The Azed crossword appears every Sunday in The Observer newspaper
December 2016
The Chambers Dictionary (2014) is recommended
Published: 26 Jun 2016
The Chambers Dictionary (2014) is recommended
Published: 11 Jun 2016
| Observer |
On a standard typewriter keyboard which letter appears between the letters Q and E? | Fifteensquared » Bloggers
Fifteensquared
Andrew
I started off on Everyman in The Observer, and began solving Azed while I was a student at Cambridge (reading maths) shortly after it started. I do the Guardian puzzle most days and others sporadically. In real life I work as a software developer (still in Cambridge), and for non-crossword recreation play the piano and am involved in amateur theatre.
Bertandjoyce
There was a tradition in both our families of solving Telegraph concise and cryptic crosswords. During our student days we moved on to the Observer. When we could afford a daily, we enjoyed the Guardian cryptics until the Indy arrived on the scene. Nowadays, Saturdays are not complete without the Inquisitor.
We never time ourselves but we do feel cheated if we finish quickly and really enjoy seeking out themes and ninas etc. We are now retired and when time allows, we supplement the daily Indy solve (dead tree version) with the on-line Guardian cryptic, Genius and the occasional Quiptic.
Finding fifteensquared was a revelation – we realised we are not alone in our attempts to stave off Alzheimer’s!
Duncan Shiell
Born in 1948. I retired from full-time work in May 2007, after 37 years with Ordnance Survey and associated bodies and now have time to devote to crosswords, something not available for many years. Product of 17 years in the Scottish education system, but lived overseas or in southern England for virtually all of the time thereafter. I moved back to Scotland in 2010. Regular road runner and recently returned to orienteering and golf after a 35 year gap. Developed interested in cryptic crosswords in the mid 1960s (Scotsman, Sunday Express skeleton), but working overseas and then raising a family, meant dropping out of crossword solving for about 30 years. Now a regular solver of Times, Guardian, Independent, Inquisitor, Listener and Magpie crosswords. Reasonably regular finisher of the first four. Started blogging in late 2007. Any solving ability far outweighs any clueing ability. Krypton Factor contestant 1983; eliminated in the first round, but the obstacle course finish made good television!
Eileen
I’ve been doing cryptic crosswords since university days, learning how with a group of friends in coffee breaks. The daily Guardian crossword has been part of my life for most of the time since, with the occasional Times puzzle when visiting friends who take that paper. Since retiring from teaching [originally Classics and subsequently, after that was dropped from the curriculum, mostly English] and discovering the FT and Indie online, I’ve been having a go at those, too. I’ve never attempted anything more difficult than that. I don’t record solving times: I enjoy taking time to finish a puzzle and always feel slightly disappointed when I do so too quickly. [Well, that’s my excuse for not aiming for a ten-minute solve, anyway.]
flashling
I’m now 48, another IT worker, seems to be a common fault round here. Started doing cryptics whilst living in Oxford (despite being a Cambridge man) in about 1988 when I started buying the Independent which I’ve done pretty much every day since. Flirted with the Guardian and Times but prefer the Indy. I’m not an overly fast solver, preferring to savour rather rush through it. Alas, due to work commitments, I can only blog the IOS these days as I now spend my days ensuring the London Ambulance Service can do its fine work. Away from work and crosswords I do professional firework displays as a part time job/hobby hence the avatar used by me.
Gaufrid
I cut my teeth on Telegraph cryptics in my early/mid teens (more years ago than I care to remember) and continued with this crossword for many years. Then followed a period of restricted solving activity due to family/work commitments but I attempted various cryptics each week depending on which paper had been left on the train or in the office.
After retiring, I completed the Times, Telegraph and Guardian crosswords daily until the papers started charging for on-line access. I continued with the Times for several years after this but I now solve the Guardian and FT each day, the Indy most days (depending on the setter and time available) and the Times on Saturdays.
Nowadays I prefer barred/themed crosswords as they are generally more of a challenge and my weekly solving list includes Azed, Enigmatic Variations and Inquisitor, with the occasional Spectator or Mephisto thrown in for some variety. Yes, I know, I really should get a life!
Hihoba
Hihoba is a combination of the names of three retired men – George Hill, Jo Horwood and Barnie Baker – who spend (waste?) more time than they should solving crosswords. We hope that it is helping us to fight off incipient Alzheimers. We operate separately, and then combine resources if (usually when) we get stuck. It’s all done by email now, but I have records to show that we’ve been doing the Inquisitor and its predecessor the Weekend Crossword back into the days when you had to ring people up and actually talk to them!
HolyGhost
Started on cryptic crosswords as a late teenager and completed the Times daily until the Independent started. (Didn’t do the crossword – just stopped reading the Times.)
Often tackled the Independent weekend magazine crossword in the early and late 1990s (spent mid-90s in Bruxelles), and then most of them since moving out of London in summer 2000. I must say that my forays into the Listener have proved more satisfying (except the number ones) – estimate 98% successful – but usually don’t have enough discretionary time for both.
Ilan Caron
Age: old enough to remember the 1966 world cup.
Level: journeyman (Guardian dailies, Times dailies, occasional Azed and the rarer Listener).
Times speed: best 15 minutes, average: 45 min – 1 hour.
Born in London but have lived abroad since age 11. Cryptics in “The New Yorker” (97-99) were what got me going. Left Microsoft recently for the greener pastures of Google.
Jetdoc/Jane Teather
Age irrelevant, but I’m old enough to remember the crossword in the Correspondent on Sundays. Crosswords, of one sort or another, were always part of life in my family. My mother, in her 90s, still has a go at The Times non-cryptic every day. I graduated from just doing daily cryptics (Guardian for as long as I’ve been buying my own) to Azed. I also do the Cyclops puzzle in Private Eye. Since January 2006 I have been doing the Listener (apart from the mathematical ones), with reasonable but not spectacular success; I hope to improve over time. I subscribe to Magpie but seldom find time for more than one or two of the less impenetrable puzzles. I am too short of free time (actually, way too cowardly!) to attempt any setting. When not doing crosswords (or,actually, often while ‘multitasking’), I am a self-employed information design consultant. I tend a large and mostly impressive garden, and I like art a lot. Oh yes, and I’m an obsessive cricket fan, member of MCC and Middlesex, and present at every day of international cricket in London for over 20 years.
John/Wil Ransome
Born 1946. Since retiring (maths teacher) have spent an increasing amount of time on crosswords, something that was impossible before – am not in the sub-ten minutes league and probably never will be. Do The Times every day (more often than not in over half an hour), also The Independent when I can get a copy (usually do Dac and Phi in about 25 minutes, but the less said about some of the others the better). Also an assortment of other crosswords, including The Listener from time to time. Have been doing Azed monthly for some years and entering his clue-setting competitions, often without enough success. Also play a lot of chess and golf.
kenmac
Born 1954. I’ve been fascinated by cryptic crosswords since childhood. My mother used to attempt the Daily Mail cryptic every day but I don’t remember her ever finishing one. Then, when I started working, a colleague would bring in The Telegraph every day. It wasn’t till my daughter started to get interested, when I bought her a “how to” book that I realized that the definition is “always” the first word (or words) or the last word (or words) of the clue. In 2000 I discovered the, then, Independent Weekend Crossword (now Inquisitor) and later Enigmatic Variations and The Listener. I solve The Inquisitor most weeks and won the Champagne once. In 2005 I achieved an ambition by having a barred crossword published in The Independent using the pseudonym Cayenne. I hope to follow that success one day.
loonapick
I am an avid crossword, puzzle and quiz enthusiast who flirted with blogging a few years ago, but the demands of the day-job took up too much time (they still do). My love affair with crosswords began at an early age and I have been solving cryptics since I was 12 (the local paper every day). I also compile crosswords and quizzes, and run an annual fundraising quiz for the British Red Cross. My ambition is to be a published crossword compiler, and I did compile a weekly puzzle for Third Force News for a year, but my only paid gig was a different kind of puzzle in America’s GAMES magazine about eight years ago. Fear of rejection has always been my enemy, so I haven’t been as pushy as I should or could have been. Away from cruciverbalism, I am married to a beautiful woman, play five-a-side football and badminton and am a massive cinephile and bibliophile.
manehi/Minh Nguyen
Born 1988, have been solving the Guardian crossword since the early 2000s. I can now solve most of them on the half-hour bus trip to campus each morning, but harder puzzles are a welcome distraction from Econometrics seminars. I have a crack at the Times and Le Monde every now and then, and am slowly improving at Azed. My spare time is spent painting oranges blue, playing with computers and appearing on University Challenge.
mhl/Mark Longair
Born in 1976 in Cambridge. I’m currently a PhD student in Edinburgh, working on computational neuroanatomy. I started doing cryptic crosswords regularly a couple of years ago, and nowadays do the Guardian crossword every morning, the Everyman, Azed (when I have time), the Guardian Genius and the Independent if I’ve nothing else to do over lunch. My solving is slow compared to the times people post here, but I find it very enjoyable. I’ve set a number of crosswords for friends, but haven’t attempted to get any published yet.
Nealh
I’ve been doing crosswords off and on since university back in the 1980s. I used to do the Guardian, but defected to the Independent a year ago. My solving standard is still not what I’d like. I’d love to be able to knock off a crossword in 10 minutes, but find I’m still getting stuck for long periods when the inspiration doesn’t quite arrive. I once had a go at compiling crosswords but, after a very rude rejection for the editor of the Telegraph, I didn’t bother any further.
PeeDee
My first attempts at the Guardian crossword were with friends at school, and I have been solving it more or less regularly ever since. I used to do AZED and Mephisto fairly regularly, but children quickly brought that to an end. I worked in computer software for many years, but then three years ago gave it all up to become a full-time house husband and look after the kids. To my surprise, I now have even less time to do crosswords than when I was working.
Pete Maclean
I am a British expat living in California. I’ve been doing crosswords for 35 years and, while I have tackled a great variety over that period, in recent years I have done few except those in the Financial Times. I am not a fast solver and it is rare that I complete a puzzle in one sitting; occasionally I will work on one over a whole week. I have fantasies of becoming a compiler although my one and only submission to date was rejected by The New Yorker. I work in IT and am curious about whether there is a connection; I encounter a good number of other ardent solvers who are in the same business. When I am not working or solving puzzles, I like to travel, meditate and go to movies.
Ringo
Born in 1978. Started out crosswording in the early 90s with Roger Squires in the Yorkshire Post and my Granny’s copy of ‘How To Solve Cryptic Crosswords’. Graduated to Cyclops in the Eye in my late teens; the Guardian is now my provider of choice (a diet leavened by occasional doses of the FT). I’ve been a freelance writer and cartoonist since 2008 – among my various odd jobs, I set questions for BBC Mastermind and a quiz crossword for History Today magazine.
Turbolegs
I am Mahesh, born in 1979 in Bangalore, India but grew up in Madras (now Chennai). Living in Singapore for 7 years now. Have always been fascinated by unconventional puzzles, abstract math and crosswords and have been doing them for nearly 20 years now. Had a good run during my college days in Crossword competitions at collegiate events as a source of extra moolah. Devote my attention these days to the FT but having come on to this site, intend to try my hand at the Guardian and Independent puzzles as well. Other interests include marathons, badminton, guitar, cubing, traveling, poker (Texas Hold’em) and most importantly, running after my 19 month old son. My nick is actually from the first of these interests (marathoning) – since i cant be fast in actual running, might as well have a name that is. Looking forward to contributing more on this fantastic site.
twencelas
Age 44 – Been doing cryptic crosswords since the early 1980?s, started with the Sunday Times and then enjoyed them on a daily basis when the Independent was launched. Over several years managed to get the hang of all the original Indie setters.
Started attempting the Indie magazine crossword in the early nineties – took me a while to complete one, though – the use of all the squares luring the solver into thinking that its easier than it really is. Continued through the nineties and into this century with the Indie and the odd foray into the murkier world of the Listener – with little success, other than the numerical ones.
Spent the last year or so concentrating on the thematics – can now complete most Listeners (tend to limit myself to a starting day and a having slept on it day, if needed), the high 90%’s of the Inquisitor (still my favourite) and Enigmatic Variations. Still have a daily fix of the Indie or Guardian and am pleased to see more and more themes used in the daily puzzles.
One day hope to author some puzzles myself, though must admit to being in awe of the precise clueing of the top compilers.
Former Bloggers
Bhavan
I got into solving cryptic crosswords some time during 1993 with bare minimum success I might add. I have progressively gotten better ever since to the extent that I now dabble into setting too.
I work for a software company on the Gold Coast where I live with my wife and our now 5 month old daughter.
Outside crosswords, I love playing badminton and tennis to a lesser extent.
Colinblackburn/Colin Blackburn
Age: 45
I’ve been attempting to solve cryptic crosswords since some time in the late seventies when I was attracted to that strange pattern on the back of the Huddersfield Daily Examiner. I taught myself badly and then discovered Alec Robins’ book and got a bit better.At university in the early eighties I somehow discovered the Listener and Azed. This spelled the end to any hopes I had of getting a first as I wasted weeks on single puzzles. I graduated, at least in the Listener, to having my only puzzle published in 1988. I used to set basic cryptic puzzles for Manchester’s listing magazine, City Life. For this I got third pick of the freebies in the review-bin. When the magazine was taken over by the Guardian (through the Manchester Evening News) I became an official, paid, Guardian setter (well, I can dream!) After a crossword hiatus through most of the nineties I am now back solving regularly. I do the Independent puzzle most days and try to have a go at the Times and Guardian puzzles online if I get a chance. My main passion is, once again, the Listener. While I don’t manage to complete every puzzle, this has been my best year ever for submissions (if not correct submissions.) I also try some of the puzzles in Magpie and Crossword, though I rarely find enough time to complete them through to submission.
Diagacht
Having started my crossword journey with Crosaire, the cryptic puzzle that appears daily in The Irish Times, I was somewhat challenged when I first came across the subtleties of The Guardian ‘monsters’. Crosaire (the Irish word for crossword) is a rather different beast; you might even say that Ximenean standards are the stuff of another universe. So when I first met Araucaria, Shed, Paul etc I was completely out of my depth. I had never encountered a flower that was anything other than a flower, now I am all too well aware of the allusion to a river. Nonetheless, I am a learner in this most enjoyable activity. I do not solve puzzles at speed and sometimes I can’t solve them at all. Certainly, unlike many of the distinguished bloggers, I have no cruciverbalist trophies in the closet. I did, however, once have dinner with the mighty Araucaria. He is a most delightful man and we both share the fact that we wear our collars the same and the wrong way around.
Handel
Handel’s crosswording lives began soon after their courtship, about three years ago. It was the usual story: boy meets girl, boy gets interested in crosswords, girl turns out to be naturally quite handy at them, and they live happily ever after doing the Azed on Sunday, the Times every now and again, and the Guardian whenever it’s Araucaria or Paul. As well as crosswords, El enjoys quizzes, indie music, cinema, real ale, and literary fiction. H likes hiking, skiing, and curry.
Mick Hodgkin
Started on Observer Everyman and Sunday Times, hand-delivering competition puzzles as a teenager to save the price of a stamp. Azed since late teens, picked up at my grandparents’ knees – which were usually to be found under the pub table of a Sunday lunchtime. After the dizzy heights of the Azed Superbrain finals age 21, the rest of life intervened for a few years. Now things are back in perspective, I do the Guardian/Indy regularly, Times occasionally, Azed and since 2005 the Listener (hoping for 75 per cent correct this year). I get an occasional mention in the Azed clue-writing competition and do the clue comps and puzzles on the Crossword Centre website and Crossword Club magazine. Entered Times comp for the first time 2007, somehow came through the first round and finished 18th. First published puzzle in the Church Times Sep 06, roughly monthly in the Independent since February 2007 as Morph.
Neil Wellard
Age 36. I’ve been solving crosswords for about 14 years. Started with Guardian and stayed there until Aug 2006. Now a regular Independent and Times solver with occasional Guardians thrown in for good measure. Over the years I have occasional stabs at the Listener but these never last long. I also do the Cyclops puzzle in Private Eye and I have a long-standing ambition to compile a crossword using words and phrases only found in the Viz publication Roger’s Profanisaurus.
Nmsindy
60, (crossword age about 30). An interest in crosswords dating back to teens lay dormant and was revived when the Indy was launched in 1986. Spent many hours battling with setters such as Lucifer, Portia, Mass, eventually being able to finish usually in less than half an hour. Began to note solving times in the mid-1990s, mainly to compare the setters, but regard enjoyment, entertainment, clue appreciation and understanding as much more important than speed. Apart from the Indy, main crossword interest is the Listener which I tackle every week – personal annual solving record in the 30s usually. Was very pleased have my first Listener puzzle published (pseudonym: Raich) in July 2007. Also tackles Times and competition Azeds in the Observer insofar as time allows.
Peter Biddlecombe
Age: 47. Crossword Achievements: Times Championship Winner, 2000, 2007. In the final 6 other times in a total of 14 attempts. Daily Guardian solver from 1978 to about 2003, then gradual reduction to favourite setters only until autumn 2006. Now do Guardian on Saturdays and occasional other days. Indie solved on Saturdays since about 1998, daily since autumn 2006, though sometimes a few days behind if busy. Times solver for a brief optimistic spell at school, then from about 1983 as part of two-puzzle daily routine. Regular Azed solver, occasional clue comp entrant – best effort is a VHC for a Printers Devilry clue. Very patchy Listener record at present – got about 25-30 puzzles right in each of 3 years, early to mid-1990s. Occasional setter of puzzles but for tiny audiences so far. Occasional solver of US-style non-cryptic puzzles, currently daily solver of Times Two non-cryptic puzzle.
Rightback
Rightback is one of the younger members of the blogging team, and as such fights a constant battle against the twin demons of youthful impetuosity and chronic lack of general knowledge. In other words, he registers the odd quick time but makes plenty of mistakes. He is a regular solver of the daily crosswords and also tackles some of the harder puzzles available, like Azed and the Listener, but tends to get beaten by the cleaning lady on Times 2. He prefers round balls to oval, brass to strings, Suzie Dent to Carol Vorderman, Blur to Oasis and maroon to green.
Rishi
A resident of Madras that is Chennai, India; b.1943; retiree; got into solving after the topic of crosswords cropped up in a conversation among a bunch of cousins and friends sometime in the 1960s; to begin with, solved crosswords, mostly U.K. cryptics, in book collections and in reproductions in Indian newspapers. Have had experience of sending from Madras completed puzzles to the New Statesman and a couple of other journals but my name always remained in the hat. Published works include six quick crosswords in the now-defunct Evening News of London and one cryptic crossword in the Cryptic Clue Workshop at New York Times Forums on the Web, not to speak of appearances in India. Have taken part in a crossword show on Doordarshan (TV). Have conducted crossword quizzes in colleges. Proud owner of a large collection of crossword books and dictionaries. Co-owner and moderator of a crossword community on a popular social networking website. Originator of Simple Clue-Writing Competition in the Usenet group rec.puzzles.crosswords. Have visited the U.S. and Canada. Like listening to Carnatic music and Tamil film songs and watching Bharatanatyam recitals.
smiffy/Andy Smith
Born the same month that Cum on Feel the Noize by Slade sat atop the charts. First started toying with the Telegraph cryptic puzzle as a sixth-former, and then jumped onto the steeper learning curve of the Times while at university. Have stayed pretty faithful to the Thunderer ever since, albeit in online form since moving to the US several years ago, but I also have access to the FT puzzle most days (its relatively “user-friendly” status being more amenable to time-constrained solving intraday). I’m also a longstanding Listener dilettante, and retain a soft spot for Cyclops’ scatological gems in Private Eye. My latest obsession is coining a word that eventually becomes popular enough to become immortalized into future editions of Chambers. Between times, to pay the bills, I gamble with other people’s money on the stock market.
shuchi
Typical IT geek from Bangalore. I’ve been fascinated by cryptic crosswords since schooldays. Started solving with syndicated British crosswords in Indian newspapers. I now do any of Times, Guardian or FT, averaging 1-2 puzzles a day. Stabs at barred grid crosswords have not been too successful, and I hope to better that soon. I also write on the blog Crossword Unclued. Other than solving puzzles I enjoy (in no particular order) watching movies, theatre and shopping.
The Trafites.
Lorraine:
I have been doing Everyman crossword for over 20 years, and still have not won anything!; I also attempt Saturday’s Guardian, but more often than not to no avail! No wonder I am merely a barmaid.
Nick:
I started solving crosswords many years ago, eventually progressing to the ‘hard’ barred type crosswords (Listener, Enigmatic Variations etc.), but due to time restraints now only do AZED and a few other crosswords (see below). My only claims to fame are having won a Telegraph pen for Enigmatic Variations no. 231 and having a puzzle published in ‘The Crossword Club’ magazine’ (as Skiron). Now joined Gordon Broon’s army of unemployed.
Together:
Between us we are 100 years old (and the same age). We do a variety of other crosswords, mainly Private Eye (great laugh) and a lot of daily’s and local paper crosswords and any other crosswords that pass our way in the boozer (Trafalgar Arms, Pompey). Our crossword output is only surpassed by that of our beer consumption.
Tilsit
I started solving at a very young age and when other young men were discovering different magazines, I was discovering the joys of Quiz Digest and Tough Puzzles, although didn’t fully understand things except Printers’ Devilry puzzles. Cut teeth on Altair in the Guardian and wenton to discover the joys of Araucaria and Bunthorne, the latter becoming a personal friend. With the advent of the Internet, I rekindled my joy of solving and with encouragement got into the murky world of Azeds, Listeners and such-like. Became a moderator on Derek Harrison’s excellent site and finally got into compiling, having had puzzles published in the Indy Mag, The Magpie and others. Ambition is to be good enough to be published regularly and to see in print his idea of a Listener puzzle on the works of Barry Manilow. However, success at one may prevent the other from materialising. Other recent highlights include not making a fool of himself on Mastermind and am shortly to have an audition for Countdown, where I hope to avoid the shame of being beaten by an 18 month old Cambridge graduate.
Uncle Yap
Born 1946. Discovered cryptic crossword when I attended University of Newcastle in the early 70’s. Literally thrown into the deep end as Times was then half-priced for registered students (Yes, I paid two new pence for Times and claimed back half every three months). Now a retired Chartered Accountant, my daily diet consists of Times, Guardian, Independent and FT, with the occasional Azed and Cyclops thrown in. Started setting a weekly cryptic crossword puzzle in a Malaysian Sunday paper which ran for more than 3 years.
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By what name is musician David Robert Hayward-Jones better known? | Famous Name Changes | Information on some of the most famous name changes amongst actors, singers and politicians
Actors
The following are some of the well known actors and actresses who have changed their name.
Woody Allen - Allan Stewart Konigsberg
Woody Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg on 1st December 1935 in New York. He is an actor, director, screenwriter, comedian, writer, and musician. Over the years he has written and directed his own movies, the majority of which he has also acted in.
Dame Julie Elizabeth Andrews - Julia Elizabeth Wells
Julie Andrews was born Julia Elizabeth Wells on 1st October 1935 in Surrey, England. Best known for her leading roles in Mary Poppins (1964) and The Sound of Music(1965), Andrews became a prominent actress, singer and author. She revived her career in the 21 century starring in Princess Diaries and Shrek.
Jennifer Aniston - Jennifer Anastassakis
Jennifer Joanna Anniston was born Jennifer Anastassakis on 11th February 1969 in California. She became most famous when she took the role of Rachel in Friends (1990s) through which she won an Emmy Award, Golden Globe award and Screen Actors Guild Award. She has also starred in many Hollywood films, often comedies. In 2000 she married Hollywood actor Brad Pitt but they separated in 2005 when Pitt became involved with Angelina Jolie.
Richard Burton - Richard Walter Jenkins
Richard Burton born Richard Walter Jenkins on 10th November 1925 passed away on 5th August 1984. He was a Welsh actor and at one time, the highest paid actor in Hollywood. He grew up in a working class family, one of thirteen children but began work on the stage in the 1940s. He is also known for his association with actress Elizabeth Taylor.
Nicolas Cage - Nicolas Coppola
Nicolas Cage was born Nicolas Coppola on 7th January 1964 in California. Cage has starred in more than 70 Hollywood films, and won several awards including the Independent Spirit Award and the Academy Award for Best Actor.
Michael Caine - Maurice Joseph Micklewhite
Sir Michael Caine was born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite on 14th March 1933 in London. He has starred in over 100 films, most famous for his appearances in The Italian Job, Zulu, and as Harry Palmer in Alfie. In 200 Queen Elizabeth II knighted Caine for his significant contribution to cinema.
Vin Diesel - Mark Sinclair Vincent
Vin Diesel was born Mark Sinclair Vincent on July 18, 1967 in New York. He is an actor, writer, director and producer. He has appeared in several successful Hollywood films including The Fast and the Furious and Pitch Black and XxX.
Judy Garland - Frances Ethel Gumm
Judy Garland was born as Frances Ethel Gumm on 10th June 1922 and passed away on 22nd June 1969 at just 47 years of age. She was born in London and her professional acting career spanned 45 years of her life. She was perhaps most famous for her role in The Wizard of Oz.
Angelina Jolie - Angelina Jolie Voight
Angelina Jolie was born Angelina Jolie Voight on 4th June 1975 in California. She acclaimed her widest fame for her portrayal of Lara Croft in Tomb Raider(2001). More recently in 2005 she acted in Mr. and Mrs. Smith alongside Brad Pitt, her current partner, a relationship which has received high media attention.
Marilyn Monroe - Norma Jean Mortensen Baker
Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jean Mortensen Baker on 1st June 1926 but passed away at just 36 years old on 5th August 1962. Born in California Monroe was a successful actress, singer and model. In 1999 the American Film Institute ranked her as the 6th greatest female star of all time.
John Wayne (Marion Michael Morrison) - Marion Robert Morrison
Marion Michael Morrison (stage name of John Wayne) was born Marion Robert Morrison on 26th May 1907 and passed away on 11th June 1979. He was an award winning American film actor and director known for his distinctive voice, walk and height. He also had strong political views and supported the 1950s anti-communist positions.
The following are some of the well known singers who have changed their names.
Bob Dylan - Robert Allen Zimmerman
Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman on 24th May 1941 in Minnesota. He has been a major figure in music for over forty years and has enjoyed fame as a singer, songwriter, author, and poet.
Sir Elton Hercules John - Reginald Kenneth Dwight
Sir Elton John was born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 in London. He has become one of the most successful artists of all time becoming famous for his singing, song writing, composing and pianist abilities.
Madonna - Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone
Madonna was born Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone was born on 16th August 1958 in Michigan and now simply goes by the name �Madonna�. She gained global recognition after a series of hit singles
Marilyn Manson - Brian Hugh Warner
Marilyn Manson was born as Brian Hugh Warner on 5th January 1969 in Ohio. It is believed that he formed his new name by combining the actress Marilyn Monroe�s name with a convicted murderer Charles Manson.
Yusuf Islam/Cat Stevens - Steven Demetre Georgiou
Steven Demetre Georgiou was best known for his stage name of Cat Stevens, but later changed it to Yusuf Islam after his conversion to Islam. He was born on 21 July 1948 in London and was a prominent singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and philanthropist.
Adam Ant - Stuart Leslie Goddard
Adam Ant was born as Stuart Leslie Goddard on 3rd November 1954 in London. He first gained popularity as the lead singer of Adam and the Ants in the 1980s and later as a solo artist.
Cilla Black - Priscilla Marie Veronica White
Cilla Black was born as Priscilla Maria Veronica White on 27th May 1943 in Liverpool. She is an English singer, actress and television personality who first fist became famous in 1963. She is most well known for her worldwide hit singles Anyone Who Had A Heart, You're My World, and Alfie.
David Bowie - David Robert Hayward-Jones
David Bowie was born as David Robert Hayward-Jones on 8th January 1947) in London. He is a primarily a musician but also an actor and record producer known for his the influence his work had over popular music.
Dido - Florian Cloud De Bounevialle Armstrong
Dido was born as Florian Cloud De Bounevialle Armstrong on 25th December 1971 in London. She began recording in 1995 and enjoyed success with singles such as Here With Me and Thank You.
Boy George - George Alan O'Dowd
Boy George was born as George Alan O'Dowd on 14th June 1961 in London. He is a singer-songwriter who was part of the English New Romantic movement which emerged in the early 1980s.
Jimi Hendrix - Johnny Allen Hendrix
James Marshall Hendrix (known as Jimi Hendrix) was born as Johnny Allen Hendrix on 27th November 1942 in Washington and passed away on 18th September 1970. He was a guitarist, singer and songwriter. Many musicians and commentators in the industry consider him to be the greatest guitarist in the history of rock music. He is one of the most important and influential musicians of his era across a range of genres.
Billy Idol - William Michael Albert Broad
Billy Idol was born as William Michael Albert Broad on 30th November 1955, and is an English rock musician. He first became famous as a member of the band Generation X. Following this success he began a successful solo career and now has a worldwide fan base.
Michael Lee Aday (Meat Loaf) - Marvin Lee Aday
Michael Lee Aday (stage name of Meat Loaf) was born as Marvin Lee Aday on 27th September 1947 in Texas. He is a rock musician and actor, noted for the Bat out of Hell album trilogy.
Freddie Mercury - Farrokh Bulsara
Freddie Mercury was born as Farrokh Bulsara on 5th September 1946 and passed away on 24th November 1991. He is best known for being the lead singer in the rock band Queen. International its from the band included Bohemian Rhapsody, Don�t Stop Me Now and We Are The Champions.
Bonnie Tyler - Gaynor Hopkins
Bonnie Tyler was born as Gaynor Hopkins on 8th June 1951 Neath, Wales. She is recognisable as a singer with a highly distinctive, husky voice.
Shania Twain - Eileen Regina Edwards
Shania Twain was born as Eileen Regina Edwards on 28th August 1965 in Canada. Her third album Come on Over is the best-selling album in the history of country music. Particularly popular were the singles That Don�t Impress Me Much and Man! I Feel Like a Woman!
Tina Turner - Anna Mae Bullock
Tina Turner was born Anna Mae Bullock on 26th of November 1939 in Tennessee. She is a singer and actress who�s career has lasted over 50 years throughout which she has won many awards and has been referred to as �The Queen of Rock and Roll�.
Sir Cliff Richard - Harry Roger Webb
Sir Cliff Richard was born Harry Roger Webb on 14th October 1940. He is a singer-songwriter and entrepreneur. He dominated the British popular music in the late 1950s and early 1960s and continues to be a popular music, film and television personality in Britain.
Iggy Pop - James Newell Osterburg
Iggy Pop was born as James Newell Osterburg on 21st April 1947 in Michigan. He is a rock singer, songwriter and has also appeared occasionally as an actor.
Stevie Wonder � Steveland Hardaway Judkins
Stevie Wonder was born as Steveland Hardaway Judkins (also known as Steveland Hardaway Morris) on 13th May 1950 in Michigan. He was a prominent figure in popular music in the late 20th Century recording over thirty top ten hits and winning twenty-two Grammy Awards (the most ever won by a solo-artist).
Sportspeople, Politicians, and Historical Figures
The following are some of the well known sportspeople, politicians and historical figures who have changed their names.
Muhammad Ali - Cassius Marcellus Clay
Muhammad Ali was born as Cassius Marcellus Clay on 17th January 1942 in Kentucky. During his hugely successful boxing career he was a three-time World Heavyweight Champion.
Elle MacPherson - Eleanor Nancy Gow
Elle MacPherson was born as Eleanor Nancy Gow on 29th March 1963 in Australia. She is a successful model, actress, and businesswoman.
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton - William Jefferson Blythe
Bill Clinton changed his surname from Blythe to Clinton. He was born on 19th August 1946. He served as the 42nd president of the United States standing in office from January 20, 1993 � January 20, 2001.
Malcolm X - Malcolm Little
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on 19th May 1925 and died 21st February 1965. He was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker and human rights activist.
Joseph Stalin - Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvilli
Joseph Stalin was born Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvilli on 18th December 1878 and died on 5th March 1953. He was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union�s Central Committee later rising to be the leader of the Soviet Union.
Twiggy - Lesley Hornby
Twiggy was born as Lesley Hornby on 19th September 1949 in London. She is a model, actress and singer and currently also known by her married name Twiggy Lawson. She became the first ever prominent teenage model at just 16 years old and is now regarded as one of the most famous models of all time.
Roberta Cowell - Robert Cowell
Robert Cowell changed his first name to Roberta following the first known British male-to-female became the first known British male-to-female transsexual to undergo vaginoplasty on 15th May 1951 via a surgical method.
Time Saving Tip: The quickest and easiest way to change your name in the UK is to
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What is the meaning of the Spanish word 'Zorro'? | David Robert Jones is better know as...
Dates of religious and Civil
holidays around the world.
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David Robert Jones
So who is David Robert Jones? Well, David Robert Jones is no other than the British David Bowie who was born on , 1947, under the name David Robert Jones, but later changed his name to David Bowie, a name by which we all know him today.
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"Who plays the part of Tommy Beresford in the BBC series ""Partners in Crime"", based on an Agatha Christie novel?" | Agatha Christie dramas planned to mark anniversary - BBC News
BBC News
Agatha Christie dramas planned to mark anniversary
28 February 2014
Image copyright Getty Images
Image caption Agatha Christie was born in Torquay, Devon, in September 1890
Agatha Christie's most successful book and two of her lesser-known sleuths are to be brought to the screen as part of a series of BBC programmes marking the 125th anniversary of her birth.
And Then There Were None, the author's most-read book, is to be adapted by Sarah Phelps into a three-part drama.
David Walliams, meanwhile, will play one half of a married detective duo in six-part series Partners in Crime.
A series of documentaries about the British crime writer are also planned.
Ben Stephenson, the corporation's drama commissioning controller, said he was "delighted that the great British institution that is the BBC" was entering a "long-term relationship" with such a "brilliantly British" author.
Born in 1890, Christie is best known as the creator of Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple and the author of West End play The Mousetrap.
The new dramas follow the conclusion of ITV's long-running Poirot series, which saw David Suchet portray the legendary Belgian detective.
Though less well known, the husband-and-wife duo Tommy and Tuppence Beresford also appeared on ITV in feature-length 1983 drama The Secret Adversary.
Francesca Annis and James Warwick played the couple on that occasion, going on to reprise their roles in 1983 series Partners in Crime.
Christie's Tommy and Tuppence books went on to spawn a trio of French films, starring Andre Dussollier and Catherine Frot, that renamed the characters Belisaire and Prudence.
Image copyright PA
Image caption Walliams previously appeared in a 2004 edition of ITV's Miss Marple series
It is not yet known who will play Tuppence to Walliams's Tommy in the latest adaptation of their crime-solving adventures.
"In bringing these thrilling stories to the screen, it is our ambition for Tommy and Tuppence to finally take their rightful place alongside Poirot and Marple as iconic Agatha Christie characters," said the 42-year-old.
"I was first drawn to the delicious notion of a married couple solving crimes together, and the more I read of the Tommy and Tuppence novels and short stories I realised they are among Christie's very best work."
And Then There Were None was the US title for a 1939 mystery that was originally published in the UK under a different title derived from a traditional nursery rhyme.
The novel, about 10 strangers marooned on an island who are killed off one by one, was Christie's most popular novel, selling more than 100 million copies worldwide.
Phelps is known for her work on BBC soap EastEnders and her TV adaptations of the Charles Dickens novels Oliver Twist and Great Expectations.
Little Britain star Walliams was recently seen in BBC One comedy Big Train and on the West End stage in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Mathew Prichard, Christie's grandson, said it was "fantastic" to have the author "welcomed with such enthusiasm... in her all-important 125th anniversary year."
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Which Scottish cheese is rolled in oatmeal? | BBC - Partners In Crime - major new BBC One drama for Agatha Christie’s 125th celebration year - Media Centre
BBC One brings Endor Productions and Acorn Productions' Agatha Christie’s married couple Tommy and Tuppence to life in a brand-new six-part adventure series for the channel. Partners In Crime stars David Walliams (Little Britain, Big School) as
Tommy and Jessica Raine (Call The Midwife, Wolf Hall) as Tuppence.
Directed by Edward Hall (Restless, Downton Abbey), episodes 1-3, 'The Secret Adversary', are written by award-winning author, playwright and director Zinnie Harris, (Spooks, Born With Two Mothers, Richard Is My Boyfriend) with the following three, 'N or M?' penned by Claire Wilson, (Where There Is Darkness, Twist).
Partners In Crime is produced by Georgina Lowe, (Mr Turner, Mad Dogs), executive produced by Emmy award-winning Hilary Bevan Jones (Roald Dahl’s Esio Trot, State Of Play), David Walliams, Hilary Strong (Poirot, Have I Got News For You) and Mathew Prichard for Acorn Productions/Agatha Christie Ltd and Matthew Read for the BBC.
Partners In Crime is an adventure series with espionage and humour at its heart. Set in a 1950s Britain rising from the ashes of the Blitz into the grip of a new Cold War, our beekeeping duo stumble into a world of murder, undercover agents and cold war conspiracy.
Tuppence is a woman who sees adventure round every corner, throwing herself head first into every mystery with passion and fervour, determined to get to the truth no matter what it takes, much to the dismay of her more cautious husband Tommy.
Hilary Bevan Jones, executive producer and founder of Endor Productions, says: “To introduce the iconic Christie characters Tommy and Tuppence and their adventures to a whole new generation, is a fabulous opportunity for all of us at Endor. Our incredible creative team of David Walliams, Zinnie Harris and Claire Wilson are crafting a drama that promises to be exciting, fun and fresh. With the inspirational Edward Hall directing the whole series, and Georgina Lowe producing, we have a clarity and cohesiveness of ambition that promises only the best.”
David Walliams says: “In bringing these thrilling stories to the screen, it is our ambition for Tommy and Tuppence to finally take their rightful place alongside Poirot and Marple as iconic Agatha Christie characters. I was first drawn to the delicious notion of a married couple solving crimes together, and the more I read of the Tommy and Tuppence novels and short stories, the more I realised they are among Christie’s very best work.”
Hilary Strong, Managing Director, Acorn Productions, says: “We are excited to be working with the BBC and Endor to bring Agatha Christie to a whole new generation of viewers as we continue to build the Christie brand worldwide. Partners In Crime is the first of two major new dramas for 2015, the second of which is a new production of And Then There Were None, one of Christie’s most popular novels of all time. I am delighted that our partnership with the BBC will play a central part in our 125th anniversary celebrations next year.”
Mathew Prichard, Chairman of Agatha Christie Ltd, says: “The first Tommy and Tuppence novel was published in 1922 and my grandmother, Agatha Christie, would be thrilled to see her crime-fighting team reinvigorated for the BBC over 90 years on from when she first brought them to life.”
Ben Stephenson Controller of Drama Commissioning, says: “This new and exciting partnership between David and Jessica promises to bring a fresh new take on these classic and well-loved adventures. With their combination of humour, wit and talent, I can’t think of two people better suited to take on the iconic roles of Tommy and Tuppence.”
Press contacts:
Victoria Brooks at Milk Publicity, [email protected] | 0207 520 1087 | 07712 009588
Richard Dobbs at Milk Publicity, [email protected] | 0207 520 1087 | 07793 535697
Una Maguire at Milk Publicity, [email protected] | 0207 520 1087 | 07801 036272
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Chartwell, the former home of Winston Churchill is in which county? | Churchill, Chartwell, and the Garden of England
Churchill, Chartwell, and the Garden of England
Churchill, Chartwell, and the Garden of England
Man of Kent, Kentish Man
DOUGLAS J. HALL
Feature Articles - Finest Hour 111
Kent, that largely maritime county in the extreme southeast of England, was Winston Churchill's spiritual home for almost half his life. When he became resident in "The Garden of England" in 1924, if not before, he undoubtedly discovered that amongst the natives there is an ancient and obscure rivalry between "Kentish Men" and "Men of Kent." The story's origins are uncertain and its perpetration equally ambiguous. Very approximately, Kentish Men are from the largely land-locked west of the county, whilst Men of Kent are from the east which is bounded on three sides by the sea.
Churchill's purchase of Chartwell may, he might have thought, have given him some claim to being a Kentish Man, and some years later he was able to delight in considering himself uniquely an affiliate of both fraternities when his appointment as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports brought him the right to reside in Walmer Castle. In fact, native-born Kentish Men and Men of Kent guard their birthright with consummate jealousy, and "foreigners" immigrating merely to take up residence are not normally or readily admitted to either clan. However, Churchill came to be regarded with equal approbation throughout his adopted county.
Born in Oxfordshire, Churchill had been itinerant for more than half his life, but when he did decide to put down roots for the second time in 1922 he was delighted to discover Chartwell, virtually on Kent's western boundary. The tranquillity of the place captivated him. Looking out over the Weald of Kent, many years later, he was to say, "I bought Chartwell for that view." The bonus was that the view was also within 25 miles of the House of Commons. Clementine had written to him, "I long for a country home but I would like it to be a rest and joy Bunny not a fresh preoccupation." In the event, for the next 15 years or so, Chartwell became the biggest preoccupation imaginable, as Winston spent upwards of £30,000 (£140,000/$200,000 in today's money) in addition to the original purchase price of £5,000, on an extensive programme of rebuilding and improvements.
He was heard to remark, "A day away from Chartwell is a day wasted," although in fact by the time the various enhancements had been completed to his satisfaction circumstances dictated that Chartwell was to become something of a pied-á-terre whilst he found it necessary to spend more of his time in London - successively at Morpeth Mansions, 10 Downing Street and 28 Hyde Park Gate‹or at Chequers, the Prime Minister's country residence. Churchill's preference was always strongly for Chartwell but, as Anthony Montague Browne related in his book Long Sunset (Cassell: 1995), the permutations of domestic arrangements became something of a trial for Clementine. He recalled one conversation at Downing Street during the early 1950s:
Winston: "I shall go to Chartwell next weekend."
Clementine: "Winston, you can't. It's closed and there will be no-one to cook for you."
Winston: "I shall cook for myself. I can boil an egg. I've seen it done."
Churchill's threat was received in dumfounded silence on all sides but it was not carried out. His gastronomic priorities clearly prevailed!
In 1945 Churchill feared that his income was no longer sufficient to allow him to maintain Chartwell and a consortium of wealthy friends offered to purchase the property on behalf of the National Trust, on condition that he could continue to live there, at a nominal rent of £350 a year, for the rest of his life. There is some dispute over the purchase price. Sir Martin Gilbert in the Official Biography (Volume VIII, page 304) quotes £43,800 but in Churchill: A Life, page 873, he cites £50,000. Most other sources quote the higher figure. That would have been a fair return on Churchill's total expenditure on the property over more than 20 years, and by the time he died in 1965 its value would have appreciated to over £100,000. In today's money that is in excess of £1 million but, it is stressed, this is merely a "bricks and acres" value and its historical associations and contents are priceless.
The original Cinque Ports were Dover, Hastings, Hythe, Romney and Sandwich. Until the reign of Henry VII (1485-1509) these ports had enjoyed certain privileges in return for supplying the King with a navy. Henry VII nationalized the privateers, creating the first truly Royal Navy, and withdrew the privileges, but the ancient title of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports remained as an honorary and purely ceremonial office within the gift of the King. It had become the custom for the King to award the office in recognition of distinguished service to the State and previous incumbents had included Palmerston, Pitt and Wellington.
Once awarded, the office was for life and in 1941, on the death of Lord Willingdon - a former Governor-General of Canada and Viceroy of India -George VI offered the Lord Wardenship to Churchill. In fact, as Jock Colville revealed in The Fringes of Power (Hodder & Stoughton: 1985), Churchill's name had been suggested to the King's private secretary by Anthony Bevir, who looked after all patronage matters at No. 10 Downing Street. Churchill never knew this but it didn't matter since the King was delighted to accept the recommendation.
The Prime Minister himself was much attracted by the historic splendour of the appointment, although somewhat daunted by the cost of rates, taxes and upkeep of Walmer Castle, and within a month travelled to the coast to inspect his new bailiwick. Although his appointment as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports took effect from September 1941, Churchill deemed that he was too busy prosecuting the war to attend the colourful installation ceremony at Dover Castle. Of course it would have been quite unthinkable to mount such an event at a location within range of the German cross channel artillery, and subject furthermore to frequent visits by the Luftwaffe. In the event the traditional ceremony was held in August 1946. (The resident Scotland Yard bodyguard, Ronald Golding, recalls the day, and other happenings at Chartwell at this time, in Finest Hour 33 and 34.)
Churchill delighted in wearing the splendid Lord Warden's uniform on any ceremonial occasion (see page 11), whether or not the occasion had any remote connection with the office. He wore it, for example, for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, reckoning that as Prime Minister he should not be outshone by anyone at the ceremony other than the Queen herself. There are at least three portraits of Churchill wearing his Lord Warden's uniform: by John Leigh-Pemberton (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich), Bernard Hailstone (Dover Town Hall) and Dennis Ramsey (Deal Town Hall).
When Churchill reopened Chartwell after World War II he hoisted large and colourful flags, bearing the heraldic devices of the office of Lord Warden, from the Chartwell flagstaff (right) whenever he was in residence. But because of the proximity of the flagstaff to a chimney stack, the flags very soon suffered undue damage and flag flying was soon restricted to special occasions. He was elected an Honorary Life Member of the Association of Men of Kent and Kentish Men in 1949. The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway, a 15-inch-gauge light passenger railway running for 13 1/2 miles along the southern coast of Kent, connects two of the Cinque Ports and has appropriately commemorated Churchill's Lord Wardenship. One of its locomotives, a one-third scale replica of a North American Pacific 4-6-2, to this day proudly carries the nameplate "Winston Churchill."
| Kent |
"Which Roman Emperor wrote ""meditations'1 in the 2nd century AD?" | Chartwell House | Biggin Hill Website
Biggin Hill Website
Chartwell House – Sir Winston Churchills Family House
Chartwell, near Westerham, Kent
This property is managed and cared for by the National Trust.
Visit the family home where Britains wartime Prime Minister lived for more than 40 years. See the rooms as they were in Churchills time right down to the daily papers and his famous cigars. Capture the mood of the key moments in the 20th Century, looking through photographs and books spanning Churchills colourful career. Visit the museum and exhibit rooms with their impressive displays and sound recordings and superb collection of Churchills mementoes and uniforms including his famous siren-suit and hats. Explore the lovely gardens with its lakes and the water garden, where Churchill sat to feed Golden Orfe, Lady Clementine’s Rose Garden, the Golden Rose walk and magnificent views over the Weald of Kent. See dozens of Churchills paintings in the garden studio where he worked and the garden walls that Churchill built with his own hands.
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"What do Australian's call a ""Stag Party*?" | The Origin of Bachelor Parties - AdventureBritain | AdventureBritain
The Origin of Bachelor Parties
Where does the term stag party & bachelor party come from you ask?
This is a very good question. In Britain,Canada and Ireland the event is referred to as a stag party, stag night, stag do or stag weekend. In Australia they are bucks parties and bachelor parties in America.
It is a party held for the single man just before he gets married. It is a celebration of his honour, although it may not seem like it at the time as humiliation seems to be the order of the day…
It is also sometimes known as his last night of freedom although the duration of the event over recent years seems to have changed from the traditional drink the night before the wedding to weekends away participating in things such as adventurous activities and generally getting involved in things his future wife may not approve of.
Read more: How to Plan the Perfect Stag Weekend
What are stag or bachelor parties?
It is a last chance as a bachelor to gather together a group of people who have known the him since childhood, through school, in University and work colleagues, sports clubs and obviously last but not least his family. It can often be the last opportunity to get this grouping of people together before the Groom and his peers take on more responsible adult marital roles – mortgages, children and monthly bills. This is not just you average night for drinking in the pub or bar. It has a tradition and mystique associated with it involving tricks and lots of drinking usually at the groom’s expense.
It often has a risqué element such as strippers or being stripped and tied to lampposts in the dead of night, body hair being shaved off, dressing up in fancy dress with the groom in female attire the list is endless.
Although there is not much evidence around to explain the origins of this famous tradition what evidence there is suggests that it was originally called the bachelor dinner, or stag party. Like many other wedding traditions, it seems to extend back into ancient history. Evidence suggests it first came about in the fifth century, in Sparta, where military comrades would feast and toast one another on the eve of a friend’s wedding. There he would say goodbye to the carefree days of bachelorhood and swear continued allegiance to his comrades.
Adventure Britain lets you build your own stag weekend package .
Why a stag?
The reference to stag and bucks also has strong male conartations. The leader of the pack or herd, virile, male vigour and ardour, males in their prime identified with strength and vitality. There’s another stag connection with male rites of passage – again possibly involving drinking alcohol to excess and soliciting the favours of ladies who are prepared happily to remove all their clothing for the appropriate sum. The Horned God referred to in both Celtic and early English mythology was a symbol of all things male – the Celts called him Cernunnos.
Legend from these times is often confused, but it seems clear that in pre-Christian times, Brits definitely worshipped a large hairy god who sported antlers, ran around with the Einheriar, or wild hunt.
Why bachelor?
As to the word bachelor, again its history is murky. The earliest meaning of bachelor in English is ‘a young knight who followed the banner of another’. This reference is first found in the late thirteenth century. The use of the word in the context of ‘an unmarried man’, is found in Chaucer in the late fourteenth century. The English word, seems to come from Old French. The source of the Old French word, many believe, probably comes from a Latin word baccalaris ‘farmhand’ but who really knows well your guess is as good as the next man!
For more ideas on stag weekends click here , or take a look at our special stag weekend packages .
| Bachelor party |
"Who sang the title theme song to the bond film ""The spy who loved me""?" | The Truth About Bachelor Parties
Meet the 3 Brothers Behind It Brand The Kooples
The Truth About Bachelor Parties
The Hangover movies make stag night seem like a harmless (if insane) male ritual. But the reality is a woman's worst nightmare.
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Three days before his wedding, Adam set foot in a strip club, the location of his bachelor party. All the 37-year-old expected to get was a few lap dances — but then his buddies upped the ante. "It became apparent that this strip club was a brothel," he says. "Men would vanish with women across the street to a hotel, and return later. My friends asked, 'How much?' then started goading me."
At first, Adam hesitated: How could he cheat on his fiancée — especially in front of all these people, some her family members? Still, he reasoned, "This would be my last chance to touch another woman ever again. Being drunk and rising to their taunts, I picked a statuesque blonde with fake breasts and took a trip across the street." The sex, he says, was amazing — so much so that his fiancée didn't enter his mind until he was walking back to the club. At that point, he panicked, wondering how people would react. "If they had greeted me with averted eyes, I would have been really nervous," he says. "Instead, everyone burst into cheers, as if I'd walked in with a Nobel Prize." Before ending the night, the men devised a plan to conceal Adam's infidelity. "We agreed to overload the women with stories, except that one thing, so they'd assume they knew everything," he says. The next day, the women grilled their guys, but no one caved. "Their solidarity and confidentiality amazes me to this day," says Adam. "Her friends and family were there, and no one breathed a word."
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Bachelor parties have always had a bad rap. But with movies like The Hangover Part II celebrating just how wild this pre-wedding ritual can get, it's clear that many men see this night as an anything-goes event — even a socially acceptable chance to stray. Some men insist that infidelity in this context is no big deal, although their partners may disagree. But women rarely find out the truth. So what the hell goes on at these parties, anyway?
While not all bachelor parties include sex, the combination of booze, male bravado, and strippers is a heady mix that moves some men to do things they'd never do otherwise. As Jack, 37, explains about a bachelor party he attended, "I assumed strippers would paw me, then I'd go home and have sex with my wife," he says. "But after the stripper got me excited, she said, 'For $100, I'll finish you off.' It was like Zeus reaching down from heaven. When a girl is literally unzipping your pants, men can't say no. We're not built that way." That was the only time Jack has cheated on his wife, and he doesn't plan to again. "The opportunity is rare," he says. "You're only visiting a strip club when a guy gets dumped or engaged."
A few men admit that bachelor parties are a pressure-fueled situation that makes some feel like they have no choice but to cheat, like Sam, 42, who attended a bachelor party with two strippers. "The groom wasn't into it, so they picked me to fill in," says Sam. "The strippers both gave me oral sex while people threw cash on top of us and high-fived me. It was like I was starring in my own porno. With everyone chanting, 'Do it!' you can't say no."
Sometimes the sex is premeditated. Take Kevin, 29, who embarked on a "sexual scavenger hunt" during a bachelor party in Montreal. "We said we'd have sex with a stripper, a bride-to-be, a cougar, etc.," says Kevin. "Two guys were married, one engaged, one single, and one with a girlfriend, like me. I slept with a stripper (full point) and kissed a bride-to-be (half point)." Kevin admits that bachelor parties are male bonding at its worst: "It was a twisted celebration of our bond, another chapter in our history," he says.
Do these guys feel guilty during or after the act? Not really, since to them, it's not exactly cheating: The women are merely part of a rite of passage. It's a strange ritual, but no more bizarre than a wedding itself, argues Travis, 39. "You're pledging your entire life to one person, in a church with statues of bleeding people, and you're spending a fortune," he says. "The process is surreal, so it sets you up for anything." So when his pals hired two strippers for his bachelor party, Travis went for it. "I let my friends take control because I didn't want to be responsible," he says. "It was depraved, but at least it's out of my system."
Perhaps this is the crux of the ritual — for some men, bachelor-party sex is anticlimactic, even depressing, and sends them running back into the arms of their fiancées. Suddenly, marriage and fidelity seem appealingly wholesome. Afterward, Travis admits, "It wasn't so great compared to life with my fiancée," adding, "My wedding day was then — and still is — the best day of my entire life." And he's been faithful ever since. You believe him, right?
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A monopoly is where there is only one seller of a goods or service, what word is used for only one buyer? | What is a monopoly? by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
LINFO
Monopoly: A Brief Introduction
Monopoly is a term used by economists to refer to the situation in which there is a single seller of a product (i.e., a good or service) for which there are no close substitutes. The word is derived from the Greek words monos (meaning one) and polein (meaning to sell).
Governmental policy with regard to monopolies (e.g., permitting, prohibiting or regulating them) can have major effects not only on specific businesses and industries but also on the economy and society as a whole.
Two Extreme Cases
It can be useful when thinking about monopoly to look at two extreme cases. One is a pure monopoly, in which one company has complete control over the supply or sales of a product for which there are no good substitutes. The other is pure competition or perfect competition, a situation in which there are many sellers of identical, or virtually identical, products.
There are various degrees of monopoly, and rarely does anything approaching pure monopoly exist. Thus, the term is generally used in a relative sense rather than an absolute one. For example, a company can still be considered a monopoly even if it faces competition from (1) a few relatively small scale suppliers of the same or similar product(s) or (2) somewhat different goods or services that can to some limited extent be substituted for the product(s) supplied by the monopolist. A business that produces multiple products can be considered a monopoly even if it has a monopoly with regard to only one of the products.
A company with a product that is just slightly different from other companies' products (e.g., a unique brand of food or clothing) could be considered to have a monopoly for that narrow range of product (assuming that it could not be copied due to protection by a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.). However, it might have very little monopoly power within the broader product category that includes both its and its competitors' products (e.g., food or clothing as a whole). In contrast, a company with exclusive rights to sell a product for which there are few if any good substitutes (e.g., steel or table salt1) would have tremendous monopoly power.
For a product characterized by perfect competition (or nearly perfect competition), each supplier or seller must set its price equal to (or very close to) those of its competitors. This equilibrium price tends to be close to the cost of producing the product due to price competition among its many sellers. It is difficult for any seller to charge a higher price than its competitors because it would be easy for buyers to purchase from other sellers instead. It is likewise difficult for a seller to charge a lower price, because profit margins (i.e., revenue minus cost) are already thin2.
Naturally, all businesses, regardless of their degree of monopoly power, generally want to be as successful as possible, and thus they attempt to maximize their profits. However, it is much easier for a monopolist to make large profits through profit maximizing behavior than it is for a firm in a highly competitive industry. The reason is that the former has much greater flexibility in setting prices than does the latter, which has little if any control over prices.
The monopolist has this flexibility because there is little or no direct competition to force the price down close to the cost of production. Of course, the monopolist will be acutely aware of the fact that the higher the price it charges, the smaller will be the number of units sold (what economists refer to as the law of demand 3). This is because at higher prices some purchasers will just decide to buy fewer units or no units at all. A reduction in the number of units sold will eventually occur when the price rises to a sufficiently high level, regardless of how much buyers think they want the product, because buyers are ultimately limited by their incomes and savings.
Assuming (unrealistically, but for the sake of simplification) that a monopolist could only charge a single price for a product, it would find the unique price that maximizes its profits. Raising the price above that level would reduce profits because the negative effect of the reduction in the number of units sold due to the higher price would more than offset the positive effect from the higher price. This profit maximizing price would generally be substantially higher than the product's cost of production, and it would thus also be substantially higher than the equilibrium price that would exist for the product if it were instead supplied by a number of competitive firms. Likewise, the volume of output and sales would be substantially lower than in a competitive situation.
The monopoly power of a company for a product is commonly thought of in terms of its market share for that product. However, it can also be measured by the ability that a company has to set the price for the product. In fact, this is the measure of monopoly used by some government agencies when studying competition in various industries.
Price Discrimination
A seller of a product in a competitive industry (i.e., one characterized by many competing sellers of a good or service) generally can only charge a single price (i.e., the price that its competitors are charging) to all of its customers. However, monopolists not only have the ability to charge a higher price than would competitive firms supplying the same product, but they also have the ability to charge significantly different prices to different customers for the same product.
Monopolists are invariably well aware both of this ability and of the fact that by taking advantage of it they can often gain much greater profits than they could by just charging a single price to all customers. That is, a monopolist can maximize its profits by charging a separate profit-maximizing price for each type or group of customers (e.g., different income levels, professions, education levels, geographic locations or ethnicities) rather than by charging one profit maximizing price to all customers taken as a whole, because of the differences that generally exist among the different types or groups of customers with respect to their ability and willingness4 to pay. This behavior is termed price discrimination.
The ability to engage successfully in price discrimination depends on the degree of separation of markets, that is, how difficult or costly it is for buyers to transfer the product among themselves. For example, small, easily transportable items (e.g., those that come in a small box or that can be delivered via the Internet) are generally easier to transfer among buyers than are large, heavy products (e.g., hydroelectric generators and steel beams), customized products (e.g., consulting services or dental work) or products that make extensive use of a local language (e.g., books and some computer software ). If a product is easy for buyers to resell, then businesses or individuals who can buy it at lower prices would have a profit incentive to resell it to others who would be charged a higher price by the monopolist. Monopolists generally are strongly opposed to such transferring of their products among buyers, and they tend to devote considerable effort to attempting to stop or minimize it.
Among the many tactics used by monopolists to attempt to separate their markets are the use of warranties that are only valid in the country of purchase and labeling a product and manuals for it only in the local language for each country or region. For example, a software developer could charge a relatively low price for its product in Thailand (a relatively low income country) and discourage its transfer to Singapore or Japan (relatively high income countries) for resale there in competition with the higher prices it charges in those countries by having the software operate only in the Thai language, which is generally not understood by people outside of Thailand, rather than having it be adjustable by the user to operate in any of a number of languages.
Region codes for computer games and DVDs (digital versatile disks) are also an attempt at price discrimination. These are codes that incorporated into the games and disks as well as into the players for them. They are designed to allow any game or disk to play only in the region in which it was sold, thereby allowing the sellers to control release dates and charge the profit maximizing price for each region. However, this is not always effective because some countries have outlawed the practice and required that players sold in their country be able to play games or disks from any region. Also, some users have been able to circumvent such regional lockout by modifying their players so that they can play games or disks from any region.
Another common example is student discounts, which are often available for some products, such as computer software, because suppliers of such products are well aware that the profit maximizing price for this class of customers is lower than that for people who work full time. Sale of the products at the special student prices is restricted through the requirement of student identification at the time of purchase, and subsequent resale is discouraged through such means as identification checks in order to use warranties and obtain upgrades.
Lower prices on some products are likewise often available for senior citizens, because, as is the case with students, the profit maximizing price is lower for them as a group due to their lower average income. Such recipients of lower prices will, of course, feel happy and feel as if they are receiving something special. This will help make a monopolist seem benevolent and can create goodwill for it. However, what is often being overlooked is the fact that this is not necessarily just benevolence (although it might be in some cases), but it is definitely profit maximizing behavior. In any event, the recipients of the lower prices will still likely be paying much more than the actual cost of providing the product.
Airlines are very efficient at separating their markets. This can be seen by the fact that tickets to any given destination are typically sold for a wide range of prices (generally with little relationship to the cost of providing the trip), even for adjacent seats on the same airplane. For example, a number of techniques are used to charge higher fares for business travelers (who are typically more concerned about convenience and time saving than about fares) than for leisure travelers (who are usually on tighter budgets), including by charging higher fares for people not making reservations far in advance or not willing to stay at a destination through a weekend (both of which business travelers often prefer not to do). The airlines are able to prevent the reselling of their tickets (and thereby maintain their separation of markets) through the use of identification checks at check-in and boarding times5.
Types of Monopoly
Monopolies can be classified in various ways, including according to the degree of monopoly power, the cause of the monopoly, the structure of the monopoly and whether the monopoly is with regard to selling or buying.
Frequently, instead of a single company, a monopoly consists of a group of companies that collude to control prices and quantities. In particular, an oligopoly is a situation in which sales of a product are dominated by a small number of relatively large sellers who are able to collectively exert control over its supply and prices.
A cartel is a type of oligopoly in which a centralized institution exists for the purpose of coordinating the actions of several independent suppliers of a product. Probably the best known example today is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). A problem with cartels and other oligopolies, at least from the participants' point of view, is the fact that they are inherently unstable. This is because there is a strong incentive for each individual supplier to cheat and supply more than its allotted quota; this instability tends to be greater the larger the number of participants.
In the latter half of the nineteenth century trusts became a popular way to form monopolies in the U.S. A trust was an arrangement by which stockholders in several companies transferred their shares to a single set of trustees. In exchange, the stockholders received a certificate entitling them to a specified share of the consolidated earnings of the jointly managed companies. The trusts came to dominate a number of major industries. The largest and most infamous of these was Standard Oil , but trusts were also formed in numerous other industries including railroads, coal, steel, sugar, tobacco and meatpacking.
Although monopoly is most often thought of as referring to sellers, it can also apply to buyers. A monopsony is the opposite of a conventional monopoly in the sense that there is only a single buyer (or only one dominant buyer) for a product for which there are multiple sellers. Some companies are both monopolies and monopsonies. By being also a monopsonist, a monopoly can increase its profits even further (i.e., as compared with being a competitive purchaser) by putting pressure on the companies that supply inputs for its product(s) to reduce their prices.
It is relatively easy for a monopolist to also become a monopsonist in some cases because, by definition, a monopolist has one or more unique products, and thus it is possible that it would also need some unique inputs to produce those unique products. Even if a monopolist does not require unique inputs, however, it can still wield considerable monopsony power if it is a large company.
Causes of Monopoly
Monopolies have existed throughout much of human history. This is because powerful forces exist both for the creation and maintenance of monopolies6. At the root of these forces is the natural human desire for wealth and power together with the fact that monopolies can be immensely profitable and provide their owners with tremendous financial, political and social power.
Monopolistic power existed even in primitive societies because limited technical knowledge, poor transportation and small, scattered populations left little room for the emergence of numerous, competitive suppliers for some goods and services. In medieval Europe, guilds arose as transportation improved, economies grew and competition increased. Guilds were cartels formed by artisans and merchants for the purpose of controlling output, setting prices and establishing restrictions on new producers and sellers.
When nation-states began to emerge in the late Renaissance, monopolies proved to be a useful device for their leaders to acquire the resources to maintain large armies and extravagant life styles. Major European nations also granted monopoly powers to private trading companies in order to stimulate the exploration and exploitation of new lands in the Americas, Asia, Africa, etc.
Monopolies can arise in some circumstances as the result of normal business practices that are characteristic of firms in a highly competitive industry. Or they can arise as a consequence of what economists term anti-competitive practices, that is, behavior that is intended to destroy competition through means other than competing on the basis on price and quality (including the quality of services associated with the product). More specifically, monopolies can arise in any of the following, non-mutually exclusive, ways:
(1) By developing or acquiring control over a unique product that is difficult or costly for other companies to copy. This can occur as a result of a purchase, merger or research and development. An example is pharmaceuticals, which can be extremely expensive and risky to develop (and which are also protected by patents), thereby locking out all but a few large, well funded companies with ample talent. Closely related to this is control over a unique input for a product, such as a unique natural resource.
(2) By having a lower production cost than competitors. This can result from having a more efficient (i.e., more output per unit of input) production technique or from having access to a unique source of low cost inputs (e.g., a mine containing exceptionally high grade ore). In some cases, a greater efficiency is the result of economies of scale , which means that the production cost per unit of product declines as the volume of output increases due to the ability to use some resource more intensively (e.g., a steel mill or railroad with lots of excess capacity).
This category includes natural monopolies . A natural monopoly exists for a product for which there are sufficient economies of scale such that the product can be produced or supplied by a single company at lower cost than by multiple, competing companies. Examples include utilities such as railroads, pipelines, electric power transmission systems and wired telephone systems. It is often wasteful (for consumers and the economy) to have more than one such supplier in a region because of the high costs of duplicating the infrastructure (e.g., parallel railroad networks in a region or two sets of telephone wires to every house).
(3) By using various legal and/or illegal tactics, often referred to as predatory tactics , aimed specifically at eliminating existing or potential competition, such as (a) buying out or merging with competitors, (b) temporarily charging prices below cost to drive competitors out of business (often referred to as predatory pricing or dumping), (c) using a monopoly in one product to create a monopoly with regard to another product (sometimes referred to as the bundling or tying of products), (d) taking control of suppliers of inputs required by competitors or conspiring with them to raise their prices (or lower their quality of service, etc.) to competitors (e) taking control of, or conspiring with, suppliers of other products used by competitors' customers, (f) threatening costly litigation (e.g., regarding allegations of patent or copyright infringements regardless of the legal merits of such claims), which large companies can easily afford but small companies often cannot and (g) using blackmail or threats of violence.
Horizontal integration is the gaining of control by one company over other producers or sellers of the same product. The acquired companies can appear to be quite diverse. Often the acquisition of control is not publicized, and sometimes different branding is used to create the illusion of competition. For example, a broadcasting company might acquire various radio and/or television channels each with a different focus in order to gain control of most of the entire listener or viewer market in a region and thereby prevent the emergence of competitors.
Such seeming diversity can also offer offer other benefits to a monopolist. In particular, it can be valuable in separating markets, thereby allowing the monopolist to charge separate, profit maximizing prices in each. It can also make the existence of a monopoly less conspicuous and less of a target for public criticism, government intervention and the emergence of new competitors.
(4) By controlling a platform and using vendor lock-in . A platform is a standardized specification for a product that allows its providers and users and their products to interoperate without special arrangement. This reduces the overall costs of conducting transactions by removing some of the costs of matching up products with buyers. Lock-in is the practice of designing a product that cannot interoperate with products made by other companies in order to make it difficult and/or costly for users to switch to competing systems. Lock-in is also used so that replacement parts or add-on enhancements must be purchased from the same manufacturer. Examples would include a computer operating system or a portable music storage/replay device that is controlled by a single company.
(5) By receiving a government grant of monopoly status, i.e., becoming a government-granted monopoly. Today this is usually accomplished through the acquisition of a license, patent, copyright, trademark or franchise. Common examples include a franchise for cable television for a certain city or region, a trademark for a popular brand, copyrights on certain cartoon characters or a patent for a unique product or production technique.
As governments usually have the final authority regarding the creation, maintenance and extension of monopolies, public relations, particularly lobbying and advertising, are important tools for monopolists for convincing politicians to ignore, approve or even bless anti-competitive acquisitions, mergers, etc. Among the arguments typically made by monopolists are that such acquisition or merger is in the public interest because it would allow them to (1) spend more money on research and development in order to develop new and improved products, (2) standardize what would otherwise be a chaotic market (i.e., vigorous competition) and (3) reduce costs, and thus prices, through (a) the reduction of redundant production facilities and employees, (b) concentrating production at the most efficient production facilities and (c) obtaining greater economies of scale. Monopolists also frequently support such requests with the claim that they are model corporate citizens and that they are great contributors to charitable and educational causes.
The term barriers to entry is used by economists to refer to obstacles to businesses or to individuals wanting to enter a given field. Some of these barriers occur naturally, whereas others are erected or strengthened by monopolies in order to maintain or enhance their monopoly positions. Examples include the extremely high cost of developing new drugs, limited sources for a low cost input, a dominant platform for software or other products, patent protection of a low cost production technique, the difficulty of trying to compete with famous brands and air transport agreements that make it difficult for new airlines to obtain landing slots at popular airports.
Why Monopolies Can Be Beneficial
Despite their reputation for evil, monopolies can actually generate a net benefit for society under certain circumstances. These are usually situations in which the power and duration of the monopoly are carefully limited.
Natural monopolies can be particularly beneficial. This is because of their ability to attain lower costs of production, often far lower, than would be possible with competitive firms producing the same product in the same region. However, it is almost always necessary for such monopolies to be regulated by a relatively uncorrupted government in order for society to obtain the potential benefits. This is because such monopolies by themselves, as is the case with all monopolies, have little incentive to charge prices close to cost and, rather, tend to charge profit-maximizing prices and restrict output. Likewise, there is often little incentive to pay much attention to quality.
It has long been recognized that government-granted monopolies (i.e., patents, copyrights, trademarks and franchises) can benefit society as a whole by providing financial incentives to inventors, artists, composers, writers, entrepreneurs and others to innovate and produce creative works. In fact, the importance of establishing monopolies of limited duration for this purpose is even mentioned in the U.S. Constitution7. In addition to being for limited periods of time, such monopolies are also generally restricted in other ways, including that there are often fairly good substitutes for their products8.
Why Monopolies Can Be Harmful
Large monopolies have considerable potential to damage both economies and democratic governments (although they can be very beneficial for other types of governments9). Unfortunately, the full extent of the damage is usually not as obvious, at least to the general public, as are the seemingly beneficial effects. And monopolists often go to extreme lengths to disguise or hide such harmful effects. Among the ways in which unregulated monopolies can harm an economy are by causing:
(1) Substantially higher prices and lower levels of output than would exist if the product were produced by competitive companies.
(2) A lower level of quality than would otherwise exist. This includes not only the quality of the goods and services themselves, but also the quality of the services associated with such goods and services.
(3) A slower advance in the development and application of new technology. Advances in technology can improve the quality (e.g., ease of use, durability, environmental friendliness) of products, and they can also reduce their costs of production. Innovation is not as necessary for a monopolist as it is for a highly competitive firm, and, in fact, it can be a bad business strategy. Research and development by monopolists is often largely focused on ways of suppressing new, potentially competitive technologies (and includes such techniques as stockpiling patents) rather than true innovation 10. This can be a serious disadvantage, because economists have long recognized that innovation is a key factor (and possibly the single most important factor) in the growth of an economy as a whole11.
The adverse effects of monopolies can be much more noticeable on an individual level than in the aggregate. These effects include the destruction of businesses that would have survived had competition been based solely on quality and price (with a consequent loss of assets of the owners and jobs of the employees) and prices for products so high as to cause hardship or be unaffordable for some people.
It is often said, even by those who have negative opinions about monopolies, that "monopoly itself is not necessarily bad, but rather it is the abuse of monopoly power that is harmful." This statement is an excessive simplification, and it can be indicative of a lack of understanding of the full extent of harm that can be caused by monopolies.
The abuse of monopoly power clearly can be harmful to an economy. The term abuse in this context refers to such tactics as predatory pricing, colluding with suppliers and the leveraging of a monopoly in one product to gain a monopoly for another product. But what is often overlooked, even by legislation whose supposed purpose is to restrain or regulate monopolies, is the fact that monopolies can be harmful even if they do not engage in such practices.
If a monopolist engages in behavior that produces results similar to that by firms in an industry that is characterized by intensive competition (i.e., charges prices close to cost and does not engage in price discrimination), then there might not be a problem. Unfortunately, however, this is rare even for a seemingly benevolent monopolist. The reason is that the very strong incentives to maximize profits that exist for virtually any business, whether pure monopolist, perfect competitor or somewhere in between, produce very different results for a monopolist than they would for a firm in a highly competitive industry. And monopolists (as is the case with competitive firms) usually do not rank benevolence as a top corporate priority.
Thus, the management and employees in a monopoly might not at all be aware that they are harming the economy, especially if their behavior is similar to that by a non-monopoly. In fact, they may even genuinely believe that they are benefiting the economy because of their conviction that they are more efficient and productive than a number of firms competing with each other would be.
Another reason that the positive effects of even a benevolent monopolist would not be as great as for a competitive company is that innovations that improve quality and reduce production costs are often the result of desperation. (This is something that is easy for many owners of struggling businesses to understand, but is often difficult for others to fully grasp without experiencing it firsthand.) Monopolists generally consider themselves successful, and thus, although they often are innovators to some extent (typically mainly in their earlier years), they usually just do not have that extra motivation to produce truly breakthrough innovations that smaller companies desperate to gain market share (or to just survive) have.
Monopolies and Political Corruption
An additional reason that monopolies can be harmful is that they are often linked to corruption of the political system. That monopolies have both the ability and the desire to use the government for their own ends has been demonstrated repeatedly throughout history.
A free market (i.e., large numbers of competing producers and purchasers, each acting in its own self interest) economy is usually very efficient at making the best decisions for the economy and society as a whole. However, there are some situations, termed by economists as market failure, in which free markets do not work for the best interests of the economy or society as a whole and in which it is thus beneficial to have government intervention (e.g., setting and enforcing rules) for such purposes as (1) protecting public health and the environment, (2) protecting businesses and the public from illegal or abusive behavior by other businesses and (3) regulating natural monopolies.
Businesses naturally have an incentive to try to influence the political process in order to obtain favorable legislation, such as easing costly environmental or safety regulations. It is also natural for them to want legislation that restricts competition in their industry in order to give them some extent of monopoly power. However, in a competitive industry such lobbying can be difficult because there will be many competitors fighting to prevent each other from getting special favors from the government.
In the case of a monopoly, however, the situation is very different. A large monopolist is in a much stronger position to influence the political process because (1) it has much greater financial resources than individual competitors due to the inherent profitability of monopolies, (2) it often can exert considerable pressure on its customers and/or its suppliers to influence politicians on its behalf and (3) there is less opposition because competitors, if they exist at all, are relatively weak.
Reasons that a monopolist would want to influence the political process include (1) to ensure that anti-monopoly measures are not undertaken or that, if they are undertaken, they are just superficial, (2) to strengthen and extend its monopoly position, including to additional products, (3) to prevent or weaken legislation regarding health, environmental, safety and labor relations (i.e., the rights of workers) and (4) to promote the philosophical views of its owner(s) (e.g., with regard to politics or religion).
There are several ways in which a monopolist can influence public policy. Some are legal, others might be illegal or, at least, unethical. They include (1) campaign contributions, (2) gifts, (3) lobbying, (4) putting pressure on suppliers and customers to influence the political process and (5) expenditures (e.g., for advertisements) to influence the public to persuade politicians.
The Philanthropy Argument
The argument is sometimes made that, regardless of whatever other faults that monopolies might have, they should be valued for their great contributions to philanthropic causes. However, there are several problems with this view.
One is that not all monopolies engage in substantial philanthropic activities. Moreover, even for those that do so, such expenditures generally involve only a small part of their total monopoly profits. It can also be argued that monopoly profits are merely taking away funds from other businesses and individuals who might have otherwise spent as much or more (but less conspicuously) on philanthropy.
Moreover, it should be kept in mind that the costs to society from the existence of a monopoly are often much higher than just a transfer of wealth from buyers to the monopolist in the form of higher prices (i.e., they also include the inferior quality, the stifling of innovation and the corruption of democratic political processes), and thus such costs tend to be far greater than any possible benefits from philanthropy.
Philanthropy is far from being an exclusive behavioral trait of monopolists, and it is, in fact, engaged in to some extent by the entire spectrum of organizations and individuals. (This even includes suppliers of illegal narcotics and terrorist organizations, who are well aware that charitable activities can be a very effective and relatively inexpensive means to consolidate and maintain local power.)
In addition, many economists contend that if philanthropic spending is to occur, there are are almost certainly more efficient ways to generate resources for it than by monopoly behavior.
Long-run Instability of Monopolies
Monopolies tend to eventually lose their monopoly power, often in a surprisingly short time, despite their usually vigorous efforts to resist such loss. The companies themselves, however, tend to survive much longer, largely as a result of the great market share, large production capacity and vast wealth and power that they accumulated during their period as a monopolist. The causes of this loss can be grouped into two broad categories: market forces and government intervention.
Just as there are very strong incentives to create and maintain monopolies, strong forces also exist to weaken and destroy monopolies. They can be intentional or unintentional. They likewise revolve around the eternal quest for wealth and power, and they are often at least partially the result of other businesses trying to weaken or destroy monopolies for their own competitive advantage.
Probably the most important such force is innovation or technological advance. This often leads to the development of lower cost production techniques for existing products or the development of completely new products that make it possible for other companies to successfully challenge monopolies. The causes of technological advance are complex, but clearly the hope of challenging an existing monopoly or even starting a new monopoly provides very strong incentives for potential competitors to push research and development aimed at creating new or improved products or production techniques.
Telephones are an often cited example. Wired telephone systems have many characteristics of natural monopolies and thus have been monopolies in most countries. However, technological advance has made it possible for cellular phones to emerge in recent years as a very strong competitor. Cellular phone companies have been able to offer substantially reduced calling charges as compared with wired phones in countries where wired phone charges have remained high and still be very profitable. This competition has greatly weakened the monopolies of wired telephone systems and has forced them to reduce their charges and improve service. Likewise, another new communications technology, VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), is increasingly threatening the oligopolistic nature of conventional long distance telecommunications companies.
Thus, monopolies often make strenuous efforts to stifle the development of new technology and to prevent its application. This includes influencing governments to ban or strictly regulate new technologies, engaging in research and development efforts to patent new technologies before potential competitors can, buying up patents from other companies, and using litigation to claim rights to patents that they might not actually own.
The destruction of monopolies is hastened by their generally higher prices and inferior products. The higher the prices and the more shoddy the products, the easier (and more profitable) it is for new competitors to emerge.
Another possible weakness of monopolies can be their large size and the increasingly bureaucratic and rigid nature of their organizations as they grow in size and years. This can make it difficult for them to respond quickly or skillfully to changes in market conditions and to the emergence of new technologies. In fact, there are natural incentives for individual employees and groups of employees within a monopoly to become very conservative and do as little as possible to promote or facilitate any changes in the monopoly (as there are in most large organizations).
Specious Arguments for Tolerating Monopolies
The argument is often heard that "the government should leave monopolies alone, because their success is a result of market competition." This argument is very misleading for several reasons.
One is that, in many cases, monopolies that have arisen largely as a result of illegitimate or illegal tactics (rather than through competition based on lower prices and superior quality) and they have made great efforts to hide that fact from the general public and politicians.
A second reason is that, even if a monopoly arises by fully legitimate means, there are strong temptations for it to engage (even unknowingly) in practices that are bad for the economy as a whole (e.g., higher prices, lower output and less innovation than in a highly competitive situation), although such behavior and its consequences are usually not readily apparent to laymen or to political decision makers.
It has also been argued that governments need not intervene because monopolies always tend to break down in the long run anyway due to market forces. A major problem with this view is that the long run can be many years12, and the economy and society can suffer substantial damage in the the meantime. Another problem is that this approach does not provide a deterrent to the creation and abusive behavior of new monopolies.
Optimal Public Policy
Public policy with regard to monopolies should ideally be based on what is most efficient for the economy and society as a whole. For natural monopolies, it is generally most efficient to maintain the monopoly, but subject it to government regulation with regard to prices, quality of service, etc.
In the case of monopolies that are not natural monopolies (i.e., products for which there is no great advantage in terms of economic efficiency to having a monopoly), public policy decisions should depend in large part on the behavior of the monopolist. If the monopolist is regarded as charging reasonable prices, providing high quality products, being innovative and not engaging in abusive practices, then there might be good reason to leave it alone. One reason to leave a monopoly alone in such circumstances is to avoid what can be the very substantial costs involved in regulating it or breaking it up.
But if it is determined that a monopolist is charging prices substantially higher than, providing quality lower than, or being less innovative than would occur under competitive conditions or engaging in abusive practices, then there is good cause to take aggressive action.
The ways in which governments can intervene to reduce the adverse effects of monopolies can be classified into three broad categories: (1) strengthening of existing competition or promoting the emergence of new competition by such means as encouraging innovation, providing government contracts to competitors and providing favorable financing to competitors, (2) regulating the monopoly to limit prices, eliminate price discrimination, set quality standards, restrict political activities, etc. and (3) breaking up the monopoly.
When monopolies are permitted to exist, there are several types of policies that should be implemented in order to assure maximum benefit to the economy. They include (1) outlawing price discrimination, (2) outlawing the use of monopoly power with regard to one product for the purpose of gaining a monopoly with regard to other products, (3) setting standards for quality and (4) restricting the direct or indirect political activities of the monopolist.
Because of the strong consensus among economists that large monopolies, and particularly those that abuse their monopoly powers, can be harmful to an economy, most industrial countries have enacted laws aimed at preventing anti-competitive practices and have regulators to aid in the enforcement of such laws.
There has, in fact, been a long history of governments attempting to deal with the abusive practices of monopolists. For example, in 1624 the English Parliament passed the Statute of Monopolies, which greatly restricted the king's right to create private monopolies in the domestic economy. However, this legislation did not apply to the monopoly powers granted to companies formed for overseas exploration and colonization.
The U.S. first attempted to curb monopolies at a national level was through the enactment of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890 in response to the widespread revulsion to the highly abusive practices of Standard Oil. Despite the subsequent passage of a variety of additional antitrust (i.e., anti-monopoly) measures, the Sherman act remains in many respects the most important piece of legislation in the U.S. with regard to monopolies.
Unfortunately, the degree of enforcement of antitrust legislation has varied wildly, even within individual countries (or with regard to individual companies), and it has frequently been based more on political considerations than on economic merit. This is, of course, due to the great difficulty for governments to take effective action against even the most abusive of monopolies because of the exceptional political influence that monopolists tend to acquire and the fact that the adverse effects of monopolies are often less obvious to the public and to politicians than are the supposed beneficial effects.
________
1 Salt has a long history of being a monopoly in much of the world because it is naturally scarce in many regions and because of the strong demand for it (particularly for use as a food preservative and as a flavor enhancer). Salt monopolies have been a very convenient way for governments and large companies to raise vast amounts of money. For example, the rise of Venice to greatness is attributed in large part to its salt monopoly.
2 The exception would be if some company had a lower cost of production than the others, in which case it could become a monopoly if it could expand its output sufficiently.
3 The law of demand states that the quantity purchased is a negative function of the price. That is, the higher the price, the less will be purchased. Interestingly, there are virtually no exceptions to this principle. In terms of the demand curve that is studied in economics classes, this law means that the curve always slopes downward to the right, although some sections may be horizontal or vertical.
4 This is what economists refer to as the price elasticity of demand. A product which buyers urgently want and for which they are relatively insensitive to its price, such as drinking water or table salt, is said to have a low elasticity of demand. A product for which buyers are relatively sensitive to its price has a high elasticity of demand. Monopolists will be aware (even if they are not familiar with this terminology) that different types or groups of buyers may have different elasticities of demand, and they will take such differences into consideration in their profit maximizing calculations.
5 Airlines are not generally considered to be monopolies because there is usually a choice of airlines as well as other modes of transportation from which to choose. However, individual airlines often have substantial monopoly power on certain routes and/or for certain times because they might be the only choice for high speed travel or shipping for a particular route or for that route at a certain time.
6 The argument could be made that this implies that monopolies are the natural state of an economy and thus government intervention should not be used if one believes in a free market economy. However, kings or other dictatorships have also existed throughout most of history, and thus it could likewise be argued that dictatorship is the natural form of government and its citizens should not strive to break it up in order to attain or restore democracy.
7Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution states: The Congress shall have Power . . . To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
8 For example, the fair use doctrine allows people to make copies of copyrighted materials in some situations, trademarks can become invalid if they are not actively protected and patents can be ignored by the government if it wants to use an invention for its own purposes.
9 Large monopolies can be an efficient means of both raising revenue and consolidating power for governments whose primary goals are other than the prosperity of their citizenry (e.g., the accumulation of wealth and power for their leaders). As economic competition and political competition tend to go hand in hand, restricting economic competition through the tolerance for or encouragement of monopolies can be an effective way of restricting political competition (and thus restricting political freedom). In fact, monopolies have commonly been used throughout history for these purposes.
10 There have been a few major exceptions to this. Most notable was Bell Labs , the research and development arm of AT&T. AT&T was one of the largest and most pervasive monopolies in recent U.S. history, although a highly regulated and generally benevolent one. Bell Labs was perhaps the most prolific source of innovation that has ever existed, and it was responsible for such revolutionary inventions as the transistor, the single-chip 32-bit microprocessor , the UNIX computer operating system and the C and C++ programming languages.
11 For a more detailed look at how monopolies affect technological advance, see Why and How Monopolies Impede Technological Advance , The Linux Information Project, June 12, 2006.
12 As John Maynard Keynes, one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century stated so eloquently in what is possibly his most famous quote: "In the long run we are all dead." (No wonder economics is often referred to as the dismal science!) Keynes was referring to the Great Depression of the 1930s and to those economists who advocated letting the market mechanism eventually restore the economy to prosperity instead of calling for immediate government intervention.
Created January 20, 2005. Updated December 1, 2006.
Copyright © 2005 - 2006 The Linux Information Project. All Rights Reserved.
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India by Vijay Jaiswal On August 29, 2013. No comments In a modern democratic political system of India, with governments based on Parliamentary model,... political parties are central to the working of the political system. Political parties in Indian Democracy grow up the as spokesman of organized interests. Thus a Political party system in India is an organization of like minded people based together either to preserve and promote group interests or to promote a particular ideology. Usually every...
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ethnomusicological works are created not necessarily by 'ethnomusicologists' proper, but instead by anthropologists examining music as an aspect of a... culture. A well-known example of such work is Colin Turnbull's study of the Mbuti pygmies. Another example is Jaime de Angulo, a linguist who ended up learning much about the music of the Indians of Northern California [2]. Yet another is Anthony Seeger, professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who studied the music and society of the Suya people...
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Playing monopoly
original way is better. Wait long enough for a technique or idea to be forgotten by the majority of people or just long enough that the majority of your... followers are naive newbies. Bring out the old idea and present it as a new invention. For example, many things in Visual Studio .Net are presented as new ideas even though they have existed in RAD tools like Delphi for over a decade. Why this works? because the majority of new software geeks have no idea what Delphi is and didn't know that you...
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Examples of Essay Questions for Exam1 Chapter 1: 1). Describe the four steps taken in solving a business problem.(A process, not an event)... * Problem identification (is to understand what kind of problem exists). * Solution design (is to design solutions to the problems you have identified) * Solution evaluation and choice (choosing the “best” solution for your business firm) * Implementation (the best solution is one that can be implemented, including building the solution and introducing...
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Nathalia Sosa 3961518 Sept. 20/2012 In the 1991 film Black robe, Jesuit missionaries are sent to the city of Quebec in hopes of changing the native... Indians from savages to Christians. Both the French and the Natives have formed strong perceptions of each other characterized by unusual similarities, undeniable differences, and evident physical traits. The mission the Jesuits have embarked on introduces both societies to experience a never before seen culture, serves to transform an internally confused...
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The French and Indian war also known as the Seven Years War or The War That Made America, was a battle for colonial domination. The battles... between the two colonies began when the Royal Charters had encouraged the British to expand their territory westward, but the colonists faced two opponents in their drive the French and Indians. The French did not want the English intruding on their monopoly, so the battle for land began. The first battle between the French and British was the Ohio River...
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the Laws of Supply and Demand The simulation in the text is about a small city by the name of Atlantis. Atlantis is a well-maintained city with many... positive aspects for the community. All of the aspects make it a pleasant living environment. For example, the city has maintained streets, maintained sidewalks, large parks and jogging paths. To rent an apartment in the community of Atlantis an individual would have to go through Good life Management. The current vacancy rate is at 28 percent of availability...
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The effects of monopolies on the U.S. Economy What is a monopoly? The concept of a monopoly is largely... misunderstood and the mere mention of the term evokes lots of emotions that make clear judgment almost impossible. The standard economic and social case for or against monopolistic businesses is no longer straightforward. According to Mankiw (2009) a monopoly is defined as a market structure characterized by a single seller of a unique product with no close substitutes[1]. When...
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Term Paper Monopoly vs. Oligopoly ECON101: Microeconomics... Monopolies and Oligopolies are both marketing situations that are present in today’s economic system. Many people are aware of what a monopoly is and the federal government has even taken steps to make monopolies in the United States illegal. However many are unaware of the many oligopolies operating in the US economic system today. Monopolies and Oligopolies are similar but not...
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Oligopoly An oligopoly is an intermediate market structure between the extremes of perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopoly firms might... compete (noncooperative oligopoly) or cooperate (cooperative oligopoly) in the marketplace. Whereas firms in an oligopoly are price makers, their control over the price is determined by the level of coordination among them. The distinguishing characteristic of an oligopoly is that there are a few mutually interdependent firms that produce either identical products...
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Unit 2.3.3 Pure Monopoly Unit 2.3.3 Monopoly Unit Overview 2.3.3 - Monopoly • Assumptions of the model •... Sources of monopoly power/barriers to entry • Natural monopoly • Demand curve facing the monopolist • Profit-maximizing level of output • Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly in comparison with perfect competition • Efficiency in monopoly • Price discrimination >>Definition >>Reasons for price discrimination >>Necessary conditions for the practice of price discrimination >>Possible...
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Fdi in Indian Retail Stores
Controversy over Indian retail reforms A horticultural produce retail market in Kolkata, India; produce loss in these retail formats is very... high for perishables Critics of the Indian retail reforms announcement are making one or more of the following points:,[50][51] Independent stores will close, leading to massive job losses. Walmart employs very few people in the United States. If allowed to expand in India as much as Walmart has expanded in the United States, few thousand jobs may be created...
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10/23/2012 CHAPTER 15 Monopoly In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: Why do monopolies arise? ... Why is MR < P for a monopolist? How do monopolies choose their P and Q? How do monopolies affect society’s well-being? What can the government do about monopolies? What is price discrimination? Economics PRINCIPLES OF N. Gregory Mankiw Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich © 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved 1 ...
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Google 在线额外收入 绝佳的机会 执手可得，立即开始 www.XForex.com Monopoly to Capitalism Oligopoly is the middle ground between monopoly and... capitalism. An oligopoly is a small group of businesses, two or more, that control the market for a certain product or service. This gives these businesses huge influence over price and other aspects of the market. Since it is the middle ground, oligopoly examples are abundant in our economic system today. Monopoly A monopoly is exclusive control of the market by one business...
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competition 2. Monopolistic Competition 3. Oligopoly 4. Monopoly What is the market Structure for Electricity industry in Sri Lanka?... One large player in the market dominates the electricity industry in Sri Lanka. After future analyzing the industry and its characteristics it is said to be best fitted as a monopoly. The segment below would justify why it belongs and holds its position as an monopoly. What is a Monopoly? “A Monopoly is a market structure in which there is only one producer/seller...
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edition and you are responsible for the material as it appears in the 9th Edition. Raymond Krech. The Ecological Indian. The Ecological... Indian Book Review: For this assignment you will be required to answer five questions (20 points each) and integrate concepts, theories and ideas from your textbook (chapters 1-4) that help explain the issues you encounter in this book. Provide examples from the book in support of each of your answers and do not use quotations at length (maximum 4 lines). Please...
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Monopoly Market Structure
A monopoly is a market structure where there is merely one manufacturer/supplier for a product. The lone business is the industry. Entrance... into such a market is controlled based on elevated costs or additional obstacles, which may be, political social or economic. In an oligopoly, there are simply a limited number of firms that create an industry. This top quality assemblage of firms has control over the price in addition to a, monopoly; an oligopoly also has extraordinary obstacles to admittance...
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What are the sources of Monopoly and wh
What are the sources of Monopoly? A monopoly is defined as a market structure where one firm supplies all output in the industry... without facing competition. Monopolies arise from barriers to entry, which make it difficult or even impossible for new firms to enter the market. These economic barriers include: - Control of natural resources that are critical to the production of a final product, including the uneven distribution of natural resources. For example, the fact that oil is concentrated...
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Guarani Indians & Jesuit Relations
Guaraní Indians and Jesuit Relations Beginning in 1609, the Jesuit Priests founded a widespread chain of missions, also known as... reducciones, in the borderlands of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Contrary to popular belief, as a result of the media from movies such as the Mission, these missions experienced an extremely tumultuous history. In fact, most Guaraní’s rejected Catholicism for decades and they did not willingly convert because they believed that Catholic principles greatly contradicted...
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Indian Suffrage
Indian Suffrage Before the English arrived in the New world and began creating colonies, the American Indians lived in harmony... and peace with natures. The American Indians were skilled hunters, farmers and used everything in their environment for survival or for essential necessities. They shared the land together and moved about freely in search of food. The American Indians never considered the lands their property because it's belong to God and no one have the right to buy, sell, nor own...
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Question 3 Perfect Competition and Monopoly (a) I. Explain perfect competition and monopoly market structures, and... identify the key factors that distinguish them. Perfect Competition Market In economic theory, the perfect competition is a market form in which no producer or consumer has the power to influence prices in the market. According to the website wordIQ.com, in order to classify the market is a perfect competition market, the market must match below criteria: 1. There...
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1. Describe three specific example of how Disney movie can unintentional create roles certain groups of people through socialization. Disney... creates gender roles, racial roles, and white supremacy through socialization within their motion pictures. For example, Walt Disney’s “Snow White”, “Fantasia”, and even “The Little Mermaid” all show females as obscenely beautiful, male dependent and flirtatious creatures who couldn’t save themselves from a Chinese finger trap. Males are the perfectly sculpted...
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Title page Major League Baseball (“MLB”) Monopoly Structure Andrew C. Brniak [email protected] Content... Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...page 1 Subtitle 1 ……………………………….………………….………………………… page 1 Subtitle 2 ……………………………….………………….………………………… page 1, 2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………....... page 3 References………………………………………………………………………....... page 3 Major League Baseball (“MLB”) Monopoly Structure Introduction Major League Baseball (“MLB”) is the only American...
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Monopoly In our life, electricity is very importance and this is one of necessary things we use in everyday. In Vietnam, there is big... corporation supply electricity for whole country which is EVN and the market of electricity in Vietnam is the monopoly. First of all, while perfect competitive market has many buyer and seller, monopoly is the market which has only one firm supplying the whole market. As the results, monopoly creates the unique product which dose not has close substitutes. Of...
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to maneuver in the business market and I would like to refresh your mind by offering a clear definition. A Monopoly is a situation in which an... entity, either an individual or an industry or organization, is the sole supplier of a particular good or service. As such, this supplier has no competition from other suppliers and is able to control the market value of the commodity. Some monopolies are government-enforced or controlled, while others form naturally or through company merger. According to...
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Which city was founded by Samuel De Champlain in 1608? | This Week in History: Samuel de Champlain founded the city of Quebec on July 3, 1608 – World Book INK
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Monument to Samuel De Champlain, founder of the Quebec City with the old Post Office tower in the back, Place D’Armes, Quebec City, Canada. Credit: © Shutterstock.
Today, Quebec City is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec and an important port and tourist center. The city proper has a population of more than 500,000, and its metropolitan area is home to more than 760,000 people. However, the city nicknamed the Cradle of New France was not always quite so prominent. It began as a small trading post along the St. Lawrence River.
In 1608, the French explorer Samuel de Champlain sailed from France to what is now eastern Canada with a group of about 25 to 30 companions to establish a fur-trading post. It was not Champlain’s first journey to the Americas. From 1599 to 1601, Champlain had visited Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Panama on a French trading ship. From 1603 to 1606, he explored the St. Lawrence River and the New England coast for France. Champlain helped establish the French settlement of Port-Royal in what is now Nova Scotia in 1605. (Port-Royal later was reestablished as the nearby community of Annapolis Royal.)
In 1608, Pierre du Gua, Sieur de Monts, sent Champlain back to New France, the French colonial empire in North America, to set up a trading post and further explore the region. Du Gua had been among the group that established Port-Royal. Du Gua never returned to New France after 1605, but he remained involved in the North American fur trade.
When Champlain returned to New France in 1608, he entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and sailed southwest along the St. Lawrence River until he reached the present-day site of Quebec City. Champlain recognized the site’s geographical advantages. It offered a natural harbor, a cliff from which to keep an eye on the surrounding area, and a river with tributaries that provided access inland. Today, the cliff is known as Cap Diamant (Cape Diamond), and the river is called the St. Charles. The area also was home to First Nations (American Indians) with whom the French settlers could trade. Champlain named the settlement Quebec, from an Algonquian word meaning the river narrows here.
Champlain and his companions soon built a wooden structure, called the Abitation or Habitation, which served as lodgings, a fort, and a trading post. Today, the Notre-Dame-des-Victoires Church stands where the Abitation once stood. Its altar resembles a fort. The first winter proved to be extremely cold, and only about one-third of Champlain’s group survived. Champlain became friendly with the Algonquin and Huron peoples living near Quebec. He believed that friendship between the French and First Nations peoples would prevent First Nations attacks on the settlement, improve trade, and make it easier to explore the surrounding country.
In time, Champlain’s settlement grew and prospered as a trading center. Louis Hébert, the first Canadian farmer, established a household at Quebec in 1617. In 1620, Champlain built Fort St. Louis where the Château Frontenac, a castlelike hotel, now stands.
In 1791, Quebec City became the capital of Lower Canada, a British colony that included what is now southern Quebec province. Quebec City also served as the capital of the Province of Canada, a larger British colony, twice during the 1800’s. When the Dominion of Canada was established in 1867, the area that had been Lower Canada became the province of Quebec. Quebec City, with a population of nearly 60,000, was chosen as the provincial capital.
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"""The drought had lasted now for ten million years, and the reign of the terrible lizards had long since ended"", is the first line of which 1968 novel and film?" | Samuel de Champlain News | Quotes | Wiki - UPI.com
Samuel de Champlain News
Today is July 1.
Wiki
Samuel de Champlain (French pronunciation: born Samuel Champlain; ca. 1567 – December 25, 1635), "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608.
Born into a family of master mariners, Champlain, while still a young man of 16, began exploring North America in 1603 under the guidance of François Gravé Du Pont. From 1604-1607, Champlain participated in the exploration and settlement of the first permanent European settlement north of Florida, Port Royal, Acadia (1605). Then, in 1608, he established the French settlement that is now Quebec City. Champlain was the first European to explore and describe the Great Lakes, and published maps of his journeys and accounts of what he learned from the natives and the French living among the Natives. He formed relationships with local Montagnais and Innu and later with others farther west (Ottawa River, Lake Nipissing, or Georgian Bay), with Algonquin and with Huron Wendat, and agreed to provide assistance in their wars against the Iroquois.
In 1620, Louis XIII ordered Champlain to cease exploration, return to Quebec, and devote himself to the administration of the country. In every way but formal title, Samuel de Champlain served as Governor of New France, a title that may have been formally unavailable to him owing to his non-noble status. He established trading companies that sent goods, primarily fur, to France, and oversaw the growth of New France in the St. Lawrence River valley until his death in 1635.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License .
It uses material from the Wikipedia article " Samuel de Champlain ."
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Who bowled the one millionth ball in test cricket in England at the Ashes match at Trent Bridge in 2015? | Ashes 2015 witnesses millionth ball in Test cricket in England - Cricket Country
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Ashes 2015 witnesses millionth ball in Test cricket in England
Stokes’ second ball was also the millionth ball in the history of Test cricket in England. It took them 498 Tests to reach the landmark.
By CricketCountry Staff
| Updated : August 10, 2015 3:11 PM IST
Chris Rogers and David Warner were forging a strong opening partnership against England in Ashes 2015 after Australia conceded a 331-run lead in the fourth Test at Trent Bridge. Rogers and Warner batted at a brisk pace, and on came Ben Stokes to send down the 16th over. The first ball was straight, Warner tried to flick it, and missed; it hit his pad. Warner played the next ball straight past the bowler for four, beating a charging mid-on. The score moved on to 75 without loss. Thanks to Rogers and Warner, Australia trailed by 256 at this stage with all ten wickets intact. ALSO READ: Live Cricket Score England vs Australia, The Ashes 2015, 4th Test, Day 2
Stokes’ second ball was also the millionth ball in the history of Test cricket in England. It took them 498 Tests to reach the landmark. Australia, as expected, come second on the list, followed by India and West Indies. South Africa’s early start has been ruined by the 22-year hiatus. Live Cricket Scores and updates of England vs Australia 4th Ashes 2015 Test at Trent Bridge, Day 2 here
Tests in different countries: A summary
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Which city, once the capital of Spain is now the regional capital of Castilla La Mancha? | Ashes 2015: Rampant England humiliate rival Australia - CNN.com
— Notts Police (@nottspolice) August 6, 2015
Leading 2-1 in the five-match series after an eight-wicket win last time out at Edgbaston, England blew its rival apart with a scintillating display of fast bowling.
This after Australia had arrived on English shores as firm favorite after thrashing England 5-0 in the 2014 series Down Under.
But after winning the second Test at Lord's to level the series at 1-1, Australia has fallen apart in embarrassing fashion.
Last week in Birmingham Australia was swept aside but this innings was one of the lowest moments for the country's Test side in recent memory.
The Sydney Morning Herald has a poll #Ashes #Broad : pic.twitter.com/dQDxJHWOPC
— Jonathan Hawkins (@jonathanhlondon) August 6, 2015
Not since 1936 had Australia managed a worse score than 60 in an Ashes Test match but on a pitch which left its batsmen bamboozled, at times the Aussies looked more like a village team than a side filled with international stars.
The last time Australia suffered such a disastrous innings was in 2011 where it was bowled out for a paltry 47 by South Africa in Cape Town.
After winning the toss, Alastair Cook elected to bowl first and his side didn't disappoint, ripping into the Australians straight away.
Broad, the pick of the England bowlers, dismissed Chris Rogers and Steven Smith in the first over before David Warner was caught behind off a delivery from Mark Wood.
Shaun Marsh was dismissed for nought by Broad before the same bowler took Adam Voges' wicket courtesy of a spectacular one-handed diving catch by Ben Stokes.
Australia are all out for 60 in 18.3 overs after an outrageously good morning for England in the Investec #ashes pic.twitter.com/Mo3aRHkyCC
— England Cricket (@englandcricket) August 6, 2015
Michael Clarke, the under-fire Australian captain, was the sixth man to be out, edging the ball to Alastair Cook at slip as Broad continued to run riot.
At 29-6, England were in total control and Peter Nevill was soon on his way back to the pavilion after losing his off stump to Steven Finn.
Mitchell Starc managed just one before he was sent packing by Broad and he was soon followed by Mitchell Johnson, who top scored with 13.
Nathan Lyon was the final man to go, caught by Stokes off Broad to leave Australia all-out for 60.
Broad's 8-15 takes him to 307 Test wickets and ranks him fifth in the country's all-time list of leading wicket takers.
04W24W0W04100000W40000110W020000401000W000000000101000011W0011200010040040000W1W30000000000000400000000000001004W: Aus innings in one tweet.
— Ramesh Srivats (@rameshsrivats) August 6, 2015
Broad's figures are also the best figures in a Test match for England since 1994 when Devon Malcom claimed 9-57 against South Africa.
While Australia imploded on the Trent Bridge pitch, England overcame the loss of four wickets to finish the day with a commanding lead.
Jonny Bairstow's 74 and Root's heroic hundred allowed the two men to create a partnership worth 173 runs after the loss of early wickets.
Adam Lyth, who has struggled for form throughout the series -- the first of Starc's three victims -- fell for 14 as England lost its opening wicket for 32.
Ian Bell made just one before being adjudged LBW to Starc, while Cook suffered a similar fate for 43.
By my reckoning England's 214 ranks No.3 for biggest day-one leads in Test history. #ashes pic.twitter.com/Rh21FWA5pr
— Jesse Hogan (@Jesse_Hogan) August 6, 2015
From there on it was all about Root, who played beautifully for his eighth Test match hundred .
It's the first time a player has scored a century on the first day of an Ashes Test batting in the second innings of a match.
At just 24, Root's econd century of the series put England in pole position.
Australia did manage to grab another wicket late in the day -- Bairstow holing out to Rogers off the bowling of Josh Hazlewood for 74 -- before Mark Wood, the night-watchman, entered the action to provide protection for Root and close out the day for England with minimal fuss.
The home side will return Friday for the second day with the Ashes very much within its grasp -- for the proud sporting nation of Australia, the humiliation continues.
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Which tree has the Latin word Taxus? | Taxus Baccata (Common Yew / English Yew)
Taxus Baccata
(Common Yew / English Yew)
Taxus baccata is a medium sized, evergreen conifer, native to Britain, much of Europe and parts of Asia and Africa. It is tolerant of a wide range of growing conditions including shade and chalk but not waterlogged or poor draining soil. It is widely used in landscaping as its relatively slow growth and tolerance of pruning make it an ideal plant for hedging and topiary.
Bright red, berry like fruits ripen in the autumn and are attractive to birds during the winter. Most parts of the plant are toxic, particularly if foliage is eaten by animals. Fatal poisoning is uncommon in humans though unless excess volumes of foliage are consumed!
Taxus baccata is the longest living plant in Europe with estimated ages between 2000 and 4000 years. However, no one can determine the exact ages as the trunk hollows with age, making a ring count impossible. This does not make the plant unstable though as once it reaches a certain size, new shoots appear at the base and grow, fusing into the main truck and acting like buttresses.
Common Name: Common, English or European Yew
Family: Taxaceae
Demands: Tolerant of most conditions and soil types as long as well drained
Foliage: Needles are lanceolate, flat and dark green
Bark: Reddish-brown, flaking in small pieces
Fruit: Seeds are surrounded by a red, berry-like fruit.
Taxus baccata info sheet
FACT: Most commonly, people associate Yews with churchyards. Ancient Britons planted them near temples and when Christianity came to Britain, the tradition continued. Some churches were built by existing plants. Around 500 churchyards in England have a yew tree which is older than the church itself, they are meant to be a symbol of everlasting life and resurrection.
Yew has a long history in England as the wood of choice for bow making. The heartwood is on the inside of the bow as it resists compression. The sapwood is on the outside as it resists stretching. Once all the British supplies had been exhausted, the wood was imported from Europe. Once the European supplies were exhausted, longbows were replace with firearms!
Taxus baccata clipped cones
| Yew |
What was the name of the concealed tracks through Eastern Laos that was used as a supply route during the Vietnam War? | Taxus baccata (common yew) | Plants & Fungi At Kew
Discover plants and fungi
Taxus baccata (common yew)
A densely branching evergreen that can live for centuries, the common yew is often found in British churchyards.
Taxus baccata on a ruined wall at Waverley Abbey, Surrey.
Species information
Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN Red List criteria.
Habitat:
Oak and beech woodland, often on chalk or limestone substrates.
Key Uses:
Ornamental, timber, wood for bow-making, medicinal.
Known hazards:
The seeds, leaves and bark are highly poisonous and can cause fatal poisoning of humans and livestock.
Taxonomy
Genus: Taxus
About this species
Taxus baccata, although native to Britain and sometimes referred to as the English yew, is also found across much of Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The generic name Taxus is reflected in the name of the poisonous taxanes found in the tree. Some botanists did not consider yew to be a true conifer, since it does not bear its seeds in a cone. However, proper consideration of its evolutionary relationships now places the yew family (Taxaceae) firmly within the conifers.
Medicinal Uses
Yew trees contain the highly poisonous taxane alkaloids that have been developed as anti-cancer drugs. Eating just a few leaves can make a small child severely ill and fatalities have occurred. All parts of the tree are poisonous, with the exception of the bright red arils. The arils are harmless, fleshy, cup-like structures, partially enveloping the seeds, which are eaten by birds (which disperse the seeds); however, the black seeds inside them should not be eaten as they contain poisonous alkaloids.
Discover more
Geography and distribution
The common yew is found across much of Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It grows throughout the British Isles (although it is less abundant in Ireland, and absent from the far north of Scotland), especially on calcareous soils.
Ancient yew woods, formed of almost pure stands of yew, are a typical feature of chalk soils in southern England (for example along the North Downs and in the Chiltern Hills).
Taxus baccata ripe seeds enclosed by a bright red aril.
Description
Taxus baccata is a densely branching, evergreen tree with a massive trunk, reaching up to 20 m tall. The leaves are dark green, linear and up to 3 cm long, with a pointed tip, and appear to spread in two rows on either side of the shoot.
Unlike many other conifers, the common yew does not actually bear its seeds in a cone. Instead, each seed grows alone at the tip of a dwarf shoot, enclosed in a fleshy, usually red, aril which is open at the tip and up to 1 cm in length.
How old is a yew tree?
Taxus baccata in Kentchurch Court deer park, Herefordshire
While it is generally agreed that the yew lives for a long time, the actual age of individual trees is often impossible to judge.
The traditional method of counting the rings in the trunk of a tree is often not an option, because many older specimens develop hollow trunks. This is caused by a fungus that turns the inside of the tree into a pulpy, soil-like mass of rotten wood (which seems to have no ill-effect on the health of the tree as a whole).
However, as yew trunks have been known to reach huge girths of as much as 4 m (13 ft), even the most conservative estimates of around 2,000 years of age, place them as the longest-living trees in Europe.
Taxus baccata foliage and pollen cones
In 2000, Kew scientists in the Jodrell Laboratory at Kew used their skills in plant anatomy and chemistry to solve the death of two horses.
Tim Lawrence was able to detect fragments of yew leaves in the stomach contents of the horses while Dr Geoffrey Kite developed a method to detect the toxic yew-derived taxane alkaloids in the stomach contents using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (an analytical chemistry technique using physical separation and mass analysis).
Dr Kite has since used his liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to investigate other horse deaths, suspected as being caused by yew.
Millennium Seed Bank: Seed storage
Kew's Millennium Seed Bank Partnership aims to save plant life world wide, focusing on plants under threat and those of most use in the future. Seeds are dried, packaged and stored at a sub-zero temperature in our seed bank vault.
Description of seeds: Average 1,000 seed weight = 60.3 g. Seeds are dispersed by birds.
Number of seed collections stored in the Millennium Seed Bank: One.
Seed storage behaviour: Orthodox (the seeds of this plant survive drying without significant reduction in their viability, and are therefore amenable to long-term frozen storage such as at the MSB)
Germination testing: 84% germination achieved with pre-sowing treatments (imbibed on 1% agar for 20 weeks at 5°C, then imbibed on 1% agar for 20 weeks at 20°C, then 1% agar at 5°C for 21 weeks) and then on a germination medium of 1% agar, at a temperature of 20°C, on a cycle of 8 hours light/16 hours darkness.
This species at Kew
The parterre in front of Kew Palace is surrounded on all sides by a hedge of common yew. Yew trees can also be seen in the woodland of the Conservation Area close to Queen Charlotte’s Cottage.
There are some spectacular examples of yew trees growing with their roots climbing down over sandstone rocks at Wakehurst.
Kew at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2011
In 2011, Kew partnered with The Times to produce a show garden to showcase the significance of plants to science and society.
The garden, designed by Chelsea gold medallist Marcus Barnett, featured species chosen to demonstrate both beauty and utility, including medicinal, commercial, and industrial uses to underline the fact that plants are invaluable to our everyday lives – without them, none of us could live on this planet; they produce our food, clothing and the air that we breathe.
Taxus baccata was one of the species that featured in the garden, which was awarded a Silver Medal.
References and credits
Bevan-Jones, R. (2007). The ancient yew, a history of Taxus baccata. Windgather Press, Bollington, Cheshire.
Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Taxus baccata. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. < www.iucnredlist.org> . Downloaded on 02 November 2010.
Cooper, M.R. & Johnson, A.W. (1998). Poisonous Plants and Fungi in Britain: Animal and Human Poisoning. The Stationery Office, London.
Farjon, A. (2010). A Handbook of the World’s Conifers. E.J. Brill, Leiden & Boston.
Huxley, A., Griffiths, M. & Levy, M. (eds) (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. Vol. 4 (R to Z): 437-438. Macmillan Press, London.
Kite G.C., Lawrence T.J. & Dauncey E.A. (2000) Detecting Taxus poisoning in horses using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 42(3):151-154.
Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. & Dines, T.A. (eds) (2002). New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora: An atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Wageneder, F. (2007). Yew, a history. Sutton Publishing Ltd., Stroud.
Kew Science Editor: Aljos Farjon
Kew contributors: Sustainable Uses Group
Copyediting: Emma Tredwell
While every effort has been taken to ensure that the information contained in these pages is reliable and complete, the notes on hazards, edibility and suchlike included here are recorded information and do not constitute recommendations. No responsibility will be taken for readers’ own actions.
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Who was wearing the Armour of Achilles when he was killed by Hector at the Siege of Troy? | Achilles
Achilles
by James Hunter
Achilles was the son of the mortal Peleus and the Nereid Thetis . He was the mightiest of the Greeks who fought in the Trojan War, and was the hero of Homer's Iliad.
Thetis attempted unsuccessfully to make her son immortal. There are two versions of the story. In the earlier version, Thetis anointed the infant with ambrosia and then placed him upon a fire to burn away his mortal portions; she was interrupted by Peleus, whereupon she abandoned both father and son in a rage. Peleus placed the child in the care of the Centaur Chiron , who raised and educated the boy. In the later version, she held the young Achilles by the heel and dipped him in the river Styx ; everything the sacred waters touched became invulnerable, but the heel remained dry and therefore unprotected.
When Achilles was a boy, the seer Calchas prophesied that the city of Troy could not be taken without his help. Thetis knew that, if her son went to Troy, he would die an early death, so she sent him to the court of Lycomedes , in Scyros; there he was hidden, disguised as a young girl. During his stay he had an affair with Lycomedes' daughter, Deidameia, and she had a son, Pyrrhus (or Neoptolemus ), by him. Achilles' disguise was finally penetrated by Odysseus , who placed arms and armor amidst a display of women's finery and seized upon Achilles when he was the only "maiden" to be fascinated by the swords and shields. Achilles then went willingly with Odysseus to Troy, leading a host of his father's Myrmidons and accompanied by his tutor Phoenix and his close friend Patroclus. At Troy, Achilles distinguished himself as an undefeatable warrior. Among his other exploits, he captured twenty-three towns in Trojan territory, including the town of Lyrnessos, where he took the woman Briseis as a war-prize. Later on Agamemnon , the leader of the Greeks, was forced by an oracle of Apollo to give up his own war-prize, the woman Chryseis , and took Briseis away from Achilles as compensation for his loss. This action sparked the central plot of the Iliad, for Achilles became enraged and refused to fight for the Greeks any further. The war went badly, and the Greeks offered handsome reparations to their greatest warrior; Achilles still refused to fight in person, but he agreed to allow his friend Patroclus to fight in his place, wearing his armor. The next day Patroclus was killed and stripped of the armor by the Trojan hero Hector , who mistook him for Achilles.
Achilles was overwhelmed with grief for his friend and rage at Hector. His mother obtained magnificent new armor for him from Hephaestus , and he returned to the fighting and killed Hector. He desecrated the body, dragging it behind his chariot before the walls of Troy, and refused to allow it to receive funeral rites. When Priam , the king of Troy and Hector's father, came secretly into the Greek camp to plead for the body, Achilles finally relented; in one of the most moving scenes of the Iliad, he received Priam graciously and allowed him to take the body away.
After the death of Hector, Achilles' days were numbered. He continued fighting heroically, killing many of the Trojans and their allies, including Memnon and the Amazon warrior Penthesilia. Finally Priam's son Paris (or Alexander), aided by Apollo, wounded Achilles in the heel with an arrow; Achilles died of the wound. After his death, it was decided to award Achilles' divinely-wrought armor to the bravest of the Greeks. Odysseus and Ajax competed for the prize, with each man making a speech explaining why he deserved the honor; Odysseus won, and Ajax then went mad and committed suicide.
During his lifetime, Achilles is also said to have had a number of romantic episodes. He reportedly fell in love with Penthesilia, the Amazon maiden whom he killed in battle, and it is claimed that he married Medea .
Article details:
| Patroclus |
In which town or city is the East Anglian Daily Times published? | National Academic Quiz Tournaments, LLC
You Gotta Know These Trojan War Heroes
Greeks
Agamemnon The king of Mycenae, Agamemnon shares supreme command of the Greek troops with his brother, Menelaus. An epithet of his, "king of heroes," reflects this status. As a commander, however, he often lacks good public relations skills, as shown by his feud with Achilles (book 1) and by his ill-considered strategy of suggesting that all the troops go home (book 2). Upon his return home, Agamemnon is murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus.
Menelaus The king of Sparta, Menelaus is the husband of Helen, the cause celebre of the war. He tries to win Helen back by fighting Paris in single combat but Aphrodite carried Paris off when it seems that Menelaus will win. Despite his notionally equal say in commanding the troops with his brother Agamemnon, in practice Agamemnon often dominates.
Achilles This "swift-footed" warrior is the greatest on the Greek side. His father is Peleus, a great warrior in his own right, and his mother is Thetis, a sea nymph. The consequences of Achilles' rage at Agamemnon for confiscating his geras (prize of honor) are the subject of the Iliad. Achilles kills Hector, but is killed by a poisoned arrow in the heel, the only vulnerable place on his body.
Patroclus Achilles' foster brother and closest friend. Although Patroclus is a formidable hero, he is valued for his kind and gentle nature. Patroclus is killed by Hector while wearing the armor of Achilles.
Ajax This prince of Salamis is the son of Telamon. He once fights all afternoon in single combat with Hector; since neither one can decisively wound the other, they part as friends. Ajax's most glorious achievement is fighting the Trojans back from the ships almost singlehandedly. He commits suicide after the armor of Achilles is awarded to Odysseus rather than to himself.
Diomedes In his day of glory, Diomedes kills Pandarus and wounds Aeneas before taking on the gods. He stabs Aphrodite in the wrist and, with Athena as his charioteer, wounds Ares in the stomach. Along with Odysseus, he also conducts a successful night raid against King Rhesus.
Odysseus This son of Laertes is known for his cleverness and glib tongue. His accomplishments include a successful night raid against King Rhesus, winning the armor of Achilles, and engineering the famous Trojan Horse. His ten-year trip home to Ithaca (where his wife, Penelope, awaits) is the subject of the Odyssey.
Nestor, king of Pylos, is too old to participate in the fighting of the Trojan War, but serves as an advisor. He tells tales of "the good old days" to the other heroes.
Trojans
Hector The son of Priam and Hecuba, he is probably the noblest character on either side. A favorite of Apollo, this captain of the Trojan forces exchanges gifts with Ajax after neither can conquer the other in single combat. He kills Patroclus when that Greek goes into battle wearing the armor of his friend, Achilles. Killed by Achilles to avenge the death of Patroclus, he is greatly mourned by all of Troy. Funeral games take place in his honor.
Paris (sometimes called Alexander) Also the son of Priam and Hecuba, he is destined to be the ruin of his country. He fulfills this destiny by accepting a bribe when asked to judge which of three goddesses is the fairest. When he awards Aphrodite the golden apple, Aphrodite repays him by granting him the most beautiful woman in the world; unfortunately, Helen is already married to Menelaus. Known less for hand-to-hand fighting than for mastery of his bow, he kills Achilles with an arrow but dies by the poisoned arrows of Philoctetes.
Priam The king of Troy and son of Laomedon, he has 50 sons and 12 daughters with his wife Hecuba (presumably she does not bear them all), plus at least 42 more children with various concubines. Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles, kills him in front of his wife and daughters during the siege of Troy.
Hecuba (or Hecabe) The wife of Priam, she suffers the loss of most of her children but survives the fall of Troy. She is later turned into a dog.
Andromache The wife of Hector and mother of Astyanax, she futilely warns Hector about the war, then sees both her husband and son killed by the Greeks. After the war she is made concubine to Neoptolemus and later marries the Trojan prophet Helenus.
Cassandra This daughter of Priam and Hecuba has an affair with the god Apollo, who grants her the gift of prophecy. Unable to revoke the gift after they quarrel, Apollo curses her by preventing anyone from believing her predictions. Among her warnings is that the Trojan horse contains Greeks. After Troy falls she is given to Agamemnon, who tactlessly brings her home to his wife Clytemnestra. Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus then kill Agamemnon and Cassandra, leaving Agamemnon's son Orestes (egged on by sister Electra) to avenge the deaths and kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.
Laocoon Yet another son of Priam and Hecuba, this priest of Apollo shares Cassandra's doubt about the merits of bringing the Trojan horse into the city. "Timeo danaos et dona ferentes," he says (according to Vergil), "I fear the Greeks, even bearing gifts." Later, while sacrificing a bull, two serpents from the sea crush both him and his two young sons. The death of Laocoon is often blamed on Athena (into whose temple the serpent disappeared) but more likely the act of Poseidon, a fierce Greek partisan.
Aeneas This son of Aphrodite and Anchises often takes a beating but always gets up to rejoin the battle. Knocked unconscious by a large rock thrown by Diomedes, he is evacuated by Aphrodite and Apollo. He succeeds the late Hector as Trojan troop commander and survives the fall of Troy, ultimately settling in Italy. His son Iulus founds Alba Longa, near the site of Rome. That bloodline is the basis of Julius Caesar's claim to have descended from Venus.
This article was synthesized from contributions by Christina Skelton and Candace Benefiel.
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How many UN Secretaries Generals have there been? | List of Secretary-Generals of United Nations (Great Empires) | Alternative History | Fandom powered by Wikia
List of Secretary-Generals of United Nations (Great Empires)
41,204pages on
Secretary-General of the United Nations
Emblem of the United Nations
Incumbent
Sutton Place, Manhattan, New York City, United States
Term length
United Nations Charter, 26 June 1945
Salary
Website
www.un.org/sg
The Secretary-General of the United Nations , abbreviated UNSYG, is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General also acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the United Nations. The current Secretary-General is Sophie Sangreal of France, who took office on 21 June 2011.
List of Secretary-Generals
Secretary-Generals of the United Nations
Number
1 February 1946 – 10 November 1952
Denmark
10 April 1953 – 18 September 1961
Denmark
Died in a plane crash in the Kitara Empire
3
30 November 1961 – 31 December 1971
Kampuchea (present Burma)
Declined to consider a third term
4
1 January 1972 – 31 December 1981
Holy Roman Empire
China vetoed his third term
5
1 January 1982 – 31 December 1991
Inca Empire
Refused to be considered for a third term
6
1 January 1992 – 31 December 1996
Kenopia
The United States vetoed his second term
7
1 January 1997 – 31 December 2006
Songhai Empire
Retired after two full terms
8
1 January 2007 - 20 June 2011
Korea
| eight |
"Which assassin was the most famous member of the revolutionary group ""Young Bosnia""?" | Female Representatives to United Nations
Director in the Foreign Ministry 1968-82 followed by various diplomatic postings. (1939-).
1982-88 Francesca Pometta, Switzerland (Observer)
Later Ambassador to Italy etc. From around 1997 Chairperson of the Holocaust Victims' Foundation.
1986-88 Nora Astorga Gadia, Nicaragua
A leading commander in the civil war she was Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs 1984-86. Also ambassador to USA 1986-88, but her credentials was never accepted. Died of cancer, lived (1944-88)
1986-90 Dame Nita Barrow, Barbados
Head of national and international nurse-organizations before becoming Ambassador to the UN, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Governor-General of Barbados 1990-95 and lived (1916-95).
1986-96 Margaret E. McDonald, Bahamas
1980-86 Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Civil Service of Bahamas. Also Ambassador to USA
1986-91(Acting) Robin Mauala, Samoa
She was First Secretary 1978-1985 and Charge d'Affaires 1986-1991 of the Permanent Representation, and later worked with the UN with the UNOMSA mission to South Africa helping with the first democratic elections there (1992-94). (d. 1999).
1988-92 Dr. Marjorie R. Thorpe, Trinidad and Tobago
Deputy Director of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 1992-995. Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean and Coordinator of the United Nations System Operational Activities for the same area 1995-1999 and member of a number of commissoins and panels. In 2001 she was the nominee of the United National Congress for the post of Speaker of the Parliament, but a man was elected.
1989-91 Ursula H. Barrow, Belize
1993-98 Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the Vatican and the European Union. 1994 she married Viscount Waverly of West Dean, and had her only child, Hon. Forbes Anderson, two years later. (b. 1955-).
1989-90 Dame Margaret Hercus, New Zealand
1984-87 Minister of Social- and Women's Affairs. 1998-99 UN Representative to Cyprus, since 1999 Personal Representative of the UN Secretary General. (b. 1944-)
1989-96 Chan Heng Chee, Singapore
Concurrently Ambassador to Canada and Mexico and appointed Ambassador to USA in 1996.
1990-2002 Claudia Fritsche, Liectenstein
1980-87 a number of diplomatic postings and secretary to the Parliamentary Delegation to the Council of Europe and EFTA. 1987-89 1st. Secretary in Germany, 1989-90 1st. Secretary in Austria. Ambassador to USA since 2000. She is both the first UN Ambassador since Liechtenstein joined the UN and the country's first female ambassador. (b. 1952-)
1992-98 Annette des Iles, Trinidad and Tobago
1980-85, 1985 Ambassador to Ecuador Resident in Venezuela, 1985-86 and 1986-89 Permanent Secretary of External Affairs and -Trade and 1989-92 of Youth, Sports and Culture. Concurrently with her posting to the UN she was also Ambassador to Venezuela, Colombia and Peru. 1994-97 Chairperson of the The Alliance of Small Island States. Appointed Permanent Secretary of the Prime Minister and Head of the Public Service in 2000.
1992-95 Louise Frechette, Canada
Ambassador to Argentina and Uruguay 1985-92, Deputy Minister of Defence, 1995-98, First Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations 1998-2006. (b. 1946-)
1992-95 Dr. Lucille Mathurin Mair, Jamaica
1975-78 Ambassador to Cuba (As the first Woman), circa 1976-81 Ambassador to USA and Canada, 1981-86 Assistant Secretary General of the UN Decade for Women,1989-92 Minister of State of External Affairs (Senator). She lived (1924-2009).
1992-99 Akmaral Kh. Arystanbekova, Kazakstan
1987-89 Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and 1989-91 Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Republic of Kazakstan,, 1992-99 also Ambassador to Cuba, 1994-95 Vice-President of the 49th Session of the UN General Assembly. Ambassador to France from 1999. (b. 1948-)
1992-95 Narcisa L. Escaler, Philippines
Career diplomat with a number of postings in various countries, Ambassador to UN in G�neve 1989-92 and Deputy Director of the International Organization for Migration Circa 1997-2000.
1993-97 Madeleine Korbel Albright, United States of America
Secretary of State 1997-2001. See Female Foreign Ministers for more details. (b. 1937-).
1993 (Acting) Janet Jagan, Guyana
Active in politics since the 1950s, in 1993 she was Ambassador-at-Large and Acting Permanent Representative to the UN. Her career culminated when she became Prime Minister in 1997 and was President 1997-99. See Presidents She lived (1919-2009)
Around 1993 Jean George, Trinidad and Tobago
Public servant and probably Deputy Permanent Representative.
1994-95 Dr. Lala-Shovket Gadjieva, Azerbaijan
1993-94 State Secretary in President's Office, she was appointed UN-ambassador but newer took up the position. Since circa 1998 chairperson of the Liberal Party (b. 1951-).
Circa 1994-99 (Acting) Dr. Sonia Leonce-Carryl, St. Lucia
Since 1999 Deputy Permanent Representative and Minister-Councillor, in 2004 she was Deputy Chief of Staff of the President of the UN General Assembly (The Minister of External Affairs of St. Lucia)
1995-2002 Migonette Patricia Durrant, Jamaica
Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations 1983-87, Ambassador to Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the Holy See 1987-92 and Director-General of Jamaica's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade 1992-95. Member of the Security Council 2000-2001 and is President in November 2001 .
1995- Dr. Aksoltan Toreevna Ataeva, Turkmenistan
1985-88 Deputy Minister of Health, 1990-94 Minister of Health and 1994-95 Minister of Social Affairs. Appointed Ambassador to Cuba in 2008, to Brazil in 2011 and Venezuela in 2013.
1996-99 Zamira Eshmambetova, Kyrgyzstan
Afterwards United Nations Municipal Administrator in Kosovo
1997-2001 Dr. Penople Anne Wensley, Australia
Penny Wensley was Ambassador for the Environment 1992-95, Permanent Representative to UN in G�n�ve and Ambassador of Disarmament 1993-95, Ambassador to India 2001-04, to Bhutan 2003-04, to France 2004-08 and Governor of Queensland from 2008. (b. 1946-).
1998-2000 Cristina Aguíar, Dominican Republic
Also a permanent delegate to the Sixth Committee (ECOSOC) on the status of women and also in the deliberations of the Third Committee (Social affairs and Human rights). She is also a law professor and lecturer throughout North America and Europe.
1998-2005 Marjatta Rasi, Finland
1987-91 Deputy Permanent Representative (Ambassador) to UN, Ambassador to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka 1991-94, Head of Finland's Development Agency 1994-98. President of the UN Economic and Social Council in 2004. (b. 1945-)
1998 Olga Kelt�ová, Slovakia
1990-1991 Vice-President of the Slovak National Council, 1992-94 and 1994-98 Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, from 1994 Vice-Chairperson of HZDS. She was in office as UN Representative from March to November (b. 1943-).
1999-2004 June Yvonne Clarke, Barbados
Ambassador to Canada 1996-99. 2002-03 she was Vice-President of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
1999-2003 Madina B. Jarbussynova, Kazakstan
MP 1991-95 and a Diplomat afterwards. 1998-99 Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. Concurrently with her posting to the UN she is also Ambassador to Cuba. 2003 Vice-Chairperson of the General Assembly and Acting Chairperson 17.2-12.3 during the absence of the Chairman. Her surname is also spelled Jarbusynova. (b. 1954-)
1999-2001 Elmira S. Ibraimova, Kyrgyzstan
Leader of the parliamentary faction of Ak Zhol in 2007, Deputy Foreign Minister 2007-08 and Deputy Prime Minister 2008-09 and Coordinator of the Social Sector, Public Rlations and Media of the Provisorial Government from 2010. (b. 1962-).
1999-2000 Mahawa Bangoura Camara, Guinea
In 1995 Ambassador to USA and Foreign Minister 2000-02. See Female Foreign Ministers
1999-2001 Neh Rita Sangai Dukuly-Tolbert, Liberia
1977-81 Ambassador to France and UNESCO, 1978 also to Switzerland, Luxembourg and Spain. Worked for UNESCO and UNICEF 1981-96. Widow of former minister of Finance Stephen A. Tolbert. Ambassador to China from 2004
2000-05 Merle Pajula, Estonia
1993-95 2nd and 3rd Secretary for Press and Information in the Foreign Minister, 1995-98 2. Secretary at the Embassy to Finland and 1998-2000 Director General in the Foreign Ministry for Press and Information. (b. 1960-)
2001-07 Ellen Margrethe L�j, Denmark
Ambassador to Israel 1989-92, viceudenrigsr�d and leader in the Foreign Ministry 1992-96, State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1996-2001 (Her title was Udenrigsr�d og Chef for Sydgruppen (Foreign Affairs Councillor and Head of the South Group) and she was Leader of the Department of Development Aid within the Foreign Ministry). 2004-07 Member of the Security Council and May 2005 and June 2006 it's chairperson. Ambassador to the Czech Republic 2007-08 and Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General in Liberia as Chief of UNMI, the peace-keeping mission with 15.000 soldiers and policemen 2008-12. (b. 1948-).
2001-07 Margaret Hughes Ferrari, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Prior to her current appointment, Ms. Ferrari had been a full partner in the law firm of Hughes and Cummings since 1990. From 1967 to 1990, she was Secretary and Legal Executive at the same firm, and has held other public functions. Mother of three children. (b. 1948-).
2001-03 Luz�ria Dos Santos Jal�, Guinea Bissau
1986-1995, she worked in several offices of her country's Ministry of Finance, including the Bureau of Studies, the Department of External Debt, the Department of Budget and Investment, the Revenue Department, and the General Inspection of Finance, 1999-2000 President of the Institute of Women and Children.
2002-03 Irma E. Klein-Loemban Tobing, Suriname
Began her career in 1958 with Suriname�s Ministry of Justice and eventually became Chief of the Legal Department. 1982-88 Chief of the Department of Juridical Affairs and Treaties of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1988 Counselor at the Embassy of Suriname in the Netherlands, since 1994 she worked at the Permanent Mission of Suriname to the United Nations recently as Ambassador-at-large at the Permanent Mission. She has also been Member of Parliament and, since 1993, she has been a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Mother of two sons.
2003-06 Prof. Dr. Judith Mbula Bahemuka, Kenya
Chairperson of the Social and Human Sciences National Committee at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) National Commission. 1994-98, professor and Chairperson of the University�s Department of Sociology, and from 1998 Director of the University of Nairobi�s International Learning Centre. (b. 1942-).
2003-13 Dr. Paulette A. Bethel, Bahamas
1983-94 Deputy Chief of Mission, first at the Permanent Mission of the Bahamas to the United Nations in New York, and then at the Bahamian Embassy and Permanent Mission to the OAS in Washington, D.C. and later worked in a number of insurance companies.
2004-07 Laxanachantorn Laohaphan, Thailand
Deputy Permanent Representative 1999-2009.
2010- Mary Elizabeth Flores Flake, Honduras
Lizzy Flores was Congress Member for the Partido Liberal de Honduras and 2006-09 1. Vice-President of the Congreso Nacional . Took over as Acting President when the former President became Interim Head of State after the elected President was outed by a coup d'etat. Ambassador to the United Nations from 2010. Her father, Carlos Roberto Flores was President 1998-2002. (b. 1973-).
2010-16 Sofia Borges, Timor Leste
Former Councillor and Deputy UN Representative 2005-10. (b. 1970-)
2010 M�rta Horv�th Fekszi, Hungary
A long time diplomat, she was State Secretary of Foreign Affairs 2005-06, Senior State Secretary 2006-09 and Chief of Cabinet in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2009. (b. 1954-).
2011-16 Edita Hrd�, The Czech Republic
Working in the diplomatc service since 1992
in several positions. Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Argentina and Paraguay in 1999-2003. (b. 1963-)
2011- Lyutha Al-Mughairy, Oman
Lyutha Sultan al-Mughairy previously worked at the UN before becoming Ambassador at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, heading the department of the Secretary General in 2008. Sister of Hunaina Bin Sultan Bin Ahmed Al-Mughairy , Ambassador to USA from 2005, whose husband was previously UN Ambassador.
2011- Jane Jimmy Chigiyal, Federated States of Micronesia
The country�s first female Ambassador and former Deputy Secretary for the Department of Foreign Affairs (b. 1967-)
2012- Mwaba Kasese-Bota, Zambia
HIV Orphans and Vulnerable Children and Youth Adviser at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 2008-2011 and before that she worked for the Zambian Ministry of Health. (b. 1969-)
2012-16 Mar�a Cristina Perceval, Argentina
Senator 2001-09, Under-Secretary for Institutional Reform and Strengthening of Democracy in the Argentine Presidency 2009-10 and Under-Secretary for Human Rights at the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights 2010-12. Member of the Security Council in 2014.
2012- Raimonda Murmokaitė, Lithuania
Worked in the Foreign Ministry from 1994, Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations 2004-08, Ambassador-at-large 2008-09, Director of the United Nations, International Organizations and Human Rights Department 2009-12. Member of the Security Council in 2014. (1959-)
2012-15 and 2016- Amatlain Elizabeth Kabua, Marshall Islands
Mayor of the Majuro Atoll Local Government 1986-1997, Ambassador to Japan 1997-2003 and to Fiji 2009-12. (b. 1953-)
2012- Lois Michele Young, Belize
Former Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Social Security and held other positions before that. (b. 1951-)
2012- Marie-Louise Potter, Seychelles
MP from 1993 and Leader of Government Business in Parliament 2007-12 and concurrently Ambassador to the United States from 2012. (b. 1959-)
2012- Menissa Rambally, Saint Lucia
MP 1997-2006, Parliamentary Secretary of State of Civil Aviation and Financial Service and Tourism 1997-2000, Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism 2000-01 and Minister of Social Transformation, Culture and Local Government 2001-06. (b. 1976-)
2013 (Acting) Rosemary A. DiCarlo, United States of America
Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative since 2010. She is former Alternate Representative for Special Political Affairs to the United Nations, and as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs and Director for United Nations Affairs at the National Security Council.
2013- Samantha Power, United States of America
Also Member of the US Cabinet. Senior White House Director for Multilateral Affairs 2009-13. (b. 1970)
2013- Inga Rhonda King, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Appointed Honorary Consul for Portugal in 2010 and Chair of Invest SVG, the investment promotion agency of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2011-13.
2013- Karen Tan, Singapore
Deputy Permanent Representative at the United Nations in New York 1997-99, Ambassador to Laos 2004-07, Ambassador to WTO 2004-07 and to India, Bhutan and Nepal 2011-13. (b. 1964-).
2013-16 B�n�dicte Frankinet, Belgium
Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia 1999-2003, Director United Nations 2003-2008 and Ambassador to Israel 2008-2012. (b. 1951-).
2013- Makurita Baaro, Kiribati
Worked in the Foreign Ministry from 1982, Director of the Political and International Affairs Division within the Secretariat of the Pacific Islands Forum in Fiji 1996-2002, Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs and International Trade in 2002 and Relations Manager in the Australian-funded Kiribati Education Improvement Programme supporting the Ministry of Education 2011-15. (b. 1957-)
2013- Lana Zaki Nusseibeh, United Arab Emirates
Prior to her appointment she served in a number of capacities within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs among others as Joint Special Envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan.
2014-16 Dina Kawar, Jordan
Ambassador to France 2001-13. Member of the Security Council 2014-15 and appointed Ambassador to USA in 2016.
2014- Laura Elena Flores Herrera, Panama
Vice Minister for Foreign Trade 1998-1999, and Vice Minister for Trade and Industry in 1998. Assistant Representative to the United Nations Population Fund in Panama 2006-15 (b. 1968-).
2014- Kunzang Choden Namgye, Bhutan
Appointed af one of the two first female Ambassadors of the Kingdom. She worked in the Foreign Ministry since 1980 and was Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations 2011-15.
2014- Ambroisine Kpongo, Central African Republic
First Councillor to the Permanent Central African Republic to the United Nations in New York 1996-2011 and Delegate Minister of Foreign Affairs 2009-2011. (b. 1951-)
2014- Nguyen Phuong Nga, Viet Nam
Worked iNguyễn Phương Nga held various positions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before her appointment as Deputy Foreign Minister in 2011. (b. 1963-)
2015- Katalin Bogyay, Hungary
State Secretary of Education 2006-09, Ambassador to UNESCO 2009�2014 and the President of the 36th session of UNESCO General Conference 2011�13. (b. 1956-)
2015- Maleeha Lodhi, Pakistan
Ambassador to the United States 1993�1996 and 1999�2002 and to United Kingdom 2003-2008
2015- Mar�a Emma Mej�a, Colombia
Ambassador to Spain 1993-95, Minister of Education 1995-96, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1996-98, Vice-Presidential Candidate for the Liberal Party in 1998, Candidate for Mayor of Bogota in 2000, 2003 and 2007, Secretary General of Unasur 2011-12. (b. 1953-).
2015- Gillian Bird, Australia
Deputy Secretary at the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2004-14 and Ambassador to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2008-13. (b. 1957-).
2015- Catherine Boura, Greece
Consul General in New York 2004-2007, Director of European Affairs 2008-09, Chief of Protocol 2009-11 and Ambassador to Lebanon 2011-15,
2015- Elisenda Vives Balma�a, Andorra
Also Ambassador to USA. Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1998-2001, Ambassador to Italy and Morocco 2000-01, Head of Protocol and Administrative Affairs of the Conseil General 2001-15 and President of the Andorran National Commission for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 2012-15
2015- Lourdes Ortiz Yparraguirre, The Philippines
Worked in the Foreign Ministry from 1987, Assistant Secretary of Foreign Affairs 2008-10. Ambassador to Austria, Croatia, Slovenia Slovakia and Permanent Representative of the Philippines to the United Nations Office in Vienna 2010-15.
2015- Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee, Ghana
Prior to her appointment she held positions in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs for almost 30 years.
2016- Besiana Kadare, Albania
Ambassador to UNESCO 2011-16 (b. 1972-).
2016- Marie Chatardov�, Czechia
Director of Diplomatic Protocol 2007-10, Ambassador to Sweden 2002-07 and Ambassador to France, Monaco, the Francophonie and UNESCO 2010-16. (b. 1963-).
2016- Keisha A. McGuire, Grenada
A former lawyer in Miami. (b. 1982-).
2016- Loreen Bannis-Roberts, Dominica
MP 2000-09, Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Education 2000-05, Minister in the Ministry of Tourism, Industry and Private Sector Relations 2005-07 and Minister for Community Development, Culture, Gender Affairs and Information 2007-09. (b. 1966-).
2016- Pennelope Beckles, Trinidad and Tobago
2001-02 Minister for Social Development, Community Development, Culture and Gender Affairs and Health and Minister in charge of policy planning and research development for the social sector, 2002-03 Minister of Culture and Tourism, 2003-07 Minister of Public Utilities and Environment, 2007-10 Deputy Speaker of the House of Representative and 2010-13 Leader of Opposition Business the Senate. (b. 1961-).
2016- Sima Sami Bahous, Jordan
Assistant Secretary-General and Head of the Social Development Sector at the League of Arab States 2008-12
, Assistant Secretary-General of the UN and Administrator and Director of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Regional Bureau for Arab States 2012-16. (b. 1956-)
2016- Mirgul Moldoisaeva, Kyrgyzstan
| i don't know |
In January 2015 a French Court banned a couple from naming their child after which popular food item? | French parents banned from naming their child Nutella or Fraise | The Independent
Europe
French parents banned from naming their child Nutella or Fraise
The judge said giving the child 'the name of a chocolate spread' was against the girl’s interests
Monday 26 January 2015 14:15 BST
Click to follow
The Independent Online
French parents wishing to name their children after their favourite food may have to think twice, as a court has ruled against babies being called Nutella or Fraise.
A judge in Valenciennes, northern France, took a tough stance against a couple who tried to call their child Nutella in September 2014, after a "shocked" registrar reported their choice to the local prosecutor.
La Voix du Nord newspaper reported that the judge said giving the child "the name of a chocolate spread" was against the girl’s interests, as it “might lead to mockery and unpleasant remarks”. He also noted that the name Nutella is the official brand name of the chocolate spread product.
When the parents did not turn up at the November hearing, the judge ruled that the girl should be renamed Ella.
That same court made a similar argument in January this year: overturning the decision by another couple to call their child Fraise. A slang term – "ramène ta fraise" ("get your a** over here") was cited as the reason for why the girl might face derision.
French law dictates that while parents are free to select the names of their children, known foreign names and certain diminutives must be made known to a prosecutor in case they are contrary to the interests of the child.
2014's official top baby names
2014's official top baby names
Last year a spate of children in France and the UK were named after Game Of Thrones characters due to the ever-increasing popularity of the HBO series. A 2014 survey revealed that eleven Tyrions and six Theons were registered in the UK. Despite its drugs-related subject matter, 72 girls were called Skylar after the Breaking Bad character.
| Nutella |
Which Austrian composer was shot and killed by an American soldier in 1945? | Should parents be banned from giving their children 'silly' names? - Telegraph
Fatherhood
Should parents be banned from giving their children 'silly' names?
Naming a child 'Nutella' may be nuts, but governments should stay away from matters of taste, says Jake Wallis Simons
'If children have the misfortune to be born to silly parents, forcibly changing their names won't help them' Photo: Alamy
Comments
As the gentle Bard asked, what’s in a name?
Well, if recent events in France are anything to go by, the answer is simple: sugar, vegetable oil, cocoa powder, skimmed milk powder, emulsifier (soy lecithin) and flavouring (vanillin). Oh, and 52 hazelnuts.
I’m referring to Nutella, the iconic chocolate spread brought to you by the Italian confectionary company Ferrero.
A judge in France has ruled that parents could not name their baby girl Nutella, as it would “make her the target of derision”.
“It is contrary to the child’s interest to have a name that can only lead to mockery and disobliging remarks,” he said.
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Nutella and Strawberry not suitable names for children, French court rules
26 Jan 2015
The parents reportedly argued that they wished their daughters to emulate the qualities of the chocolate spread, in terms of sweetness and popularity. But they must have had a hunch that their cause was doomed, as they did not turn up to the final hearing.
In their absence, it was ruled that the baby should be forcibly renamed Ella, fully testing Shakespeare’s assertion that “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. But no prizes for guessing what her nickname will be.
This news follows the revelation that a French judge has also blocked the use of the name Strawberry, or Fraise, on the grounds that it would cause the child to be continuously subjected to the taunt, “ramène ta fraise”, which means, approximately, “get your bottom over here”.
These cases have shone the spotlight on a debate in France over the extent to which the state should interfere with the names parents give their children.
Prior to 1993, French parents were forced to choose from a long list of officially approved “prenoms”. Then the Mitterand government scrapped the idea, allowing parents to choose their children’s names so long as it was not against their offspring’s interests.
Nutellagate is just the latest case to stretch the boundaries of that principle. In 2000, a Mr and Mrs Renault were blocked from naming their daughter Mégane. In 2011, the name Deamon was rejected; and a couple from Brittany were prevented from naming two of their children “Port” and “Starboard” (“Babord” et “Tribord”).
It’s not just children’s names that are troubling the authorities. Earlier this month, a man from eastern France was told to change the names of his dogs , which had been named “Itler” and “Iva”, and evoked some unhappy Nazi-related memories among his neighbours.
“It’s completely mad. Stupid even,” lamented Luc Bisinger, the mayor of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, who refused to sign the dog licences.
What to make of all this? From a British perspective, for the state to save parents from their own silliness seems rather silly. On the other hand, however, allowing parents to give their children silly names could be seen as a whole lot sillier.
But before you get too comfortable, Britons are far from immune to the phenomena. Names recently registered in England and Wales include Alpha, Indiana, Memphis, Peregrine, Deniro, Kazi and Timotei. All of whom are real people, and all of whom are our countrymen.
It is tempting to see banning such names as a moral duty, an aspect of the Social Contract. And many countries do it. Recent examples of banned names include 4Real (New Zealand), Osama Bin Laden (Turkey), Talula Does The Hula From Hawaii (New Zealand), and Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116 (Sweden), which was intended to be pronounced “Albin”.
The latter was a protest against the “naming law” in Sweden, which was established in 1982 and gives the government the right to vet all children’s names. The couple were fined 5,000 kronor; their alternative suggestion, “A”, was also rejected.
There can be no question that the banning of names can be oppressive. In Iceland, there are 1712 officially approved male names, and 1853 female ones. These are rigidly policed; it took a girl 15 years to win the right to keep her name – Blaer, meaning “light breeze” – which had been designated male. She had been officially known simply as “Girl” since birth, and overturned the ban in 2013. This cannot be right.
Moreover, from a logistical point of view, such a practice can be a costly, bureaucratic nightmare. Even the French, for instance, have been unable to ban parents from calling their children Ugly, because its French version, Moche, could be said to be linked to the Biblical name Moses. The name has reportedly been given to more than 150 babies since 1945.
To make matters worse, when one bears surnames in mind, a new circle of hell is opened. Consider Stan Still, Hazel Nutt, Ray Gunn and Barb Dwyer, not to mention Justin Case, Mary Christmas, Paige Turner, Chriss Chross and Barry Cade, as well as Doug Hole, Tim Burr, Will Power, Pearl Button and Lee King. Again, these are all real-life examples. And again, they are all our countrymen.
In the final analysis, it boils down to one question: do we want to spend public money on this? If children have the misfortune to be born to silly parents, forcibly changing their names is just a sticking-plaster solution. The cause of the silliness – their parents – will remain, and the children will still have to deal with them for the rest of their days (best of British).
What's more, there would be something fundamentally wrong about ridding the world of such joys as Batman Bin Suparman, that famous Singaporean criminal who was jailed in 2013 on theft and drugs charges.
So Nutella may be nuts, but the French authorities should lump it. Governments should stay away from matters of taste.
| i don't know |
19th century surgeon Dr Joseph Bell was the inspiration for which literary character? | Joseph Bell - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
I am a simple man trying to live a simple life !!!!!!
Joseph Bell
Born 2 December 1837 (1837-12-02)
Died October 4, 1911, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Books Modern Diesel Technolo, Condemned : Criminal Origins: P, The Last Colonial
Similar People Arthur Conan Doyle, Bob Geldof, David Raksin, Jo Soares, Bertram Millhauser
Dr joseph bell the true story of sherlock holmes history crime biography documentary
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Joseph Bell, JP, DL, FRCSE (2 December 1837 – 4 October 1911) was a Scottish lecturer at the medical school of the University of Edinburgh in the 19th century. He is perhaps best known as an inspiration for the literary character Sherlock Holmes.
Dr joseph bell the true story of sherlock holmes full documentary
Life and career
Bell was the son of Dr Benjamin Bell (1810-1883) and his wife, Cecilia Barbara Craigie, and was a great-grandson of the famous Benjamin Bell, forensic surgeon. In his instruction, Joseph Bell emphasized the importance of close observation in making a diagnosis. To illustrate this, he would often pick a stranger and, by observing him, deduce his occupation and recent activities. These skills caused him to be considered a pioneer in forensic science (forensic pathology in particular) at a time when science was not yet widely used in criminal investigations.
Bell studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School and received an MD in 1859. Bell served as personal surgeon to Queen Victoria whenever she visited Scotland. He also published several medical textbooks. Bell was a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RSCEd), a Justice of the Peace, and a Deputy Lieutenant. He was elected President of the RSCEd in 1887.
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Bell wrote the book Manual of the Operations of Surgery which was published in 1866.
Joseph Bell died on 4 October 1911. He was buried at the Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh alongside his wife, Edith Katherine Erskine Murray, and their son Benjamin, and next to his father's and brother's plots. The grave is midway along the north wall of the northern section to the original cemetery.
Inspiration of Sherlock Holmes
Arthur Conan Doyle met Bell in 1877, and served as his clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Doyle later went on to write a series of popular stories featuring the fictional character Sherlock Holmes, who Doyle stated was loosely based on Bell and his observant ways. Bell was aware of this inspiration and took some pride in it. According to Irving Wallace (in an essay originally in his book The Fabulous Originals but later republished and updated in his collection The Sunday Gentleman) Bell was involved in several police investigations, mostly in Scotland, such as the Ardlamont Mystery of 1893, usually with forensic expert Professor Henry Littlejohn.
Dramatisation
The BBC television series Murder Rooms: The Dark Beginnings of Sherlock Holmes, was a fictionalised account of Doyle's time as Bell's clerk. The series may have exaggerated Bell's criminal investigations, as well as the degree to which Holmes was based on Bell (played by Ian Richardson), and positioned Doyle in the role of a Dr. Watson to Bell's Holmes. The original one-off production – which led to the later series – was released on DVD and VHS in the US in 2003, titled Dr. Bell and Mr. Doyle – The Dark Beginnings of Sherlock Holmes.
In 2006, Stone Publishing House published a book, written by historian Dr. Robert Hume, aimed at schoolchildren titled Dr. Joseph Bell – the original Sherlock Holmes.
In the Doctor Who episode "Tooth and Claw", the time travelling adventurer known as the Doctor identifies himself as an ex-student of Dr. Bell to Queen Victoria.
The comic book Les dossiers du Professeur Bell by Joann Sfar is about the (fictional) supernatural adventures of Dr. Bell.
In episode 11, Season 5, of the Fox TV show House M.D., Wilson presents House with Joseph Bell's Manual Of the Operations of Surgery as a Christmas gift. The character of House is based on Holmes, who, as noted, was based in turn on Bell. When House's staff begin to wonder what dark meaning to put to House throwing away the expensive Christmas gift of the book, an amused Wilson begins making up a story about House having a closeted infatuation with a patient named Irene Adler whom he will always consider to be "the one who got away".
Memorial
A bronze plaque was erected to Joseph Bell at 2 Melville Crescent, Edinburgh on 8 October 2011, marking the centenary of his death. Organised and funded by The Japan Sherlock Holmes Club, the building at this address, which was his home for his final decades, is now the Japanese Consulate in Edinburgh.
The plaque explains Bell's connection to Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes.
The unveiling ceremony was attended by the several persons involved in the erection of the plaque (principally Mr Takeshi Shimizu) and representatives of various Sherlock Holmes Clubs and Societies. All present gave a short speech on their connection to either Holmes or the project, with a piece from Prof. Owen Dudley Edwards.
The plaque was created and cast by Powderhall Bronze of Edinburgh.
| Sherlock Holmes |
"""I got rhythm"" and ""S'wonderful"" are songs from which musical?" | Victorian Crimes: Mysteries 2013
Victorian Crimes: Mysteries 2013
By Suzanne Fox |
Mar 29, 2013
Only to modern eyes does the late 19th century seem cozy, staid, or secure. The Victorians themselves saw their age much as we do our own: as a time of tumult in which traditions crumbled and startling technological innovations inspired hope and instilled fear. The period saw the emergence of recognizably modern police forces and forensic science, as well as the rise of what we now call the serial killer. It also gave birth to the first true detective fiction, from Dickens’s Bleak House and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White to the work of Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle in the genre. Decades of writers have taken up the detective novel since then, reimagining both the form and the age that produced it.
The similarities and differences between the Victorian era and our own are part of the former’s enduring appeal to both writers and readers. “The Victorian period feels accessible to readers today,” comments Barbara Peters of Poisoned Pen Press. “It’s not that unfamiliar in its social structure. You don’t have to learn a different language or distant history to understand it. Yet there was so much going on, and we’re far enough away from it to enjoy paying it a visit.” The fledgling state of Victorian forensic science is also interesting. “The forensics of the period tilt investigations back toward the heart and the brain—toward human effort rather than scientific process,” says Kate Miciak, editorial director, v-p of Ballantine Bantam Dell.
The authors featured below reflect the contrasts of the period they depict. They take inspiration from literature, history, and geography, and they make use of American and British protagonists, plainspoken and trickier literary styles, early and late Victorian timeframes, moods ranging from cozy to blood-curdling, and every form of detective from titled amateur sleuth to working class “copper.” What they share, along with a mastery of their craft and a fascination with the 19th century, is a capacity to reenvision the period in ways that are historically convincing and fictionally fresh, yet that resonate with today’s concerns.
Period literature is a natural source of story for contemporary writers of Victorian mystery. Sherlock Holmes appears in a variety of recent mysteries, most notably those of Laurie R. King, while Arthur Conan Doyle himself partners with the period’s most scandalous poet in Gyles Brandreth’s Oscar Wilde mysteries. The series’ sixth installment, Oscar Wilde and the Murders at Reading Goal (Touchstone, May), proves that Brandreth’s Wilde is astute enough to solve a murder from the confines of a cell and clever enough to be entertaining in the process.
Another mystery drawn from Victorian literature, American David Morrell’s Murder as a Fine Art (Mulholland, May), represents a significant and successful shift for a veteran author best known for First Blood, the source of the Rambo films. Reminded of 19th-century author Thomas De Quincey by chance, Morrell found himself fascinated by the man, his work, and his influence on such writers as Poe and Collins. In Morrell’s novel, set in 1854, an elderly De Quincey visits London with his daughter Emily; at the same time, a copycat murderer recreates the Ratcliffe Highway killings. So minutely do the new murders reflect De Quincey’s essay “On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts” that he is soon arrested. Revealed through both Emily’s journal and omniscient narration, the plot balances the DeQuinceys’ amateur detection with the work of a fictional plainclothes detective and his ambitious constable. “This is a period when plainclothes detectives and plaster casting of footprints were still innovations,” Morrell explains. “[My] characters see them through fresh eyes.”
Some of the most inventive combinations of literary sources and mystery fiction being written today come from Britain’s Lynn Shepherd. Shepherd’s The Solitary House introduced two Charles Maddoxes—a struggling private detective and his great-uncle, a legendary “thief taker”—amid a cast of characters drawn from Dickens’s Bleak House. Adding the Romantics to the mix, A Fatal Likeness (Delacorte, Aug.) finds the younger Maddox investigating the often sinister secrets of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and his circle. Historical figures such as Claire Clairmont, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, and others play a role; the elder Maddox, dimmed by what we now call Alzheimer’s, can offer little assistance, but his hidden case files guide his namesake toward answers that other sources obscure. Like Morrell, Shepherd juxtaposes period documents with omniscient narration, but her narrative tone is confiding, a bit gossipy, and sometimes cheekily modern. The layering of modern voice, Dickensian London, and the Romantic literary past is both complex and convincing, as are Shepherd’s answers to the longstanding literary mysteries that crop up in the novel.
Unlike those of Morrell and Shepherd, Australian writer John Harwood’s latest novel makes no explicit references to writers or literature. As with his previous mystery, The Séance, however, The Asylum (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, May) draws on the Victorian novel of sensation for both structure and atmosphere. Calling The Woman in White “part of the landscape in which I write,” Harwood opens his novel with a young woman awakening in an asylum. Though known there as Lucy Ashton, she believes herself to be Georgina Ferrars; when the uncle with whom she remembers living is notified of her whereabouts by telegraph, he responds that Georgina Ferrars is with him in London. “My fascination with anomalous perceptions, hallucinations, visitations, troubled or haunted states of mind—not to mention vast, sinister houses—was bound to lead me to an asylum sooner or later,” Harwood says playfully. The book is a psychological puzzle rather than story of detection, and the heroine’s literal and figurative search for self offers the haunting pleasures of a Victorian novel of sensation as well as a rich modern meditation on identity.
Like literature, place is a powerful inspiration for all of the writers featured here, and both British and American mystery authors often set their novels on British soil. “I think that everyone who loves to read was to one degree or another raised on Victorian literature. So much of what we take in with our mother’s milk is Victorian England, when England and London were the center of the universe,” says Charles Finch, an American who has lived in both the U.S. and England. Though his protagonist, Charles Lenox, is a Londoner, last year’s A Death in the Small Hours takes the private detective and member of Parliament, along with his small family, to Everley, the Somerset estate of a beloved relative. There, he finds Frederick Ponsonby planning to pass the estate to a younger relation; meanwhile, the nearby village is threatened by vandalism and murder. Both lyrically and accurately rendered, Finch’s Everley is Edenic. Yet he imagines the British country house less as a haven of privilege than as the hub of a community connected across classes and generations. “I wanted to talk about the social role and responsibilities of the squire,” the author says. “There has always been a squire in this house. But what I find fascinating in the period are the huge changes afoot. These seismic social changes are what interest me, under the guise of a very proper, staid society.” Lenox returns to London in the upcoming An Old Betrayal (Minotaur, Nov.), in which a new case leads him close to the British royal family.
Also centering on London, the books of British writer Anne Perry (beginning with 1979’s The Cater Street Hangman) have done much to popularize Victorian mysteries in the U.S. Like many of the authors here, Perry constructs her novels with an awareness of both historical realities and current events. “My recent plots come right from today’s headlines,” she notes. “People have said to me, ‘I don’t suppose you realize it, but this is right up to date.’ But of course I do realize it—that’s probably why I wrote it.”
There are two deadly rapes in her 28th Charlotte and Thomas Pitt novel, Midnight at Marble Arch (Ballantine, Apr.). Pitt, an ordinary policeman who has risen to head Britain’s Special Branch, looks into one case, while his friends and family, including his wife Charlotte, unofficially investigate the other. Character reactions to the sexual crimes—including shame, blame, and frustration at the gap between punishment and justice—feel authentic to their period, yet familiar today. “This was a theme I hadn’t [written about] before, and it’s very pertinent,” Perry comments. “In some ways, not much has changed. But when events are set in a different place or time, we can look at them without feeling as self-conscious.”
American writer Alex Grecian’s highly praised 2012 debut, The Yard, was set in London, among a Murder Squad formed after Scotland Yard’s failure to catch Jack the Ripper. The Black Country (Putnam, May) sends The Yard’s Day, Hammersmith, and Kingsley into Britain’s bleak industrial Midlands, where towns literally tremble on a landscape plundered for coal. “I read the journal of a woman who lived in the ‘black country’ during the period. She talked about how the town’s houses were actually sinking into the mine tunnels,” Grecian says. “There were open pits everywhere and children playing right in the mines. I had to bring my London characters there to see what would happen to them.”
Scores of villagers fall ill, a terrifying figure is glimpsed in the woods, and a young girl discovers an eyeball under a tree in Grecian’s fictional Blackhampton—even before the disappearance of a married couple and their toddler prompt local police to summon the Yard. The tale that unfolds pits science and deduction against local superstition, drawing on sources including international history and British folklore; the novel combines the cliffhangers of a serial and the scariness of Gothic horror.
American writer Tasha Alexander decided to make her series heroine, Lady Emily Hargreaves, a wellborn Englishwoman. “It’s not difficult to understand why someone who is working in hideous conditions in the East End of Victorian London would want social change. But what about somebody with country houses?” Alexander asks. “From the start, my idea was to take a young woman from the top of society and explore the process in which she develops intellectually [and] begins to crusade for social change.”
In researching the travels of her protagonist, Alexander reads the letters and diaries of real Victorian women travelers; these offer the author useful and sometimes surprising guidance. “We’ve really bought the Edwardian’s view of their stodgy Victorian grandparents. But if you actually start delving into primary sources, you see that they were a lot less dull and fearful than their grandchildren would have us believe.” Since the series’ 2004 debut, Lady Emily has traveled to Vienna and Constantinople, among other places, and married Colin Hargreaves, who investigates sensitive matters for the British Crown. In addition to linking Lady Emily to a wider range of investigations, the relationship allows Alexander to explore new aspects of the Victorian female experience. With her protagonist newly pregnant at the end of last year’s Death in the Floating City, Alexander’s Behind the Shattered Glass (Minotaur, Oct.) will offer new insights, as well as new crimes.
Also of note is The Path of the Wicked (Severn/Crème de la Crime, June), the sixth Liberty Lane mystery by British author Gillian Linscott, writing as Caro Peacock. Despite operating in 1840, Lane makes a plausible and appealing female investigator and shows her mettle as she strives to exonerate a young man accused of murdering a governess in Cheltenham.
Though there is no Victorian era in American history, some mystery novels set in late-19th-century U.S. have a recognizably Victorian sensibility. Anne Perry finds a kind of American counterpart in Victoria Thompson, whose enduring Gaslight Mystery series explores the diverse neighborhoods of Manhattan during the period through the crime-solving exploits of midwife Sarah Brandt and police detective Frank Malloy. Like Perry, Thompson excels at finding themes that are both historically accurate and resonant now. Murder in Chelsea (Berkley Prime Crime, May) involves an issue of what we would today call child custody; and Thompson’s next plot hinges on late-19th-century lonely hearts ads, foreshadowing some of the risks of online dating.
Lindsay Faye, another American writer evoking 19th-century New York City, has been praised “as an author of rare talent” by Caleb Carr, whose 1994 The Alienist is often credited for ushering in the “golden age” of contemporary historical fiction. After a successful debut novel set in London (see sidebar), Faye moved to 1840s Manhattan in her 2012 The Gods of Gotham. Its striking sequel, Seven for a Secret (Putnam/Amy Einhorn, Sept.), is again narrated by Timothy Wilde, an Irish ex-bartender and one of New York City’s first “copper star” officers. The latter are a surprisingly small corps of virtually untrained, mostly working-class men charged with keeping a huge and violent city in check.
American Kieran Shields, who like Faye names Carr as an inspiration, explores a lesser-known American city with equal distinction. A Study in Revenge (Crown, Jan.) makes evocative use of settings in Portland, Maine (the author’s hometown and a major 19th-century maritime center), as well as other environments from Boston to Mount Katahdin. In both Shield’s widely praised 2012 debut, The Truth of All Things, and A Study in Revenge, Deputy Marshal Archie Lean and former-Pinkerton Perceval Grey explore the distant as well as the recent past. The history of the Salem Witch Trials is integral to the first book’s mystery; Colonial history and alchemical lore are central to A Study in Revenge. Shields’s work brings this discussion of Victorian mysteries full circle, melding vigorously American settings and themes with influences from British detective literature. Though Lean and Grey echo Doyle’s Holmes and Watson, it’s the differences between the two pairs that best showcase the author’s gifts. The son of a Native American, Grey was raised by his mother’s wealthy white family. He is visibly “other” in a world where dark-skinned men are rarely seen in impeccably tailored suits. “Holmes is very much a product of his society, with a Queen-and-country mentality,” Shields comments. “Grey is an outsider. He’s not truly a part of the culture that he’s working to protect, even though he’s probably smarter and more cultured than most of the people he’s up against, and he’s not entirely comfortable with his identity.” Happily for readers, Grey, like the novels discussed here, is more interesting because he exists at the intersection of contrasting worlds.
Suzanne Fox, a Florida writer, teacher, and editor, reviews regularly for Publishers Weekly.
YA Victorian-Era Offerings with a Mystery Twist
Changelings, freak-show attractions, Emily Dickinson, the daughter of Queen Victoria’s royal surgeon, and a monster catcher’s apprentice are among the diverse characters starring in a handful of YA novels, due this spring or fall, featuring Victorian settings—and a tinge of mystery.
A teenage girl in Victorian London is swept into a world of deception, betrayal, and revenge in Kristin Bailey’s Legacy of the Clockwork Key (S&S/Simon Pulse, Mar.), the first book in a trilogy. After a fire destroys Meg’s home, her fortune, and her future, she rescues from the ashes a tarnished pocket watch that reveals clues about an elite secret society and a dangerous invention.
Kieran Larwood’s Freaks (Scholastic/Chicken House, Mar.) introduces a cast of characters born with abnormalities that make them misfits. They spend their nights on public display, trapped in a traveling Victorian sideshow. But by day, they use their various talents to solve the mystery of why London street urchins are disappearing and to protect those who remain. As the apparently mild-mannered daughter of Queen Victoria’s surgeon, the eponymous heroine of Kate Maddison’s The Incredible Charlotte Sycamore (Holiday House, Apr.) faces quite a challenge: she must keep her risky nightly efforts to solve murder mysteries a secret. She swordfights with her best friends, is mauled by apparently rabid dogs, steals medical supplies from the rich to give them to the poor, and saves the queen’s life. Writing under a pseudonym, historical romance author Kate Bridges makes her YA debut with this steampunk novel.
Though set in New England rather than England, Nobody’s Secret (Chronicle, Apr.) by Michaela MacColl features a fictional heroine based on celebrated 18th-century poet Emily Dickinson. When Dickinson meets a mysterious man who refuses to divulge his name, she enjoys a clandestine flirtation with him—until he turns up dead in her family’s pond. She embarks on an investigation into his identity, uncovering her town’s secrets and placing herself in deadly danger in the process. Also due is the trade paperback edition of MacColl’s Prisoners in the Palace: How Princess Victoria Became Queen with the Help of Her Maid, a Reporter, and a Scoundrel (Chronicle, Mar.).
Colleen Gleason’s The Clockwork Scarab: A Stoker & Holmes Novel (Chronicle, Oct.) is the first installment of a series starring two young women: Mina, the niece of Sherlock Holmes, who has inherited his investigative skills; and Evaline, the half-sister of Bram Stoker, who is a hunter of the undead. When two women disappear in London, the only clue connecting them is an Egyptian clockwork scarab, and Mina and Evaline team up to solve the case.
Two fall novels set in Victorian London feature otherworldly creatures. In The Whatnot (Greenwillow, Sept.), Stefan Bachmann’s sequel to The Peculiar, the faeries have been chased out of London, and Pikey Thomas and changeling Bartholomew Kettle follow, piecing together clues and searching for the doorway that will lead them to Bartholomew’s sister Hattie. And How to Catch a Bogle (Harcourt, Sept.) by Catherine Jinks is the first book in a middle-grade trilogy featuring Birdie, an orphan who is an apprentice to a monster catcher. Her job is to lure bogles out of their lairs and she is happy with her lot—until the orphans of London start disappearing.—Sally Lodge
Ripping Yarns
Jack the Ripper is alive and well in the pages of mystery and crime fiction, 125 years after the Autumn of Terror. The story of the archetypical serial killer exemplifies the old adage about truth being stranger than fiction. Consider the apparent ritual significance of the murders, which were replete with savage gore—and the butchery that a correspondent to Scotland Yard (who signed himself Jack the Ripper, but whom many believe to have just been a journalist) dubbed the “double event”: having been thwarted in his plan to mutilate Elizabeth Stride, the murderer claimed the life of Catherine Eddowes within the hour, and vented his frustration on her corpse. The Eddowes slaying, committed in a small square, regularly patrolled by a constable on 15-minute rounds, bolstered the notion that the killer managed to somehow turn invisible. And with the identity of the Ripper still unknown (and likely to remain so), armchair theorists have pointed the figure at a who’s who of Victorian England, including Lewis Carroll, the royal physician, and even Queen Victoria’s grandson.
Small wonder, then, that many writers continue to be tempted to offer their take on the Ripper. Sherlock Holmes was (again) on the trail in Lyndsay Faye’s Dust & Shadow (Simon & Schuster, 2009). Time travel and H.G. Wells, first combined with Jack in Karl Alexander’s 1979 Time After Time, are also in the mix of Felix Palma’s The Map of Time (Atria, 2011). And 2015 will see the publication of Peter Straub’s era-shifting Hello Jack (Doubleday), in which contemporary Ripper-like murders prove to be connected with the original crimes. And the appeal of the shadowy figure isn’t restricted to genre regulars. Isabel Allende’s forthcoming Ripper (HarperCollins, 2014), set in the present, features online role-players teaming up to catch a serial killer in a game called Ripper.
David Pirie used the Ripper in his Murder Room series featuring Dr. Joseph Bell, the real-life inspiration for Sherlock Holmes. He observes that if the killer “had been identified and caught, it seems highly likely much of the uncanny aura of the murders would have been dissipated. The Yorkshire Ripper, who created such a stir in the U.K. some years back is still notorious of course but has nothing of the aura of the first Ripper because when arrested his public persona proved incredibly mundane. People are in the end people and criminals are not usually epic characters. The original Ripper, if identified, would probably have been mundane too, but as a mystery he remains so much more.”
For Lyndsay Faye, it’s not just that the Ripper has never been identified. “His enduring legend has everything to do with the fact that he was a darling of the popular press. Slap Jack the Ripper on a headline and you were instantly raking in the shillings; add a frightening illustration and amplify that to sovereigns. The English have frankly always been riveted by gore. So the conservative press used him to shriek about foreign influence and moral depravity, and the liberal press used him to flog the plight of the poor in the East End.” For Faye, it was “extremely difficult to treat the horrendous details of the crimes fairly, tastefully, without doing a severe disservice to the victims by glossing over their grisly fates. They didn’t have a choice in the matter and we do—as a female writer especially, it’s a fine line between historical accuracy and the same variety of sordid money-grubbing the Victorian gutter press was reveling in.”
French impossible crime master Paul Halter, whose The Red Fog will be published by Locked Room International in late 2013, has a different take. “It’s question of period and décor. Victorian London is a marvelous canvas for crime stories (hansom cabs, gas lamps, fog, badly paved streets, etc.).” Channeling Golden Age greats such as John Dickson Carr, Halter’s Ripper novel emphasizes the miraculous nature of the murderer’s disappearances after the crimes, which for Halter is “perhaps their most fascinating aspect.”
Alex Grecian, author of the Murder Squad series, doesn’t “really care who the Ripper was or what his/her agenda was. The effect of the Ripper on society is what intrigues me.” In The Yard (his 2012 series debut), he dealt with “the morale of the people living in London at the time, the aftermath of the Ripper’s actions and the results, or lack of results, that the police force was faced with.” He understands why people play Guess-the-Ripper, “but figuring out how society’s grown up around the myth of the Ripper is much more fascinating.”
Perhaps Straub sums up the rationale for fictional use of the killer best; he notes that “the evocation of Jack the Ripper calls up a wonderful sense of historical solidity: mental graphics that come laden with suspense, terror, mystery, and fascination.”—Lenny Picker
The E-book Did It
Genre fiction has done very well in the e-book format and mysteries are no exception. Just how important e-books have become to the category can be seen in the latest figures from Bowker Market Research. In the fourth quarter of 2012, e-books accounted for half of all mystery (and detective) units sold, up from 38% in the same period the prior year. For the full year, e-books accounted for 35% of units sold and 24% of spending, according to Bowker. E-books’ gain were print’s loss of course, with the biggest decline coming in the hardcover format, whose share of units sold fell to 19% in last year’s fourth quarter, from 27% in the comparable period in 2011. Mass market paperbacks—a category generally hit hard by the rise of e-books—fared relatively well, with units holding even between the fourth quarter of 2011 and that of 2012.
The increase in e-book units did not translate into a windfall for Amazon. According to Bowker, Amazon’s share of total mystery unit sales actually fell by one percentage point in the final quarter of last year compared to 2011, as the e-tailing giant lost ground to other e-commerce competitors, such as Apple’s iBookstore. B&N also lost ground in the year, with the second-largest bookseller’s unit share falling to 18% from 23%. Independent booksellers and Books-A-Million gained market share 2012, each picking up one percentage point.
The decline in print sales of mystery titles continued into the first quarter of 2013. Data from Nielsen BookScan show that print sales at outlets reporting to the company’s retail & club channel (which includes bookstores and Amazon) fell 20% for the year-to-date period ended March 24 compared to the similar week in 2012.
Despite print’s declining share of the market, a lot of mystery titles are still sold in hardcover, trade paperback, and mass market paperback formats. The top-selling mystery book at outlets that report to BookScan in 2012 was the hardcover edition of Janet Evanovich’s Notorious Nineteen, at just under 290,000 copies. A mass market edition of Evanovich’s Explosive Eighteen placed third last year. Of 2012’s top-10 mystery/detective novels in terms of print sales, five were mass market paperbacks, three were hardcover, and two were trade paperback. Stieg Larsson’s The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo has been impossible to kill off, with both the trade paperback and mass market editions making the top 10 last year, helped by the release of the movie.
Bestselling Mystery & Detective Novels in 2012
Rank
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Who is the Minister for Energy and Climate change? | Energy and climate change minister admits asking: 'Is climate change real?' - Telegraph
Climate Change
Energy and climate change minister admits asking: 'Is climate change real?'
Andrea Leadsom, minister at the Department of Energy and Climate Change, suggests she doubted climate change but says she is now "persuaded"
Andrea Leadsom, minister at the Department of Energy and Climate Change Photo: REX
By Emily Gosden , Energy Editor
12:07PM GMT 27 Oct 2015
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Andrea Leadsom, the energy and climate change minister, has admitted asking whether climate change was real after she was appointed to the job.
Mrs Leadsom said she was now "completely persuaded" on the issue, according to comments reported by fracking news site Drill Or Drop .
The minister told the All Party Parliamentary Group on Unconventional Gas and Oil: "When I first came to this job one of my two questions was: 'Is climate change real?' and the other was 'Is hydraulic fracturing safe?' And on both of those questions I now am completely persuaded."
The apparent admission that a minister was appointed to the energy and climate brief despite harbouring doubts over global warming is likely to further fuel criticism of the Government among green groups, who have accused the Conservatives of watering down their commitment to tackling climate change.
WAIT WAIT WAIT. Energy minister had to ask, AFTER GETTING THE JOB, "is climate change real?" https://t.co/Qxtcts2Jpy via @emilygosden
— Tom Chivers (@TomChivers) October 27, 2015
Mrs Leadsom's responsibilities include oil and gas policy, new nuclear and renewables.
She has spoken out strongly in favour of fracking at the same time as cutting support for renewables, and has clashed with green campaigners, accusing them of peddling "nonsense".
However since taking the job she has also talked of the need to tackle climate change, describing it as an "economic safety net".
— Andrea Leadsom MP (@andrealeadsom) July 24, 2015
Amber Rudd, the energy and climate change secretary, has responsibility for leading on international climate change negotiations.
Ms Rudd has spoken out about the need to tackle global warming, citing comments on climate change by Margaret Thatcher, but has accused left-wingers of hijacking the debate.
She said earlier this year she could " understand the suspicion of those who see climate action as some sort of cover for anti-growth, anti-capitalist, proto-socialism ".
Amber Rudd, the energy secretary Photo: Rex Features
Mrs Leadsom's comments to the APPG came in response to a question about men and women's attitudes to fracking, following claims by Professor Averil Macdonald, chairman of the fracking industry group, who claimed women were opposed to it because they did not understand it.
@emilygosden DECC's own polling suggests women are less keen on shale than men, eg page 5 https://t.co/0srzZ8Uc2c
— William Marchant (@richonlyinname) October 27, 2015
Mrs Leadsom said she was "absolutely sure that women are not less keen on anything than men".
Professor Macdonald's comments followed research by the University of Nottingham that found that men were almost twice as likely to support fracking as women.
Some 58 per cent of men believe shale gas extraction should be allowed, while just 31 per cent of women agreed.
And research conducted by the Department of Energy and Climate Change itself concluded that "support for fracking differs by gender, with men (27 per cent) more likely than women (16 per cent) to support it".
| Amber Rudd |
"""It is this day three hundred and forty eight years, six months and nineteen days that the good people of Paris were awakened by a grand pealing from all the bells"" is the first line of which novel?" | Amber Rudd MP, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change | Department of Energy and Climate Change blog
Search for:
Amber Rudd MP, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Amber Rudd became the UK Government's Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change following the May 2015 general election. Before the election Amber was the Department of Energy and Climate Change's Climate Change Minister.
— Regulation , Shale gas
We said in our Manifesto that we would support the safe development of shale gas and as a One Nation Government that’s what we will do, because it’s good for jobs, it’s part of our plan to ensure the potential …
— Climate Change , Energy Bills , Energy efficiency , Innovation , Prices , Renewable energy
DECC’s priorities are clear: keeping bills as low as possible for hardworking families and businesses and powering the economy while decarbonising in the most cost-effective way. These are a challenging and critical set of objectives. DECC has a long term …
— Climate Change , Low carbon , Oil and gas , Renewable energy
Today’s Queen’s Speech sets out our early priorities for the new Parliament. DECC’s priorities are clear: keeping the lights on and powering the economy; keeping bills low for families and businesses and getting a climate deal in Paris this year. …
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"Which comedy actor said ""He's not the messiah, he's a very naughty boy"" in the Life of Brian?" | Not the Messiah: He's a Very Naughty Boy (2010) - IMDb
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Not the Messiah: He's a Very Naughty Boy ( 2010 )
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A comic oratorio inspired by Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979) filmed at its only European performance at the Royal Albert Hall in October 2009 to celebrate 40 years of Monty Python.
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Britain's top comedians pay tribute to the iconic series, Monty Python's Flying Circus.
Stars: Eric Idle, John Cleese, Michael Palin
Sketches from "Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969)".
Director: Ian MacNaughton
Monty pythons flying circus is a funny live show based on the TVs series monty Python and the flying circus.
Director: Paul Miller
The reunion of the Monty Python team on stage for the first time in over 30 years, and for the last time ever.
Directors: Eric Idle, Aubrey Powell
Stars: John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle
Two parts Monty Python German television comedy specials.
Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle
The Monty Python troupe perform a combination of classic sketches and new material at the Hollywood Bowl.
Directors: Terry Hughes, Ian MacNaughton
Stars: John Cleese, Michael Palin, Eric Idle
Directors: Bill Jones, Jeff Simpson, and 1 more credit »
Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Jones
An anthology of Monty Python's best sketches from their 1st & 2nd seasons of their original TV show.
Director: Ian MacNaughton
The original surreal sketch comedy showcase for the Monty Python troupe.
Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam
Sir Edmund Blackadder must protect, and later rescue, King Charles I from the Roundheads.
Director: Mandie Fletcher
Series of new sketches performed by the Monty Python team, linking programmes to celebrate their 30th anniversary.
Directors: Terry Jones, Elaine Shepherd
Stars: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam
A look back at the making of the entire "Blackadder" series to commemorate the 25th anniversary.
Director: Lindsay Jex
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Storyline
Not The Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy) is a comic oratorio based on Monty Python's Life of Brian, which retells the tragic tale of Mandy, impregnated by a Roman soldier, giving birth to Brian, a reluctant revolutionary of the People's Front of Judea who falls in love with Judith, gets mistaken for a Messiah and is arrested by the Romans and sentenced to be crucified. It ranges in reference from Handel, through a naughty Mozart duet, to the Festival of Nine Carols, Bob Dylan, and the classic finale "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life". Written by Anonymous
Rated PG for suggestive material and language | See all certifications »
Parents Guide:
25 March 2010 (UK) See more »
Also Known As:
Not the Messiah: He's a Very Naughty Boy See more »
Filming Locations:
Did You Know?
Trivia
The "We All Love Sheep" song is actually based on a deleted scene from the beginning of Life of Brian. In said scene, the Three Wise Men are watching sheep in a field prior to visiting the recently born Messiah. See more »
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(Netherlands) – See all my reviews
I'm a big fan of Monty Phyton. In the series as well as in the movies. Also the life of Brian was funny and innovative. But not not the messiah. So I would like to add to Vincent's comment the following. If you are a big python fan, don't watch it! It might influence your perception of the earlier works. There was one thing that could have been good in the movie. The location of the sublime Albert Hall. Unfortunately it was completely wasted by the poor, uninspired performances! I can understand why Cleese didn't want to take part. They should have hired Neil Innes to create a more of everything show. Maybe the 50th anniversary?
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| Terry Jones |
Julius Nyerere became the first leader of which African country in 1964? | View All Photos (4)
Movie Info
A fabulously entertaining 90-minute comic oratorio by Eric Idle and John Du Prez (creators of "Spamalot") inspired by "Monty Python's Life Of Brian" filmed at its only European performance at the Royal Albert Hall in October 2009 to celebrate 40 years of Monty Python. This hilarious take on the Messiah features the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Choir, a host of superb soloists in the lead roles including Rosalind Plowright and Eric Idle, with Michael Palin as Mrs Betty Parkinson and special guest appearances from Pythons Terry Jones and Terry Gilliam. And of course three sheep! Like Handel only funnier.
Rating:
PG (for suggestive material and language)
Genre:
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"Which is the largest of the Ionian Islands, it is also the setting for the Louis De Bernieres novel ""Captain Correlli's mandolin?" | Kefalonia is for romance - Luisa World
Kefalonia is for romance
The setting for Louis de Bernières’ fabulous novel Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, Kephalonia, is the largest of the seven Ionian islands but remains the least developed.
Studded with olive groves and vineyards Kephalonia’s two key resorts are the pretty fishing harbour of Fiskardo and tiny Assos. Whilst Santorini might be famous for its dramatic sunsets and pristine beaches, this island has all of that and so much more.
“Long, empty stretches of white sand, towering limestone cliffs, and deep, lush valleys” are perfect for lovers, comments Conde Nast Traveller.
“Exploring the enchanting caverns of Drogarati, sailing to Ithaca on a glass-bottomed boat, poking around the castle ruins of sleepy Assos, or lying out doing absolutely nothing at all.”
We totally approve. Kefalonia’s magnificent scenery features some of the best beaches in the whole of Greece.
Thanks to it’s size, “this island never feels crowded, even in high season on the photogenic sands of Myrtos, or among the swanky, marina-side restaurants of Fiskardo” says Telegraph.
An island ideal for family and romantic vacations Fiscardo, Myrtos, Antisamos, Assos and Skala are the places to love on this island with exotic beaches, crystal blue water and relaxing atmosphere.
Antisamos, Myrtos, Lourdas, Petanoi and Skala are the most popular beaches but there are plenty to discover on this Greek island and please make sure to visit the lake cave of Melissani. You will be enchanted.
June 5, 2015
| Cephalonia |
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Kefalonia is the largest of the Ionian Islands and boasts the largest mountain range in the 'Eptanissa' or Seven Islands. The island is the sixth largest in Greece covering some 737 square kilometres and has a coastline of 254 kilometres. Kefalonia has a typically Mediterranean climate - the winters are mild with frosts rarely occurring and temperatures, usually remaining above 5°C. By contrast, summers are dry and hot with negligible rainfall in July/August. The air temperature at this time of year is often greater than 30°C and in open areas the ground temperature can be very much higher. The island is famous for it's strange geographical phenomena, for being voted as tenth in a world scenic beauty league and more recently as the island setting of Louis de Bernieres novel (and the subsequent movie) "Captain Corelli's Mandolin".
Kefalonia has its own airport, near to the island's capital, Argostoli, and direct flights are available from many European countries (as well as a daily flight from Athens). It's sister island of Ithaca is easily reached by a short ferry crossing and ferries operate from a number of ports (Argostoli, Lixouri, Poros, Skala, Aghia Efimia, Pessada and Fiskardo) connecting Kefalonia to other nearby islands and to mainland Greece.
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In which county is the Cerne Abbas Giant? | Top 10 Dorset (county) Hotels Near Cerne Abbas Giant | United Kingdom | Hotels.com
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"Excellent room with a double bed plus a seating area with a TV-more of a suite in fact :) Delicious dinner and a good choice at breakfast including eggs florentine-my favourite! Walking distance to the Cerne Abbas giant and near Minterne Gardens and Sherborne Castle. Would definitely visit again."
A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB
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The Brace of Pheasants - Inn
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"Lovely, comfortable room in a converted skittles alley. Had a great meal in the restaurant. Went on a 1 1 1/2 hour hike in the morning. Overall, a wonderful stay!"
A Traveller, Oct 2016, CA
Hotels within 6 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
George Albert Hotel
Excellent 4.6 / 5 ( 62 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
13 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Nice find this. Large comfortable rooms with everything you need. Wifi worked fine. Free parking. Thought meal was a bit small for money paid. I had large ham egg chips. Had 5 slices thin ham and about 8 chips for £10.95. For me only negative in a great find."
A Traveller, Dec 2016, GB
The Hunters Moon - Inn
Excellent 4.5 / 5 ( 40 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
12 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Business trip, solo traveller. Made to feel welcome by friendly, helpful staff. Good choice of food. Also pet friendly......may come back for a weekend break with my dog !"
A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB
Hotels within 8 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
Royal Yeoman B&B
Excellent 4.3 / 5 ( 10 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Good location and stay. Our room was on the road side, so there was some road noise, but didn't bother us at night with window closed. There was a lovely pub about 2 miles south, just off the highway in Stratton. Excellent food. Breakfast room was very good, as was the food. Staff was very w..."
W, Sep 2016, CA
Hotels within 10 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
Summer Lodge Country House Hotel, Restaurant and Spa
Outstanding 5.0 / 5 ( 20 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
236 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"The room, facilities, food, situation, and amazing gardens are wonderful, but even with all this the truly outstanding feature that puts this hotel head and shoulders above others were the friendly, helpful, professional staff who were more than prepared to cheerfully go the extra mile for their ..."
S, Oct 2016, US
Hotels within 11 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
The Fox Inn
Excellent 4.4 / 5 ( 91 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great place good food except the sausages with breakfast were awful!!!! Would stay again though, just wouldn't have the sausages!!"
A Traveller, Nov 2016, GB
Hotels within 12 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
Best Western Wessex Royale Hotel
Excellent 4.2 / 5 ( 69 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
33 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Very good overall, did the job that I wanted, very handy for the centre of Dorchester."
A Traveller, Dec 2016, GB
Bay Tree House - B&B
Excellent 4.6 / 5 ( 68 genuine reviews )
Top-rated for business travelers
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9 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The owners went out of their way to accommodate us."
A Traveller, Nov 2016, GB
The Oak at Dewlish
Excellent 4.3 / 5 ( 16 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Lovely Inn, beautiful part of the world. Food good and staff friendly. Bathroom a little tight and could do with a blind on the window.."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, GB
The Sydney Arms
Good 3.4 / 5 ( 39 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Spent three days here,had a great time,the staff are helpful and easy to get on with Barry the manager helped to show where the local places of interest are. "
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
Westwood Guest House
Outstanding 4.9 / 5 ( 54 genuine reviews )
Top-rated for families
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4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Westwood House is delightful with many thoughtful extras to complement the excellent rooms and ensuites. The breakfast choices are well thought out and delicious. The owners are always helpful and make staying there a pleasure."
A Traveller, Nov 2016, GB
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Hotels within 13 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
Munden House
Outstanding 4.8 / 5 ( 9 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Stayed only for a couple of days in the summer house. We did arrive a bit late but were met by Jeremy who was looking after the place for the owners while they were away. He was brilliant and so helpfull. The summer house is great "room". Jeremy had put the heating on low before our arrival so it..."
A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB
The Brewers Arms
Outstanding 4.9 / 5 ( 19 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Perfect location for exploring Hardy Country and with easy access to the coast. This was a friendly and comfortable stay. Staff went out of their way to ensure we were well cared for. Food in the pub was excellent and the accommodation units were well equipped and very comfortable. I would reco..."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, GB
Wooden Cabbage House
Outstanding 5.0 / 5 ( 2 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
3 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Wooden Cabbage is gorgeous. It's in an idyllic spot, hidden away in the Dorset countryside with breathtaking views over the surrounding valley. Martin and Susie are perfect hosts and, although it's in the middle of nowhere, there's a good choice of really excellent places to eat within a ten-mile..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, GB
Hotels within 15 kilometers of Cerne Abbas Giant
Heathcote House
Outstanding 5.0 / 5 ( 4 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
8 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"It was a large room; we had the two of us, our 3 year old on a ZBed, our 1 year old in a cot and the sofa without it feeling crowded; there was a bath with shower in the large en-suite. Slept very well in a very comfortable bed, and went down to a delicious breakfast. The owner was very friendly ..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, GB
Hambro Arms
Excellent 4.3 / 5 ( 3 genuine reviews ) Hotels.com™ RewardsFor every 10 nights, get 1 free*!
8 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"The town is very nice and the people are all very friendly. The breakfast had many options and the staff was willing to make adjustments to the breakfast depending on your preference. "
A Traveller, Jul 2016, GB
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3 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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Cerne Abbas Giant hotels - Dorset (county)
Cerne Abbas Giant is situated in the Dorset (county) area, United Kingdom
Whether it's a cheap Cerne Abbas Giant hotel, a 5 star Cerne Abbas Giant hotel or a family friendly Cerne Abbas Giant hotel, Hotels.com has the best accommodation for your stay.
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Our map based hotel search can be accessed from the above map image on this page (or via standard search results) and with the locations of each hotel shown clearly around Cerne Abbas Giant you're able to refine your search within Dorset (county) or United Kingdom based upon other nearby landmarks and neighbourhoods as well as transport options to help you get around. If you're driving be sure to also check the hotels for onsite parking.
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| Dorset |
Which car manufacturer produces the models Ghibli and Levante? | Cerne Giant | National Trust
National Trust
The huge chalk figure is best viewed from above National Trust Images/ Ray Gaffney
It's a bracing climb up Giants Hill but the views from the top are fantastic National Trust
Ancient naked figure sculpted into the chalk hillside above Cerne Abbas
Things to see and do
The surrounding countryside is rural Dorset at its finest National Trust
Explore the Cerne Valley
The giant overlooks the thriving village of Cerne Abbas, which is the centre for visiting and exploring the local area. The surrounding countryside lies in the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Yes, there's plenty more to the Cerne Valley than the iconic giant.
Places nearby
Dorset's largest hill fort renowned for its downland wildlife
Give
General
Set on a rolling hillside above the picturesque village of Cerne Abbas
Enjoy a gentle stroll along footpaths leading up to the Cerne Giant from Cerne Abbas and the viewing area off the main road
To avoid damage and erosion, access to the giant is restricted
Free parking in A352 lay-by (not NT). Suitable for coaches
Public toilets in Cerne Abbas village
There is a picnic area a short walk away from the viewing point at the car park
There are several public houses and tea rooms in Cerne Abbas village
Dogs are welcome, but please keep them on leads
Information point detailing some of the history and wildlife you can see here
Family
The grassy hillside is a great place to discover butterflies and wild flowers in summer
Accessibility
The car park is on flat, level tarmac and has one designated accessible parking space
A viewing area is located in the car park and offers the best view of the giant
The picnic area is a short distance from the car park, accessible along a grass verge
The giant itself is on a very steep slope along a mixture of grass and chalk surfaces. It can get very muddy after wet weather
Cerne Giant
Ancient naked figure sculpted into the chalk hillside above Cerne Abbas
Standing at 180ft tall, this is Britain's largest chalk hill figure. It is also our most controversial.
Many theories surround the giant's identity. Is it an ancient symbol of spirituality? The Greco-Roman hero Hercules? Or a mockery of Oliver Cromwell? Local folklore has long held it to be an aid to fertility.
Above the Cerne Giant is a rectangular earthwork enclosure, known as the Trendle.
Like the giant, the Trendle is of unknown origin, but it is believed to date back to the Iron Age. It is still used today by local Morris Dancers as a site for May Day celebrations.
Telephone
Cerne Abbas, Dorset, DT2 7AL
By cycle
National Cycle Network route 26 between Castle Cary and Dorchester, mainly on quiet roads with some traffic-free sections heading into Dorchester. From Dorchester it's 8 miles along a quiet, but rough and uneven road to Cerne Abbas.
Cycle route information
On foot
From the centre of Cerne Abbas village it is a gentle ¼ mile walk along a sign-posted footpath to the Cerne Giant viewing area.The Wessex Ridgeway passes 1 mile from the Cerne Giant and is linked by quiet roads and other footpaths. It is a long-distance trail running along ancient trackways from Marlborough in Wiltshire to Lyme Regis on the Dorset coast.
By train
Maiden Newton train station 6 miles, Dorchester West train station and Dorchester South train station, both 8 miles away.
By road
Sign-posted just off the A352, 8 miles north of Dorchester and 10 miles south of Sherbourne.
By bus
Bus service Damory Coaches 216 between Dorchester and Sherborne stops at the Cerne Giant viewing area and car park, and Cerne Abbas village. It runs on weekdays only.
Cerne Giant
Admission free
What is Gift Aid?
Most of our places run the Gift Aid on Entry scheme at their admission points. Under this scheme, if you're not a member you have the choice of two entry tickets:
Gift Aid Admission or
Standard admission
If the place runs Gift Aid on Entry, we'll offer you the Gift Aid Admission prices. But it's entirely up to you which ticket you choose. If you want the Standard Admission instead, just let us know when you come to pay.
Gift Aid Admission includes a 10 per cent or more voluntary donation. Gift Aid Admissions let us reclaim tax on the whole amount paid* — an extra 25 per cent — potentially a very significant boost to our places' funds.
An extra £1 paid under the scheme can be worth over £3 to the National Trust as shown below: Payment of the additional percentage donation is entirely voluntary, so if you prefer to pay the standard admission please advise our reception staff at the till point.
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Which actor plays the part of John Snow in the TV series Game of Thrones? | Kit Harington - IMDb
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17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC
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Actor | Producer | Soundtrack
Kit Harington was born Christopher Catesby Harington in Acton, London, to Deborah Jane (Catesby), a former playwright, and David Richard Harington, a businessman. His mother named him after 16th century British playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe, whose first name was shortened to Kit, a name Harington prefers. Harington's uncle is Sir ... See full bio »
Born:
| Kit Harington |
How many symphonies did Mozart write? | Jon Snow (Character)
Jon Snow (Character)
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Where would you find the Tomb of the Venerable Bede? | The Venerable Bede - Durham World Heritage Site
The Venerable Bede
The Venerable Bede
Bede was known as the Father of English History. How did he come to gain that title?
Who Was the Venerable Bede?
The Venerable Bede – also known as St Bede – is widely regarded as the greatest of all the Anglo-Saxon scholars. He lived and died in between the twin monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow in the North East of England between 673 and 735 AD and wrote or translated some forty books on practically every area of knowledge, including nature, astronomy, and poetry. He also wrote the first martyrology (a chronicle about the lives of the saints).
However, his most famous writing was on theology and history and his best known work is The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
Read more about the Life and Death of Bede .
Why Was the Venerable Bede Important?
Although Bede was a polymath and religious figure who described himself as having “devoted [his] energies to the study of the scriptures, observing monastic discipline, and singing the daily services in church” and for whom “study, teaching, and writing had always been [his] delight", he is remembered today as the earliest English historian, whose work has shed light on a period of English history that would have otherwise been unknown.
He is often referred to as ‘The Father of English History.’
Bede’s Association with Durham
The Venerable Bede’s bones have been in Durham Cathedral since 1022. They were brought from Jarrow by a monk called Alfred who had them buried alongside Cuthbert’s relics, where they remained until they were moved to the Cathedral’s Galilee Chapel in the 14th century.
Why is Bede called the ‘Venerable’ ?
In fact, ‘the Venerable Bede’ comes from the Latin inscription on Bede’s tomb in Durham Cathedral, reading:
HIC SUNT IN FOSSA BEDAE VENERABILIS OSSA
Here are buried the bones of the Venerable Bede
Bede's tomb in Durham Cathedral.
© Durham Cathedral and Jarrold Publishing
| Durham Cathedral |
"Which actor spoke the line ""I love the smell of napalm in the morning* in the 1979 film Apocalypse Now?" | Venerable Bede - A Profile of Bede
By Robert Wilde
Updated November 06, 2015.
The Venerable Bede was a British monk whose works in theology, history, chronology, poetry and biography have led him to be accepted at the greatest scholar of the early medieval era. Bede is most famous for producing the Historia ecclesiastica (Ecclesiastical History), a source essential for our understanding of the Anglo-Saxons and the Christianisation of Britain in the era before William and the Norman Conquest , earning him the title of 'the Father of English history.'
Details:
Title: Saint Bede the Venerable
Born: 672/3
Died: May 25 735, Jarrow, Northumbria, UK
Canonized: 1899, feast day on May 25
Childhood:
Little is known of Bede's childhood, other than he was born to parents living on land belonging to the newly founded Monastery of St. Peter, based in Wearmouth, to which Bede was given by relatives for a monastic education when he was seven. Initially in the care of Abbot Benedict , Bede's teaching was taken over by Ceolfrith, with whom Bede moved to the monastery's new twin-house at Jarrow in 681.
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The Life of Ceolfrith suggests that here only the young Bede and Ceolfrith survived a plague which devastated the settlement. However, in the aftermath of the plague the new house regrew and continued. Both houses were in the kingdom of Northumbria.
Adult Life:
Bede spent the rest of his life as a monk at Jarrow, first being taught and then teaching to the daily rhythms of monastic rule: for Bede, a mixture of prayer and study. He was ordained as a Deacon aged 19 – at a time when Deacons were supposed to be 25 or over – and a priest aged 30. Indeed, historians believe Bede left Jarrow only twice in his relatively long life, to visit Lindisfarne and York. While his letters contain hints of other visits, there isn't any real evidence and he certainly never traveled far.
Works:
Monasteries were nodes of scholarship in early medieval Europe, and there is nothing surprising in the fact that Bede, an intelligent, pious and educated man, used his learning, life of study and house library to produce a large body of writing. What was unusual was the sheer breadth, depth and quality of the fifty plus works he produced, covering scientific and chronological matters, history and biography and, perhaps as expected, scriptural commentary. As befitted the greatest scholar of his era, Bede had the chance to become Prior of Jarrow, and perhaps more, but turned the jobs down as they would interfere with his study.
The Theologian:
Bede's biblical commentaries – in which he interpreted the bible mainly as an allegory, applied criticism and tried to solve discrepancies – were extremely popular in the early medieval period, being copied and spread – along with Bede's reputation – widely across the monasteries of Europe. This dissemination was helped by the school of Archbishop Egbert of York, one of Bede's pupils, and later by a student of this school, Alcuin , who became head of Charlemagne 's palace school and played a key role in the ' Carolingian Renaissance '. Bede took the Latin and Greek of the early church manuscripts and turned them into something the secular elites of the Anglo Saxon world could deal with, helping them accept the faith and spread the church.
The Chronologist:
Bede's two chronological works - De temporibus (On Times) and De temporum ratione (On the Reckoning of Time) were concerned with establishing the dates of Easter. Along with his histories, these still affect our style of dating: when equating the number of the year with the year of Jesus Christ's life, Bede invented the use of A.D. , 'The Year Of Our Lord'. In stark contrast to 'dark age' cliches, Bede also knew the world was round, the moon affected tides and appreciated observational science.
The Historian:
In 731/2 Bede completed the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, the Ecclesiastical History of the English People. An account of Britain between the landings of Julius Caesar in 55/54 BC and St. Augustine in 597 AD, it's the key source on the christianisation of Britain, a mixture of sophisticated historiography and religious messages containing details simply not found elsewhere. As such, it now overshadows his other historical, indeed all his other, works and is on of the key documents in the entire field of British history. It's also lovely to read.
Death and Reputation:
Bede died in 785 and was buried at Jarrow before being re-interred inside Durham Cathedral (at time of writing the Bede's World museum in Jarrow have a cast of his cranium on display.) He was already renowned among his peers, being described by a Bishop Boniface as having "shone forth as a lantern in the world by his scriptural commentary", but is now regarded as the greatest and most multi-talented scholar of the early medieval era, perhaps of the entire medieval era. Bede was sainted in 1899. Bede was declared 'venerable' by the church in 836, and the word is given on his tomb in Durham Cathedral: Hic sunt in fossa bedae venerabilis ossa (Here are buried the bones of the Venerable Bede.)
Bede on Bede:
The Historia ecclesiastica finishes with a short account of Bede about himself and a list of his many works (and is actually the key source about his life that we, much later historians, have to work with):
"Thus much of the Ecclesiastical History of Britain, and more especially of the English nation, as far as I could learn either from the writings of the ancients, or the tradition of our ancestors, or of my own knowledge, has, with the help of God, been digested by me, Bede, the servant of God, and priest of the monastery of the blessed apostles, Peter and Paul, which is at Wearmouth and Jarrow; who being born in the territory of that same monastery, was given, at seven years of age, to be educated by the most reverend Abbot Benedict, and afterwards by Ceolfrid; and spending all the remaining time of my life in that monastery, I wholly applied myself to the study of Scripture, and amidst the observance of regular discipline, and the daily care of singing in the church, I always took delight in learning, teaching, and writing. In the nineteenth year of my age, I received deacon's orders; in the thirtieth, those of the priesthood, both of them by the ministry of the most reverend Bishop John, and by the order of the Abbot Ceolfrid. From which time, till the fifty-ninth year of my age, I have made it my business, for the use of me and mine, to compile out of the works of the venerable Fathers, and to interpret and explain according to their meaning..."
Cited from Bede, the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, "translator not clearly indicated (But it seems to be L.C. Jane's 1903 Temple Classics translation)", Internet Medieval Source Book.
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With which instrument is Jazz musician Miles Davis most associated with? | Miles Davis | Biography & History | AllMusic
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Artist Biography by William Ruhlmann
Throughout a professional career lasting 50 years, Miles Davis played the trumpet in a lyrical, introspective, and melodic style, often employing a stemless Harmon mute to make his sound more personal and intimate. But if his approach to his instrument was constant, his approach to jazz was dazzlingly protean. To examine his career is to examine the history of jazz from the mid-'40s to the early '90s, since he was in the thick of almost every important innovation and stylistic development in the music during that period, and he often led the way in those changes, both with his own performances and recordings and by choosing sidemen and collaborators who forged new directions. It can even be argued that jazz stopped evolving when Davis wasn't there to push it forward.
Davis was the son of a dental surgeon, Dr. Miles Dewey Davis, Jr., and a music teacher, Cleota Mae (Henry) Davis, and grew up in the black middle class of East St. Louis after the family moved there shortly after his birth. He became interested in music during his childhood and by the age of 12 began taking trumpet lessons. While still in high school, he started to get jobs playing in local bars and at 16 was playing gigs out of town on weekends. At 17, he joined Eddie Randle's Blue Devils, a territory band based in St. Louis. He enjoyed a personal apotheosis in 1944, just after graduating from high school, when he saw and was allowed to sit in with Billy Eckstine 's big band, which was playing in St. Louis. The band featured trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and saxophonist Charlie Parker , the architects of the emerging bebop style of jazz, which was characterized by fast, inventive soloing and dynamic rhythm variations.
It is striking that Davis fell so completely under Gillespie and Parker 's spell, since his own slower and less flashy style never really compared to theirs. But bebop was the new sound of the day, and the young trumpeter was bound to follow it. He did so by leaving the Midwest to attend the Institute of Musical Art in New York City (renamed Juilliard) in September 1944. Shortly after his arrival in Manhattan, he was playing in clubs with Parker , and by 1945 he had abandoned his academic studies for a full-time career as a jazz musician, initially joining Benny Carter 's band and making his first recordings as a sideman. He played with Eckstine in 1946-1947 and was a member of Parker 's group in 1947-1948, making his recording debut as a leader on a 1947 session that featured Parker , pianist John Lewis , bassist Nelson Boyd , and drummer Max Roach . This was an isolated date, however, and Davis spent most of his time playing and recording behind Parker . But in the summer of 1948, he organized a nine-piece band with an unusual horn section. In addition to himself, it featured an alto saxophone, a baritone saxophone, a trombone, a French horn, and a tuba. This nonet, employing arrangements by Gil Evans and others, played for two weeks at the Royal Roost in New York in September. Earning a contract with Capitol Records, the band went into the studio in January 1949 for the first of three sessions and produced 12 tracks that attracted little attention at first. The band's relaxed sound, however, affected the musicians who played it, among them Kai Winding , Lee Konitz , Gerry Mulligan , John Lewis , J.J. Johnson , and Kenny Clarke , and it had a profound influence on the development of the cool jazz style on the West Coast. (In February 1957, Capitol finally issued the tracks together on an LP called Birth of the Cool .)
Davis , meanwhile, had moved on to co-leading a band with pianist Tadd Dameron in 1949, and the group took him out of the country for an appearance at the Paris Jazz Festival in May. But the trumpeter's progress was impeded by an addiction to heroin that plagued him in the early '50s. His performances and recordings became more haphazard, but in January 1951 he began a long series of recordings for the Prestige label that became his main recording outlet for the next several years. He managed to kick his habit by the middle of the decade, and he made a strong impression playing "'Round Midnight" at the Newport Jazz Festival in July 1955, a performance that led major-label Columbia to sign him. The prestigious contract allowed him to put together a permanent band, and he organized a quintet featuring saxophonist John Coltrane , pianist Red Garland , bassist Paul Chambers , and drummer Philly Joe Jones , who began recording his Columbia debut, 'Round About Midnight , in October.
As it happened, however, he had a remaining five albums on his Prestige contract, and over the next year he was forced to alternate his Columbia sessions with sessions for Prestige to fulfill this previous commitment. The latter resulted in the Prestige albums The New Miles Davis Quintet , Cookin' , Workin' , Relaxin' , and Steamin' , making Davis ' first quintet one of his better-documented outfits. In May 1957, just three months after Capitol released the Birth of the Cool LP, Davis again teamed with arranger Gil Evans for his second Columbia LP, Miles Ahead . Playing flügelhorn, Davis fronted a big band on music that extended the Birth of the Cool concept and even had classical overtones. Released in 1958, the album was later inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, intended to honor recordings made before the Grammy Awards were instituted in 1959.
In December 1957, Davis returned to Paris, where he improvised the background music for the film L'Ascenseur pour l'Echafaud . Jazz Track , an album containing this music, earned him a 1960 Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Performance, Solo or Small Group. He added saxophonist Cannonball Adderley to his group, creating the Miles Davis Sextet , which recorded Milestones in April 1958. Shortly after this recording, Red Garland was replaced on piano by Bill Evans and Jimmy Cobb took over for Philly Joe Jones on drums. In July, Davis again collaborated with Gil Evans and an orchestra on an album of music from Porgy and Bess . Back in the sextet, Davis began to experiment with modal playing, basing his improvisations on scales rather than chord changes.
This led to his next band recording, Kind of Blue , in March and April 1959, an album that became a landmark in modern jazz and the most popular album of Davis ' career, eventually selling over two million copies, a phenomenal success for a jazz record. In sessions held in November 1959 and March 1960, Davis again followed his pattern of alternating band releases and collaborations with Gil Evans , recording Sketches of Spain , containing traditional Spanish music and original compositions in that style. The album earned Davis and Evans Grammy nominations in 1960 for Best Jazz Performance, Large Group, and Best Jazz Composition, More Than 5 Minutes; they won in the latter category.
By the time Davis returned to the studio to make his next band album in March 1961, Adderley had departed, Wynton Kelly had replaced Bill Evans at the piano, and John Coltrane had left to begin his successful solo career, being replaced by saxophonist Hank Mobley (following the brief tenure of Sonny Stitt ). Nevertheless, Coltrane guested on a couple of tracks of the album, called Someday My Prince Will Come . The record made the pop charts in March 1962, but it was preceded into the best-seller lists by the Davis quintet's next recording, the two-LP set Miles Davis in Person (Friday & Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, San Francisco) , recorded in April. The following month, Davis recorded another live show, as he and his band were joined by an orchestra led by Gil Evans at Carnegie Hall in May. The resulting Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall was his third LP to reach the pop charts, and it earned Davis and Evans a 1962 Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Performance by a Large Group, Instrumental. Davis and Evans teamed up again in 1962 for what became their final collaboration, Quiet Nights . The album was not issued until 1964, when it reached the charts and earned a Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance by a Large Group or Soloist with Large Group.
In 1996, Columbia Records released a six-CD box set, Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings , that won the Grammy for Best Historical Album. Quiet Nights was preceded into the marketplace by Davis ' next band effort, Seven Steps to Heaven , recorded in the spring of 1963 with an entirely new lineup consisting of saxophonist George Coleman , pianist Victor Feldman , bassist Ron Carter , and drummer Frank Butler . During the sessions, Feldman was replaced by Herbie Hancock and Butler by Tony Williams . The album found Davis making a transition to his next great group, of which Carter , Hancock , and Williams would be members. It was another pop chart entry that earned 1963 Grammy nominations for both Best Instrumental Jazz Performance by a Soloist or Small Group and Best Instrumental Jazz Performance by a Large Group. The quintet followed with two live albums, Miles Davis in Europe , recorded in July 1963, which made the pop charts and earned a 1964 Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance by a Small Group or Soloist with Small Group, and My Funny Valentine , recorded in February 1964 and released in 1965, when it reached the pop charts.
By September 1964, the final member of the classic Miles Davis Quintet of the '60s was in place with the addition of saxophonist Wayne Shorter to the team of Davis , Carter , Hancock , and Williams . While continuing to play standards in concert, this unit embarked on a series of albums of original compositions contributed by the bandmembers themselves, starting in January 1965 with E.S.P. , followed by Miles Smiles (1967 Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance by a Small Group or Soloist with Small Group [7 or Fewer]), Sorcerer , Nefertiti , Miles in the Sky (1968 Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance by a Small Group or Soloist with Small Group), and Filles de Kilimanjaro . By the time of Miles in the Sky , the group had begun to turn to electric instruments, presaging Davis ' next stylistic turn. By the final sessions for Filles de Kilimanjaro in September 1968, Hancock had been replaced by Chick Corea and Carter by Dave Holland . But Hancock , along with pianist Joe Zawinul and guitarist John McLaughlin , participated on Davis ' next album, In a Silent Way (1969), which returned the trumpeter to the pop charts for the first time in four years and earned him another small-group jazz performance Grammy nomination. With his next album, Bitches Brew , Davis turned more overtly to a jazz-rock style. Though certainly not conventional rock music, Davis ' electrified sound attracted a young, non-jazz audience while putting off traditional jazz fans.
Bitches Brew , released in March 1970, reached the pop Top 40 and became Davis ' first album to be certified gold. It also earned a Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Arrangement and won the Grammy for large-group jazz performance. He followed it with such similar efforts as Miles Davis at Fillmore East (1971 Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Performance by a Group), A Tribute to Jack Johnson , Live-Evil , On the Corner , and In Concert , all of which reached the pop charts. Meanwhile, Davis ' former sidemen became his disciples in a series of fusion groups: Corea formed Return to Forever , Shorter and Zawinul led Weather Report , and McLaughlin and former Davis drummer Billy Cobham organized the Mahavishnu Orchestra . Starting in October 1972, when he broke his ankles in a car accident, Davis became less active in the early '70s, and in 1975 he gave up recording entirely due to illness, undergoing surgery for hip replacement later in the year. Five years passed before he returned to action by recording The Man with the Horn in 1980 and going back to touring in 1981.
By now, he was an elder statesman of jazz, and his innovations had been incorporated into the music, at least by those who supported his eclectic approach. He was also a celebrity whose appeal extended far beyond the basic jazz audience. He performed on the worldwide jazz festival circuit and recorded a series of albums that made the pop charts, including We Want Miles (1982 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance by a Soloist), Star People , Decoy , and You're Under Arrest . In 1986, after 30 years with Columbia, he switched to Warner Bros. and released Tutu , which won him his fourth Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance.
Aura , an album he had recorded in 1984, was released by Columbia in 1989 and brought him his fifth Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance by a Soloist (on a Jazz Recording). Davis surprised jazz fans when, on July 8, 1991, he joined an orchestra led by Quincy Jones at the Montreux Jazz Festival to perform some of the arrangements written for him in the late '50s by Gil Evans ; he had never previously looked back at an aspect of his career. He died of pneumonia, respiratory failure, and a stroke within months. Doo-Bop , his last studio album, appeared in 1992. It was a collaboration with rapper Easy Mo Bee , and it won a Grammy for Best Rhythm & Blues Instrumental Performance, with the track "Fantasy" nominated for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo. Released in 1993, Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux won Davis his seventh Grammy for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance.
Miles Davis took an all-inclusive, constantly restless approach to jazz that had begun to fall out of favor by the time of his death, even as it earned him controversy during his lifetime. It was hard to recognize the bebop acolyte of Charlie Parker in the flamboyantly dressed leader with the hair extensions who seemed to keep one foot on a wah-wah pedal and one hand on an electric keyboard in his later years. But he did much to popularize jazz, reversing the trend away from commercial appeal that bebop started. And whatever the fripperies and explorations, he retained an ability to play moving solos that endeared him to audiences and demonstrated his affinity with tradition. He is a reminder of the music's essential quality of boundless invention, using all available means. Twenty-four years after Davis ' death, he was the subject of Miles Ahead, a biopic co-written and directed by Don Cheadle , who also portrayed him. Its soundtrack functioned as a career overview with additional music provided by pianist Robert Glasper and associates. Additionally, Glasper enlisted many of his collaborators to help record Everything's Beautiful , a separate release that incorporated Davis ' master recordings and outtakes into new compositions.
| Trumpet |
"""Nil Satis Nisi Optimum"" or ""Nothing but the Best* is the motto of which Premiership Football Club?" | Biography | Miles Davis
Biography Born: May 26, 1926 Died: September 28, 1991
MILES DAVIS: 2016
Miles Davis – legendary trumpeter and bandleader, explorer of unknown musical paths and enduring icon of hip – would be celebrating his 90th birthday this year had he not departed in 1991. Yet by all measure his sound and stature is more alive than ever. The news of a major musical collection covering twenty years of historic live performances, and a full-length motion picture have already generated headlines and other major media attention. A number of other projects are afoot as well, promising to add more interest to and raise his legacy higher than ever.
Immediately out of the gate is the release of Miles Davis at Newport 1955-1975: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4, a 4-CD collection featuring primarily never before released performances from a twenty-year period when the trumpeter delivered groundbreaking music every time he hit the stage at an event under the Newport banner. The set includes Davis performing in the company of his most influential groups, from his Kind of Blue sextet (John Coltrane, Bill Evans, Cannonball Adderley, Paul Chambers, Jimmy Cobb); his classic 1960s quintet (Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Tony Williams) and his two-guitar fusion ensemble of the mid-‘70s (Pete Cosey, Reggie Lucas, Dave Liebman, Michael Henderson, Al Foster, Mtume). Produced by Columbia/Legacy Recordings, a division of Sony Music Entertainment, the historic release arrived on July 17, 2015 – 60 years to the date since Davis’ premiere performance at Newport in 1955 when he performed “’Round Midnight” in the company of an all-star band (Thelonious Monk, Gerry Mulligan, Zoot Sims, Percy Heath, Connie Kay), inspiring Columbia Records to sign the trumpeter and initiating a thirty-year run of classic recordings.
In addition, the 2015 Newport Jazz Festival paid tribute to Miles’ fruitful relationship with the annual event, and his enduring friendship with jazz impresario George Wein, whom he first met in 1952 when they were both beginning to make names for themselves. Many groups performing on the stages at Fort McAdams played tunes written by or associated with Miles, and Grammy Award®-winning author and music historian Ashley Kahn curated two seminars each day on the renowned trumpet player at the festival’s new Storyville stage.
Miles Ahead is the title of the major motion picture co-written and co-produced by actor/director Don Cheadle, along with Miles’ nephew Vince Wilburn, Jr. and his son Erin Davis. The film tells the story of a few dangerous days in the life of music icon Miles Davis (played by Cheadle), the virtuoso, fighter and genius, as he bursts out of his silent period and conspires with a Rolling Stone writer (Ewan McGregor) to steal back his music. The film was funded in part through crowd funding on social media, and has been popular, introducing the trumpeter and his legacy to another generation. The score for the film — featuring both recreations of Miles’ classic performances, as well as original music channeling contemporary styles and sounds — has already achieved critical praise as Cheadle recruited keyboardist, composer and producer Robert Glasper to compose additional music for the film, along with the legendary Herbie Hancock as consultant. Other well-known musicians and Miles’ alumni participating in the film include Wayne Shorter, Esperanza Spalding, Gary Clark, Jr. and Antonio Sanchez, while Glasper is also working on a remix project of the original soundtrack music.
Over six full decades, from his arrival on the national scene in 1945 until his death in 1991, Miles Davis made music that grew from an uncanny talent to hear the future and a headstrong desire to play it. From his beginnings in the circle of modern jazz, he came to intuit new worlds of sound and challenge. While the vast majority of musicians – jazz, rock, R&B, otherwise – find the experimental charge and imperviousness of youth eventually running down, Miles forever forged ahead, trusting and following instinct until the end.
In doing so, Miles became the standard bearer for successive generations of musicians, shaped the course of modern improvisational music more than a half-dozen times. This biography attempts to explain those paradigm-shifts one after another, through his recordings and major life changes.
The factors leading to that process are now the foundation of the Miles Davis legend: the dentist’s son born in 1926 to middle-class comfort in East St Louis. The fresh acolyte learning trumpet in the fertile, blues-drenched music scene of his hometown. The sensitive soul forging a seething streetwise exterior that later earned him the title, Prince Of Darkness. The determined teenager convincing his parents to send him to New York’s famed Juilliard School of Music in 1944, a ploy allowing him to locate and join the band of his idol, bebop pioneer Charlie Parker.
It wasn’t long before the headstrong young arrival grew from sideman to leading his own projects and bands of renown, from the restrained, classical underpinning of the famous “Birth of the Cool” group (Miles’ first foray with arranger Gil Evans), to the blues-infused hardbop anthem “Walkin’”, to his first famous quintet (Coltrane, Chambers, Red Garland, Philly Joe Jones) with whom his recordings on muted trumpet helped him develop a signature sound that broke through to mainstream recognition. His subsequent jump from recording with independent labels (Prestige, Blue Note) to Columbia Records, then the Tiffany of record companies, propelled his career further from a limited jazz audience and a series of late ‘50s albums (Miles Ahead, Porgy & Bess, Miles Ahead, Kind of Blue and Sketches of Spain) secured his widespread popularity.
Miles’ group shifted and morphed through the early ‘60s until he settled for a four-year run with his classic quintet, a lineup that is still hailed today as one of the greatest and most influential jazz groups of all time. Their albums together — from Miles Smiles, ESP and Nefertiti, to Miles In The Sky, and Filles de Kilimanjaro — traced a pattern of unparalleled growth and innovation.
Had Miles stopped his progress at that point, he’d still be hailed as one of the greatest pioneers in jazz, but his creative momentum from the end of the ‘60s into the ‘70s would not let up. He was listening to the world around him — the amplified explosion of rock bands and the new, heavy-on-the-one funk of James Brown and Sly & The Family Stone. From the ambient hush of In A Silent Way, to the strange and unsettling – yet wildly popular Bitches Brew, he achieved another shift in musical paradigm and a personal career breakthrough.
Bitches Brew was controversial, a best-seller and attracted another, younger generation into the Miles fold. Thousands whose musical taste respected no categorical walls flocked to hear Miles, and a slew of fusion bands were soon spawned, led by his former sidemen: Weather Report, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return To Forever. The studio albums that defined Miles’ kaleidoscopic sound in the ‘70s included a series of (mostly) double albums, from …Brew to 1971’s Live-Evil, ‘72’s On The Corner and ‘75’s Get Up With It. The covers listed populous line-ups that reached up to 11 musicians, adding new names to an ever-widening circle of on-call talent.
By the end of 1975, Miles was tired – and sick. A period of seclusion ensued, full years to deal with personal demons and health issues, bouncing between bouts of self-abuse and boredom. It was the longest time Miles had been off the public radar – only amplifying the appetite for his return.
When Miles reappeared in 1981, expectation had reached fever pitch. A final series of albums for Columbia reflected his continuing fascination with funk of the day (Rose Royce, Cameo, Chaka Khan and later, Prince), and the sounds of synthesizer and drum machines (Great Miles Shift Number 8). The Man With A Horn, We Want Miles and Decoy found him still working with Teo Macero and still surrounding himself with young talent, including bassist Darryl Jones (Rolling Stones). In 1985, his album You’re Under Arrest — with unexpected covers of recent pop charters (Michael Jackson’s “Human Nature” and Cyndi Lauper’s “Time After Time”) – brought the long Davis-Columbia association to a close. He embarked on a new relationship with Warner Bros. Records and producer Tommy LiPuma, scoring successes with Tutu (written in a large part by his bassist Marcus Miller), Music from Siesta (also with Miller), Amandla (featuring a new breed of soloists, including alto saxophonist Kenny Garrett, tenor saxophonist Rick Margitza, guitarist Jean-Paul Bourelly, keyboardist Joey DeFrancesco, and others) and Doo-Bop (his collaboration with hip hop producer Easy Moe Bee.)
Those titles proved Miles’ farewell, still pushing forward, still exploring new musical territory. Throughout his career, he had always resisted looking back, avoiding nostalgia and loathing leftovers. “It’s more like warmed-over turkey,” the eternal modernist described the music of Kind of Blue twenty-five years after recording it. Ironically, in 1991, only weeks after performing a career-overview concert in Paris that featured old friends and collaborators from as early as the ‘40s, he died from a brain aneurysm.
Like his music, Miles always spoke with an economy of expression. And for Miles, it had to be fresh, or forget it. “I don’t want you to like me because of Kind of Blue,” he insisted. “Like me for what we’re doing now.”
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Which musical festival was founded by John Christie in 1934 in East Sussex? | Sir George William Langham Christie | British opera festival director | Britannica.com
Sir George William Langham Christie
British opera festival director
Originally published in the Britannica Book of the Year. Presented as archival content.
Sir George William Langham Christie
British opera festival director
Glyndebourne , England
Sir George William Langham Christie, (born Dec. 31, 1934, Glyndebourne, near Lewes, East Sussex, Eng.—died May 7, 2014, Glyndebourne), British opera festival director who was for more than four decades (1958–99) the guiding force behind the privately operated Glyndebourne Festival, the annual summer opera festival founded in 1934 by his father, John Christie, on the family’s country estate in East Sussex. During his tenure as chairman of Glyndebourne Productions, Christie established (1968) the Glyndebourne Touring Opera, oversaw the expansion of the production repertoire to include modern works, and commissioned the construction (1992–94) of an acclaimed 1,200-seat opera house to replace the aging 300-seat theatre (later expanded to 850 seats) that his father had established as Britain’s first purpose-built opera house. Christie was born just seven months after his pregnant mother, soprano Audrey Mildmay, sang the role of Susanna in Mozart’s Le nozze de Figaro in the festival’s inaugural performance on May 28, 1934. He followed his father’s educational path to Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, but left the university without graduating. He took charge of the family-run festival at the age of 23 when ill health prevented his father from continuing (his father died in 1962). Christie devoted his life to private fund-raising to support the festival, the touring company, and the new theatre. At the end of 1999 he handed over his position of executive chairman to his second son, Gus. Christie was knighted in 1984, and in 2002 he was made a Companion of Honour (an order to which his father had been appointed in 1954).
| Glyndebourne |
"Who wrote the song ""God bless America""?" | Glyndebourne festival - definition of Glyndebourne festival by The Free Dictionary
Glyndebourne festival - definition of Glyndebourne festival by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Glyndebourne+festival
Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia .
Glyndebourne
(ˈɡlaɪndˌbɔːn)
n
(Placename) an estate in SE England, in East Sussex: site of a famous annual festival of opera founded in 1934 by John Christie
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References in periodicals archive ?
Future engagements include leading roles at the ZE-rich Opera House, the Glyndebourne Festival Opera, the Royal Opera House Covent Garden and the Norwegian Opera.
Norway : Soprano from Stokke is the winner: Lise Davidsen wins NOK 1 million grant
The soloists for the concert are mezzo-soprano Marta Fontanals-Simmons, who recently joined the Glyndebourne Festival chorus and has appeared with Mid Wales Opera; bass Gavin Horsley, currently musical director at St Augustine's, Kensington, who recently performed in The Armed Man: A Mass for Peace at the Royal Festival Hall; former Hudders-field University music student Emma Smith, a member of the chorus of the Royal Opera House since 2012; and David Butt Philip, a tenor, who began his musical training as a chorister in Peterborough Cathedral but is now with English National Opera.
Verdi's majestic requiem to raise the roof
Working at Glyndebourne Festival Opera brought Thomas into contact with the music director Vladimir Jurowski, who subsequently invited him to become his assistant conductor with the London Philharmonic Orchestra.
Orchestral manoeuvres in the pub
Throughout my career - which has included executive director of Mid Wales Opera, general manager of Music Theatre Wales and working at the Glyndebourne Festival - I've worked with some inspiring artistic directors and Tim [Rhys-Evans of OBA] is right up there.
Mad about the boys; They were finalists on Britain's Got Talent and have performed on stages at some of our biggest concert halls. Now, as Only Boys Aloud countdown to their fifth birthday, Rachel Dominy, the new executive director of the charity which runs the choir, shines a light on the choral group ARTS & CULTURE
before her Glyndebourne Festival debut in Handel's Rinaldo.
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At which naval battle did the Greeks defeat the Persians in 480BC? | Salamis - Ancient History Encyclopedia
Salamis
by Mark Cartwright
published on 05 May 2013
With defeat at Thermopylae , the inconclusive naval battle at Artemision, and Xerxes ’ Persian army on the rampage, the Greek city -states faced an unprecedented attack, one which threatened their very existence. The tide would turn, though, in September 480 BCE at the Battle of Salamis in the Saronic Gulf, a naval battle which would rank as one of the greatest and most significant in antiquity. Overcoming superior numbers with daring tactics and sheer determination, the allied Greek forces won a freedom which would allow a never-before-seen period of artistic and cultural endeavour which would form the foundations of Western culture for millennia.
Context: The Persian Wars
By the first years of the 5th century BCE, Persia , under the rule of Darius (r. 522-486 BCE), was already expanding into mainland Europe and had subjugated Thrace and Macedonia. The next objective was to quell once and for all the collection of potentially troublesome rebel states on the western border of the Empire . In 490 BCE Greek forces led by Athens met the Persians in battle at Marathon and defeated the invaders. The battle would take on mythical status amongst the Greeks, but in reality it was merely the opening overture of a long war with several other battles making up the principal acts. In 486 BCE Xerxes became king, and he invaded first the Cyclades and then the Greek mainland after victory at Thermopylae in August 480 BCE against a token Greek force. At the indecisive naval battle of Artemision (also in August 480 BCE), the Greeks held off the superior numbers of the Persian fleet but were obliged to regroup at Salamis.
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Greece then, lay open to the invaders and Persian forces rampaged through the Greek poleis or city-states, sacking even Athens itself. Some 30 Greek poleis, however, were preparing to fight back and the Battle of Salamis would show Xerxes that Greece, or at least a large chunk of it, was far from being conquered.
The Persian Fleet
The vast Persian Empire stretched from the Danube to Egypt and from Ionia to Bactria , and Xerxes was able to draw on a huge reserve of resources to amass a huge invasion force. Ariabignes, the son of Darius, commanded the Ionian, Carian, Achaimene, and Egyptian fleets. Cybernis, the king of Xanthos, led the Lycian fleet of 50 ships. Artemisia, the tyrant of Halicarnassus , led the Dorian fleet of 30 ships and other known commanders included Prexaspes, Megabazus, and Achaimenes. Technically, the Persians, and especially the Phoenicians, were better seamen, but as the fleet was drawn from all parts of the Empire, the motivation and communication levels were perhaps less than their opponents who all spoke the same language and who were fighting not only for their own survival but that of their families and their way of life.
The Persian fleet significantly outnumbered the Greeks.
The exact number of ships in the Persian fleet is not known. Herodotus in his Histories (440-430 BCE) compiles precise lists but these are widely thought to be exaggerated and unreliable. Also, his list is for the Persian fleet which originally sailed to Greek waters and by the time of Salamis, many would have been left to guard ports and supply routes or have been lost in storms (especially at Magnesia) and in the Battle of Artemision a month earlier. Nevertheless, below are his figures for triremes - warships with three banks of oars (note the contributions from conquered or pro-Persian Greek cities ):
Dorian 30
Cyclades 17
An alternative source - the writer of Greek tragedy Aeschylus - does seem to support Herodotus in his Persae (472 BCE) where he states that the Persian fleet had 1,207 ships compared to the Greek force of only 310. Accounting for losses incurred in the manner described above it is estimated that perhaps around 500 triremes faced the Greeks at Salamis but there is no scholarly consensus on even an approximate figure. There would also have been many smaller ships such as penteconters (50 oars) and triaconters (30 oars) but Herodotus’ figure of 3000 seems wildly exaggerated.
The Greek Fleet
The allied Greek fleet was commanded by the Spartan Eurybiades, a surprising choice considering it was Athens who was the great naval power and supplied by far the most ships. The two other senior commanders were Themistocles of Athens and Adeimantus of Corinth . In effect, tactics and strategy were decided by a council of 17 commanders from each of the contributing contingents. However, it is Themistocles, the brilliant naval commander, drawing on his twenty-year experience and flush from the success of Artemision against far superior numbers, who is widely credited with deciding to hold position at Salamis instead of retreating to the isthmus of Corinth and masterminding the Greek victory.
Herodotus’ figures are once again inconsistent, his grand total of 380 triremes making up the Greek fleet is 15 more than the sum of his individual state contributions:
Ceos 2
Cythnos 1
The figures for some states are suspiciously similar to those given before the Battle of Artemision, implausibly suggesting either they suffered next to no losses in that conflict or a swift replacement of vessels. Aeschylus states a total figure of 310 and Thucydides 400. In summary, we can only say that the Persian fleet seems to have significantly outnumbered the Greek.
The Trireme
Both sides had very similar ships - the triremes (triērēis) - which were 40-50 ton wooden warships up to 40 m long. Light, streamlined, and manoeuvrable, they were powered in battle by 170 oarsmen split in three ranks down each side of the ship. Able to rapidly accelerate, break, zigzag, and turn 360 degrees in just two ships’ lengths, good seamanship could place the vessel to best advantage and employ the principal strategy of naval warfare at that time which was to ram the enemy, making full use of the bronze ram fitted to the prow of the vessel. Triremes also carried a small complement of soldiers, at least 10 hoplites and four archers. The Persians generally carried more - 14 combatants and 30 Medes armed with bow, spear, and sword. These extra troops came into their own when at close quarters with the enemy and in the case of boarding an enemy vessel.
Triremes had a weakness in that they could only operate effectively in relatively calm seas with waves less than 1 m high; otherwise, water would enter via the oar-ports and flood the ship. Also, they had to stay close to shore as each night they needed to be beached if the light wood was not to become water-logged, significantly reducing the speed performance of the vessel. In addition, there was very little space on board for provisions and no room to sleep so the crews had no choice but to land each night. Prior to the battle the Greek ships were beached at several bays on the island of Salamis from Cynosoura to Paloukia. Here too were much of the evacuated populace of Athens and Attica. The Persians, meanwhile, were stationed at the Phaleron Bay, less than 10 km away across the Saronic Gulf and close to the captured Piraeus .
Strategies
Commanders led from the front and each would have been on his own ship at the heart of the battle. From there, manoeuvres could be signalled to other ships in the fleet using flags and trumpets. However, once the battle got fully underway, naval conflicts became a case of a single ship against a single opponent rather than precisely coordinated manoeuvres.
Prior to full engagement between the opposing fleets, there were two principal strategies employed by the more able commanders. The first was sailing around the enemy line (periplous) and the second was smashing through gaps in the enemy line and attacking from their rear flank (diekplous). Both were designed to get one’s ship in a position to ram the weakest point of the enemy - the side or stern quarter. The objective was to puncture a hole in the enemy vessel or break a sufficient number of their oars to disable the ship. To avoid damaging one’s own oars, crews were drilled to withdraw them in a matter of seconds (usually on only one side of the ship whilst the other side maintained the momentum of the vessel). As a defence against these two tactics, an able commander would ensure one of his flanks was closed off by shallows or coastline and ensure his crews were sufficiently drilled to maintain close order. In open water the ships could be organised in a defensive circle or an arc (more practical with larger fleets) with prows pointing outwards (kyklos).
The Battle
The actual details of the battle are sketchy and often contradictory between ancient sources. Nevertheless, presenting the most commonly agreed upon elements, the first action of the battle was the defection of two Ionian ships to the allied Greek fleet. Themistocles, perhaps sending messages to the pro-Persian Greek state fleets, had hoped for more such defections but no others occurred. One such ship from Tenos informed the Greeks that the Persians were amassing in the straits, blocking in the Greek fleet. The Persians had moved into position overnight, hoping to surprise the enemy, but this strategy was unlikely to be successful considering the short distances involved and the noise made by the rowers. There is also the possibility that Themistocles had sent messages to Xerxes intimating the fragile Greek alliance was breaking up and the fleet was about to retreat.
Probably, the two fleets aligned along an oblique east-west axis with the Persians close to the mainland shore with both fleets having a friendly shore behind them. Indeed, proximity to the opposite mainland shore would have been avoided by the Greek ships due to Xerxes’ positioning there of a contingent of his archers. On the western (right) wing the Phoenicians faced the Athenians and the Ionians against the Spartans. On the left flank of the Persians were the Carians and Dorians. Behind the main Greek line, the Aegina contingent and some of the Athenian ships waited in reserve. The Corinthians were stationed to the west of the battle lines protecting the passage to Eleusis whilst the pro-Persian Cyprians, Cilicians, and Hellespontines held back to the south, guarding the exit to Piraeus. According to Diodorus Siculus, Xerxes sent his Egyptian fleet to seal off the straits between Salamis and Megara and engage any Greek ships breaking off from the main fleet.
Overlooking from his command post in the early morning, Xerxes would have seen not a fleet about to retreat but the Greeks positioned two-ships deep along a 3 km long curve, perhaps presenting a line of 130 ships against the Persian main front of 150 ships, three ships deep. The Persians advanced, becoming more closely packed as they aligned themselves with the enemy’s narrower front. The Greeks held position, drawing the Persians into an ever tighter confine. Ships began to ram each other and in the tight space they would have struggled to disengage. Then the armed soldiers on board would have come into their own with hoplites and archers fighting on the decks much as in a land battle. With more Persian ships pressing in from the rear and the Corinthians joining from the side, there must have been a chaos of broken ships and drowning men - particularly amongst the Persians who had no shore to retreat to and most probably could not swim.
With more space to manoeuvre, the Greek ships were able to pick off the closely packed Persian vessels which could not retreat because their lines were now several ships deep. By the afternoon, Greek victory was assured and the remaining Persian ships retreated to Asia Minor . The final stage of the battle was the transferral of the Greek hoplite force on Salamis over to the mainland which then made short work of the Persian land forces.
Once again the cryptic oracle of Apollo at Delphi had been proved right: ‘only a wooden wall will keep you safe’. As at Artemision, the wooden ships of the combined Greek fleet had, for a second time, rebuffed the Persian advance.
The Aftermath
Following defeat, Xerxes returned home to his palace at Sousa and left the gifted general Mardonius in charge of the invasion. The Persian position was still strong despite the defeat - they still controlled much of Greece and their large land army was intact. After a series of political negotiations, it became clear that the Persians would not gain victory on land through diplomacy and the two opposing armies met at Plataea in August 479 BCE. The Greeks, fielding the largest hoplite army ever seen, won the battle and finally ended Xerxes’ ambitions in Greece.
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Which film star (1923 - 2008), was born John Carter in Evanston, Illinois? | Naval Warfare
March 14: Naval warfare (Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.79-2.94 (pp.173-186) Course Reader: Herodotus, The Histories 8.66-8.100 (pp. 470481))
I) Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.79-2.94
All the names and places from 2.79-2.82 are hard to keep track of. Just focus on the way the armies fight and, in particular, the way that other types of troops, such as cavalry, peltasts (javelin-throwers), and slingers, are becoming important to Greek armies.
The key places to locate on your map for this campaign are Acarnania, an Athenian ally in western Greece, and Naupactus, an Athenian naval base western Greece. On the map you'll notice that all these places are much closer by sea to Corinth than to Athens. There, if anywhere, the Peloponnesians should have had a chance to operate by sea.
2.84 Naval warfare was mainly a matter of ramming. Hence, the skill of the rowers and crews were crucial as you can see in this lopsided battle between a highly skilled but smaller Athenian force and a large but incompetent Peloponnesian navy.
2.87-2.89 It seems to have been traditional for generals, and admirals, to give speeches to their men before a battle. Thucydides' versions of these speeches are probably in part his own creation, designed to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of the two sides and thus the outcome of the battleand the foresight or lack thereof of the generals.
2.90 See previous reading guide for "the Messenians," who seem to have been a particularly brave and energetic group.
How in general did Phormio's navy perform against the superior Peloponnesian forces?
2.93-94 An example of a surprise attack during the Peloponnesian War.
II) Herodotus, The Histories 8.66-8.100
We're now back in the Persian Wars at the crucial naval battle at Salamis (480BC).
Why did the Peloponnesians want to leave Salamis?
Why did Themistocles think that they should stay and fight the Persians there?
What trick did Themistocles use to force the Greeks to fight at Salamis?
How does Herodotus depict Xerxes as an "Eastern Despot?
How was naval warfare conducted?
Why did swimming ability matter?
The army that Xerxes leaves with Mardonius is the one that is defeated the next year at the battle of Plataea.
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Europe’s first female President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir was President of which country from 1980 to 1996? | Iceland Celebrates 35th Anniversary of the Election of Europe's 1st Female President | Iceland Naturally | The best photos, news and culture from Iceland.
Iceland Celebrates 35th Anniversary of the Election of Europe's 1st Female President
Attendees celebrated former Icelandic President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir.
On Sunday, June 28, Icelanders gathered at Arnarhóll Square in central Reykjavik to celebrate the 35th anniversary of Vigdís Finnbogadóttir’s democratic election to the Icelandic Presidency. Iceland’s fourth president, Finnbogadóttir was the first woman in Europe to be elected president in a democratic election and served from 1980 to 1996.
The event was organized by the Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Institute of Foreign Languages and the University of Iceland in cooperation with Alþingi , the City of Reykjavík, the Icelandic Association of Local Authorities, the Committee on the 100 Years Anniversary of Women’s Suffrage in Iceland, and dozens of other associations in the numerous fields where Vigdís Finnbogadóttir has been particularly active throughout her political career.
Many artists participated in this event, which was designed to reach a large public, particularly young people. Among the actors and musicians featured in the program were the Icelandic Wonderbrass band , the Faroese singer Eivør Pálsdóttir , the Danish lyric singer Palle Knudsen , the Swedish lyric singer Ylva Kihlberg and many more!
Several Icelandic writers, the President of the Icelandic Parliament and Vigdís Finnbogadóttir herself addressed the audience on this special day. Several choirs also gathered together before the event to sing along with the audience in celebration.
Watch the video below for more information about the event’s organizer, the Vigdis Finnbogadottir Institute of Foreign Languages.
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WBQ is the National Rail code for which station in the North West? | Female Presidents
FEMALE PRESIDENTS
and Woman Premier Ministers
06.04.1940-11.10.1944 Head of State Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, People's Republic of Tannu Tuva
As Chairperson of the Presidium of the Parliament, the Little H�ral, Khertek Amyrbitovna was the Head of the state which became Independent in 1921, a People's Republic in 1926, was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1944. She had held various jobs in local administration and the party administration, Chairperson of the Women Department of the Central Committee of the Tuvinian People's Revolutionary Party 1938-1940. Married to the First Secretary of the TPRP, Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka in 1940, Deputy Chairperson of Oblast Executive Committee 1944-1961 and Deputy Chairperson of the Council of Ministers of Tuva 1961-1972. She lived (1912-2008).
31.10.1968-24.02.1972 Acting Head of State Song Qingling, China
06.07.1976-05.03.78 Joint Acting Head of State
1979-1980 "Honorary President"
Born into a rich Christian family, she was educated in the USA. In 1927-29 Member of Government Council, 1929-49 Leader of Opposition against her brother-in-Law President Chiang Kai-chek and 1948 Honorary Chairperson of the Kuomintang, 1949-54 Deputy Premier Minister, 1954-59 Vice-Chairperson of The Peoples' Republic (Deputy Head of State), 1954-76 and 1975-78 Vice-Chairperson of the National People’s Congress, Vice-Chairperson of China People’s Consultative Consultative Conference, CPPCC. In 1968-74 the Post of Chair of the Republic was vacant and she and the other Vice-Chairperson, Dong Bow shared the Presidential Powers. In 1976 the Chairman of the NPC died and the 21 vice-chairmen, including Song, acted as collective heads of state until 1978 when a replacement was elected. 1980 she was Chairperson of the 3rd Session of the National People’s Congress. Soong Qingling was widow of Sun Yat-Sen, Provisoric President of China in 1911. Her sister Soong May-ling (b. 1897) played a crucial role as wife of Chiang Kai-chek, President of China till 1945 and of Taiwan 1945-75. And her brother, T. V. Soong, was Premier Minister in Taiwan. A third sister was a business magnate. She lived (1893-1981).
01.07.1974- 24.03.1976 Executive President Maria Estella Mart�nez de Per�n, Argentina
Isabel Peron was Vice-President and President of the Senate 1973-74. As Executive President she was also head of the Cabinet. Chairperson of Partido Justicial, The Peronist party 1974-85, removed by a coup d'�tat and in Prison 1976-78, Exile in Spain 1981-93. She was married to General Juan Peron, who was President two times. (b. 1931-).
17.11.1979-18.07.1980 Interim Executive President Lydia Gueiler Tejada, Bolivia
As President she was also Head of the Cabinet. Lidia Gueiler was member of Parliament 1956-64 and afterwards in exile for 15 years. Circa 1978 Subsecretary for Agriculture, 1978 President of Camera de Diputados. Acting President of the Congress and acting Deputy Head of State 1978-79.She was President of Partido Revolucionario de los Izquierda Nazional Gueiler 1979-94, Exile in France 1980-82, Ambassador in Embassy to West Germany 1982-83, and to Venezuela 1983-86 and since 1993 She was deposed by the 129th Coup d'�tat in the history of Bolivia, shortly before elections was due. She lived (1921-2011).
01.08.1980-01.08.1996 President Vigd�s Finnbogad�ttir, Iceland
In 1972-80 Director of Iceland’s National Theatre was the world’s first democratically elected female President. Since 1996 she has been involved in a wide range of international humanitarian and cultural organizations. She was a divorcee and mother of an adopted a daughter. (b.1930-).
01.04-01.10.1981 Captain Regent Maria Lea Pedini Angelini, San Marino
Every 6th month The Consiglio Grande e Generale elects two Captain Regents, who acts as heads of State and Government and as Chairmen of the Consiglio Grande e Generale. From circa 1991 she has been Director in Ministry of Government and Foreign Affairs, since 1995 Ambassador in the Ministry to Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland etc. (b. 1954- ).
15.02.1982-15.02.1987 President Agatha Barbara, Malta
Labour M.P 1947-82 and for long periods the only woman in Parliament. Minister of Education and Culture 1955-58 and 1971-74 Labour, Welfare and Culture (Third in Cabinet) 1974-81. In the last period she was Acting Prime Minister on various brief occasions. She resigned as President 2 years ahead of time because Labour lost the 1987-elections. She lived (1923-2002).
01.04.1984-01.10.1984 and 01.10.1989-01.04.90 Captain Regent Gloriana Ranocchini, San Marino
Member of the Parliament. (b. 1957-).
14.05-16.05.1984 Acting Head of State Carmen Pereira, Guinea Bissau
Has been Member of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) since 1962 and later Political Commissioner for the Southern Front, and only female member of the 24 members Committee Executivo da Luta (CEL). In 1973-84 Deputy President of Assembl�ia Nacional Popular, 1975-80 President of the Parliament of Cap Verde (which was in union with Guinea Bissau at the time) 1981-83 Minister of Health and Social Affairs 1984-89 President of Assembl�ia Nacional Popular, 1989-94 Member the Council of State and 1990-91 Minister of State (Deputy Premier) for Social Affairs. She acted as head of state after Jo�o Bernardo Viera, Head of state since 1980, was elected President in 1984. In 1999 he was deposed after a military coup d'�tat. (b. 1937-).
25.2.1986-30.06.1992 Executive President Maria Coraz�n Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino, The Philippines
Cory Aquino became leader of the opposition after the murder of her husband Ninoi Aquino in 1986, and was brought to power by the so-called "People Power", which protested about President Marcos's attempts to remain in power. She was also Head of the Cabinet. 1998 among the senior advisors of the new President Estrada. During her term in office she fought off 8 attempted coup d'�tats. Constitutionally barred from running for re-election. Mother of 4 children. She lived (1933-2009).
13.03.1990-07.02.1991 Acting President Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Haiti
She was the first female High Court Judge 1986-90, and became acting President during the turbulent political situation in Haiti in a period where one Coup d'�tat followed the other. She was held hostage on one occasion by soldiers attempting a coup. (b. 1943-).
05.04.1990-02.10.1990 Acting Head of State Dr. Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, East-Germany
As President of the People's Chamber she was acting as the last Head of State of the German Democratic Republic, DDR/GDR before the reunification. After the reunification she was Federal Minister without Portfolio for the New Bundesstates 1990-91, Parliamentary State Secretary of Health 1991-98 and member of the Bundestag 1998-2002. Mother of two children. (b. 1946-).
25.04.1990-10.01.1997 Executive President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, Nicaragua
In 1979 Do�a Violeta was member of the Ruling Junta after the overthrow of the Somoza-dictatorship but left because of disagreement with the Sandinistas. Between 1979-90 Publisher of the opposition newspaper La Prensa after the murder of her husband, opposition leader Joaqu�n Chamorro Cardenal. As Executive President she was also Head of the Cabinet and Minister of Defence. She did not run for re-election. (b. 1929- ).
03.12.1990-12.09.1997 President Mary Robinson, Ireland
In 1969 she was appointed Professor of Law, 1970-90 she was Labour-senator. She did not run for re-election. From 1997 she has been Assistant Secretary General and United Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights. Mother of two children. (b. 1944-).
01.10.1991-01.04.1992 Captain Regent Edda Ceccoli, San Marino
Member of the leadership of Partito Democratico Cristano Sammarinese.
01.04.1993-01.10.1993 Captain Regent Patrizia Busignani, San Marino
1983-90 President of Partito Socialista Unitario. From around 1997 she was Chief of the Parliamentary Group of Socialisti per le Riforme. In March 2006 she was candidate for the post for the period starting in April 2006.
27.10.1993-05.02.1994 Acting Head of State Sylvie Kinigi, Burundi
By the time of her appointment as Premier she was Head of the Economic Planning Office in the President’s Office. During the Civil War the President was killed and as the highest ranking remaining official, she became Acting President (27.10.93-5.2.94). After her resignation, she left politics and joined the Burundi’s Commercial Bank. (b. 1952-).
14.11.1994-19.11.2005 Executive President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, Sri Lanka
Vice-President 1984-86 and President of Sri Lanka Maha Jana Party 1984-86, Leader of United Socialist Alliance 1988 and since 1993 Leader of People’s Alliance and Deputy Leader of Sri Lanka Freedom Party, 1993-94 Chief Minister of the Colombo Province and in a few months in 1994 Prime Minister. As Executive President she was also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and held the Portfolio of Defence and Finance and Planning 1994-2001 and was Minister of Defence, Information and Interior from November 2003. She is the first person in the world to be daughter of two premier ministers, Solomon and Sirivamo Bandaranaike and the first to have appointed her mother to the post of Prime Minister. Her husband politician Vijaya K. was assassinated 1988, and during the Presidential campaign in 2000 she survived an assassination-attempt but lost vision in one eye. She was not allowed to stand for re-election in 2005. She is mother of 2 children. (b. 1945-).
03.09.1996-02.08.1997 Chairman of the Council of State Ruth Perry, Liberia
Ruth Sando Fahnbulleh Perry was a senator 1985-96. Appointed to chair the Council of State preparing the transfer to democracy after many years of civil war. From 1999 Ruth Perry was 1. Vice-Chairperson of the Organization for African Unity. She lived (1939-2017).
09.02.1997-11.02.1997 Acting Executive President Rosalia Arteaga Serrano de Fern�ndez de C�rdova, Ecuador
A former minister, she was Vice-President 1994-98 and Presidential Candidate in 1998. She was inaugurated as Acting President after her predecessor was removed from office but two days after the Congress nominated someone else. As Executive President she was also Head of the Cabinet. Presidential Candidate in 1997. (b. 1953-).
11.11.1997-11.11.2011 President Mary McAleese, Ireland
Professor of Law and 1993-97 Pro-chancellor of University of Belfast, the first person from Northern Ireland to be elected President of Ireland. During the 1997-elections 5 candidates were female and there was only one token male candidates finishing a distant last. 2004 she was returned unopposed for a second term. (b. 1951-).
19.12.1997-11.08.99 Executive President Janet Jagan, Guyana
Her country's first white and first female President and was executive President but worked together with the Prime Minister. 1950-90 she held leading posts in the Progressive People's Party, PPP, 1953 Deputy President of the National Assembly, 1954 imprisoned by the British authorities for her activities for independence 1957-61. Minister of Labour, Health and Housing, 1963-64 Minister of Home Affairs (Senator), 1973-97 Editor-in-Chief of The Mirror, 1993 Acting Permanent Representative to the United Nations. In 1997 her husband, President Dr. Cheddi Bharat Jagan, died, and she was chosen to replace the Premier, who had become President. Janet was chosen as her party's candidate in the following Presidential elections. She was in office until July 1999 when she suffered a mild hart attack and chose to resign from her post 3 years ahead of time. Born as Janet Rosenberg in Chicago, mother of two children and lived (1920-2009).
01.01.1999-31.12.1999 President of the Confederation Ruth Dreifuss, Switzerland
A former trade union-leader, she was Councillor of Interior in 1992-2002 and Vice-President 1998-99. (b. 1939-).
01.04.1999-01.10.1999 and 01.04.2008-01.10.2008 Captain Regent Rosa Zafferani, San Marino
Director in the Department of Finance, Budget and Programs before she was elected to the Consiglio Grande e Generale in 1998. Secretary of State of Health, Social Security and Provision 2002-04, Secretary of State of Public Education, University and Cultural Institutions from 2004 and 2005-06 also in charge of Internal Affairs. (b. 1960 in USA).
08.07.1999-08.07.2007 President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, Latvia
Born in Latvia and grew up in refugee camps in Germany, went to school in French Morocco, University studies in Canada. Retired from the Universite de Montreal in 1998, after being a professor of psychology there since 1965 and involved in various scientific and administrative committees, among others as Vice-Chairperson of the Science Council of Canada. She moved to Latvia as Director of the newly created Latvian Institute in Riga. Candidate for the Post of Secretary General of the United Nations in 2006. Married to her fellow countryman, Imants Freibergs, also exiled in Canada, who moved to Latvia in October 1999. Mother of a son and a daughter. (b. 1937-).
01.09.1999-01.09.2004 Executive President Mireya Moscoso Rodr�gez, Panama
Since 1991 President of the Arnolfist Party (now Paname�ista), 1994 Presidential Candidate. As Executive President she is also head of the Cabinet, and she is the first female President to have officially appointed a First Lady - her sister, Ruby Moscoso de Young. She was constitutionally barred from running for re-election. Mireya was first married to President Arnulfo Arias Madrid (1901-88) who was President of Panama 1940-41, 1949-51 and 1968. Married to Mr. Gruber 1991-97 and mother of an adopted a child. (b. 1946-).
01.03.2000-01.03.2012 President Tarja Halonen, Finland
Member of Parliament 1979-2000, 1984-87 Chairperson of the Social Affairs Committee and Member of the Presidium of the Parliament, 1987-1990 Second Minister of Health and Social Affairs (Health Minister) and 1989-1991 Minister of Nordic Co-operation, 1989-91 Co-leader of Soumen Sosialidemokraattinen Pulolue, The Social Democrats. 1990-1991 Minister of Justice 1995-2000 Minister of Foreign Affairs. The position as President is very powerful - especially concerning foreign politics. Mother of one daughter. In August 2000 she married her partner trough a decade, Pentti Araj�rvi. They did not live together before they moved into the Presidential palace. Mother of one daughter. (b. 1943-).
01.04.2000-01.10.2000 Capitano Reggente Maria Domenica Michelotti, San Marino
Former lecturer at San Marino University and Member of the Consiglio Grande e Generale since 1998. She is widow and her married name was Casadei Michelotti. Mother of two girls (b. 1952-).
20.01.2001-30.06.2010 Executive President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, The Philippines
As executive GMA is also Head of the Cabinet. 1987-1989 she was Assistant Secretary and 1989-92 Undersecretary of Trade and Industry and Senator 1992-98. Secretary of Social Development and Welfare 1998-2000 and The President charged her with the leadership of the Cabinet Meetings. In 2000 she resigned from her cabinet-post after President Estrada was accused of accusations. In January 2001 he was forced to vacate the presidency and she succeeded him. 2002 and 2003 also Minister of Foreign Affairs and 2003 and 2006-07 Minister of Defence. 2004 she was re-elected to the post of President. In 2011 she was arrested on charges for electoral fraud. Daughter of the late President Diosdado Macapagal and Dr. Evangeline Macaraeg-Macapagal, mother of two sons and a daughter (b. 1947-).
23.07.2001-20.10.2004 Executive President Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesia
When Megawati Setyawati Soekarnoputri became leader of the Democratic Party in 1993, she triggered the opposition against President Quarto. In 1999 her party won the most seats in the Parliament, but Abdulrahman Wahid was elected President. This caused serious riots all over the country and she was elected vice-President the following day. In August 2000 the ailing President Wahid charged her with the running of the daily business of the government and state and she chaired the cabinet meetings. At the 23rd of July he was ousted and she inaugurated as President. In 2004 she lost her bid for re-election. Ibu Mega, as she is known, is daughter of Indonesia's founding father Sukarno, is married for the 3rd time and mother of 3 children. (b. 1946-).
30.12.2002-04.02.2004 Acting President Natasa Micic, Serbia
As President of the Assembly since 2001, she became Acting President since the attempt to elect a President failed twice. She continued her duties as Chairperson of the Parliament. (b.1965-).
01.10.2003-31.03.2004 Capitano Reggente Valeria Ciavatta, San Marino
01.04.2014-10.10.2014 Capitano Reggente
Member of the Grand and General Council for the Alianza Populare since 1993 and Chairperson of the Council Group 2002-05, Party President 2006, Minister of Minister of Internal Affairs and Civil Protection and Accomplishment of the Programme 2006-12. As Captain Regent, she was joint head of a state with a man, and also President of the Parliament and Head of Government. Mother of twins. (b. 1959-).
23.11.2003-25.01.2004 Acting Executive President Nino Burjanadze, Georgia
25.11.2007-20.01.2008 Acting Executive President
As Chairperson of the Parliament 2001-08, she took over after former President Eduard Shevardnadze was forced to resign as result of a "velvet revolution" after he rigged the parliamentary elections and in 2007 she aced as President again as the incumbent, Mikheil Saakashvili, resigned to run in the January 2008-elections. President of Burjanadze-Democrats 2003-08 and of Democratic Movement - United Georgia since 2008 and Presidential Candidate in 2013. Her full name is Nino Anzoris asuli Burjanadze, and her surname is also transcribed as Burdzhanadze. Mother of two children. (b. 1964-).
06.07.2004-08.07.2004 Member of the Joint Acting Presidency Barbara Prammer, Austria
As Vice-President of the National Assembly she assumed the Presidential duties together with the two other members of the Presidium, when the outgoing President died two days before his successor was to take office in July. She was a former Federal Minister, President of the Nationalrat from 2006 until her death and a leading member of the Social Democrats of Austria, SP� She lived (1954-2014)
01.04.2005-01.10.2005 Capitano Reggente Fausta Simona Morganti, San Marino
In 1974 she was one of the first three women elected to the Consiglio Grande e Generale. 1978-83 and 1988-92 Minister of State of Culture, Education and Justice, In the late 1990s Leader in Partito Progressista Democartico Sammarinese and Chief of the Parliamentary Group from around 1997 to 2002 and then again later in 2002 and Secretary of State of Public Education, Universities, Cultural Institutions and Social Affairs in 2002. (b. 1944-).
16.01.2006- Executive President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Liberia
1972-73 and 1977-79 Secretary of State of Finance, 1979-80 Minister of Finance, 1980 President of the National Bank, 1980-85 worked for the World Bank, 1985-86 in house arrest after her return, 1990-92 Leading member of exile-government of Amos Sawyer in United States of America, 1992-97 African Director of the UNDP (United Nations Development Program). From 1997 Leader of the Unity Party. Presidential Candidate in 1997, Candidate for the Chairmanship of the National Transitional Government in 2003 and finally won the presidential elections in November 2005. She is divorced, mother of a number of children, and grandmother. (b. 1938-).
11.03.2006-11.03.2010 Executive President Michelle Bachelet Jeria, Chile
11.03.2014- Executive President
2000-02 Minister of Health and 2002-04 Minister of Defence. Her father, a general, was killed by the Pinochet dictatorship. Her boyfriend was also detained, tortured and disappeared. She and her mother were also detained and tortured and afterwards lived in exile in Australia and East Germany. She returned to Chile in 1979 and worked for various NGOs helping children of the tortured and disappeared. She had two children with her first husband and a daughter with her former partner. (b. 1952-).
01.01.2007-31.12.2007 President of the Confederation Micheline Calmy-Rey, Switzerland
01.01.2011-31.12.2011 President of the Consideration
Former President of the Socialist Party of G�n�ve, she was President of the Grand Conseil of G�n�ve 1993, Councillor of Finance 1997-2002, Vice-President of the Cantonal Government 2000-01 and President of the Cantonal Government 2001-02. Federal Foreign Minister 2003-11 and Vice-President in 2006 and 2010. Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf was elected Vice-President for 2011, the first time two women would fill the two highest post in the country. (b. 1945-).
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In the Bible who was the father of Jacob and Esau? | Jacob and Esau - Jewish History
Jewish History
Jacob Receives Isaac’s Blessing
Birth of the Twins
Twenty years had passed since Isaac’s and Rebecca’s marriage, but as yet, they had not been blessed with children. Finally, G‑d answered Isaac’s prayers, and Rebecca gave birth to twins. The first child to be born was covered with hair like a fully grown person. His parents called him Esau (from the Hebrew word “osso” -- finish). The second child followed Esau, holding on to his brother’s heel, and Isaac called him Jacob (Yaakov, “One that takes by the heel”).
Jacob and Esau Grow Up
Although the children were twins and grew up together, they displayed a difference in character. Jacob spent all his time at home, engaged in study with his father and grandfather Abraham. Esau, however, resorted to countless tricks to avoid studying, and spent most of his time in the fields. He enjoyed hunting and killing, and was often absent from his home for many days.
Abraham’s Death
Abraham lived to a ripe and happy old age, and died at the age of one hundred and seventy-five. His sons, Isaac and Ishmael, buried him in the Cave of Machpelah.
Esau Kills Nimrod
On the day of Abraham’s death, Esau had been out in the fields as usual. He had lost his way and was trying to find his way back, when King Nimrod arrived with two servants. Esau hid behind a rock, and when Nimrod was left unguarded, he killed him and fought the two servants who rushed to the aid of their master. Esau escaped with King Nimrod’s clothes. These were Adam’s garments which later became the property of Noah; Noah’s son Ham, who was Nimrod’s grandfather, had subsequently become their owner, and finally Nimrod had acquired them. These divine clothes had made Nimrod a powerful and skillful hunter and a mighty ruler over all other kings. Now Esau had come into possession of the most valuable and cherished property a hunter could desire.
Jacob Buys the Birthright
The birthright was a sacred privilege enjoyed by the first-born son. This privilege made the first-born the real heir and successor to his father, as the head of the family. Isaac’s first-born son was to be devoted to the service of G‑d and to the sacred traditions of the family. But in the case of Esau, it soon became apparent that he was not the one to fulfill this sacred duty. Esau did not wish to shoulder this responsibility, preferring a happy and carefree life as a hunter and man of the fields. Jacob, on the other hand, seemed the ideal inheritor and successor. The day that Esau returned from that fateful hunting trip, his clothes still covered with the spatter of mud and blood, Jacob rebuked him for neglecting his holy duty as first-born. Esau, however, ridiculed Jacob and spoke very mockingly of the birthright. Jacob was shocked to hear such abuse of, and disrespect towards, the sacred privilege of the first-born, and proposed to buy the birthright from Esau who willingly agreed to make the deal. Thus Jacob came into the possession of something he cherished more than all the treasures of the world.
Isaac Goes To Philistina
After Abraham’s death, famine again swept over the land of Canaan. Isaac wanted to follow the example of his father Abraham and go to Egypt. However, G‑d ordered him never to leave the land that had been promised to his father and to him, and Isaac traveled down only to the land of the Philistines. Isaac took the same precaution his father had taken when he sojourned among the Philistines. He said that Rebecca was not his wife, but his sister. King Abimelech desired to marry Rebecca, for she was the fairest woman he had ever seen. But when he found out that Rebecca was really Isaac’s wife, he was afraid to touch her or Isaac. When Isaac grew very prosperous, the Philistines became envious and requested him to leave. Isaac went to Beer Sheba, where his father Abraham had dwelt. Soon after, Abimelech paid Isaac a friendly visit, desiring to make up for his former unfriendly act. Abimelech asked Isaac to make a treaty of peace with him. This Isaac did, and Abimelech returned to his land.
| Isaac |
Named by the BFI in 2000 as the best TV series of all time, which sitcom only had two six-episode series, the first in 1975, the second in 1979? | Genesis 27 NLT - Jacob Steals Esau’s Blessing - One - Bible Gateway
Genesis 27New Living Translation (NLT)
Jacob Steals Esau’s Blessing
27 One day when Isaac was old and turning blind, he called for Esau, his older son, and said, “My son.”
“Yes, Father?” Esau replied.
2 “I am an old man now,” Isaac said, “and I don’t know when I may die. 3 Take your bow and a quiver full of arrows, and go out into the open country to hunt some wild game for me. 4 Prepare my favorite dish, and bring it here for me to eat. Then I will pronounce the blessing that belongs to you, my firstborn son, before I die.”
5 But Rebekah overheard what Isaac had said to his son Esau. So when Esau left to hunt for the wild game, 6 she said to her son Jacob, “Listen. I overheard your father say to Esau, 7 ‘Bring me some wild game and prepare me a delicious meal. Then I will bless you in the Lord’s presence before I die.’ 8 Now, my son, listen to me. Do exactly as I tell you. 9 Go out to the flocks, and bring me two fine young goats. I’ll use them to prepare your father’s favorite dish. 10 Then take the food to your father so he can eat it and bless you before he dies.”
11 “But look,” Jacob replied to Rebekah, “my brother, Esau, is a hairy man, and my skin is smooth. 12 What if my father touches me? He’ll see that I’m trying to trick him, and then he’ll curse me instead of blessing me.”
13 But his mother replied, “Then let the curse fall on me, my son! Just do what I tell you. Go out and get the goats for me!”
14 So Jacob went out and got the young goats for his mother. Rebekah took them and prepared a delicious meal, just the way Isaac liked it. 15 Then she took Esau’s favorite clothes, which were there in the house, and gave them to her younger son, Jacob. 16 She covered his arms and the smooth part of his neck with the skin of the young goats. 17 Then she gave Jacob the delicious meal, including freshly baked bread.
18 So Jacob took the food to his father. “My father?” he said.
“Yes, my son,” Isaac answered. “Who are you—Esau or Jacob?”
19 Jacob replied, “It’s Esau, your firstborn son. I’ve done as you told me. Here is the wild game. Now sit up and eat it so you can give me your blessing.”
20 Isaac asked, “How did you find it so quickly, my son?”
“The Lord your God put it in my path!” Jacob replied.
21 Then Isaac said to Jacob, “Come closer so I can touch you and make sure that you really are Esau.” 22 So Jacob went closer to his father, and Isaac touched him. “The voice is Jacob’s, but the hands are Esau’s,” Isaac said. 23 But he did not recognize Jacob, because Jacob’s hands felt hairy just like Esau’s. So Isaac prepared to bless Jacob. 24 “But are you really my son Esau?” he asked.
“Yes, I am,” Jacob replied.
25 Then Isaac said, “Now, my son, bring me the wild game. Let me eat it, and then I will give you my blessing.” So Jacob took the food to his father, and Isaac ate it. He also drank the wine that Jacob served him. 26 Then Isaac said to Jacob, “Please come a little closer and kiss me, my son.”
27 So Jacob went over and kissed him. And when Isaac caught the smell of his clothes, he was finally convinced, and he blessed his son. He said, “Ah! The smell of my son is like the smell of the outdoors, which the Lord has blessed!
28 “From the dew of heaven
and the richness of the earth,
may God always give you abundant harvests of grain
and bountiful new wine.
29 May many nations become your servants,
and may they bow down to you.
May you be the master over your brothers,
and may your mother’s sons bow down to you.
All who curse you will be cursed,
and all who bless you will be blessed.”
30 As soon as Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and almost before Jacob had left his father, Esau returned from his hunt. 31 Esau prepared a delicious meal and brought it to his father. Then he said, “Sit up, my father, and eat my wild game so you can give me your blessing.”
32 But Isaac asked him, “Who are you?”
Esau replied, “It’s your son, your firstborn son, Esau.”
33 Isaac began to tremble uncontrollably and said, “Then who just served me wild game? I have already eaten it, and I blessed him just before you came. And yes, that blessing must stand!”
34 When Esau heard his father’s words, he let out a loud and bitter cry. “Oh my father, what about me? Bless me, too!” he begged.
35 But Isaac said, “Your brother was here, and he tricked me. He has taken away your blessing.”
36 Esau exclaimed, “No wonder his name is Jacob, for now he has cheated me twice.[ a ] First he took my rights as the firstborn, and now he has stolen my blessing. Oh, haven’t you saved even one blessing for me?”
37 Isaac said to Esau, “I have made Jacob your master and have declared that all his brothers will be his servants. I have guaranteed him an abundance of grain and wine—what is left for me to give you, my son?”
38 Esau pleaded, “But do you have only one blessing? Oh my father, bless me, too!” Then Esau broke down and wept.
39 Finally, his father, Isaac, said to him,
“You will live away from the richness of the earth,
and away from the dew of the heaven above.
40 You will live by your sword,
and you will serve your brother.
But when you decide to break free,
you will shake his yoke from your neck.”
Jacob Flees to Paddan-Aram
41 From that time on, Esau hated Jacob because their father had given Jacob the blessing. And Esau began to scheme: “I will soon be mourning my father’s death. Then I will kill my brother, Jacob.”
42 But Rebekah heard about Esau’s plans. So she sent for Jacob and told him, “Listen, Esau is consoling himself by plotting to kill you. 43 So listen carefully, my son. Get ready and flee to my brother, Laban, in Haran. 44 Stay there with him until your brother cools off. 45 When he calms down and forgets what you have done to him, I will send for you to come back. Why should I lose both of you in one day?”
46 Then Rebekah said to Isaac, “I’m sick and tired of these local Hittite women! I would rather die than see Jacob marry one of them.”
Footnotes:
| i don't know |
What is the term in economics for a market where there is only one buyer but many sellers, the opposite of a monopoly? | Buyer's Monopoly Definition | Investopedia
Buyer's Monopoly
DEFINITION of 'Buyer's Monopoly'
A buyer's monopoly, or "monopsony", is a market situation where there is only one buyer and many sellers. This situation gives the buyer considerable power to demand concessions from sellers, since the sellers have no alternative to selling to the buyer. Generally, a buyer's monopoly is undesirable. Inefficiencies caused by lack of competition lead to a dead weight loss in the economy as a whole. A monopsony is able to use its market power to capture additional profits for it's owners.
BREAKING DOWN 'Buyer's Monopoly'
A single-payer government healthcare system is an example of a buyer's monopoly. Under such a system, the government would be the only buyer of health services. This would give the government considerable power over health care providers. It is sometimes argued that such a system would be advantageous to citizens because a government-controlled buyer's monopoly could gain sufficient market power to drive down the prices charged for healthcare services. Critics claim that a dead weight loss would occur if the quality or availability of health care declined due to the enactment of such a system.
Trading Center
| Monopsony |
Who won the men’s long jump at the Olympics four times, from 1984 to 1996? | Monopsony power - definition of Monopsony power by The Free Dictionary
Monopsony power - definition of Monopsony power by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Monopsony+power
Also found in: Thesaurus , Financial , Wikipedia .
Related to Monopsony power: monopsonistic
mo·nop·so·ny
(mə-nŏp′sə-nē)
n. pl. mo·nop·so·nies
A market situation in which the product or service of several sellers is sought by only one buyer.
[ mon(o)- + Greek opsōniā, purchase of food; see duopsony.]
mo·nop′so·nist n.
mo·nop′so·nis′tic adj.
monopsony
(məˈnɒpsənɪ)
n, pl -nies
(Economics) a situation in which the entire market demand for a product or service consists of only one buyer
[C20: mono- + Greek opsōnia purchase, from opsōnein to buy]
moˌnopsoˈnistic adj
(məˈnɒp sə ni)
n., pl. -nies.
the market condition that exists when there is only one buyer for a product or service from a large number of sellers.
[1930–35; mon - + Greek opsōnía shopping, purchase of provisions]
mo•nop′so•nist, n.
monopsony
the market condition that exists when only one buyer will purchase the products of a number of sellers. — monopsonist, n. — monopsonistic, adj.
A market in which there are multiple suppliers but only one buyer.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun
1.
monopsony - (economics) a market in which goods or services are offered by several sellers but there is only one buyer
market , marketplace , market place - the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; "without competition there would be no market"; "they were driven from the marketplace"
economic science , economics , political economy - the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
Translations
monopsony
[məˈnɒpsənɪ] N → monopsonio m
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References in periodicals archive ?
However, one subject escaped attention: the growing monopsony power of employers--a monopsony being a market where the purchaser of goods and services can dictate terms since one buyer faces many sellers.
Markets, universalism and equity: medicare's dual role in the Australian welfare state
This edition has updated treatment of the new health care reform act, discussion of the health care system in Switzerland and competition between traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage plans, a rewritten chapter on the private health insurance industry to reflect studies on market power, more on the monopsony power of insurers, comparison of the US health care system with other countries in terms of the three-legged stool of medicine and the US system in terms of the supply and demand model of a health economy, information on the proposed single-payer system in Vermont, and a new appendix on the Grossman model of the demand for health, in addition to updated statistics, added empirical studies, and rewritten and condensed chapters.
Health economics; theories, insights, and industry studies, 6th ed
If a country has monopoly or monopsony power in foreign trade, it can derive a welfare gain by imposing an optimal tariff if it has monopsony power in its imports, or an optimal export tax if it has monopoly power in its exports.
Is the Washington consensus dead?
We find that higher wages attract more able applicants as measured by their IQ, personality, and proclivity towards public sector work - ie, we find no evidence of adverse selection effects on motivation; higher wage offers also increased acceptance rates, implying a labour supply elasticity of around 2 and some degree of monopsony power.
Pay Politicians More
And that means the owners have substantial monopsony power.
| i don't know |
Which country adopted the euro as its currency on January 1st this year? | Countries Using the Euro as Their Currency
Recent and Future Euro Countries
On January 1, 2009, Slovakia started using the euro.
continue reading below our video
10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know
Estonia began using the euro on January 1, 2011. Latvia began using the euro as its currency on January 1, 2014.
Lithuania is expected to join the Eurozone in the next few years and thus become a new country using the euro .
Only 18 of the 27 members of the European Union (EU) are part of the Eurozone, the name for the collection of EU countries that utilize the euro. Notably, the United Kingdom , Denmark, and Sweden have thus far decided not to convert to the euro. Other new EU member countries are working toward becoming part of the Eurozone.
On the other hand, Andorra, Kosovo, Montenegro, Monaco, San Marino, and the Vatican City are not EU members but do officially use the euro as their currencies.
The Euro - €
The symbol for the euro is a rounded "E" with one or two cross lines - €. You can see a larger image on this page . Euros are divided into eurocents, each eurocent being one one-hundredth of a euro.
| Lithuania |
Which type of quadrilateral has all sides equal but no right angles? | Euro Introduced
Selected International Organizations
On January 2, 2002, the new European currency , the euro, became official in 12 countries, known as the eurozone. The original currencies were no longer accepted in transactions after Feb. 28, 2002.
The 12 nations that adopted the euro are: Austria , Belgium , Finland , France, Germany , Greece , Ireland, Italy , Luxembourg , The Netherlands, Portugal , and Spain . With a population of slightly more than 300 million people, the eurozone became one huge market.
The euro countries all belong to the political organization, the European Union (EU). Denmark , United Kingdom , and Sweden have not adopted the euro, although they may do so in the future.
Click here for euro conversion rates
New Members Join
Cyprus , The Czech Republic , Estonia , Hungary , Latvia , Lithuania , Malta , Poland , Slovakia , and Slovenia joined the EU in 2004. These former Communist nations with weak economies and high inflation welcomed EU membership since it brought easy access to western European markets. The following countries adopted the euro: Slovenia (2007), Cyprus (2008), Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), and Latvia (2014). Joining the eurozone also made it easier for rich countries, such as Germany, to invest in Eastern Europe.
The Euro Denominations
The euro is available in seven different bills and eight separate coins. The bills are available in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 euro denominations.
The coins are available in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 euro cents, and 1 and 2 euro denominations. Nations may change the term "cent" if they wish, and call the new coins by the names of earlier currency. It is likely the Germans will call their coins "euro-pfennigs" and the French will refer to theirs as "euro-centimes."
While all the coins will have the same front, each country will putting national symbols on the back of those coins minted in that country. Regardless of what they are called in each nation and what symbols they display, the coins will be interchangeable. Coins minted in different countries may differ minutely in size.
The Euro's Value
The euro fluctuates against the dollar, the Japanese yen, and other major currencies. But it has a fixed value against the currencies it replaced. People turning in German marks, for example, received a fixed number of euros. By keeping the exchange rates stable, currency speculation , and its potential for destabilizing a nation's economy, was avoided.
Where the Euro Is Official Currency
Euro Conversion Rates
| i don't know |
Of which country is South Tyrol an autonomous province? | Italian province offering €15 billion for financial sovereignty — RT News
Trends Eurozone crisis Tags EU , Crisis , History , Ekaterina Gracheva , Rory Suchet , Roads , Infrastructure , Government Spending , Economy
In these painful times of severe cuts and austerity, the northern region with a population of half-a-million people stands as a safe haven amidst the storm.
South Tyrol was occupied by Italy at the end of the First World War and annexed in 1919. After WW2 the Allies decided that the province would remain a part of Italy, but would be granted an important level of self-governance.
The province enjoys the status of wide autonomy. Up to 90 per cent of tax revenue stays in the region, while the other 10 per cent go to Rome. But with the economic crisis taking hold over the country, every last euro seems to awaken nationalist feelings. And this is a situation the politicians are all too ready to take advantage of.
Many in the region’s capital Bolzano claim their native town has never been Italian.
Eva Klotz, member of the South Tyrolean Freedom separatist movement in Bolzano, who has spent 30 years of her life fighting for independence, claims "We’re Tyroleans! Our language is German! We were taken from the rest of Tyrol by force almost 100 years ago! We’ve seen fascism, which has affected our language, closed our schools, banned our songs! And now Italy changes our original name into Alto Adige! Enough!”
Well-to-do South Tyrol does not want to bail out the poorer regions of Italy with its money.
The chairman of the popular Libertarian Party Ulli Mair explained that “South Tyrol is not in charge of saving Italy and couldn’t have done so even if it wanted to.”
“Italy is a bad housekeeper with lots of debts! We’re not paying for their debts with our money!" he told RT.
“Theirs” and “ours” are two words, which you hear very often in South Tyrol. And money is at the core of the dispute. The autonomy is expected to contribute €120 million to cleaning up the Italian national budget. To do so, it will have to raise real estate, VAT and income taxes, as well as fees paid by farmers.
Instead, South Tyrol wants "buy its freedom" from Italy once and for all. It even names a concrete purchase price: €15 billion.
“Full independence from Italy is not possible, because new states are unprecedented these days in modern Europe,” admits South Tyrol Economics Minister Thomas Widmann. “We can stay a part of Italy, but we want full financial freedom. We’re ready to pay a solidarity tax of 3 per cent. We’ll pay for foreign policy, fiscal and euro policy. Otherwise, we’ll do the rest on our own. We build our roads in several months, but before it happens we wait for permission from Rome for years!”
Roads and infrastructure in this rich province of Italy are, indeed, very non-Italian. So too is unemployment, which stands at only 2 per cent, compared to almost 10 per cent nationwide.
The most recent polls show that separatist arguments are becoming louder these days, with more South Tyroleans wanting to keep their resources to themselves.
On the streets of the South Tyrol 's capital Bolzano
| Italy |
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923, the first Irishman to receive the award? | German-speaking South Tyrol in flag row over Italy's 100th anniversary of World War One - Telegraph
Italy
German-speaking South Tyrol in flag row over Italy's 100th anniversary of World War One
The governor of the semi-autonomous region says it has little to celebrate over a date which resulted in the region being absorbed into Italy against its will.
Funes Valley with snow-capped Odle Dolomites, Alto Adige - South Tyrol, Italy Photo: Stefano Politi Markovina / Alamy
Nick Squires in Rome
7:13PM BST 23 May 2015
A row has broken out in a German-speaking northern area of Italy over this weekend's 100th anniversary of the country's entry into the First World War, exposing lingering resentment in a province that was once part of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
The semi-autonomous government of South Tyrol is refusing to fly the Italian tricolour from public buildings on Sunday - the day on which, 100 years ago, Italian forces fired the first shots against Austrian positions.
The government of the German-speaking area, which is dominated by the craggy peaks of the Dolomites, argues that there is little to celebrate over a date which resulted in the region being absorbed into Italy against its will.
While Britain, France and Germany went to war in 1914, Italy bided its time and only joined the conflict in 1915.
South Tyrol was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire but was later ceded to Italy after the Allied victory in 1918.
The mountainous region still has a distinctly Tyrolean feel and many people speak German as a first language.
• Language wars in South Tyrol
Sauerkraut and schnitzel feature more on menus than pasta and pizza, signs are in German and the architecture is distinctly Mitteleuropean.
Towns have both Italian and German names – the provincial capital is known as Bolzano in Italian but Bozen in German.
There is still resentment over the way the area was treated by the victorious Italians, who changed its name from South Tyrol to Alto Adige.
The order from Rome to fly the Italian flag was "absolutely inappropriate," insisted Arno Kompatscher, the governor of the province.
He said the outbreak of war was "not a positive event" for South Tyrol, where heavy fighting took place between alpine troops who endured frost bite, avalanches and exposure as well as bombs and bullets.
Flying the Italian flag would be particularly upsetting for German-speakers, the governor said, adding: "There's nothing to celebrate".
He suggested that it would be better to fly the flag at half-mast and hold a minute's silence as a way of commemorating the hundreds of thousands of dead and wounded from both sides of the conflict.
The German-speaking Sudtiroler Volkspartei political party also branded the order from Rome "mistaken".
But Roberta Pinotti, the Italian defence minister, said she could not understand the opposition to flying the Italian flag.
"Italy is a united country and in all the work that has been undertaken to remember the centenary of the Great War, there is recognition of the tragedy that took place and the thousands of deaths that occurred."
A similar debate broke out in 2011 when Italy celebrated the 150th anniversary of its founding as a modern state.
Luis Durnwalder, the then governor of South Tyrol, caused national outrage when he said the province and its people should have no part in the unification celebrations .
"I hold nothing against Garibaldi but for us the anniversary represents something else and recalls the separation from the motherland of Austria," he said.
"German speakers have nothing to celebrate. In 1919 we were not asked if we wanted to become part of Italy."
| i don't know |
Who will play M in the new Bond film Spectre? | The New James Bond Movie Is Called 'Spectre' | The Huffington Post
The New James Bond Movie Is Called 'Spectre'
12/04/2014 06:11 am ET | Updated Feb 12, 2015
1.1k
Christopher Rosen Managing entertainment editor, The Huffington Post
James Bond has returned. Twenty-five months after "Skyfall" debuted, director Sam Mendes announced the title and cast of the 24th Bond film during a press conference at Pinewood Studios in England on Thursday. The next 007 adventure, "Spectre," will arrive in theaters on Nov. 6, 2015.
"Those of you have some knowledge of the Bond franchise and the legend of Bond will probably have some idea of what that refers to, but I couldn't possibly comment," Mendes said of the title, a dog whistle for fans. In the Bond films, SPECTRE stands for "Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion"; Ernst Stavro Blofeld is the organization's leader.
Daniel Craig will star again as James Bond, with help from new cast members Christoph Waltz, Andrew Scott, Dave Bautista, Lea Seydoux and Monica Bellucci. Ralph Fiennes, Ben Whishaw, Rory Kinnear and Naomie Harris will reprise their "Skyfall" roles. Mendes, of course, returns to direct.
Waltz was first attached to "Spectre" back in mid-November . It's rumored that he's set to play Blofeld in the new film, but that was not announced on Thursday. Instead, producers said Waltz will play a man named Oberhauser . The Daily Mail had previously reported that Oberhauser was the "son of the late Hans Oberhauser, a ski instructor who acted as a father figure to Bond." Former Bond star Roger Moore wasn't buying the subterfuge:
So Blofeld is back!
| Ralph Fiennes |
In which spacecraft did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in April 1961? | Daniel Craig to star in James Bond movie Spectre with new Aston Martin DB10 | Daily Mail Online
Next
Bond is back: Daniel Craig returns in 'SPECTRE' as 007 with star-studded cast, a new baddie, a new car (and the oldest Bond girl ever)
Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris, Ben Whishaw and Rory Kinnear all reprising their former roles in the action movie
Cast newcomers include Monica Belluci, Christoph Waltz, David Bautista and Léa Seydoux
Belluci, 50, will make history when she becomes the oldest Bond girl to grace screens
Sleek new Aston Martin DB10 also unveiled as the car of choice for the suave spy
No actor has yet been cast in the role of evil genius Blofeld
Spectre will follow Bond going on a trail to uncover a sinister organisation after receiving a cryptic message from his past
Movie to be shot on location in London, Mexico City, Rome and Tangier and Erfoud in Morocco. Also included are such Austrian towns as Obertilliach, Lake Altaussee and Sölden
Spectre is scheduled to be released on November 6, 2015
Craig to reprise role as Bond for a fourth time
| i don't know |
Gander Airport was used as a refuelling stop for transatlantic flights between the 1940s and the 1960s. In which Canadian province is it? | Airport Gander (USA) - International | FlightMemory - Encyclopedia
Airport Gander (USA) - International
Gander International Airport ( IATA : YQX, ICAO : CYQX) is located in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada, and is operated by the Gander International Airport Authority. Canadian Forces Base Gander shares the airfield but is a separate entity from the airport.
Contents
History[ edit ]
Early years and prominence[ edit ]
Construction of the airport began in 1936 and it was opened in 1938, with its first landing on January 11 of that year, by Captain Douglas Fraser flying a Fox Moth of Imperial Airways . Within a few years it had four runways and was the largest airport in the world. Its official name until 1941 was Newfoundland Airport.
In 1940, the operation of the Newfoundland Airport was assigned by the Dominion of Newfoundland to the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and it was renamed RCAF Station Gander in 1941. The airfield was heavily used by Ferry Command for transporting newly built aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean to the European Theatre , as well as for staging operational anti-submarine patrols dedicated to hunting U-boats in the northwest Atlantic. Thousands of aircraft flown by the United States Army Air Corps / United States Army Air Forces and the RCAF destined for the European Theatre travelled through Gander.
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) also established Naval Radio Station Gander at the airfield, using the station as a listening post to detect the transmissions and location of enemy submarines and warships.
Following the war, the RCAF handed operation of the airfield back to the dominion government in March 1946, although the RCN's radio station remained and the military role for the entire facility was upgraded through the Cold War .
Transatlantic refueling stop[ edit ]
Following Newfoundland's entry into Confederation , the government renamed the airport Gander Airport and it came under the administration of Canada's federal Department of Transport . Numerous improvements were made to the runways and terminals.
Gander is near the great circle route between cities of the U.S. East Coast and London . Starting in the 1940s it was a refueling stop for transatlantic flights to Scotland, Ireland and beyond, and continued in this role through the early 1960s. Carriers at Gander during this era included:
Air France ran several services through Gander connecting Paris and Shannon to Montreal, Boston and New York in the 1950s. [5]
American Overseas Airlines used Gander as stop for Lockheed Constellation flights between New York and London from 1947. [6]
British Overseas Airways Corporation operated Constellations on London-Shannon-Gander-New York, London-Glasgow-Gander-New York and London-Glasgow-Gander-Montreal routings from 1947. [7] By 1960 the Gander stop was only used as an alternative to a Glasgow or Shannon stop for Bristol Britannia service to Montreal and Toronto. [8]
KLM used Gander as a stop on Amsterdam-Glasgow-Gander-New York service from 1946. [9]
Pan American World Airways used Gander as a stop for transatlantic Douglas DC-4 service between New York-Idlewild and Shannon (continuing to London and Lisbon) starting in 1946. [10] Gander remained in use in 1960 as a stop for Douglas DC-7 services between New York and Scandinavia, although other transatlantic flights bypassed Gander by that point. [11]
Scandinavian Airlines operated Stockholm-Oslo/Copenhagen-Prestwick-Gander-New York service from 1946. [13]
Trans-Canada Air Lines used Gander as a stop for transatlantic service to London from 1946 and also operated local service from Gander to St. John's and Sydney . [14]
Trans World Airlines operated Boston-Gander-Shannon and Boston-Gander-Azores-Lisbon services from 1947 using Constellations, with onward service to destinations in Europe, the Middle East and India. [15]
Runway 04/22 was extended from 8,400 to 10,500 ft (2,600 to 3,200 m) in 1971. [16]
With the advent of jets with longer range in the 1960s most flights no longer needed to refuel. Gander has decreased in importance, but it remains the home of Gander Control , one of the two air traffic controls (the other being Shanwick Oceanic Control in western Ireland) which direct the high-level airways of the North Atlantic. Most aircraft travelling to and from Europe or North America must talk to either or both of these air traffic controls (ATC). Some commercial transatlantic flights still use Gander as a refuelling stop - most notably some American legacy carriers ( United Airlines and Delta Air Lines in particular) who use the Boeing 757 to connect smaller European cities with their major US hubs. [17] The 757 is particularly vulnerable in this respect as it was not originally designed for use on transatlantic routes. [18] This practice has been controversial, since strong headwinds over the Atlantic Ocean during the winter months can result in the flights being declared "minimum fuel", forcing a refuelling stop at Gander in order to safely complete their journey. [19]
During the Cold War Gander was notable for the number of persons from the former Warsaw Pact nations who defected there (including Soviet concert pianist Igor Vasilyevich Ivanov , Cuban Olympic swimmer Rafael Polinario [20] and the Vietnamese woman famously photographed as a girl fleeing a napalmed village, Phan Thi Kim Phuc ). It was one of the few refueling points where airplanes could stop en route from eastern Europe or the Soviet Union to Cuba .
In 1985, Gander was the site of the Arrow Air Flight 1285 disaster, in which a McDonnell Douglas DC-8 with 256 people on board crashed during takeoff due to atmospheric icing ; there were no survivors. The crash was and remains to date the deadliest airplane accident on Canadian soil. [21]
Operation Yellow Ribbon[ edit ]
Main article: Operation Yellow Ribbon
On September 11, 2001, with United States airspace closed due to the terrorist attacks , Gander International played host to 38 airliners, totaling 6,122 passengers and 473 crew, as part of Operation Yellow Ribbon. Gander International received more flights than any other Canadian airport involved in the operation apart from Halifax . The 6,595 passengers and crew accounted for the third highest total of passengers that landed at a Canadian airport involved in the operation, behind Vancouver and Halifax.
A major reason that Gander received so much traffic was its ability to handle large aircraft, and because Transport Canada and Nav Canada instructed pilots coming from Europe to avoid the airports in major urban centres of Central Canada, like Toronto Pearson International Airport and Montr�al-Dorval . [22] The reception these travellers received in the central Newfoundland communities near the airport has been one of the most widely reported happy stories surrounding that day.
To honour the people of Gander and Halifax for their support during the operation, Lufthansa named a new Airbus A340-300 "Gander/Halifax" on May 16, 2002. That airplane is listed with the registration D-AIFC, [23] and was the first aircraft in the whole fleet with a city name outside of Germany.
Future growth[ edit ]
Officials at Gander International Airport have stated that the future for the airport is grim unless the federal government provides funding to cover costs. Over 50% of all aircraft operating from the air field are military, and do not pay landing fees . [24] However, domestic passenger traffic increased by over seven percent in 2006, while weekly cargo flights from Iceland show some promise of expansion.
In April 2014, Gander Airport Authority decided on plans to abandon the existing terminal building due to high operating costs and replace it with a new terminal a quarter of the size. The fate of the old building is uncertain. The terminal, which was built in the 1950s and has drawn continuing worldwide interest for its modernist design, has been recognized by other Canadian institutions as a valuable piece of heritage architecture and has many of its original furnishings and fixtures still intact. [25]
Early in 2016 it was revealed that Gander Airport will be losing WestJet Encore flights with service to Halifax International Airport, to Deer Lake Regional Airport due to low passenger numbers for the Q-400 operated flights.
Runways[ edit ]
Gander has two active runways : runway 13/31 which is 8,900 ft � 200 ft (2,713 m � 61 m), and runway 03/21 (changed from 04/22 in August 2004) which measures 10,500 ft � 200 ft (3,200 m � 61 m) and undergone a $10 million comprehensive rehabilitation project completed in September 2012.
The airport's runway 03/21 was also designated as an emergency landing runway for the Space Shuttle .
Fire services[ edit ]
Gander Airport Safety and Airside Operations is responsible for fire and rescue operations using three vehicles at their station within the airport. It also has a mutual aid agreement with the Town of Gander Fire Department to provide additional fire fighting services. [26] The airport fire crew is a mix of full-time and volunteers with total crew of 14. [26]
Airlines and destinations[ edit ]
Woodward's Oil Limited
Accidents and incidents[ edit ]
Since the airport's founding in 1938 and through the course of World War II and subsequent beginnings of transoceanic air travel, there have been dozens of crashes around Gander of fighters, bombers, freighters, sea planes, radar aircraft, civilian airliners and private craft.
On 21 February 1941, three people were killed when a Lockheed L-14 Super Electra / Hudson departing from Gander crashed near Musgrave Harbour after both of the plane's engines failed. The fatalities include Sir Frederick Grant Banting who died of wounds and exposure. The navigator and co-pilot died instantly, but Banting and the pilot, Captain Joseph Mackey , survived the initial impact. According to Mackey, the sole survivor, Banting died from his injuries the next day. [28]
On 18 September 1946, 27 people lost their lives when a SABENA Douglas DC-4 (OO-CBG) crashed 35 km short of Gander Airport, where the aircraft planned to land for a refueling stop on the flight from Brussels to New York. At the time of the accident (07:42 UTC ), there was dense fog near the airport, and the pilot executed a flawed approach at too low an altitude. There were 17 survivors (16 passengers and one crew). [29]
On 5 September 1967 an Ilyushin Il-18 (registration OK-WAI) of Ceskoslovenske Aerolinie (SA) Flight 523 crashed on climbout heading east on runway 13 while on a Prague-Shannon-Gander-Havana passenger service, killing 37 of 69 on board; the cause was never determined.
On 12 December 1985 Arrow Air Flight 1285 crashed on take-off from, the then runway 22. The disaster claimed the lives of 8 crew and 248 soldiers from the United States Army 's 101st Airborne Division who were returning home for Christmas from a peacekeeping deployment in the Middle East . The impact on the south side of the Trans-Canada Highway on the shore of Gander Lake left a charred clearing in the forest where a memorial now stands to those who lost their lives in Canada's most deadly air crash. [21]
| Newfoundland and Labrador |
England has been runner-up in the ICC World Cup three times, to West Indies in 1979, to Australia in 1987 and to which country in 1992? | Canadian skylines of the past [Archive] - Page 9 - SkyscraperPage Forum
Feb 26, 2014, 2:21 AM
One thing I always wondered was why Gander the refuelling stop rather than St. John's?
At that time, the only airport near St. John's was a military base.
Air travel was still a new thing back then. It was a completely normal for significant cities to have no airport.
esquire
Feb 26, 2014, 2:33 AM
Canada paid for it. At that time, all international flights had to stop at Gander to refuel. For most Americans and Europeans, Gander was the only thing they EVER saw of Canada.
Canada started to get a bad reputation. :haha: Anyone you can think of who lived since the advent of commercial flight to the 1970s has been to Gander. The walls of that airport are lined with portaits. Marilyn, Elvis, Frank, every single U.S. president, Russian leader etc.
So Canada paid for a world class (and it is world class, everything in that airport looks the same today and is worth a fucking fortune) showpiece airport there.
Gander Airport is amazing. I have been to NL but sadly haven't made it to Gander... if I do ever get there I swear I will spend an afternoon just gazing at the airport.
Interesting NY Times article about the airport's history:
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/20/travel/tmagazine/20TGANDER.html?_r=0
Here's a fashion spread shot there from Bloomberg Pursuits:
http://ca.zinio.com/reader.jsp?issue=416276333&WT.mc_id=PUB_COM_DISC_GLOBAL_082813_Pursuits_Fall13.
Feb 26, 2014, 2:35 AM
One thing I always wondered was why Gander the refuelling stop rather than St. John's?
Gander is perfectly situated on the great circle route from major US east coast airports to Europe. St. John's would have been a slight detour.
SignalHillHiker
Feb 26, 2014, 5:26 AM
Gander Airport is amazing. I have been to NL but sadly haven't made it to Gander... if I do ever get there I swear I will spend an afternoon just gazing at the airport.
Interesting NY Times article about the airport's history:
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/20/travel/tmagazine/20TGANDER.html?_r=0
Here's a fashion spread shot there from Bloomberg Pursuits:
http://ca.zinio.com/reader.jsp?issue=416276333&WT.mc_id=PUB_COM_DISC_GLOBAL_082813_Pursuits_Fall13.
That Bloomberg one made the news here. :D
Boris2k7
Feb 28, 2014, 2:15 AM
Calgary from 1994. This was the year my family moved from Edmonton.
http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3810/12825794045_63abe81050_c.jpg (http://flic.kr/p/kxnxJ6)
FrankieFlowerpot
Feb 28, 2014, 2:33 AM
Here's a picture of Edmonton from a postcard that was sent to someone in my family in 968
The back says "Elevated view of a portion of the Downtown Civic Complex, cost estimated in excess of $20,000,000.00"
http://i.imgur.com/D9O4dEK.jpg
Feb 28, 2014, 4:01 AM
Church Hill Square sure has come along way.
Every time I see a pic of the old court house...I shake my head as to how they could tear down such a beautiful building.
Chadillaccc
Mar 4, 2014, 12:51 AM
Beautiful older shot of Calgary...
http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/987/615/98761539_640.jpg
Mar 11, 2014, 9:07 AM
Some more old photos from the public library collections
Looking north towards downtown Calgary in 1910 from American Hill, which is now known as Mount Royal (Upper/Lower).
This community formed the city's southern city limits at the time and was home to predominantly American-born elites.
http://i57.tinypic.com/16lhf6g.jpg
http://cdm16114.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p280501coll15/id/2561/rec/96
Shot from the top of the Grain Exchange building in 1911.
This must have been taken in the spring, just before the groundbreaking for the Palliser Hotel (far right side of the image).
The original CPR train station is visible in the center-right of the image, where the Calgary Tower now stands.
http://i57.tinypic.com/29vo604.jpg
http://cdm16114.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p280501coll15/id/3018/rec/199
Postcard of the view from the roof of the Palliser Hotel, sometime in the 1930s.
Corner of the CPR station in the bottom right, and you can make out many buildings like the Royal Canadian Legion No. 1 and the Regis Hotel on 7th Ave.
The other large building in the postcard is the Calgary Public Building, which housed federal departments in Calgary from it's construction in 1931 until when it was purchased by the City in 1979.
There used to be a helluva lot of hotels in downtown.
http://i61.tinypic.com/iqdk3o.jpg
This one is kinda neat.
It's a colourized photo from sometime in the mid-60's.
http://i62.tinypic.com/104fcq1.jpg
http://cdm16114.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p280501coll15/id/1439/rec/251
This one isn't dated, but I'd place it in 1981, given the state of construction of some of the buildings in the background.
This is the year (if I'm correct about the date) that the C-train came into operation.
http://i57.tinypic.com/2e2kpj4.jpg
Mar 11, 2014, 9:46 AM
Great post three posts.
Montreal was even more my style back then. Such density!
The pier 6 pic of TO and the last two look really dense as well. The last two remind me of here actually.
It's amazing how many parking lots Calgary has gotten rid of. Good work!
kool maudit
Mar 11, 2014, 10:36 AM
in terms of purist, walkup, jane jacobs-type stuff, montreal in the 1950s was probably the height of canada's urban history.
you get a sense of it from reading mordecai richler's novels; it wasn't just the way the city looked, it was how people were. it was an ambitious place but also a very pre-globalist one, a local one. it seemed to have a lot of local icons, brands, slang, even accents. all of this would have been diluted with the coming of late modernity. this was canada's hulking tenement metropolis, the great port. i wish i had seen it.
SignalHillHiker
Mar 11, 2014, 10:52 AM
If someone had never read Mordecai Richler, what book would you recommend to start?
Yeah, those pictures from the 1920s are impressive enough - and I assume the city only grew even more urban at the street level through to the 1950s.
If I could choose any era to live in my city, it would be the 1920s. From Vintage St. John's:
http://i.imgur.com/FpPEXBk.jpg
And one a little later:
http://i.imgur.com/Lz6WlUq.jpg
That was her peak. Thus far. But I'm sure she'll have another few days in the sun as well. ;)
It's almost hard to believe how fast things changed. Less than a decade after that middle picture was taken, the Parliament was stormed by protestors, the Prime Minister chased through the streets, windows broken, homes ransacked and looted. And then a return to Commission of Government, direct rule from London - one of the only countries in the world ever to vote away its democratic independence.
kool maudit
Mar 11, 2014, 10:57 AM
barney's version and st. urbain's horseman are the two best novels, with the former being more accessible to someone first reading him. for a portrait of the montreal of that era, though, i'd go with 1969's short story collection "the street" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Street_(story_collection)).
esquire
Mar 11, 2014, 1:36 PM
Those 1970s photos of Toronto are mesmerizing.
There is something about photos from that decade that is extremely compelling. They really capture the intersection between the old ways that kool alluded to above, and the modern form of the city - architecturally, socially - that would be instantly recognizable to people today. Toronto, as with any Canadian city in that era, had a foot in both worlds.
kool maudit
Mar 11, 2014, 2:40 PM
i agree. 1970s and even 1980s photos have a really transitional quality.
1970s and '80s downtown toronto was a very different place, heavy and midwestern and much more working-class than today.
Boris2k7
Mar 11, 2014, 2:51 PM
Great post three posts.
Montreal was even more my style back then. Such density!
The pier 6 pic of TO and the last two look really dense as well. The last two remind me of here actually.
It's amazing how many parking lots Calgary has gotten rid of. Good work!
Well, they were parking lots that we got by demolishing existing communities, so I don't think we should feel too good about it.
:P
Mar 11, 2014, 2:52 PM
That Toronto picture with First Canadian Place surrounded by parking lots? TO DIE FOR!
Such an amazing shot, it looks like the NYC Twin Towers... Such a shame that it is practically hidden from every angle now... :(
SignalHillHiker
Mar 11, 2014, 3:32 PM
Well, they were parking lots that we got by demolishing existing communities, so I don't think we should feel too good about it.
:P
Well that's not good, but at least they're not still parking lots.
If we ever tear down Atlantic Place and its parking garage and replace it with a modern tower... I'll still be sad for having lost that beautiful block of Water Street back in the 1970s - but it'd also still be better than when it was used for parking. :haha:
SignalHillHiker
Mar 11, 2014, 3:33 PM
That Toronto picture with First Canadian Place surrounded by parking lots? TO DIE FOR!
Such an amazing shot, it looks like the NYC Twin Towers... Such a shame that it is practically hidden from every angle now... :(
Those two things seem mutually exclusive to me?
I don't think I've ever said or thought "parking lot" as much as I have today. It's come up in a half dozen or more separate conversations.
OTSkyline
Mar 11, 2014, 7:56 PM
Those two things seem mutually exclusive to me?
I don't think I've ever said or thought "parking lot" as much as I have today. It's come up in a half dozen or more separate conversations.
It looks like it because
a) Style of the building... just a tall slender square tower, no frills.
b) Height. It looks SUPER tall and trumps everything around since it's surrounded by shorter buildings and parking lots. Likewise, the Twin Towers used to look very tall (well, they were) and they trumped everything around them. Just look at an old NYC skyline pic.
SignalHillHiker
Mar 11, 2014, 8:04 PM
Oh, the building. Yeah, definitely. I thought you meant the setting matched, specifically because of the parking lots.
Dwils01
Mar 12, 2014, 12:29 AM
First Canadian Place looked so much better without all the antennas on top of it.
MolsonExport
Mar 12, 2014, 2:22 AM
Better than all the other Canadian threads put together.
Boris2k7
Mar 12, 2014, 7:19 PM
Another Calgary shot; looking north up 1st Street SW. Going to place this somewhere in the 1920s.
There is definitely a red ensign flying atop the Southam building (#5) which was constructed on the site of an older church in 1913/14. The Southam building itself was demolished for the Len Werry building in 1972.
HBC (#2) was constructed in 1913 and expanded in 1929 by demolishing the Victorian-styled buildings to the south of it.
The Bank of Montreal (#6) was constructed in 1931 on the site of the former Bank of Montreal building (1889).
In 1964, the original 1912 brick facade of the Herald Building (#3) was encased in a granite shell. The Herald building is now, of course, demolished to make way for Brookfield Place.
http://i58.tinypic.com/64il93.png
This shows what buildings have changed. Demolished with red outline; existing/renovated with blue outline.
http://i58.tinypic.com/97ppiq.png
**
Most iconic buildings in Calgary have barely lasted for forty years before they have been torn down. It's likely that the oil crash in the 80s prevented downtown from becoming a clean slate.
** this should say "3 - Brookfield Place"
J.OT13
Mar 12, 2014, 10:29 PM
So I assume 5 is a very bad renovation. That is just sad. Reminds me of this one in OT;
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_eYv6opBqDv0/SzmJjShMhXI/AAAAAAAACMk/vjUgSca2xPs/s400/Jackson-Building-1950.jpghttp://www.obj.ca/media/photos/unis/2012/09/17/photo_2172163_resize.jpg
Boris2k7
Mar 12, 2014, 10:33 PM
Nah, 5 was completely demolished in '72. Some of the exterior finishes (specifically, the "gargoyles") were removed prior to the act and can be found on other buildings downtown.
http://archiseek.com/2011/the-herald-building-calgary-alberta/#.UyDiF_ldVKI
Note: A number of buildings have claimed the title "The Herald Building," including the one across the street from this one (which is 3 in the image).
J.OT13
Mar 12, 2014, 10:53 PM
Weird, the two 5s look so damn similar in scale. Even the sort of break before the top two floors. What a shame to tear down something that spectacular to replace it with something with the nearly exact same dimensions.
SignalHillHiker
Mar 12, 2014, 10:59 PM
I'm very impressed with the amount that's preserved in that Calgary example. Looks beautiful with that mix of old buildings.
SignalHillHiker
Mar 12, 2014, 11:18 PM
More from Vintage St. John's, including two very personal ones.
These photos taken in 1900 are from the village of Quidi Vidi, which is just a 30-minute walk from downtown St. John's, and the centuries-old home of my maternal grandfather. You can see the house he grew up in.
http://i.imgur.com/tQpmy4Y.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/kk69uDM.jpg
(People in St. John's pronounce it Kiddy Viddy; people from there say Kuh-why-da Vie-da. Its nickname is "the Gut". It's just a bastardization of the Italian for "What a sight!", its first settlers.).
A very rare shot of St. John's before the Great Fire of 1892. This photo was a stock photo published with an article about the devastation in the New York Times.
http://i.imgur.com/vDLfsny.jpg
A reminder of how it looked after:
http://i58.tinypic.com/egzwbr.jpg
Witness description: "Of the whole easterly section, scarcely a building remained… of the costly and imposing structures and public buildings which were the pride and glory of the people, scarcely a vestige remained; and St. John's lay in the morning as a city despoiled of her beauty, her choicest ornaments, presenting a picture of utter desolation and woe."
An aerial from the 1920s of a boat sailing out through the Narrows, the entrance to St. John's Harbour.
http://i.imgur.com/2J3i28Y.jpg
The old St. John's Opera House on Duckworth Street.
http://i.imgur.com/LT4mYxb.jpg
And a few cute, old advertisements from our time independent.
http://i.imgur.com/fNa0IrW.jpg
Boris2k7
Mar 12, 2014, 11:32 PM
Weird, the two 5s look so damn similar in scale. Even the sort of break before the top two floors. What a shame to tear down something that spectacular to replace it with something with the nearly exact same dimensions.
It's a bit of an optical illusion, Without taller buildings in the background, it gives much of a different impression in height.
http://i59.tinypic.com/2wgc5yf.png
The green line from the top of the (now gone) Herald Building has been added to show the difference in scale.
Boris2k7
Mar 12, 2014, 11:34 PM
A reminder of how it looked after:
http://i58.tinypic.com/egzwbr.jpg
Witness description: "Of the whole easterly section, scarcely a building remained… of the costly and imposing structures and public buildings which were the pride and glory of the people, scarcely a vestige remained; and St. John's lay in the morning as a city despoiled of her beauty, her choicest ornaments, presenting a picture of utter desolation and woe."
These post-fire photos are always pretty crazy but... wow.
Dylan Leblanc
Mar 13, 2014, 4:36 AM
^ San Francisco got nuttin on that
J.OT13
Mar 13, 2014, 9:28 PM
It's a bit of an optical illusion, Without taller buildings in the background, it gives much of a different impression in height.
http://i59.tinypic.com/2wgc5yf.png
The green line from the top of the (now gone) Herald Building has been added to show the difference in scale.
Oh yeah... Thanks!
Mar 20, 2014, 9:03 PM
Hamilton, 1960's:
Source (https://www.facebook.com/VintageHamilton/photos/a.474734169211548.1613104.357013597650273/746937408657888/?type=1&relevant_count=1)
franktko
Mar 20, 2014, 10:05 PM
A couple images from the port, a bit large I'm afraid...
1920:
Doug
Mar 23, 2014, 2:54 AM
Weird, the two 5s look so damn similar in scale. Even the sort of break before the top two floors. What a shame to tear down something that spectacular to replace it with something with the nearly exact same dimensions.
That building used to host an analog phone switch, which was very heavy and required lots of power and ventilation. That is why it has two vented floors on the top. The building it replaced likely would not have been able to handle the load of that switch.
It also had a microwave tower on top until about the mid 80's.
Chadillaccc
Mar 23, 2014, 7:49 PM
Moncton
I was checking out some photos of vintage Moncton and got stumped. What building is this:
http://vintagemoncton.com/wp-content/gallery/1890s/trishyoung8.jpg
I also really like this shot! You can see the spur line that was behind Assumption Place.
http://vintagemoncton.com/wp-content/gallery/misc/scan_pic0014.jpg
J.OT13
Mar 24, 2014, 12:02 AM
That building used to host an analog phone switch, which was very heavy and required lots of power and ventilation. That is why it has two vented floors on the top. The building it replaced likely would not have been able to handle the load of that switch.
It also had a microwave tower on top until about the mid 80's.
I figured it had some sort of mechanical purpose (in the modern building), but a phone switch. Very elegant solution compared to Ottawa's downtown phone switching building.
On the right:
http://www.pastottawa.com/include/ottawa/images/presentphoto/640/albert_street_bank_street_looking_west_ottawa_2013_1376744149.jpg
From this past/present pictures site. If you click on the link, you will be able to see what it replaced.
http://www.pastottawa.com/comparison/albert-street-between-bank-o-connor/316/
Mar 25, 2014, 3:34 AM
Halifax skyline, 1974:
Mar 25, 2014, 7:55 AM
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BjML5A-CMAAjGfX.jpg
Really like this one - aahhhh takes me back.
Very cool to see how everything evolved.:)
Daveography
Mar 25, 2014, 3:30 PM
This is LITERALLY
THE BEST thread in this forum.
Dylan Leblanc
Mar 25, 2014, 6:57 PM
That Calgary aerial is fantastic. I've never seen a view like that.
Here I cleaned it up
http://gingert.net/images/calgary-1974-01.jpg
Mar 25, 2014, 7:32 PM
^second that. Great shot. What year?
esquire
Mar 25, 2014, 7:38 PM
It's interesting to see that the first round of towers that went up in Calgary during the mid-60s to early-70s were quite tall even when the city itself wasn't really that big. That aerial photo looks like someone photoshopped downtown Phoenix circa 1969 into Regina circa 1969.
Boris2k7
Mar 25, 2014, 7:42 PM
My best guess on the year is 1973. I believe that is 715 Fifth that is under construction, and that was completed in '74.
http://www.dtzbarnicke.com/Client/JJB/JJBNA%20Web%20Listing%20db.nsf/d7035d1a562bb8f3852570d80074569c/65d7db2c5baea82787257436005fa56c!OpenDocument
Mar 26, 2014, 12:18 AM
some old Free Press photos of Portage Ave. and Main St. in Winnipeg.
http://media.winnipegfreepress.com/images/portagemainpov01.jpg
downtown (not sure of the date)
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3741/13511055913_729d7fef1d_b.jpg
the Royal Scot train c1933
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3718/13464257815_55dbac1217_b.jpg
Martin Mtl
Apr 7, 2014, 11:53 PM
Oh my God! Those Vancouver pics are just amazing. What a contrast a few decades can make!
Dr Awesomesauce
Apr 8, 2014, 12:39 AM
I LOVE old pictures of Vancouver - totally unrecognisable! Back in the day, Yaletown would have given Hamilton's N-E end a serious run for its money - grotesque!
someone123
Apr 8, 2014, 12:47 AM
The photos show a lot of old industrial lands but they also show how many great buildings Vancouver had in the early 20th century. A lot of these are still around today, like the Marine Building or Waterfront station (which looks a lot more impressive from the harbour side than it does from street level).
Unfortunately, the original Hotel Vancouver shown in the undated "downtown" photo was demolished in 1949. Few large buildings in that Italianate style have survived in Canada. The details look kind of similar to the Linton apartments in Montreal.
Chadillaccc
Apr 9, 2014, 9:53 PM
Vancouver...
Apr 10, 2014, 12:46 AM
^Wow! I've never seen a photo of Vancouver that old! Amazing stuff.
And for all those cities that say 'It can't be done', just look at those pics of a gritty, old Vancouver - a complete metamorphosis.
Chadillaccc
Apr 10, 2014, 1:45 AM
The first picture I posted, both of those buildings were the tallest buildings in the British Empire when they were built, respectively.
vegeta_skyline
Apr 10, 2014, 3:10 AM
Yaletown/downtown south area c1954
photo by Vancouverbyte https://www.flickr.com/photos/vancouverbyte/13630383884/sizes/l/
What is that structure at the bottom of the picture, some sort of storage tank?
What ever it is, things absolutely huge. Towering over everything like its 400ft tall or something, probably was the tallest structure in Vancouver at that point. :stunned:
SignalHillHiker
Apr 10, 2014, 3:39 AM
A panorama of St. John's from 1922; Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Scroll --->
Apr 10, 2014, 4:13 AM
What is that structure at the bottom of the picture, some sort of storage tank?
What ever it is, things absolutely huge. Towering over everything like its 400ft tall or something, probably was the tallest structure in Vancouver at that point. :stunned:
That structure shows up in many older Vancouver photos, it is the Carrall Street gas plant (also known as the gasometer) which pre dated modern gas transmission lines:
http://illustratedvancouver.ca/post/69091464439/carrall-street-gas-plant
^ That's a great old rare photo of St. John's, SignalHillHiker, thanks for posting that one.
vegeta_skyline
Apr 10, 2014, 8:23 AM
^ cool, thanks for the info
Chadillaccc
Apr 10, 2014, 2:47 PM
The Hotel Vancouver and Marine Building were likely taller than the gas plant. They aren't visible in that image, but both were built in the 30s.
SignalHillHiker
Apr 10, 2014, 3:01 PM
^ That's a great old rare photo of St. John's, SignalHillHiker, thanks for posting that one.
I'd love to go back to then and have a do-over, continue on from 1922 anew. Did you know when Churchill Square was first proposed then, it was centered around tram lines? If we'd actually finished it as designed, we'd have had an extensive tram network from Water Street West to Elizabeth Avenue. Oh, what this city could have been had it taken a different course back then - architecturally, politically, etc. I'd love to have seen everything in this photo preserved, surrounded by the tram-centered suburbs we planned to build then.
SignalHillHiker
Apr 12, 2014, 11:50 PM
April 6, 1914
The Telegram
S.S. Newfoundland disaster: 78 souls perish
Yesterday, there was a wave of sympathy on every street and in every home in St. John’s. The Grenfell Hall or temporary mortuary room, where the bodies were brought for identification was filled all day with sorrowing relatives and friends of the deceased brethren.
Standing outside the Hall all day was a multitude deep in silent grief. The solemnity of the occasion will be remembered for generations to come.
At 5’ o’clock all the bodies were identified. Thirty eight bodies were sent home by special train. The corpses were taken away from the hall in sleighs. In the entire procession thousands of men and boys took part.
One body was drawn on the gun carriage of the H.M.S. Calypso, the departed sealer being a member of the Naval Reserve. The bodies numbering 25, belonging to outports where there are no direct train communication, were hermetically sealed and brought to the morgue last night and will be sent home by steamer.
SignalHillHiker
Apr 13, 2014, 1:41 AM
From Memorial's archives.
A fitting sing-a-long for this set...
O4rGixZunDY
1910s
http://i.imgur.com/9ERpDxf.jpg
Note the Bank of Nova Scotia. The Merchant's Bank (based in Halifax) was the very first foreign bank to open in St. John's. Several small, Maritime-based banks - as well as American ones - joined those of Newfoundland long before the big Central Canadian banks did. It fascinates me because in everything I've read, including interviews with people who supported Confederation, interaction with Canada was minimal. They all say, even the recent Telegram article on the 65th anniversary that interviewed people who voted for Confederation in Gander, without fail: Canada was unknown to us, we knew the Americans fine, but we didn't know anything about Canada.
Before that Goodyear says the United States was a more popular choice, at least for her family. If there was a choice to join the U.S. instead of Canada, she thinks many would have chosen to become Americans.
“Canada was a foreign country to us up until that time,” she says. “Who knows what would have happened if we had joined U.S.A.? We had had enough of trying to govern ourselves and being a colony of Britain. We never seemed to get ahead.”
http://www.thetelegram.com/News/Local/2014-04-01/article-3672439/65-years-of-Canada/1
The presence of these banks, as early as the late 1800s, shows that there was interaction, even if it wasn't in people's consciousness. And it's kind of cute that just about every major bank in Canada's very first international branch (and several American ones) was in Newfoundland. :haha: Doesn't really count anymore now that we're in the club.
Advertisement from the early 1940s:
http://i60.tinypic.com/e9t2sx.jpg
That was about the time that the Canadian banks started to surpass (locally) the local banks. Advertisements like this one, which appeared in the same newspaper edition, were becoming more rare:
http://i62.tinypic.com/54dcaq.jpg
Anyhow, back to the 1910s:
http://i.imgur.com/twl7J1F.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/g2n7rTL.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/LhRf7t4.jpg
And a few ads from the paper in 1947, showing some significantly increased interaction with Canada.
Halifax, Nova Scotia, was regularly included on shipping travel between Newfoundland and New England:
http://i.imgur.com/uN8139E.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/IMP6fz2.jpg
(Fort Amherst and Fort Townshend are two of the three main fortresses that were in St. John's)
Some Canadian companies were operating in Newfoundland, often in conjunction with a British version. Insurance companies in Canadian, British, and American cities all regularly advertised - though ads for local companies often state, "The most popular", "The largest", etc., so it appears the foreign share of the market was still relatively small.
In the 1940s, many American companies noted their Canadian AND Newfoundland agents. This implies, of course, that knowing where the Canadian agent was located was relevant to Newfoundlanders by that time.
http://i.imgur.com/XCJpdF3.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/rieGgw3.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/7VQveve.jpg
And we had no national monopoly on air travel back then - there were actually more options than today. :haha:
http://i.imgur.com/IIa3Tp5.jpg
Apr 13, 2014, 2:40 PM
Memorial archives again.
Cavendish Square used to be referred to as the Mall.
http://i.imgur.com/MnyYsAj.jpg
This is very interesting to me - it's from 1942 and announces that Newfoundland and Canada are now linked by air. The airline is Trans-Canada Airlines, which hired Newfoundlander women from prominent families to serve as stewardesses on the flights to raise the prestige.
But what's really interesting to me is that they refer to Canada as "the mainland", yet call out the United States separately. So that represents a more comfortable, intimate term for Canada, all the way back in 1942.
http://i.imgur.com/JFPDFnk.jpg
Of course, the same paper still shows some differences. Patriotism was alive and well in the middle of WWII:
http://i.imgur.com/raSaRol.jpg
And because Bell Island in suburban St. John's had been bombed by the Nazis, and numerous passenger and freight ferries had been sunk by U-Boats around the island, and because Nazi saboteurs were starting deadly fires in St. John's (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus_Hostel_fire)... we had to take some significant precautions.
(That particular fire became the most famous not only because of its high death toll but because the location was being used to broadcast a live musical performance on the radio. The broadcast stayed live well into the fire, and thousands of people in St. John's heard the young American men and their Newfoundlander dates screaming and dying. Dozens of families rushed to the site to try to find their daughters).
http://i.imgur.com/J3nFJEi.jpg
They even tried to torpedo St. John's:
Five significant attacks on Newfoundland took place in 1942. On 3 March 1942, U-587 fired three torpedoes at St. John’s; one hit Fort Amherst and two more hit the cliffs of Signal Hill below Cabot Tower. In autumn German U-boats attacked four iron ore carriers serving the DOSCO iron mine at Wabana on Bell Island in Newfoundland's Conception Bay. The ships SS Saganaga and SS Lord Strathcona were sunk by U-513 on 5 September 1942, while SS Rosecastle and P.L.M 27 were sunk by U-518 on 2 November with the loss of 69 lives. After the sinkings the submarine fired a torpedo that missed its target, the 3,000-ton collier Anna T, and struck the DOSCO loading pier and exploded. As a result of the torpedo missing its target, Bell Island became the only location in North America to be subject to direct attack by German forces during World War II. On 14 October 1942, the Newfoundland Railway ferry SS Caribou was torpedoed by U-69 and sunk in the Cabot Strait south of Port aux Basques. Caribou was carrying 45 crew and 206 civilian and military passengers. 137 lost their lives, many of them Newfoundlanders.
thomax
Apr 14, 2014, 4:17 PM
Hamilton from the head of James Street South, taken sometime before the James Street Incline was constructed in 1895:
https://scontent-b-mia.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash4/t1.0-9/q74/s720x720/10259974_761477370537225_6367033295505467890_n.jpg
Dr Awesomesauce
Apr 15, 2014, 12:50 AM
^Makes me sad more than anything else. You can really see the damage St Joe's has wreaked on that part of the Durand - little to nothing remains.
Darkoshvilli
Apr 15, 2014, 4:55 AM
Darcy McGee's funeral procession in 1868. Eighty thousand attended out of a total population of 105k.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/McGee_Funeral.jpg
Apr 22, 2014, 10:45 AM
Awesome Calgary shots! :D
Apr 22, 2014, 1:00 PM
Great QC vids
Apr 22, 2014, 9:38 PM
Hamilton - 1970's
The tallest building in this photo is the BDC Building, formerly known as the IBM Building, which was brand new at the time of this photo:
https://scontent-b-mia.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/t1.0-9/1604719_765986590086303_4476431281591456885_n.jpg
Source (https://www.facebook.com/VintageHamilton/photos/a.587994164552214.1073741838.357013597650273/765986590086303/?type=1&relevant_count=1)
The Arkledun Apartments are under construction in the foreground and 100 King Street West (formerly the Stelco Tower) can be seen under construction in the background:
https://scontent-b-mia.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-frc1/t1.0-9/1926785_765990343419261_8037760854140822976_n.jpg
Source (https://www.facebook.com/VintageHamilton/photos/a.587994164552214.1073741838.357013597650273/765990343419261/?type=1&relevant_count=1)
SignalHillHiker
Apr 22, 2014, 10:47 PM
A few more from Memorial University's archives. Most of these are 1890-1930:
Tram network and stops:
Crosbie Hotel:
http://i.imgur.com/x2BNScP.jpg
Look toward Quidi Vidi Lake back in the day. Not how Old Town stops like a brick wall:
http://i.imgur.com/kwvl2IK.jpg
And a view up Signal Hill back in the day. That's Cabot Tower in the upper right:
http://i.imgur.com/wHSS7EW.jpg
The gritty, industrial West End, centered around St. Patrick's Church:
http://i.imgur.com/Jvno726.jpg
And the more upper class East End:
http://i.imgur.com/SoBorS6.jpg
MonkeyRonin
Apr 23, 2014, 1:17 AM
Really cool pics, SHH. If I didn't know any better, I'd have thought they (especially #4, 5, 7, and 8) were from a city in Central Europe or Scandinavia or something.
The Arkledun Apartments are under construction in the foreground and 100 King Street West (formerly the Stelco Tower) can be seen under construction in the background:
https://scontent-b-mia.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-frc1/t1.0-9/1926785_765990343419261_8037760854140822976_n.jpg
Source (https://www.facebook.com/VintageHamilton/photos/a.587994164552214.1073741838.357013597650273/765990343419261/?type=1&relevant_count=1)
And in another case of mistaken identities, scrolling up from the bottom I seriously thought this was Montreal, with PVM under construction in the background and everything. :P
ScreamingViking
Apr 23, 2014, 3:48 AM
Nice additions to the thread MeIsThomas :cheers:
That was around the midpoint of Hamilton's 1960s-70s boom, before big industry changed or closed up and the city began its long painful economic restructuring. It must have really been something to see all that happening.
MolsonExport
Apr 23, 2014, 12:30 PM
Really cool pics, SHH. If I didn't know any better, I'd have thought they (especially #4, 5, 7, and 8) were from a city in Central Europe or Scandinavia or something.
And in another case of mistaken identities, scrolling up from the bottom I seriously thought this was Montreal, with PVM under construction in the background and everything. :P
Same here, with a cursory glance.
someone123
Apr 26, 2014, 5:53 PM
Looking North from Province House in Halifax on Remembrance Day 1928. The larger building on the right side is the old Royal Bank head offices from the 1870's. I've never seen a picture of the building from this perspective before. The building on the far right was a Bank of Montreal branch. The one with the columns was CIBC and is still there.
http://imageshack.com/a/img835/5948/zaiu.png
Source (www.novascotia.ca/nsarm/)
Here's another great one. Hollis Street, 1871. The building in the foreground, the Halifax Hotel, was built around the time when steam ship travel became popular circa 1830.
http://www.novascotia.ca/nsarm/share.asp?url=/nsarm/images/Rogers&path=200600996&title=Joseph%20S.%20Rogers%20NSARM%20Album%20page%2046%20%20%20%20%20www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/%20%20%20%20%20c%202014
Source (http://www.novascotia.ca/nsarm/virtual/rogers/album.asp?ID=46)
I like this one because these buildings are mostly still around. Granville Street, 1871. Not a lot of cities were building like this back then:
http://www.novascotia.ca/nsarm/share.asp?url=/nsarm/images/Rogers&path=200600986&title=Joseph%20S.%20Rogers%20NSARM%20Album%20page%2036%20%20%20%20%20www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/%20%20%20%20%20c%202014
Source (www.novascotia.ca/nsarm/)
Apr 27, 2014, 5:16 AM
That Granville one is impressive!
Even the ceiling height of that British Ware(s/house) on the left side is unusual.
someone123
Apr 27, 2014, 5:34 AM
Many of those are cast-iron facades. These were built in the 1850's when Granville was still ahead of Barrington as the prime shopping district in the city. Barrington pulled ahead in the 1880's and 90's.
Here's the same perspective in 2012:
http://imagizer.imageshack.us/a/img838/4066/aks4.png
(google streetview)
The buildings at the end are the Pentagon Building and Ordnance Yard. They came down in the 60's. Too bad:
http://www.novascotia.ca/nsarm/share.asp?url=/nsarm/images/Rogers&path=200600992&title=Joseph%20S.%20Rogers%20NSARM%20Album%20page%2042%20%20%20%20%20www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/%20%20%20%20%20c%202012
Source (www.novascotia.ca/nsarm)
May 6, 2014, 4:09 AM
Hamilton, 1920's
The Piggott Building is under construction in the center of the photo. James Street runs down the middle of the photo and the James Street Incline Railway is in the foreground.
https://scontent-a-iad.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn2/t1.0-9/q71/s720x720/10329196_773005462717749_4171425122247098982_n.jpg
Source (https://www.facebook.com/VintageHamilton/photos/a.691894477495515.1073741866.357013597650273/773005462717749/?type=1&relevant_count=1)
roccerfeller
May 6, 2014, 10:24 AM
http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/pcimages/PC/005/web/PC005274.jpg
http://calgarypubliclibrary.com/Media/Blogs/Community%20Heritage%20and%20Family%20History/Gallery/Lakeview.jpg
http://calgarypubliclibrary.com/blogs/community-heritage-and-family-history?t=featured&pg=3
The crescent heights shot especially blows my mind
Chadillaccc
May 7, 2014, 2:48 AM
The once beautiful Cecil Hotel. Now plagued by a history of untold numbers of murders, attempted murders, prostitution, and seediness. It's been closed since 2009, once the city bought the land and had it closed down. In 2008, the police received 1700 calls to the hotel because of stabbings or unprovoked attacks, fights, etc. It is to be redeveloped as part of the East Village. I really hope they restore it to its former beauty.
http://wpmedia.news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/cecil_old1.jpg?w=620&h=394
This is unfortunately what it looks like today...
http://wpmedia.news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/cecil_hotel_now.jpg?w=620
| i don't know |
What type of vehicle is a Pashley Princess? | Bicycle! Bicycle!: Pashley Princess Sovereign in Buckingham Black.
Monday, April 23, 2012
Pashley Princess Sovereign in Buckingham Black.
After my initial search for an all-weather upright bike led me to the dead-end junction of retail frustration and bicycle shop proprietor aggression, I was ready to concede that Perth was still a bicycle backwater, at least so far as Dutch style bikes were concerned. A week had passed after my doomed Gazelle and Lekker test rides, another slovenly Saturday sat fat-bottomed on my horizon and I relegated skirt guards and built in lighting to the dusty box marked, 'Discarded Dreams'. But my melodrama was soon interrupted by Ginger, he came back from some early morning errand excitedly ejaculating about finding a shop stocking the third bike on my test ride list: The Pashley Princess Sovereign. Hand built in England with a lugged steel frame, dynamo headlight, integrated rear light, hub gears, fully enclosed chain case, skirt guard, rear wheel lock, wicker basket, Brooks saddle, frame mounted pump and 'Ding-dong' bell; The Sovereign is the Rolls Royce of Upright Bicycling.
Image from official Pashley Cycles site found here .
We immediately drove to the better-heeled part of town so I could see if the hype was justified. It was clear that the shop primarily catered to selling very expensive road bikes to men who believe in buying very expensive road bikes. Ugly team jerseys and taint specific saddles abounded. This was too usual a state of affairs to note in detail, the main difference between this and every other shop I had previously encountered (apart from the road bikes being more expensive) was that they had a section of 'obviously girly' upright bicycles. The kind of bicycles a status conscious roadie might be convinced to purchase for his girlfriend/wife without her consultation and then spend their weekend outings eye-rolling at her inability to keep up in the park. "Is that wicker basket slowing you down, babe? Should've got a carbon one!" (Side bar: If your significant other insists on calling you babe, then all the weight reductions in Roadie Land probably won't make a ride with him any less leaden.) However, when you live in a bicycle backwater you cannot mind the cynical motives behind a bike shop stocking town bicycles, you simply give silent thanks and then prepare to be patronised for your purchasing choices.
Pashley Head Badge.
The Pashley Princess Sovereign is the spec-cream of the English made Pashley Cycles crop. Solidly understated and completely conventional, it is what you picture in your head when somebody says, 'British Bicycle'. The company offers a limited but coherent design aesthetic, featuring their classically shaped, lugged steel frame in a restrained yet delightful range of colours. Pink, blue, the quintessential bicycle red. You've probably seen a Pashley on television or film if anybody was in sniffing distance of an English village. You've definitely seen one if you were paying attention when Anne Hathaway got smeared by an automobile in that film about odious little Thatcherites having terribly white problems once a year. That was a red Pashley Britannia. (The bike, I think the car might actually have been a bus. I was too busy looking at the bicycle.)
Fully enclosed chain case means less chain maintenance, more weather proofing.
Woah, hey! No derailleur! The rear hub.
Pashleys have been manufactured in England since 1926 and wear their pedigree with pride. They are Dutch bikes: English style. A modicum lighter and slightly more compact in their geometry than their Oma cousins, Pashleys are aimed at both the urban and country environment provided the hills aren't too steep and the roads are semi-surfaced. Of their loop frames, The Princess Sovereign is the most expensive but broken down into its parts (and taking the manufacturing into account) it's not difficult to see why. Different Pashleys have different specification levels, a pop of colour will cost you gears or change the handlebar shape but they're all superficially the same. Being the 'top of the line', the Princess sovereign has the most gears of the loop frames - 5 speed Sturmey Archer hub gears. Though they are very proud of their English heritage, Pashley have fitted the Sovereign with a Pletscher rear rack. I presume this is because of the universally acknowledged strength and quality of Pletscher carriers, they easily accommodate baby seats and other heavy loads. Unfortunately, they have a Pletscher specific mounting system for baskets which is useless in Australia but they also have the standard 'rat trap' so your ability to carry is not compromised if you possess some ingenuity. (And by ingenuity I mean you can totally cram a milk crate on the back if you have no self-respect.)
The dynamo driven headlight has a wide arc of illumination.
The rear LED is steady (Not flashing), battery powered and very visible.
The Princess Sovereign model comes in three frame sizes and two colours, 'Buckingham Black' or 'Regency Green'. The shop had one of each colour in the medium sized frame on sale as they were the previous model and had some shop soiling. I crossed my fingers that I wasn't too tall (Pashley go by inner leg length so there is quite some overlap between frames) and then I rode them both along the leafy streets of Nedlands, dodging unnecessarily rugged 4WDs as I went. I was instantly pleased. Compared to the relative nimbleness of the steel Schwinn Jenny, the steel Princess Sovereign felt like a particularly elegant steamroller - I barrelled along the road propelled as much by inertia as peddling, the sheer weight of the Sovereign meant that what she lacked in quick starts she made up for in unstoppable force. The riding position was a great substitute for posture training and the distance between my knees and the handlebars gave a feeling of riding very neatly. It was obvious why they named her Sovereign - I couldn't help but feel regal. Compared to the Schwinn, everything felt more formal, from the harder saddle encouraging me to sit properly, to the super-solid pedals. It required a more formal style of bicycling than the breezy, casual cuteness of the Jenny 7 Speed. This was my first encounter with hub gears, though I was familiar with the 'thumb shifter' style changer mounted on the handlebars. It was quite the psychological leap to accept the fact I could change gears while at a complete stop or during active peddling. Still, I never quite got over derailleurs so I continue to pause cranking when I shift - at least it keeps me from getting back on the Schwinn and decimating the mechanism. The green Sovereign shifted smoother than the black (A hint of woe to be examined another time.) and this alone made the choice of colour difficult. As much as I wanted the black model, I could see it had been ridden a lot more and the green one actually had dust on it, so unloved was the colour. In the end I chose personal style over perfection and took the black Sovereign, though it was destined to cause trouble through no fault of its own.
The Brooks takes some breaking in and was a shock even to my fat bottom, especially
after the plushness of the Schwinn's comfort saddle but once it did, it was heavenly.
The Princess Sovereign may look genteel but she has a surprising amount of street smarts. First there's the rear wheel lock. The key stays inside until the lock is activated, you push a lever down and it 'locks' the back wheel, preventing it from turning and making the Sovereign impossible to simply ride away. The weight then deters anybody from kidnapping. I combine the rear lock with a cable, thankful that I don't reside in a city where bike thieves strip Brooks and everything must be U-locked. (I still remove the French made pump when I leave it outside, though.) Looking at the wheels of the Pashley, you may wonder where the spoke mounted reflectors are. They are absent because along with great lighting, the Sovereign comes with Schwalbe puncture resistant Marathon Plus tyres which have a reflective sidewall. Very reflective, much more so than traditional reflectors.
Here it is reflecting a flash in daylight.
At night, flash photography makes it resemble a UFO.
The tough tyres are perfect for urban environments, living near a pub in Perth meant there was often glass on the pavement outside my house and the Pashley accidentally rolled over shards on more than one occasion, never a puncture to blight her. Unfortunately, it's now a conscious effort to avoid rocks and glass on my other bicycle after I grew too accustomed to disregarding them. The tyres are that good. For all her toughness the Sovereign does retain some delicacy through the included wicker basket - despite the rack to hold it in place I couldn't bring myself to trust the lovely leather straps and woven wicker to the elements (This was to be my all-weather bike, after all) so on the way home from her liberation we stopped at Ginger's preferred bike shop (He had become a roadie, much to my shame.) and bought the incongruously stocked (For a standard roadie-centric shop - so they were on sale!) Bontrager faux-wicker front basket and attempted to purchase a matching rear one. This is where the Bontrager Vs Pletscher problem manifested. Both companies are heavily invested in the prestige of their rear racks and as such they have both created accessories compatible only with their specific carriers. After much examination, it was accepted that the Bontrager system was completely incompatible with the Pletscher rack, not even the rat trap provided a work-around. Fortunately, there was another rear basket with a spring loaded 'quick release' style, universal rack attachment that clipped it to the sides of the carrier. An occy-strap purchase later and it was semi-permenantly attached to the Pletscher. My Pashley Princess Sovereign arrived home, triumphant.
The full stack of baskets. Handlebar mounted Bontrager and no-name brand
secured with small black strap under rack.
In the absence of a cargo net, I bought a second, more colourful and wider strap to secure loads.
After over a year of riding it, I have found one flaw with the Pashley: It's so heavy that the kick-stand does not support it properly when unburdened and especially not when it's carrying a rear load. Many a time I've had to catch it and a few times I have failed and then had to straighten the handlebars. It's my desire to install a double stand (Like Dutch bikes often have) and Pletscher makes one I will eventually order online. Apart from that, I can say that for me the Pashley was absolutely worth the price. Though at about AU$1700, you can trust I have comprehensive bicycle insurance. (And also that I didn't pay retail.) It changed the way I ride - the weight and proportion required me to be more mindful in the beginning, to watch my technique. Once I mastered it, nothing could beat the feeling of stability and 'solidness' with the bizarre bonus that the more I asked the Pashley to carry, the less I felt like I was carrying anything, making the Sovereign an excellent transportation cycling/cargo option as well as a leisure ride. Unsurprising, as Pashley famously make old-fashioned cargo and work bikes for businesses in the U.K. Think mobile ice-cream sellers, deliveries etc. A woman even went touring on a Princess Sovereign so they're evidently built to carry. Pashley make roadsters as well as loop frames and have even recently delved into cruiser shapes. Whether this is folly remains to be decided by the market but so long as they continue to do what they do best, a few of these English gems will find their way to Australia and wait patiently to be appreciated.
And the fat-bottomed will continue to pose with them on front lawns.
P.S. For the one major fault inherent to the Pashley Princess Sovereign, I refer you to my more recent feelings on the bloody kickstand .
P.P.S. A lot of traffic arrives at this post searching for the weight of the Pashley. Without knowing exactly I can confirm that my medium frame Pashley is pretty damn heavy by modern bicycle standards. Heavy enough that a very fit personal trainer friend remarked upon it when lifting the back and estimated it to be about 20kg. I am woeful at judging weight by lift so take this with a grain of salt. Just know you'll probably struggle to get it up more than a few stairs.
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| Bicycle |
I Capuleti e i Montecchi is an opera by Vincenzo Bellini based on which story? | Pashley Bikes
Halfords | Pashley Bikes | Cycling | Mens Bikes | Womens Bikes | Classic Bikes
Pashley bikes at Halfords
Discover the Pashley bikes range at Halfords, featuring a timeless collection of distinctive classic bicycles for the more discerning rider.
Pashley Cycles have been creating quintessential British bikes for over 80 years, combining stylish vintage looks with quality materials and exacting standards.
Whether you?re an urban commuter or simply enjoy relaxed rides in the park, there?s a Pashley bike to match your lifestyle - take a look through our Pashley range by clicking on the links below.
PASHLEY CYCLES - QUALITY BRITISH BIKES SINCE 1926
Founded by William ?Rath? Pashley in 1926, Pashley Cycles has a rich history of creating iconic bikes that are loved the world over for their unique style and class - a real British success story.
Even today, each Pashley bicycle is painstakingly hand-built by engineers at the company?s HQ in Stratford-Upon-Avon, using astonishing attention to detail and strict quality control.
And because they fuse timeless looks with a modern twist, Pashley bikes will never go out of fashion - get your hands on one today by checking out our full Pashley collection.
DISCOVER THE PASHLEY BIKES RANGE
The Pashley bikes range is suitable for all sorts of riding, be it for fun, fitness, or simply getting from A to B in style.
From the grace and elegance of the Pashley Poppy to the simplicity and practicality of the Pashley Parabike, there should be something in the collection for you.
It?s the finer details such as the Brooks leather saddles, fitted mudguards, optional leather handlebar grips and a relaxed riding position that make the Pashley experience so enjoyable.
Pashley bikes are in a class of their own - get yours now by taking a look through our full Pashley range.
ORDER PASHLEY BIKES AT HALFORDS
Pashley bicycles can be reserved online for collection from your local Halfords store.
Alternatively, you can buy online for home delivery, and we?ll deliver it direct to your door.
We?ll even give you a free 6-week service to help ensure that your Pashley bike is performing at its best - order from Halfords.com today.
| i don't know |
Which conductor is the musical director of the Halle Orchestra? | Conductor Timeline | Hallé Orchestra
Conductor Timeline
Principal Conductors of the Hallé
* indicates permanent conductor
Sir Charles Hallé * 1858-1895
Sir Charles Hallé dominated the musical life in Manchester for nearly 50 years. He is of course best remembered for his founding of the Orchestra that bears his name, but before that he conducted the Gentlemen’s Concerts, and the Royal Northern College of Music is another continuing part of his legacy.
Karl Hallé was born into a musical family in Hagen, Westphalia, Germany in 1819. The young Halle was performing from the age of four, and aged 11 conducted Hagen’s annual opera season when his father was ill. Hallé went to Paris in 1836 and there met and made friends with Chopin & Berlioz and other musicians who frequented the salon society. The revolution of 1848 changed all thought of remaining in Paris however and with many other artistic refugees Hallé headed for England. It was at this point he anglicised his name, adding the accent to ensure it was pronounced correctly.
Manchester in 1848 was a wealthy industrial city. It had a thriving German community and a flourishing musical tradition in the Gentlemen’s Concerts. Hermann Leo was a Manchester calico printer who had met Hallé in Paris, it was he who suggested that Hallé ‘take Manchester in hand’. Hallé performed in a concert for the Gentlemen’s Concerts in 1848 and a year later was appointed their conductor. He was given wide powers to raise standards, and one of his first moves was to insist on more concerts that the general public were admitted to, rather than private subscribers. Hallé saw his role as much as an educator as anything, and his determination to make music accessible was one of his outstanding qualities.
In 1857 Manchester staged an arts treasures exhibition and Hallé was engaged to provide daily concerts. For this he recruited players from the continent to enlarge his existing orchestra to sixty. As Hallé himself later wrote:
“When the Exhibition closed its doors in October 1857, the orchestra which I had taken so much trouble to form and which had given such satisfaction, was on the point of being dispersed to the four points of the compass, never to be heard of again in Manchester. This was excessively painful to me, and to prevent it I determined to give weekly concerts during the autumn and winter at my own risk and peril, and to engage the whole band, trusting to the now awakened taste for music for success…I felt that the whole musical education of the public had to be undertaken”.
The first concert was, of course given at the Free Trade Hall on 30th January 1858, and they have continued uninterrupted ever since.
Frederick Cowen 1896-1899
Richter was offered the conductorship of the Hallé in 1895, but was unable to accept at the time, making it clear however that he was keen to come at a later date. Cowen was appointed annually as conductor until the Hallé Concerts Society was formed. His departure was bitterly resented by Cowen, who had certainly regarded himself as the Permanent Conductor, he recalled in his autobiography “it was very galling to me to think that there I had been for a couple of years striving to maintain the success of the concerts to the best of my ability, without the faintest notion that I was simply ‘keeping the place warm’ all the while for my celebrated colleague to step into whenever he felt so disposed.”
At the time Cowen was angry enough to bring in the press, with letters to the Manchester Guardian about his grievances and a personal letter to Richter asking him not to accept the Hallé position.
Hans Richter * 1899-1911
By a strange quirk of fate Hans Richter was conducting at the Free trade Hall on the day Hallé died. He was acknowledged at the time as being one of the world’s greatest conductors, if not the greatest. His enthusiasm for moving from the Vienna Philharmonic to Manchester in 1899 shows just how highly regarded Sir Charles’ ‘band’ was. A strong personality Richter could play every instrument in the orchestra and conducted entirely from memory. He championed the work of Elgar, who dedicated his first symphony to Richter ‘True Artist & True Friend’ which was given its world premiere in Manchester on 3rd December 1908. He left one further lasting legacy in the Pension Fund. For many years there had been a tradition of a final concert in the series ‘for the benefit of the band’. The formation of the Hallé Concerts Society had provided for the endowment of a ‘sustentation fund’ for cases of need within the Orchestra and their families. At the end of the 1901 season Richter announced to the press his intention to give a special concert in aid of the fund at the end of each season. These concerts continued until 1961.
Michael Balling * 1912-1914
A musical pioneer very much in the Charles Hallé mould, Balling’s tenure was cut short by the First World War, he was visiting his homeland when war broke out and therefore unable to return to England. A protégé of Richter’s at Bayreuth, he introduced many new composers and their works to Manchester including Mahler. He increased rehearsal time, took the press into his confidence and pushed for civic aid for the Hallé Concerts.
Sir Thomas Beecham 1914-1920 & 1933-1939
During the First World War Beecham took the title Musical Adviser, conducting many concerts and planning those he could not. He was instrumental in revitalising the Hallé programmes still further with works by Delius, Ravel, Debussy and Stravinksy amongst others. He took no fees throughout the war-time period and this generosity did much to help ensure the Hallé’s survival. He was strongly in favour of the appointment of Hamilton Harty as permanent conductor. After Harty’s departure in 1933 Sir Thomas again took a role in maintaining the concert programming and planning, sharing responsibility for a number of years with Sir Malcolm Sargent and various guest conductors.
Sir Hamilton Harty * 1920-1933
Under Sir Hamilton Harty the Hallé made its first commercial recordings, with Columbia, and its first broadcasts. Harty secured a contract from Columbia that allowed him to increase rehearsal times, and he re-approached the issue of municipal aid. He secured some financial support for a series of Municipal Concerts at Manchester’s Town Hall, which survived until 1940. His dismissal of the few women players who had joined the Orchestra during the First World War sparked controversy, as did his programming in the later years of his tenure.
Sir Malcolm Sargent 1933-1942
Following Harty’s departure the Hallé relied on a succession of guest conductors as well as on regular appearances by Beecham and Sargent. Sargent’s work with the Hallé during the early part of the Second World War remains legendary, including a promise to conduct the Hallé ‘on the street corners if necessary’.
Sir John Barbirolli * 1943-1970
Still remembered with great admiration and affection by many, Sir John arrived in a war-torn Manchester in June 1943. What happened next is the stuff of legend. He had a month to assemble and train an orchestra of 70 players who were required to follow a punishing schedule of concerts – 258 in 1944-45, only a third of which were in Manchester. He took the Hallé on their first foreign tours, oversaw its first television appearance and left a legacy of great recordings that are still enjoyed today. Sir John presided over the Hallé’s Centenary season in 1957-58 and is the only conductor to have been presented with the Hallé’s gold medal for long service.
He declined several lucrative offers to conduct other orchestras, remarking to his wife after one ovation at Belle Vue ‘I simply can’t leave that’.
James Loughran CBE * 1971-1983
Loughran oversaw the remodelling of the Industrial Concerts as the Opus One series, conducted at the Hallé Promenade Concerts and introduced several contemporary works to Manchester. An impressive discography includes the complete Brahms symphonies. He developed the Hallé’s touring schedule throughout Europe, including Norway and Sweden as well as Hong Kong and Australia for the first time.
Stanislaw Skrowaczewski * 1982-1992
Under Skrowaczewski the Hallé toured to the United States for the first time in 1987, and in the same year made an emotional tour to Poland, the country of his birth. Memorable performances of Bruckner and Shostakovich stand alongside critically acclaimed recordings. Skrowaczewski continues to make regular visits to the Hallé.
Kent Nagano * 1992-2000
Kent Nagano took the Hallé to its new home in Manchester, The Bridgewater Hall. Artistic highlights of his tenure included appearances at the Salzburg Festival, concert performances of Britten’s Billy Budd, Puccini’s Tosca and Mahler’s Das klagende Lied. The Orchestra also toured to Japan for the first time and played at the Hollywood Bowl.
Sir Mark Elder CBE * appointed 2000
Sir Mark Elder, who was knighted for services to music in 2008, became Music Director in 2000. Under his leadership the Hallé has won numerous awards, including the South Bank Award for collaborations with the BBC Philharmonic, Royal Northern College of Music and City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. Sir Mark was awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2011. The Hallé today ranks among the UK’s top symphonic ensembles, with award winning recordings, radio broadcasts and educational outreach programmes, one of which, the Hallé ‘Roadshow’ is very much Sir Marks’ inspiration.
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Who is the landlady of Sherlock Holmes? | Mark Elder, conductor – portrait of the artist | Music | The Guardian
Portrait of the artist
Mark Elder, conductor – portrait of the artist
The Hallé conductor reveals how conducting is like riding a horse, why Nigel Kennedy has annoyed him – and how a life in music is hard on your loved ones
‘A conductor spends a lot of time silently studying. That can be hard for the people you love’ … Mark Elder, conductor and music director of the Hallé Orchestra. Photograph: Frantzesco Kangaris for the Guardian
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What first drew you to conducting?
At 10, I was taken to rehearsals for three operas at Glyndebourne . I loved the smell, the atmosphere, the theatricality – and I became aware of the role of the conductor. But it wasn't until I went to Sydney in 1972 that I started to conduct.
What was your big breakthrough?
When I came back from Australia, I joined English National Opera under Charles Mackerras . One day, he realised he couldn't conduct a new production of Salome, and so he handed it to me – like John the Baptist's head on a plate.
You've made a lot of changes at the Hallé (1). Does classical music need to evolve to survive?
All creative work does. "Classical music" is such an inadequate label, though to say "serious music" is also awful. It implies something stuffy and hifalutin. It's very important that children are shown how much all music can affect them – jazz, rock, rap or classical. And not just children, either. At a recent Hallé concert, a 60-year-old woman came up and said: "I've never been to an event like this in my life – and I'm hooked." I was thrilled that, at that time of her life, she was open enough to accept it.
What do you make of Vasily Petrenko's recent claim that orchestras play better under male conductors (2)?
Vasily was a little unfortunate, I think. There are a number of extremely talented women conductors – I just wish there were more. I'm sure it's only a matter of time before the Berlin Philharmonic has a female music director.
Who or what have you sacrificed for your art?
Relationships are hard: my previous marriage wasn't really happy or successful. A conductor spends an enormous amount of his life silently studying. That can be very difficult for the people you love.
What's the biggest myth about being a conductor?
Just read Nigel Kennedy's recent interview in your paper. He and I have given wonderful performances together, and yet there he was saying we're all a load of wankers, and that nobody knows what we're there for. That's exactly the myth we face – when of course the art of conducting is infinitely subtle, like riding a horse.
What was the last book you read?
A little volume called Dinner with Lenny (3). It's an edited transcript of the last long interview Bernstein ever gave. Even right at the end of his life, he was so alive, full of interesting things to say.
Which artists do you most admire?
Shakespeare is the greatest artist we have – whoever he was. And I admire Verdi for overcoming insuperable odds in improving the standard of opera in Italy at the time.
How would you like to be remembered?
As a musician who, through the humanity of his music-making, brought music to as many people as possible.
In short
Born: Hexham, Northumberland, 1947
Career: Is music director of the Hallé Orchestra and a principal artist of the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment . Has conducted at the Proms and the world's major opera houses. His recording of Elgar's the Apostles won a Gramophone Award last month , and he conducts the Hallé in Britten in Wartime on Thursday at the Bridgewater Hall, Manchester (halle.co.uk).
High point: "Many. Singing the St Matthew Passion as a chorister at Canterbury. Taking the English National Opera to Moscow. Conducting the Hallé through Parsifal at the Proms ."
Low point: "Accepting a prestigious invitation to conduct at the Bayreuth festival when I was very young. I just wasn't experienced enough."
Footnotes
(1) Elder has considered dropping evening dress for male musicians, and brought in collaborations with bands such as Elbow .
(2) The principal conductor of the National Youth Orchestra and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic caused a storm earlier this month by claiming that "a cute girl on a podium means that musicians think about other things".
(3) Jonathan Cott's book recalls his 1989 dinner with Bernstein, in which the musician smokes, sings and gets hot under the collar while talking of the sudden close of Sibelius's First Symphony: "Two chords. That's it – as if to say, 'Fuck you, if you don't like it, go home.' Very 20th century."
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England has twice been runner-up in the Rugby Union World Cup, to Australia in 1991 and to which country in 2007? | Rugby World Cup 2015 | WorldCup.com.au | World Cup
2015 Rugby World Cup
The Rugby World Cup was established in 1987 and has been held every four years since. Played out between the top national teams in the world, the winners battle for the William Webb Ellis Cup.
Sixteen teams took part in the 1987 tournament, however from 1999 onward twenty teams have participated. The Rugby World Cup tournament is governed by the International Rugby Board (IRB).
The last Rugby World Cup was hosted by New Zealand in 2011. The next Rugby World Cup will be hosted by England in 2015. Japan have been confirmed as the hosts for the 2019 Rugby World Cup in an endeavour to shift the game outside of the traditional six nations that usually host and excel and in the competition.
Webb Ellis Cup
The Webb Ellis Cup. Source: Fox Sports
The William Webb Ellis Cup was forged in 1906 and selected prior to the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 as the tournament trophy. It is named after William Webb Ellis, who according to popular legend pioneered the game of Rugby Union by holding the football during a game and running with it. He happened to be attending the Rugby School in Warwickshire, England, which is how we now have the name for our sport. The incident is supposed to have happened in 1823. William caught the ball, which was allowed under the rules, but he then ran with it. William seems to have been an outside-the-box thinker, as records also indicate that he occasionally took “unfair advantage at cricket”. Whatever his actions, there are few first-hand accounts, and none reliable. More recent sources have speculated that the legend was largely perpetuated by those at the Rugby School in an endeavour to retain control of the sport, as the official investigation into the myth occurred around the same time as the rift between Rugby League and Rugby Union was becoming apparent.
The Webb Ellis Cup is awarded to the victors of the Rugby World Cup. It has been held by four separate nations since its introduction; New Zealand (twice), Australia (twice), South Africa (twice) and England.
Rugby World Cup Qualification
There were no qualifying rounds in the 1987 Rugby World Cup. Instead, seven member nations of the International Rugby Football Board (now the International Rugby Board (IRB)) along with 9 invitees comprised the 16 competing nations. The 1991 tournament had eight pre-filled places and eight which were won via a 24 nation qualifying competition.
The modern Rugby World Cup format comprises of a total of twenty nations, twelve of which are filled by teams who achieved third or higher in the pool stages at the previous tournament. The remaining eight slots are allocated regionally, with two teams from the Americas, an Asian team, an African team, two European teams and one team from Oceania, with the remaining spot determined via a play-off.
Rugby World Cup Tournament Structure
There are minor changes to tournament structure each time the Rugby World Cup comes around. The 2015 England tournament (likely the same for Japan 2019) will comprise of twenty nations competing over a period of six weeks. There are two stages. During the Group stage, all teams are divided into four pools of five. The top four seeds (as determined by the IRB) are spread across those pools, then ranks 5-8 are spread across the pools, and so on.
Each nation plays all the other nations in their pool once. There is a Bonus Points system, which grants additional points for certain milestones in a game. The Bonus Points system works alongside the normal points allocation for wins and draws and is designed to encourage attacking, try-scoring play. The current format is as follows:
Win: 4 points
Scoring 4 or more tries: 1 point
Losing by 7 points or fewer: 1 point
If two teams are on equivalent points, there are certain criteria used to separate them. The winner and second-placed team from each pool enter the final stage, which is knock-out. The knock-out stage is comprised of quarter finals, in which the winners of each pool are pitched against the runners-up of a different pool. Quarter-final winners progress to the semi-finals, and the two winning teams from those matches compete in the final. The two losing teams from the semi-finals compete in the Bronze Final for third.
If there is a draw during the knock-out stages, extra time is allocated. If the game is still deadlocked after extra time, it goes into sudden death and the next point wins. If no team scores after extra time and a period of sudden death, the game is resolved via a kicking competition.
Rugby World Cup Results
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Help the Aged merged with which other charity in 2009 to form Age UK? | England national rugby union team | Rugby Union | Fandom powered by Wikia
England national rugby union team
England national rugby union team
242pages on
First international (also the world's first)
Scotland 4 1 England
( 6 June , 1998 ) World Cup Appearances 6 (First in 1987 ) Best result Champions, 2003 </div></div>
The England national rugby union team represents England in rugby union . They compete in the annual Six Nations Championship with France , Ireland , Scotland , Italy , and Wales . They have won this championship on 25 occasions, 12 times winning the Grand Slam . England also compete for the Calcutta Cup —which they currently hold—with Scotland as part of the Six Nations. England are currently ranked fourth in the world by the International Rugby Board . They won the Rugby World Cup in 2003 and finished runner-up in 1991 and 2007 .
The history of the team extends back to 1871 when the English rugby team played their first official Test match , losing to Scotland by one try. England dominated the early Home Nations Championship (now the Six Nations) which started in 1883. Following the schism of rugby football in 1895, England did not win the Championship again until 1910. England first played against New Zealand (the All Blacks ) in 1905, South Africa in 1906, and Australia in 1909. England was one of the teams invited to take part in the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 and went on to appear in the final in the second cup in 1991 only to be defeated by Australia. Following their 2003 Six Nations Grand Slam, England won that year's World Cup — beating Australia 20–17 in extra time. They also contested the final in 2007 but finished as runners up, losing 15–6 to South Africa.
England players traditionally wear white shorts, navy socks (although they are now white and red) with white tops, and a white shirt with a red rose embroidered on it, and for the first time in the English rugby team's history, their away shirt is red (up until recently, navy blue has been the traditional colour). Their home ground is Twickenham Stadium where they first played in 1910. The team is administered by the Rugby Football Union (RFU). Four former players have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame .
Contents
File:The-First-England-Team.jpg
The expansion of rugby in the first half of the 19th century was driven by ex-pupils from many of England's Public Schools , especially Rugby , who, upon finishing school, took the game with them to universities, to London , and to the counties. [2] England's first international match was against Scotland on Monday 27 March 1871 . [3] Not only was this match England's first, but it also proved to be the first ever rugby union international. [3] Scotland won the match with two tries and a conversion to one try; a 4–1 victory in front of a crowd of 4,000 people at Raeburn Place , Edinburgh . [4] A subsequent international took place at the Oval in London which saw England defeat Scotland 8–3. [5] [6]
In 1875, England played their first game against the Irish at the Oval, winning 7–0; the match was Ireland's first ever Test. [7] [8] England defeated Scotland in 1880 to become the first winners of the Calcutta Cup . [9] [10] Their first match against Wales was played on February 19 , 1881 at Richardson's Field in Blackheath . [10] [11] England recorded their largest victory, defeating the Welsh 30–0 and scoring 13 tries in the process. [11] The subsequent meeting the following year at St Helens in Swansea was a closer contest; with England winning 10–0. [12] Two years later, the first Home Nations championship was held and England emerged as the inaugural winners. [13] In 1889, England played their first match against a non-home nations team when they defeated the New Zealand Natives 7–0 at Rectory Field in Blackheath. [14] [15] In 1890 England shared the Home Nations trophy with Scotland. [16]
England first played New Zealand (the All Blacks ) in 1905. The All Blacks scored five tries, worth three points at this time, to win 15–0. [17] The following year, they played France for the first time, and later that year they first faced South Africa (known as the Springboks); James Peters was withdrawn from the England squad after the South Africans objected to playing against a black player. The match was drawn 3–3. [18] England first played France in 1907, [19] and Australia (known as the Wallabies) in 1909 when they were defeated 3–9. [20]
The year 1909 saw the opening of Twickenham as the RFU's new home, which heralded a golden era for English rugby union. England's first international at Twickenham brought them victory over Wales, and England went on to win the International Championship (then known as the Five Nations) for the first time since the great schism of 1895. Although England did not retain the title in 1911, they did share it in 1912. A Five Nations Grand Slam was then achieved in 1913 and 1914 as well as in 1921 following the First World War . England subsequently won the Grand Slam in 1924 and as well as in 1925. [21] This was despite having started 1925 with a loss to the All Black Invincibles in front of 60,000 fans at Twickenham. [22]
After winning another Grand Slam in 1928, England played the Springboks in front of 70,000 spectators at Twickenham in 1931. Following the ejection of France due to professionalism in 1930, which thus reverted The Five Nations back to the Home Nations tournament, [23] England went on to win the 1934 and 1937 Home Nations with a Triple Crown, [24] and in 1935 achieved their first victory over the All Blacks. [25] [26]
When the Five Nations resumed with the re-admission of France in 1947 after the Second World War , England shared the championship with Wales. The early Five Nations competitions of the 1950s were unsuccessful for England, winning one match in the 1950 and 1951 championships. [21] England toured South Africa for the first time in 1952 where they lost to the Springboks 8–3. England won the 1953 Five Nations, and followed this up with a Grand Slam in 1957, and win in 1958. England broke France's four-championship streak by winning the 1963 Championship. [21] After this victory, England played three Tests in the Southern Hemisphere and lost all three: 21–11 and 9–6 against the All Blacks, and 18–9 against Australia. [27] England did not win a single match in 1966, and managed only a draw with Ireland. They did not win another Championship that decade.
Don White was appointed as England's first-ever coach in 1969. According to former Northampton player Bob Taylor, "Don was chosen because he was the most forward-thinking coach in England". [28] His first match in charge was an 11–8 victory over South Africa at Twickenham in 1969. Of the eleven games England played with White in charge they won three, and drew one and lost seven. He resigned as England coach in 1971.
England had wins against Southern Hemisphere teams in the 1970s; with victories over South Africa in 1972, New Zealand in 1973 and Australia in 1976. The 1972 Five Nations Championship was not completed due to the Troubles in Northern Ireland when Scotland and Wales refused to play their Five Nations away fixtures in Ireland. England played in Dublin in 1973 and were given a standing ovation lasting five minutes. After losing 18–9 at Lansdowne Road , the England captain, John Pullin famously stated, "We might not be very good but at least we turned up." [29]
England started the following decade with a Grand Slam victory in the 1980 Five Nations - their first for 23 years. [30] However in the 1983 Five Nations, England failed to win a game and picked up the wooden spoon . [31] In the first Rugby World Cup in New Zealand and Australia, England were grouped in pool A alongside Australia, Japan and the United States . England lost their first game 19–6 against Australia. They went on to defeat Japan and the United States, and met Wales in their quarter-final, losing the match 16–3. [32]
In 1989, England won matches against Romania and Fiji , followed by victories in their first three Five Nations games of 1990. They lost to Scotland in their last game however, giving Scotland a Grand Slam. England recovered in the following year by winning their first Grand Slam since 1980. England hosted the 1991 World Cup and were in pool A, along with the All Blacks, Italy and the United States. Although they lost to the All Blacks in pool play, they qualified for a quarter-final going on to defeat France 19–10. England then defeated Scotland 9–6 to secure a place in the final against Australia which they lost 12–6. [33]
The next year, England completed another Grand Slam and did not lose that year, including a victory over the Springboks. In the lead up to the 1995 World Cup in South Africa , England completed another Grand Slam - their third in five years. In the World Cup, England defeated Argentina , Italy and Samoa in pool play and then defeated Australia 25–22 in their quarter-final. England's semi-final was dominated by the All Blacks and featured four tries, now worth five points each, by Jonah Lomu ; England lost 45–29. [34] They then lost the third/fourth place play-off match against France. [33]
In 1997, Clive Woodward became England's coach. That year, England drew with New Zealand at Twickenham after being heavily defeated in Manchester the week before. England toured Australia, New Zealand and South Africa in 1998. Many of the England team made themselves unavailable for the tour nicknamed the "tour from hell" where England suffered a record 76–0 defeat to the Wallabies. [35] In 1999 during the last ever Five Nations match, Scott Gibbs sliced through six English tackles to score in the last minute, and the last ever Five Nations title went to Scotland.
File:Twickenham Stadium, view from North Stand.jpg
Up until 1910, the English rugby team used various stadia in a number of venues around England before settling at Twickenham Stadium . [54] [55] After sell-out matches at Crystal Palace in 1905 and 1906 against New Zealand and South Africa respectively, the Rugby Football Union (RFU) decided to invest in their own ground. In 1906, the RFU arranged for William Williams to find a home ground for English Rugby. The land for the ground was purchased the following year for £ 5,572 12 s and 6 d , and construction began the following year. [56]
The first England match was held on October 9 , 1910 between England and Wales. England ran out winners, 11–6, beating Wales for the first time since 1898. [57] The stadium was expanded in 1927 and again in 1932. Further upgrades did not happen until the 1990s when new North, East and West stands were built. [56] A new South stand was built in 2005 and 2006 to make the stadium into a complete bowl. The first match to be played at the redeveloped Twickenham was on Sunday November 5 , 2006 against the All Blacks. [58] England lost the match 20–41 in front of a record crowd of 82,076. [59]
Although England have played home matches almost exclusively at Twickenham since 1910, they have played at Huddersfield's Galpharm Stadium twice in 1998, and at Old Trafford against New Zealand in 1997 and at Wembley Stadium against Canada in 1992. [60] [61]
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
Main article: Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot is very commonly sung at England fixtures — especially at Twickenham. The song was first sung during the final Five Nations match of 1988, against Ireland. England were losing 3–0 at half time, but in the second half scored six tries to win 35–3. Three of the tries were scored by Chris Oti , a black player winning his second England cap but making his Twickenham début. A group from Douai School began singing the gospel hymn Swing Low, Sweet Chariot – as they did for their first XV – in honour of Oti and the whole crowd joined in. From then on, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot became synonymous with Twickenham and the England team. [62] [63] [64]
Strip
Edit
England plays in white shirts, white shorts and navy socks with white tops. The emblem on the shirts is a red rose , rather than the Plantagenet Three Lions displayed on the shirts of the England football and England cricket teams. Currently the strip is manufactured by Nike and O2 is the shirt sponsor. [65] Red is the current change strip, although prior to the introduction of the red strip, navy blue was used.
The Rugby Football Union (RFU) had created the national side's emblem prior to an English team being sent to Edinburgh to play a Scottish side. A red rose was chosen to be the side’s emblem. [66] The white kit worn by the national team was taken from the kit used at Rugby School . [66] Alfred Wright, an employee of the Rugby Football Union, is credited with the standardisation and new design of the rose, which up until 1920 had undergone many variations in its depiction. [66] The Wright design is thought to have been used without minor alteration until the late 1990s. [66] It was not until 1997 that the rose was modernised when Nike became the official strip supplier.
In 2003 England first used a skin-tight strip. This was intended to make it more difficult for the opposition to grasp the shirt when tackling. [67] The home and away strips for 2007 were unveiled on 15 May that year. The materials used are superior, offering improved performance to the 2003 kit. However, a sweeping red mark on the base-white front which forms St George's Cross on the top left, and a changed away-strip (dark blue to red), have received criticism because it is felt that emphasis has been placed on St George's Cross at the expense of the traditional red rose. [68] The new strip was introduced in England's home game against Wales on 4 August , while the alternative strip was first used against France on 18 August . [69]
Record
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England's only annual tournament is the Six Nations Championship , which is played against five other European nations: France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, and Wales. The Six Nations started out as the Home Nations Championship in 1883 which England won with a Triple Crown . England have won the title more times than any other nation by winning it outright 25 times, and sharing victory ten times. Their longest wait between championships was 18 years (1892–1910). During the Six Nations, England also contests the Calcutta Cup with Scotland which England first won in 1880. They also contest the Millennium Trophy during the Six Nations with Ireland. The Millennium Trophy was first contested in 1988 when it was won by England.
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England have contested every Rugby World Cup since it began in 1987, reaching the final three times and winning it once in 2003 .
In the inaugural tournament they finished second in their pool before losing to Wales in the quarter-finals. They again finished pool runners-up in 1991 but recovered to beat France in their quarter-final, and then Scotland in their semi-final, en-route to 12–16 final defeat to Australia.
In 1995 England topped their group and defeated Australia 25–22 at the quarter-final stage before being beaten by the All Blacks in the semi-final. Their third-fourth place play-off match against France was lost 19–9.
The 1999 competition saw England again finish second in the group stage. Though they proceeded to win a play-off game against Fiji they went out of the tournament in the quarter-finals, losing 44–21 to South Africa.
England exacted revenge over South Africa in the early stages of the 2003 tournament , winning 25–6 to qualify for the knockout stages as winners of Pool C. They defeated Wales in their quarter-final, before a subsequent semi-final victory against the French earned them a place in the final in Sydney. After a tense match and a 20 minute period of extra time , England triumphed 20–17 over Australia to lift the Webb Ellis Cup .
The 2007 defence of the cup in France got off to a poor start, with a below par victory over the United States and a heavy 36–0 defeat to South Africa leaving the holders on the brink of elimination at the group stage. Improved performances against Samoa and Tonga saw England again reach the knockout stages as pool runners-up, before a surprise 12–10 defeat of Australia in Marseille and a narrow 14–9 victory over the host nation France carried England to a second successive final appearance. The final was played in Paris on 20 October against South Africa, who won by 15 points to 6.
England's Jonny Wilkinson became the highest overall points scorer in World Cup history when he kicked all 12 points in England's quarter-final victory over Australia in 2007. He kicked a further 9 points (including a Template:Convert/yd Template:Convert/test/A drop goal) in the semi final and 6 in the final defeat to South Africa. [70] England have the fourth most points in World Cup history with 957, and the highest number of drop-goals (18). [71]
Overall
See also: List of England national rugby union team matches (1988–present)
England have won 316 of their 594 Test matches, a winning record of 53.20%. [72] When the World Rankings were introduced in October 2003, England were ranked first. They briefly fell to second in September that year before regaining first place. They fell to second, and then to third in June 2004. After the 2005 Six Nations they fell to sixth where they remained until they moved into fifth in December that year. In 2006, their ranking again fell and they finished the year ranked seventh. They are currently ranked fourth, behind South Africa, New Zealand and Argentina, as of 5 November 2007 . [73]
Their Test record against all nations, updated 2007-11-05 : [72] [74]
IRB World Ranking Leaders
Four former England representatives have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame : Bill Beaumont , Martin Johnson , Jason Leonard , and Wavell Wakefield . [76] [77]
Wavell Wakefield represented England in 31 Tests between 1920 and 1927, including 13 Tests as captain. He was involved in three Five Nations Grand Slams in 1921, 1923 and 1924. Playing as flanker , Wakefield introduced new elements to back row tactics which beforehand concentrated on the set piece. He became a Member of Parliament in 1935, and was knighted in 1944. He became the RFU President in 1950 and following his retirement from politics was awarded the title the first Baron Wakefield of Kendal. [78]
Between 1975 and 1982, Bill Beaumont represented England in 34 Tests. Playing at lock , he was captain between 1978 and 1982 in 21 Tests including the 1980 Grand Slam — England's first since 1957. Later that year, he captained the British Lions to South Africa - the first time an Englishman had captained the Lions since 1930. Furthermore, Beaumont represented the Barbarians FC on fifteen occasions. [79]
Described as arguably "the greatest forward" to play for England, [80] Martin Johnson played 84 Tests for England, and seven Tests for the British and Irish Lions. He first represented England in 1993, and later that year the Lions. He captained the Lions to South Africa in 1997, and in 1999 was appointed captain of England. He became England's most successful ever captain. He became the first player to captain two Lions tours when he captained them in Australia in 2001. [81] He retired from Test rugby after he lead England to a Six Nations Grand Slam and World Cup victory in 2003. [80]
Jason Leonard, also known as "The Fun Bus", [82] appeared 114 times for England at prop, which was the world record for international appearances for a national team until 2005, when it was surpassed by Australia's scrum-half George Gregan . [83] He was on the England team that finished runners up to Australia in the 1991 Rugby World Cup final, but avenged this twelve years later, coming on as a substitute for Trevor Woodman in England's victorious 2003 Rugby World Cup final appearance. He also went on three British and Irish Lions tours where he was capped five times. [83]
Individual records
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The record for Test career points for England is held by Jonny Wilkinson with 967 points. [84] The record for tries is held by Rory Underwood with 49 tries; Underwood is also England's most capped back with 85 caps. The most capped England player is former prop Jason Leonard who made 114 appearances over his 14-year career. [85] England's youngest ever Test player was Henri Laird who was 18 years and 134 days old when he played against Wales in 1927. [86]
Training
File:All Blacks England.jpg
Although the England team is governed by the Rugby Football Union (RFU), players have been contracted to their clubs since the advent of professionalism in late 1995. Since then, players have often been caught in a "power struggle" between their clubs and the RFU; this is commonly referred to as a club versus country conflict. [87] The first major conflict between England's top clubs (who play in the English Premiership ) and the RFU occurred in 1998, when some of the clubs refused to release players to tour Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. [88] The tour became known as the "Tour from hell" after an England squad of second-string players were defeated in all four Tests, including a 76–0 defeat by Australia. [89] The clubs also withdrew from the 1998–1999 European Cup (now called the Heineken Cup ). [90]
In 2001, the top clubs and the RFU formed England Rugby to help govern the club and international game. The parties agreed to restrict the number of matches at club and international level that elite players (a group of 50 or 60 players selected by the RFU) could play in order to prevent player burnout and injuries. [91] In return for releasing players from club commitments, the clubs were to receive compensation from the RFU. This agreement was considered central to the England victory in the 2003 World Cup . Sir Clive Woodward , England coach from November 1997, resigned in 2004 because he was unable to get the access to the players that he wanted; "I wanted more from the union - more training days with the players, more influence over the way they were treated - and ended up with less." [92] Andy Robinson , Woodward's successor, blamed the lack of control over players for his team's unsuccessful record. [93] Brian Ashton , who took over from Robinson, intentionally named his playing squad for Six Nations matches in 2007 at an early opportunity in the hope that their clubs would not play them in the weekend prior to a Test. [94] The RFU and the Premiership clubs are negotiating a similar deal to the one in 2001 that will enable international players to be released into the England squad prior to international matches. [95]
Coaches
The following is a list of all England coaches. The first appointed coach was Don White in 1969, and the current coach is Brian Ashton who took over as coach in 2006. [96] [97]
Name
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Product by Siku. The English high speed tractor is now also available with authentic front loader and large shovel;.
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Siku JCB with front loader. Miniature die cast toy vehicle. Colour: Yellow/Black. Baby & Child Electrical Fancy Dress Health & Beauty Home & Garden Sport & Exercise Tools & DIY Toys & Games Vehicle Parts & Accessories.
$8.59
Britains 42511 1:32 Scale Jcb 416s Farm Master
1:32 scale model JCB 416S farm master. Hydraulics raise and lower the front bucket. This does not cover the product where fault is due to misuse, abuse, use in contravention of the instructions, or where the product has been subject of unauthorised modifications or alterations or has been the subject of commercial use.
$40.49
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La Cenerentola is an opera by Gioachino Rossini based on which fairy story? | Tractor JCB Diecast Farm Vehicles | eBay
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This is aBritains JCB Fastrac Tractor 1135 1/32 Scale. The Tractor is new in box. The box shows some lite wear and is in very good condition.
$15.00
Ertl JCB 3220 Fastrac Tractor is 1:32 scale and is new in original box. Superior details and graphics.
$29.00
Mint condition in the original box, box does have some very light shelf wear, also has some writing, highly detailed, 1/35th Scale.
$33.00
Rapid transport of agricultural bulky waste products are the key function for this combination produced in the child friendly 1:87 scale. The fast JCB 8250 tows a 3-axle tipper trailer and is mounted on a Dolly 2-axle chassis.
$14.91
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THIS IS 1:32 SCALE MODEL PARTS, NOT REAL STUFF! TWO COLOR : "Green " AND " yellow ". NOTICE: THE PRICE JUST FOR ONLY ONE. [if you from USA. ].
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The Alpha Siku JCB 8310 is the newest JCB in the collection, built to a scale of 1:72 with original decal details and rolling wheels. Age: 3 Specifications: Dimensions: 7 x 3 x 4 cms
$15.38
Diecast miniature model JCB Fastrac with front loader, rear hitch and rolling wheels. Siku 1356 - JCB with Frontloader. Model Scale: approximate 1:76. Model construction: Die cast metal and plastic.
$5.23
Tow hitch is compatible with other 1:32 scale authentic replica die cast implements and machinery.Made of die cast metal and precision moulded, durable plastic. Product Name: JCB 4220 FASTRAC TRACTOR.
$25.61
Name:JCB "8250" Heavy Duty Farm Tractor. Limited Edition Model 2009. -Scale: 1:32. A real treasure! look at that price! Have Fun! Precision Models! Make sure you check our site for more details.
$39.99
Product by Siku. The English high speed tractor is now also available with authentic front loader and large shovel;.
$9.48
Siku JCB with front loader. Miniature die cast toy vehicle. Colour: Yellow/Black. Baby & Child Electrical Fancy Dress Health & Beauty Home & Garden Sport & Exercise Tools & DIY Toys & Games Vehicle Parts & Accessories.
$8.59
Britains 42511 1:32 Scale Jcb 416s Farm Master
1:32 scale model JCB 416S farm master. Hydraulics raise and lower the front bucket. This does not cover the product where fault is due to misuse, abuse, use in contravention of the instructions, or where the product has been subject of unauthorised modifications or alterations or has been the subject of commercial use.
$40.49
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The Formula One Canadian Grand Prix is held at a circuit on Île Notre- Dame in Montréal, named after which former driver? | Montreal’s Grand Prix romance: It’s complicated | Montreal Gazette
Photos: Montreal's F1 Canadian Grand Prix
The Montreal Canadian Grand Prix is one of the favourite stops on the Formula One tour. The city's celebrated savoir faire when it comes to putting on a world-class sporting event make it a delight for F1 racers, entourage and fans alike.
The first Canadian Grand Prix is held at Mosport in Bowmanville, Ont., in 1967. Le Circuit Mont Tremblant (shown) also takes turns playing host to the Canadian Grand Prix in its early years. Montreal Gazette files
Due to safety concerns the Canadian Grand Prix moves to the newly constructed Circuit Île Notre-Dame in 1978. City of Montreal Archives
Local hero Gilles Villeneuve waves from the podium on Île Notre Dame following his 1978 Canadian Grand Prix win. Montreal Gazette files
Gilles Villeneuve is killed in a crash at the Belgium Grand Prix on May 8, 1982. His funeral is held in Berthieville Qc. Two months later, 23-year-old Osella driver, Riccardo Paletti of Italy, dies in a crash at the start of the Canadian Grand Prix, on the newly named Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. It is also the first year that the race is held in June, instead of October. Tedd Chruch/Montreal Gazette files
The 1987 Canadian Grand Prix was cancelled due to a sponsorship battle involving Labatt and Molson breweries. When the race returned in 1988, the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve had undergone a makeover. The Canadian Grand Prix would be cancelled again in 2009, for financial reasons, but returns the following year. Tedd Church/Montreal Gazette files
Jacques Villeneuve, son of Gilles Villeneuve, took over in his father's footsteps and in 1997 he becomes the first and only Canadian to ever win the F1 championship. Mike Cooper/Allsport
Jacques Villeneuve walks back to the pit after crashing his car into the "Wall of Champions" during the qualifying of the 2002 Montreal Grand Prix. The concrete barrier at the final turn before the stretch to the finish line earned its nickname in mock honour of those who’ve crashed into it. Other victims of the wall include Michael Schumacher, Sebastian Vettel and Nico Rosberg. Jean Levac/Ottawa Citizen files
Former Ferrari racer Michael Schumacher, of Germany, celebrates the seventh Canadian Grand Prix win of his career in 2004. “Montreal is a great city. It feels like the whole city gets involved and creates a really nice atmosphere,” he said in 2011. Dave Sidaway/Montreal Gazette files
McLaren's Lewis Hamilton (C) won the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix. It was Hamilton's first F1 win and his 6th podium finish that year. It was also a podium first for both BMW's Nick Heidfeld (2nd place - L) and Williams' Alex Wurz (3rd place). Dave Sidaway/Montreal Gazette files
Mercedes Formula One driver Nico Rosberg, of Germany, says of Montreal: "It’s a beautiful but also crazy city where there is always a lot happening, particularly in the evenings.” Dario Ayala/Montreal Gazette files
Red Bull Racing Formula One driver Sebastian Vettel drives past the red flag as he approaches turn 10 as he competes in the 2011 Canadian Grand Prix. Due to torrential rains the race is temporarily stopped midway and ends up being the longest and most chaotic F1 race of all time. Dario Ayala/Montreal Gazette files
Photographers line up to shoot the finishing ceremony at the end of the 2012 Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. By 2015, close to 400 media members from 21 countries were accredited to cover the event. Dario Ayala/Montreal Gazette files
Models walk off the starting grid F1 before the 2013 Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. F1 continues to leave itself open to criticism for employing curvy “grid girls” — paid models — to do little more than stand there and look pretty. Dario Ayala/Montreal Gazette files
Fans look up at a jet doing a flyby at the start of the 2014 Canadian Grand Prix. Of all the races on the Grand Prix circuit, Montreal’s is among the most-watched, helped in large part by the early-afternoon start — prime time in Europe, where the fan base remains strongest. Dario Ayala/Montreal Gazette files
At the same time, as a black driver, Hamilton has helped break down barriers in the largely white, male world of top-tier racing, bringing wider exposure to more audiences.
So has Indian-born Monisha Kaltenborn, the first woman to run an F1 team, Swiss-based Sauber.
“The support is incredible,” Hamilton said after his win here last year, surveying the crowd. “Lots of British flags, people from out here in Canada … Grenadian flags, Barbados flags.”
Personalities aside, there is enthusiasm, too, for the show itself.
A common criticism about F1 is that races are too often processional, led by the same top drivers in the same best cars. But Montreal is known for having delivered more than its fair share of drama over the years.
That goes back to the very beginning, in 1978, when, in a fairy-tale script, Gilles Villeneuve won the inaugural event at the circuit that would eventually carry his name.
To boot, it was his first career win — in a Ferrari, no less.
Hamilton, too, scored his maiden win here, in 2007, putting Montreal in the history books as the place where the first black driver won an F1 race.
It’s also where the longest-ever Grand Prix was held, in 2011, clocking in at more than four hours after being suspended midway because of torrential rain. Afterward, drivers marvelled that much of the soggy crowd had chosen to sit through the entire thing.
That race is still considered among the most chaotic of all time, as drivers struggled to keep their cars pointed in the right direction on the drenched pavement, and Britain’s Jenson Button — in last place before the restart — skillfully picked through the pack to score an unlikely victory.
“This wasn’t just a Grand Prix,” a senior Mercedes official said at the time. “It was like an action movie.”
The track is often cited as a favourite among drivers, who enjoy the challenges posed by its singular design. Super-slow bends give way to high-speed straights where cars hit 330 km/h, and the proximity of concrete barriers and shortage of runoff areas leave little room for error.
Not unlike Montreal’s public roads, however, trying to overcome the obstacles can end in frustration.
“You’ve obviously got a culture of shit roads out here,” – former F1 driver David Coulthard
In 2008, the track surface began to crumble from stress and neglect soon after the cars hit the track. By the end of the weekend, it looked like the Turcot Interchange after a spring thaw, prompting Brazil’s Felipe Massa to threaten never to return.
“You’ve obviously got a culture of shit roads out here,” commented Scotland’s David Coulthard, expressing what every road-weary Montrealer already knows.
Then there is the so-called Wall of Champions, at the final turn before the stretch to the finish line. That concrete barrier earned its nickname in mock honour of those who’ve crashed into it, including Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve — twice.
To add insult to injury and scattered car parts, the wall also became known for the the slogan it used to carry: Bienvenue au Québec.
In every other way, though, the welcome is warm and generous — and appreciated. Drivers, teams and the rest of F1’s travelling entourage, which numbers 1,000 or more, are sincere when they say they love coming to Montreal, and they say it a lot.
It’s the one weekend of the year Montreal gets to “act like a New York, like a Paris, like a London.”
One big reason is the proximity of the circuit to downtown, allowing them to stay in the city and soak up the party atmosphere. At venues where tracks are farther afield, drivers feel cut off from the vibe — if it even exists.
Germany’s Nico Rosberg, the current points leader who drives for Mercedes, has said he counts Montreal among his favourite F1 stops, and summed up its essence nicely: “It’s a beautiful but also crazy city where there is always a lot happening, particularly in the evenings.”
F1 fans gather for the finishing ceremony at the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal on June 9, 2013, Dario Ayala / Montreal Gazette Files
Or, as one St-Laurent Blvd. restaurateur put it, it’s the one weekend of the year Montreal gets to “act like a New York, like a Paris, like a London.”
That means high-end restaurants get to stock up on caviar and truffles, pricey wine and more even more pricey Champagne, to satisfy the wants of F1’s travelling glamour crowd and the expense accounts of executives trying to woo clients.
It means downtown hotels fill up to more than 90 per cent occupancy, with average nightly rates jumping from roughly $170 to $375.
It means extra bookings as visitors — about half from outside Quebec — extend their weekend visit into a full vacation, while conventions jostle to schedule activities around the Grand Prix.
Peel Street turns into a luxury-car showroom every year, and fans are only too happy to be in close proximity to them. In 2011, Marie-Andrée Martin posed for her partner Pierre Guillet next to a Lamborghini. The couple came in from Bromont. John Mahoney / Montreal Gazette Files
It means 500,000 attendance at the Crescent St. festival alone — good luck trying to squeeze through — and 300,000 pushes of the turnstiles at the race track.
It means, if you believe government figures, a financial windfall of up to $90 million for the local economy.
Sure, outlandish displays of out-there excess can be grating, but the large infusion of euros and greenbacks certainly is not.
It also means, for Montrealers who like car racing and even for those who do not, an opportunity to feel good about a city that has lost much of its lustre over the years.
No other local event draws the same kind of attention. Grand Prix racing is one of the highest-viewed sporting spectacles, up there with the Olympics and World Cup soccer.
The Montreal International Jazz Festival attracts large crowds, but not a global spotlight on the scale of F1, whose races are broadcast in more than 150 countries. Total viewership in 2014 was reported at 425 million.
Of all the races on the Grand Prix circuit, Montreal’s is among the most-watched, helped in large part by the early-afternoon start — prime time in Europe, where the fan base remains strongest.
Last year, close to 400 media members from 21 countries were accredited to cover the event.
Granted, the installations at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve can’t compete with Monaco’s shimmering glitz, Singapore’s high-tech gloss or Bahrain’s exotic desert setting, where the sand is glued down to prevent it from blowing onto the track.
Still, it’s hard not to be impressed by the stunning overhead images of Circuit Gilles Villeneuve amid the lush greenery of Île Notre Dame, whether you’re a TV viewer in another country or a Montrealer watching at home or with the bar crowds.
Montrealers are justifiably proud, too, of their celebrated savoir faire when it comes to putting on a world-class sporting event that draws high praise and large crowds year after year.
So what’s the problem?
***
Topless protesters crashed a party at the Arsenal that kicked off the Grand Prix weekend two years ago. They were highlighting the issue of sex slavery. The Grand Prix has been linked to prostitution and child exploitation. Dario Ayala / Montreal Gazette Files
“It’s starting to feel icky,” is how one F1 fan put it.
Or maybe former fan. The Montrealer admitted he hasn’t watched any races this season, and wasn’t even sure which team his favourite driver — Fernando Alonso of Spain — is with these days.
(Answer: McLaren-Honda. Alonso is a two-time champion who has won once in Montreal, in 2006, and has thus far managed to avoid intimate contact with the infamous Wall.)
Truth is, the ick factor is not entirely new, and has been quietly growing.
There has always been a measure of indifference toward the Grand Prix among some Montrealers, and downright hostility, too. Just ask South Shore residents who’ve had to put up with the noise of screaming engines from the track.
There are those who can do without the added congestion on roads and bridges that is already intolerable during roadwork season. Or the downtown hordes crowding streets and sidewalks.
For some, Grand Prix weekend is their cue to head for the cottage.
There are serious concerns about prostitution and child exploitation. A recent study cites Montreal as a destination for sex tourism, and refers to increased prostitution, some of it involving minors, around the Grand Prix.
F1 has left itself open to criticism for employing curvy “grid girls” to do little more than stand there and look pretty, as they did last year. JEWEL SAMAD / AFP/Getty Images
While pro soccer scores points by inviting children to accompany players onto the field, F1 continues to leave itself open to criticism for employing curvy “grid girls” — paid models — to do little more than stand there and look pretty.
There are concerns, too, about human-rights abuses in some of the countries F1 goes racing, like Russia and China, as the series continues to expand to markets outside its traditional European base.
At the same time, heightened awareness about environmental issues has put into question the continued relevance of traditional motor sport, especially with the emergence of alternatives like Formula E, a globe-trotting series featuring all-electric cars that look like those in F1.
Mayor Denis Coderre is keen to bring an ePrix to Montreal, and the city has been penciled in on a provisional calendar for July 2017 between stops in Berlin and New York. The race could be held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, though Formula E prefers to race in city centres to highlight the urban appeal of electric vehicles.
Formula E is now in its second season, and not only has it converted some fans of F1, it has attracted some of its former drivers — including Villeneuve for a short spell.
To be fair, F1 has veered into greener territory in recent years. The cars now use hybrid power units comprised of gasoline engines and electric motors. Heat energy from the exhaust and brakes that would normally go to waste is converted into electricity by sophisticated onboard systems.
Any conversation about sustainability, proponents say, must take into account how such innovations might transfer from the race track to the driveway, or even into space. F1 serves as a laboratory of sorts for the development of more efficient aerodynamics and lighter materials for parts and bodywork.
F1’s influence can turn up in the most unexpected places. One British hospital looked at how pit stop techniques might apply to time-pressed procedures used in the resuscitation of newborn babies. The best pit crews can change all four wheels on a car in 2.5 seconds or less.
The dilemma for F1 is that, in trying to answer to its critics, it risks alienating the purists for whom the smell of exhaust is perfume, and the noise of engines opera.
When F1 switched to hybrid engines in 2014, organizers of the Australian Grand Prix threatened legal action, arguing noise is an integral part of the spectacle, and the quieter power units short-changed spectators.
Sure enough, the formula in Formula One — the rules and technical specifications — is set to change again in 2017, with the return of faster, noisier cars that will consume more fuel than what is allowed under current regulations. No doubt, this will do nothing to endear F1 to its detractors.
At least, whatever the complaints, the worthwhile economic impact of staging a Grand Prix — the money spent, taxes collected and jobs created — is clear and undisputed.
Or is it?
Grand Prix fans fill Crescent St. during festivities in 2011. Allen McInnis / Files
The question is worth asking, given the wide range in figures provided by various levels of government and other stakeholders. Ottawa has estimated the annual spinoffs of the Montreal event at $71 million, Quebec at $89 million. You can drive a truck through that gap, or several sleek racing cars.
An updated study with more precise data has been promised, but not yet delivered, or at least made public.
A 2011 audit by Ernst & Young came up with estimated spinoffs of between $32 million and $39 million from the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne, a city not unlike Montreal.
Any of these amounts would seem to justify the current contract with F1 management and its CEO, Bernie Ecclestone, which secures the Canadian Grand Prix through 2024 at an average annual cost of $18.7 million.
The bill is shared by the federal and provincial governments, plus the City of Montreal and its tourism bureau.
That’s considered a bargain. Average hosting fees have been estimated at $33 million. Canada gets a break because of its long-term relationship with F1, which goes back to 1967, with races held at Mosport Park in Bowmanville, Ont., and Mont-Tremblant before moving to Île Notre Dame.
Fans look on whilst Fernando Alonso of Spain and Ferrari drives during final practice ahead of the Canadian Formula One Grand Prix at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on June 7, 2014. Mathias Kniepeiss / Getty Images
Still, there are other costs. Under the contract, Montreal is committed to spending $32 million in track upgrades by 2017. Local promoter François Dumontier, head of Octane Racing Group, has said he wants a signature building put up to give the circuit a new identity.
In December, six months after the last Grand Prix, Dumontier revealed to La Presse he was running a deficit, and some suppliers had not yet been paid. He said he was searching for new investors in his company and a title sponsor for the race. As yet, no progress has been reported on either front.
The apparent difficulties are a reminder of previous problems that temporarily bumped Montreal off the F1 calendar — most recently in 2009, when Ecclestone demanded more cash and upgraded facilities. In the end, a settlement was reached, and the race returned the following year.
And they come at a time when F1 more generally seems to be stuck in neutral, if not reverse. TV audiences, while still impressive, have been falling. Some venues and teams are struggling to pay bills or retain sponsorships.
Dumontier insists the Montreal race is safe for the foreseeable future, and there is no reason to believe otherwise. Ticket sales for this year’s edition, he said, are outpacing those of last year.
“We had to add grandstands,” he told the Montreal Gazette.
Despite everything, the love affair, it seems, still burns.
***
“The city grinds to a halt over the race weekend as fans from around the world descend on Quebec for a non-stop party,” says the F1 destination guide, and it’s not wrong.
However, it could have added: For better or for worse.
| Gilles Villeneuve |
Which part of the body is affected by nephritis? | Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
Parc Jean-Drapeau, Montréal, QC H3C 6A1 [ Map ]
First Grand Prix: 1978
Circuit length: 4.361 km (2.71 miles)
Race distance: 305.270 km (189.69 miles)
Lap record: 1:13.622 - R Barrichello - 2004
The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve is a motor racing circuit which was the venue for the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix, and is the venue of NASCAR Canadian Tire Series, and, as of 2007, NASCAR Nationwide Series and Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series races.
The circuit, at Parc Jean-Drapeau on Île Notre-Dame, a man-made island in the St. Lawrence River that is part of the city of Montreal, was originally named the Île Notre-Dame circuit. It was renamed in honour of Canadian Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, father of Jacques Villeneuve, following his death in 1982. The venue hosted the Champ Car World Series Grand Prix of Montreal from 2002-2006.
The circuit is a fast circuit, but it is also something like a street circuit. Barriers run close to the circuit and many experienced drivers have been caught out by them. A particularly famous part of the circuit is the wall on the outside of the exit of the final chicane. In 1999 the wall, which has on it the slogan Bienvenue au Québec ("Welcome to Quebec") giving it the nickname "Mur du Québec" (Quebec Wall), ended the race of three Formula One World Champions, Damon Hill, Michael Schumacher & Jacques Villeneuve along with FIA GT champion Ricardo Zonta. Since then the wall has been nicknamed "The Wall Of Champions". In recent years Jenson Button (2005) and Vitantonio Liuzzi (2007) have also fallen victim to the wall. Fernando Alonso 2005/06 F1 World Champion and Nico Rosberg have also both hit the wall at turn 5. Juan Pablo Montoya has also hit a wall on the circuit.
Grandstand 1
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Covered seats
The unique "Senna" trio offers reserved seats at both ends of the track, at the Hairpin and the Senna corner, as well as seats across the track from pit lane on Saturday for qualifying. On Friday and Sunday, the latter being the day of the race itself, "Senna" trio ticket holders will enjoy two very interesting views: first, on Friday, they will see drivers going around the Hairpin from Grandstand 15, and on Sunday, they’ll follow all the race action at the Senna corner from their seats in Grandstand 12. Each day, ticket holders will be able to follow all the action around the track on our giant screens.
Formula Tours is a division of Sportvac Tours inc. Holder of a Quebec permit
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Which Indian was conductor for the Three Tenors concert in Rome in 1990 and in Los Angeles four years later? | The 3 tenors in concert 1994, Los Angeles, full - YouTube
The 3 tenors in concert 1994, Los Angeles, full
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Published on Aug 9, 2012
Recorded live on stage on the eve of one of the worlds greatest sporting events, The 3 Tenors in Concert 1994 re-unites four of classical musics premiere and most popular talents. The legendary tenors José Carreras, Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti, together with conductor Zubin Mehta, celebrated the finale to soccers 1994 World Cup with a concert described as probably the biggest single musical event in history.
Brought together for the 1990 World Cup in Italy, The 3 Tenors and Mehta joined forces again, this time in Los Angeles Dodger Stadium on July 16th 1994 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Los Angeles Music Center Opera Chorus, to perform a selection of operatic arias and international favorites specially orchestrated by composer/arranger Lalo Schifrin. The result is an outstanding program, reflecting a unique event, featuring three legendary performers who share a united passion for opera and soccer.
Tracklist:
01. 0:00:18 Orchestra / The national anthem of the USA
02. 0:01:48 Orchestra / Candide Overture. Bernstein
03. 0:06:25 Jose Carreras / O Souverain, O Juge, O Pere
04. 0:11:38 Placido Domingo / Quando le sere al placido. Verdi
05. 0:16:59 Luciano Pavarotti / Pourquoi Me Reveiller. Massanet
06. 0:20:07 Jose Carreras / With A Song In My Heart. Rodgers
07. 0:23:53 Placido Domingo / Granada. Lara
08. 0:27:57 Luciano Pavarotti / Non Ti Scordar Di Me. De Curtis
09. 0:31:45 The 3 Tenors / My Way
10. 0:36:00 The 3 Tenors / Moon River
11. 0:37:39 The 3 Tenors / Because
12. 0:40:05 The 3 Tenors / Singin' in the Rain
13. 0:42:41 Orchestra / Marche Hongroise. Berlioz
14. 0:47:31 Jose Carreras / Tu, Ca Nun Chiagne. De Curtis
15. 0:50:42 Placido Domingo / Amor, vida de mi vida. Torroba
16. 0:54:44 Luciano Pavarotti / Ave Maria. Schubert
17. 0:58:59 Jose Carreras / E lucevan le stelle. Puccini
18. 1:02:07 Placido Domingo / Vesti la giubba. Leoncavallo
19. 1:05:09 Luciano Pavarotti / Nessun Dorma. Puccini
20. 1:09:10 The 3 Tenors / America
21. 1:10:09 The 3 Tenors / All I Ask Of You
22. 1:12:09 The 3 Tenors / Funiculi, Funicula
23. 1:13:29 The 3 Tenors / Sous Les Ponts De Paris
24. 1:15:31 The 3 Tenors / Brazil
25. 1:16:58 The 3 Tenors / Be My Love
26. 1:18:47 The 3 Tenors / Marechiare
27. 1:22:02 The 3 Tenors / Lippen Schweigen
28. 1:24:40 The 3 Tenors / Santa Lucia Luntana
29. 1:28:04 The 3 Tenors / Those Were The Days
30. 1:30:30 The 3 Tenors / Te Quiero Dijiste
31. 1:33:59 The 3 Tenors / Torna A Surriento
32. 1:37:57 The 3 Tenors / La Donna E Mobile
33. 1:40:20 The 3 Tenors / Libiamo Ne' Lieti Calici
Category
| Zubin Mehta |
Saint Peter was martyred in about 64AD during the reign of which Roman Emperor? | 1000+ images about The Three Tenors. on Pinterest | Domingo, Opera and Concerts
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The Three Tenors.
The Three Tenors were a popular operatic singing group during the 1990s and early 2000s, consisting of Spaniards Plácido Domingo and José Carreras and the Italian Luciano Pavarotti. The trio began their collaboration with a performance at the ancient Baths of Caracalla in Rome, Italy on 7 July 1990, the eve of the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. Zubin Mehta conducted the orchestra of Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and the orchestra of Teatro dell'Opera di Roma.
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