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Powderham Castle is the seat of the earls of which county | Powderham Castle | Devon Guide
Powderham Castle
Powderham Castle
Powderham Castle
One of England's best known stately homes - the historic home of the Earl of Devon. Open to the public and is available for private and corporate functions, and licensed for Civil Wedding Ceremonies.
This impressive mediaeval fortified manor house has been the seat of the Earls of Devon since the 16th century. Set in a deer park along the banks of the river Exe there is plenty to explore inside and out.
The current house at Powderham was built in 1390 for Sir Philip Courtenay. At this time there were two branches of the Courtenay family, the other branch were the Earls of Devon and resided at Tiverton Castle . It was only when the blood line of the Tiverton branch died out in the mid 1500s that the heirs of Sir Philip took the title.
Powderham only acquired the title of castle in the 17th century and this may coincide with its role in the English Civil War. Despite that there is evidence that the building was indeed fortified with elements such as the tower, a defensive curtain wall and gatehouse. Most of the castle-like features that exist today are actually 19th century affectations, added when there was a vogue for faux-castles and follies.
As mentioned, the house saw action in the English Civil War in which it was a garrison for 300 royalist soldiers. After holding out for several months in 1645 Powderham finally fell in the winter of 1646 in an assault that caused significant damage to the building. It was not until around half a century later that Sir William Courtenay finally effected repairs on the house.
Today, visitors are able to enjoy a guided tour of the house in which they can marvel at the Georgian grand staircase and eighteenth century music room. An insight into life below stairs in the Earl's household is available with the original Victorian Kitchen allowing visitors to see how a 19th century country kitchen would have been run.
Outside are more attractions and activities for all ages; a secret garden, tractor rides, country sports, an animal park and much more. Events are a big part of the Powderham calendar with regulars including drama, music, classic cars and a teddy bears picnic.
| Devon |
Who was the first person to win a posthumous Oscar in the Best Supporting Actor category | Estate Record: Courtenay
House of Lords, Record Office : Account book of Irish estates of 3rd Viscount Courtenary, 1801-1802
Limerick City Archives : Rental of the estate of Lord Viscount Courtenay, 1762 and receiving rental of the Devon estate, county Limerick, 1861-1862. Digital Archive Collection, 1E LA P6
Limerick City Archives : Photocopy of the sale rental of "some acres" of the Devon estate, 22 July 1808. P23/1
Limerick City Archives : Sale rental of 11,000 acres of the Devon estate in Rathkeale & Newcastle West, county Limerick, & Charleville, county Cork, 16 Dec 1817. P23/2
Limerick City Archives : Sale rental of part of the Devon estate in Newcastle West, the property of the Right Honourable Charles Pepys, public auction of 129 lots, Oct 1910. P23/20
National Archives of Ireland : Landed Estates’ Court Rentals (O’Brien), Raleigh, 16 Jan 1874, Vol 113 (6), MRGS 39/052, (microfilm copy in NUIG)
National Archives of Ireland : Deeds & wills re property in Cos Limerick & Cork of Furlong family, includes reference to families of Courtenay, Upton, Furlong-Smith & Newman. D.19,731-19,782, T.8087-8090
National Archives of Ireland : Rental of estates of William, Lord Courtenay in Co Limerick, 1818-1830. M.6971
National Library of Ireland : Book of 23 maps of estate of W. Courtenay baronet in barony of Connello, Co Limerick by William Molans, 1709. 16 F 2
National Library of Ireland : Plan of town of Newcastle, barony of Glenquin, showing houses, holdings etc, mid 18th century. 16 H 22 (18)
National Library of Ireland : Marquis of Bath’s Library, Longleat: Box Irish: report to Earl of Fortescue on Devon estates in Co Limerick, by J.L. (?) Kennedy, 1 Mar 1847. Microfilm P 5894
National Library of Ireland : Documents re Courtney estate in baronies of Connello Upper & Lower, 1633-1830. M.6971
Norfolk Record Office : Papers of the Dover Family of Bittering, Boscombe Lodge, Hampshire & London, include statement of accounts, Devon Estate in Co. Limerick, 1843-1844. BRA 1118/115
Private Possession : Report on the Irish estate in Co Limerick, 1847. Contact the Estate Office, Longleat, Warminster BA12 7NW
Private Possession : Deeds, family & estate papers including 19th century Co Limerick rentals, 14th-20th centuries. Contact the Archivist, Powderham Castle, Exeter EX6 8JQ.
Public Record Office, Northern Ireland : Deeds re Co Limerick estates of Roger Hamill & Lord Courtenay c 1797-1825. D/2159
Contemporary printed sources
Many of these resources are now available online. For a list with Web links please see the Online Printed Sources Links
| i don't know |
Who won the Oscar for best director for the 1996 film The English Patient | 1996 Academy Awards® Winners and History
Shine (1996, Australia/UK)
Actor:
GEOFFREY RUSH in "Shine", Tom Cruise in "Jerry Maguire", Ralph Fiennes in "The English Patient", Woody Harrelson in "The People vs. Larry Flynt", Billy Bob Thornton in "Sling Blade"
Actress:
FRANCES MCDORMAND in "Fargo" , Brenda Blethyn in "Secrets & Lies", Diane Keaton in "Marvin's Room", Kristin Scott Thomas in "The English Patient", Emily Watson in "Breaking the Waves"
Supporting Actor:
CUBA GOODING, JR. in "Jerry Maguire", William H. Macy in "Fargo" , Armin Mueller-Stahl in "Shine", Edward Norton in "Primal Fear", James Woods in "Ghosts of Mississippi"
Supporting Actress:
JULIETTE BINOCHE in "The English Patient", Joan Allen in "The Crucible", Lauren Bacall in "The Mirror Has Two Faces", Barbara Hershey in "Portrait of a Lady", Marianne Jean-Baptiste in "Secrets & Lies"
Director:
ANTHONY MINGHELLA for "The English Patient", Joel Coen for "Fargo" , Milos Forman for "The People vs. Larry Flynt", Scott Hicks for "Shine", Mike Leigh for "Secrets & Lies"
In the 1996 awards race, four of the five Best Picture nominees were from independent studios - and financed outside of mainstream Hollywood. 1996 was therefore dubbed "The Year of the Independents," plus films from abroad. For the first time in Oscar history, none of the major Hollywood studios (including Paramount, MGM, Warner Bros., UA, Fox, Columbia, Universal, or Disney's Buena Vista) were represented among the Best Picture-nominated films for 1996. All the pictures nominated for Best Picture were low-budget, independent films - with the sole exception possibly being Tri-Star's Jerry Maguire, the closest nominee to a major, mainstream Hollywood studio. [The surge for independent films wouldn't last long - in 1997, the big-studio, big-budget Titanic (1997) swept the Oscars.]
The big winner of the year was writer/director Anthony Minghella's The English Patient (a Saul Zaentz/Miramax film). [20th Century Fox studios dropped its support during pre-production, letting it go to the independent Miramax.] It was a prestigious, three hour long World War II saga/romance composed of flashbacks, conspiracies, and ambiguities and based on an adaptation of Michael Ondaatje's novel, about a French-Canadian nurse who cares for a mysterious, dying burn patient ('The English Patient') in a ruined, abandoned monastery in Italy's Tuscany, after he was wounded in a WWII plane crash in the African desert.
It had twelve nominations and nine Oscar wins - Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, Best Original Dramatic Score, Best Costume Design, and Best Film Editing. It lost its nominations for Best Adapted Screenplay (Minghella), Best Actor (Fiennes) and Best Actress (Scott Thomas).
Its nine Oscar wins made it the third most-awarded film in Academy history - and tied it with two other films with nine wins: Gigi (1958), and The Last Emperor (1987). Previously, only two other films had more wins:
Ben-Hur (1959) (with eleven).
With its Best Picture win for the expensively-made film, producer Saul Zaentz became a multiple Oscar-winning producer over a span of twenty years with over twenty Oscars for his films:
One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1975) (5), Amadeus (1984) (8), and The English Patient (9). With his win, Zaentz became a three-time Best Picture producer (his first and second wins were for
One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and Amadeus (1984)). He became the second person to have produced three Best Picture winners since 1951. Only two others were three-time Best Picture producer-winners: Darryl F. Zanuck and Sam Spiegel.
The other Best Picture nominees were:
the Coen Brothers' violent, black, film-noirish comedy Fargo (a Working Title Films/PolyGram/Gramercy Pictures film with seven nominations and two wins - Best Actress and Best Original Screenplay), about a Minnesota car salesman whose kidnap/ransom plan goes awry, and who was investigated by a no-nonsense, heavy-accented Minnesota police officer (Frances McDormand), known for saying: "Oh, you betcha, yah." This film was the quirky Coen Brothers' most conventional film to date, thereby accounting for its critical and commercial success
writer/director Cameron Crowe's romantic sports comedy Jerry Maguire (a Gracie Films/TriStar film with five nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actor) about an ultra-slick sports agent (Tom Cruise) who becomes morally transformed
director Mike Leigh's soap-opera-ish British film Secrets & Lies (a CiBy 2000/Thin Man Films/October Films production with five nominations and no wins), a socially-realistic film about an adopted, black London optometrist who seeks out her biological mother
director Scott Hicks' Australian/UK arthouse tearjerker film Shine (a Momentum Films/Fine Line Features film with seven nominations and one win - Best Actor) - a biopic about the adversities faced by disabled, musical pianist genius David Helfgott
Anthony Minghella won the Best Director award for The English Patient, following the pattern that the Best Director Oscar is often awarded to the Best Picture director. The only one of the five directors of Best Picture nominees who wasn't nominated for Best Director was Cameron Crowe. His replacement in the category was director Milos Forman for The People vs. Larry Flynt (a Phoenix Pictures/Ixtlan Productions film with two nominations and no wins) about the infamous, unrepentant pornographer and Hustler Magazine publisher.
Three out of the four winners in the acting categories were first-time nominees.
Australian actor Geoffrey Rush (with his first nomination) won the Best Actor Oscar for his star-making performance as talented but agonizingly-troubled, mentally-disabled Australian concert pianist David Helfgott who suffers a crippling nervous breakdown when pushed to the breaking point in Shine.
The other Best Actor nominees included:
Tom Cruise (with his second unsuccessful nomination) as sports agent Jerry Maguire in Jerry Maguire
Ralph Fiennes (with his second unsuccessful nomination) as the title character - mortally-burned Hungarian Count Laszlo Almasy who flashbacks on his tragically-doomed love affair as a debonair romantic with married mistress (Scott Thomas) in The English Patient
Woody Harrelson (with his first nomination) as First Amendment-protected, crippled, pornography publisher Larry Flynt in The People vs. Larry Flynt
director/star/writer Billy Bob Thornton (with his first nomination) as mildly-retarded, convicted murderer Karl Childers in the moving drama Sling Blade, Thornton's directorial debut film (with two nominations and one win - Best Adapted Screenplay for actor/director/writer Billy Bob Thornton)
Frances McDormand (with her second nomination and first Oscar win) won the Best Actress award for her role as Marge Gunderson - a chatty, largely-pregnant, intrepid local police chief and homicide detective in a small-town in Minnesota, in Fargo . [Note: McDormand won the Academy Award for a performance directed by her nominated husband - Joel Coen. She became the second star to win Best Actress in a film directed by her nominated director-husband. Some argue that she was the first, however, since Sarandon and Robbins, nominated in the previous year for Dead Man Walking (1995), were unofficial, live-in marital partners.] They were the fourth married couple to be nominated for the same film: (1) John Cassavetes and Gena Rowlands were nominated together (but neither won) for A Woman Under the Influence (1974), (2) Susan Sarandon and nominated-director Tim Robbins (her unofficial live-in husband) were nominated for Dead Man Walking (1995) (Sarandon won Best Actress), and (3) both Jules Dassin and Melina Mercouri were nominated (but neither won) for Never on Sunday (1960). Note: Julie Andrews was nominated as Best Actress (without a win) for Victor, Victoria (1982) but her husband-director Blake Edwards wasn't nominated as director.]
The other Best Actress nominees were:
Brenda Blethyn (with her first nomination) as lonely, unmarried, self-pitying white factory worker Cynthia - the biological mother of a black daughter in Secrets & Lies
Diane Keaton (with her third nomination) as sensitive, self-sacrificing, leukemia-stricken spinster Bessie in director Jerry Zaks' film of Scott McPherson's 1991 off-Broadway play Marvin's Room (the film's sole nomination)
Kristin Scott Thomas (with her first nomination) as beautiful English newlywed Katharine Clifton - a cartographer's wife involved in a torrid, adulterous affair with 'the pre-English patient' in the unfolding story of The English Patient
Emily Watson (with her first nomination) in her film debut as shy, religious Bess McNeill who sexually degrades herself for her paralyzed, oil-rigger husband's sake in writer/director Lars von Trier's Breaking the Waves (the film's sole nomination)
In a surprise win, Cuba Gooding, Jr. (with his first nomination) won the Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his performance as Cruise's faithful client with a memorable line of dialogue ("Show me the money") - a black football player for the Arizona Cardinals named Rod Tidwell in Jerry Maguire.
[Gooding's award made him the third black actor to win the Best Supporting Actor award - the others honored before him were Louis Gossett, Jr. for An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), and Denzel Washington for Glory (1989).]
The other four Best Supporting Actor nominees included:
William H. Macy (with his first nomination) as hapless, indebted, dim-witted car salesman and failed blackmailer Jerry Lundegaard in Fargo
Armin Mueller-Stahl (with his first nomination) as Geoffrey Rush's domineering, Holocaust-surviving father Peter Helfgott in Shine
Edward Norton (with his first nomination) as altar boy - accused murderer Aaron/Roy in director Gregory Hoblit's feature film debut and thriller Primal Fear (the film's sole nomination)
James Woods (with his second nomination) as evil Southern racist Byron De la Beckwith in director Rob Reiner's story of the 1963 murder of civil rights leader Medgar Evars and its subsequent trials, Ghosts of Mississippi (with two nominations and no wins)
In another surprise win, Juliette Binoche (with her first nomination) won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar - she was the only nominated actor or actress in The English Patient to win the Oscar - for her performance as Hana, the fragile, good-hearted, and sympathetic Canadian nurse who cares for the dying, burn victim WWII patient (Ralph Fiennes).
The four other Best Supporting Actress nominees were:
Joan Allen (with her second nomination) as a prim Puritan wife named Elizabeth Proctor who is a wrongly-accused witch in a film version of Arthur Miller's 1953 stage play The Crucible (with two nominations and no wins), about late 17th century witchcraft hunts and trials by director Nicholas Hytner
the acknowledged and favored nominee - Lauren Bacall (with her first nomination) as Streisand's vain and narcissistic mother and faded glamour queen Rose in producer/star/director Barbra Streisand's romantic comedy The Mirror Has Two Faces (with two nominations and no wins)
Barbara Hershey (with her first nomination) as manipulative and opportunistic Madame Serena Merle who manages to steer co-star Nicole Kidman into a disastrous marriage in director Jane Campion's Portrait of a Lady (with two nominations and no wins)
Marianne Jean-Baptiste (in a lead role) as young Yuppie Londoner Hortense who seeks out her birth parents after the death of her adopted parents in Secrets & Lies. [Marianne Jean-Baptiste was the first black British actress to be nominated for an Oscar.]
The Best Documentary this year was When We Were Kings, a chronicling of the 1974 world heavyweight championship bout ("Rumble in the Jungle") in Zaire between Muhammad Ali and George Forman.
Oscar Snubs and Omissions:
Black actor Eddie Murphy was denied a nomination for his role as shy, overweight professor Sherman Klump (and many others) in The Nutty Professor. In a comeback supporting role, Debbie Reynolds was neglected as Beatrice in Mother. Ron Shelton's sports romantic comedy Tin Cup with Kevin Costner and Renee Russo was completely unnominated, and Baz Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet had only one nomination (unsuccessful) - Best Art Direction. One of the greatest nature documentaries ever made, MicroCosmos, was puzzlingly completely overlooked for Best Documentary, Best Editing and Best Cinematography (for its revolutionary lensing of microscopic point-of-view of insects.)
Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet (with four unsuccessful nominations, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, and Best Dramatic Score) was lacking nominations for Best Director, and performance nominations for Kenneth Branagh as Hamlet, Julie Christie as Gertrude, Kate Winslet as Ophelia, and Derek Jacobi as Claudius. John Sayles' Lone Star (with a great performance by Kris Kristofferson as a Satanic border-town sheriff) was recognized with only one nomination, Best Original Screenplay (losing to Fargo ), and Doug Liman's Swingers went nomination-less. Courtney Love's supporting role as Althea Leasure Flynt was bypassed in the recognition given to The People Vs. Larry Flynt.
William Macy might have fared better if nominated for Best Actor instead of for a supporting role, when compared to co-star Frances McDormand, who won for a leading role. Danny Boyle's UK film Trainspotting about a heroin addict was able to garner only a single nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay (losing to Sling Blade), and Mel Gibson was unnominated for his performance as ex-fighter pilot Tom Mullen in search of his kidnapped son in Ron Howard's crime thriller Ransom. Joe Pantoliano was neglected for his role as Jennifer Tilly's psychotic mobster consort Caesar in the lesbian noir Bound.
Kate Winslet was un-nominated for her role as ostracized Sue Bridehead for expressing her forbidden love for her cousin Jude in Thomas Hardy's adaptation, Jude. Noah Taylor was under-rated for his performance as teenaged, emotionally-damaged pianist David Helfgott (also played as an adult by Oscar-winning Geoffrey Rush) in the biopic Shine. Tony Shalhoub was unrecognized for his role as mid-50s Italian chef and restaurant co-owner Primo in Big Night, and Harry Belafonte was un-nominated for his supporting role as Depression-era black mobster Seldom Seen, memorable in a scene in which he disagreed with Marcus Garvey's 'Back-to-Africa' movement, in Robert Altman's Kansas City (with no nominations). And Meg Ryan was bypassed for her role as tough Gulf War Captain Karen Walden in Courage Under Fire, as was Catherine Keener for her role as a neurotic 30-yr. old single New Yorker struggling with loneliness in Walking and Talking.
| Anthony Minghella |
Which comedian hosted the annual Oscar ceremony over twenty times | Director won an Oscar for 'The English Patient' - latimes
OBITUARIES : Anthony Minghella, 1954 - 2008
Director won an Oscar for 'The English Patient'
March 19, 2008 |Dennis McLellan | Times Staff Writer
Anthony Minghella, the Academy Award-winning director of "The English Patient" whose other acclaimed films include "The Talented Mr. Ripley" and "Cold Mountain," died Tuesday in London. He was 54.
Minghella died in a London hospital from complications of surgery for tonsil cancer a week earlier, Leslee Dart, his spokeswoman, told The Times.
He had not been ill before the surgery, she said.
The London-based writer-director's death came as a shock to friends and colleagues, who remembered him as a gentle, caring and intelligent man and an inspiring leader on a film set.
"The grace, joy and tenderness he brought to his films were symbolic of his life and the many people he touched," Harvey Weinstein, an executive producer of "The English Patient" and "Cold Mountain," said in a statement.
For The Record
Los Angeles Times Tuesday, March 25, 2008 Home Edition Main News Part A Page 2 National Desk 1 inches; 23 words Type of Material: Correction
Minghella obituary: The obituary of director Anthony Minghella in Wednesday's California section described "Inspector Morse" as a TV miniseries. It was a series.
Producer-director Sydney Pollack, Minghella's partner in the production company Mirage Enterprises, described him in a statement as a "realistic romanticist" and "a sunny soul who exuded a gentleness that should never have been mistaken for lack of tenacity and resolve."
Minghella was a critically acclaimed playwright and a successful TV writer in England when he wrote and directed his first film, "Truly, Madly, Deeply," a 1991 British romance starring Juliet Stevenson and Alan Rickman that Rolling Stone critic Peter Travers called "the thinking man's 'Ghost.' "
That was followed by "Mr. Wonderful," a 1993 comedy romance starring Matt Dillon and Annabella Sciorra.
Then came "The English Patient," the World War II romantic epic that, as a London Independent writer once observed, "opened every door in Hollywood to Minghella."
The 1996 film dominated the Academy Awards for that year, winning in nine of the 12 categories it was nominated in, including director, picture and supporting actress for Juliette Binoche.
"Anthony possessed a sensitivity and alertness to the actor's process that very few directors have," Ralph Fiennes, who co-starred in the movie, said in a statement. "He directed most of 'The English Patient' with an ankle in plaster, never losing his gentle humor and precision. He delighted in the contribution of everyone -- he was a true collaborator."
Minghella received Oscar nominations for two screenplays: "The English Patient" (adapted from the Michael Ondaatje novel) and "The Talented Mr. Ripley" (adapted from the Patricia Highsmith novel), a 1999 drama starring Matt Damon, Gwyneth Paltrow and Jude Law.
"He was a brilliantly talented writer and director who wrote dialogue that was a joy to speak and then put it onto the screen in a way that always looked effortless," Law said in a statement. Law also starred in 2003's "Cold Mountain" and Minghella's 2006 film "Breaking and Entering."
Directors Guild of America President Michael Apted said in a statement that he "truly admired" the director's "ability to take a world of epic proportions and make it intimate and personal."
"His films had grandeur and scale and big subject matter, yet there was always an emotion and an intimacy that served as the backbone of his work."
As a director, Minghella made an unusual professional departure in recent years: opera, a longtime passion.
At the invitation of the head of the English National Opera, who thought Minghella's talents as a writer, director and musician were well-suited for opera, he staged a successful production of Puccini's "Madama Butterfly" in 2005 and directed it again a year later as the season opener of New York's Metropolitan Opera.
Minghella recently wrote and directed "The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency," an adaptation of Alexander McCall Smith's novel about a Botswanan private eye. It is to be shown Sunday on the BBC and later on HBO.
"He was one of Britain's greatest creative talents, one of our finest screenwriters and directors, a great champion of the British film industry and an expert on literature and opera," Prime Minister Gordon Brown said in a statement Tuesday.
The son of parents of Italian descent who owned an ice cream factory, Minghella was born Jan. 6, 1954, in Ryde on England's Isle of Wight. As a child, he acted in school plays.
He majored in drama at the University of Hull in England in the 1970s. After graduating, he stayed on as a drama lecturer for several years before quitting in 1981 and spending the next decade writing for radio, TV and the theater. For British TV, he wrote for "Grange Hill," "The Storyteller" and the miniseries "Inspector Morse."
In 1984, the London Theatre Critics named him the most promising playwright of the year for three plays: "A Little Like Drowning," "Love Bites" and "Two Planks and a Passion."
Two years later, the London Theatre Critics selected his "Made in Bangkok," which marked his West End debut, as best play of the year.
"He was a brilliant writer and a lovely guy," British director Danny Boyle, who met Minghella when they were working on "Inspector Morse" and directed "Two Planks and a Passion," told The Times.
Like screenwriters Ronald Harwood ("The Pianist") and Richard Curtis ("Love Actually"), Boyle said, Minghella was able to write emotional, moving stories that never felt calculated and cloying. "That was what set him apart," he said.
Minghella is survived by his wife, choreographer Carolyn Choa; his son Max, an actor; his daughter Hannah, who was recently named president of production at Sony Pictures Animation; his parents, Gloria and Eddie; his brother Dominic; and his sisters Gioia, Lauretta and Edana.
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| i don't know |
Who wrote the poems Kublai Khan and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner | Images of Creativity in "Kubla Khan" and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
Patrick Mooney
English 121
February 28, 2000
An examination of the characters that Coleridge presents in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and "Kubla Khan" and the situations in which they find themselves reveals interesting aspects of Coleridge’s own character that are both similar to and different from the characters named in the titles of these poems. In particular, an examination of these characters with an eye toward Coleridge’s conception of poetic inspiration and success can be fruitful.
In "Kubla Khan," Coleridge depicts a powerful character who "did ... a stately pleasure dome decree" ("Kubla Khan" lines 1-2). The fact that Kubla Khan is able merely to decree a pleasure-dome and know that his orders will be executed implies that he is a character of both strong will and great creative power. This faith in himself is not misplaced. The Khan decrees that a pleasure-dome be built and his order is immediately executed: "So twice five miles of fertile ground/ With walls and towers were girdled round" (6-7). Some aspects of the landscape and the dome echo the hardness implied by the chieftain’s single-minded determination: the fountain "with ceaseless turmoil seething," the "dancing rocks" that are tossed into the air by the fountain, the "ancestral voices prophesying war," and the fact that the sacred river itself is "flung up momently" by the fountain (18, 23, 30, 24). As the Khan’s creation, the dome can reasonably be expected to contain clues to his character, and the characterization of the Khan harmonizes well with these clues about his character given by the pleasure dome: the image of a Mongol chief is one associated with danger, war, and a large amount of strength.
All of the aspects of the dome’s landscape so far mentioned are located beneath the ground in the geography that the poem sets up. Above the ground, the Khan’s pleasure-dome is situated in a landscape which also includes "gardens bright with sinuous rills" and "many an incense-bearing tree" — both images which, along with the pleasure-dome, call to mind sensuality and languor (8, 9). That is, the lower landscape of primal force and dynamic action is covered and concealed by a surface landscape of beauty and permanence. This dichotomy suggests a psychological interpretation of the landscape as a whole: the sensual surface-covering may represent the conscious and rational mind, while the subterranean landscape may represent the unconscious, irrational mind of drives and instincts. The powerful Khan, then, can be seen as a figure who has a connection with both landscapes, and his creation, the dome, "floats midway on the waves" between the two worlds: it protrudes into the surface world of the conscious mind, but its roots extend deep beneath the surface; it is a "sunny pleasure-dome" that has caverns below it that extend so far underground that they becomes "caves of ice" (32, 36).
The other object that exists in both poetic landscapes is the fountain that "flung up momently the sacred river" (24). The fountain is located in the chasm that represents the subconscious, but it tosses the sacred river, Alph, up into the sunny landscape symbolic of the conscious and rational world. The fountain is of particular interest because of the two classes of things that it tosses into the air. The first set of objects that the fountain forces up consists of "fragments" (21). Although these fragments are later described as "dancing rocks," the word "fragment" here calls to mind the fact that the subtitle of "Kubla Khan" describes it as a "fragment." The second thing tossed into the air by the fountain is the water of the sacred river Alph. The name "Alph" suggests the Greek alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet that is frequently associated with beginnings and origins. (For instance, God identifies Himself as "the alpha and the omega" — the beginning and the end — in Revelation 1:8.) Together, the objects flung into the air by the fountain suggest poetic inspiration — and in the context of the symbolic landscape described above, the images seem to describe primally generated fragments of poetry thrown from the unconscious mind into the sunny landscape of rationality. The fountain, that is, is a channel of poetic inspiration, and Kubla Khan is a figure whose strength and focused desire allow him to harness this vehicle of inspiration and make it part of his own creation, the dome.
Like the Khan’s dome, Coleridge’s "Kubla Khan" is a creative work. Like the dome, it exists two levels: a surface, rational level of the literal meanings of the words and the story that they convey and a lower level of symbolism and irrational feelings associated with the texture and sound of the words used. (The patterns of sound quality and texture quality in this poem are complex. The first stanza, for instance, rhymes in the pattern abaab ccdede, and Coleridge frequently alliterates both vowels and consonants to interlock the sounds of various words. The patterns of consonant-alliteration are particularly involved: Coleridge sometimes uses the same sound at the beginnings of two consecutive syllables, even when words are multisyllabic — as in the "miles meandering" of line 25, the "deep delight" of line 43, and the "Xanadu did" of line one.)
Unlike the Khan’s dome, however, Coleridge’s poem is not a complete and structured creative work; it is a "fragment." The Khan, for this reason, presents the dreaming poet with an ideal image of a creative figure that, as Coleridge explains in the final stanza, he attempts to emulate. He identifies the creation of poetry with "That sunny dome, those caves of ice!" (46). The "Abyssinian maid," not previously mentioned in the vision, awakens within the poet a desire to "build that dome in air" with "music loud and long" (45, 44). She seems to be a sort of muse for Coleridge, a figure who provides creative inspiration with music. This equation of music with the pleasure-dome ties the dome to the poem more strongly than any other symbolic link in "Kubla Khan."
The entire fantasy, however, is nothing but that — a fantasy. Coleridge qualifies his ability to "build that dome in air" throughout the last stanza: his ability to do so is dependent on being able to awaken a "deep delight," which in turn depends on his opportunity to "revive within me/ Her symphony and song" (43, 41-42). If that is possible, then he would like to build his own pleasure-dome, the poem, with "music loud and long" (44). All of these requirements, however, are expressed as conditionals — "’twould," "could," and "would," respectively. This seems to constitute a tacit admission on Coleridge’s part that these conditions are unlikely ever to happen. It seems that the poem, then, is expressive of a feeling that Coleridge has that his poetic gift is, in some fundamental way, flawed and incomplete. This is true whether the poem truly is a "fragment" or (as the well-constructed symbolism seems to suggest) it is actually a complete poetic work: the underlying feeling of despair and yearning remains, and the text points to an interpretation of this as despair over the lack of strong creative ability at the level of Kubla Khan.
The figure of the ancient mariner presents an image similar in some ways to Kubla Khan, but the identification of the mariner as a creative figure — in this case, as a storyteller — is simpler and the anxieties about the nature of the creative process are different in nature.
The mariner, as a storyteller, is easily comparable with Coleridge. The similarity between the two figures runs deeper than a mere affinity of creative processes, however. The mariner experiences a force that constrains him to tell his story from time to time: he says that since his experience where he first told his tale to the "hermit good,"
at an uncertain hour,
And till my ghastly tale is told,
This heart within me burns. ("Ancient Mariner" 514, 583-5).
This force is similar to the bursts of inspiration that occur "momently," already identified with Coleridge, that are found in "Kubla Khan" ("Kubla Khan" 19).
Coleridge also seems to identify with the mariner in terms of the anxiety that both experience about the nature of their stories. The mariner is clearly anxious in both of the levels of the story in which he is placed. He is (of course) anxious as a character within the framed narrative in the "Rime," as he has no idea what his eventual fate will be or if he will ever escape alive from the ship, which is a prison from which he is not allowed even the release of death — although it is clear that he desires this escape: he describes the horror of living for a week in the presence of the curse of two hundred dead men’s eyes, saying: "Seven days, seven nights, I saw that curse, / And yet I could not die" ("Ancient Mariner" 261-2).
More importantly, however, the mariner’s anxiety about the story translates to the level of the framing narrative, although for different reasons. In the level of the framing narrative, the mariner experiences anxiety because of the compulsion to tell his tale that he experiences, not because he is unsure of the ending (583-5). The mariner is also anxious that his tale will be heard — he insists that the wedding-guest listen, despite the fact that the guest has a prior commitment to attend his kinsman’s wedding — and that the wedding-guest should learn its moral, which he repeats twice to lend it emphasis (5-6, 13-14, 612-5).
This anxiety about the compulsion to tell the tale and way in which it is to be received are similar to the anxiety that Coleridge seems to have about the Rime’s reception. Coleridge changed the text of "Ancient Mariner" significantly between the first (1798) edition, published in Lyrical Ballads, and the fifth (1817) edition, published in Sibylline Leaves. It is not the alterations in the text itself that change the details of the story that are relevant here, however. Rather, it is the changes in the way that Coleridge contextualizes the poem that are of concern. These changes include a modernization in spelling for words that had previously been spelled in an archaic manner and the addition of a marginal gloss and an epigram. All of these changes seem to attempt to make the poem easier to understand. The modernization of spelling makes the poem more immediately accessible to the reader; the epigram places the mariner’s story in a cosmological context and starts the reader’s thoughts in a certain direction, which helps Coleridge to control the reader’s interpretation of the poem.
The marginal gloss is perhaps the most interesting of the changes between the first and fifth texts of the poem. The set of notes that Coleridge provides cannot be simply explained as a convenience for the reader, although some of them may serve that purpose. Many of these notes, such as the gloss to line 119 ("the albatross begins to be avenged"), the gloss to lines 139-42 (which explains the significance of the albatross-necklace given to the mariner by the other sailors), and the gloss to lines 345-50 (which explains that the spirits animating the dead sailors were "angelic" and not demonic in nature) add additional material not present in the text of the poem itself. The interpretation of Coleridge’s motive most licensed by the text seems to be his desire to control the reader’s understanding of the poem.
In the end, the mariner is an idealized portrait of Coleridge as a poet, just as Kubla Khan is. As a storyteller, the mariner furnishes an example of the compelling nature of the perfect story. Although the wedding-guest wants to leave, and is so torn between hearing the story and attending his kinsman’s wedding that he beats his breast in anguish several times, he is unable to tear himself away from the mariner: "the mariner hath his will" of the guest (16).
Just as the mariner experienced a series of terrible events on his voyage, Coleridge’s life was difficult. He struggled with addiction to opium, his marriage was sometimes difficult, and he certainly seems to have questioned the strength of his poetic gift. It is possible that, like the mariner, Coleridge experienced storytelling and creative urges in connection with feelings of guilt and failure and saw the creation of a poem as an act that is fundamentally cathartic and which expurgates guilt. In that case, the mariner and Kubla Khan do not present fundamentally different images of Coleridge’s ideal of poetic inspiration, but different aspects of the same image: Kubla Khan is an image of an essentially creative aspect of Coleridge’s poetic function, while the mariner is an image of a broken and essentially conciliatory force. When seen in these terms, it seems that the mariner may be the image with which Coleridge most closely identified himself, but both are symbols of his creative process.
References
The Bible. Authorized (King James) Translation.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "Kubla Khan" in Samuel Taylor Coleridge: A Critical Edition of the Major Works. Ed. H. J. Jackson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere, in Seven Parts" (1798 text) in Romanticism: An Anthology, Second Edition. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1998.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. In Seven Parts" (1817 text) in Samuel Taylor Coleridge: A Critical Edition of the Major Works. Ed. H. J. Jackson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
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| Samuel Taylor Coleridge |
What US politician's 1996 autobiography was called 'Dreams From my Father' | Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Poet | Academy of American Poets
Academy of American Poets
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a leader of the British Romantic movement, was born on October 21, 1772, in Devonshire, England. His father, a vicar of a parish and master of a grammar school, married twice and had fourteen children. The youngest child in the family, Coleridge was a student at his father's school and an avid reader. After his father died in 1781, Coleridge attended Christ's Hospital School in London, where he met lifelong friend Charles Lamb. While in London, he also befriended a classmate named Tom Evans, who introduced Coleridge to his family. Coleridge fell in love with Tom's older sister, Mary.
Coleridge's father had always wanted his son to be a clergyman, so when Coleridge entered Jesus College, University of Cambridge in 1791, he focused on a future in the Church of England. Coleridge's views, however, began to change over the course of his first year at Cambridge. He became a supporter of William Frend, a Fellow at the college whose Unitarian beliefs made him a controversial figure. While at Cambridge, Coleridge also accumulated a large debt, which his brothers eventually had to pay off. Financial problems continued to plague him throughout his life, and he constantly depended on the support of others.
En route to Wales in June 1794, Coleridge met a student named Robert Southey. Striking an instant friendship, Coleridge postponed his trip for several weeks, and the men shared their philosophical ideas. Influenced by Plato's Republic, they constructed a vision of pantisocracy (equal government by all), which involved emigrating to the New World with ten other families to set up a commune on the banks of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania. Coleridge and Southey envisioned the men sharing the workload, a great library, philosophical discussions, and freedom of religious and political beliefs.
After finally visiting Wales, Coleridge returned to England to find that Southey had become engaged to a woman named Edith Fricker. As marriage was an integral part of the plan for communal living in the New World, Coleridge decided to marry another Fricker daughter, Sarah. Coleridge wed in 1795, in spite of the fact that he still loved Mary Evans, who was engaged to another man. Coleridge's marriage was unhappy and he spent much of it apart from his wife. During that period, Coleridge and Southey collaborated on a play titled The Fall of Robespierre (1795). While the pantisocracy was still in the planning stages, Southey abandoned the project to pursue his legacy in law. Left without an alternative plan, Coleridge spent the next few years beginning his career as a writer. He never returned to Cambridge to finish his degree.
In 1795 Coleridge befriended William Wordsworth , who greatly influenced Coleridge's verse. Coleridge, whose early work was celebratory and conventional, began writing in a more natural style. In his "conversation poems," such as "The Eolian Harp" and "This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison," Coleridge used his intimate friends and their experiences as subjects. The following year, Coleridge published his first volume of poetry, Poems on Various Subjects, and began the first of ten issues of a liberal political publication entitled The Watchman. From 1797 to 1798 he lived near Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, in Somersetshire. In 1798 the two men collaborated on a joint volume of poetry entitled Lyrical Ballads. The collection is considered the first great work of the Romantic school of poetry and contains Coleridge's famous poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."
That autumn the two poets traveled to the Continent together. Coleridge spent most of the trip in Germany, studying the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, Jakob Boehme, and G. E. Lessing. While there he mastered the German language and began translating. When he returned to England in 1800, he settled with family and friends at Keswick. Over the next two decades Coleridge lectured on literature and philosophy, wrote about religious and political theory, spent two years on the island of Malta as a secretary to the governor in an effort to overcome his poor health and his opium addiction, and lived off of financial donations and grants. Still addicted to opium, he moved in with the physician James Gillman in 1816. In 1817, he published Biographia Literaria, which contained his finest literary criticism. He continued to publish poetry and prose, notably Sibylline Leaves (1817), Aids to Reflection (1825), and Church and State (1830). He died in London on July 25, 1834.
Selected Bibliography
Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision; The Pains of Sleep (1816)
Fears in Solitude (1798)
Lyrical Ballads, with a few Other Poems (1798)
Poems (1803)
Poems on Various Subjects (1796)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Oxford Authors (1985)
Selections from the Sybilline Leaves of S. T. Coleridge (1827)
Sibylline Leaves: A Collection of Poems (1817)
Sonnets from various authors (1796)
The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1969)
The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1912)
The Devil's Walk: A Poem (1830)
The Literary Remains in Prose and Verse of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1839)
The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge (1828)
Prose
A Moral and Political Lecture (1795)
Aids to Reflection in the Formation of a Manly Character (1825)
Biographia Literaria, or Biographical Sketches of my Literary Life and Opinions (1817)
Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1973)
Conciones ad Populum, or Addresses to the People (1795)
Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit (1841)
Essays on His Own Times; forming a second series of "The Friend," (1850)
Hints towards the Formation of a more Comprehensive Theory of Life (1848)
On the Constitution of Church and State (1830)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Selected Letters (1987)
Seven Lectures upon Shakespeare and Milton (1856)
Specimens of the Table Talk of the late Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1835)
The Friend: A Literary, Moral, and Political Weekly Paper (1810)
The Friend; A Series of Essays (1812)
The Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1895)
The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1957)
The Philosophical Lectures of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1949)
The Plot Discovered, or an Address to the People Against Ministerial Treason (1795)
The Statesman's Manual, or The Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and Foresight: A Lay Sermon (1816)
Unpublished Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1932)
Zapolya: A Christmas Tale (1817)
Drama
Remorse, A Tragedy, in Five Acts (1813)
The Fall of Robespierre. An Historic Drama (1794)
Periodicals
| i don't know |
Which singer/actress autobiography was called A View From A Broad | Bette Midler | New Music And Songs |
Bette Midler
About Bette Midler
Bette Midler counts singing as only one of her talents. Still, she has managed to score a number of major hits in a roller-coaster career as a recording artist. Born in Paterson, New Jersey and raised in Hawaii, Midler showed an interest in singing and acting early on, and by the '60s she had moved to New York and gotten a role in the long-running Broadway hit Fiddler on the Roof. Midler developed a nightclub act that included comedy and singing of a variety of kinds of material, including show tunes, pop hits, and even a takeoff on the Andrews Sisters, and appeared with increasing frequency in New York with her accompanist, Barry Manilow. She was signed to Atlantic Records and released The Divine Miss M (1972), which went gold and included a Top Ten single cover of the Andrews Sisters' "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy." Bette Midler (1973) was similarly successful.
Midler's album sales fell off during the rest of the '70s, though her records always reached the Top 100 in the album chart. But in 1979 she starred in the film The Rose, a fictional account of the life of Janis Joplin, and the title track became a Top Ten hit. 1980 saw the release of Midler's concert film, Divine Madness, and her best-selling book, A View from a Broad. Her next film, Jinxed (1982), however, was a major flop, and subsequent records didn't fare well. Midler made a cinematic comeback with Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), but it wasn't until 1989 that she had another pop hit, when her version of "Wind Beneath My Wings" from her film Beaches became a number one hit. This rejuvenated her singing career, and 1990's Some People's Lives became a Top Ten, million-selling album, with the song "From a Distance" hitting number two. Midler's soundtrack album to her 1991 film For the Boys was also a gold-selling hit.
Midler appeared in a television production of the Broadway musical Gypsy that produced a charting soundtrack album in 1993 following the release of her million-selling hits collection Experience the Divine. The gold-selling Bette of Roses (1995) was her first regular album release in five years. Her 1996 film The First Wives Club was a major box office success. In 1998, she switched to Warner Bros. and released Bathhouse Betty, which went gold. With film opportunities drying up, the 54-year-old singer/actress turned to television, developing a half-hour network comedy series based on her own life. Though it didn't last long, Bette premiered on CBS on October 11, 2000; six days later, she released a second Warner Bros. album, also called Bette. During the next five years, Midler covered the songbooks of two seminal artists, Rosemary Clooney and Peggy Lee, and in 2006 came out with her first-ever Christmas record, Cool Yule, which included a duet with Johnny Mathis.
Fans had to wait another eight years for a new studio album from Midler, but in the interim she was far from inactive. She released two compilation albums, 2008's Jackpot: The Best Bette and 2010's rarities set Memories of You; had a two-year residency at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas with her stage show The Showgirl Must Go On; appeared in the feature films The Women, Parental Guidance, and Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore, and starred on Broadway for the first time in 30 years in the play I'll Eat You Last: A Chat with Sue Mengers. Her 14th studio album, It's the Girls! -- a tribute to classic girl trios down the years, from the Andrews Sisters to TLC -- was released in November 2014. In 2016, The Divine Miss M was given a "deluxe" expanded reissue with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material, as well as new liner notes from Midler. ~ William Ruhlmann, Rovi
| Bette Midler |
Which all girl group had top ten hits in the eighties with Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Me Goodbye and Venus | Bette Midler | New Music And Songs |
Bette Midler
About Bette Midler
Bette Midler counts singing as only one of her talents. Still, she has managed to score a number of major hits in a roller-coaster career as a recording artist. Born in Paterson, New Jersey and raised in Hawaii, Midler showed an interest in singing and acting early on, and by the '60s she had moved to New York and gotten a role in the long-running Broadway hit Fiddler on the Roof. Midler developed a nightclub act that included comedy and singing of a variety of kinds of material, including show tunes, pop hits, and even a takeoff on the Andrews Sisters, and appeared with increasing frequency in New York with her accompanist, Barry Manilow. She was signed to Atlantic Records and released The Divine Miss M (1972), which went gold and included a Top Ten single cover of the Andrews Sisters' "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy." Bette Midler (1973) was similarly successful.
Midler's album sales fell off during the rest of the '70s, though her records always reached the Top 100 in the album chart. But in 1979 she starred in the film The Rose, a fictional account of the life of Janis Joplin, and the title track became a Top Ten hit. 1980 saw the release of Midler's concert film, Divine Madness, and her best-selling book, A View from a Broad. Her next film, Jinxed (1982), however, was a major flop, and subsequent records didn't fare well. Midler made a cinematic comeback with Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), but it wasn't until 1989 that she had another pop hit, when her version of "Wind Beneath My Wings" from her film Beaches became a number one hit. This rejuvenated her singing career, and 1990's Some People's Lives became a Top Ten, million-selling album, with the song "From a Distance" hitting number two. Midler's soundtrack album to her 1991 film For the Boys was also a gold-selling hit.
Midler appeared in a television production of the Broadway musical Gypsy that produced a charting soundtrack album in 1993 following the release of her million-selling hits collection Experience the Divine. The gold-selling Bette of Roses (1995) was her first regular album release in five years. Her 1996 film The First Wives Club was a major box office success. In 1998, she switched to Warner Bros. and released Bathhouse Betty, which went gold. With film opportunities drying up, the 54-year-old singer/actress turned to television, developing a half-hour network comedy series based on her own life. Though it didn't last long, Bette premiered on CBS on October 11, 2000; six days later, she released a second Warner Bros. album, also called Bette. During the next five years, Midler covered the songbooks of two seminal artists, Rosemary Clooney and Peggy Lee, and in 2006 came out with her first-ever Christmas record, Cool Yule, which included a duet with Johnny Mathis.
Fans had to wait another eight years for a new studio album from Midler, but in the interim she was far from inactive. She released two compilation albums, 2008's Jackpot: The Best Bette and 2010's rarities set Memories of You; had a two-year residency at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas with her stage show The Showgirl Must Go On; appeared in the feature films The Women, Parental Guidance, and Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore, and starred on Broadway for the first time in 30 years in the play I'll Eat You Last: A Chat with Sue Mengers. Her 14th studio album, It's the Girls! -- a tribute to classic girl trios down the years, from the Andrews Sisters to TLC -- was released in November 2014. In 2016, The Divine Miss M was given a "deluxe" expanded reissue with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material, as well as new liner notes from Midler. ~ William Ruhlmann, Rovi
| i don't know |
Which Shakespeare play was the musical Kiss Me Kate based on | John Frayne: 'Kiss Me Kate' a hit with audience | News-Gazette.com
John Frayne: 'Kiss Me Kate' a hit with audience
Sun, 05/08/2016 - 6:00am | John Frayne
On April 24, I attended the final performance of the Lyric Theatre @ Illinois run of Cole Porter's musical comedy, "Kiss Me Kate," which is partly based on William Shakespeare's play "The Taming of the Shrew."
This musical is one of the outstanding works of the golden age of this genre, at its height in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Anyone around in those days knew the Porter songs by heart and so was well-equipped to enjoy a new production of this fun piece. Judging from the near-ecstatic reaction of the audience, I would call this production a wild success in the opinion of many, and it could, under other circumstances, run for a long time. The original production ran for more than 1,000 performances on Broadway.
This production favored a certain type of realism. There was no curtain, and one saw a man sweeping the stage when you arrived in the theater. This and other warmup activities made for a slow beginning, but as the show went on, the energetic direction of Sarah Wigley Jonson got a dynamic performance from a young and multitalented cast.
In this double drama, combining real American life with the illusion of the Shakespeare play, the principal actors play two roles.
In the double role of Lilli and Kate, Ruth Kenney was outstanding in both singing and dancing, especially in her delivery of "I Hate Men." Anson Woodin showed highly promising talents as Fred and Petruchio, with a forceful rendition of "Where Is the Life That Late I Love." The off-stage and on-stage conflict of this love/hate couple generated much of the comedy of the show.
Carli Liguori gave a high-energy performance as Lois and Bianca, and she was well matched in comic turns with Bennett Kosma as her off-stage boyfriend.
The setting of the show was updated to the present day Hamptons on Long Island, but that aspect of production was soon lost in the hustle and bustle of the multi-layered comedy.
Another updating was the turning of the two male gangsters in the original into women's roles. The tough and tattooed one was hilariously played by Caitlin Richardson, and Ellen Magee was supremely silly as Gangster No. 2. The audience clearly adored them, and their rendering of the hit number "Brush Up Your Shakespeare" could have gone on and on into the night.
Also, the original role of politician Harrison Howell was changed into a glory-hound general, energetically played by Chris Anderson.
Space prevents me from mentioning all the characters in this strong cast.
The dancing, choreographed by Endalyn Taylor, was excellent and at times spectacular.
The all-purpose setting of glass rectangles, which could be reshaped for different scenes, had the merit of utility if not of realism. It was designed by Jose Manuel Diaz-Soto.
Under Michael Tilley's musical direction, the level of the singing of the Cole Porter hits was quite high, and the orchestral score was well-performed by the University of Illinois Philharmonia, conducted by Louis Bergonzi. They played at the back of the stage area, behind the performers, but their sound came through quite well. I presume it was members of this ensemble who played as a jazz ensemble at stage right, giving a warm and intimate intro to some scenes. I found the amplified singing too loud for my comfort, and much of the dialogue eluded me. A summary of the stage action in the program would have been helpful.
The differences in language and tone between real-life America and Shakespearean England were well-managed. With everyone else, I enjoyed the screen displays of the warring couple on the front pages of tabloids, in many languages, yet.
Before the show, Julie Gunn, director of Lyric Theatre Studies, gave a preview of next season's offerings: Claudio Monteverdi's "The Coronation of Poppea," a gala evening devoted to Giuseppe Verdi's music, and the musical "The Light in the Piazza," book by Craig Lucas and music by Adam Guettel.
John Frayne hosts "Classics of the Phonograph" on Saturdays at WILL-FM and, in retirement, teaches at the UI. Reach him at [email protected].
| The Taming of the Shrew |
What type of creature is a mugger | Shakespeare/Pop Music: Broadway - shakespeareandpopularmusic
shakespeareandpopularmusic
INTRODUCTION
Although considered part of the classical theatrical canon today, Shakespeare's plays were an important part of the popular culture of Early Modern England. It seems only fitting that Broadway has made these plays part of popular culture again by adapting them into musicals. Very little academic research and/or writing, however, is available on this topic. In order to remedy the situation, this page has compiled a working archive of resources on Broadway musicals based on Shakespeare's plays, in the hopes that this will generate further interest and analysis. Most of the research that went into creating this page is centered on Broadway specifically, but a list of non-Broadway musicals has also been included in order to show that this phenomenon is by no means centered in one locale.
To date, this archive includes the names of twenty-two Shakespearean musical productions. These productions have been produced in the United States, England, and Prague and have been performed in numerous other countries. Shakespeare's romantic comedies are the genre of play most often adapted into musical productions. Sixteen of the twenty-two productions included in this archive are based on Shakespearean romantic comedies. The Comedy of Errors, which was the first Shakespeare play to ever be adapted into a musical, is tied with Twelfth Night for the most number of musical theatre adaptations, at four productions each (Comedy of Errors: The Boys from Syracuse, Oh, Brother! , The Bomb-itty of Errors, and Da Boyz/Twelfth Night: Play On!, Music Is, Love and Let Love, Your Own Thing), while A Midsummer Night's Dream and Hamlet follow close behind with three different musical theatre adaptations (A Midsummer Night's Dream: Swingin' The Dream, Babes in the Wood, and The Donkey Show: A Midsummer Night's Dream Disco/Hamlet: Rockabye Hamlet, The Lion King, and Hamlet The Rock Opera). Besides Hamlet, three other Shakespearean tragedies have been adapted into musicals: Romeo and Juliet (West-Side Story and Sensations), King Lear (Pop!) and Macbeth (From a Jack to a King). No evidence has been yet found of a history play having been turned into a musical.
Popular music has also been appropriated by many of these productions. Swing (The Brothers of Syracuse, Swingin' the Dream, Play On!) , Rock and Roll (Two Gentlemen of Verona, Rockabye Hamlet, Your Own Thing, From a Jack to a King and Hamlet The Rock Opera), Hip-Hop/Rap (The Bomb-itty of Errors and Da Boyz), and Reggae (The Big Life) are all examples of musical genres that have been appropriated by Broadway musicals - whose songs, incidentally, also sometimes become the stuff of popular music (Kiss Me Kate, West Side Story, Lion King, and so forth). The fluid relationship between Shakespeare and popular music in Broadway productions deserves further consideration, as does the fact that many of these productions are using Shakespeare and popular music not simply to make money, but also to discuss issues of both race (Swingin' the Dream) and gender (Kiss Me Kate) or both (Play On!). Theatre Royal Stratford East's 2005 production of The Big Life, for example, uses Reggae music and the plot-line of Love Labour's Lost to tell the historically true story of Caribbean immigrants who set sail for England in the 1950s on the SS Empire Windrush because they had been promised both jobs and a better life by the English government who very much needed their help to re-build after the war.
Some of the questions that productions like The Big Life require academics to ask of themselves include: 1) Can popular music be used in musical adaptations of Shakespeare to talk-back to colonial/patriarchal imperatives and to de-centralize the hegemonic authority of Shakespeare's works? (And if so how are they able to do this? ); 2) Does the capitalist form of Broadway musical productions make it impossible to de-centralize power of any kind in these musical adaptations of Shakespeare? (And, if so, what are Shakespeare and popular music doing in these productions anyway? i.e. What purpose do they serve?). Hopefully, the information that follows below will help to stimulate interest in these questions and, perhaps, even help to generate a few more. Enjoy!
SHAKESPEARE MUSICAL PRODUCTIONS ON BROADWAY
The Muppets and Christopher Reeve sing "Brush Up Your Shakespeare" from Kiss Me Kate
Creative Team: Music by Richard Rogers, Lyrics by Lorenz Hart, Book by George Abbott.
Date/Location: November 23, 1938 - June 10, 1939
at Alvin Theatre. (235 Performances).
SYNOPSIS:
Based on The Comedy of Errors, this is the first known musical production of one of Shakespeare's play. The play was originally devised by Roger and Hart to showcase the talents of Hart's comedian younger brother, Teddy, who looked a lot like another well-known comedian, Jimmy Savo. Both Teddy Hart and Jimmy Savo starred in the production as the twins Dromio of Ephesus and Dromio of Syracuse. The plot is relatively faithful to Shakespeare's original (itself an adaption of a play by Plautus) and the play's score is influenced by 1930's swing music. The humour in the play, which was often sexual in nature, was critiqued at the time for being obscene.
PERFORMANCE HISTORY:
The play was revived once off-Broadway (Theatre Four: April 15, 1963 - June 28, 1964) and once on Broadway (American Airlines Theatre: July 23, 2002 - August 18, 2002). It was also made into a movie in 1940 (Universal Studios Film) and into a television production in 1986 (Canadian Broadcast Company). In 2003 the Theatre Royal Stratford East in London premiered a hip-hop adaptation of The Boys From Syracuse called Da Boyz.
Broadway Revival Info: http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=12918
Film Production Info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0032276/
The Mamas & The Papas sing "Sing For Your Supper" from The Boys of Syracuse
Documentary about 2007 Northwestern University Re-Make of The Boys from Syracuse
Producer: Erik Charrell in association with Jean Rodney.
Creative Team: Music by Jimmy Van Heusen, Lyrics by Eddie de Lange, Book by Gilbert Seldes and Eri Charrell.
Date/Location: November 29, 1939 - December 9, 1939 at Center Theatre. (13 Performances).
SYNOPSIS:
Starring Louis Armstrong as Bottom, this musical version of a Midsummer's Night Dream is set in 1890's New Orleans, where the action of the plays moves from the Governor's Mansion to the Voodoo Wood. White actors were cast in the roles of the aristocracy, whereas black actors were cast to play the roles of
the fairies and mechanicals. Very little is known about the script, as only a small segment of it has survived, but the songs, similar to The Boys From Syracuse, were influenced by 1930's swing music. The segment of the script that has survived can be found at the following link: http://www.borrowers.uga.edu/borrowers/files/issue1/Pyramus_and_Thisbe.pdf .
Corrigan, Alan. "Jazz, Shakespeare, and Hybridity: A Script Excerpt from Swinging The Dream."
Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal for Shakespeare Appropriation. 1.1 (2005). Online.
Teague, Fran. "Swingin' Shakespeare from Harlem to Broadway." Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal
for Shakespeare Appropriation. 1.1. (2005). Online.
Producer: Saint Subber and Lemuel Ayers.
Creative Team: Music and Lyrics by Cole Porter, Book by Bella Spewack and Samuel Spewack.
Date/Location: December 30, 1948 - July 28, 1950 at New Century Theatre and July 31, 1950 - July 28, 1951 at Shubert Theatre (1077 Performances).
SYNOPSIS :
Featuring songs by Cole Porter, this musical adaptation of The Taming of the Shrew was nominated for (and won) six Tony Awards when it premiered on Broadway, including the award for Best Musical. Written as an attempt to mimic the new genre of the integrated musical (which was developed by Roger and Hammerstein in their musical Oklahoma!) the play features a play-within-a-play where the drama on-stage mirrors the real-life drama going on off-stage. Featuring a well-known scene, where the male protagonist, Fred Graham, turns the female protagonist, Lilli Vanessi, over his knee and spanks her in an effort to tame his un-ruly ex-wife, Kiss Me Kate has been critiqued by feminists scholars for romanticizing acts of violence towards women.
PERFORMANCE HISTORY:
The play was revived on Broadway twice (January 8, 1952 - January 12, 1952 at Broadway Theatre and November 18, 1999 - December 30, 2001 at Martin Beck Theatre). It was also made into a film adaptation in 1953 (MGM) and was adapted twice for television, once in 1958 for Hallmark Hall of Fame and once in 1968 for the American Broadcast Company (ABC). The 1999 play revival was filmed by The Performance Company in 2003 and was presented as part of PBS' Great Performances series on February 26, 2003.
Christensen, Ann C. "Petruchio's House in Postwar Surburbia: Reinventing the Domestic Woman
(Again)." 17.1. (1997): 28-42. Print.
William, Paul. "Breaking the Fourth Wall: 'Belascoism', Modernism, and a 3-D Kiss Me Kate." Film
History. 16.3. (2004): 229 - 242. Print.
2nd Broadway Revival Info: http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=9686
Film Production Info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0045963/
Hallmark Hall of Fame Info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0203623/
ABC Production Info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0312875/
PBS Production Info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0353628/ http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/episodes/kiss-me-kate/introduction/122/
Trailer for Film Version of Kiss Me Kate (1953)
Part 1 of PBS Special of 1999 Revival of Kiss Me Kate
Producer: Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince.
Creative Team: Music by Leonard Bernstein, Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, Book by Arthur Laurents, Conceived by Jerome Robbins.
Date/Location: September 26, 1957 - February 28, 1959 at Winter Garden Theatre, March 2, 1959 - May 10, 1959 at Broadway Theatre, and May 11, 1959 - June 27, 1959 at Winter Garden Theate (732 Performances).
SYNOPSIS:
Based on Romeo and Juliet, this play is a response to actual historical events that were going on in the United States at the time of the play's inception. Specifically it was a response to an escalation of gang violence in New York due, in part, to widespread immigration of Puerto Ricans to New York in the 1950's. Featuring songs by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim, this play won Best Musical at the Tony Awards in 1958.
PERFORMANCE HISTORY:
The play was revived four times on Broadway (April 27, 1960 - December 10, 1960 at the Winter Garden and the Alvin Theatre, April 8, 1964 - May 3, 1964 at the City Center, February 14, 1980 - November 30, 1980 Minskoff Theatre, and March 19, 2009 - Present at the Palace Theatre). It was made into a movie in 1961 (United Artists).
Original Production Info: http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3790
PRODUCTION INFO:
Producer: Mitchell Maxwell, Eric Nederlander, Thomas Hall, Hal Luftwig, Bruce Lucker, Mike Skipper, and Victoria Maxwell.
Creative Team: Book by Cheryl L. West with Songs by Duke Ellington.
Date/Location: March 20, 1997 - May 11, 1997 at Brooks Atkinson Theatre. (61 Performances.)
SYNOPSIS:
Set in the Magical Kingdom of Harlem in the 1940's, this adaptation of Twelfth Night tells the story of Vi, a young woman from the country who dresses up as a man upon arriving in New York to enhance her chances of gaining employment. Vi eventually gains employment with a man named Duke, who is in love with a lounge singer named Lady Liv. The play features songs written by Duke Ellington and Duke Ellington's granddaughter, Mercedes Ellington, provided the choreography for the production.
PERFORMANCE HISTORY:
The play was originally produced at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in 1997 before being produced on Broadway. PBS aired a performance of the play as part of its Great Performances Series in 2000.
Producer: Disney Theatrical Productions.
Creative Team: Music by Elton John, Lyrics by Tim Rice, and Book by Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi.
Date/Location: November 13, 1997 - Present at New Amsterdam Theatre and Minskoff Theatre.
SYNOPSIS:
The Lion King is Julie Taymor's re-envisioning of the Disney movie by the same name, which borrows many of its plots elements from Hamlet. Besides the musical score, written by Elton John and Tim Rice, the most notable aspect of this production is Taymor's use of masks and puppets. The Lion King won the 1998 Tony Award for best musical, as well as four other Tonys for best direction, costume design, set design, lighting design and choreography.
Gavin, Rosemarie. "The Lion King and Hamlet: A
Homecoming for the Exiled Child." English
Journal. 85.3. (1996): 55-58. Print.
Modenessi, Alfredo Michel. "Disney's War Efforts: The
Lion King and Education for Death, or
Shakespeare Made Easy for your Apocalyptic
Convenience." Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of
Language and Literature. 49. (2005): 397-415.
Online. (Note that a more recent version of this essay has been published in Apocalyptic Shakespeares, eds. Caroline Jess Cook and Melissa Croteau. Jefferson N.C and London: McFarland Publishers, 2009: 181-196. Print). The essay focuses primarily on the film.
Wickstrom, Maurya. "Commodities, Mimesis, and
The Lion King: Retail Theatre for the 1990's."
Theatre Journal. 51.2. (1999): 285-299. Print.
Part 1 of Documentary About the Making of the Lion King
Other Productions
Original Production Info: http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3882
Oh, Brother! is based on The Comedy of Errors. November 10, 1981 - November 11, 1981 at ANTA Playhouse. Original Production Info: http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=4141
SHAKESPEARE MUSICAL PRODUCTIONS OFF BROADWAY
Off-Broadway
1. As You Like It based on As You Like It. October 27, 1964 - October 27, 1964 at Lucille Lortel Theatre. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=4049
2. Babes in the Wood based on A Midsummer Night's Dream. December 28, 1964 - February 7, 1965 at Orpheum Theatre. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Babes%20in%20the%20Wood
3. Love and Let Love based on Twelfth Night. January 03, 1968 - January 14, 1968 at Sheridan Square Playhouse. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Love%20and%20Let%20Love
4. Your Own Thing based on Twelfth Night. January 13, 1968 - April 5, 1970 at Orpheum Theatre. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Your%20Own%20Thing
5. Sensations based on Romeo and Juliet. October 25, 1970-November 8, 1970 at Theatre Four. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Sensations
6. Pop! based on King Lear. April 3, 1974 - April 3, 1974 at Players Theatre. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Pop
7. Return to the Forbidden Planet based on The Tempest. October 13, 1971 - April 26, 1992 at Variety Arts Theatre. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Return%20to%20the%20Forbidden%20Planet
8. The Donkey Show: A Midsummer's Night Disco based on A Midsummer Night's Dream. April 18, 1999 - July 16, 2005. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=The%20Donkey%20Show%3A%20A%20Midsummer%20Night%27s%20Disco
9. The Bomb-itty of Errors based on The Comedy of Errors. December 12, 1999 - June 18, 2000 at 45 Bleecker/Bleecker Street Theatre. Production Info: http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=The%20Bomb%2Ditty%20of%20Errors and http://www.bomb-itty.com/index.php
Rap Prologue to The Bomb-Itty of Errors
West-End
1. From a Jack to a King based on Macbeth at Boulevard Theatre and Ambassadors Theatre (1992).
2. Da Boyz based on The Comedy of Errors at Theatre Royal Stratford East (2003).
3. The Big Life based on Love's Labour Lost at Theatre Royal Stratord East (2005).
Scene from The Big Life at Theatre Royal Stratford East (2005)
Elsewhere
1. Hamlet The Rock Opera based on Hamlet at the Kalich Theatre in Prague (1999).
Interview with Jared Ledecky Creator of Hamlet The Rock Opera
Hamlet The Rock Opera in Czech
Hamlet The Rock Opera in English
Christensen, Ann C. "Petruchio's House in Postwar Surburbia: Reinventing the Domestic Woman
(Again)." 17.1. (1997): 28-42. Print.
This article discusses the 1953 film adaptation of "Kiss Me Kate" in relation to the re-domestication of women in post-war American suburbia. After the war, women who worked in factories were forced to vacate their positions for returning soldiers. They were expected, in turn, to marry these soldiers and because suburban housewives.
Corrigan, Alan. "Jazz, Shakespeare, and Hybridity: A Script Excerpt from Swinging The Dream."
Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal for Shakespeare Appropriation. 1.1 (2005). Online.
This article includes a script excerpt from a little known musical adaptation of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" starring Louis Armstrong in the role of Bottom. The production only lasted for thirteen performances and most of the script has not survived. Along with the script excerpt, the essay also contains embedded mp3 clips of some of the songs from the show as well as photos of the production.
Negron-Munater, Frances. "Feeling Pretty: West Side Story and Puerto Rican Identity Discourses."
Social Text.18.2. (2000): 83-106. Print.
This article problematizes the depiction of the Puerto Rican immigrant community of New York in the film version of "West Side Story." The article discusses the fact that the play's creators did very little research before devising the production and that Stephen Sondheim at first was opposed to the idea because he felt that he could not relate to the experiences of the characters that he was writing about.
Miller, D. "West Side Story." Theatre Journal. 61.3. (2009): 479-481. Print
This is a scholarly review of the 2009 Broadway revival of "West Side Story," which attempted to deal with some of the criticisms against the original work by casting actors of Puerto Rican descent in the roles of the Puerto Rican characters and by translating some of the play's lyrics into Spanish.
Sanders, Julie. Shakespeare and Music: Afterlives and Borrowings. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007.
Print.
Julie Sanders' book is an excellent introduction to anyone interested not only in musical adaptations of Shakespeare on Broadway, but also Shakespeare and popular music throughout history. It contains chapters/information on Shakespeare and Jazz Music, Shakespeare and Classical Music, Shakespeare and the Ballet, Shakespeare and Film Scores/Movie Songs, Shakespeare and the Opera, and Shakespeare and Musicals. Most of the information she provides is simply factual. There is very little attempt by Sanders at deeper analysis and she analyzes Shakespeare films with musical numbers and musical adaptations of Shakespeare together which is confusing and also a little bit naive. Nevertheless, if you do not know much about the topic and are interested in learning more, this is a good place to start.
Teague, Frances. Shakespeare and the American Popular Stage. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press, 2006. Print.
This is a fascinating and well researched book that mainly focuses on American musical adaptations of Shakespeare. It also provides information about Shakespeare on the American popular stage before the invention of the stage musical. Especially interesting is Teague's discussion of the use of Shakespeare in Vaudeville and how this inclusion of the high-brow into the low-brow highlights societal tensions that were created in America by the rise of the middle-class.
Teague, Fran. "Swingin' Shakespeare from Harlem to Broadway." Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal
for Shakespeare Appropriation. 1.1. (2005). Online.
This essay contains a plot outline of the Broadway musical "Play On!", which premiered on Broadway in1997 after enjoying a more successful run at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. As well as an outline of the script, the essay contains photos and embedded mp3 tracks from the musical, which appropriates the music of Duke Ellington to score the story of a young woman named Vi, who travels to the Magical Kingdom of Harlem in the 1940's looking for work. The essay also, briefly, compares the 1997 production of "Play On!" to the 1939 production of "Swingin' the Dream," which starred Louis Armstrong in the role of Bottom and actually used the talents of swing/jazz musicians from the Harlem Renaissance.
William, Paul. "Breaking the Fourth Wall: 'Belascoism', Modernism, and a 3-D Kiss Me Kate." Film
History. 16.3. (2004): 229 - 242. Print.
According to the abstract, this article "focuses on the effect of the 3-D motion picture "Kiss Me Kate" directed by George Sidney, released in 1953, had on the motion picture industry." William states that this is one of the last films to be produced using the old stereoscopic process of 3D films, which was originally designed to increase audience participation with the media but which eventually became a commercial gimmick used rarely in the film industry (Note: This article was written before the release of "Avatar" ).
LINKS
http://www.borrowers.uga.edu/cocoon/borrowers/about
This website is a "peer-reviewed, online, multimedia Shakespeare journal" (website) and is also a great resource for anyone interested in the study of Shakespeare and Popular Music. As well as containing articles on musical adaptations of Shakespeare's works, issues of the journal (which are all archived online) contain articles on Shakespeare and Jazz, Shakespeare and Rap, and Shakespeare and Country Music.
http://www.hamlettherockopera.com/
This is the official website of "Hamlet The Rock Opera" which is a musical that was developed and written (both book, music, and lyrics) by Czech composer Janek Ledecky. In 1999, the musical opened in Prague in the brand new Kalich Theatre (which was built specifically for the play). It was a huge success, running for 650 performances. "Hamlet The Rock Opera" has since been produced in Slovakia, in Korea, and in the United States (in translation). The website contains information in English on the play's history, design, music, and author, as well as photos, music clips and video clips from the production.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/
This is the official website of PBS's "Great Performances Series," which is a "continuing primetime performance on showcase on American television" that "bring the best in the performing arts across America and around the world to a US [and Canadian] television audience" (website). On February 26, 2003 "Great Performances" aired a filmed version of the 1999 Broadway revival of "Kiss Me Kate." Information about this television performance, the 1999 Broadway revival, and the original production of "Kiss Me Kate" can be found at this website, which also includes information for educators and an Encyclopedia of Composers and Songwriters.
http://www.bomb-itty.com/
This is the official website of the musical "The Bomb-itty of Errors," which has enjoyed a successful run off-Broadway (1999), as well as successful production in Chicago, London, and at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. This website contains information on the play's authors and current productions, as well as video clips, photos, and reviews.
http://www.ibdb.com/index.php
This is an excellent information for anyone interested in the study of Broadway musicals. This website allows users to search for information by show, people, organizations, theatres, or season and contains on producers, locations (theatre spaces), production runs, revivals, awards, cast and crew lists, song lists, and musical recordings for original Broadway productions. The website search engine, however, is not as intelligent as Google is so be careful of your spelling when you try to look up a production.
http://www.imdb.com/
This is IMDB website that most internet users are familiar with. It is useful for gaining just the basic information (name of director, cast, release dates etc.) of film productions that are based on Shakespeare musicals or to look up basic information about film productions in general.
http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm
This website allows users to look up similar information that they would be able to look up in The Internet Broadway database but for off-Broadway productions (in New York) instead. This website contains the same issues with its search engine that was mentioned above for the Internet Broadway Database.
http://www.theoldglobe.org/
This is the official website of The Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, where the musical "Play On!" was first produced before it was produced on Broadway in 1999. The website is mainly used as a forum for ticket-sales, but it does contain minimal information about past productions under its History webpage.
http://www.stratfordeast.com/
This is the official website of Theatre Royal Stratford East (in London, England) which has produced two recent musical adaptations of Shakespeare's works, "Da Boys" based on "The Comedy of Errors" in 2003 and "The Big Life" based on "Love's Labour Lost" in 2005. The website contains no information of the first production in its online archive (which only goes back to 2004), but the online archive does contain a brief synopsis of "The Big Life." Much like the website of The Old Globe Theatre, however, this website is also mainly a vehicle for ticket-sales to current productions.
LESSON PLANS
For information on how to teach Shakespeare to students by having them develop their own musical production of a Shakespearean text, click on Lesson Plans - Broadway for more information. This page contains three lesson plans (one for Language Arts, one for Music, and one for Drama) that are designed to introduce Grade 6 students to Romeo and Juliet. They can easily be adapted, however, to teach other plays or grade levels. All lesson plans on this website are based on the curriculum guidelines developed by the Ontario Ministry of Education.
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Iceland, Herring and Black Headed are all types of which birds | The RSPB: Browse bird families: Gulls
Browse bird families
Image: Graham Catley
Small to large seabirds, many of which also live inland for at least part of the year; some are strictly marine. Most are grey, black and white when fully mature, but extensively marked with various shades of brown during from one to four years of immaturity.
They have long, slim wings and can fly exceptionally well, but also strong legs, which give them reasonably good mobility on the ground. They swim buoyantly and often resort to water to roost at night. There are many other gulls around the world that do not visit the UK.
| Gull |
What type of animal is a dibitag | Herring Gull
Herring Gull
Hover over to view. Click to enlarge.
Herring Gull
This is a large and highly varied group of birds that do not have many outward similarities. Most are water birds that feed on invertebrates or small aquatic creatures. The order is well represented in Washington, with seven families:
Family:
Laridae
The family Laridae is made up of birds closely associated with water. Distributed throughout the world, representatives of this family nest on every continent, including Antarctica. Most are long-lived birds, many of which do not breed until they are three or four years old. Most are colony nesters and nest on the ground. Clutch size is generally small, varying from one to four eggs. Both parents incubate the eggs and help feed the young. The young typically hatch covered with down and stay in the nest for a few days, after which they leave the nest but stay nearby. Most, especially in Washington, raise a single brood a year. This group is known for its elaborate displays in the air and on the ground.
The Washington representatives of this family can be split into two groups, or subfamilies. The adaptable gulls are the most familiar. Sociable in all seasons, they are mainly coastal, but a number of species also nest inland. Many—but not all—are found around people. Gulls have highly variable foraging techniques and diets. Terns forage in flight, swooping to catch fish or insects. They dive headfirst into the water for fish. Although they are likely to be near water, they spend less time swimming than gulls.
Status:
Maps
General Description
The Herring Gull is a large gull that can easily be confused with almost any of the other large gull species. The adult wears the typical gull-like plumage of slate-gray back and wings, a white body and head, and black wingtips spotted with white. The legs of the Herring Gull are pink, and the eyes are yellow. The beak is yellow with a red spot on the lower mandible, as in most large gulls. In breeding plumage, the eye has a narrow, fleshy, red ring. Juvenile plumage has a varying degree of mottled brown and white. Herring Gulls reach maturity when they are four years old.
Habitat
Herring Gulls use a wide variety of habitats near water. They are common on beaches, mudflats, plowed fields, marshes, docks, commercial fishing areas, and garbage dumps. In the breeding season, they nest on islands. In winter, they are more strongly associated with salt water or open fresh water and are widely distributed along the coasts.
Behavior
An opportunistic species, the Herring Gull forages while walking, swimming, and flying. It may steal food from other birds, and will drop shellfish from high in the air onto rocks or pavement to break the shells.
Diet
Herring Gulls feed mostly on natural prey such as marine fish and invertebrates, although the diet varies considerably with season and location. In addition to marine life, Herring Gulls also eat other birds, eggs, garbage, and carrion.
Nesting
Relatively long-lived birds, Herring Gulls don't typically breed until they are four or five years old. They generally nest in colonies, often with other gull species, and they also nest outside of colonies. Both members of a pair help build the nest, which is typically located on the ground in a sheltered location to protect it from the wind. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with grass, feathers, and other debris. The typical clutch size is 3 eggs, which both parents incubate for about 4 weeks. A day or two after hatching, the young leave the nest, although they stay nearby. The young first fly at the age of about six weeks. The parents continue to feed the young by regurgitation for approximately another month after they begin to fly.
Migration Status
On the West Coast, dispersal from breeding colonies in British Columbia begins in late July. Migrants heading south start showing up along the Washington coastline in August, and numbers increase throughout the fall. Herring Gulls can be found year round as far north as Alaska, although young birds are typically found farther south in the winter than adults, and it appears that only non-breeders are migratory. Spring migration occurs in Washington between late March and mid-May.
Conservation Status
The Herring Gull is currently the most widespread large gull. It experienced a sharp decline during the 19th Century, mostly due to feather- and egg-hunting. The dramatic recovery and range expansion of the Herring Gull during the 20th Century is due to a number of factors, including protection from feather-hunting and egg-harvesting. Increased commercial fishing has reduced populations of large predatory fish, allowing an increase in numbers of small and medium-sized fish. A reduction of marine mammal populations has also helped to ease pressure on the small and medium fish. Increased numbers of garbage dumps following the spread of human populations along coastlines may aid in juvenile survival. Populations in the historic range have recovered, and new areas have been colonized as Herring Gulls expand their range down the Atlantic Coast. A concurrent range expansion has not been seen on the West Coast. In the mid-1970s and 1980s, numbers leveled off, perhaps due to closure and modification of garbage dumps, as well as the reduction of even the small and medium fish stocks. On the West Coast, the status of the Herring Gull is confused by its hybridization with the Glaucous-winged Gull in Alaska, and by the fact that the Thayer's Gull was considered a subspecies of Herring Gull from 1956-1972. The numbers of Herring Gulls breeding in British Columbia appear to be increasing.
When and Where to Find in Washington
In winter, Herring Gulls can commonly be seen in small numbers roosting with other large gulls in all regions of the state, except for the mountains, in marine and fresh water habitats. In eastern Washington, they are common in these waters from October to April, and absent the rest of the year. In western Washington, they are common during migration from February to mid-April, and again in October. The greatest concentration of Herring Gulls in Washington is the lower Columbia River near Vancouver WA (Clark County), especially in March during the smelt run. In eastern Washington, they can be seen on Banks Lake (Grant County) in winter.
Abundance
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What is the main diet of polar bears | Polar bear diet | WWF
Polar bear diet
Polar bears are the top predator in the Arctic marine ecosystem.
Because the polar bear's body requires a diet based on large amounts of seal fat, they are the most carnivorous member of the bear family.
Food can be hard to come by for polar bears for much of the year. The bear puts on most of its yearly fat reserves between late April and mid-July to maintain its weight in the lean seasons.
The food-free season can last 3 to 4 months -- or even longer in areas like Canada's Hudson Bay. As the Arctic warms due to climate change, the ice pack is forming later in the season, and bears must wait longer to begin hunting again.
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WHAT DO POLAR BEARS EAT?
Seals
Polar bear with seal carcass.
© iStockPhoto / Karel Delvoye
Seals are a particularly energy-rich food source, especially for hungry mothers and their growing cubs.
Polar bears can devour huge amounts of fat from seals when this prey is abundant. Polar bears largely eat ringed and bearded seals, but depending upon their location, they may eat harp, hooded and ribbon seal.
A 121-pound seal can provide 8 days worth of energy - but the bear needs to eat much more in order to store up reserves.
When there are plenty of seals, adult polar bears only eat the fat, leaving the carcass for scavengers such as foxes, ravens and younger bears.
A ringed seal swimming in waters off Svalbard, Norway.
© WWF / Sindre Kinnerød
Did you know?
Don't move!
The polar bear often relies on "still hunting" -- patiently waiting next to a hole in the ice until it senses a surfacing seal.
Hunting by smell
Using its sense of smell, the polar bear will locate seal birth lairs, and then break through the lair's roof in order to catch its prey.
Carcasses
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) carrying the remains of a seal carcass, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway.
© Steve Morello / WWF
Polar bears use their sense of smell to detect a carcass from nearly 20 miles away.
They will happily feed on the carcasses of beluga whales, grey whales, walruses, narwhals and bowhead whales when available.
Did you know?
Learning to hunt
The adolescent polar bear often has to scavenge on the carcasses of other bears' kills while learning to develop its own hunting skills.
When food is scarce
Polar bear scavenging at a dump in Arviat, Nunavut, Canada. WWF has worked with the community of Arviat to reduce conflict between polar bears and people.
© Elisabeth Kruger / WWF
Polar bears may attempt to find alternate prey on shore, including muskox, reindeer, small rodents, waterfowl, shellfish, fish, eggs, kelp, berries and even human garbage. Bears attracted to communities by garbage or stored food may come into conflict with people .
Occasionally, the bears will hunt beluga whales and adult walrus.
Watch: A polar bear in Russia's Laptev Sea sizes up a herd of walruses for a meal.
Did you know?
Efficient digestion
The bear's digestive system absorbs approximately 84% of the protein and 97% of the fat it consumes.
4.4 pounds of fat
| Seals |
Which Olympian, was the first person to carry the Olympic torch when it came to the UK in May 2012 | Polar bear habitat | WWF
Donate to polar bears
Polar bear habitat
The polar bear's Latin name, Ursus maritimus, means 'sea bear - an apt name for this amazing species which spends much of its life in, around, or on the ocean.
Polar bears are found throughout the circumpolar Arctic. They're frequently seen along or near coasts and on islands, but they spend the majority of their lives on the sea ice.
Life on sea ice
Sea ice is vital to polar bears. It provides a platform for them to hunt, live, breed, and in some cases, create maternal dens.
But sea ice is more than a simple platform: it is an entire ecosystem inhabited by plankton and micro-organisms, which support a rich food chain that nourishes seals, that in turn become prey for polar bears.
It is the very foundation and defining characteristic of the Arctic marine ecosystem.
Life off the sea ice
As sea ice decreases at a rate of about 4.6% a decade, some polar bears at the southern edges of the species' range are spending five to six months on land, with very few seals to eat.
Without sea ice and seals, polar bears are left to search for other food sources. This can lead them into communities, where garbage dumps, sled dog yards and human food storage offer easy pickings. Bears in communities often create conflict between bears and people – bears threaten the safety of people and their property. Communities, government and WWF are working together to keep both bears and people safe .
Polar Bear population status as of 2014.
© Polar Bear Technical Committee / IUCN
Where polar bears are found, and their current status.
Learn more about the status of polar bears.
What's happening to sea ice?
As the climate warms, Arctic sea ice is disappearing. Almost every summer, the amount of remaining ice gets smaller. The oldest ice has essentially disappeared.
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Whose record did Babe Ruth break when he hit 60 home runs in 1927 | Babe Ruth Hits His 60th Home Run, 1927
Babe Ruth Hits His 60th Home Run, 1927
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He was called the Home Run King, the Babe, the Sultan of Swat, the Colossus of Clout and the Bambino. He was the most acclaimed and highest paid baseball player of his day. His uncanny ability to bat a baseball out of the park created a legend and transformed the New York Yankees into a premier baseball club.
The Babe's last appearance
A Pulitzer-winning photo by Nathaniel Fein.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1895, the Babe had a troubled youth highlighted by his consignment to the St. Mary�s Industrial School (a reform school in downtown Baltimore) by his parents when he was seven. He was a troublesome child who seemed to only find contentment on the baseball diamond. The priests at his school nurtured his talent and convinced the owner of the Baltimore Orioles to give him a chance in 1914. That same season he was traded to the Boston Red Socks as a pitcher.
Ruth's ability at bat was soon revealed. The Red Socks converted him from a pitcher to an outfielder in 1919 to assure he would be in the lineup for every game. The move paid off, that year he hit a record twenty-nine home runs. He was traded to the Yankees in 1920 and hit fifty-four homers for the season. He topped this the following year by smashing fifty-nine baseballs out of the park. At the time, the Yankees played their games in the rented Polo Grounds. The money generated by the crowds clamoring to see Ruth allowed the Yankees to construct their own stadium in the Bronx � Yankee Stadium, "the house that Ruth built."
"I knew I was going to hit it. . . "
By 1927, Ruth was intent on breaking his home-run record. By the last game of the season he had tied his record � he needed only one more. Clair Ruth, the Babe�s future wife, was at the game that day and describes the event:
ADVERTISMENT
"The pennant race was over by September, but Babe was fighting to break his 59 home-run record. He needed 17 to do it in the last month, or better than one every two days. He did it of course. The 60th was made in Yankee Stadium against Washington. Tom Zachary, a left-hander, was the pitcher, and the homer came in the final game.
The Babe had smashed out two home runs the day before to bring his total to 59 for the season, or the exact equal of his 1921 record. He had only this game to set a new record. Zachary, a left-hander, was by the nature of his delivery a hard man for the Babe to hit. In fact, the Babe got only two homers in all his life against Tom.
Babe came up in the eighth inning and it was quite probable that this would be his very last chance to break his own record. My mother and I were at the game and I can still see that lovely, lovely home run. It was a tremendous poke, deep into the stands. There was never any doubt that it was going over the fence. But the question was, would it be fair? It was fair by only six glorious inches!
The Babe at bat
The Babe later professed himself to be unimpressed and unexcited and certainly not surprised by the blow. 'I knew I was going to hit it,' he insisted. I didn't, although I was now used to his riding to occasions.
What delighted him as much, more than the homer, was the spectacle of his pal, Charlie O'Leary, jumping and screaming on the coaching lines, his bald head glinting in the falling sun. Charlie had thrown away his cap in jubilation when the umps signaled the ball fair.
Babe knew the extent of Charlie�s joy because he knew his little friend was almost psychopathic about his bald dome. They didn't play the 'Star-Spangled Banner' before every game then, only on festive occasions. On these occasions Charlie would hide. The baring of Charlie's gleaming head was an appreciated tribute to the popularity of that historic homer."
References:
This eyewitness account appears in: Ruth, Babe, Mrs., with Bill Slocum, The Babe and I (1959); Creamer, Robert, Babe: the legend cones to life (1974); Smelser, Marshall, The Life that Ruth Built: a biography (1975).
How To Cite This Article:
"Babe Ruth Hits His 60th Home Run, 1927" EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2009).
Babe Ruth's home run record was broken during the 1961 season by Yankee outfielder Roger Maris who hit a total of 61.
Clair Ruth, the author of this eyewitness account, was the Babe's second wife. They were not married at the time of this event, but were romantically involved. Ruth was estranged from his first wife, Helen, but would not contemplate divorce because of his Roman Catholic convictions. Helen died in a tragic fire in 1929. The Babe and Clair were married shortly after.
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In which European city will the 2018 Ryder Cup be held | Babe Ruth breaks own home run record with No. 60 in 1927 - NY Daily News
Yankees slugger Babe Ruth breaks own single-season home run record with No. 60 in 1927
Babe Ruth breaks own home run record with No. 60 in 1927
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
Babe Ruth hitting during his 60th home run. September 30, 1927.
(Handout)
Wednesday, September 30, 2015, 9:00 AM
(Originally published by the Daily News on Saturday, Oct. 1, 1927; written by Paul Gallico)
They could no more have stopped Babe Ruth from hitting that home run that gave him a new world's record than you could halt a locomotive by sticking your foot out. Once he had that 59, that Number 60 was as sure as the rising sun. The pitchers could have thrown the ball anywhere. He could have found it. A more determined athlete than George Herman Ruth never lived. With a new record in sight he simply was bound to make it. Ruth is like that. He is one of the few utterly dependable news stories in sports. When the crisis arises he never fails to supply the yarn. Ruth lost no sleep over that sixtieth homer. He knew that Fate had it in the bag for him.
A child of destiny is George Herman. He moves in his orbit like a planet. He sneaked up inevitably on this new home run record. He didn't even seem to be creating one. One moment we found him engaged in a home run race with young Gehrig, in which he seemed to be getting the worst of it, and the next he had passed the fifty mark with enough games left to enable him to accomplish his lifetime ambition.
I even recall writing pieces about these two and saying how Gehrig would soon break Ruth's cherished record, and feeling kind of sorry for the old man having this youngster come along and steal all his thunder, and now look at the old has-been.
Originally published by the Daily News on Saturday, Oct. 1, 1927.
(New York Daily News Archives)
Originally published by the Daily News on Saturday, Oct. 1, 1927.
(New York Daily News Archives)
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Young Gehrig's part in Ruth's achievement should not be minimized, and the Babe would be the last one to do so. He is one of the most unselfish fellows in the world. The mechanics of Lou's assistance were these. He spurred Ruth on to greater effort than ever before, and with his own devastating clouting he forced the pitchers to throw strikes at Ruth. To pass Ruth to get at Gehrig was plumb suicide in mid-season. This automatically did away with many of the free passes that played such havoc with Ruth's hitting, not alone his long distance hitting but his run making. Remember that having a home run hitter on a team is not always an asset. When you have a man on base and they pass your heaviest and most dependable hitter it isn't productive of runs.
But irrespective of these mechanical aids, think of the eye, the co-ordination, the rhythm and the strength it takes to hit sixty baseballs - heck, it may be sixty-one and sixty-two this afternoon - so gosh-all-fired hard that they cannot be caught by outfielders in a normal ball park.
Babe Ruth crosses the plate after hitting his 60th homer.
(Daily News)
Succumb to the power and the romance of this man. Drop your cynicism and feel the athletic marvel that this big, uncouth fellow has accomplished.
Never mind the know-it-all stuff, the high fly business and the grooved ball stuff. Remember this. The last two home runs that Ruth hit, the one that tied and the one that broke the record, won ball games. Do you think any pitcher would be sap enough to lay one down the gutter with a ball game depending on it, even one that didn't count? They all count in the pitchers' records and that's what they use to ask for raises.
Even if one of the throwers had grooved one in the final game, what of it? Ruth had plenty of bad balls heaved at him all spring and summer long, plenty of intentional passes. He battered his way through the best pitching right up to the last.
Babe Ruth hits his 60th homerun of the season on September 30, 1927 at New York's Yankees Stadium during a game against the Washington Senators.
(AP)
That high fly stuff doesn't go either. When Ruth conks one it stays conked. Of all the home runs I have seen him hit, only one could be called a high fly, and then it was so doggone high that no outfielder in the world could have snagged it. It went so blinkin' high that it looked like of those things they drop off the Flatiron building for a publicity stunt. The rest of them went sailing up into the bleachers on a line.
I get a tremendous kick out of that egg. I like to have illusions about him. I admire his hitting and I like to believe that everything about it is on the level. I don't trust many things in sports, but Ruth I do, and I still get that silly feeling in my throat when he conks one. I'm tickled silly over his breaking that record.
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Who won the Professional Footballers Association player of the Year award for 2014/2015 season | Chelsea's Eden Hazard named PFA Player of the Year - BBC Sport
BBC Sport
Chelsea's Eden Hazard named PFA Player of the Year
26 Apr 2015
Eden Hazard joined Chelsea from French side Lille in 2012
Eden Hazard has won the Professional Footballers' Association Player of the Year award.
Hazard, 24, has scored 13 goals and made eight assists in 33 Premier League games to help leaders Chelsea move to the cusp of the title.
The award was voted for by the Belgian midfielder's fellow professionals.
Tottenham Hotspur's Harry Kane, 21, was named PFA Young Player of the Year, while Chelsea midfielder Ji So-Yun took the Women's Player of the Year award.
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Is Hazard a deserved PFA winner?
Hazard, who won last season's young player accolade, was handed the prize at the Grosvenor Hotel in London on Sunday.
"I'm very happy. One day I want to be the best and what I did this season is play very well, Chelsea played very well," he said.
"I don't know if I deserve to win but it is good for me. It is better to be voted by the players - they know everything about football.
"Personally I have played a good season, I have been there in the big games and I scored a lot of important goals, this is why I'm better this season."
Arsenal midfielder Leah Williamson, 18, won the Women's PFA Young Player of the Year award.
Young Player of the Year - Harry Kane
Harry Kane has scored 30 goals in all competitions this season
The 21-year-old was voted Young Player of the Year despite only beginning to feature regularly for the White Hart Lane club in November.
Kane has 30 goals in all competitions for Mauricio Pochettino's side this season and also scored on his England debut against Lithuania in March.
"It is amazing. It is a very proud moment for myself and my family - hopefully the first of many to come," said Kane about his award.
"I have got to keep working hard, but to be recognised by your fellow players is something special and it is a night I won't forget.
"I got the opportunity with the gaffer and I have really enjoyed my season so far - I have taken my chance."
Kane's season in numbers
Teams of the Year
Six Chelsea players are in the PFA Premier League Team of the Year.
Defenders Branislav Ivanovic, John Terry and Gary Cahill are joined by midfielders Nemanja Matic and Eden Hazard plus striker Diego Costa.
Southampton full-back Ryan Bertrand and Spurs striker Kane are also in a team voted for by top-flight players.
Manchester United goalkeeper David De Gea, Liverpool's Philippe Coutinho and Alexis Sanchez of Arsenal also figure.
Lucy Bronze, 23, is the only player from Liverpool's championship-winning side to be selected in the Women's Super League Team of the Year.
Striker Troy Deeney, 26, is the only member of promoted Watford's side in a Championship Team of the Year that features players from nine different clubs.
Five players from champions Bristol City are selected for the League One Team of the Year.
The League Two select XI features players from Portsmouth, Plymouth, Southend, Bury, Luton, Exeter and Shrewsbury.
PFA Merit award - Steven Gerrard and Frank Lampard
Frank Lampard and Steven Gerrard are both heading for the MLS
Former England midfielders Steven Gerrard, 34, and Frank Lampard, 36, shared the PFA Merit award.
The veteran pair will leave the Premier League for Major League Soccer in the United States in the summer, having collected 220 England caps between them.
"I'm a young boy from a council estate who has worked ever so hard to get to where I am today," said Gerrard, who will bring his 17-year career at Anfield to an end this summer when he joins Los Angeles Galaxy.
"I have been lucky, I have had a fantastic career, it has been full of highs and lows but some of the highs I have achieved have blown me away and I achieved a lot of my dreams playing for Liverpool and England.
"Frank is an unbelievable player, a world-class player and I couldn't ask for anyone better to share it with."
Lampard, on-loan at Manchester City from New York City FC, added: "I have been fortunate enough to have had a long time playing in the Premier League along with Steven.
"It is a great honour to be alongside a player who himself has done so much for the game. For the two of us to get it, it is a nice send-off and a nice ending for me."
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What is the main river of Brazil | Chelsea’s Eden Hazard ‘very happy’ to be named PFA Player of the Year | Football | The Guardian
Chelsea’s Eden Hazard ‘very happy’ to be named PFA Player of the Year
• Forward rewarded for inspiring team to verge of Premier League title
• Tottenham’s Harry Kane named PFA Young Player of the Year
Sunday 26 April 2015 19.15 EDT
Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 09.14 EDT
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Eden Hazard has been named the Professional Footballers’ Association player of the year for 2014-15, recognising a season of performances that have helped bring Chelsea to the verge of the Premier League title.
The 24-year-old, who won the young player of the year award last year and has built on that achievement with some impeccable displays this time around, took the prize ahead of second-placed Harry Kane and third-placed David de Gea. A few hours before the ceremony at Grosvenor House in London, Hazard had made his 33rd league start in as many games at Arsenal’s Emirates Stadium, where his side secured a draw that took them 10 points clear at the top with five games left.
“I’m very happy,” said Hazard. “One day I want to be the best and what I did this season is play very well, Chelsea played very well. I don’t know if I deserve to win but it is good for me.
“It is good, it is better to be voted by the players – they know everything about football. This is good. I’m very happy.”
Hazard, a Belgium international, arrived at Stamford Bridge from Ligue 1 side Lille in June 2012 as a much-heralded wunderkind and has matured into one of the world’s best attacking players. He has scored 18 goals in all competitions this season and was praised by his manager Jose Mourinho last week as “A fantastic boy. A golden boy.”
“I continue like I did last season – I try to be the same,” added Hazard. “I try to score more goals than last season [when he scored 17]. Personally I have played a good season, I have been there in the big games and I scored a lot of important goals, this is why I’m better this season.
“Jose [Mourinho] lets me play, we talk together sometimes and when I’m on the pitch I know what I have to do – this is most important. We are almost there to win the league.”
Winner of the PFA’s Young Player of the Year, Harry Kane. Photograph: Barrington Coombs/PA
The young player of the year award was won by Kane, ahead of Hazard and Philippe Coutinho. It came as little surprise after a season in which the 21-year-old striker has scored 30 goals for Tottenham Hotspur – 20 of them in the Premier League. He described his campaign as “unreal”.
Kane, who also scored on his England debut in March within 79 seconds of entering the pitch against Lithuania, had been named alongside Hazard in the PFA Team of the Year earlier on Sunday. Five other Chelsea players also made the XI and were joined by De Gea, Ryan Bertrand, Coutinho and Alexis Sanchez.
Ji So-yun made it a clean sweep for Chelsea in the senior awards, being named PFA women’s player of the year. The South Korean midfielder has been instrumental for the current Women’s Super League leaders since joining the club last year. Leah Williamson, the 18-year-old Arsenal midfielder and England Under-23 international, took the women’s young player of the year title.
There was also acknowledgement for two long-term servants to the men’s game who will both leave the Premier League for Major League Soccer this summer. Steven Gerrard and Frank Lampard shared the PFA Merit Award – with Lampard, who partnered Gerrard in the England midfield for a decade, saying: “It is a great honour to be alongside a player who himself has done so much for the game. For the two of us to get it, it is a nice send-off and a nice ending for me.”
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What is the largest lake in Central America | What is the Largest Lake in Central America
What is the Largest Lake in Central America
27 Nov, 2012 what is
0
Central America is generally regarded as the region between North America and South America. It is considered to be a subcontinent, rather than being a part of either continent. There are seven countries in this region called; Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Belize. Central America covers about 534,000 km2 (202,000 sq mi), which is just 0.1% of the Earth’s surface! Despite this fact, Central America is home to the 19th largest lake in the world (by area). Let’s find out the name of this lake and where it is located.
What is the largest lake in Central America?
The largest lake in Central America is Lake Nicaragua (Spanish: Lago de Nicaragua), also known as Cocibolca or Granada. Lake Nicaragua has a total surface area of 8,264 km2 (3,191 sq mi). The lake is not overly deep with a maximum depth of 26 m (85 ft). It drains from west to east into the Caribbean Sea via the San Juan River.
As the name suggests, Lake Nicaragua is located entirely within the country of Nicaragua. This lake is located in the southwest of the country close to the border with Costa Rica.
Did you know?
Nicaragua is also home to Lake Managua, which is the second largest lake in Central America. Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua are sometimes connected via the Tipitapa River. Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, lies on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua.
Plans were once may to made a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. However, the Panama canal was built instead and plans for the Nicaragua were put on hold. There have been attempts to get support for the Nicaragua canal since this time, but none have been successful.
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The largest lake in central america
The largest lake in central america is Lake Nicaragua called also Lago Cocibolca, Lago de Nicaragua, Mar Dulce, Gran Lago, Lago de Granada, Gran Lago Dulce, Cocibolca, Granada. The area of lake Nicaragua is 8,264 km2 / 3,191 sqare miles (click on the link to get area converter). Lake Nicaragua is located in southwestern Nicaragua. It drains via the San Juan River into the Caribbean Sea. LN is almost same size as Lake Titicaca which is located on border of Peru and Bolivia (the largest lake in South America). Titicaca surface area is 8,372 km2 / 3,232 square miles . Titicaca Lake is also highest set lake in the world. It sits 3,812 m (12,500 ft) above sea level
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In which European capital city is the famous Hotel Kempinski | Luxury 5 Star Hotel In Berlin | Hotel Adlon Kempinski
Further Information
Hotel Adlon Kempinski Berlin Movie
Take a tour through the hotel and experience the diversity Hotel Adlon Kempinski will enchant you with. Spacious rooms and suites and a variety of culinary offers as well as the history of Hotel Adlon, directly located at the Brandenburg Gate.
Whether it is a short stay over the weekend, a business meeting in the German capital, your wedding, birthday or a large conference, Hotel Adlon Kempinski is the perfect ...
Nightlife & Getting Around
Trendsetters, party people and night owls - welcome to Berlin!
Party until dawn indoors or outdoors, in small bars, sleek lounges and cool cellars or on artificial beaches. Savour sassy cocktails and dance the night away. Curious to discover more of Berlin and its surroundings? Visit some of the city’s beautiful recreation areas. Or what about a day trip to Potsdam or Dresden?
For further information or ticket reservations, our concierge team will be ...
Restaurants in Berlin
If you are a gourmet enthusiast, you have come to the right place: Hotel Adlon Kempinski.
Berlin is a culinary melting pot where old and new traditions and east and west unite. Treat yourself to the ultimate gourmet experience at the city’s 15 Michelin-starred restaurants. Get a taste of German cooking or indulge in Thai or Indian cuisine. Or simply savour a Berlin Currywurst.
For further information or ticket reservations ...
Museums & Art Galleries
Embrace the past, present and future of Berlin. Discover priceless treasures of art.
Go and see paintings of timeless beauty from Giotto to Caspar David Friedrich and Joseph Beuys to Keith Haring. Berlin boasts more than 175 museums and some 300 art galleries. Last but not least, there is the Berlin Museumsinsel, a veritable paradise for art lovers.
For further information or ticket reservations, our concierge team will be glad ...
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Which artist painted the picture Tahitian Women | Luxury 5 Star Hotel In Berlin | Hotel Adlon Kempinski
Further Information
Hotel Adlon Kempinski Berlin Movie
Take a tour through the hotel and experience the diversity Hotel Adlon Kempinski will enchant you with. Spacious rooms and suites and a variety of culinary offers as well as the history of Hotel Adlon, directly located at the Brandenburg Gate.
Whether it is a short stay over the weekend, a business meeting in the German capital, your wedding, birthday or a large conference, Hotel Adlon Kempinski is the perfect ...
Nightlife & Getting Around
Trendsetters, party people and night owls - welcome to Berlin!
Party until dawn indoors or outdoors, in small bars, sleek lounges and cool cellars or on artificial beaches. Savour sassy cocktails and dance the night away. Curious to discover more of Berlin and its surroundings? Visit some of the city’s beautiful recreation areas. Or what about a day trip to Potsdam or Dresden?
For further information or ticket reservations, our concierge team will be ...
Restaurants in Berlin
If you are a gourmet enthusiast, you have come to the right place: Hotel Adlon Kempinski.
Berlin is a culinary melting pot where old and new traditions and east and west unite. Treat yourself to the ultimate gourmet experience at the city’s 15 Michelin-starred restaurants. Get a taste of German cooking or indulge in Thai or Indian cuisine. Or simply savour a Berlin Currywurst.
For further information or ticket reservations ...
Museums & Art Galleries
Embrace the past, present and future of Berlin. Discover priceless treasures of art.
Go and see paintings of timeless beauty from Giotto to Caspar David Friedrich and Joseph Beuys to Keith Haring. Berlin boasts more than 175 museums and some 300 art galleries. Last but not least, there is the Berlin Museumsinsel, a veritable paradise for art lovers.
For further information or ticket reservations, our concierge team will be glad ...
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Of which English county is a white rose the emblem | Yorkshire Flag | British County Flags
British County Flags
Posted on May 17, 2013 by vexilo
The flag of Yorkshire was registered in 2008. It bears a white rose
which has long been associated with the county. The white rose, also known as the “rose alba” or “rose argent”, was originally the symbol of the House of York and is believed to have originated with the first Duke of York, Edmund of Langley in the fourteenth century, who founded the House of York as a cadet branch of the then ruling House of Plantagenet. The rose carried religious connotations, its white colour symbolising innocence and purity. It was accordingly also held to evoke the Virgin Mary, who was referred to as the “Mystical Rose of Heaven”. An alternative view is that a white rose was originally a badge of the Mortimer family whose member Anne married Edmund’s younger son Richard. Their son, also Richard, third Duke of York and father of Edward IV, claimed the throne through his Mortimer descent and therefore naturally displayed their white rose in opposition to the Lancastrian Henry VI, who bore a red rose. The white rose emblem of the House of York is found as a detail
in a book produced for Edward IV, the first Yorkist king. It has further been noted that the livery colours of the Plantagenets were red and white and thus the white and red rose emblems reflected the family split.
However it should be borne in mind that The ‘House of York’ was a line of aristocracy, which, whilst owning estates in the county, was based, not in York, but mainly in the south of England and Wales. During the civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster there were few ‘Yorkists’ in York, in fact, major Yorkshire landowners were prominent supporters of the House of Lancaster! By the 18th century however there is an account of an event whose exact nature is a little shadowy but which has certainly inspired a trenchant mythology that may have helped to develop the association of the white rose with the county. Sources report that at the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759, Yorkshiremen of the 51st Regiment of Foot picked white roses from bushes near to the battlefields and wore them on their clothing. Some accounts describe this as an act of tribute to their fallen comrades after the battle, placing the flowers in their coats, although an alternative theory is that the flowers were plucked and worn during the advance as an act of bravado, placing them in the head-dress. Military historian C.E. Audax however, has written of this incident; in his work ‘Badge backings and special embellishments of the British Army’ published in the 1990s, he quotes one Major C.B.T. Thorp, who, in 1932 wrote “I have not seen any contemporaneous account of the battle which mentions the incident nor can I discover that prior to 1860 roses were worn by the Minden regiments on the anniversary of the battle.” He goes on to say “…nowhere can I find mention of roses until some years after the centenary of Minden the celebration of which was clouded by the aftermath of the Crimea and the Indian Mutiny.”
The Yorkshire Ridings Society itself on its website writes “250 years ago, on the 1st August 1759, soldiers of the 51st Regiment of Foot, a Yorkshire Regiment, took part in the battle of Minden… Reports of the battle mention that the British Soldiers picked roses and wore them on their uniforms, possibly in memory of their fallen comrades. News was in black and white in those days so the colour of the roses is not known.” which even sheds doubt on whether the flowers in question were actually white! However there is certainly a “white rose” tradition arising from these events and on August 1st, Minden Day, a celebrated British military victory is commemorated by Yorkshire regiments with the wearing of white roses.
Whatever the precise circumstance were, events do indicate a developing association between the white rose of the House of York and the county of York, which reached its full development in the nineteenth century. The term ‘Wars of the Roses’ is believed to have been first used in the novel”Anne of Geierstein” by Walter Scott in 1829 who likely coined the term from the fictional scene in William Shakespeare’s play Henry VI Part 1, where the opposing sides pick their different coloured roses at the Temple Church. Subsequently, the Victorian fashion for matters medieval, evident in their Gothic architecture and numerous “follies”, seems also to have cultivated the link between York and the white rose symbol, with a crop of rose motifs appearing on the buildings of York!
In the twentieth century the association was extended to embrace the entire county; almost all Yorkshire civic arms registered in this period prominently feature a white rose e.g.
By contrast Yorkshire’s older towns, such as Leeds, Hull, and York itself, have no rose in their arms;
indicating the comparatively recent recognition of the white rose as the emblem of the county of Yorkshire.
The white rose also featured prominently in the arms of the local councils established in 1889 in the three historic divisions of Yorkshire termed “ridings”. This term, of Danish origin, referred to a “third” of the county and with separate judicial systems and lieutenancies the three Ridings operated effectively as separate counties. Accordingly a council was created to administer each Riding, which were each larger than many other counties. The arms of the West Riding Council,
awarded in 1927, distinctively feature a “rose en soleil”
a device adopted by the Yorkist king, Edward IV, upon his accession to the throne after the Battle of Towton. The emblem was fashioned by combining the rose of the House of York
with the sun badge used by Richard III
and was the punning reference in Shakespeare’s famous lines from Richard III;
“Now is the winter of our discontent
Made glorious summer by this sun of York.”
The combined badge seemingly indicated that the House of York, the white rose, was now combined with the kingship, the royal badge of the sun. The above image of a white rose from Edward IV’s book, in fact, looks rather like the rose is depicted against the rays of a sunburst. The rose en soleil device is incidentally said to have been the cause of the result of the Battle of Barnet in 1471 when Edward IV confronted the Lancastrian De Vere, Earl of Oxford, whose men wore a silver star. Through a mist De Vere’s ally, the Earl of Warwick, mistook the star for Edward’s rose en soleil and charged his own side. The resulting confusion lost the Lancastrians the battle!
The rose en soleil badge was very specifically designed to represent Edward, Duke of York, as King; its appearance in these arms, in the twentieth century, is therefore a rather marked statement of the perceived association of the white rose with the locality. Not only was a basic white rose a symbol of Yorkshire but even the specifically royal, highly adorned one, was appropriated as a county emblem. Accepting this, the use of this device by the one riding does seem rather arbitrary, as any of the three might have an equal claim to use what was evidently regarded as a symbol of the whole county. To judge from military insignia however, it is arguable that the white rose was initially perceived as a more specifically West Riding emblem. It may be noted for example, that a white rose featured in the military colours of some local militia regiments during the Napoleonic period. A notebook in the National Army museum dated circa 1812, shows the regimental colours of some Yorkshire forces, of which only the Craven, Strafforth & Tickhill, Wakefield and West Halifax regiments included a white rose – several on the first named and one in the centre of the banner, for the other three. These locations are all located in the West Riding. Even so the white rose in this era seems not yet to carry any overt Yorkshire symbolism; none of the other regiments bore a white rose. Most other militia units used borough or town arms, the Southern Regiment of West Yorkshire Yeomanry, for example, raised in Doncaster in 1794 and disbanded in 1821, used the arms of the city of York to signify ‘Yorkshire’ generally; none of them it seems, deemed a white rose an appropriate symbol to depict on their standards.
A century later however, the white rose had become a defiantly Yorkshire device, for example “The Queen’s Own Yorkshire Dragoons” a yeomanry regiment of the British Army , despatched to serve in the Second Boer War in 1899, bore a white rose as its regimental badge
which interestingly, was depicted against a blue background. Whilst in chief, or at the top of the shield, on the West Riding arms, are three more white roses representing the three Ridings of the county of Yorkshire. This feature was common to all three Ridings’ council arms and is an unequivocal statement that a white rose represents Yorkshire generally.
It was therefore inevitable that a white rose would feature on the county flag of Yorkshire but who first placed it upon a blue piece of cloth, appears to have been lost in the mists of the not far distant past. All references to the origin of the flag of Yorkshire speak of it having appeared in the 1960s, the Registry itself describes the flag as dating from 1965, although exactly when, where and how this came about remains unclear. It is pure speculation but one conceivable inspiration for the blue flag bearing the white rose may be the colours and devices borne by the county cricket team.
The badge of Yorkshire County Cricket Club
was designed by Lord Hawke, in the early days of his captaincy in the nineteenth century. Inspired by the use of a red rose by Lancashire, his rose however was not a real flower but featured eleven petals to represent the eleven players of the team. Yorkshire’s club colours are dark blue, light blue and yellow for the 1st eleven and plain blue for the 2nd eleven. These are knitted in bands forming the v-neck of each player’s sweater. The limited overs team, Yorkshire Vikings, wears the colours in the players’ overall uniforms. Use of these colours goes back to the start of the 20th century at least, although why these colours are used is unaccounted for. It does seem likely that with blue being so prominently used to represent the county in a sporting context that the colour became naturally accepted as the county colour, generally. As can be seen above, the club badge appears against a dark blue background and indeed a dark blue flag bearing this stylised white rose is raised during matches as seen here in this photo from Scarborough in 2003.
This is very similar indeed to the Yorkshire county flag, as seen in previous decades,
which was also a dark shade of blue.
Curiously in 1989 the magazine “This England” issued a chart of the Traditional Counties of England
along with a series of stickers depicting the arms associated with each county – basically those used by the former county councils in most cases. There was of course no Yorkshire county council so it was necessary to invent the “arms” issued for this county and the sticker for Yorkshire shows a white rose on a, red, background!
The chart and stickers also appeared in an article in the publication “The Coat of Arms” no.153 (Spring 1991) by Ralph Brocklebank who remarks on the red field, which remains unexplained. One wonders if the red shield in this chart may have been inspired by the arms of the former West Riding Council – which was partly red and featured a large white rose? Brocklebank himself suggests that the West Riding council arms could be used to represent the whole county (as previously noted), rather than just a rose on a plain field, red or blue.
The blue flag was promoted by the Yorkshire Ridings Society (YRS) which was formed in 1974, in the wake of the legislation which abolished the Riding councils, to preserve the county’s true, whole, identity. Again, exactly when the society first started to promote the blue flag is unclear; it was operating in 1989 so if the blue flag was being promoted at this time the red shield on the “This England” chart is curiouser still! By the turn of the twenty first century the blue flag had become quite prominent and with the advent of the Flag Institute’s registry moves were made to see the design registered as the county flag. The YRS cited the case of a Ryedale farmer who in 2003 was summonsed, but not prosecuted, for flying the “Yorkshire flag” at a time before the liberalisation of flag flying regulations and that this was one of the motivations to secure registration of the design. Its ultimate registration was not completely without controversy however.
The late William Crampton, founder of the Flag Institute, had considered a possible Yorkshire flag in the 1990’s, which placed the rose en soleil, now firmly associated with county, at the centre of a Saint George’s cross.
Michael Faul’s, (later editor of the Flag Institute’s journal, Flagmster,) design had a Scandinavian cross in English colours, in recognition of the lengthy and significant Dano-Norwegian presence in York and the surrounding county, a neat encapsulation of the region’s history. The rose en soleil emblem of Yorkshire was retained.
This latter version became an established contender for the county flag and was taken up by the Yorkshire Dialect Society and the “Campaign for Yorkshire”, which sought to establish a Yorkshire parliament.
Another contending Yorkshire flag was designed by Mrs Olive Snaith of Goole, which was also a white rose on a blue background and essentially the same as the flag that was registered, although interestingly the hue of this flag is significantly lighter than the shade of blue used in earlier versions of the registered design
In 2008 prior to the registration of the Yorkshire flag, Michael Faul had called for all three contending designs to be given an equal chance to be registered, his flag having already been manufactured and flown by expatriates abroad and used by local bodies. In Devon, Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, Gloucestershire and Orkney, the designs were the winners of local competitions and he hoped for a similar opportunity in Yorkshire. The YRS favoured blue flag however, was also endorsed by the Lord Mayor of Hull and the Admiral of the Humber and other local representatives and ultimately the high profile of the Yorkshire Riding Society proved unassailable and their preferred design was registered as the county flag.
In 2013, Michael Faul’s flag was submitted to the competition to select a flag for the West Riding. With its colour scheme of red and white and its use of the rose en soleil device the design was similar to the arms of the former West Riding Council so there was a certain familiarity in the pattern. The flag was the winning entry in the competition and was duly registered as the flag of the West Riding by the Flag Institute on May 23rd 2013.
As has been remarked the Yorkshire flag in earlier days had been dark, like the colour of the flag used by the Yorkshire County Cricket Club. Here is a Yorkshire flag in a dark shade, displayed at Mickle Fell, the highest point in the county, which was purchased in April 2008, two months before the Yorkshire flag’s registration.
At the time of registration the exact shade of blue used in the Yorkshire flag was fixed as Pantone 300
This shade is the one used in the Scottish national flag, not quite as dark as the early versions of the flag but not varying from it by a great degree. In practice however, the adoption of this slightly lighter blue shade appears to have given rise to the production of Yorkshire flags of an extremely light blue colour as evidenced by this version flying outside the Department for Communities and Local Government in 2010.
Such very light blue flags appear to originate in the Far East where perhaps the guide of pantone shades is not recognised or followed.
This recent innovation is not welcomed by many as it seems to have changed the whole character of the recognisable county flag. One wonders also if the above “Snaith flag” may have been an influence in this change of colour? The YRS itself refers to this colour change on its website where it states simply “ In the past this has been a dark blue background but more recently a light blue background has become fairly common. “
The orientation of the rose is also worthy of consideration. The rose in the registered design sits on one sepal, forming the base of a letter “Y” for Yorkshire, with the other two sepals at either side of the top petal. However, in the East Riding the tradition holds that the rose is depicted with a sepal at the top, that is, the inverse of the registered rose. It is posited that this reflects the fact that, as noted previously, not every land owner in Yorkshire supported the Yorkist claim to the throne, especially in the East Riding! This was not reflected however in the orientation of the white roses used in the arms of the East Riding Council.
The date of the battle of Minden, August 1st and the subsequent reported wearing of white roses by the Yorkshire regiment, is now commemorated as Yorkshire Day, when white roses are worn and the Yorkshire flag is raised. This photo depicts celebrations in Micklegate, York in 2011.
With its distinct identity, the flag of Yorkshire is one of the most popular there is
With thanks to Ian Sumner, Flag Institute librarian, for additional research and images.
Useful Links
| Yorkshire |
What was the name of the barge that carried the Queen during the river pageant in June 2012 | The floral emblem of your county - Telegraph
The floral emblem of your county
12:01AM BST 05 May 2004
ENGLAND
Bedfordshire: Bee orchid (Ophrys apifera). Bee orchids like a bit of disturbance. In Bedfordshire, they occur in disused quarries, on roadsides, even waste ground in towns.
Berkshire: Summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum). They are known as Loddon lilies and grow beside the River Loddon.
Birmingham: Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). Found in parks and industrial wastelands of Birmingham's "endless village".
Bristol: Maltese-cross (Lychnis chalcedonica). Introduced to Britain in the 16th century it is known as the Flower of Bristol.
Buckinghamshire: Chiltern gentian (Gentianella germanica). Grows on the chalk downs of Buckinghamshire.
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Cambridgeshire: Pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vulgaris). The Pasqueflower has been a famous Cambridgeshire flower since its discovery on the Gog Magog hills by John Ray in 1660.
Cheshire: Cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis). This is a delicate flower of wet meadows and pond margins. Its country name is milkmaids.
Cornwall: Cornish heath (Erica vagans). The lilac blooms of Cornish heath add a unique Cornish ingredient to the beauty of the Lizard moors in late summer, the only part of Britain where this shrub is found.
Cumberland: Grass-of-Parnassus (Parnassia palustris). This is a well-proportioned flower of moist hollows.
Derbyshire: Jacob's ladder (Polemonium caeruleum). The brilliant blue flowers and delicate ladder-shaped leaves of the wild plant are frequent in the Peak District and Yorkshire Dales.
Devon: Primrose (Primula vulgaris). Primroses have a strong presence in Devon's high-banked country lanes.
Dorset: Dorset heath (Erica ciliaris). This crimson heather is a defining species of Dorset's special heaths and bogs.
County Durham: Spring gentian (Gentiana verna). Even if Upper Teesdale had no other plant, botanical pilgrims would flock there to see this one.
Essex: Poppy (Papaver rhoeas). Poppies still adorn cornfields in the county, though they are just as common on disturbed ground, especially on the chalk.
Gloucestershire: Wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus). The county's golden triangle around the villages of Newent and Dymock is famous for its wild daffodils or Lent lilies.
Hampshire: Dog-rose (Rosa canina). Hampshire is rich in hedgerow roses.
Herefordshire: Mistletoe (Viscum album). In Hereford, mistletoe grows on fruit trees, from which it can be harvested as a winter crop.
Hertfordshire: Pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vulgaris). Hertfordshire boasts one of the largest colonies, with up to 10,000 plants.
Huntingdonshire: Water-violet (Hottonia palustris). They survive summer drought but not permanent drainage.
Isles of Scilly: Thrift (Armeria maritima). The Isles of Scilly have many special flowers, but none makes more impact than the carpets of flowering thrift.
Isle of Wight: Pyramidal orchid (Anacamptis pyramidalis). It abounds on the undercliff and across the island's hog's-back of chalk in June.
Kent: Hop (Humulus lupulus). Wild hops are unobtrusive climbers in hedgerow and thickets.
Lancashire: Red rose (Rosa species). The Red Rose county since the Middle Ages when the House of Lancaster adopted it as a heraldic badge.
Leeds: Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). They are a symbol of the open air of the hills, especially around Bradford and Leeds.
Leicestershire: Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). The foxglove helps to define Leicestershire's uplands, the woods and bracken swards of Charnwood Forest. Scarce in the agricultural east of the county.
Lincolnshire: Common dog-violet (Viola riviniana). Lincolnshire chose the violet, which carpets the great limewoods of Bardney Forest near Lincoln.
Liverpool: Sea-holly (Eryngium maritimum). Its powder blue flowers emerge in July, protected by prickly, wax-covered leaves.
London: Rosebay willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium). It mingles with buddleias and Michaelmas daisies on railway banks, walls and waste ground.
Manchester: Common cotton-grass (Eriophorum angustifolium). They are an emblem of their boggy habitat and the wide open spaces.
Middlesex: Wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa). When the suburbs of London swept over the old county of Middlesex, some of its woods were bypassed and preserved.
Newcastle upon Tyne: Monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus). From midsummer, the banks and shingles of the Tyne are bright with the yellow and red-spotted "monkey faces" of this non-native flower.
Norfolk: Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum). This striking coastal plant is spreading inland in Norfolk.
Northamptonshire: Cowslip (Primula veris). Cowslips are still frequent on road verges, quarries and railway banks.
Northumberland: Bloody crane's-bill (Geranium sanguineum). The vivid magenta flowers of bloody crane's-bill adorn coastal cliffs and dunes and spread inland on the rocks of the Whin Sill.
Nottingham: Nottingham catchfly (Silene nutans). There are, alas, no longer Nottingham catchflies in Nottingham.
Nottinghamshire: Autumn crocus (Crocus nudiflorus). Probably an escape from monastery gardens, they found a home in meadows "shut-up" from grazing in autumn.
Oxfordshire: Fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris). Some of the best-known fritillary fields are in Oxfordshire, along the flood-meadows of the Thames.
Rutland: Clustered bellflower (Campanula glomerata). In Rutland, the familiar flowers of the southern limestone are scarce.
Sheffield: Wood crane's-bill (Geranium sylvaticum). A much-loved flower of old hay-meadows and damp, open woods near Sheffield, with its distinctive flowers the colour of runny ink.
Shropshire: Round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia). This crimson-leaved carnivore, with glues and acids to trap and devour careless insects. Sundew is a bog plant.
Somerset: Cheddar pink (Dianthus gratianopolitanus). It grows in several places in the Mendip Hills but nowhere more profusely than the original site at Cheddar Gorge.
Staffordshire: Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Staffordshire is proud of its heather moors, blooming purple beyond the potteries and manufacturing towns.
Suffolk: Oxlip (Primula elatior). The signature flower of well-established woods on the East Anglian boulder clay.
Surrey: Cowslip (Primula veris). In Surrey, cowslips grow in contrasting places - dry chalk downs and damp meadows.
Sussex: Round-headed rampion (Phyteuma orbiculare). Known as the Pride of Sussex, the "sharp-blue" flowers are more common on the South Downs than anywhere else.
Warwickshire: Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum). Honeysuckle is Shakespeare's "woodbine".
Westmoreland: Alpine forget-me-not (Myosotis alpestris). The blue flowers of this prettiest of forget-me-nots are confined in England to a few limestone hill-tops in the North Pennines.
Wiltshire: Burnt orchid (Orchis ustulata). This dwarf orchid belongs to the chalky core of Wiltshire.
Worcestershire: Cowslip (Primula veris). In parts of the county there are still small cowslip meadows hidden behind tall hedges. There they are called "cowslups".
Yorkshire: Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia). Their papery beauty belies their extraordinary toughness.
Isle of Man: Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica). On the island this exotic plant grows unusually tall.
SCOTLAND
Aberdeenshire: Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). This red-berried trailing shrub is widespread at wonderful places like Muir of Dinnet.
Angus/Forfarshire: Alpine catchfly (Lychnis alpina). A single, remote hilltop boasts almost the whole British population of this pink alpine.
Argyllshire: Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). On roadside banks in the mild, humid climate, foxgloves look bigger and redder than further south.
Ayrshire: Green-winged orchid (Orchis morio). This declining flower of natural meadows reaches its northern limit.
Banffshire: Dark-red helleborine (Epipactis atrorubens). This rare and beautiful wild orchid is a special plant of old Banff.
Berwickshire: Rock-rose (Helianthemum nummularium). Berwickshire's 'sunflowers' form spectacular golden banks on some coastal cliffs in early summer.
Buteshire: Thrift (Armeria maritima). At its brightest and best on the rocky headlands and islands of the West Coast.
Caithness: Scots primrose (Primula scotica). Scots primrose grows on coastal promontories on the north coast.
Clackmannanshire: Opposite-leaved golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium). It is characteristic of the shaded, wooded glens.
Cromartyshire: Spring cinquefoil (Potentilla tabernaemontani). This pretty trailing flower reaches its northern limit on the sea-cliffs of the Black Isle of Cromarty.
Dumfriesshire: Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia). The true bluebell of Scotland.
Dunbartonshire: Lesser water-plantain (Baldellia ranunculoides). This pink-flowered aquatic brightens a few bays and shores of Loch Lomond.
East Lothian and Haddingtonshire: Viper's-bugloss (Echium vulgare). A plant of dry banks and dunes.
Edinburgh: Sticky catchfly (Lychnis viscaria). It has grown on rocks in Holyrood Park for at least 400 years.
Fife: Coralroot orchid (Corallorrhiza trifida). This grows in some strange places with the help of fungi in its coral-like roots.
Glasgow: Broom (Cytisus scoparius). The vanilla-scented flowers of broom brighten many braes and railway lines.
Inverness-shire: Twinflower (Linnaea borealis). It is a shy species that creeps over the shady floor of mossy pinewoods.
Kinross-shire: Holy-grass (Hierochloe odorata). This delicate, scented grass grows on the banks of Loch Leven.
Kirkcudbrightshire: Bog-rosemary (Andromeda polifolia). A particular feature of the much-reduced bogs and flowers of Galloway.
Lanarkshire: Dune helleborine (Epipactis leptochila). County's coal 'bings', are home to two exotic orchids: the narrow-lipped or dune helleborine and Young's helleborine.
Morayshire: One-flowered wintergreen (Moneses uniflora). This plant needs mossy hollows in undisturbed pinewoods.
Nairnshire: Chickweed wintergreen (Trientalis europaea). Not a true wintergreen but surprisingly, a relative of the primrose.
Peebles-shire: Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus). A miniature bramble of high places.
Perthshire: Alpine gentian (Gentiana nivalis). This sweet 'gentian of the snows' is among the gems of Ben Lawers.
Renfrewshire: Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata). A flower of dark, moorland waters, the bogbean's feathery flowers are somewhat like an azalea.
Ross-shire: Bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum). The golden spires of bog asphodel light-up the dark, peaty places after midsummer.
Roxburghshire: Maiden pink (Dianthus deltoides). A stronghold for this pretty, blush-pink flower of dry, stony pasture.
Selkirkshire: Mountain pansy (Viola lutea). Largest of the native pansies, a flower of upland pastures, sheep and trout becks.
Shetland: Shetland mouse-ear (Cerastium nigrescens). Our northernmost flower, entirely confined to the island of Unst.
Stirlingshire: Scottish dock (Rumex aquaticus). In wet woodland glades and by watercourses.
Sutherland: Grass-of-Parnassus (Parnassia palustris). This declining flower of wet flushes and hollows is still fairly common.
West Lothian and Linlithgowshire: Common spotted-orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii). The lilac spikes and spotted leaves of this one enliven many wild places in West Lothian.
Western Isles: Hebridean spotted-orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii subspecies hebridensis). Believed to be a low-growing form of the much more widespread common spotted-orchid.
Wigtownshire: Yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus). It is known locally as 'segg' or 'sword-grass', a reference to the equally remarkable blade-like leaves.
WALES
Anglesey: Spotted rock-rose (Tuberaria guttata). Its distinct crimson-spotted flowers are matched by red-flushed leaves.
Brecknockshire: Cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis). The delicate lilac flowers appear in the meadows of Brecknock when the cuckoo returns in mid-April.
Caernarvonshire: Snowdon lily (Lloydia serotina). Unlike most alpines, it blooms alone, and often out of reach, in rock crevices.
Cardiff: Wild leek (Allium ampeloprasum). Used to identify Welsh soldiers in battle against the English.
Cardiganshire: Bog rosemary (Andromeda polifolia). A speciality of mid-west Wales, with delicate pink bells and rosemary-like foliage.
Carmarthenshire: Whorled caraway (Carum verticillatum). Its frothy blossom symbolises the battle between conservation and intensive agriculture.
Denbighshire: Limestone woundwort (Stachys alpina). Denbigh's plants grow among rocks by a roadside.
Flintshire: Bell Heather (Erica cinerea). Bell heather announces the brief blaze of colour on the moors at the end of summer.
Glamorgan: Yellow Whitlow-grass (Draba aizoides). Confined to cliffs and old walls on the Gower, this tiny cress flowers long before the tourists arrive.
Merioneth/Merionnydd: Welsh poppy (Meconopsis cambrica). The Welsh poppy is a true native of rocky gullies and stream sides in Merioneth.
Monmouthshire: Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). The foxglove is a common wayside flower in Gwent.
Montgomeryshire: Spiked speedwell (Veronica spicata). The deep-blue spikes of this rock plant are one of the celebrated rarities of Craig Breidden.
Pembrokeshire: Thrift (Armeria maritima). Thrift brightens up coastline of headlands, rock arches and bays in May.
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Spelter is another name for which metal | spelter - definition and meaning
spelter
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
n. Zinc, especially in the form of ingots, slabs, or plates.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
n. Zinc, often in blocks or ingot form.
n. Zinc alloyed with another metal (especially copper), used as a solder.
n. An objet d'art made from zinc.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
n. Zinc; -- especially so called in commerce and arts.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
To solder with spelter solder, or hard solder.
n. Zinc: now used only in commerce.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
n. impure zinc containing about three percent lead and other impurities (especially in the form of ingots)
Etymologies
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
Probably of Dutch or Low German origin.
Examples
The major part of the zinc concentrates necessary for the making of spelter is mined in Australia, and these mines, before the war, were owned by a wonderful combination of German metal companies through direct ownership or under long contracts, and 80% of all the zinc concentrates went directly to Germany while Britain got 3%.
| Zinc |
What does the Latin phrase cum laude mean | AntiqueBookends.us | Bookends 101
Makers: Bronze-clad
Bookends 101
Bookends have a long and varied history. Most collectible vintage or antique bookends fall into one of four categories: iron, spelter, solid bronze, and bronze-clad — other pairs were produced in alabaster, marble, onyx, gypsum, glass, pottery, and hardwood. Rounding out the historical record are one very famous “Bookends” produced in vinyl, if you count the album & title track released by Simon & Garfunkel in 1968.
Skip ahead to Bookends 102
Iron
Cast iron are among the easiest to identify; an ordinary ’fridge magnet sticks to them. Often sand cast, they may have a bronze “wash” or other plating, but if a magnet sticks they contain ferrous material, and are therefore generally considered to be iron (except for the occasional steel railroad-rail cutoff).
Buy this exact pair now -› 21001247
Spelter
Spelter generally means an alloy of zinc and lead, and is often referred to as gray metal, white metal, pot metal, and others. Because this alloy has a much lower melting temperature than bronze, it was commonly used to make less expensive products (not just bookends, but all sorts of household items). Spelter bookends from the Art Deco era were most often made by permanent mold slush casting (which means they are hollow). Spelter is still used today to make cheaper cast metal products.
Solid Bronze
Bronze is a metal alloy consisting mostly of copper, usually with tin as the main additive (another copper alloy, brass, is copper alloyed with zinc). Other elements are also sometimes used in bronze alloys — be it phosphorus, manganese, aluminium, or silicon — hence the many different “bronzes” that exist. Much less brittle than iron, bronze melts at a relatively high temperature.
Bronze-clad
We think “bronze-clad” is by far the best label for this type of bookend, but folks also refer to them as “plaster-filled bronze”, “electroformed bronze”, “weighted bronze”, “bronze coated”, “armor bronze” and “galvano bronze” (lowercase a-or-g, to differentiate from the companies with the same name). The most complex manufacturing process of the various types of antique bookends, bronze-clad bookends begin as a plaster casting. Various companies had somewhat different methods and patents, but, generally, this initial plaster casting was coated with a material to make it more electrically conductive — and there was an electrode-wire within before the plaster was cast (the end of which is often still visible within a dimple on the bottom). Similar to electroplating, this plaster-cast form was then suspended in the fluid of a plating tank. Electrical current was passed through the electrode and the plating bath, and a bronze “skin” formed around the plaster core. Electroformed differs from electroplated in that the skin is much thicker, on average perhaps several-to-a-dozen times the thickness of heavyweight aluminum foil. Unlike modern industrial-part electroforming where the form (or mandrel) is then removed, these bookends still have their plaster core. They are essentially a plaster sculpture encapsulated in bronze.
Notable to this process was the time and skill involved — the time spent in the electroforming bath could be several days, with significant levels of electrical current needed to achieve the bronze skin. Very popular in the bookends’ world from about 1905 to 1935, only a single manufacturer survived beyond WWII. The vast majority of bronze-clad bookends were made in the Art Deco 1920s.
A great many figural designs exist: animals birds nature and marine life, men women couples and children, Arabian Asian Egyptian and Native Americans, architectural themes, canines felines dogs and cats, mythological characters, notable presidents, patriotic military ships nautical and maritime, literary greats, and much more.
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What is the Scottish word for a rough cottage or a hut where farm workers lived | Bothies - definition of bothies by The Free Dictionary
Bothies - definition of bothies by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bothies
Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia .
both·y
n. pl. both·ies Scots
A hut or small cottage.
[Ultimately from Old Irish both, hut; see bheuə- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
bothy
1. a cottage or hut
2. (esp in NE Scotland) a farmworker's summer quarters
3. a mountain shelter
[C18: perhaps related to booth]
Translations
bothy
n (Scot) → Schutzhütte f
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References in periodicals archive ?
For years, Iona has made the seasonal journey moving horses from one farm to the other, which takes three days' riding, and has stopped off to sleep in bothies along the way.
Mountain shelter hit by vandals; POLICE IN PROBE AFTER WINDOWS SMASHED AND FURNITURE WRECKED
Our schedule doesn't allow for us to linger long enough to bear witness, but we have little doubt that the President will be speaking of the great achievement of the region: how it has re-interpreted the old and established traditional values in a contemporary way--just as our bothies have illustrated to us.
| Bothy |
What is meant in Australia by a Gulag | Scottish Vernacular Dictionary
Scottish Vernacular Dictionary
Scottish local dictionary - Scotland's local words are wonderful. The reach heights and plumb depths. They are rarely less than descriptive.
A
I dont know
ABC Minors
Saturday mornin' movies for weans at ABC cinemas. Show consisted of a shite children's film, usually wi Hayley Mills in it, some cartoons, an a crap serial like "Attack o' the unconvincing robots".
Ye went tae fling sooked jooblies at the screen an generally run aboot tae see if the man wid pit ye oot.
If ye goat pit oot yer pals wid let ye back in through the fire exit.
Act it
Deliberately behaving in an obtuse manner. Trying it on.
'Twelve pints isnae enuff tae get ye pished so dinnae act it.'
Aff
Come oan, get aff! Ye aff yer heid?
Aff
Off or from, depending on usage.
ExamplesYer aff yer heid - You're madAh goat it aff the broo - I got it from those nice people at the Employment Exchange
ah'ament
The Gaelic name for Scotland
Alba Gu Brath
to pech i.e. breathe noisily
Amur
"Am gaun to ra shoaps" (I'm going to the shops)
"No yur no" (No you're not)
"Amur so" (I am too)
Amurny
"I am not". Used for denial of any allegation directed at oneself.
e.g. "You're pished!" would provoke the response "naw amurny!"
Used commonly in the Lower Reaches of the Clyde, possibly other areas
An then yer arse fell aff.
A term used when someone is bullshitting.
ane
As in "I Lo'e Na A Laddie But Ane
Arab
ExampleYer an arab. Bugger aff.
Supporter of Dundee United
Pejorative term for a homosexual
Atspish
That is not so good. Quite frankly, I'm dissappointed.
Auld
Old - Get aff yer erse ya auld weegie bampot
Auldjin
Anybody older than 40.
Away an bile yer heid
Get lost, shut up. Away an bile yer heid ya numpty,ye dinnae ken whit yer talkin aboot.
Awfy Peely-Wally
Sick, ill - "Ye're lookin' awfy peely-wally, son".
awroonrihooses
To go up and down to every house in the district....usually used when one is seeking another....ie. Wheryubeen?-Where have you been? Ah'vbeen- I have been awrronrihooseslookingfur ye - I looling every where for you....
Aye
Yes or always, depending on usageExamplesAye, ah'm coming oot - Yes, I'm coming outHe's aye gaun oot - He's always going out
Aye ma Auntie
Shortening of Aye Ma Aunt Fannie.
A refined version of awa tae fuck yer talkin pish.
Aye right
No, not likely (I don't believe it, or I won't actually do it)
B
Definition
Ba'-heid
noun: similar in meaning to Heid-the ba'. One with an over-inflated opinion of their own importance.
pronounced Baw Heed
may also be used adjectivally: Ba'heidit
Example: Heh! You! Ba'-heid! Yer mate's near as ba'-heidit as you r!
.
Back a (ten)
Phrase meaning meeting time (I'll meetcha the back a' ten) I will meet you at either 5 mins to 10, 10 o'clock or 5 mins after.
Back green
The common drying area (whether grassed or not) behind a tenement
Baffies
A bum freezer. A jacket or jersey that's too short
bairn
child
Bajin
A bad one.'See that Sean, thas a bajin, he's oanly chibbed tha' puur Mrs Wummin ferrer pension'Badness personified, as in Rank Bajin, the dastardly criminal genius against whom Lobey Dosser is pitted in the comic strips.
balloon
Noun: One with an exaggerated opinion of their own importance. Similar to heid-the-ba' and ba'-heid. Sometimes used more generally for a fool, but especially one who is an extremely confident fool.
Example: Ignore him, wi his big BMW an his swimmin pool. He's a big balloon.
Baltic
Freezing. Really, very bloody cold.
Bam
Aberdonian abusive term for non-educated delinquent.
Bampot
To describe someone that's mentally challenged
"check the nick a that banger over there"
can also be used when enquiring on how your pal got on with his new girlfriend.
"Did ye banger?"
Bar-L
A term for Glasgow's Barlinnie Prison otherwise known as the big hoose or the Riddrie Hilton.
Barkit
ADJ. Popular term in Dundee, indicating the general 'unwashedness' of a person viz; "Awa an hae a wash, yi barkit wee minker".
Barnie
A bit of bother, a scuffle.
Barras, the
Glasgow street market. From 'Barrows'
Barry
a hairsbreadth. He missed me by a baw hair
Baw juggler
Someone who is a total tit and goes out of their way to piss everyone off with dumb ass remarks; their friends don't even like them.
Bawbag
A useless personHaw, see you Vogts, yerr a bawbag ya choob
Bawherr
A tiny amount (literally a scrotal hair)
"Ah'm only a bawherr away fae pannin your stupit melt in ya gomeril"
Bawjaws
Sharp or citrus like taste
Beelin
A boil or very angry plook!
Beelin (2)
Boiling, angry."Ah never goat ma check fae the broo, ah'm fuckin beelin, so ah um"
Beezer
To Stay with"I beidit wit ma pal maw" "I stayed with my friend mother"
bellywasher
Pint of beer.
"it was decided to abandon the meeting of the education committee and adjourn to the Rubbadub for a few bellywashers"
belter
Something that is very good.....or someone who is not all there..
eg her tits are belters
or look of the state of that belter hes pished himself.
Belter, Belters
Something that is very good \"that\'s a pure fuckin belter by the way\"
can be used as a plural as well \"her tits are belters\"
ben
in or through as in:"huv ye seen ma glessies?!"aye thir ben the kitchen"
Berries
1) Great, brilliant - as in : "Thon wis the berries!"
2) Annual holiday in Blairgowrie - the berry picking season. Minkers from all over Scotland gather together to pick the berries and get pished a lot.
Berryhuckle
From Spoonerised rhyming slang..... Huckleberry (hound) = round
bertie-auld
rhyming slang for cold/cauld
Besom
Originally a broomstick, now means a cheeky hussy, loose woman, or hing oot. As in "Yi gallus wee besom, eh'll skelp yir erse!"
Bidie in
Partner in co-habiting unmarried relationship.
Bile
as in "awa an bile yer heid"
Bin howker
A person who 'howks' (takes) rubbish out of bins for further personal use. A term of abuse.
Bing
Heap of shale and other mining detritus, common feature at one time of the landscapes of West Fife, West Lothian and Lanarkshire. Who can say in their heart of hearts that they have not gasped at the magnificence of one of these industrial mountains, steaming slightly even in the pouring rain? Now sadly being landscaped, used as road-fill, turned into golf courses and otherwise diminished. A sad loss to Scotland's industrial landscape...... not.
Hollywood crooner who hung about with Bob Hope (see separate entry) and slid down golf clubs.
bint
Birl
Verb: to twirl or spin, particularly to the point of dizziness
Example: The wean wis birlin roon an roon oan the swivel chair, but she startit tae boak.
Ma heid's birlin wi aw this information fae this new Glossary
bits
boots or smart shoeseg. "a goat these bits af the back o a lorry"
Blether
Someone talking rubbish, in the listener's opinion.
Blootered
Noun1) On the West Coast - a Hun2)On the East Coast - A Dundee FC Supporter
Boaby
Penis... As in
Boak
To throw up, be sickSee Tony Blair, every time I see his coupon, ah wantae boak
Bob Hope
Useless, no good, smelly
Bogie
A never seen entity always hiding in dark places. Used to scare children.A type of scooter/cart made with a roller skate a plank of wood and an orange box mounted vertically at the front. It had a strap across the top for a handlebar.,
Bogie
Snot in yer nose,usually runny an nae very nice.
Bolt
"As in "Theres the pigs man Bolt"
boo tae a goose
describtion of a mild mannered person. ie:"aw him? naw
Bool
Example 'She talks wi a bool in her mooth' ie posh!
Or the game of grass bowls
Bothy
A wee shepherds hut or roughly built holiday cottage.
Bowfin
Adjective: Smelly, dirty like mingin with the emphasis on the smelly.
Ah wisht ah'd washed ma jumper efter ah wis sick oan it last week. It's pure bowfin noo, so it is..
Brammer
Excellence, usually associated with an individual.Haw, yerr takin me oot for a bevvy are ye. See you, yerr a brammer, by the way
brassic
I was caught with my breeks doon, I was fair affronted!
Breenge
To go, to sojourn. "Ah'm gonny breenge up the barras the morra, so am ur, tae get some new white sports soacks."
Brian Donlevy
(pint of) heavy (rhyming slang)
Broo
Buckfast - tonic wine drunk by neds
Buckled
Adj meaning drunk to the extent that one's legs don't function as they should.
Bufty
Derogatory name for a gay person (male only)
bufty
derotatory name for a gay person (male only)
bum, bum yer chat
Hummock or ruck in cloth or other soft material. "Oh look ma carpets aw bumfeled"
Bumpin yer gums
Talking too much Away an stoap bumpin yer gums ya bletherin auld skite.
Bunker
The work top in the kitchen usually next to the sink.
bunker
The work top in the kitchen usually next to the sink.
Bunnet (1)
A hat, particularly a flat cap as worn by industrial workers in grainy films aboot when Scotland hud industries that made stuff an' didny jist assemble things.
Bunnet (2)
The Glans, or head of the penis.
"Aw doactur, Ah've rubbed oven cleaner oan mah tadger instead o' KY jeely, an noo mah bunnet's giein' me pure Gyp. It's loupin', so it is!"
Burglar's dug
Dug usually seen in company of Neds. Choose from a variety of wean eatin monsters and nippy wee bastarts:
notably,
broon an black Bull Terriers (pick a breed, thir aw the same)
Thae hideously ugly white an pink wans wi the pointy noses
Jack Russels (sorry tae youse wans thit huv thum but here thir Ned's dugs)
Rotweillers
Big Doberman lookin things wi broon herr that look like some specialist breed an OBVIOUSLY came fae stolen puppies.
Burroo
Unemployment Exchange
Buster
Mibee this wis jist local tae Perth. In the middle forties, Watson's Fish & Chips sold a buster. It wis a wee poke ow chips we peas ahnd cost a thripny bit. Gie's a buster afore ah bust yerr
Bytheway
The sole surname in use in Glesga."Ma name's Jimmy Bytheway."
C
Ah cannae git the matches tae light!
Ye cannae come in here wi'oot a tie, pal
Canny
A game bird, looks kinna like a humungous grouse ur partridge!
Also the name o a Scottish band....
caramel
toilet (rhyming slang "caramel log")
"Ah'm away tae the caramel fur a Gladys"
Cargo
Carry out of alcoholic drinks Get me a cargo furr a swally the night</>
Catch a canter
Hanging onto the back of a horse drawn waggon or dray without the drayman seeing you.
Cauld
ColdIt wiz caulder than a witches tit
chanty wrassler
To mash as in 'chappit tatties n neeps ur traditionally served wi haggis'
Or
Chap - to knock as in 'someone is chappin at the door'
Chav
"awe aye that lassies got bloody huge chebs"
Chib
Noun: A non-projectile weapon. May be blunt or sharp, can include razors, lead pipes, bits of wood with nails hammered in, Stanley knives, etc... . Possibly the main feature that these will have in common is that a chib is something which has been adopted for use as a weapon, possibly with ingenious modifications, rather than something originally designed for that purpose. So a survivalist knife with a 10-inch blade wi the wee jaggy bits (What ur they fur anyway?) is probably not a chib.
A crossbow or catapult is similarly not a chib. A Star Trek phaser is not a chib.
Probably connected to the word shiv.
Prounced Tchib
A chibbing is an attack from such an implement.
Verb: To employ a chib - usually against another human being, but often against a ned. One who has been subjected to attack with a chib is said to have been chibbed.
Examples: Hey, did ye see that pigeon chibbin that seagull wi the Irn Bru boattle?
Ah'm no sayin it's a rough pub, but if the chucker-oot frisks ye an disnae fun a chib, he gies ye wan!
chillax
a combonation between chill and relax
china
pal...close friend. I come from Glasgow and know this word well but have never seen it in any dictionary.
Choob
Tube. Stupid Person. Idiot.
"Yer such a choob, of course yer tadger wid get inflamed is ye rubbed it hard wi nettles"
Chookter
to steal. "It wis choried", "gaun oot on the chore"
chuckter
pronounced: chookter (or there abouts)means a yokel or non-townser
Chuffed
Pleased (usually with oneself)See Dischuffed
Chunty
The toilet or a potty
Chuter
Country local, farm person similar to N.Irish Cultchy
civer/siver
A drain in the road into which chukie stanes, wee lone star models and other objects go, never to be seen again.
Clabbydoo
Rarely come by seafood delicacy, apparently you can still buy them at the Barras, a large horse mussel.
Clam up
Shut yer trap / be quiet / shut yer puss
"Aw gonnae clam up, Jimmy, yer gien' us a sore heid."
clap
mister can i clap yer dog? (as you know pat yer dog) but in england they think you are crazy!
Clatty
Adj-- meaning dirty,unkempt as in-- He could dae wae a guid wash, that clatty auld bastart.
Claw baw
An insult..meaning somebody spends most of their time with their hands down their pants.
clipe
to tell or snitch on someone
Clishmaclaiver
VerbTo notice, or observe, as in:Eh clocked whit yir daein, yi bastirt
Clootie dumplin
A boiled pudding rich with dried fruits.
Close
Noun An alleyway, a passage at the rear of houses.
The passageway leading into a tenement building. May also be referred to on the east coast as a 'closie'.
Clout
Eh'll gie u a right clout, pal.
Cludgie
To inform on. A person who informs on others. A grass. A yopper
Coagie
A working-class resident of Dundee.
A supporter of Dundee F.C.
Coarn Doag
The ubiquitous Dundee steak - corned beef!
Coaxy
A piggy back"C'moan, Hen, I'll gie ye a wee collie-buckie."
Contermashious
Cow, but not as an insult.
coo
prenounceation of Cow in scotland.
Corbie
Rubbish dump"This bedrooms like a coup"
Coupin'
Hurting like hell.See efter Senga larrup'd ma tadger, it wisnae hauf coupin
Coupon
Face
Cow
The worst, the VERY WORST insult you can give a Scots woman is to call her a cow. All other sweary words pale into insignificance beside this most-powerful of derogatory terms.
"Please Miss Magrit-Anne said a bad word"
"What did she say Condoleeza?, you can spell it out if you don't want to swear."
"She said ah wis a fuckin C.O.W. Miss."
True story as telt tae CJ by his maw, only the names huv been chinged fur comedy purposes.
Cowp
Noun - rubbish dump."Clean your room up, it looks like a bloody cowp in here"Verb - spill, fall over, tip. "Did you cowp mah pint, ya bastard?"
Crabbit
Adj- meaning grumpy. As in--- 'See yon Fitty,she kin be a crabbit auld bitch at times."
Crabbit
'See her, she's a crabbit owd beezum'
Crakin
Goodness me! (much loved by the Broons)
Cromulent
Adjective: Sensible, well-known, respectable; appropriate.
Example: D'ye hink ye should huv went doon yersel tae cash in yer Lottery Ticket?
Naw, naw, Wee Fly Man McCreadie's a perfectly cromulent fella
We are indebted to Mr Og, a citizen of the Unites States of Apple-pie for this contribution
Cry
'They cry him "wee greetin bugger" when he disnae get 'is ain way.'
Cuddy
Noun: a horse; maybe also a donkey; probably even wee ponies.
Example:
Wean:Maw, Maw! Ah want a shot oan wan a they cuddies!
Maw:Them's no cuddies, son. Thon's a herd ah sheep. They can brek yer airm wi a single flap ah thur wings...
Cuddy lug
A smart clout around the ear."Any mair ay yer cheek an' ye'll get a cuddy lug, ye wee bugger!"
Cundy
Noun A drain or gutter. From the French 'conduit'.
Cunty Baws
Affectionate term often used when greeting ones friends.
'Awrite c*nty baws'
the ultimate scottish swear word.....
D
Day Do Dae ah huvv tae lamp yer coupon?"
Daftie
A harmless idiot Dinnae bother aboot him, he's jist a daftie
Dale
'Diving dale' = diving board at a swimming pool. Possibly from an old word for plank (of wood)
dancer
used in different ways...Ya dancer-term of glee or exultation..... Tap dancer- three stairs up in a tenement or top floor in a prison..(also called Fredastair or Freda
De'il
Satan The dei'l will get ye if ye tell lies!
Dead (2)
Adjective or Adverb: Very, extremely, superlatively.
For some reason always prounced Ded, never Deed.
Example:Oor Sadie hus went tae the Uni -she's dead clever so she is...
Deid
Deed. DeadSee you pal, yerr deid
derry
Wipe."Awa' an' dicht yer neb ye snottery bastard ye"
Diddie (also Diddy)
Twit, confused person, bit of a (see Bampot)
Also a breast.
ExampleSee thon: he's a right diddie so he is.
Didgie
Glasgow variant of 'midgie' (midden)
Didnae
Did not."It wisnae me miss, ah didnae stick his heid doon the cludge, honest."
Dighted
ADJ. Not having all the lights on, being eleven pence three farthings short of a shilling. A daftie. As in "Yon cunt's dighted".
Dinger, Go one's......
Verb: To Go yer dinger means to become extremely excited or angry about something, usually involving raised voices, possibly the throwing of everyday household objects, slammed doors and the like..
Example: When mah maw got hame an fun me in hur bed wi the postie an the lassie fae Gregg's the Bakers - she went her dinger
Pronunciation: Ding(like a bell).... er - never dinjer
NOTE: to the best knowledge of the writer, "Dinger" is never used in any other context, but always in conjunction with "To go"
Dingy
"dinnae dingy me ya wee boot"
"ah texted him but he just dingyed me"
Dingy
to ignore as in "dinnae dingy me ya wee boot"or "ah texted him but he just dingyed me"
Dinnae
Don't."Dinnae gie me a gammy then, ah didnae want wan anyhow"
Dischuffed
Not pleased. Usually about someone or something else.See Chuffed
Dobber
A tube, a bampot, a half-erect penis
dobber
To have unauthorised absence from schoolAs in " You wuz doggin today"
Dogs Baws
A penis as in "Sook mah dokey"
Dook
Meaning- to dip into as in Dookin a bit of rhubarb into a poke of sugar (see poke.)
Dookin fur chips
Similar to well skelped erse but usually related to men who drink loads and have red noses "he's been dooking fur chips"
Doolally
To appear visibly upset or mentally unhinged:Ah jist saw yir maw an she's goin' doolally!
Doon-the-Watter
Sentimental term to describe the phenomenon of tens of thousands of Glaswegians packing an armada of Caledonian Steam Packet Company pleasure boats, gettin totally shitfaced on the voyage (hence the expressions "Steamboats" and "Steamin" drunk), and wrecking Millport, Rothesay, and Dunoon.
Doss
In edinburgh this means rubbish, however in perth it means brilliant
double nugget
A wee drap o' the cratur.
Dreel
NounDrill, row, or furrow. Used a lot at the Berries (see entry) as in:"Haw, Jimmy, yir awa' thi wrang dreel!"
Dreep
v.To disembark oneself from a high place (wall, roof etc.), holding on, hands on edge, then letting go and landing feet first(hopefully) on ground.
n.A rather tall gangly miserable chap
Dreich
ADJ.Description of the usual Scottish weather viz:Damp, dreary, overcast, drizzling, threatening to pish doon, looks like it will stay like this for weeks.......
Droofin
Usually said by neds on a friday night
"awwh am droofin mahn"
Ah'll need tae get hame an dry aff,that rains got me drookit.
Druthy
Intense form of scunner
Dry Yer Eyes
Instruction to another to cease and desist from whining and complaining. Often unrelated to any real tears.. This is really a feckin cheeky thing to say, so make sure you are standing well away of the person to whom you say it...
Example: Aw did wee diddums turn oot tae be HIV-positive? Ach, dry yer eyes!
Dub
Puddle
Dubble Nuggit
An affluent gadgies slider (see slider). Ice cream between two thick wafers containing chocolate and rich fondant (not unlike that which is to be found in a Tunnocks Teacake). Similar to an Oyster.
Dubble Nuggit
An affluent gadgies slider (see slider). Ice cream between two thick wafers containing chocolate and rich fondant (not unlike that which is to be found in a Tunnocks Teacake). Similar to an Oyster.
Dubs
Dubs (in Aberdeen
Dug Hammer
Instrument fur killin dugs, sizes vary according to breed. Ah prefer a Stanley Claw Hammer masel. Wan size fits aw!
dump
a small bottle of beer
Dunderheid
At wis a helluva dunt ah goat when ah walked intae thon door.
Dunt, double
Noun: when weekly-paid employees receive 2 weeks' pay at once - for example at holiday time.
Example: She'll murder me.. that wis me wi a double dunt. An ah went tae the Boundary Bar an tanned it............. Ach well is that mah round again? Spud ! Can ah tap a ten-spot aff ye tae pay-day?
Dwam
DaydreamWizz ah in a wee dwam, or urr English goalies really shite?
E
idiot
Eat-the-Breid
noun: Mildly abusive term for one with a healthy appetite; also one who appears unduly enthusiastic
pronounced: Eet the breed
To keep lookout " Haw! heid-banger, keep edgy fur ma maw"
Eeejit
Means yes, used in dundee all the time
Eh i ken = Yes I know
Ell - Oh 2
"You keep the Ell-Oh while ah batter this cunt's melt in an knock his moby"
Ell-Oh
noun: Contraction of Leg-Opener
Any brand of very strong lager - But properly applied specifically to Carlsberg Special Brew or Tennent's Super Lager.
Example:Wanst she's goat a few ay they Ell-Ohs in hur, she goes pure aff her heid
Emma
Well-spoken (see booley mooth) young lady, as in "Emma Watsonian"
Errapolis
The constabulary is approaching.Usually followed by "Ah'm gettin the fuck ootae here"
Erse
BotheredGonnae get us a beer fae the fridge?" "Naw.. Ah cannae be ersed"
F
Where as in 'Farnhellrwe' Aberdonian
Fag
Fair Affronted
Embarrassed
I didn't have a ticket for the alligator when the man came round. I was fair affronted!
Fankle
Noun: Any complex tangle in string, or wool or cable.
Example: Ah wis gonny take the wean fishin, but the nylon's in a pure fankle an ah canny be arsed tae take it aw oot.
Fanny
The female pudenda. A stupid or clumsy person, EG "Watch wherr yer pointin yer submarine ya fanny, this is Skye"
Fanny batter
Excretion from a hot or expectant female. "A had tae wipe ma fanny batter on the curtains afore he'd shag me."
Fannybawz
A glasgow male who's demeanor displays an abnormal level of female characteristics
Haw fannybawz, stoap greetin aboot gettin dumped and get yer wine doon ye
Fannyboz
A male with testicles also displaying characteristics of having a fanny
fartin aboot
A Glasgow Celtic FC Supporter
Ferfochen
North East expression - Tired, exhausted. "Ach, av been in the gairden a' day, am fair ferfochen"
Fernent
Ferr
Quite or very - "Ah'm ferr puggled efter hoofin' a' the wey hame fae the toon"
Fair - Travelling attaction, with waltzers, chair-o-planes and umbrellas. Usually attended by large gangs of wee neds and sengas. A wonderful place, where after spending vast amounts of money trying to hurl a table-tennis ball into a goldfish bowl, one can "win" a dead goldfish in a plastic bag of blue water.
The traditional start of the summer holidays. Half of Glasgow jets of to the Costa Del Shite, the other half descends on Largs in the pishin' rain.
Ferry-louper
NounIncomer to the Scottish islands (Non-PC - a settler)
Fisty Cuffs
Fit's he deein-what's he doing. Used a lot in Aberdeen.
Fit Like
How are you as in "Fit like" "nae bad yerself"
Flange
The female genitalia ie, She had a flange like a bucket of worms !
Fleg
A fright, a start. (to get a fleg)
Foonered
Full. Stuffed. Can't eat another crumb.
Alternatively, in South Ayrshire, it means cold.
foonert
Noticed you had foonered as full up
Foosty
Alternative term for an earwig.
Fou
to be absolutlely worn out/ or possibly even drunk beyond walking
Fud
The female genitalia, herry pie.
Full Bhoona
All, as much as possible, maximum effortAh gie'd it the full bhoona, by the way
Furrit
Furry boots Toon
The affectionate name by which Aberdeen is known to the rest of Scotland.
From the way that Aberdonians phrase the question to outsider 'where are you from?'... which is in their inimitable accent pronounced something like 'Furryboots ur you fae?'
G
Definition
Gadgie
Noun An old tinker word meaning a person from a town. Nowadays tends to be used to describe persons from the Central Belt - having implications similar to 'schemie' with regard to dress sense, intellect and big dug ownership. Used a lot by neeps.
Gallus
ADJ. Bold, daring, rash, wild, unmanageable, impish, mischievous, cheeky. As in "Yi gallus wee besom, eh'll skelp yir erse!"
Gallusses
Braces fur haudin up yir troosers !!
Galoot
Yah big galoot ye, yuv let the aligator oot.
Gaun
Going - He's gaun doon the broo - He has gone down to see those nice people at the employment exchange
Gaun yersel
Lit. Go on yourself.
Proceed alone in a bold or audacious manner.
When Archie Gemmell passed the second Dutch defender half of Scotland leapt out of their armchairs shouting, "Gaun yersel wee man!"
Geggy
Your mouth. Originally a travelling side-show or playlet. Hence 'penny geggie' and thereafter 'shut yer geggie!' (be quiet!)
Wid ye shut yer geggy, it doesn't half spout a load of keech!
Gemmy
A wee hard man,a ned
geroot
ahm locked in the shitehoose an cannae geroot
Gettae
Paisley Gilmour Street is the penultimate station on many train routes from the Clyde coast.
Gies
Gies a kick of your ball Farquar
Gigot
pint (of beer) (from rhyming slang gigot joint)
"Breenge up the Hedley an get us a coupla gigots o' Brian Donlevy"
Ginger
A carbonated drink such as coke, pepsi etc.
Ginger (2)
A slate (rhyming slang from ginger beer)
Ginger (3)
Irn BruMostly used by Neds
Gingy
Ginger bootle - when ye used tae get 20p if you took Irn Bru bottles back to the shop or the van - takin the gingies tae the van (or shop)...Gingy merchant - a person who collected gingies and took then to the van (or shop)
Girn
To moan or to pull a face
Gladys
A Jobby (Rhyming slang from Gladys Knight)
Glaikit
ADJ. Stupid, foolish, thoughtless, vacant. As in "Awa, yi glaikit bastirt!" Often used of gadgies, minkers and schemies.
Glasgae one-step
A dance done when Blootered on Vino Collapso or Buckfast. Place one foot firmly on the floor and gyrate the other foot roond it, touching with the toes as if the water is hot. Eventually place other foot firmly on the floor and repeat - until you eventually get hame.
Glasgow kiss
Headbutt
Glass cheque
Noun- used to describe empty bottles returned to a shop/van to get the deposit back---Heh big Mary must be skint there she goes doon tae the van wae the glass cheque.
glaur
fifeism for muck e.gAh tripped ower an' got sleggered in glaur
Glesca Kiss
'Ooh, ah didnae see you lurkin err, you didnae hauf gie me a gliff'
Gob
Spit, deposit saliva or green ectoplasm
Mouth
"Shut yer gob or ah'll batter yerr coupon"
Gob Shite
Talking a load of rubbish
Gobble
Picturesque if indelicate Glasgow term for fellatio.
"Gonny gie's a gobble hen"
"Rub mah tits furst, ah'm no' a cow ye know!"
Gochle
To spit. A globule of saliva.
Gollach
fucked, no' workin'
Gormless
Without gorm, a clueless incompetent.See thae eejits up in the Parly, thurr gormless tae a man
Goupin'
Not very nice.As in 'This mince pie is goupin
goupin'
sare or hurtin'i.e. ma' fit wis goupin( different to the one you have
Gowk
Fool. My proud mother on birth of wee brother - "Hullo Auntie Jean, The bairn was born yesterday, April the 1st"
Elderly Auntie Jean - "Oh my goad yoov goat a gowk!"
Sounds of quiet sobbong from Ma
Gowpin
Not very nice.
"This mince pie is goupin an it's only ten days past the sell by. Dae ye want it furr yerr tea or will ah gie it tae the wean?"
Grand canyon
A generous and loose-fitting female sex-passage, resulting in an experience like "throwing a sausage up a close"
Green
An expanse of grass, sometimes behind the tenement where the clothes would be hung to dry.
Green Dug
An expanse of grass that has been turned over, so as to be renewed.
Greet(ing)
Cry(ing), moan(ing)Aye she's a right greetin bugger, they cry her moaning minnie
Greyfriars Bobby
Mouth. Similar to the Sassenach "gob", equally inexplicable."Shut yer gub ya bawheid"
Gubbed
Beaten, defeated, thrashed.Wizzit no a shame seein Ingerlund gettin gubbed by Brazil
Guddling
Messing about in the water, playing. e.g. if a child is playing in a muddy puddle or the bath with some toys with no real pupose to the game they are said to be guddling.
Also a technique for catching fish in burns using only your hands.
Guddling
Messing about in the water
Guiser
NounSomeone dressed up for door-to-door muggings. Usually carries a neep with a candle in it - hence the expression he's goat a heid like a guiser's neep...
Gutties
Noun Rubber soled sports shoes, plimsolls.
H
Ugly, usually femaleSee her, she's pure hackit, so she is
Haddie
A person/group of people who are hopeless at something.
eg - Football team played like a bunch of haddies
Hame
HomeExampleHame is wherr the hert is
Hampden
The score.Usually asked as a question (What\'s the Hampden?),rhyming slang and shortened from The Hampden Roar.Can mean either the result (of a game) or the situation.
Hanker
A snotter, bogie, especially of the large green variety.
"Aw don't greet hen, it's only a picture"
"Gie's a lenna yer hanky"
"AH canny"
"Thur a big hanker in it"
Hashet
Noun Large plate or bowl, of the sort used for making steak pehs and similar. From the French for 'plate', 'assiette'.
Haud
HoldHaud oan a meenit, or ah'll panel yerr coupon
Haud yer wheesht
VerbTo blether keech, at great length. As in:Shut yir puss, yi haverin bastirt.
Haw maws
testicles (rhyming slang)
"Ah know ye're fae a broken home, an ye've goat a drug habit, an ye're a victim o' society, an ye've got low self esteem. Noo pit the video doon an get oota mah hoose afore ah take this cleaver tae yer haw maws ya wee burglin' bastart"
Haws
Insuperably enjoyable or beautiful."Draught MacEwans is the haws"."White puddin suppers is the haws".
Hedley
Bar (rhyming from Hedley Lamarr in Mel Brooks' "Blazing Saddles")
Hee Haw
Nothing, zero, emptyExampleTony Blair kens hee haw aboot hee haw
Heid Bummer
Noun: The boss; the person in charge; the head honcho; top banana ; big dog ; chief ; el jefe ; the man ; High Heid Yin; top of the food chain etc etc etc.
Note - there are only ever Heid Bummers - there are never any subordinate bummers, or even just bummers. Only Heid Bummers. Come to think of it... picture the following conversation:
Caller: Hello, ah'd like tae speak tae the Top Banana.
Receptionist: Eh'm sorry but the Top Banana is in a meeting.. May eh put ye through to the Assistant Banana?
That just doesn't happen either.
Example: Wummin 1: hallo, Missis Mac , how's your wee Shagger gettin oan?
Mrs Mac: Oh rerr, at's him the Heid Bummer at the Parly noo...
Wummin 1: Aye, but ah hear the jannies at Bute Hoose ur gunnin fur him...
Heid-the-ba
The person in charge.
If you need a refund you must consult heid-the-ba, he is in charge. He is a bit of a numpty but who in management isnt?
Heidy
If you dont behave I will report you to the heidy.
Heifer
A gangly clumsy teenage lassie
Hen
Word to describe someone you affectionatly know (female only). (Aye, ok then hen)
Hen
word to describe someone you affectionatly know (female only). (Aye
Henerine
don't know?
Herry
Noun: A streetwise young lady, lacking in refinement, probably somewhere in her teenage years. Often possessed of a less-than-delicate voice, and rather unsubtle vocabulary. May be used to denote one who is over-eager to explore the possibilities of indiscriminate precocious sexual experimentation.
Sometimes spelled "hairy"
Example: Young Lady: Naw, ah'm no gettin inty nae threesome wi you an yer mate! Whit dae ye hink am ur? A wee herry? Wan at a time... wan at a time, Awright? Fuck's sake!.....
Herry Pie
The female genitalia, minge, fud.
Het
noun: the one most recently "tug" in a game of Tig, or Hide-and-Seek, "It" Tig! You're Het!
Hickey
A love biteHaw gonnae no dae hickeys oan ma tits, ma da'll see them
Hidie
To play hide and seek.
High Heid Yins
A term for upper management " Ah cannae dae nuthin aboot that hen,ye'll huv tae talk tae the high heid yins upstairs.
Hilda
vomit (rhyming slang from Hilda Gronk)
"Ah wis gonny go in furra Chic Murray last night but thir wis a big Hilda on the pavement ootside the kebab shoap. Pit me right aff so it did...So ah jist went fur a pizza.
hing aff us
Hing oot
(noun) Lady of easy virtue, a hoor.
(Verb) Of a gentleman, to engage in sexual congress........"Ah wid hing oot thon wee Wendy tae the Sanitary pull't me aff!"
Hingin
A young lady of the age of sexual consent but unfit for the purpose
Hingy
Under the weather. In the early stages of getting a cold or other illness. " He's no well...he's a bit hingy."
Hirple
Verb: To limp, walk with uneven gait.
Example:Ma feet's fuckin killin me wi these new shoes! Ah wis hirplin aboot the dancin aw night!
Hizer
Pronounced - high-zer.
A clothes pole (Arbroath)
translation, "Hey wee man gonnay get ra hizer tae keep ra sheets fae draggin onra grund"
Hoaching
covered by a mass of living things, infested. Ah was in the toon and it was hoaching wi celtic supporters
Hochle
To cough up phlegm, especially thick green mucus from the throat.
"Ah wis sittin oan the bus yesterday when ah sudenly noticed they'd done away wi the signs that used tae say "No Spitting".So ah thoat since it wisny forbidden ah wid hochle up a big greener an hing it oan the windae.The wummin in the windae seat started complainin like fuck. Ye'd huv thoat ah'd called HUR a cow or somethin'! Then the Driver pit me aff."
Hogbeast
An unattractive woman."Did ye see the burd wi Paul oan Seturday what a fuckin hogbeast, you could play a roond a golf oan er erse."
Hoorin'
Chasing women of easy virtue. "Are ye aff oot hoorin' it the nicht agin?"As an adjective in Fife. "Ah missed the hoorin' bus an' had tae walk hame"
hooter
NounThe act of sexual congress.
Howff
Public house, usually of the spit and sawdust variety.
Howfin
Smelly, Stinking"Man yer feet are howfin'"
Howlin
SmellyWho drapped that? It's howlin!!
Hoy
To throw, or to throw out/away
as in:
Are ye gonnae eat this parritch frae yisterda, or will a jist hoy et ?
Huckle
VerbTo make the acquaintance of the local constabulary viz:"Erwis a wee bit stushie in the closie last nicht an ah goat huckled."
Hudgie
Pronounced like budgie meaning a free lift hanging on for dear life at the rear of a vehicle(usually an ice cream van)whilst the driver was totally oblivious to your presence.
Humbaw
Another glasgow word for fellatio but is used as a witty retort....gies a humbaw,ya dobber.
Humdinger
Noun: That which is exceptional; worthy of note; but not necessarily in a good way... often used of people whose behaviour is at odds with reality, or of things which are significantly different from normal.
pronounced HUMM DING ER
Example: Huv ye met her Maw? She's pure mental. A real humdinger!.
Did ye read that Beewardrobe's latest? At's a real humdinger
Humph
Convex shape below ones shoulders.
Humphey Backit
A person with a humph, or hankering after one.
If I do any more lino laying I will get humphy-backit and no mistake.
Hun
A supporter of Glasgow Rangers football club
Hunners
A number generally more than 10.Ah've told you hunners ae times, dinnae pick yer nose wi yer fork
Hurl
Definition
Jacksey
Noun: also Jacksy, Jaxy (make up your own) - arse, specifically sphincter. Probably not just Scottish, also used in England.
Example: Ah decided no tae audition fur the New Bay City Rollers, cause fur wan, ah didny see how ah wid need a medical. Two, ah don't hink at wee baldy bugger wis a real doctor. Three, he seemed awfy interestit in mah jacksie.
Jag
an injection from the doctor
Jaggy
spikey object that is rough to the touch.
Jaggy Bunnet
Crown of thorns as worn by Jesus (© Billy Connolly) To be held in a head lock where the school bully rubs his knuckles across the top of your heid very hard
jaggy nettles
A jam sandwich
Jeg
Slang term used in reference to bottles of carbonated soft drinks, in particular Irn Bru. Fancy gittin iz a boattle a' jeg fae the tally man?"
Jeg
Slang term used in reference to bottles of carbonated soft drinks
Jelly
"How dae ye start a parade in Paisley?"
"Ye roll a Jelly up the street."
Jessy, Jessie
To act like a wimp/big girls blouse. Stoap acting like a big jessy or ah'll hit ye wi that hauf brick again
Jiggered
Anything from exhausted to being confounded Ah'm that jiggered ah could'nae get a stonner if a Senga wi big diddies wis tae gie me a gammy
Jilldee
Get a move on or hurry up
Jimmies
Pish, (rhyming slag from Jimmy Riddle or Jimmy Riss)
Jings
Well, well. ( used extensively by the Broons and oor Wullie, so it must be a wurd)
Jings
Jink
Dance about
The floor of the sauna was hot so I had to jink about to get to a seat.
Jobby
Ancient word now only used by Billy Connoly as a euphemism for shite.
Jobby jabber
Wurds used tae describe the act of shuvin yir dobber up sumdies bum.
Jook
Dodge (Mibbe 'Jook' is not correct spelling please feel free to sort oot!)
I saw Senga so I had to jook up a close, I stiil owe her for the fish suppers.
Jook (2)
Or "Juke"
The front of yer jumper or t-shirt.
"Tam goat caught shoapliftin in JJB Sports. He hud three hoodies an a perra adidas trackies up his jook"
Also used by the stupidly polite as a euphemism for arse. "See you, you can jist... jist... Stuff it up your jook!"
CJ swerrs he heard a wummin fae Cardonald shoutin' "Right up your jook" while singin alang wi "The Wild Rover".
Jookies
The "Duke o' Argylls". Rhyming slang for the piles.
Jotters
To be fired, dismissed, sent off.Ah gave him his jotters because he was a eejit</>
Jubbly (or Joobly)
Tetrahedral lump of orange coloured ice encased in waxed cardboard. Sooked by weans until white then used as a missile at the ABC minors on a Saturday morning.
Jube Jube
Know, understandExampleAh ken whit ah wid dae. (I know what I would do)
Ken (2)
Verb: to know, understand
Used by carrot-crunchers*, bumpkins** and a few teuchters*** who are insufficiently edumacated to realise that despite all best efforts to bring Scots kicking and screaming into the twentieth, never mind the twenty-first century, there are some usages that should be quitely euthanased.
Those living South of Shawlands in Glasgow
Anyone from East of Baillieston (in Glasgow)
Anyone from North of Springburn (yes, in Glasgow)
Kenspeckle
Familiar, well-known.
Kerfuffle
A commotion or fuss.There wiz a right kerfuffle when he wiz papped ootae the pichurs fur playin wi his tadger
Kerry oot
'Take away' usually food or drink.
Kettle-biler
NounA description applied to the men of Dundee. Due to high male unemployment, and the easy availability of women's jobs (cheaper labour) in the mills, many men stayed at home whilst the women worked. They would have the kettle boiled for the wife coming home for her tea - and sufficient of them did this for the name to have stuck!
Keys
noun: a call for truce, pax, used by children in games.
Must be accompanied by hands loosely clenched with both thumbs pointing up.
Example: At's no ferr! Ye canny tig me, cause ah hud ma keys oot!
killy-coad or killy-buckie
Definition
Laldy
To give it Laldy means to do anything with great gusto or to get laid in to someone big style whether physically or verbally.Ye shooda seen big Effie it the karaoke,she wiz geein it laldy aw night.
Left footer
A Catholic - old belief that Catholics used their left foot when digging with a spade, and Protestants, their right.
Lerra
Leather, As in "Ah jist looked so cool in mah latex shirt an mah lerra thong."
Liftit
Arrested."Ah goat liftit fur wavin mah tadger at the polis"
Lilian
Pish (Rhyming slang, from Lilian Gish)
Lobey
Lobby - common entry-way to Glasgow tenement, often not locked. One of Glasgow's famous fictional sons, Lobey Dosser, gets his name from the use of these for shelter by the homeless.See Bajin for info on Mr Dosser's arch-enemy
Loon
Noun: boy, as in young male person.
Loupin
A person who is crazy
Madbit
Female who regularly indulges in acts of infidelity without inhibitions.
maddy
noun:1 A sudden fit of rage or fury - may involve physical harm to bystanders;
One prone to such seizures of anger.;
2 A sudden compulsion to furious activity.
Verb: to take a maddy - to fall into the grip of an atack of rage OR to become seized by a compulsion to furious activity.
Example : When mah maw came hame an fun oot ah hudny washed the dishes, she took a pure maddy an smashed aw the teacups.
Ah wis that fed up wi that anaglypta, ah took a maddy and stripped aw the wa's.
malet
as in he cant get a hat tae fit his malet
Malinky
thinWest coast children's song "skinny malinky longlegs, big banana feet, went tae the piktures and fell throo the seat"
Malki
Beat Up, Kick The Shit Out OfSet Phasers Tae Malki
Mangle
Mechanical device for winging excess watter oot o' the washin', common in homes prior to the advent of spin cycles in modern washing machines.
Manky
"Away ye go an wash ya manky bastart"
Mars Bar
Scar, usually found on the facial features. Franko got chibbed by the Tongs and noo has a big mars bar across his face
Maw
Mother eg Maw Broon, the most famous of them all.
Maw
The waste disposal area or bin.
"When ah catch ye ah'm gony stick mah truncheon up yer arse!"
COOEE, am hiding in the midden!!
Bit of a dirty wee person
See her, shes nuthin but a wee midden!
Midge Man
The chap that emptied the bins.
Better get the aligator droppings put out, the midge man is due.
Midgie
Terrifying, tiny, blood-sucking, wee bastard of an insect that chews lumps out of folk, mostly on the West coast
Midgie
Midden, slag heap, Cumbernauld
Midgie raker
Noun A manky, mingin, barkit, bastirt gadgie. Believed to derive from their delightful habit of browsing through refuse collection centres for items to eat, wear, or engage in sexual congress with. Often confused with Weegie.
Mince
His heid's full ae mince.
That telly program wiz pure mince,byraway.
Mind
Mind and dont come back without some food for the Aligator
Minge
not anyExample "How many are going out?""Neane are goin' out"
Neb
Nose, beak, pointy end. As in "Keep thon cruise missile shiny lads. Wan wee speck o' dust oan its neb an it'll mebbe miss its target completely an hit a hoaspital or somethin'"
Ned
Non-Educated Delinquent (acronym - so now yese know)
Irritating wanker in a shell suit or Gap hoody. Often accompanied by a burglar's dug. A "Slack Jawed Cunt"
Neebs
Another Fife expression, meaning neighbour or friend.
Neep
Noun Tumshie or turnip. Also used to define persons of a rural persuasion, generally by a gadgie...
Nice, The
Means roughly "how cute!", or "isn't that endearing and charming?"
Used usually in conjunction with "Uch!...", or " Aww..."
Example: "Uch, the nice!......" or "Awwwwww, the nice....!"
Nippin
Away you go and stop nippin my heid.
noggin
as in a fight you
nood book
Soft-core gentlemans magazine. Often found torn up under hedges.
Nookie Badge
Yer only werrin that high collar tae hide yer nookie badges ya durty cow!
Nooks and Crannies
Small places that cannot be reached easily!
Nugget
Similar to daftie, an idiot or one of unsound mind.
"e.g. Whit ye talkin boot ya nugget...."
numptie
Oan
On
Any more of you cheek and I will stickone oan ye, get out of my way so I can get the aligator back where it belongs.
oan tour
a young team on tour in another area eg: young shawz on tour 2004
Oobit
a dirty, dishevelled child ....in fact so dirty and dishevelled as to be beyond words.
Ooss
Noun: may be spelled oose?
Ye know if you look under a bed, you see that (if you live in a normal home and not, say a Clean Room in a microchip wafer processing plant) the dust has all clumped together in big gangs, and formed like dust-and-fluff-monsters?
That's Ooss - pronounced, ermm oooosss...
Also any sort of fluff or lint - particularly from a woolen jumper.
Also loose packed detritus foud in the navel. Belly button fluff.
Oxter
Definition
Pan
To break or disfigure "You keep edgy fur the polis, while ah pan the windaes in!"or" Your gettin yir face panned in"
Pap
To put something on something else.
If you dont shut up I will pap this tin of turpentine over your heidBreast, usually applied in pairs.See that wee burd? She's goat some set a paps oan her
Parton
Crab (Fife)'whit are you lookin' at, ye wee parton-face?'
Pass remarkable
Have too much to say about something or someone
paukit
inadequately small...as in 'yon mannies hoose wis paukit!...smlr to pokey
Peched
Breathe noisily, when out of breath.
Pee-the-Bed
Unwell, extremely pale and tired - usually referred to children when unwell
Peely-Wally
Meaning- pale,wan,peeky. "Yer awfy peely-wally lookin the day wis the tally man roon at your hoose?"
Peep
Very low flame for cooking
Peevers
children's game of Hopscotch
Peh
A Dundee term fur a pie, usually ae ra mutton variety, usually drippin' wae grease an therfur ideal fur pappin' at fowk at fitba' matches.
Pelter
Panic. "She's in a richt pelter the day, the tally man's due."
Peltin
"Were you peltin at the weekend there?"
pettit
A 'pettit' lip - this is the Scots pronunciation of 'petted' i.e. a petted lip
Pettit lip
Probably bastardised from "pout".
To extend the lower lip excessively implying discontent, or when sulking. A technique most commonly adopted by children.
Pit away that pettit lip afore ah gie ye a skelp oan the erse!
Pie eater
Person of stinted intellect or low social expectation.
First use attributed to staff in the carpet franchise in the Grandfare at the corner of Argyle Street and Oswald Street (now demolished) in the late 1970's.
It was used to describe clients who came in with pies in their hands and started feeling the £2000+ chinese rugs with fingers running with mutton fat.The expression spread through the carpet trade and soon to other sections of non-food retail, finally becoming universal in the 1980's.
Piece
a bag containing your piece(s)
Pish
(verb)To urinate
(noun) Urine, as in "Ah never made it tae the pisher in time an noo mah kegs is aw pish"
(descriptive) Boggin' crap, shitey, something of little value Eg "Thon Budweiser is pure Pish so it is"
Pished
Drunk, intoxicatedExampleThe Eejit wiz blootered ootae his coupon (The idiot was drunk out of his face)
Pishflaps
<1>Vaginal lips- Ma pishflaps were awfa itchy the other day when a had a shave<1>
Pit
1. Verb: To put or pap as in -Pit yon ower yonder.2.Noun: Bed or scratcher as in -Eh'm awa tae meh pit.
Plamph
(N) One who takes part in the, odd, practice of wearing someone elses undergarments ,on their head, and giving the gusset a damn good sniff.
PLEASE CHANGE THIS ENTRY!
MISTAKE
Pletty
Peculiarly Dundee word for the open air landing running along the back of a tenement from the stairwell. Ideal for al fresco congregating, overlooking the back green and commenting on the state of the neighbours' washing.
Plook
'He's goat a face fu o plooks'...
Plooter
Play with, fiddle with."Ah telt thay weans tae stoap plooterin in the mud"
Plottie
An allotment (for growing vegetables)
plug
Term used by 'old folk' passed 30 meaning to miss school or "Dog it" as younguns like to say.
Pockle
He was at the pockle with the books.
He had a wee pockle at the cards.
Poke
Meaning 1.To prod or point.-Dinnae poke yer finger at me pal.
2.A short version of pokey-hat(ice cream cone)
3.A loose woman.- She's a right poke that yin.
4.The sexual act- Ah'd love tae poke that big blonde yin so a wid.
poke
paper bag
Pokey Hat
An old fashioned name for an ice cream cone."If ye don't shut yer greetin face ye'll no get a pokey hat when the van comes."
POLLIS
Very thin or skinny.He wis nothing but a wee rickle a bones
Rift
A belch, or burpAh rifted a cracker an' woke up the dug
Ring
the anus, arsehole. As in, "ah ett three kebabs last night na noo mah ring's pure loupin'.
Also ringpiece.
Stupid person, often abbreviated as in "Aye he's a warm wan right enough"
Romper suit
Thermals, long johns, baby grow
Rowie
A form of morning roll made with butter, salt and lard. Favoured by neeps everywhere. Also known as a 'butterie' in the Aberdeen area.
Rummel
I am gonny rummle those bast*rds, they are nippin ma heid.
Rummell
To wash an item of clothing by hand
Sassenach
ExampleYon sassenach has a coupon like a tumshie
Scaffie
Street sweeper (probably now called a tarmacadam executive or something). From the word Scavenger.
Scaffy
Cheap and tacky
Schemie
Noun A person who inhabits a large housing scheme in the Central Belt. Identifiable by lack of intellect, dress sense and money. Always wears trackie bottoms, an Old Firm top, back to front baseball cap and is usually being dragged around by large doag. AKA Gadgie, minker, midgie raker.
Scooby
noun: inkling, clueRhyming slang from "Scooby Doo"= "Clue"
Example: Naw ah don't know wherr yer purse is. Huvny a scooby
Scooper
A person who drives around aimlessly trying to impress young girls and listens to dance music.Playing the music loud enough so that people look at them.(Inverurie Phrase)
Scorrie
Herring gull, one of the big bastard eens. (Caithness)
Scramble
After a wedding on the West of Scotland, the happy couple would throw money (small change) out of the departing wedding car. The kids aw got doon furr a scramble to pick up as much money as they could.
Scran & Scoop
Scran means food, used alot in and around fife.
<1>Scoop is drink, or going for a drink. i.e going for some scoop, from falkirk.<1>
Scratcher
Bed (also may be described as 'pit'). Derived from the days when bedlice were common and constant sleeping companions.
screwtap
Scud
(1) Verb: to strike a glancing blow, similar to skite and indeed skelp.
During Gulf War I, the Iraqi military deployed SCUD missiles, which always sounded much less deadly to most Glaswegians.
(2)Noun:Scud, in the... unclothed, naked, nude
Also : scuddy and bare(berr) scud.
Example: (1) The big polis scudded me wan oan the chin
(2) When hur man came in the door, Big Tam went oot the windae an ran doon the street in the scud
Scudder
geting a red face when you are embarrased!
A got a right scudder when she wiz gie'in me a gammy an ma maw caught us.
Scuddie mag
Verb: to sicken, disgust, to bore to the point of annoyance.
Example: Wid thon Peruvian Nose Flute music no jist scunner ye?
Noun: That which sickens, disgusts or bores.... also the state of being scunnered
Example: See you, ye're nuhhin bit a wee scunner!
Example: Since the New Year, ah've took a right scunner tae the drink....
Scunner 2
The shuddering near-retch spasm of the throat when confronted by something particularly distasteful. Falls just short of a "Dry Boak".
Imagine the first time you saw Les Dennis.
That's a scunner.
Infeasably drunk - incapable. [Greenock]
Scurrie
Noun: a Seagull - but only in the North East. Most other places just call them erm.. seagulls...
Example:
Glasgow Pigeon: Haw, you! Ya big seagull ye! At's mah bit ah chip paper!
Seagull: Awa' an shite! An ahm nae a seagull. Ah'm a scurrie! Ah'm a Furrybootian seagull!!
Glasgow pigeon: (says nuhhin bit jist batters the scurrie ower the napper wi an Irn Bru boaatle.) Welcome tae Glesga!!! Haw Haw!
Senga
A young glaswegian female Ned, usually with spiral perm in a high ponytail, held up with a terry-towelling bobble. As in Neds and Sengas.
Sesh
Having a bevvy.
"Ah'm gon for an all-day sesh. If am no back before Tuesday put the buckets oot"
Shag
To have sex with.See that Senga wi the big diddies? She wid shag ye for a fish supper, so she would.
Shareen
Leave hurriedly. Scarper
Shuch
The crack of your backside as in "Ma shuch is ferr sweatin' the day"Origin is FIFE
Simmet
A vest of the old fashioned kind (underwear) Is it no aboot time you chinged that simmet, it's bowfin so it is.
Single fish
Rhyming slang for going fur a pish
" gawn fur a single fish"
single fish
rhyming slang for going fur a pish" gawn fur a single fish"
Singul End
A small residence, normally in a tenement.
She has a singul-end in Possil, it a right wee palace. Shes a stuck up cow but.
Authenticity; 'singul' needs to flow, say 'sing' followed by 'ul', not 'sing' followed by 'gull'.
Sit nice
Command given to sportwear-clad toddlers by custodial relatives when said toddlers are not "sitting nice"
"Right Keighleigh-Anne sit nice, here's the man comin tae pit ye aff" and...
"Sit nice Darren or ah'll smack yer wee cunt in"
Sitooter
"We'll hae oor fly cup in the sitooter"
Siver
Street drain in the gully. Where one loses the car keys when blootered
Skelf
NounSplinterFuxache, ah've goat a skelf in ma erse!
Skelly
Cross-eyed.
Skelp
A gid slap or wallop, usually delivered with an open hand. As in "Yi gallus wee besom, eh'll skelp yir erse!"
Skelp 1
To hit
Away ye go ya wee bastard or I will give you a skelp, it will be sore mind!
Skelp 2
I had tae skelp that pint doon, I was spitting feathers.
Skenker
Person of low repute. Particularly used in Dundee & environs.
Skiddle
What you're doing when you've got your hands in the washing-up bowl but you're not really doing anything constructive. To footer in a watery setting.
Skite
Deliver a glancing blow viz: "Eh'll skite meh hand aff yir puss if yir nae cerfill"
Skitters
A runny shit, diarrheaAh've goat the skitters and ah dinnae want tae keech ma breeks
Skive
Not doing any work when all around you are at least pretending to, Bludge
Skiver - one who skives, skiving - the art of not doing any work, ie First Foot subscribers.
Skoosh
Noun: (also scoosh, possibly even squouche, who knows?)
1. fizzy pop (see ginger), carbonated soft drink
2. something very easy, simple pimple.
Example: 1. Gies a slug ay yer skoosh, ya stingy aul bugger, ye!
2. At wis dead easy! A pure skoosh!
Also skoosh case - that which is deemed very easy
Skud
Slang word used by neds meaning cider
Slag
Cow, hairie
"See that slag fae East Shields she's happy wi onywan as lang as it's got a zip".
Slagging
Slag (not to be confused with Slag).
Abusing or running someone doon usually behind their backs.
Something no tae be done tae their faces if they huv a chib in their hauns or if they look like CJ's neighbours.
Slaister
Mess.. see slitter
slang addition
ye's hivnae pit in the word "boaby" in yur site. Ah hope ye's ken wit it means! If no
Slate
a ginger (rhyming slang from Slate Roof)
Slater
To drool (ie at the sight of food)
Sliced sausage
aka 'square' sausage or Larne sausage...
Spicey sausage mix which comes in slices rather than the traditional 'hot dog' sausage shape. Spicier than traditional sausages, and another key ingredient tae a traditional big 'fry up'... Oh an a staple at some caifs... as in 'ye cannae beat a roll on sossidge'....
Slider
Ice cream in between two wafers, as opposed to a pokey hat. In the posh version the lower wafer was a big thick bastirt covered in chocolate and filled with sticky gunk.
Slitter
To make a mess. To dribble food on your clothes.
"Ach, whit a big slitter you are!" or "I slittered doon my shirt."
Slug
Noun: A drink from (usually) a bottle, usually refers to one distinct gulp. Often used of skoosh or ginger. Seldom used of water, or alcoholic beverages, for some reason. In the writer's humble (Hah!) opinion, this may have originated from cowboy films where a "slug of red-eye" was standard fare in the Old West taverns as depicted on the Silver Screen.
Example: Haw! Ya greedy bastart! That's you hud three slugs ay mah ginger! Take wan merr an ah'll burst ye!
Smeekit
Door lock. To put the snib on would mean to lock or unlock the door.
Snotter
Phlegm, especially green nasal phlegm.
"Whit dis an Elephant keep in its trunk? ----- A four fit long snotter!"
Sook
To suck
"When the weans hud sooked aw the orange colour oot thur jooblies they papped the ice at the backs o' the heids o' the weans in front."
Sook (2)
Ingratiate. Someone who sucks up. "Yurra wee sook, so ye are"
Sooth moother
Recent immigrant, esp to Shetland where the ferry approach to Lerwick is through the south mouth (sic) of the harbour
Soothmoother
Person who talks with an English accent, whether genuine or 'pretendy'...
Spangle
Someone who is not quite the full shilling or slightly simple.
Spangy
To jump from the roof of one building on to another.
Sparey
To take a sparey..to go mental..to fly off the handle
Spaver
I\'ve only heard this in Dundee. Meaning : Flies (as in trousers)
"Ye might hae telt me ma spaver wis open"
Speug
Spyug
spiflicate
No idea; but it is what our parents were always going to do to us as weans.
Splootered
To spill usually liquid from ones mouth.
"Ach av missed ma mooth and splootered aw doon ma shirt."
spool
camera film" huv ye goat yer spool fae yer hoalidays dun yit aggie?"
Spunkfarter
A gentleman who prefers to be taken from behind;
One who prefers oysters to snails; an uphill gardener.
Stank
noun: Drain, usually in the street; the metal grating over the drain.
Dead useful for playing bools.
Originally a pool of stagnant water - it's in a Burns poem but I can't remember which one...
Example: Ya bastart! Ah jist drapped ma car keys doon the stank!
or "Away ye go, back tae the stank ye wr spawned in ya dirty mawkit cow!"
Steamin'
Pished, fou, iled up, drunk, moroculous, steamin, blootert, buckled.
Stonner
Erection, Stiffy. Pronounced - Stonn-erHere Maw, Oor Petes goat a stonner
Stookie
Plaster cast for a broken limb etc..
Or
'to stand there, jist like a stookie' - frozen, statue-like
Stoor
Meaning-dust as in the Billy Connolly song- we've goat tae hose the lavvie doon an coont the tumblers an wipe the stoor fae aff the morra pies.
Stoorie meaning dusty.
Stooshie
A little bit of trouble.
There was a wee stooshie at the pub when I had a lingering look at the wife of Creeping Jesus
Store Dug
Lazy, as in "Get aff yer erse, yer lyin' aroond the hoose like a store dug".
Store Dug
Smash
Stovies
A dish of left over meat,(or sausages, or corned beef) with tatties n ingings (potatoes and onions).
Most faimlies huv their ain recipe... Appears tae be mair popular onra East coast than the West.
Stowed oot
Full, crammed to the brimful.
Stramash
A bit of bother, a scuffle.
In recent times only used by (the late, talentless) Jimmy Sanderson and (possibly also deid) Arthur Montford, to describe a messy, almost game-winning/losing tangle of limbs in either goalmouth of the local sports stadium.
Strive
In Inverness (at least in the 40s and 50s)
Sumph
A dullard, no very bright.look at yon sumph he couldn'y find his erse in a bath wi twa hands.
Swally
(noun) alcoholic drink, bevy,
eg "Ye gaun oot furra swally the night CJ?" "Naw ah've goat a big ironin' tae dae, an then ah've goat tae wax mah back"
(verb), to swallow
Eg "Ye're gonny get a landslide victory an keep aw the Tories policies an implemeent some worse wans yersels?? How'r ye gonny get the voters tae swally that?"
Swatch
To have a look at.
"Geeza a swatch at yer ...", usually followed by a reference to certain female genitalia
Swedger
A type of confection in demand when hungry at lunchtime.
'Gonna gezze wan oa yir swedgers we man , am starvin!'
Swick
Article of uncertain nomenclature, or person whose name has temporarily escaped the speaker.
"Jim, gonnae ask thingmie tae pass up the thingmie fer hittin' the thingmies in wi'"
Translated as, "James, can you ask the new apprentice to pass me the hammer"
Thole
Put up with, endureAh suppose wu'll jist huvv tae thole thae buggers in the Parly
thon
to get as in "get me thon paper oor ma wee darlin"
Thrawn
Stubborn, obstinate
Tick (it)
In Fife (and elsewhere?) verb: to truant; to take an unauthorised absence from all or part of the school day. If there is no noun object for the verb, you must use the pronoun 'it'.
Examples:
Pupil A: "Were yous ticking it yisterday?".
Pupil B: "Aye, aw day - an wir tickin French an English this afternoon"
Pronouns is it? Adverbs next ah expect, eh no?
Tickie
A small amount (opposite of wheen)Dae yi want Irn Bru in yir whisky? - Jist a tickie!
Tig
noun: Children's game - elsewhere called "Tag"
see Het
A supporter of Glasgow Celtic football club
tim
empty -- it's a tim hoose the nicht
To keep stum (or stume)
To keep something to yourself, to keep a secret, not talking
tod mag
A scamp, scallywag, mild form of bastirt. (from forces slang "Tuareg"-an Arab)
Toley
A jobby,a keech.Heh guess whit,wee Shuggy did a big toley in his keks at school the day. The hale class wis mingin so it wis.
Optional rhyming slang is English Goalie
Toley supper
Humorous name for a black pudding supper, so called because of the obvious visual similarity between a black pudding fried in batter and a toley (q.v.)
Tom Kite or Tam Kite
or Going to meet the golfer - have a shit. Rhyming slang Tam Kite = Shite.
tool
"Whit ye dain that fur ya wee tool"
Tottie scones
or Tattie scones.
Flattish scones, made with flour and mashed potatoes, and without which no Scottish fried breakfast wid be complete!
Totty or toaty
To trudge - "ah trauchled up the road wi ma heavy bags in ma haunds"
Tricket
Happy...ie "Ahm fair tricket wie at"
Tube
A fool, one of limited sagacity
Pronounced tchoob
Away ya tube, ye've goat two odd shoes oan!!
Tug
An instance of arrest by the constabulary.
I had a wee tug last night, let me off with a warning not to be so inconsiderate to the feline race in future.
Tumshie
Turnip. Large, orange variety which may be called a rutabaga by sum ither nations.....!
Also used as a derogatory term as in 'See him, he's a richt tumshie-heid'....
Turkish delight
Rhyming slang for shite as is a Barry WhiteChrist ah'll huv tae find a bog, ah'm burstn fur a turkish.
Tush Cloots
the sanitary towel that women wear on there monthlys.
ie. a need to go an get some tush cloots cause am due on
twanger
(noun) one's peniscommon glasweigan insult between friends
Wantae
Want toAh wantae go tae ra gem
Wean
A child - from "wee ane", where ane means one
Wean (2)
No really a different definition - still means small child, but ah disagree wi the earlier derivation an until we agree a protocol fur modifyin entries, ah'll add anither one.
Wean - indicating a weaned child - no longer suckling.
Added by Scabby Doug 15/01/2002
Weegie
Anyone residing west of the River Carron.
Weesint
A small amount, a tickie [in common use in Ayrshire]"Gies a weesint mair."
Well skelped arse
(of a face) Ruddy, rosy cheeked."Ah love thae skateboarders wi aw the metal an spiky herr an black claes wi skeletons, an tryin tae look right aff the wa', an here thiv aw goat wee fresh middle class faces wi cheeks like a well skelped arse"
wheech
to do something at speed
Wheen
A large amount (opposite of tickie)Fuxache, err's a wheen a fowk in here the night!
Wheesht
Be quiet, stop talking/making a noiseHaud yer wheesht, ah'm oan the phone
Whirlypits, the
The feeling, when lying in bed after consuming copious amounts of bevvy, that the whole world is spinning around your head.
White settler
Incomer from outside Scotland who 'settles' in mainland Scotland. (Often perceived as a derogatory term). As in 'See Edimbra, it's ower run wi White Settlers'.
Winchin
Courting, courtship.
Windae-hingin
Leisure pursuit for ladies in tenements. The stance involves leaning out of the window, elbows on the sill, watching the world go buy. Also conversing with passers-by and other windae-hingers.
Thus Bud Neill's 'Mrs Tamson opens the Toonheid windae-hingin season'.
Windae-licker
Buckfast, Four crown, Emva Cream, Eldorado, Lanliq, Old England, to name a few.
Wine bar
Place frequented by wee yuppies an other delicate species, often called Torqil, Gregor, or Damian.
Do not confuse with wine SHOAP
That mistake could earn you dentures (Copyright Jack McLean Urban Voltaire)
Wine Shoap
Emporium for the consumption of wine.
Natural habitat of a species of wee glasgow man that werrs a coat scarf an bunnet an highly polished shoes.
Wingnut
Person with unfortunately large, sticky-out ears.
Wino
One who likes a drinkie or 10 of the old vino. An alcoholic.
Wisnae
Was not."See if it wisnae fur Tony Blair, ah'd huvv voted Tory."
Wopper
White lie. to tell a wopper is to lie
Wreck the Hoose Juice
<1>Buckfast Tonic Wine, also known as a \"Boatil i whit the fuck ur yoo lookin it\"<1>
<1>See Glesga Twostep<1>
Wulk
| i don't know |
Who played Oliver Smallbridge in the eighties Australia sitcom Never The Twain | Presenting the definitive new two-volume set. Chronologically arranged, the words and music to every song written and recorded by The Beatles. Over 200 songs in full piano, vocal and guitar arrangements on three staves, featuring all introductions an
£0.00to£0.00
The Best Of UB40 Volumes 1 And 2
This two CD set brings together both of UB40and#39;s andquot;greatest hitsandquot; collections for the first time in one package. Known for their unique mix of pop and reggae, UB40 scored many UK top ten hits throughout the eighties and nineties many of wh
£5.99to£8.43
The biggest band in rock history sees their original catalogue digitally remastered for the first time with improved packaging, including extra rare photographs, expanded and new essays and all enhanced with a video mini-documentary on the making of
£0.00to£0.00
The biggest band in rock history sees their original catalogue digitally remastered for the first time with improved packaging, including extra rare photographs, expanded and new essays and all enhanced with a video mini-documentary on the making of
£0.00to£0.00
The Shirelles Remember When Volumes 1 and 2 1972 UK vinyl LP WCS1009 10
THE SHIRELLES Remember When (Rare original 1972 UK Wand label set of TWO 13-track Volume 1 andamp; 2 STEREO vinyl LPs. Both LPs are housed in the original front laminated picture sleeves which show only minor signs of shelfwear and the vinyl looksba
£44.00to£44.00
The Beatles Rock n Roll Music Volumes 1 and 2 Sealed 1980 USA 2 LP vinyl set SN 16020 21
THE BEATLES Rock n Roll Music Volumes 1andamp;2 (Set of two 1980 US Capitol label issue 14-track vinyl LPs housed in unique picture sleeve variants. The second volume has a promotional punch hole in the top right corner however both remain factoryse
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-JAZZ The First Esquire Concert Volumes 1andamp;2 (Set of two 1974 UK Saga label vinyl LPs featuring 19 tracks recorded live at New Yorks Metropolitan Opera House on Janury 18th 1944 with an all-star line-up including Billie Holiday Jack Teag
£16.00to£16.00
THE BEATLES Past Masters Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1988 US 33-track Capitol label double LP direct metal mastering from digitally remastered tape. Housed in its gatefold picture sleeve with matching white on black and black on white titles with deletion
£0.00to£0.00
JAMES GALWAY The James Galway Collection Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1982 UK 30-track 2-LP set from the man with the magic flute. The picture sleeves reveal light shelfwear only and the vinyl appears barely played STAR2224/A/B) Volume 1Annies SongI Starte
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-50S/ROCK andamp; ROLL/ROCKABILLY Rollin The Rock Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1976-77 US 24-track 2-LP set of authentic Californian rockabilly recorded in Ronny Weisers studios. Artists include Ray Campi Johnny Legend Billy Zoom and Jack Waukeen Cochr
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Various 60s and 70s The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 and 2 1978 UK 2 LP vinyl set CR30108 09
VARIOUS-60S andamp; 70S The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1978 UK Charly picture label 32-track 2-LP vinyl set of hits on Red Bird Records by Shangri-Las Dixie Cups Ad Libs and Jelly Beans front laminated picture sleeves CR30108/09) Volume 1Shang
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-50S/ROCK andamp; ROLL/ROCKABILLY Rollin The Rock Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1976-77 US 24-track 2-LP set of authentic Californian rockabilly recorded in Ronny Weisers studios. Artists include Ray Campi Johnny Legend Billy Zoom and Jack Waukeen Cochr
£0.00to£0.00
Various 60s and 70s The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 and 2 1978 UK 2 LP vinyl set CR30108/09
VARIOUS-60S andamp; 70S The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1978 UK Charly picture label 32-track 2-LP vinyl set of hits on Red Bird Records by Shangri-Las Dixie Cups Ad Libs and Jelly Beans front laminated picture sleeves CR30108/09) Volume 1Shang
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-JAZZ The First Esquire Concert Volumes 1andamp;2 (Set of two 1974 UK Saga label vinyl LPs featuring 19 tracks recorded live at New Yorks Metropolitan Opera House on Janury 18th 1944 with an all-star line-up including Billie Holiday Jack Teag
£0.00to£0.00
The Shirelles Remember When Volumes 1 and 2 1972 UK vinyl LP WCS1009/10
THE SHIRELLES Remember When (Rare original 1972 UK Wand label set of TWO 13-track Volume 1 andamp; 2 STEREO vinyl LPs. Both LPs are housed in the original front laminated picture sleeves which show only minor signs of shelfwear and the vinyl looksba
£0.00to£0.00
Hep HEPCD18 : Woody Herman / Stan Getz / Zoot Sims / Al Cohn / tracks include : Blue Flame. Stardust. Lullaby In Rhythm. I Cover The Waterfront. North-West Passage. This Is New. Elevation. Tinyand#39;s Blues. Four Brothers. Early Autumn. Keeper Of The
£16.69to£16.69
GRATEFUL DEAD In The Studio - Arista Years (Rare US Album Network double CD radio show hosted by Bob Phil and Mickey from the band and features exclusive interviews with the band for broadcast November 1996 show #438/439)
£0.00to£0.00
UB40 The Best Of Volumes 1 and 2: The Dutch Collection 2007 Dutch 2 CD album set 5041642
UB40 The Best Of Volumes 1 andamp; 2: The Dutch Collection (2007 Dutch exclusive 34-track 2-CD album set compiling all the hits that the legendary reggae group had in Holland since 1980 plus 2 recordings never before on CD: Love Is All Is Alright an
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The Beatles Past Masters Volumes 1 and 2 1988 USA 2 CD album set CDP7900432 42
THE BEATLES Past Masters - Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1988 US 33-track compilation 2-CD album set both parts housed in original black andamp; white picture sleeves CDP7900432/42) Vol 1:1. Love Me Do2. From Me To You3. Thank You Girl4. She Loves You5. Ill Ge
£13.19to£21.99
Various Prog and Psych Off The Wall Volumes 1 and 2 2009 UK 2 CD album set PAPR2CD2092
VARIOUS Off The Wall Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (2009 UK 36-track 2-CD album set - the long-awaited CD debut of 2 of the most legendary US garage compilations of all time! Originally issued in the early 80s in very limited quantities and featuring 36 of th
£11.49to£22.99
The Chronicles of Larry, Volumes 1 and 2. by John Archer-Thomson
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The Life of Johannes Brahms. Second Edition, Revised. (Volumes 1 and 2 in One Book). (First Published 1948). by Florence May, Travis andamp; Emery
£0.00to£0.00
Four-Part Chorals of J.S. Bach. (Volumes 1 and 2 in One Book). With German Text and English Translations. (Facsimile 1929) (with Music). by Johann Sebastian Bach, Charles Sanford Terry (Editor), Travis andamp; Emery
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Benny Goodman The Complete Small Combinations Volumes 1 and 2 1980 French 2 LP vinyl set PM43176
benny goodman the complete small combinations - volumes 1 and 2 1980 french 30-track mono double vinyl lp - the thirteenth issue in the labels jazz tribune series featuring tracks recorded between 1935 and 1937 great gatefold picture sleevewith extensive liner notes in french and english all in fantastic condition pm43176 after youve goneafter youve gonebody and soulbody and soulwho someday sweetheartchina boymore than you knowall my lifeoh lady be goodnobodys sweethearttoo good to be truemoonglowdinahexactly like youvibraphone bluessweet s
£13.00to£13.00
Hits Of The 30s And 40s: Volumes 1 And 2 #1#Box Set#2#
disc 1 youre driving me crazy guy lombardo his royal canadians minnie the moocher cab calloway his orchestra dinah bing crosby the mills brothers all of me louis armstrong night and day fred astaire the very thought of you ray noble and his orchestra tiger rag the mills brothers the music goes round and round tommy dorseys clambake seven goody goody benny goodman and his orchestra its a sin to tell a lie fats waller and his rhythm a fine romance fred astaire marie tommy dorseys clambake seven sweet leilani bing crosby carelessly billie holiday bei mir bist du schoen the andrew sisters dont be that way benny goodman and his orchestra i let a song go out of my heart duke ellington and his orchestra a- tisket a- tasket ella fitzgerald my reverie larry clinton and his orchestra stairway to the stars glenn miller and his orchestra disc 2 please bing crosby indian love call jeanette macdonald nelson eddy begin the beguine artie shaw and his orchestra boogie woogie tommy dorsey and his orchestra i cant get started bunny berigan jalousie the boston pops thanks for the memory bob hope shirley ross the donkey serenade allan jones two sleepy people fats waller and the angels sing benny goodman and his orchestra ciribiribin harry james and his orchestra falling in love again marlene dietrich if i didnt care the ink spots i wonder whos kissing her now ted weems and his orchestra jumpin jive cab calloway and his orchestra lili marlene lale anderson little brown jug glenn miller over the rainbow judy garland the woodchoppers ball woody herman and his orchestra they say artie shaw and his orchestra disc 3 in the mood glenn miller and his orchestra frenesi artie shaw and his orchestra ill never smile again tommy dorsey and his orchestra we three the ink spots amapola jimmy dorsey and his orchestra piano concerto in b flat freddy martin and his orchestra string of pearls glenn miller and his orchestra white christmas bing crosby tangerine jimmy dorsey and his orchestra ive heard that song before harry james and his orchestra kalamazoo glenn miller and his orchestra all or nothing at all frank sinatra paper doll the mills brothers youll never know dick haynes dont fence me in bing crosby the andrews sisters marzy doats the merry macs candy johnny mercer till the end of time perry como there ive said it again vaughan monroe and his orchestra rum and coca cola the andrews sisters disc 4 stardust artie shaw and his orchestra tuxedo junction glenn miller and his orchestra green eyes jimmy dorsey and his orchestra you made me love you harry james and his orchestra cow cow boogie freddie slack and his orchestra there are such things frank sinatra the tommy dorsey orchestra why dont you do right benny goodman and his orchestra into each life some rain must fall ella fitzgerald the ink spots opus one tommy dorsey and his orchestra you will always hurt the one you love the mills brothers on the atchinson topeka and santa fe johnny mercer the pied pipers sentimental journey les brown and his orchestra tampico stan kenton and his orchestra get your kicks on route 66 nat king cole and his trio mcnamaras band bing crosby ol buttermilk sky hoagy carmichael prisoner of love perry como rock-a-bye your baby al jolson dixie melody the gypsy the ink spots heartaches ted weems and his orchestra
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Never The Twain: Volumes 1 and 2 #1#2 Discs#2#
the classic british sitcom never the twain created by johnnie mortimer man about the house robins nest centred around the lives of grumpy old men oliver smallbridge windsor davies - terrahawks and simon peel donald sinden - twos company . as ex-business partners neighbours and rival antique dealers they remained bitter enemies throughout the series which followed their hilarious escapades and attempts to get one-up on each other until the unthinkable happened... their children fell in love episodes comprise series one families at war of meissen men a night at the opera a matched pair nothing but the truth father of the groom series two whos been sleeping in my bed as young as you feel a womans place blood brothers if you knew susan the more we are together
£8.89to£8.89
Count Basie The Count Basie Story Volumes 1 and 2 1960 UK 2 LP vinyl set 33SX1316 33SX1317
count basie the count basie story volumes 1 and 2 scarce 1960 uk sea green and gold columbia label 23-track mono 2-lp set featuring basie remaking the repertoire of his first bands arrangements from 1936-45 as a celebration of its 25th anniversary. both the front laminated picture sleeves have a small corner of their flipbacks missing but remain in otherwise excellent condition along with the heavyweight vinyl priced accordingly 1. broadway 2. down for double3. lester leaps in 4. topsy 5. jumpin at the woodside 6. taps miller7. shorty george8. doggin around 9. avenue c10. jive at five11. rock-a-bye basie12. swingin the blues13. sent for you yesterday a
£22.00to£22.00
buy va - songs in the key of z volumes 1 and 2 2cd from hmv.com for only 9.99 delivered va - songs in the key of z volumes 1 and 2 2cd is usually dispatched in 24 hours.
£0.00to£0.00
0
£8.29to£8.59
The Beatles The Beatles Greatest Hits Volumes 1 and 2 EX 1973 Australian 2 LP vinyl set PCSS7533 4
the beatles the beatles greatest hits volumes 1 and 2 rare 1973 australian-only limited edition 10th anniversary purple parlophone label 28-track stereo double lp unique custom stickered textured gatefold picture sleeve. the sleeve on this copy shows some foxing and light shelfwear but the vinyl is flawless - a nice copy pcss7533 4 1. please please me2. from me to you3. she loves you4. ill get you5. i want to hold your hand6. love me do7. i saw her standing there8. twist and shout9. roll over beethoven10. all my loving11. hold me tight12. cant buy me love13.
£0.00to£0.00
| Windsor Davies |
To which song did the guys finally strip in The Full Monty | Presenting the definitive new two-volume set. Chronologically arranged, the words and music to every song written and recorded by The Beatles. Over 200 songs in full piano, vocal and guitar arrangements on three staves, featuring all introductions an
£0.00to£0.00
The Best Of UB40 Volumes 1 And 2
This two CD set brings together both of UB40and#39;s andquot;greatest hitsandquot; collections for the first time in one package. Known for their unique mix of pop and reggae, UB40 scored many UK top ten hits throughout the eighties and nineties many of wh
£5.99to£8.43
The biggest band in rock history sees their original catalogue digitally remastered for the first time with improved packaging, including extra rare photographs, expanded and new essays and all enhanced with a video mini-documentary on the making of
£0.00to£0.00
The biggest band in rock history sees their original catalogue digitally remastered for the first time with improved packaging, including extra rare photographs, expanded and new essays and all enhanced with a video mini-documentary on the making of
£0.00to£0.00
The Shirelles Remember When Volumes 1 and 2 1972 UK vinyl LP WCS1009 10
THE SHIRELLES Remember When (Rare original 1972 UK Wand label set of TWO 13-track Volume 1 andamp; 2 STEREO vinyl LPs. Both LPs are housed in the original front laminated picture sleeves which show only minor signs of shelfwear and the vinyl looksba
£44.00to£44.00
The Beatles Rock n Roll Music Volumes 1 and 2 Sealed 1980 USA 2 LP vinyl set SN 16020 21
THE BEATLES Rock n Roll Music Volumes 1andamp;2 (Set of two 1980 US Capitol label issue 14-track vinyl LPs housed in unique picture sleeve variants. The second volume has a promotional punch hole in the top right corner however both remain factoryse
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-JAZZ The First Esquire Concert Volumes 1andamp;2 (Set of two 1974 UK Saga label vinyl LPs featuring 19 tracks recorded live at New Yorks Metropolitan Opera House on Janury 18th 1944 with an all-star line-up including Billie Holiday Jack Teag
£16.00to£16.00
THE BEATLES Past Masters Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1988 US 33-track Capitol label double LP direct metal mastering from digitally remastered tape. Housed in its gatefold picture sleeve with matching white on black and black on white titles with deletion
£0.00to£0.00
JAMES GALWAY The James Galway Collection Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1982 UK 30-track 2-LP set from the man with the magic flute. The picture sleeves reveal light shelfwear only and the vinyl appears barely played STAR2224/A/B) Volume 1Annies SongI Starte
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-50S/ROCK andamp; ROLL/ROCKABILLY Rollin The Rock Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1976-77 US 24-track 2-LP set of authentic Californian rockabilly recorded in Ronny Weisers studios. Artists include Ray Campi Johnny Legend Billy Zoom and Jack Waukeen Cochr
£0.00to£0.00
Various 60s and 70s The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 and 2 1978 UK 2 LP vinyl set CR30108 09
VARIOUS-60S andamp; 70S The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1978 UK Charly picture label 32-track 2-LP vinyl set of hits on Red Bird Records by Shangri-Las Dixie Cups Ad Libs and Jelly Beans front laminated picture sleeves CR30108/09) Volume 1Shang
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-50S/ROCK andamp; ROLL/ROCKABILLY Rollin The Rock Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1976-77 US 24-track 2-LP set of authentic Californian rockabilly recorded in Ronny Weisers studios. Artists include Ray Campi Johnny Legend Billy Zoom and Jack Waukeen Cochr
£0.00to£0.00
Various 60s and 70s The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 and 2 1978 UK 2 LP vinyl set CR30108/09
VARIOUS-60S andamp; 70S The Red Bird Era Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1978 UK Charly picture label 32-track 2-LP vinyl set of hits on Red Bird Records by Shangri-Las Dixie Cups Ad Libs and Jelly Beans front laminated picture sleeves CR30108/09) Volume 1Shang
£0.00to£0.00
VARIOUS-JAZZ The First Esquire Concert Volumes 1andamp;2 (Set of two 1974 UK Saga label vinyl LPs featuring 19 tracks recorded live at New Yorks Metropolitan Opera House on Janury 18th 1944 with an all-star line-up including Billie Holiday Jack Teag
£0.00to£0.00
The Shirelles Remember When Volumes 1 and 2 1972 UK vinyl LP WCS1009/10
THE SHIRELLES Remember When (Rare original 1972 UK Wand label set of TWO 13-track Volume 1 andamp; 2 STEREO vinyl LPs. Both LPs are housed in the original front laminated picture sleeves which show only minor signs of shelfwear and the vinyl looksba
£0.00to£0.00
Hep HEPCD18 : Woody Herman / Stan Getz / Zoot Sims / Al Cohn / tracks include : Blue Flame. Stardust. Lullaby In Rhythm. I Cover The Waterfront. North-West Passage. This Is New. Elevation. Tinyand#39;s Blues. Four Brothers. Early Autumn. Keeper Of The
£16.69to£16.69
GRATEFUL DEAD In The Studio - Arista Years (Rare US Album Network double CD radio show hosted by Bob Phil and Mickey from the band and features exclusive interviews with the band for broadcast November 1996 show #438/439)
£0.00to£0.00
UB40 The Best Of Volumes 1 and 2: The Dutch Collection 2007 Dutch 2 CD album set 5041642
UB40 The Best Of Volumes 1 andamp; 2: The Dutch Collection (2007 Dutch exclusive 34-track 2-CD album set compiling all the hits that the legendary reggae group had in Holland since 1980 plus 2 recordings never before on CD: Love Is All Is Alright an
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The Beatles Past Masters Volumes 1 and 2 1988 USA 2 CD album set CDP7900432 42
THE BEATLES Past Masters - Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (1988 US 33-track compilation 2-CD album set both parts housed in original black andamp; white picture sleeves CDP7900432/42) Vol 1:1. Love Me Do2. From Me To You3. Thank You Girl4. She Loves You5. Ill Ge
£13.19to£21.99
Various Prog and Psych Off The Wall Volumes 1 and 2 2009 UK 2 CD album set PAPR2CD2092
VARIOUS Off The Wall Volumes 1 andamp; 2 (2009 UK 36-track 2-CD album set - the long-awaited CD debut of 2 of the most legendary US garage compilations of all time! Originally issued in the early 80s in very limited quantities and featuring 36 of th
£11.49to£22.99
The Chronicles of Larry, Volumes 1 and 2. by John Archer-Thomson
£0.00to£0.00
The Life of Johannes Brahms. Second Edition, Revised. (Volumes 1 and 2 in One Book). (First Published 1948). by Florence May, Travis andamp; Emery
£0.00to£0.00
Four-Part Chorals of J.S. Bach. (Volumes 1 and 2 in One Book). With German Text and English Translations. (Facsimile 1929) (with Music). by Johann Sebastian Bach, Charles Sanford Terry (Editor), Travis andamp; Emery
£0.00to£0.00
Benny Goodman The Complete Small Combinations Volumes 1 and 2 1980 French 2 LP vinyl set PM43176
benny goodman the complete small combinations - volumes 1 and 2 1980 french 30-track mono double vinyl lp - the thirteenth issue in the labels jazz tribune series featuring tracks recorded between 1935 and 1937 great gatefold picture sleevewith extensive liner notes in french and english all in fantastic condition pm43176 after youve goneafter youve gonebody and soulbody and soulwho someday sweetheartchina boymore than you knowall my lifeoh lady be goodnobodys sweethearttoo good to be truemoonglowdinahexactly like youvibraphone bluessweet s
£13.00to£13.00
Hits Of The 30s And 40s: Volumes 1 And 2 #1#Box Set#2#
disc 1 youre driving me crazy guy lombardo his royal canadians minnie the moocher cab calloway his orchestra dinah bing crosby the mills brothers all of me louis armstrong night and day fred astaire the very thought of you ray noble and his orchestra tiger rag the mills brothers the music goes round and round tommy dorseys clambake seven goody goody benny goodman and his orchestra its a sin to tell a lie fats waller and his rhythm a fine romance fred astaire marie tommy dorseys clambake seven sweet leilani bing crosby carelessly billie holiday bei mir bist du schoen the andrew sisters dont be that way benny goodman and his orchestra i let a song go out of my heart duke ellington and his orchestra a- tisket a- tasket ella fitzgerald my reverie larry clinton and his orchestra stairway to the stars glenn miller and his orchestra disc 2 please bing crosby indian love call jeanette macdonald nelson eddy begin the beguine artie shaw and his orchestra boogie woogie tommy dorsey and his orchestra i cant get started bunny berigan jalousie the boston pops thanks for the memory bob hope shirley ross the donkey serenade allan jones two sleepy people fats waller and the angels sing benny goodman and his orchestra ciribiribin harry james and his orchestra falling in love again marlene dietrich if i didnt care the ink spots i wonder whos kissing her now ted weems and his orchestra jumpin jive cab calloway and his orchestra lili marlene lale anderson little brown jug glenn miller over the rainbow judy garland the woodchoppers ball woody herman and his orchestra they say artie shaw and his orchestra disc 3 in the mood glenn miller and his orchestra frenesi artie shaw and his orchestra ill never smile again tommy dorsey and his orchestra we three the ink spots amapola jimmy dorsey and his orchestra piano concerto in b flat freddy martin and his orchestra string of pearls glenn miller and his orchestra white christmas bing crosby tangerine jimmy dorsey and his orchestra ive heard that song before harry james and his orchestra kalamazoo glenn miller and his orchestra all or nothing at all frank sinatra paper doll the mills brothers youll never know dick haynes dont fence me in bing crosby the andrews sisters marzy doats the merry macs candy johnny mercer till the end of time perry como there ive said it again vaughan monroe and his orchestra rum and coca cola the andrews sisters disc 4 stardust artie shaw and his orchestra tuxedo junction glenn miller and his orchestra green eyes jimmy dorsey and his orchestra you made me love you harry james and his orchestra cow cow boogie freddie slack and his orchestra there are such things frank sinatra the tommy dorsey orchestra why dont you do right benny goodman and his orchestra into each life some rain must fall ella fitzgerald the ink spots opus one tommy dorsey and his orchestra you will always hurt the one you love the mills brothers on the atchinson topeka and santa fe johnny mercer the pied pipers sentimental journey les brown and his orchestra tampico stan kenton and his orchestra get your kicks on route 66 nat king cole and his trio mcnamaras band bing crosby ol buttermilk sky hoagy carmichael prisoner of love perry como rock-a-bye your baby al jolson dixie melody the gypsy the ink spots heartaches ted weems and his orchestra
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Never The Twain: Volumes 1 and 2 #1#2 Discs#2#
the classic british sitcom never the twain created by johnnie mortimer man about the house robins nest centred around the lives of grumpy old men oliver smallbridge windsor davies - terrahawks and simon peel donald sinden - twos company . as ex-business partners neighbours and rival antique dealers they remained bitter enemies throughout the series which followed their hilarious escapades and attempts to get one-up on each other until the unthinkable happened... their children fell in love episodes comprise series one families at war of meissen men a night at the opera a matched pair nothing but the truth father of the groom series two whos been sleeping in my bed as young as you feel a womans place blood brothers if you knew susan the more we are together
£8.89to£8.89
Count Basie The Count Basie Story Volumes 1 and 2 1960 UK 2 LP vinyl set 33SX1316 33SX1317
count basie the count basie story volumes 1 and 2 scarce 1960 uk sea green and gold columbia label 23-track mono 2-lp set featuring basie remaking the repertoire of his first bands arrangements from 1936-45 as a celebration of its 25th anniversary. both the front laminated picture sleeves have a small corner of their flipbacks missing but remain in otherwise excellent condition along with the heavyweight vinyl priced accordingly 1. broadway 2. down for double3. lester leaps in 4. topsy 5. jumpin at the woodside 6. taps miller7. shorty george8. doggin around 9. avenue c10. jive at five11. rock-a-bye basie12. swingin the blues13. sent for you yesterday a
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buy va - songs in the key of z volumes 1 and 2 2cd from hmv.com for only 9.99 delivered va - songs in the key of z volumes 1 and 2 2cd is usually dispatched in 24 hours.
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£8.29to£8.59
The Beatles The Beatles Greatest Hits Volumes 1 and 2 EX 1973 Australian 2 LP vinyl set PCSS7533 4
the beatles the beatles greatest hits volumes 1 and 2 rare 1973 australian-only limited edition 10th anniversary purple parlophone label 28-track stereo double lp unique custom stickered textured gatefold picture sleeve. the sleeve on this copy shows some foxing and light shelfwear but the vinyl is flawless - a nice copy pcss7533 4 1. please please me2. from me to you3. she loves you4. ill get you5. i want to hold your hand6. love me do7. i saw her standing there8. twist and shout9. roll over beethoven10. all my loving11. hold me tight12. cant buy me love13.
£0.00to£0.00
| i don't know |
What is the name of the underground city in the Matrix films | History | Matrix Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
The United Nations launch a nuclear attack on 01 , starting the Machine War but doing very little permanent damage to the Machines
Operation Dark Storm begins to cut off the Machines from the sun, the sky is permanently darkened
The Machines modify themselves to become war machines
The war continues and the Machines overwhelm the humans
The Machines are victorious over the humans; The Machine War comes to an end
The United Nations form an Instrument of Surrender . The human bodies are taken by the Machines for use as Batteries. A thermonuclear device is detonated inside the United Nations Headquarters, destroying New York City
Nuclear winter sets in
Humans are captured by the Machines and used for experiment
The Machines develop a way to extract energy from humans and combine it with fusion power
The Fifth Matrix is designed
The One dies; The Oracle prophesies his return
The Matrix and Zion continue for approximately one hundred years
A man named Geoffrey leads a team of five people to find wheat in the Real World
Geoffrey's team finds an abandoned university town and discovers a seed depository
Geoffrey's team is attacked and slaughtered, though Geoffrey survives
Geoffrey returns to Zion and presents several baked goods to the people of Zion
A group of Zionites creates a massive wheat field on the surface using UV lights powered by the Machines' power lines
The machines slaughter the Zionites operating the field
Grain taken from Zion's stockpile is used twice a year for a Bread Feast
Morpheus is freed from the Matrix
Morpheus learns of Geoffrey's story at the Bread Feast
Morpheus visits the Oracle who tells him that he will find The One
Trinity hacks into the IRS database
Morpheus becomes Captain of the Hovercraft Nebuchadnezzar and frees Trinity from the Matrix
Ghost is freed from the Matrix on the same day as Trinity
Ghost and Trinity develop a close, brother-sister relationship
Trinity becomes First Mate of the Nebuchadnezzar and other crewmembers join
Trinity visits the Oracle who tells her that she will fall in love with The One
Private Investigator Mr. Ash is hired by the Machines to track down Trinity
Trinity kills Mr. Ash on board a train as he begins to turn into an Agent
Morpheus finds someone who he believes could be the One
The man Morpheus believes to be the One fights an Agent and is killed
Morpheus finds four more people who he believes could be the One
Each potential One fights an Agent and is killed
Cypher begins doubting the prophecy of The One
Morpheus gains notoriety as an international terrorist
A hacker named Thomas A. Anderson, aka Neo , begins searching the Internet for Morpheus
The crew of the Nebuchadnezzar begins monitoring Neo as a sixth potential One
Cypher expresses his lack of faith in Neo to Trinity
Trinity takes a shift monitoring Thomas Anderson from the Heart o' the City Hotel
Cypher betrays Trinity's location to Agents Smith, Jones, and Brown
Trinity escapes from the Heart o' the City Hotel
The Agents begin their search for Neo
Neo sells an illegal disk to his friend Choi, who invites him to a rave
Neo and Trinity meet for the first time
Neo goes to work at MetaCortex where Agents Smith, Jones, and Brown catch up to him
Neo is contacted by Morpheus who tries to help him out of the building
Neo is captured and interrogated by Agent Smith
A tracking bug is placed inside Neo's navel, and he wakes up in bed
Neo is contacted by Morpheus again
The bug is extracted from Neo's navel
Neo meets Morpheus for the first time at the Hotel Lafayette
Neo chooses the Red Pill over the Blue Pill and is extracted from the Matrix
The Nebuchadnezzar recovers Neo from the sewer and begins the recuperation process
Neo sees the Matrix for what it really is and is told of the Prophecy of The One
Neo's training begins
Cypher meets with Agent Smith to negotiate his betrayal
The crew of the Nebuchadnezzar takes Neo to see the Oracle
Cypher betrays the location of the Hotel Lafayette to the Agents
Neo meets Spoon Boy
Neo meets the Oracle and interprets her response to mean that he isn't the One
The crew of the Nebuchadnezzar is attacked at the Hotel Lafayette and Mouse is killed
Cypher is captured by the police
Morpheus is captured by Agent Smith
Cypher's paddy wagon crashes, he escapes and exits the Matrix
Cypher critically wounds Tank and kills Dozer
Cypher kills Apoc and Switch
Tank recovers from the attack and kills Cypher
The Agents begin attempting to extract the Zion access codes from Morpheus' mind
Neo and Trinity enter the Matrix to save Morpheus
Neo and Trinity demolish the lobby of the Government Building
Using a B-212 helicopter, Neo and Trinity ambush the Agents and rescue Morpheus
Morpheus, Trinity, and Neo safely land on a rooftop as the helicopter crashes into a nearby building
Morpheus and Trinity exit the Matrix, but Neo is trapped by Agent Smith
Neo defeats Agent Smith, but he quickly returns
Sentinels close in on the Nebuchadnezzar
Neo runs to the Heart o' the City hotel
Neo is killed by Agent Smith outside of Room 303
Trinity confesses her love to Neo
Neo is brought back to life due to the imbalanced equation of the Matrix
Neo destroys Agent Smith
Neo begins having prophetic dreams about Trinity
Bane (posessed by Smith ), fires the EMP ; instantaneously taking down 5 ships
Bane is descovered by the crew of Mjolnir
Neo leaves for 01 with Trinity in the Logos
Bane tries to kill Neo and Trinity , but is killed by a blinded Neo
The assault on Zion Begins
Most of the APU's fall against The Sentinels
Niobe pilots the Mjolnir to Zion through the Mechanical Line
Mjolnir enters Zion and fires the EMP destroying all the Sentinels in the Dock
The Logos reaches the Machine City
Neo and Trinity soar above the nanobots in an attempt to save themselves from the large number of Sentinels
The Logos is disabled by the electrical disturbances in the clouds
The Logos crashes into the Machine City
The Logos crashes into a tower in 01
Trinity says her final goodbye to Neo
Zion is breached by Digger 2
Neo makes a deal with Deus Ex Machina , demading peace among the Machines and the Humans in exchange for the destruction of the rogue Agent Smith
Deus Ex Machina accepts the terms and orders the sentinels to stand down
Neo and Smith battle in the Matrix
The whole population of the Matrix is assimilated by Smith
Neo is assimilated by Smith
Smith is deleted
Neo's body appears to be killed
Deus Ex Machina accepts the truce
The sentinels leave Zion
Edit
The MMORPG " The Matrix Online " continues the narrative, starting in 2005 (plus beta testing in 2004)
The citizens of the Mega City assess the damage caused by the rainstorm and by the fight between Neo and Smith
Hundreds of obsolete and beligerant programs are exiled and form gangs within the Mega City
The Machines declare the Richland district open and unrestricted for all redpills
The Agents begin hunting down the Exiles to delete them from the Matrix
The Exiles discover ways to hack into the access nodes placed throughout the city
The Assassin is set to be deleted for his disobedience regarding the recycling of Trinity's body
The Assassin flees to the Matrix with the help of The Merovingian
Morpheus demands that the Machines return the body of Neo to Zion, but they refuse
Morpheus is considered to be deceased by the citizens of the Mega City
The framework of the HvCFT Novalis is salvaged and repaired
Sawayaka becomes the captain of the HvCFT Novalis II
Glitches caused by Agent Smith begin appearing in the Matrix
Leaks in the code of the Matrix begin to appear, redpills begin to tap these data nodes for information
Humans within the Matrix are extracted at the highest rate ever
Massive hoverbarges are provided to house all of the new redpills
Due to a lack of adequate training disks, redpills start trading valuable information for new abilities
The Machines try to fix the glitches caused by Smith
Hundreds of redpills experience déjà vu
Thousands of humans are freed from the Matrix in a single day
The Machines start losing power
The Machines attempt to optimize their systems to compensate
Morpheus encourages all redpills to strain the system so that the Machines will be inclined to return Neo's body
The Machines consider Morpheus' actions to be in violation of the Truce
The Machines contact Lock to request that Morpheus be stopped
Commander Lock orders all Zionite redpills to apprehend Morpheus on sight
The Merovingian's lieutenants begin to shadow Morpheus
| Zion |
For which Australia series did Michael Gambon win a Best Actor BAFTA in 1987 | The Matrix Revolutions (2003)
The Matrix Revolutions (2003)
The Matrix Trilogy - Part 3
The Matrix Revolutions (2003)
d. Andy Wachowski, Larry Wachowski, 135 minutes
Film Plot Summary
-- (Continuation of previous film) Comatose Neo (Keanu Reeves) was lying on a medical table in the ship The Hammer, directly across from the "only one" who survived a massacre at Zion. He was a suspected traitor: Bane/Agent Smith (Ian Bliss). It was thought that Neo, who was not "plugged in," might be in The Matrix. Meanwhile, the underground city of Zion was again being threatened within 20 hours (by midnight) by another attack of tunneling machines and Sentinels.
Neo found himself at the 'Mobil Ave' subway-train station [mobil=anagram for limbo] - "trapped in a place between this world and the Machine world" - in the place where programs were smuggled into and out of the Matrix. He learned from an Indian family (Rama-Kandra and wife Kamala, both programs) and their beloved program-daughter Sati (Tanveer K. Atwal) that the Trainman (Bruce Spence), employed by the French Merovingian (Lambert Wilson), controlled whether he could leave ("Down here, I'm God"). Trinity and Morpheus met with the Oracle (Mary Alice), (changed in appearance in exhange for Merovingian's permission to smuggle Sati undetected into the Matrix), the "mother" of the Matrix, who confirmed that Neo's "link is controlled by a program called the Trainman."
To free Neo, they met with the Merovingian, who was dining at Club Hel, and were offered a swap: Neo, for "the eyes of the Oracle." Trinity refused the offer and the stand-off ended with Neo's release, signaled by an arriving train carrying lover Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss). Neo also visited with the Oracle asking: "Tell me just what the hell is happening to me" - she revealed that his powers were manifested because he was connected to the Source, the Machine City's mainframe. She expressed how she wanted the war to end "one way or another" and also forecast: "I see the end coming, I see the darkness spreading. I see death." Only Neo could save the future of both worlds (the Machine City and the Matrix), by standing up to all-powerful Agent Smith (Hugo Weaving) who "won't stop until there's nothing left at all." The Oracle described Smith to Neo: "He is you. Your opposite, your negative."
After Neo left, multiple Agent Smiths (he was now able to replicate himself indefinitely) arrived and took over the Oracle, taking her powers of precognition as he assimilated himself into her. To accommodate Neo's need for a hovercraft to carry out his mission, Niobe (Jada Pinkett Smith) gave him her ship the Logos, to travel to Machine City with Trinity. As part of their overall military strategy to save Zion from a machine invasion, Niobe (with Morpheus as her co-pilot) planned to navigate back to Zion in the Hammer craft through a complex series of back tunnels, avoiding Sentinels (or "squids").
On board Neo's ship, Bane revealed himself as Agent Smith and then during a struggle blinded Neo by cauterizing his eyes with a spliced electrical cable. Neo could still "see" Bane/Smith ("I can see you") as orangish light and killed him by decapitating him with a crow-bar, although Bane warned: "It's not over, Mr. Anderson." Neo was able to sense AI intelligences as fiery objects, when they navigated on to the 'scorched-earth' Machine City - but they were overwhelmed by Sentinels and lost power in an electrical storm. When they crash-landed, Trinity lost her life and gave Neo one last kiss before expiring.
Meanwhile, Zion was readying the defense of its dome and outside docks with giant robotic Armored Personnel Units (APUs) loaded with bombs, led by Captain Mifune (Nathaniel Lees), who valiantly fought but lost his life against giant drilling machines in the monumental conflict. Gate 3 was opened just in time to allow Niobe's craft to enter and disperse the Sentinels with EMP (but with disastrous consequences for Zion's resources) - until the next wave of the assault. Neo bargained with the Deus ex Machina, the Machine's intelligence, for peace (an end to fighting in Zion) in exchange for fighting against and eliminating once and for all the rogue program Smith. He warned: "The program Smith has grown beyond your control. Soon he will spread through this city as he spread through the Matrix. You cannot stop him. But I can..."
Neo was connected to the Matrix while he fought a monumental battle against Smith, who claimed he could already foresee his victory (with his newfound powers of precognition that he had appropriated from the Oracle): "You can't win. It's pointless to keep fighting...This is my world. My world!...Wait, I've seen this. This is it. This is the end...Everything that has a beginning has an end, Neo." The Oracle was speaking those words through Smith. [Note: This was the first instance that Smith called him Neo rather than Mr. Anderson.] When Smith feared it was a trick, Neo replied: "You were right, Smith. You were always right. It was inevitable."
Neo tricked Smith into letting him 'unbalance the equation' - by letting Smith win, and accepting his own 'end'. Smith assimilated Neo with a punch to his mid-section and then asked: "Is it over?" - Neo/Smith agreed with a nod. Neo's plugged-in body, back in Machine City, glowed a golden color as it surged in energy that turned to a bright white light - destructively blasting all the Smiths into nothingness, as Smith complained: "It's not fair." The Machines had gained control of Smith through Neo's jacked-in body - and destroyed him. The Source confirmed Smith's deletion: "It is done."
Neo was taken away by the machines to assimilate his code into the mainframe. Conditions returned to normality - the Zion war ended ("the war is over"), peace came as the Sentinels withdrew, and the Oracle and Sati were restored within a world devoid of green tint (the sun was shining in a blue sky over the city).
The film ended with a short discussion between the Oracle and the Architect (Helmut Bakaitis), the creator of the Matrix, who said: "You played a very dangerous game." She replied: "Change always is." He begrudgingly promised that "the others" (humans who were still plugged in) who wanted out of the Matrix "will be freed." Sati, a child born in the Matrix, made a beautiful sunrise for Neo, reformulating the Matrix as she saw fit. The Oracle declared with the film's final line that she didn't know what would happen: "Oh no, no I didn't. But I believed. I believed."
Film Notables (Awards, Facts, etc.)
With many of the same characters from the first two films.
With a production budget of $150 million, and box-office gross receipts of $139 million (domestic) and $425 million (worldwide).
Set-pieces: the entrance into Club Hel, Bane/Agent Smith's fight to death with Neo, the major battle between Sentinels-drilling machines and the forces of Zion, and Neo's final airborne struggle against menacing Agent Smith in the rain to defeat him.
Neo (Mr. Anderson)
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What are the targets in skeet or trap shooting made of | Clay Target Shooting Games
Clay Target Shooting Games
Clay Target Shooting is made of up various games that can be played by
beginner
to advanced shooters. Most people play for fun or competition.
Our outdoor shotgun range offers various clay target shooting games for beginner to advanced shooters. View the game descriptions to get an understanding of these fun and exciting games. Private or group instruction is available with an emphasis on safety.
Sporting Clays
Trap
Trap shooting is easy to learn, but hard to master. In Trap, clay targets are thrown by a machine located at approximately ground level and covered by a "trap houseâ at the center of the field.
The trap machine oscillates side to side so the targets are constantly changing that should appear in a random and unpredictable manner.
A round of trap consists of 25 shots, with groups of five shots being taken from five shooting positions. There is a maximum of five people shooting per round which is called a squad.
Each shooter on the squad shoots five shots from each of the five shooting positions. The shooters take turns shooting such that the first shooter will shoot one shot, then the second shooter takes their shot, etc. until all five shooters have shot 5 shots from a given shooting position.
The shooters then rotate to the next shooting position and repeat the process. The Prince George's Trap & Skeet Center has 8 trap fields.
Wobble Trap
A variant of standard trap is Wobble or Wobble Trap. The main difference is a more extreme target flight path than in standard trap shooting. The trap oscillates up and down as well as side to side. Wobble trap is a good warm up for Sporting Clays.
The Prince George's Trap & Skeet Center has a five stand which has 5 stations to shoot from.
International Trap
Prince Georgeâs County Trap & Skeet Center is one of 47 gun clubs in the U.S. that offer Olympic Games of International Trap (International Bunker) and International Skeet.
International Trap or Bunker is a single-target Olympic Trap shooting Shotgun event that has a history of over a hundred years old. It is considered more difficult than other trap versions, in that the distance to the targets and the speed with which they are thrown are both greater. Targets are thrown from one of 15 machines.
Each machine is set to throw targets from zero degrees up to 45 degrees from the center, with targets thrown up to 110 mph.
Skeet
Skeet is hard, but easy to master. In Skeet, clay targets are thrown from two fixed and stationary machines located in âhigh houseâ (left side) & âlow houseâ (right side) of the field.
A round of skeet consists of 25 targets shot from 8 different stations around a semicircle. The difficulty comes with the ever-changing angles of the target flight path which changes from station to station.
The shooter shoots a series of shot sequences ranging from 2 targets to 4 targets.
The Prince George's Trap & Skeet Center has 13 skeet fields.
International Skeet
Prince Georgeâs County Trap & Skeet Center is one of 47 gun clubs in the U.S. that offer Olympic Games of International Skeet and International Trap (International Bunker).
International Skeet (Olympic Skeet) is a variant of skeet shooting and the specific variant used in the Olympic Games. Two throwing machines at different heights and increased speeds, launch a series of 25 targets in a specific order, some as singles and some as doubles.
The shooter has a fixed position between them. In Olympic Skeet, there is a random delay of between 0 to 3 seconds, after the shooter has called for the target.
Also, the shooter must hold their gun so that the buttstock is at mid-torso level until the target appears.
Sporting Clays
Sporting Clays is a shotgun sport that incorporates target presentations that will challenge a beginner or a seasoned shooter.
The shooting grounds are laid out in a âcourseâ of stations or stands. Each station or stand will have a set of target machines that throws out clay targets (aka clay pigeons) at various angles and speeds.
These variations change the course to keep it challenging from round to round. At each station, clay pigeons are thrown in singles and pairs, five or more per station.
The number of targets thrown at each station is up to each shooter or squad. The size of a course may change with a normal round consisting of 5-10 stations and 50 targets.
The Prince George's Trap & Skeet Center has a sporting clays course that consists of 22 stations that wind through the surrounding woods.
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| Clay |
What sport is played by the Indiana Pacers | 1000+ images about clay target team on Pinterest | Shotgun shells, Shells and Guns
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Trap Shooting Bouquet - Sugar cookies airbrushed black with MMF details to look like clay pigeons. Bouquet assembled in an empty shell box, decorated with actual spent shells and camouflage ribbon and bow. (You can't really see the bow very well... it's too camouflaged!) Center cookie has their team logo on it.
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What is the highest point of a triangle called | Apex - definition of apex by The Free Dictionary
Apex - definition of apex by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/apex
n. pl. a·pex·es or a·pi·ces (ā′pĭ-sēz′, ăp′ĭ-)
1.
a. The highest point of a structure, object, or geometric figure: the apex of a hill; the apex of a triangle.
b. The usually pointed end of an object; the tip: the apex of a leaf.
2.
a. The highest level or degree that is attained, as in a hierarchy. See Synonyms at summit .
b. The period of greatest achievement: won several Olympic medals at the apex of her career.
[Latin.]
n, pl apexes or apices (ˈæpɪˌsiːz; ˈeɪ-)
1. (Mathematics) the highest point; vertex
2. the pointed end or tip of something
3. a pinnacle or high point, as of a career, etc
4. (Astronomy) astronomy Also called: solar apex the point on the celestial sphere, lying in the constellation Hercules, towards which the sun appears to move at a velocity of 20 kilometres per second relative to the nearest stars
[C17: from Latin: point]
(ˈeɪpɛks)
n acronym for
1. Advance Purchase Excursion: a reduced airline or long-distance rail fare that must be paid a specified number of days in advance
2. (Industrial Relations & HR Terms) (in Britain) Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer Staff
a•pex
n., pl. a•pex•es, a•pi•ces (ˈeɪ pəˌsiz, ˈæp ə-)
1. the highest point; vertex; summit.
2. the tip or point: the apex of the tongue.
3. climax; peak: the apex of a career.
[1595–1605; < Latin]
The highest point, especially the vertex of a triangle, cone, or pyramid.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
crown - the part of a hat (the vertex) that covers the crown of the head
roof peak - the highest point of a roof
extreme point , extremum , extreme - the point located farthest from the middle of something
2.
apex - the point on the celestial sphere toward which the sun and solar system appear to be moving relative to the fixed stars
apex of the sun's way , solar apex
celestial point - a point in the heavens (on the celestial sphere)
celestial sphere , empyrean , firmament , heavens , vault of heaven , welkin , sphere - the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected
antapex - the point opposite in direction from the solar apex; the point the solar system is moving away from
apex
noun
highest point base , bottom , depths , nadir , lowest point, perigee
apex
1. (Brit) =Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff
2. (also apex) =Advance Purchase Excursion APEX fare → precio m APEX
APEX ticket → billete m APEX
apex
[ˈeɪpeks] N (apexes, apices (pl)) [ˈeɪpɪsiːz]
1. (Math) → vértice m
2. (fig) → cumbre f, cima f
Apex
modif [fare, return, ticket] → APEX inv
apex
n pl <-es or apices> → Spitze f; (fig) → Höhepunkt m
APEX
[ˈeɪpɛks] n abbr
a. (Brit) =Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff associazione dei professionisti, dirigenti, impiegati ed informatici
b. (Aer) =advance purchase excursion → APEX m inv
apex
[ˈeɪpɛks] n (Geom) → vertice m (fig) → vertice m, apice m
apex
(ˈeipeks) noun
the highest point or tip (of something). the apex of a triangle; the apex of a person's career. toppunt رأس връх ápice vrchol, špice die Spitze spids; top; højdepunkt κορυφή ápice , cumbre tipp اوج؛ بالاترین نقطه kärki sommet פסגה शीर्ष vrhunac csúcspont puncak toppur apice 頂点 정점 viršūnė virsotne; galotne puncak top , toppunt spiss, topp; høydepunkt wierzchołek , szczyt لوړه څوکه ، لوړه نقطه ápice vârf вершина vrchol vrh, vrhunec vrh spets, topp จุดสูงสุด doruk , tepe 頂點 верхівка, вершина سرا ، چوٹی ، عروج đỉnh 顶点
a·pex
1. ápice, extremo superior o punta de un órgano;
2. extremidad puntiaguda de una estructura.
Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .
Link to this page:
apices
References in classic literature ?
Planted with their broad ends on the deck, a circle of these slabs laced together, mutually sloped towards each other, and at the apex united in a tufted point, where the loose hairy fibres waved to and fro like a top-knot on some old Pottowotamie Sachem's head.
View in context
Everybody knows that the great reversed triangle of land, with its base in the north and its apex in the south, which is called India, embraces fourteen hundred thousand square miles, upon which is spread unequally a population of one hundred and eighty millions of souls.
View in context
Once a leash of thin black whips, like the arms of an octopus, flashed across the sunset and was immediately with- drawn, and afterwards a thin rod rose up, joint by joint, bearing at its apex a circular disk that spun with a wobbling motion.
View in context
A line was accordingly attached to it, and the other end being passed over the ridge-pole of the house, it was hoisted up to the apex of the roof, where it hung suspended directly over the mats where I usually reclined.
View in context
The 'castle' consisted of an irregular assemblage of cliffs and rocks - one of the latter being quite remarkable for its height as well as for its insulated and artificial appearance I clambered to its apex, and then felt much at a loss as to what should be next done.
View in context
Thus the naked tops of the poles diverge in such a manner that, if they were covered with skins like the lower ends, the tent would be shaped like an hour-glass, and present the appearance of one cone inverted on the apex of another.
| Apex |
What word is used to describe any straight line from the centre of a circle to the circumference | Apex - definition of apex by The Free Dictionary
Apex - definition of apex by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/apex
n. pl. a·pex·es or a·pi·ces (ā′pĭ-sēz′, ăp′ĭ-)
1.
a. The highest point of a structure, object, or geometric figure: the apex of a hill; the apex of a triangle.
b. The usually pointed end of an object; the tip: the apex of a leaf.
2.
a. The highest level or degree that is attained, as in a hierarchy. See Synonyms at summit .
b. The period of greatest achievement: won several Olympic medals at the apex of her career.
[Latin.]
n, pl apexes or apices (ˈæpɪˌsiːz; ˈeɪ-)
1. (Mathematics) the highest point; vertex
2. the pointed end or tip of something
3. a pinnacle or high point, as of a career, etc
4. (Astronomy) astronomy Also called: solar apex the point on the celestial sphere, lying in the constellation Hercules, towards which the sun appears to move at a velocity of 20 kilometres per second relative to the nearest stars
[C17: from Latin: point]
(ˈeɪpɛks)
n acronym for
1. Advance Purchase Excursion: a reduced airline or long-distance rail fare that must be paid a specified number of days in advance
2. (Industrial Relations & HR Terms) (in Britain) Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer Staff
a•pex
n., pl. a•pex•es, a•pi•ces (ˈeɪ pəˌsiz, ˈæp ə-)
1. the highest point; vertex; summit.
2. the tip or point: the apex of the tongue.
3. climax; peak: the apex of a career.
[1595–1605; < Latin]
The highest point, especially the vertex of a triangle, cone, or pyramid.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
crown - the part of a hat (the vertex) that covers the crown of the head
roof peak - the highest point of a roof
extreme point , extremum , extreme - the point located farthest from the middle of something
2.
apex - the point on the celestial sphere toward which the sun and solar system appear to be moving relative to the fixed stars
apex of the sun's way , solar apex
celestial point - a point in the heavens (on the celestial sphere)
celestial sphere , empyrean , firmament , heavens , vault of heaven , welkin , sphere - the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected
antapex - the point opposite in direction from the solar apex; the point the solar system is moving away from
apex
noun
highest point base , bottom , depths , nadir , lowest point, perigee
apex
1. (Brit) =Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff
2. (also apex) =Advance Purchase Excursion APEX fare → precio m APEX
APEX ticket → billete m APEX
apex
[ˈeɪpeks] N (apexes, apices (pl)) [ˈeɪpɪsiːz]
1. (Math) → vértice m
2. (fig) → cumbre f, cima f
Apex
modif [fare, return, ticket] → APEX inv
apex
n pl <-es or apices> → Spitze f; (fig) → Höhepunkt m
APEX
[ˈeɪpɛks] n abbr
a. (Brit) =Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff associazione dei professionisti, dirigenti, impiegati ed informatici
b. (Aer) =advance purchase excursion → APEX m inv
apex
[ˈeɪpɛks] n (Geom) → vertice m (fig) → vertice m, apice m
apex
(ˈeipeks) noun
the highest point or tip (of something). the apex of a triangle; the apex of a person's career. toppunt رأس връх ápice vrchol, špice die Spitze spids; top; højdepunkt κορυφή ápice , cumbre tipp اوج؛ بالاترین نقطه kärki sommet פסגה शीर्ष vrhunac csúcspont puncak toppur apice 頂点 정점 viršūnė virsotne; galotne puncak top , toppunt spiss, topp; høydepunkt wierzchołek , szczyt لوړه څوکه ، لوړه نقطه ápice vârf вершина vrchol vrh, vrhunec vrh spets, topp จุดสูงสุด doruk , tepe 頂點 верхівка, вершина سرا ، چوٹی ، عروج đỉnh 顶点
a·pex
1. ápice, extremo superior o punta de un órgano;
2. extremidad puntiaguda de una estructura.
Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .
Link to this page:
apices
References in classic literature ?
Planted with their broad ends on the deck, a circle of these slabs laced together, mutually sloped towards each other, and at the apex united in a tufted point, where the loose hairy fibres waved to and fro like a top-knot on some old Pottowotamie Sachem's head.
View in context
Everybody knows that the great reversed triangle of land, with its base in the north and its apex in the south, which is called India, embraces fourteen hundred thousand square miles, upon which is spread unequally a population of one hundred and eighty millions of souls.
View in context
Once a leash of thin black whips, like the arms of an octopus, flashed across the sunset and was immediately with- drawn, and afterwards a thin rod rose up, joint by joint, bearing at its apex a circular disk that spun with a wobbling motion.
View in context
A line was accordingly attached to it, and the other end being passed over the ridge-pole of the house, it was hoisted up to the apex of the roof, where it hung suspended directly over the mats where I usually reclined.
View in context
The 'castle' consisted of an irregular assemblage of cliffs and rocks - one of the latter being quite remarkable for its height as well as for its insulated and artificial appearance I clambered to its apex, and then felt much at a loss as to what should be next done.
View in context
Thus the naked tops of the poles diverge in such a manner that, if they were covered with skins like the lower ends, the tent would be shaped like an hour-glass, and present the appearance of one cone inverted on the apex of another.
| i don't know |
What is a triangle called that has three equal sides and three equal angles | Triangles - Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene
Triangles
A triangle has three sides and three angles
The three angles always add to 180°
Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene
There are three special names given to triangles that tell how many sides (or angles) are equal.
There can be 3, 2 or no equal sides/angles:
Equilateral Triangle
Three equal angles, always 60°
Isosceles Triangle
Triangles can also have names that tell you what type of angle is inside:
Acute Triangle
All angles are less than 90°
Right Triangle
Has a right angle (90°)
Obtuse Triangle
Has an angle more than 90°
Combining the Names
Sometimes a triangle will have two names, for example:
Right Isosceles Triangle
Has a right angle (90°), and also two equal angles
Can you guess what the equal angles are?
Play With It ...
Try dragging the points around and make different triangles:
You might also like to play with the Interactive Triangle .
Perimeter
The perimeter is the distance around the edge of the triangle: just add up the three sides:
Area
The area is half of the base times height.
"b" is the distance along the base
"h" is the height (measured at right angles to the base)
Area = ½ × b × h
The formula works for all triangles.
Note: a simpler way of writing the formula is bh/2
Example: What is the area of this triangle?
(Note: 12 is the height, not the length of the left-hand side)
Base = b = 20
Area = ½ × b × h = ½ × 20 × 12 = 120
The base can be any side, Just be sure the "height" is measured at right angles to the "base":
(Note: You can also calculate the area from the lengths of all three sides using Heron's Formula .)
Why is the Area "Half of bh"?
Imagine you "doubled" the triangle (flip it around one of the upper edges) to make a square-like shape (a parallelogram ) which can be changed to a simple rectangle :
THEN the whole area is bh, which is for both triangles, so just one is ½ × bh.
| Equilateral triangle |
In trigonometry, what is calculated by the adjacent over the hypotenuse | GEOMETRY
I want to see the Practice Problems for this section.
Take me back to the Main Page
Triangles
Triangles, as the prefix tri suggests, are closed geometrical figures that have three straight sides. Every triangle will, as a result, have three angles as well.
One important thing to remember about triangles is that the sum of the three angles in a triangle is alway equal to 180 degrees (for definition of degree see subsection below on angles)
Types of Triangles
Special relationships between the three sides and the three angles allow us to define types of triangles that are nicer to work with and understand, at least at a basic starting level.
A. The Right Triangle: Perhaps the most basic and important type of triangle that you will encounter in Astronomy (and in Physics) is the right triangle. The right triangle is a triangle that has one 90o angle. Since the sum of the angles in a triangle must be 180o, this implies that the other two angles in a right triangle must add up to 90o. Many special trigonometric relationships between the sides and the angles emerge as a result of this special 90o angle. One of these relations is the so called Pythagorean Theorem. For the right triangle shown in figure 2, the relation is: a2 + b2 = c2
See the Trigonometry section for more - and very IMPORTANT - things to know about right triangles.
B. Equilateral Triangle: This is a type of triangle in which all 3 sides, and as a result all three angles are equal. Since the sum of the angles in a triangle must be 180o, then this means that for an equilateral triangle each angle is 60o!
This is rather nice, because eveything about this triangle is determined ... without doing anything you know all three of its angles.
C. Isoceles Triangle: In this special type of triangle, two sides are equal to each other. One can prove - as you probably did long time ago in your geometry class - that the the angles opposite to these two equal sides are also equal to each other. Thus, let us say that we have a triangle in which two sides are 5.0 cm in length and the other side is - let's say - 2.0 cm in length, as in the figure below. This means that the two angles indicated with an arrow in the figure are equal.
You will learn how to calculate these angles in the trigonometry section.
D. Worst Case! Of course, a triangle could just have all 3 sides different in length - as in the first diagram above - in which case there is nothing nice about it! In such cases, one has to find ways of breaking up parts of the triangle or dropping prependiculars to various sides in order to determine anything about the triangle. There is also a very useful tool that is applicable to all traingles in general; it is stated in terms of an equation that is called the the law of cosines , which you can read about in the supplemantary sections.
Angles
Angles are basic to our observations of the world. We think about angles all the time, in our perception of reality, even though we my not be aware of it at any given instant (an in fact most of us think about angles without ever being aware of it!). Since angles are measurable quantities we have to have a way of specifying how to measure angles and what numbers and units to give them.
One basic way of measuring angles is to start somewhere on the plane geometrical surface - a good, flat landscape - and say that if we go around one revolution, completeing a circle, we have covered 360 degrees. Thus, the unit of measurment of angles will then be degrees and 360 degrees = one revolution. The degree symbol is usually the superscript o.
A portion of a revolution will of course be smaller than 360 degrees. For instance, if we go round 1/4th of a circle, as shown in bottom part of the figure below., then we cover only 1/4th of 360 degrees, which is equal to 90o.
Area
Since the triangle is a bounded figure one can define an area that it encloses. This might seem complicated to do, if you're just staring at a random picture of a triangle. But, one can look at a very simple triangle first and see how we can find out its area. This will not be shown in detail here; if you're interested in the details see the derivation of area of traingle in the supplementary sections . The result is a simple relationship that actually generalizes to all triangles if one correctly identifies the base and the height. The way this is done is as follows: one simply picks a side of the triangle and calls it the 'base' and then from the edge opposite to that side one drops a prependicular line to the side that is picked as 'base' ... this prependicular line is the height. The following figure may help you imagine how this is done. The area of the triangle is then one-half the base times the height:
Notice that the base and the height both have units of length and so the area A will have units of length2, as expected.
Circles
The circle is a closed geometric figure as shown in the following figure:
It is defined such that all the points on the circle are at a constant distance from a center. This distance is called the radius of the circle, as indicated in the diagram above.
Circumference
The quanitity we call the "circumference" of a geometircal figure is basically the distance one would travel in going around a closed shaped figure once. One can define a circumference for any closed geometric figure. The circumference of a circle is a rather useful quantity, and it depends very simply on the radius of the circle:
C = 2 × p × r
where: C = Circumference, r = radius, and p = 3.1415 ....
You can think of this quantity p as a constant that allows you to define the circumference of a circle. If you're intrested in finding out more about p see the supplementary sections . The value of p also allows us to define other ways of measuing angles (in units called radians .)
Area
Again, as for any closed geometric shape, we can also define an area that is enclosed by a circle. This is called the area of the circle and it also depends on the radius of the circle. It is given by:
A = p × r2
Notice that the value of p comes in again into this formula (as it does for any geometrical measurment of a circle). Also important is to compare this with the circumference of a circle. While the circumferene of a circle depends on r its area depends on r2.
This observation is significant in terms of units. The circumference will always have the units of distance, while the area will always of units of distance2. You can read more about this in the section on powers .
Squares, and ...
There are many geometric figures to consider, and in fact we can go in a long divergent path into a full course on geometry on these topics. We will not do that here since this is only a set of quick review pages for the math and geomtery that is useful to know when studying astronomy. So, the final geomtrical figures we will consider are the square and the rectangle.
Squares:
The square is defined to be a closed geomteric figure with opposite sides paralles to each other and adjacent sides perpendicular to each other, and withe constraint that all sides are of the same length! These set of constraints restrict us to the following figure:
The perimeter of the square is simple ... only the sides added together.
Thus: perimeter = L + L + L + L = 4L
The area of the square is also simple ... it's the length of the side squared (or the side multiplied by itself).
Area = L × L = L2
Rectangles:
Rectangles are somewhat the same idea as squares except that the sides need not be equal. Since it is a closed geometric figure with opposite sides paralles and adjacent sides perpendicular then it has a longer side, usually called its lengh =L , and a shorter side, often called its width= W.
Perimeter = sum of sides = L + W + L + W = 2L + 2W
Area = length x width = L × W
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What colour are the French Michelin Guides | Michelin Guide History, restaurant and dining guides, by Provence Beyond
Michelin Guide Scandal
In the first year of the 20th century, with fewer than 3000 automobiles on the primitive roads in France, André and Edouard Michelin decided to offer motorists "a small guide to improve mobility", to facilitate their travels. It would, of course, encourage the development of the automobile industry in France, and increase the demand for Michelin tires and other products.
The first blue book of the "MICHELIN" guide was published by the Michelin brothers in August of 1900. The first edition, with 35,000 copies, was given free to motorists. It listed the petrol stations across France, contained information on garages for the different "marques", where to get your Citroen or Peugeot repaired, where to find supplies and parts, and also where to find toilets, meals and accommodation along the way.
In 1904 the Guide went international, with the publication of the Michelin Guide Belgium. The Britain Guide started in 1911.
The Bureau of Itineraries was created in 1908. This bureau provided motorists with free travel plans. The number of itinerary requests built to 19,000 in 1921 and to 155,000 in 1925.
In 1920 the Michelin Guide went commercial. The story has it (according to the ViaMichelin website) that André Michelin discovered the Guides being used to prop up a workbench in a tire merchant's shop. Deciding that "Man only truly respects what he pays for!", a price was put on the Guide: 7 francs, and advertising was taken out of the Guide.
Also in 1920, the dining part had become so popular, Michelin established a team of anonymous inspectors, and began listing restaurants according to specific classification guidelines.
The star system was born in 1926, with the creation of the dining star. In 1931 the system was expanded with the addition of the second and third stars. By 1936, the definition of the stars was esbablished (one star: 'a very good restaurant in its own category'; two stars: 'excellent cooking, worth a detour'; and three stars: 'exceptional cuisine, worth a special trip') and they haven't change since then.
In 1931 the blue cover was change to the now-familiar red. The famous Michelin Red Guide is available for other European countries () and as of 2006 for New York.
WWII. The following is excerpted from the www.viamichelin.co.uk website:
In spring 1944, while the formidable fleet which would land in Normandy was being organized in England, the Allied Forces feared that their progression would be delayed in French cities where all signage had been taken down or destroyed. After painstaking research and with the go-ahead of the Michelin Paris management, it was decided that the 1939 edition of the Guide — the last on record — would be reprinted. The complete edition, with its hundreds of detailed, up-to-date city maps, was printed in Washington, DC, and distributed amongst the officers. The only difference from the 1939 French edition was the mention on the cover stating 'For official use only'. So it was that on D-Day the troops which would liberate Bayeux, Cherbourg, Caen, St. Lo and France itself landed with the Michelin Guide in hand. Most of these D-Day landing guides have been lost or destroyed in the bombings, others were taken back to the USA by soldiers returning home; there are very few known originals left in Europe. They differ from the initial 1939 edition in that the cover is less rigid, the colour is a lighter, pinkish red, the tyre insert is lacking and there are some comments in English on the cover.
In addition, after the liberation of Paris the Boulevard Pereire bureaus printed over two million maps of the north and east of France, Belgium and Germany, which the Allied Forces used to facilitate the armies' progression.
1945 : The France Michelin Guide was on the shelves in spring. The required paper had been stockpiled, allowing for sales to begin as early as 16 May: one week after V-E Day. A small notice printed on the cover stated, 'This edition, prepared during the war, can not be as complete and precise as our pre-war publications. Nevertheless, it should be useful.'
The Bib Gourmand restaurants came along in 1997, followed soon after by the coins symbol, for restaurants with an affordable fixed-price menu (starter+entree+dessert).
In 2003 the Bib Hotel rating was added, for hotels with good accomodation at moderate prices: under 75€; under 90€ in large towns [2010 prices].
In 2005 the New York City Michelin Guide came out, and in 2007 the first Tokyo Michelin Guide was published. The Hong Kong and Macao Michelin Guide arrived in 2008.
3-Star Restaurants
"Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" ("Une des meilleures tables, vaut le voyage").
In 1995, there were 20 3-star restaurants in France.
2-Star Restaurants
"Excellent cooking, worth a detour" ("Table excellente, mérite un détour").
In 1995, there were 77 2-star restaurants in France.
1-Star Restaurants
| Red |
What type of weapon is a tulwar | Michelin Red Guide, restaurant and dining guides, by Provence Beyond
Michelin Guide Scandal
Michelin's famous Guide Rouge is the annual guide to the "best" restaurants and hotels, according the the Michelin reviewers who crisscross the country, or city, anonymously sampling the dining rooms and bedrooms of the establishments.
There are versions of the Red Guide for the major cities in 23 different countries of the world,. We're interested here in the Michelin Red Guide for France, and especially in how it covers Provence and the South of France.
The hardcover Red Guide France runs to over 2000 pages, with excellent printing on very fine paper. The language is French, but the well-known Michelin icons and symbols are explained in six languages (French, English, Italian, German, Spanish and Japanese). There are excellent color maps of towns to help locate the restaurants and hotel. A separate symbols card is provided; that as well as the attached cloth bookmark are fine usability touches.
In addition to the extensive information on hotels and restaurants, Michelin Red Guides are very handy for motoring information. The town-center maps for towns and cities are excellent, and the guide still lists the automobile garages by marque.
An interesting anecdote has it that the early "worth a detour" or "worth a visit" notation for a restaurant or hotel had the ulterior motive of promoting additional tire wear, a significant factor in early 20th-century motoring.
Being assigned a Michelin star (or two or three) can result in elation, celebration and wealth. The loss of a "star" brings the opposite, and has had dire consequences. For a bit more history, look at "Michelin Guide History" .
Michelin Guide Star System
The Michelin Cuisine Star system judges restaurants on the quality of the cuisine,. Judgements are based on the quality of the ingredients, the quality of the presentation, the combination of flavours and the consistency of culinary standards.
3-Star Restaurants
"Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" ("Une des meilleures tables, vaut le voyage"). You'll get a great meal, and it will probably cost accordingly and it will be an un-hurried event. Only 26 3-star restaurants in France, and only 81 worldwide.
2-Star Restaurants
"Excellent cooking, worth a detour" ("Table excellente, mérite un détour"). You'll probably get a showpiece meal created by a famous chef.
1-Star Restaurants
"A very good restaurant in its category" ("Une très bonne table dans sa catégorie"). At the bottom of the star structure, but still in the top 10 percent of all restaurants. You'll get a good meal at a reasonable price.
The Michelin Red Guide France awarded these stars:
2009: 26, 73, 449 restaurants 3-star, 2-star, 1-star
2006: 26, 70, 425 restaurants 3-star, 2-star, 1-star
2005: 26, 70, 402 restaurants 3-star, 2-star, 1-star
1995: 20, 77, 445 restaurants 3-star, 2-star, 1-star
No-Star Restaurants
About 90 percent of the restaurants in the Michelin Guide Rouge do not obtain a star, but are listed because they still offer a good level of quality, especially with a "good kitchen". Restaurants found to be unacceptable are simply not listed in the Guide.
Other Michelin Ratings
Whether a listed restaurant is or is not awarded a star, it can also be awarded other marks of distinction: Bib for price-quality; fork-spoon for comfort; coin for cost; grapes for good wine.
Red-versus-Black. Any of the ratings presented in red indicates a "pleasance" level as a bonus to the actual rating; it could be a restaurant with a great view or dining room with some additional comfort factor.
Bib Gourmand Restaurants
The Bib Gourmand rating is awarded to restaurants offering good meals at moderate prices, independent of the star system.
Comfort Class of Restaurants
In principle a star-restaurant could be located in a shack with wooden benches and still meet the appropriate culinary requirement, although a French 3-star client does expect tablecloths and crystal wine glasses. The crossed fork-spoon symbol is awarded to restaurants for an added level of comfort, independent of the star rating. A single fork-spoon (couvert) indicates a Quite Comfortable restaurant, up to the 5-fork-spoon symbol for a Luxurious restaurant.
The Non-French Connection
The French edition of the Michelin Red Guide, the most revered and the most feared of the world famous restaurant guides, is controlled by a woman — a very non-French German woman.
In December 2008, Juliane Caspar from Bochum in western Germany was appointed as the new editor-in-chief of the French version of "the guide". Her job is to co-ordinate the Red Guide's team of anonymous inspectors in France with the goal of assigning, re-grading and removing the coveted Michelin stars.
Previous Michelin Star Changes
2006
The 2006 Michelin Guide France awarded a third star for the Maisons de Bricourt (chef Olivier Roellinger) at Cancale in northeastern Britany, and took away another star from Paris' famous Tour d'Argent, now a 1-star restaurant.
The number of one-star restaurants has increased from 402 to 425.
Paris' Lucas Carton (chef Alain Senderens) moved from three to two stars, as the restaurant was changed to a simpler and less-expensive establishment. Paris' La Table (chef Joël Robuchon) gained a second star. Chef Didier Anies' La Coupole in Monte-Carlo obtained its first star, as did his Alelier in Paris, a new style of dining around the bar. A first star was awarded to L'Hostellerie de l'Abbaye de La Celle in La Celle , one of 13 "star" restaurants run by Alain Ducasse.
Four restaurants obtaining two stars were Chez Ruffet at Jurançon (a suburb of Pau in the Pyrenées [ map ]), Le Château de Beaulieu at Béthune (near Lille [ map ]), La Bastide de Capelongue at Bonnieux , and Le Flocon de Sel at Megeve (in the Alps near Mont Blanc [ map ]).
The leading English language source about Provence, France, since 1995
Copyright 1995-2015, Russ Collins - All Rights Reserved.
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Utrecht is a province and provincial capital city in which country | Utrecht - Free definitions by Babylon
Utrecht
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Utrecht
Utrecht (; ) is the capital and most populous city in the Dutch province of Utrecht . It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation and is the fourth largest city in the Netherlands with a population of in .
Video results for the word "Utrecht"
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "Utrecht", to help you become a better English speaker.
1. a city in the central Netherlands
(hypernym) city, metropolis, urban center
(part-holonym) Netherlands, The Netherlands, Kingdom of The Netherlands, Holland
conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands
conventional short form: Netherlands
local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
local short form: Nederland
Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government
Administrative divisions:
12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland (Fryslan), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland
Dependent areas:
Aruba, Netherlands Antilles
Independence:
23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; it was not until 1648 that Spain recognized their independence)
National holiday:
Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Constitution:
adopted 1815; amended many times, last time 2002
Legal system:
civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Laurens Jan BRINKHORST (since 31 March 2005)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
Legislative branch:
bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: First Chamber - last held 25 May 2003 (next to be held May 2007); Second Chamber - last held 22 January 2003 (next to be held May 2007)
election results: First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDA 23, PvdA 19, VVD 15, Green Party 5, Socialist Party 4, D66 3, other 6; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - CDA 28.6%, PvdA 27.3%, VVD 12.9%, Socialist Party 6.3%, List Pim Fortuyn 5.7%, Green Party 5.1%, D66 4.1%; seats by party - CDA 44, PvdA 42, VVD 28, Socialist Party 9, List Pim Fortuyn 8, Green Party 8, D66 6, other 5
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)
Political parties and leaders:
Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime Jacques Marcel VERHAGEN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Boris DITTRICH]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Gerard van AS]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Jozias VAN AARTSEN]; Socialist Party [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; plus a few minor parties
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Netherlands Trade Union Federation (FNV) (consisting of a merger of Socialist and Catholic trade unions); Christian Trade Union Federation (CNV); Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel (MHP); Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; Interchurch Peace Council or IKV; large multinational firms; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises
International organization participation:
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Boudewijn J. VAN EENENNAAM
chancery: 4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 244-5300
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
consulate(s): Boston
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Clifford M. SOBEL
embassy: Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ, The Hague
mailing address: PSC 71, Box 1000, APO AE 09715
telephone: [31] (70) 310-9209
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What was the original purpose of a signet ring | utrecht province : definition of utrecht province and synonyms of utrecht province (English)
6 References
History
In the Middle Ages , most of the area of the current province was ruled by bishops of the Bishopric of Utrecht . The bishopric was founded in 722 by Willibrord . Many wars were fought between Utrecht and the neighbouring counties and duchies, Holland , Guelders and Brabant . In 1527, the bishop of Utrecht sold his worldly power over his territories to Emperor Charles V , who already owned most other Dutch provinces. However, the Habsburg rule did not last long, as Utrecht joined the revolt of the United Provinces against Charles's son Philip II of Spain in 1579. In World War II , Utrecht was held by German forces until the general capitulation of the Germans in the Netherlands on May 5, 1945. It was occupied by Canadian Allied forces on May 7, 1945. The towns of Oudewater , Woerden and Vianen were transferred from the province of South Holland to Utrecht in 1970, 1989 and 2002 respectively.
In February 2011, Utrecht, together with the provinces of North Holland and Flevoland , showed a desire to investigate the feasibility of a merger between the three provinces. [1] This has been positively received by the Dutch cabinet , for the desire to create one Randstad province has already been mentioned in the coalition agreement . [2] The province of South Holland, part of the Randstad urban area, visioned to be part of the Randstad province, [3] and very much supportive of the idea of a merger into one province, [4] is not named. With or without South Holland, if created, the new province would be the largest in the Netherlands in both area and population .
Geography
In the east of Utrecht lies the Utrecht Hill Ridge (Dutch: Utrechtse Heuvelrug), a chain of hills left as lateral moraine by tongues of glacial ice after the Saline glaciation that preceded the last ice age . Because of the scarcity of nutrients in the fast-draining sandy soil, the greatest part of a landscape that was formerly heath has been planted with pine plantations . The south of the province is a river landscape. The west consists mostly of meadows. In the north are big lakes formed by the digging of peat from bogs formed after the last ice age.
Municipalities
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What kind of animal is Olivia Newton John riding on the cover of her Physical album | Olivia Newton-John - Biography
Olivia Newton-John - Biography
Olivia in 1966
Growing up in Australia
Olivia Newton-John was born in Cambridge, England on September 26th 1948; her family moved to Australia when she was 5. Her mother was German, daughter of the physicist Max Born, her father was Welsh, a professor of German at Cambridge and Melbourne. Despite the academic background, early on Olivia showed an interest in singing, forming a band called the Sol Four with some schoolfriends, and later on singing at her brother in law's coffee bar in Australia. She appeared in several Australian TV shows such as The Go Show as a teenager also starred in a movie Funny Things Happen Down Under which was forgettable apart from some early promise shown in Olivia's delightful rendition of "Christmas Down Under".
in Funny Things Happen Down Under
A talent contest hosted by the Australian Johnny O'Keefe offered Olivia the prize of a trip to England, and she took this up in 1965. Her first introduction to making records was a one-off single deal with Decca Records. The single, Till You Say You'll Be Mine/For Ever , is extremely rare though these two songs were available (Oct 1994) on the British compilation CD Pop Inside the 60's .
England did not make Olivia entirely happy - she missed Australia and her then boyfriend, Ian Turpie. In one interview she reports how she attempted to book her return flight without telling her mother, who had accompanied her to the UK. Fortunately for Olivia's fans and her future career her mother was not having her daughter waste this opportunity to broaden her horizons and Olivia's plans were thwarted.
Pat and Olivia in London
with Bruce Welch
Things improved when Pat Carroll, a fellow Australian, arrived in the UK. Dreaming of stardom the two girls played pubs and clubs as the vocal duo imaginatively called "Pat and Olivia". New to the British music scene their initial hirings were not always a success - such as the duo's performance at Paul Raymond's Revue bar. They were somewhat taken aback by the scant attire of some of the other performers. Needless to say the duo who were dressed in high-necked frilly dresses were not asked back to what they later on discovered was a strip joint...
In 1968 Bruce Welch of the Shadows fell for Olivia and they became engaged, something which was not entirely without problems as he was married at the time...
Pat's visa ran out in December 1969 and she returned home. For Olivia, movie stardom beckoned as she was invited to join the band Toomorrow, which was to be Britain's answer to the Monkees. This manufactured group issued an eponymous album in 1970 to go with the film Toomorrow , but the public were not impressed and the movie closed quickly, leaving Olivia to concentrate on her solo music career.
Olivia was invited to be the resident star for Cliff Richard's highly successful TV show in 1972, and she was a regular live performer in London.
Olivia Newton-John's early career in the UK
On the Cliff Richard TV show
The early Seventies was a prolific period for Olivia - her association with Cliff Richard and the Shadows brought her music to a wide audience. Cliff Richard had a regular TV show and Olivia was a regular guest. She released the albums Olivia Newton-John (1971), and Olivia (1972) , Music Makes My Day (1973)
Bruce Welch arranged Olivia's first hit single, a cover of Bob Dylan's If Not For You. This single was Olivia's first taste of success in America, something she was to experience a lot more of in the next few years.
Olivia reached a turning point in her career with the release of Let Me Be There which charted at #6 in America. No longer engaged to Bruce Welch, John Farrar, another member of the Shadows, took up songwriting and arrangement for her and this was a successful team which was soon to take the United States by storm. John Farrar had known Olivia from the early days and he later married Pat Carroll, Olivia's erstwhile singing partner and future business partner.
While holidaying in 1974 in the South of France, Olivia met Lee Kramer, who had a successful business import/export business. The romance developed, and Lee was Olivia's boyfriend and manager for much of the rest of the decade.
Olivia and Lee Kramer
Eurovision 1974
Just before she moved to the United States to build on her burgeoning success there, Olivia represented the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1974. Both song and Olivia's costume on the night were selected by a poll of TV viewers, and the whole mess showed just what was wrong with vox pop artistic taste. A truly awful oompah - oompah song, Long Live Love was chosen, together with a long flowing baby-blue dress for the actual performance.
This time Olivia was up against strong competition - 1974 was the year that ABBA stole the show with a barnstorming performance of their song "Waterloo", which launched their international career. Olivia came fourth.
America calls
America beckoned and Olivia left England in 1975 to a rapturous welcome for her next album " Have You Never Been Mellow ". The title song charted at #1 and her next single from the album, Please Mr Please, reached #3. This was the start of a roll which continued throughout the 70s with a string of gold albums in the US. Olivia was to become a regular on shows like the Midnight Special, and in 1976 she had her own TV special by ABC - A Very Special Olivia Newton-John .
Her US audience had loved her for her soft and delicate delivery of ballads and country songs, and she treated them to a string of albums beautifully sung - Clearly Love , Come On Over , Don't Stop Believin , and Making a Good Thing Better . Olivia toured the United States with the album Clearly Love.
Olivia captured hearts in Japan with her singing as well as in the US - she toured Japan in 1976 with the album Don't Stop Believin'. Japanese listeners had loved her ever since her performance in the 1971 Tokyo Music Fair, and the 1976 concert was released as a live album in Japan titled ' Love Performance '. She won a string of Grammys for her work, and settled in Malibu, near Los Angeles, with a ranch in the mountains.
There she fulfilled a childhood ambition, keeping a number of dogs and horses on the property. As a child, she had not been able to keep many pets despite her love of animals. Her concern for animal welfare spilled over into her professional life when she refused to go to Japan until they amended tuna fishing practices to reduce the needless slaughter of dolphins in the nets.
Grease is the word
Musically, it seemed as if Olivia was at the peak of her career, gathering awards effortlessly. In Los Angeles, a producer was looking for a female lead to play opposite John Travolta in his forthcoming movie adaptation of the stage musical Grease. Olivia was not totally sure about playing in another movie and requested a screen test after she was asked to star. The scene was the drive-in and Olivia wowed Allan Carr. Released in June 1978, Grease went on to become one of the biggest selling musicals of all time and the Grease soundtrack album stormed the charts on both sides of the Atlantic. Her album, Totally Hot , also released in 1978 showed a new musical direction away from her early ballads to more upbeat rock. The album was a great success and Olivia toured America, Japan and Europe with it.
Totally Hot
A muse in
Xanadu
It was always going to be difficult to follow up such a huge success, and Olivia's next movie, Xanadu (1980) , received a panning from the critics and did not draw the public into the cinema. However, the Xanadu soundtrack was a roaring success, with Olivia's song Magic topping the US charts, and the title song, a duet with ELO, also selling well. The movie has since become something of a cult classic, with a small but dedicated following.
The movie did have a personal spin-off for Olivia - she met her future husband, Matt Lattanzi, who was a dancer on the set of Xanadu.
Physical
In 1981 Olivia released the album Physical . The million-selling title track took up residence at #1 on the US charts for weeks - the second-longest run in the top spot. She had some trepidation about how her fans would like the new direction but she needn't have worried - they loved it!
With the aerobic feel of the title track and accompanying video, Olivia's early 80's trademark was the short cropped hair and headband. With the album there was also a full-length video, which was unusual at the time when videos were normally just for individual songs. The album was so successful that when Olivia toured with Physical the next year she played all over America to sell-out audiences.
The 'Physical' look
Two of A Kind
After reaching the pinnacle of her career with Physical, Olivia wanted to take things easier. She was starting to think about other directions - one of them was starting a store with Australian novelties, which was later to turn into the "Koala Blue" fashion chain.
In an attempt to reproduce the box-office magic of 'Grease', Olivia was cast with John Travolta in the movie Two of a Kind . In interviews at the time Olivia said that this was her first opportunity to star in a non-musical movie, but the result was not a cinematic success. Once again, however, the soundtrack of Two of a Kind sold quite well with some strong tracks from Olivia and a pleasant duet with John Travolta.
Olivia married her young live-in boyfriend Matt Lattanzi, around Christmas 1984, after they had lived together for four years. The couple enjoyed a fairytale honeymoon in Paris.
Her next change in musical direction was the sultry risqué approach of " Soulkiss " it was not really a musical success. Bizarrely, the videogram was shot when Olivia was pregnant with daughter Chloe - trying not to show this constrained the artistic freedom of the director somewhat.The album , which featured Olivia in tight riding pants and boots holding a crop on the back cover, stretched things further than the public found credible.
Olivia and Matt
with Chloe
Chloe was born early 1986, and this marked a hiatus in Olivia's music. The period 1986 to 1992 was a lean period in her entertainment career, as she dedicated herself to motherhood, and to developing her business venture, the Koala Blue chain of stores.
Olivia transformed her original idea for a Australian speciality store into a fashion chain. This enterprise was established with fellow-Australian and wife of Olivia's long-time record producer, Pat Farrar, with whom Olivia had started out singing in Britain in the late Sixties and early Seventies. Koala Blue was to be a more family-friendly alternative to an intensive singing career, but it did not last the late '80s/early '90s recession. Olivia chose to expand the franchise chain just as consumers were reining in their expenditure on non-essentials, and the company filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy amid some recriminations.
Music was not totally neglected - in 1988, Olivia brought out " The Rumour ", with the title track penned by Elton John. 1988 was also the year of the Australian Bicentennial, and Olivia made a videogram titled "Down Under" for the Rumour, in which she performed the songs in some stunning Australian settings. The Australian version of the album features the song "It's Always Australia For Me" which is absent from international versions.
Warm And Tender , released in 1989, was not really aimed for the mainstream pop market. An album of children's songs and lullabies, this was really meant for Chloe. It is Olivia's first real musical indulgence, which was released on the Geffen label after MCA refused to run it.
At the 1998 Grease 20th anniversary premiere
Disaster strikes Olivia's comeback plan
Geffen released " Back To Basics, The Essential Collection " in 1992. This was to be Olivia's return to what she did best, a retrospective over her career but featuring four new songs, which Olivia promoted actively, and she was rehearsing to go on tour with the album in the late summer.
The bombshell came on July 2 - Olivia Newton-John had breast cancer. She was taken to hospital and operated on, and then had to undergo a period of chemotherapy. In February the next year she got the all-clear, and went to Australia to recuperate.
Gaia, One Woman's Journey , an intensely personal and upbeat album, was one of the fruits of Olivia's time in Australia out of the limelight. The album was not released in the United States but was widely issued on independent labels elsewhere. Olivia chose to talk about her experiences with breast cancer, so that other women in a similar position could see that survival was possible, and early detection was important.
After her recovery, there were reports of difficulty in Olivia's marriage, which came to a head in 1995 with the announcement that Olivia and husband Matt Lattanzi, were to go their separate ways and eventually divorce. For the next two years Olivia's career was a medley of different directions, with her participating in beauty ads for Home Shopping, a bit part in a US sitcom, an Australian wildlife show titled " Human Nature ", appearing in an Aussie TV series " The Man From Snowy River " and acting in the movie "It's My Party" directed by Grease director Randal Kleiser.
Marae publicity photo
After two years of wandering in the wilderness professionally, Olivia began to feel her way musically once again, with some fine singing for the US Christmas movie "Snowden on Ice", and some private performances at events for CHEC, a charity dear to Olivia's heart. In July 1997 MCA-Nashville signed Olivia for a pop country album, and she recorded a duet with the Raybon Bros "Falling" on their eponymous album.
" Back With a Heart " released in May 1998, found Olivia in fine form with an excellent mix of pop and country.
Teaming up with Cliff Richard in her first live performance for many years, Australian audiences were treated to Cliff and Olivia live in February and March 1998. The end of 1998 saw Olivia with two Australians for the Main Event Tour , a sellout show with extra dates added by popular demand.
It was America's turn in 1999 - starting on New Year's Eve 98/99 with a mini-tour Olivia treated audiences to a set of her greatest hits, followed by a much larger tour of the United States in the summer.
Meanwhile, a new look and a new direction called, with an acting role in Del Shores independent production of the stage play Sordid Lives
live in Las Vegas 99
live in Las Vegas 2000
A new millennium brought a 14-date American tour in the spring/early Summer with a new line-up of songs from her Greatest Hits. Fans in Asia were also thrilled to see Olivia performing in Hong Kong and Korea during the Summer.
The Fall of 2000 saw Olivia singing to her largest audience yet - performing a duet with Australian superstar John Farnham at the Opening Ceremonies of the Sydney Olympic Games . She also performed live at Australian's Carols By Candlelight on Christmas Eve
2001 brought another tour of the United States in celebration of 30 years of music. Also filmed in Queensland, Australia was her next TV movie Wilde Girls . This also starred her daughter Chloe and premiered in November 2001 on Showtime channel. Olivia released "Magic" - a best of compilation and her first Christmas album entitled simply "The Christmas Collection."
Olivia toured the US in 2002 accompanied by a Symphony Orchestra to give a richer sound to her ballads. Olivia also released her first duet album entitled "2" in Australia. Olivia receives an ARIA Award for her contribution to Australian music.
In 2003 Olivia goes full-out touring the world - including USA, Japan and Australia. This continues in 2004 in February and the Fall.
Live 2002
Live 2005
In 2004 Olivia released her Indigo CD - a tribute to the women singers who have influenced Olivia in the early days of her career.
Olivia toured the USA throughout 2004 and 2005, and Australia and Japan in 2006.
Her philanthropic endeavors continue with the promotion of Livkit - a breast cancer awareness aid. She also started raising money for a cancer support centre in Melbourne, Australia to be named after her. In 2006 Olivia was awarded the Order of Australia,she'sd already received the OBE in 1979.
In 2005 Olivia released Stronger Than Before , a CD of life-affirming songs with proceeds going to breast cancer awareness. She follows this positive music with a healing CD " Grace and Gratitude " and her 2007 Christmas Wish album.
The mid-2000s brought challenges for Olivia - boyfriend Patrick McDermott disappeared while on a fishing trip though he was traced years later. However, things were to look up when she took a trip to Peru in 2007 and met John Easterling again. John founded the Amazon Herb Company which makes products using herbs and botanicals from the Amazon. John knows the Amazon well, he has been travelling to the Amazon for over three decades.
Olivia and her husband John Easterling
Olivia married for the second time on June 21, 2008, to entrepreneur "Amazon John" John Easterling, who founded the Amazon Herb Company.
Olivia seems much happier now - this shines through her music and renewed energy. She has dedicated a lot of time to helping to raise awareness and treatment of cancer, particularly breast cancer, with the self-examination aid Livkit, establishing the Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre in Australia and many appearances supporting cancer awareness and fundraising events.
In 2010 Olivia rereleased the album Grace and Gratitude with some new versions of the songs as Grace and Gratitude renewed . We don't often get the chance to compare, but the extra joy in her life shines through when I compare the last track on each version. I loved the 2006 version of Instrument of Peace, but yes, in the 2010 version Olivia does sound renewed!
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Battersea Power Station in London appears on the cover of which Pink Floyd album | Olivia Newton-John (Singer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News
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Newton-John's career soared after she starred in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical Grease in 1978. … Read More
She was offered the lead role of Sandy after meeting producer Allan Carr at a dinner party at Helen Reddy's home. Burned by her Toomorrow experience and concerned that she was too old to play a high school senior (she turned 29 during Grease's 1977 filming), Newton-John insisted on a screen test with the film's co-star, John Travolta. The film accommodated Newton-John's Australian accent by recasting her character from the play's original American Sandy Dumbrowski to Sandy Olson, an Australian who holidays and then moves with her family to the U.S. Newton-John previewed some of the film's soundtrack during her second American network television special, Olivia, featuring guests ABBA and Andy Gibb. Read Less
Grease became the biggest box-office hit of 1978. … Read More
The soundtrack album spent 12 non-consecutive weeks at No. 1 and yielded three Top 5 singles for Newton-John: the platinum "You're The One That I Want" (No. 1 Pop, No. 23 AC) with John Travolta, the gold "Hopelessly Devoted to You" (No. 3 Pop, No. 20 Country, No. 7 AC) and the gold "Summer Nights" (No. 5 Pop, No. 21 AC) with John Travolta and the film's cast. The former two songs were written and composed by Newton-John's long-time music producer, John Farrar, specifically for the film. ("Summer Nights" was from the original play written by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey.) Newton-John became the second woman (after Linda Ronstadt in 1977) to have two singles â "Hopelessly Devoted to You" and "Summer Nights" â in the Billboard Top 5 simultaneously. Newton-John's performance earned her a People's Choice Award for Favourite Film Actress. Read Less
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The film's popularity has endured through the years. It was re-released for its 20th anniversary in 1998 and ranked as the second highest-grossing film behind Titanic in its opening weekend. It was most recently re-released in July 2010 as a sing-along version in select American theatres. The soundtrack still sells strongly enough to often appear on Billboard Top Soundtracks chart. <br /><br />In June 2006, Newton-John's company ON-J Productions Ltd filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Group for $1 million in unpaid royalties from the "Grease" soundtrack. <br /><br />Newton-John's transformation in Grease from goody-goody "Sandy 1" to spandex-clad "Sandy 2" emboldened Newton-John to do the same with her music career. Read Less
In November 1978, she released her next studio album, Totally Hot, which became her first solo Top 10 (No. 7) album since Have You Never Been Mellow. … Read More
Dressed on the cover all in leather, the album's singles "A Little More Love" (No. 3 Pop, No. 94 Country, No. 4 AC), "Deeper than the Night" (No. 11 Pop, No. 87 Country, No. 4 AC), and the title track (No. 52 Pop) all demonstrated a more aggressive and uptempo sound for Newton-John. Although the album de-emphasised country, it still reached No. 4 on the Country Albums chart. Newton-John released the B-side, "Dancin' 'Round and 'Round," of the "Totally Hot" single to Country radio peaking at No. 29 (as well as No. 82 Pop and No. 25 AC), becoming her last charted solo Country airplay single to date. Read Less
THIRTIES
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The success of Physical led to an international tour and the release of her second hits collection, the double platinum Olivia's Greatest Hits Vol. 2 (No. 16 Pop), which yielded two more Top 40 singles: "Heart Attack" (No. 3 Pop) and "Tied Up" (No. 38 Pop). Read Less
The tour was filmed for her Olivia in Concert television special which premiered on HBO in January 1983. … Read More
The special was subsequently released to video earning Newton-John another Grammy nomination. Read Less
Newton-John re-teamed with Travolta in 1983 for the critically and commercially unsuccessful Two of a Kind, redeemed by its platinum soundtrack (No. 26 Pop) featuring "Twist of Fate" (No. 5 Pop), "Livin' in Desperate Times" (No. 31 Pop), and a new duet with Travolta, "Take a Chance" (No. 3 AC). … Read More
Newton-John released another video package, the Grammy-nominated Twist of Fate, featuring videos of her four songs on the Two of a Kind soundtrack and the two new singles from Olivia's Greatest Hits Vol. 2.<br /><br /> That same year Newton-John and Pat Carroll founded Koala Blue. The store, originally for Australian imports, evolved into a chain of women's clothing boutiques. The chain was initially successful, but it eventually declared bankruptcy and closed in 1992. Newton-John and Farrar would later license the brand name for a line of Australian produced wines, confections, and bed/bath products. Read Less
1984 35 Years Old Newton-John married her long-time boyfriend, actor Matt Lattanzi, in December 1984; they divorced in 1995. … Read More
The couple had met four years earlier while filming Xanadu. Their daughter, Chloe Rose Lattanzi, was born in January 1986.<br /><br /> Newton-John, a Carlton Football Club fan, performed the Australian national anthem at the 1986 VFL Grand Final between Carlton and Hawthorn Read Less
1985 36 Years Old Newton-John's music career cooled again with the release of her next studio album, the gold Soul Kiss (No. 29 Pop), in 1985. … Read More
The album's only charted single was the title track (No. 20 Pop, No. 20 AC). Due to her pregnancy, Newton-John limited her publicity for the album. The video album for Soul Kiss featured only five of the album's ten tracks (concept videos for the album's singles "Soul Kiss" and "Toughen Up" as well as performance videos of the tracks "Culture Shock", "Emotional Tangle" and "The Right Moment"). Read Less
1988 39 Years Old After a nearly three-year hiatus following the birth of Chloe, Newton-John resumed her recording career with the 1988 album, The Rumour. … Read More
The album was promoted by an HBO special, Olivia Down Under, and its first single, the title track, was written and produced by Elton John. Read Less
FORTIES
1989 - 1991 2 More Events
1989 40 Years Old Both the single (No. 62 Pop, No. 33 AC) and the album (No. 67 Pop) fizzled as the nearly 40-year-old Newton-John seemed "old" when compared with the teen queens Debbie Gibson and Tiffany ruling the Pop charts at that time. (Ironically, this album was praised by critics as more mature with Newton-John addressing topics such as AIDS, the environment and single-parent households.) The second single, "Can't We Talk It Over in Bed", did not chart, but was released in 1989 by Grayson Hugh, the song's arranger, as "Talk It Over" becoming a Top 20 Pop hit. … Read More
A year later, Newton-John recorded her self-described "self-indulgent" album, Warm and Tender. Inspired by her daughter, who appeared on the album cover, the album featured lullabies and love songs for parents and their children. This album, the last one produced by John Farrar, also failed to revive her recording career struggling to No. 124 Pop.<br /><br /> Newton-John was primed for another comeback in 1992 when she compiled her third hits collection, Back to Basics â The Essential Collection 1971â1992, and planned her first tour since her Physical trek ten years earlier. Shortly after the album's release, Newton-John was diagnosed with breast cancer forcing her to cancel all publicity for the album including the tour. (Newton-John received her diagnosis the same weekend her father died.) Newton-John recovered and since became an advocate for breast cancer research and other health issues. She is a product spokesperson for the Liv-Kit, a breast self-examination product. She is also partial owner of the Gaia Retreat and Spa in Byron Bay, Australia. Read Less
1991 42 Years Old …
Newton-John's advocacy for health issues was presaged by her prior involvement with many humanitarian causes. Newton-John cancelled a 1978 concert tour of Japan to protest the slaughter of dolphins caught in tuna fishing nets. (She subsequently rescheduled the tour when the Japanese government assured her the matter was being addressed.) She was a performer on the 1979 Music for UNICEF Concert for the UN' International Year of the Child televised worldwide. During the concert, artists performed songs for which they donated their royalties, some in perpetuity, to benefit the cause. She was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador to the United Nations Environment Programme. Read Less
In 1991, she became the National Spokesperson for the Colette Chuda Environmental Fund/CHEC (Children's Health Environmental Coalition) following the death of four-year-old Colette Chuda, a family friend, from cancer. (Chuda was featured along with Newton-John and daughter Chloe on the cover of Newton-John's Warm and Tender album.)
1994 45 Years Old Newton-John's cancer diagnosis also affected the type of music she recorded. In 1994, she released Gaia: One Woman's Journey which chronicled her ordeal. … Read More
This was the first album on which Newton-John wrote all of the songs encouraging her to become more active as a songwriter thereafter. In 2005, she released Stronger Than Before, sold exclusively in the U.S. by Hallmark. Proceeds from the album's sales benefited breast cancer research. The album featured the song "Phenomenal Woman" based on the poem by Maya Angelou that featured guest vocals from Diahann Carroll, Beth Nielsen Chapman, Delta Goodrem, Amy Holland, Patti LaBelle and Mindy Smith â all survivors of or affected by cancer.<br /><br /> The following year, Newton-John released a healing CD, Grace and Gratitude. The album was sold exclusively by Walgreens also benefitting various charities including Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization. The CD was the "heart" of their Body â Heart â Spirit Wellness Collection which also featured a re-branded Liv-Kit and breast-health dietary supplements. Newton-John re-recorded some tracks from Grace and Gratitude in 2010 and re-released the album as Grace and Gratitude Renewed on the Green Hill music label. The Renewed CD includes a new track, "Help Me to Heal," not featured on the original album. The Renewed CD yielded Newton-John's first appearances on the Billboard Christian Albums (No. 36), Christian & Gospel Albums (No. 54) and New Age Albums (No. 2) charts. Read Less
1995 46 Years Old Newton-John met gaffer/cameraman Patrick McDermott a year after her 1995 divorce from Matt Lattanzi. … Read More
The couple dated on and off for nine years. McDermott disappeared following a 2005 fishing trip off the Californian coast. Various theories abounded regarding his disappearance ranging from his death by accident or foul play to McDermott staging his disappearance to avoid child support payments to his ex-wife, actress Yvette Nipar. Newton-John, who was in Australia at her Gaia Retreat & Spa at the time of his disappearance, was never a suspect in McDermott's disappearance and has refused to comment on any speculation. A US Coast Guard investigation released in 2008 "suggested McDermott was lost at sea," although some have claimed contact with McDermott since his disappearance. Read Less
Show Less
Newton-John was listed as president of the Isle of Man Basking Shark Society between 1998 and 2005.
Newton-John continued to record and perform pop-oriented music as well. In 1998, she returned to Nashville to record Back with a Heart (No. 59 Pop). … Read More
The album returned her to the Top 10 (No. 9) on the Country Albums chart. Its first single was a re-recording of "I Honestly Love You" produced by David Foster and featuring Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds on background vocals that charted Pop (No. 67) and AC (No. 18). Country radio dismissed the song, though it did peak at No. 16 on the Country Sales chart. Read Less
FIFTIES
1999 50 Years Old The album track, "Love Is a Gift," won Newton-John a 1999 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Song after being featured on the daytime serial, As the World Turns. … Read More
Newton-John's subsequent secular albums were released primarily in Australia. Newton-John, John Farnham and Anthony Warlow toured Australia as The Main Event. The live album won an ARIA Award for Highest Selling Australian CD and was also nominated for Best Adult Contemporary Album. Read Less
Show Less
Newton-John released another concert DVD, Olivia Newton-John and the Sydney Symphony: Live at the Sydney Opera House, and a companion CD, Olivia's Live Hits, in January 2008. … Read More
An edited version of the DVD premiered on PBS station, WLIW (Garden City, New York), in October 2007 and subsequently aired nationally during the network's fund-raising pledge drives. This was Newton-John's third live album after the 1981 Japanese release, Love Performance, and her 2000 Australian release, One Woman's Live Journey. Read Less
In 2008, Newton-John took part in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about her Welsh family history.
In June 2008, Newton-John secretly wed John ("Amazon John") Easterling, founder and president of natural remedy firm, Amazon Herb Company.
LATE ADULTHOOD
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Which Beatle holds a trumpet on the Sergeant Pepper album cover | The Beatles Website.com: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison.. e-card, tab, album, cartoon, chords, lyrics, midi, quotes, merchandise, bealtes, beatle, bealte, ecard, star and more! Buy and Auction!
The Story Behind the Cover
(as told by Peter Blake)
The Beatles already had a cover designed by a Dutch group called the Fool, but my gallery dealer, Robert Fraser, said to Paul, "Why don't you use a 'fine artist', a professional, to do the cover instead?" Paul rather liked the idea and I was asked to do it. The concept of the album had already evolved: it would be as though the Beatles were another band, performing a concert, perhaps in a park. I then thought that we could have a crowd standing behind them, and this developed into the collage idea.
I asked them to make lists of people they'd most like to have in the audience at this imaginary concert. John's was interesting because it included Jesus and Ghandi and, more cynically, Hitler. But this was just a few months after the US furor about his 'Jesus' statement, so they were all left out. George's list was all gurus. Ringo said, "Whatever the others say is fine by me", because he didn't really want to be bothered. Robert Fraser and I also made lists. We then got all the photographs together and had life-size cut-outs made onto hardboard.
EMI realized that because many of the people we were depicting were still alive, we might be sued for not seeking their permission. So the Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, who was very wary of all the complications in the first place, had his assistant write to everyone. Mae West replied, "No, I won't be in it. What would I be doing in a lonely hearts club?" So the Beatles wrote her a personal letter and she changed her mind.
Robert Fraser was a business partner of Micheal Cooper, an excellent photographer, so he was commissioned to do the shoot. I worked in his studio for a fortnight constructing the collage, fixing the top row to the back wall and putting the next about six inches in front and so on, so that we got a tiered effect. Then we put in the palm tree and the other little objects. I wanted to have the waxworks of the Beatles because I thought they might be looking at Sgt. Pepper's band too. The boy who delivered the floral display asked if he could contribute by making a guitar out of hyacinths, and the little girl wearing the 'Welcome the Rolling Stones, Good Guys' sweatshirt was a cloth figure of Shirley Temple, the shirt coming from Michael Cooper's young son Adam. The Beatles arrived during the evening of March 30. We had a drink, they got dressed and we did the session. It took about three hours in all, including the shots for the center fold and back cover. I'm not sure how much it all cost. One reads exaggerated figures. I think Robert Fraser was paid 1500 pounds by EMI, and I got about 200 pounds. People say to me, "You must have made a lot of money on it" but I didn't because Robert signed away the copyright. But it has never mattered too much because it was such a wonderful thing to have done.
© A "Fab Four and More" Website - TheBeatlesWebsite.com 2012
| Ringo Starr |
Which Oasis album cover shows a Rolls Royce in a swimming pool | "Paul Is Dead": The Clues in Beatles Album Covers
Updated May 01, 2016.
"Paul Is Dead": The Clues on Beatles Album Covers
Here are the clues that Beatles fans "found" in the band's album covers to convince themselves that Paul McCartney died as early as 1966 and was replaced by a lookalike named Billy Shears. Since all accounts of the "Paul is Dead" story have Paul dying no earlier than fall of 1966, clues will be limited here to albums that came out after Paul's supposed demise -- although that inconsistency hasn't stopped fans from "finding" PID "clues" as far back as 1964's A Hard Day's Night album. Since it's possible for creative minds to read anything into anything, this list focuses on the main clues that are repeated most often by PID believers and non-believers. Clues which are based on clearly false information are listed in italics.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Front cover
The "new" Paul (called Faul by Paul is Dead believers) is shown with a hand over his head. Throughout the Beatles' later period, pictures and drawings of Paul surfaced featuring a hand over his head. This is an Eastern religion's way of symbolizing evil or death. (Not true.) None of the other Beatles have a hand over their heads in any officially released picture or drawing after the fall of 1966.
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Paul is the only Beatle holding a black musical instrument.
A group of hyacinths forms a guitar, positioned as a left-handed musician would play it. Paul is the only left-handed Beatle. The guitar only has three strings, representing the three remaining Beatles. The flowers also spell "Paul?" (This arrangement was the brainstorm of the floral assistant, who decided on the spot to create a guitar from flowers.)
Hold a mirror up to the exact middle of the bass drum that features the "Sgt. Pepper" logo, horizontally, and it spells out "I ONE IX HE DIE." This refers to the date of Paul's death -- November 9th. (Some suggest that since the British system of dates puts the day and not the month first, this would make the date of Paul's death September 11th, which has morbid connotations already. It also fits in with the fact that the band was completely inactive from August 29, 1966 until September 14, 1966, a period of isolation unmatched in their history.)
Back cover
Paul's back is to the camera, while the rest of the Beatles are facing the camera. This is a reference to Paul's death. (Outtakes from the photo sessions show many different positions, most of which feature Paul facing the camera.)
George "points" to the lyric "Wednesday morning at five o' clock," the day and time of the crash. Read across that line from left to right and you receive several clues in a row: "Somebody calls you, you answer quite slowly," "Wednesday Morning at five o'clock as the day begins," "Life flows on within you and without you," "You're on your own, you're in the street."
Inside gatefold
"Paul" is wearing a patch which says "OPD." This is Canadian for "Officially Pronounced Dead." (All four Beatles had received this patch, which actually reads "OPP" and stands for "Ontario Provincial Police.")
Magical Mystery Tour
Front cover
Paul is dressed as a walrus. The walrus, in India, is a symbol of death. (Not true.) His arms are spread wide, as in a crucifixion.
Turn the cover upside down and the word "Beatles" spells out "537-1438," or "231-7438," or, backwards, 834-7132. This is a phone number that, when dialed, leads to an answering machine message featuring more clues. (Try it yourself.)
Original album booklet
In the tracklisting, under "I Am The Walrus," is written in longhand "'No you're not!' said little Nicola." Little Nicola is a character in the accompanying MMT film, but she never says this to John. Paul is the Walrus in the film. The walrus, in India, is a symbol of death. (Not true.)
On Page 2 Paul sits in front of a sign reading "I You Was." No explanation is given.
On Page 9 the word "Hill" runs down the side of the cartoon Paul's head, in red. This is a reference to his massive head injury suffered in the crash.
On Page 13 Paul is pictured without shoes, a sign of death. (Not true.) The shoes are to his left, and, some say, covered in a blood-red substance.
On Page 23, and in the "Your Mother Should Know" portion of the film, Paul is wearing a black carnation. The other Beatles are all wearing red ones.
The Beatles (known as "The White Album")
Poster
There is a picture of "Paul" with a mustache and glasses which is actually William Campbell before his Paul makeover.
There is a picture of Paul in the bathtub which parallels how his corpse looked after the crash.
Yellow Submarine
Front cover
A hand is over Paul's head on the cover cartoon. This is an Eastern religion's way of symbolizing evil or death. (Not true.)
Abbey Road
Front cover
Paul is barefoot, which is how corpses are buried. John, in white, represents the preacher, George, in denim, represents the gravedigger, Ringo, all in black, represents the pallbearer. (No pun intended.)
Paul's eyes are closed, he's walking out of step with the others, and smoking a cigarette in the "wrong" hand (Paul being a leftie).
The license plate on the Volkswagon reads "LMW 28IF." Paul would have been 28 IF he was still alive. (Paul was 27.)
Back cover
The dots to the left of the "B" in "Beatles" can be connected to form a "3," indicating that there are now only three Beatles.
There's a crack running through the word "Beatles," and a skull barely visible to the right of the sign.
Let It Be
Front cover
The other Beatles are pictured on a white background; Paul's background is blood-red. Supposedly, there are few visual clues on this album since it was released after the PID furor died down.
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Who named the colours of the rainbow | What is the order of colors in a rainbow? | eNotes
What is the order of colors in a rainbow?
unkyd | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Adjunct Educator
Posted on
February 17, 2012 at 8:00 AM
A rainbow is made by the reflection and refraction of light that interacts with raindrops. Depending on how this interaction occurs with your location relative to the sun and the raindrops you may see a primary and even a secondary rainbow.
The interaction that occurs to create the primary rainbow will produce a spectrum of colors in order Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo -Violet (ROY G BIV) with Red occuring on the outside edge of the rainbow to Violet occuring on the insdie edge (closest to the center) of the rainbow.
The extra reflection that occurs to produce the secondary rainbow causes the colors to reverse order. So on the secondary rainbow Red will occur on the inside edge followed by Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, then Violet on the outside edge of the secondary rainbow.
Check the sites below if you want to see a little more detail on how this works.
Sources:
triteamdan | Teacher | (Level 2) Adjunct Educator
Posted on
February 18, 2012 at 8:21 AM
Isaac Newton, to whom we owe a great deal of gratitude for his pioneering work on what light is and how colors combine to make the rainbow, summarized it as you have seen in other answers to this questions: Red -- Orange -- Yellow -- Green -- Blue -- Indigo -- and Violet. However this can be a little misleading for two reasons.
1. There are actually many more colors in the rainbow than we have names for. Our eyes are capable of distinguishing millions of individual shades of color!
2. When we think about the rainbow in the ROYGBIV colors, we usually make a mistake. What many people call "blue" in the rainbow is actually cyan, you know, like what you use in your color printer. Cyan stimulates the parts of our eye that see green and blue equally. Your computer monitor that you are looking at right now produces cyan by combining equal light levels of green and blue as well. The actual pure blue, is what Newton unfortunately referred to as "indigo." So in terms of what colors are actually there, a more accurate summary of the rainbow would be Red -- Orange -- Yellow -- Green -- Cyan -- Blue -- Violet
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September 6, 2013 at 2:51 AM
The order of the rainbow is ROYGBIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet). It is caused by a breakup of white light wavelenght (all colors) when it hits water. It is refracted as it passes through the water droplets in the sky (moisture after rain) and breaks into 7 different sizes of wavelenghts. The largest of the color wavelenght is Red and the smallest is Violet. They have the different sizes due to the amount of energy they come with as they travel from the sun to our eyes!
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VIBGYOR: This is the easiest way to remember.
Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red.
You must remember though that red is the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum and appears at the top of rainbows and to the left-hand side on a horizontal wavelength spectrum while violet is the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum and appears on the bottom of rainbows and to the right-hand side on a horizontal wavelength spectrum. So, reading left to right, the order of the colors is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet:
ROYGBIV
These are the seven colours on the visible spectrum. Beyond violet are the ultraviolet rays and before red are the infrared rays.
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October 10, 2011 at 4:00 PM
A rainbow is composed of the entire spectrum of colors of visible light, from the longest wavelength, red, to the shortest wavelength, violet. The order of colors in a rainbow is easiest to remember by the following mnemonic (a formula that helps one remember something): ROY G. BIV. R=red, O=orange, Y=yellow, G=green, B=blue, I = indigo, and V=violet. Red is at the top edge of the rainbow and violet is at the bottom edge, with the other colors in between.
Rainbows are created both by reflection and refraction (bending) of sunlight in raindrops. As sunlight enters a raindrop, it bends and it is separated into its constituent colors (the colors that comprise white light [ROY G. BIV]. Some of the light—that which travels at a "critical" angle—is reflected off the back of the raindrop. (A "critical" angle is the angle at which sunlight must strike the back of the raindrop, in order to be reflected back to the front of the drop.) Each color strikes the back of the raindrop at a slightly different angle, thus each color emerges from the front of the raindrop at a slightly different angle.
Only one color exits from each raindrop at the exact angle necessary to reach the observer's eye. An observer sees only one color at a time reflecting from each raindrop. For this reason, it takes millions of raindrops to create a rainbow.
Sources: Ahrens, C. Donald. Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, 5th ed., pp. 100-103; Engelbert, Phillis. The Complete Weather Resource, vol. 2, pp. 331, 333; Schaefer, Vincent J., and John A. Day. A Field Guide to the Atmosphere, p. 163; World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 16, p. 128.
Source: UXL Science Fact Finder, ©1998 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright .
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| Isaac Newton |
The American contract Killer Richard Leonard Kulinski was known by what cold sounding name | All the colours of the rainbow...
Under 11s > Our world > All the colours of the rainbow
All the colours of the rainbow...
You can make them appear and disappear!
Watch what happens in this video of a Newton colour wheel:
Did you see? When the wheel speeds up it appears white. When the wheel slows down, the colours reappear. Why?
Isaac Newton is responsible for this theory - as well as the theory of gravity, his three laws of motion, the reflecting telescope and calculus. He definitely kept himself busy!
Isaac Newton
Before Newton, nobody knew that visible light was made up of seven different colours. People thought that light was just 'light' and that colours were a mixture of light and darkness. They thought that bright red was 'light' with just a little bit of 'darkness' and that deep blue was pretty much all 'darkness'. But...they were wrong!
Have you ever seen a small rainbow on a wall in your house or school? This is formed when light is bent (refracted) through a prism (a glass object with flat, polished surfaces). The prism causes the visible light to bend, or refract. The violet light is bent more than the red and yellow light, so the colours separate. These colours - all the colours of the rainbow - make up visible light.
Visible light bent (refracted) by a prism (cc) WebExhibits
Newton used a prism to split up light into the colours of the rainbow and project the rainbow onto a wall. To prove that the prism wasn't colouring visible light, he then used another prism to refract, or bend, the light back together again. This caused all the colours to merge back together into what we call visible, or white, light. Pretty impressive, right?
Newton colour wheel
A similar thing happens when you spin a Newton colour wheel. When the colour wheel spins rapidly, the colors merge into each other very fast and our brain is not able to distinguish between the different individual colors. So, what do you get when all the colours of the rainbow are merged together? White (or visible) light!
Why not make the colours of the rainbow disappear with a New ton colour wheel and amaze your friends and family?
| i don't know |
What was the name of the wife of convicted serial killer Dr Harold Shipman, who murdered over 200 OAP's in his home town of Hyde in Cheshire | Tredegar Forum - uncle bobs quiz 2 the answers
Tredegar Forum
1) Which naturally occurring substance measures a maximum ten on Moh's Scale of Hardness � Diamond
2) What is the name of the target object in the game of bowls � Jack
3) Which group's first hit was Seven Seas of Rhye in 1974 � Queen
4) What is the name given to an unreturnable serve in a game of tennis or badminton � Ace
5) What is the name of the largest extinct volcano known- Olympus Mons (it's on mars)
6) What was the name of the wife of convicted serial killer Dr Harold Shipman�who murdered over 200 OAP's in his home town of Hyde in Cheshire � Primrose
7) Which part of the eye gives it colour � Iris
8) In Greek Mythology who fell in love with his own reflection � Narcissus
9) What is the name of the character played by Patricia Routledge in �Keeping Up Appearances� � Hyacinth Bucket
10) What was the highest mountain before Everest was discovered? still Everest
11) According to the nursery rhyme, what was used to fix Jack�s head after he fell down the hill � Vinegar & Brown Paper
12) In which Disney animation does the character of Thomas O�Malley appear � �The Aristocats�
13) Which 70�s Children�s TV programme was based around the adventures of some children with an abandoned London Bus � �The Double Deckers�
14) Which of the seven dwarves wore glasses � Doc
15) Who was head of the Clanger family � Major Clanger16) Who was head of the Wombles family � Great Uncle Bulgaria
17) What breed of dog is �Scooby Doo� � Great Dane
18) Which comic book character scored over 5000 goals in a career that lasted from 1954 � 1993 � Roy Of the Rovers (Roy Race)
19) What is the motto of the Boy Scouts � �Be Prepared�
20) What is the motto of the Girl Guides � �Be Prepared�
look out for uncle bobs quiz 3 answers next Saturday
| Primrose |
Which serial killer was known as The Lady Killer | Tredegar Forum - uncle bobs quiz 2 the answers
Tredegar Forum
1) Which naturally occurring substance measures a maximum ten on Moh's Scale of Hardness � Diamond
2) What is the name of the target object in the game of bowls � Jack
3) Which group's first hit was Seven Seas of Rhye in 1974 � Queen
4) What is the name given to an unreturnable serve in a game of tennis or badminton � Ace
5) What is the name of the largest extinct volcano known- Olympus Mons (it's on mars)
6) What was the name of the wife of convicted serial killer Dr Harold Shipman�who murdered over 200 OAP's in his home town of Hyde in Cheshire � Primrose
7) Which part of the eye gives it colour � Iris
8) In Greek Mythology who fell in love with his own reflection � Narcissus
9) What is the name of the character played by Patricia Routledge in �Keeping Up Appearances� � Hyacinth Bucket
10) What was the highest mountain before Everest was discovered? still Everest
11) According to the nursery rhyme, what was used to fix Jack�s head after he fell down the hill � Vinegar & Brown Paper
12) In which Disney animation does the character of Thomas O�Malley appear � �The Aristocats�
13) Which 70�s Children�s TV programme was based around the adventures of some children with an abandoned London Bus � �The Double Deckers�
14) Which of the seven dwarves wore glasses � Doc
15) Who was head of the Clanger family � Major Clanger16) Who was head of the Wombles family � Great Uncle Bulgaria
17) What breed of dog is �Scooby Doo� � Great Dane
18) Which comic book character scored over 5000 goals in a career that lasted from 1954 � 1993 � Roy Of the Rovers (Roy Race)
19) What is the motto of the Boy Scouts � �Be Prepared�
20) What is the motto of the Girl Guides � �Be Prepared�
look out for uncle bobs quiz 3 answers next Saturday
| i don't know |
Joseph Wiseman played which James Bond villain | Joseph Wiseman obituary | Film | The Guardian
Joseph Wiseman obituary
Versatile character actor best remembered on screen as James Bond's adversary Dr No
‘I thought it might be just another grade-B Charlie Chan mystery,’ said Wiseman of his role in Dr No.
Tuesday 20 October 2009 13.33 EDT
First published on Tuesday 20 October 2009 13.33 EDT
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Despite the fact that Joseph Wiseman, who has died aged 91, appeared in dozens of movies and countless TV series and had only 20 minutes of screen time in Dr No (1962), it is for his performance in that film, as the eponymous adversary to James Bond in the first movie of the series, based on the books by Ian Fleming, that he will best be remembered.
Dressed in a white Nehru jacket with a pair of shiny black, prosthetic hands, the result of a "misfortune", Wiseman was cool and calculating as the half-German, half-Chinese arch enemy of 007, played by Sean Connery, and one of the most effective of Bond villains. Dr Julius No is a member of Spectre – the Special Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, Extortion. "The four great cornerstones of power headed by the greatest brains in the world," he explains. "Correction. Criminal brains," says Bond. "A successful criminal brain is always superior. It has to be," retorts Dr No.
Wiseman was fortunate that Noël Coward, a friend and neighbour of Fleming's in Jamaica, where the film was set, turned the role down, saying, "Doctor No? No. No. No." Of his most famous role, Wiseman said: "I had no idea what I was letting myself in for. I had no idea it would achieve the success it did. I know nothing about mysteries. I don't take to them. As far as I was concerned, I thought it might be just another grade-B Charlie Chan mystery."
Wiseman was born in Montreal, Canada, and his family subsequently moved to the US. He started his acting career on stage in his late teens, making his Broadway debut as part of the ensemble in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1938), with Raymond Massey in the title role. There followed parts in three plays by Maxwell Anderson: Journey to Jerusalem (1940), Candle in the Wind (1941) and Joan of Lorraine (1946), and he was the eunuch Mardian in Antony and Cleopatra (1947), directed by and starring Kathleen Cornell.
But it was his role on stage in Sidney Kingsley's Detective Story (1949) that launched his film career, during which he typically played slightly crazy off-beat characters. Wiseman, in a loud striped suit, was both sleazy and comic as the lowlife burglar, becoming hysterical when interrogated by overzealous policeman Ralph Bellamy. He repeated the role in William Wyler's 1951 film version, starring Kirk Douglas, without toning down his manic stage performance.
This coiled-up energy proved to be highly effective in Elia Kazan's Viva Zapata! (1952), in which he played the opportunistic journalist and agent provocateur who finally betrays Emiliano Zapata (Marlon Brando). He continued to steal scenes in two rather risible biblical epics, as an imposing priest in The Silver Chalice (1954), Paul Newman's debut picture, and as a wily beggar in The Prodigal (1955). Around the same time, Wiseman was able to reveal more of his talent on stage. He played Edmund to Louis Calhern's King Lear; the gangster Eddie Fuselli in a revival of Clifford Odets's Golden Boy (1952), and The Inquisitor in Jean Anouih's The Lark (1955), with Julie Harris as Joan of Arc.
In 1960, returning to movies, Wiseman had a typically flashy role as a one-eyed, deranged itinerant evangelist armed with the "Sword of God" in John Huston's western The Unforgiven. Then, in 1962, came The Happy Thieves, in which, third-billed after Rita Hayworth and Rex Harrison, he seemed to have some fun as a master forger, and the infamous Dr No. It was six years before Wiseman made another movie.
Making up for lost time, he appeared in seven films within a few years. Apart from playing ruthless Italian gangsters in Stiletto (1969) and The Valachi Papers (1972), Wiseman created a niche for himself portraying a variety of Jewish characters. In The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), Wiseman is the bemused Jewish owner of the notorious burlesque theatre, who disapproves of his son's introducing striptease.
Bye Bye Braverman (1968) saw him as a pedantic lecturer on his way to a friend's funeral. Of his performance, Time magazine wrote that Wiseman "wears an expression of perpetual disgust, as if he were forever smelling fried ham … What picture there is for stealing is burgled by Wiseman with his portrayal of a stereotypical littérateur … As lofty as Edmund Wilson, he pronounces Jehovah-like judgments on literature and humanity."
Back in Canada for The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (1974), Wiseman played a Trotskyite owner of a blouse factory, who calls his nephew (Richard Dreyfuss) "a pushy Jewish boy".
On Broadway, Wiseman originated the role of LeDuc, a Jewish psychotherapist, in Arthur Miller's Incident at Vichy (1964), who asserts that "the Jew is only the name we give to that stranger within everyone". Also on Broadway was his Drama Desk award-winning performance in the title role of In the Matter of J Robert Oppenheimer (1969).
Wiseman continued to be active on television throughout his career, notably in Crime Story (1986-88) as the menacing gang boss Manny Weisbord. In his later years, Wiseman would often give readings of Yiddish writers, and his last stage performance was in 2002 at a gala concert called Yiddish in America at the New York town hall. His last Broadway appearance had been the previous year, as a prosecution witness in Abby Mann's stage adaptation of his film drama Judgment at Nuremberg.
Wiseman's first marriage, to Nell Kennard, ended in divorce, and he is survived by his daughter, Martha, by that marriage, and his sister Ruth. His second wife, the dancer, teacher and choreographer Pearl Lang, died last February.
•Joseph Wiseman, actor, born 15 May 1918; died 19 October 2009
| Julius No |
Who is Alexander Armstrong's comedy partner, who also starred in the first series of TV show Death In Paradise | Joseph Wiseman obituary | Film | The Guardian
Joseph Wiseman obituary
Versatile character actor best remembered on screen as James Bond's adversary Dr No
‘I thought it might be just another grade-B Charlie Chan mystery,’ said Wiseman of his role in Dr No.
Tuesday 20 October 2009 13.33 EDT
First published on Tuesday 20 October 2009 13.33 EDT
Share on Messenger
Close
Despite the fact that Joseph Wiseman, who has died aged 91, appeared in dozens of movies and countless TV series and had only 20 minutes of screen time in Dr No (1962), it is for his performance in that film, as the eponymous adversary to James Bond in the first movie of the series, based on the books by Ian Fleming, that he will best be remembered.
Dressed in a white Nehru jacket with a pair of shiny black, prosthetic hands, the result of a "misfortune", Wiseman was cool and calculating as the half-German, half-Chinese arch enemy of 007, played by Sean Connery, and one of the most effective of Bond villains. Dr Julius No is a member of Spectre – the Special Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, Extortion. "The four great cornerstones of power headed by the greatest brains in the world," he explains. "Correction. Criminal brains," says Bond. "A successful criminal brain is always superior. It has to be," retorts Dr No.
Wiseman was fortunate that Noël Coward, a friend and neighbour of Fleming's in Jamaica, where the film was set, turned the role down, saying, "Doctor No? No. No. No." Of his most famous role, Wiseman said: "I had no idea what I was letting myself in for. I had no idea it would achieve the success it did. I know nothing about mysteries. I don't take to them. As far as I was concerned, I thought it might be just another grade-B Charlie Chan mystery."
Wiseman was born in Montreal, Canada, and his family subsequently moved to the US. He started his acting career on stage in his late teens, making his Broadway debut as part of the ensemble in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1938), with Raymond Massey in the title role. There followed parts in three plays by Maxwell Anderson: Journey to Jerusalem (1940), Candle in the Wind (1941) and Joan of Lorraine (1946), and he was the eunuch Mardian in Antony and Cleopatra (1947), directed by and starring Kathleen Cornell.
But it was his role on stage in Sidney Kingsley's Detective Story (1949) that launched his film career, during which he typically played slightly crazy off-beat characters. Wiseman, in a loud striped suit, was both sleazy and comic as the lowlife burglar, becoming hysterical when interrogated by overzealous policeman Ralph Bellamy. He repeated the role in William Wyler's 1951 film version, starring Kirk Douglas, without toning down his manic stage performance.
This coiled-up energy proved to be highly effective in Elia Kazan's Viva Zapata! (1952), in which he played the opportunistic journalist and agent provocateur who finally betrays Emiliano Zapata (Marlon Brando). He continued to steal scenes in two rather risible biblical epics, as an imposing priest in The Silver Chalice (1954), Paul Newman's debut picture, and as a wily beggar in The Prodigal (1955). Around the same time, Wiseman was able to reveal more of his talent on stage. He played Edmund to Louis Calhern's King Lear; the gangster Eddie Fuselli in a revival of Clifford Odets's Golden Boy (1952), and The Inquisitor in Jean Anouih's The Lark (1955), with Julie Harris as Joan of Arc.
In 1960, returning to movies, Wiseman had a typically flashy role as a one-eyed, deranged itinerant evangelist armed with the "Sword of God" in John Huston's western The Unforgiven. Then, in 1962, came The Happy Thieves, in which, third-billed after Rita Hayworth and Rex Harrison, he seemed to have some fun as a master forger, and the infamous Dr No. It was six years before Wiseman made another movie.
Making up for lost time, he appeared in seven films within a few years. Apart from playing ruthless Italian gangsters in Stiletto (1969) and The Valachi Papers (1972), Wiseman created a niche for himself portraying a variety of Jewish characters. In The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), Wiseman is the bemused Jewish owner of the notorious burlesque theatre, who disapproves of his son's introducing striptease.
Bye Bye Braverman (1968) saw him as a pedantic lecturer on his way to a friend's funeral. Of his performance, Time magazine wrote that Wiseman "wears an expression of perpetual disgust, as if he were forever smelling fried ham … What picture there is for stealing is burgled by Wiseman with his portrayal of a stereotypical littérateur … As lofty as Edmund Wilson, he pronounces Jehovah-like judgments on literature and humanity."
Back in Canada for The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (1974), Wiseman played a Trotskyite owner of a blouse factory, who calls his nephew (Richard Dreyfuss) "a pushy Jewish boy".
On Broadway, Wiseman originated the role of LeDuc, a Jewish psychotherapist, in Arthur Miller's Incident at Vichy (1964), who asserts that "the Jew is only the name we give to that stranger within everyone". Also on Broadway was his Drama Desk award-winning performance in the title role of In the Matter of J Robert Oppenheimer (1969).
Wiseman continued to be active on television throughout his career, notably in Crime Story (1986-88) as the menacing gang boss Manny Weisbord. In his later years, Wiseman would often give readings of Yiddish writers, and his last stage performance was in 2002 at a gala concert called Yiddish in America at the New York town hall. His last Broadway appearance had been the previous year, as a prosecution witness in Abby Mann's stage adaptation of his film drama Judgment at Nuremberg.
Wiseman's first marriage, to Nell Kennard, ended in divorce, and he is survived by his daughter, Martha, by that marriage, and his sister Ruth. His second wife, the dancer, teacher and choreographer Pearl Lang, died last February.
•Joseph Wiseman, actor, born 15 May 1918; died 19 October 2009
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Which fictional TV family lived at 704 Hauser Street, Queen's, New York | Where Did 'All in the Family's Archie Bunker Live?
Updated September 05, 2016.
Question: Where Did Archie Bunker Live?
Answer: All in the Family's Archie Bunker, along with Edith, Gloria, and Meathead, lived in Queens, New York , but what neighborhood?
The Bunker family's TV address was 704 Hauser Street, supposedly in Corona. Unfortunately, Hauser Street does not exist. The facade of the house shown at the show opening is an actual home in Glendale. But there's one more contender to consider.
The overhead images that run at the end of the program could easily be mistaken for the Queens neighborhoods of Corona, Glendale, Middle Village , or Ridgewood . The facade of the house shown is actually 89-70 Cooper Avenue, Glendale, NY. It's a sliver of far eastern Glendale that is just off Woodhaven Boulevard, close to Forest Hills , Middle Village , and Rego Park , and across the street from St. John's Cemetery. (See for comparison the images at website Bridge and Tunnel Club .) Some online maps place the address in Rego Park, but that's not how most see it.
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The TV producers -- headed by Norman Lear -- at the time of the show (1971 premiere) had Corona in mind, a neighborhood where African-Americans were moving to the neighborhood, and many white families were leaving. The theme of "white flight" was an undercurrent of the show, even if in TV land the Bunker's next-door neighbors the Jeffersons , actually move on up to a luxury high-rise on Manhattan's Upper East Side .
That's the standard story you hear about the setting of All in the Family: Glendale for the imagery, Corona for the plot. But then in 2007 I got an email from an About.com reader who claimed to have known the actual family that inspired All in the Family in Jackson Heights . I have been unable to confirm the veracity of the claim, but it boils down to this (last names removed):
"All In The Family" was taken from the real life adventures of the ***** family who lived in Jackson Heights, Queens during the forties, fifties, and sixties.
Archie was Mickey (Michael) *****, Edith was 'Bea' (Beatrice) *****, Gloria was Linda *****, and "Meathead" was Steve ***** who moved out after three years of Archie and the rest of the family. They all lived on 84th Street and 31st Avenue, Jackson Heights .
The whole idea -- as a series -- was first suggested by Bea's sister; M*** Hauser (from which "704 Hauser Street" was later derived) whose abortive attempts at becoming a famous opera singer had, nevertheless, put her in touch with the 'right' TV producers.
Let's see. 84th Street and 31st Avenue. That would put Archie within walking distance of Pio Pio today and a longer walk to Little India .
Suffice to say, Archie would have had a hard time recognizing his neighbors in 2008, though like him, many are blue-collar. There's a sizable middle-class population in Jackson Heights, and it's a melting pot of immigrants from Latin America and Asia.
What about 89-70 Cooper Avenue in Glendale? Archie might even have trouble recognizing even Glendale, especially its Connecticut-style upscale mall Atlas Park .
A Few More Tidbits About All in the Family and Queens
Carroll O'Connor, who portrayed Archie Bunker, grew up in Forest Hills .
According to real estate website Zillow , the semiattached house at 89-70 Cooper Avenue in Glendale has a "zestimate" (its supposed "market price") of $565,000 as of January 2008.
| Bunker |
Who won the Best Actor BAFTA in 1993 for his part in Shadowlands | Those Were The Days: Queens History And The Small Screen - Queens Tribune
Home Feature Those Were The Days: Queens History And The Small Screen
Those Were The Days: Queens History And The Small Screen
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BY ANGELA MONTEFINISE
In the 1970’s the top rated show was “All in the Family,” a groundbreaking sitcom about a loveable bigot named Archie Bunker who lived at the fictional address of 704 Hauser Street in Queens.
During the 1970’s Carol O’Connor’s character (top right) of Archie Bunker and the rest of the cast of “All In The Family,” brought a portrait of Queens life into the homes of millions of Americans.
This week, the world lost actor Carroll O’ Connor, the man who made the borough famous with his portrayal of loud-mouth, liberal-hating Bunker.
O’Connor died on June 21 in a Los Angeles hospital following a heart attack. His death at age 76 was not only a loss for Hollywood, and “All in the Family” fans, it was also a loss for Queens.
O’Connor’s character of introduced the borough to the rest of America.
From his easy chair in Corona, Archie let every American know that, believe it or not, New York City is more than just Manhattan.
Queens stole the spotlight during “All in the Family’s” highly rated 13-year run and the show broke ground and shaped the way Queens would be portrayed on TV for years to come.
Queens Through And Through
Much unlike his TV family, O’Connor grew up with two brothers in a white-collar house in Forest Hills. His father was an attorney and his mother was a school teacher.
Ironically, neither of them would have liked the way “Archie” spoke of minorities.
O’Connor once said, “My father was a lawyer and was in partnership with two Jews, who with their families were close to us. There were black families in our circle of friends. My father disliked talk like Archie’s – he called it lowbrow,” O’Connor once said.
Lowbrow or not, Archie’s rantings and raving about minorities and liberals kept America smiling for 13 years after “All in the Family” premiered on January 12, 1971.
O’Connor went to Newtown High School in Elmhurst before serving as a merchant seaman in World War II.
He attended the University of Montana when he returned, where he began acting in plays and got interested in show business.
He finished his undergraduate studies at the National University of Ireland, and in the late 1950’s, began landing roles in theatre and films that included “Lonely Are the Brave,” “Cleopatra,” “Hawaii,” and “Point Blank.”
In 1971, he got cast as as the character of Archie in “All in the Family” and lived by that role until 1988, when he starred in a hit drama, “In the Heat of the Night.” O’Connor received four Emmy Awards as Archie Bunker and one Emmy for “In the Heat of the Night.”
He was married to his wife, Nancy Fields, for 50 years, and she was by his side at Brotman Medical Center in Culver City, California when he died. O’Connor’s health had been deteroriating in recent years. He underwent coronary artery bypass surgery in 1989, and had a toe amputated in November 2000 because of a circulation problem. His personal life was not easier to deal with. In 1995, his only son Hugh killed himself as a result of a drug-related problem.
All In The Queens Family
From the show’s opening credits to its final applause, viewers of “All in The Family” were treated to a half-an-hour in the life of a “typical” Queens family.
Much like America learned about Brooklyn in “The Honeymooners” and Manhattan on “I Love Lucy,” Queens was Archie Bunker territory, and O’Connor made the borough famous among a national audience.
During the opening credits, while O’Connor and Jean Stapleton, who played Edith, croon “Those Were the Days,” the Bunkers’ “house” is shown.
The building is an actual Queens home which still stands today.
The house is on Cooper Avenue in Glendale, and still looks almost exactly as it did when its image was first captured in the seventies.
Donald Richards, a life-long resident of the area where the Bunker’s TV house stands, said, “It’s amazing. The people in the neighborhood have changed, but the neighborhood itself looks similar. Archie’s place is frozen in time or something!”
Bill Richards, a life-long Queens resident, said, “Nobody knew Queens until that show. New York was just Manhattan to people. After that show, people realized there was more than one borough.”
“I loved that guy,(Archie Bunker)” Sarah Bernstein, a 32-year Glendale resident, said. “He reminded me of one of my neighbors. He was so Queens. Not of his bigotry, of course, but his attitude. He acted like a regular guy from Queens. That’s why people loved the show. Who wouldn’t love Queens? And who wouldn’t love him?”
Putting The Trib On The Map
“All In The Family” also helped place the Queens Tribune on a national stage in an episode entitled “The Baby Contest” which aired on December 11, 1976.
In the episode, Archie enters his grandchild Joey into a “Most Beautiful Baby” contest, sponsored by the Tribune.
A fictional reporter, Harley Benson, comes to the Bunker’s home to interview the family, and in doing so put this community paper in the Hollywood spotlight for two episodes.
A quick look at the current Tribune masthead will show that Mr. Benson still “works” for the paper as a reporter.
That’s a little Tribune humor.
More Of Queens On The Small Screen
Despite the success of “All in the Family,” Queens remained largely untouched by the tube for years after Archie’s quick wit left television.
Producers and writers refused to venture back into Queens, keeping TV storylines primarily in Manhattan and Brooklyn.
Even the “All in the Family” spin-off “The Jeffersons” was set in Manhattan, as Archie’s ex-neighbors moved on up to the East Side in 1975.
But much of that changed in the 1990’s.
In “Cosby,” Bill Cosby’s 1996 sitcom set in Queens, the diversity of Queens was represented with a multi-ethnic cast and with scenes showing immigrants in their native attire.
But the show never really seemed to take off.
Many Americans still associated Bill Cosby with Cliff Huxtable and the Huxtable home in Brooklyn and seeing Cosby as a grouchy, retired Queens man may not have sat well with television viewers.
In 1998, “The King of Queens,” premiered on CBS.
The show’s lead character, played by Kevin James, is a blue collar worker who delivers packages UPS-style and whose adventures include ventures include lying to his wife about working late so he can play football with his friends, and telling a friend of his that he attended his wedding when he actually didn’t.
The 1980s sitcom, “Dear John,” starred Judd Hirsch as a divorcee trying to cope with his “abandonment” by attending group therapy at the “Rego Park Jewish Center.” Hirsch’s character in the show moved to Queens from Long Island after his wife split – cleaning out his bank account in the process.
The sitcom “The Nanny,” starring Queens-native Fran Drescher, was set in Manhattan, but based around the character of Fran Fein, a Jewish former hairdresser from Flushing living in a millionaire’s home.
Fran’s over-exaggerated accent and flamboyant attitude are used as the punch-line in almost every gag.
Real-life Queens College alumni Jerry Seinfled has appeared on his show sporting a sweatshirt from his alma-mater. Jerry’s pal on the show George lived with his parents in Queens.
Queens doesn’t fare any better on the hit show “Seinfeld,” as whiny, socially troubled George Costanza is portrayed as the show’s only Queens-native.
Real life Queens College alumnus Jerry Seinfeld has worn Queens College sweatshirts and drank from a Queens College mug on the show, at least promoting his alma mater.
On the early 1990’s show “Northern Exposure,” the character of Dr. Joel Fleischman, played by Rob Morrow is a Flushing -raised doctor who fulfilled the terms of his Columbia medical school scholarship by serving for four years, under duress, as general practitioner in the town of Cicely, Alaska. Flieschman’s character was the only Jewish person in the entire Borough of Arrowhead County, Alaska.
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Who directed the 1972 film the Mechanic starring Charles Bronson | The Mechanic (1972) - IMDb
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An aging hitman befriends a young man who wants to be a professional killer. Eventually it becomes clear that someone has betrayed them.
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A melon farmer battles organized crime and a hit man who wants to kill him.
Director: Richard Fleischer
A New York City architect becomes a one-man vigilante squad after his wife is murdered by street punks in which he randomly goes out and kills would-be muggers on the mean streets after dark.
Director: Michael Winner
Architect Paul Kersey once again becomes a vigilante when he tries to find the five street punks who murdered his daughter and housekeeper, this time on the dark streets of Los Angeles.
Director: Michael Winner
John Deakin is being transported, as a prisoner, on a train with supplies and medicine to Fort Humboldt, Nevada.
Director: Tom Gries
The adventures of a drifter turned illegal prize-fighter during the Depression Era in New Orleans.
Director: Walter Hill
In 1931 Canada, Yukon trapper Johnson has a feud with a dog owner who later retaliates by publicly accusing Johnson of murder and thus triggering a police manhunt in the wilderness.
Director: Peter R. Hunt
Architect/vigilante Paul Kersey arrives back in New York City and is forcibly recruited by a crooked police detective to fight street crime caused by a large gang terrorizing the neighborhoods.
Director: Michael Winner
After Pardon Chato, a mestizo, kills a US marshal in self-defense, a posse pursues him, but as the white volunteers advance deep in Indian territory they become more prey than hunters, ... See full summary »
Director: Michael Winner
A LAPD detective is on the trail of a very handsome young man who had been seducing and slashing many young women to death.
Director: J. Lee Thompson
Follows an elite hit man as he teaches his trade to an apprentice who has a connection to one of his previous victims.
Director: Simon West
Architect/vigilante Paul Kersey takes on the members of a vicious Los Angeles drug cartel to stop the flow of drugs after his girlfriend's daughter dies from an overdose.
Director: J. Lee Thompson
A professional killer comes out ot retirement to investigate and avenge the brutal murder of an old friend.
Director: J. Lee Thompson
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Storyline
A professional hit man is planning to retire, always a difficult move for one in such a profession. A young apprentice appears to be eager to learn all the skills of the trade - but is that all he wants? Written by Steve Crook <[email protected]>
He fixes people so they never work again. See more »
Genres:
14 December 1972 (West Germany) See more »
Also Known As:
Killer of Killers See more »
Filming Locations:
Did You Know?
Trivia
The music score and source music were recorded at CTS (Cine-Tele Sound) Studios in London between August 7th and 11th, 1972. See more »
Goofs
At the end of the movie, when Steve takes the taxi to Arthur's house, you can see Steve's car and there is clearly no note attached to the rear view mirror. When Steve leaves Arthur's house and goes to his car there is a note on the rear view mirror. This should have been visible from the taxi. See more »
Quotes
BRONSON at his peak: one of THE action-movies of all time !!!
16 March 2008 | by wmjahn
(Austria) – See all my reviews
The early 70ies were the years, when CHARLES BRONSON as leading man could do nothing wrong. Every single movie he made in those years from 1970's CITTA VIOLENTA to 1975's BREAKHEART PASS was a commercial winner all the way and most of them were artistically successful as well. He worked with the best of western- and action-directors then (Michael Winner, Don Siegel, Terence Young, Tom Gries, Richard Fleischer, John Sturges, Sergio Sollima) and they usually turned out their best efforts with THE MAN starring in the leading role. The movies THE MAN turned out then one after another are now considered among the best of its kind ever made.
THE MECHANIC is clearly no exception to this rule. On the contrary, among his superb movies of these (sadly long gone) days, THE MECHANIC shines as one of the best. Some even consider THE MECHANIC to be the best movie Mr. BRONSON ever made! Personally I would no go that far, but it is definitely one of the best five he ever made, the others being HARD TIMES aka THE STREETFIGHTER (please also check my comment there), CHATO'S LAND (again, please check my comment there), of course DEATH WISH I and MR. MAJESTYK.
Actually THE MECHANIC is more than just a mere action-flick, it is a socio-economical study of the lives and times of a top-level professional hit-man at the peak of his power and his connections and ultimately fateful troubles with the mafia and mafia-structures. It is a so matter-of-fact-made movie that one can not deny its "documentary-style".
BRONSON looks GREAT as the "mechanic", the top-hit-man, the "killer of killers"! He's superbly clothed, always apt to the needs of the scene, wears suits and tie here and there, casual clothes in other occasions and an awesome leather-jacket in other memorable scenes. And the hair-cut is awesome as well (when have you seen a professional hit-man with that long hair?). BRONSON hardly ever looked better. When he left us in 2003, newspapers over here often chose pictures of him in his prime from the early 70ies, some taken from THE MECHANIC, him holding the ultimately fateful glass of wine in his huge hands. Memorable, ain't it? :-)
Back to the picture itself:
Right from the beginning THE MECHANIC is filled with awesome frames. Just take the first one: one sees just blue sky. Suddenly - seemingly from the nowhere - Bronsons stony face fills the screen (one has to see this on a BIG screen!). Jerry Fieldings superbly fitting music (now on on CD by Intrada) starts right the same second. We see THE MAN entering a building. A short greeting follows (which is the only word spoken in the first app. 15 minutes). Then the professional does his first job, knocks off his first victim, whose murder is disguised as a gas explosion, without emotion, just a job to be done. Then the murder of Harry McKenna follows, where Bishop shows no outward regret for his actions, putting the brutal demands of his job over his friendship to Harry.
ARTHUR BISHOP is certainly no average hit-man. He lives in a swell mansion up at Mulholland drive, the paintings on this wall are reproductions of Hironimus Boschs' work, when he plans the best way to do his jobs = killings, he listens to classical music, the furniture is well chosen, he loves a glass of wine after a well-done job. A man with manners and good taste. Not a dumb-ass, a clever hit-man, one with brains. His Dad already worked for the mafia (as a judge, in fact). A man with roots.
Emotionless, tough and quiet (but when he says something, then it's well thought-over), he is nevertheless intelligent enough to know, that this ain't a job he can do forever, that he is in the twilight of his career. So he decides to take a companion/apprentice, young J.-M. Vincent (in his best role), to teach him the trade and to have somebody to be able to rely on in dangerous situations. THE MAN ain't that young anymore, a 2nd man could be a needed asset, a backup in dangerous situations.
The mafia disapproves of this, but Arthur Bishop is strong-willed ...
Bronson and Vincent fill their parts to perfection and these ain't easy parts. Character development, not too usual for this genre, is a strong point of this movie together with a handful of superbly staged action-sequences. At a running-time of a little over 90 minutes, there is more happening in THE MECHANIC than in many other movies, and still you are not watching a hectic movie (like most action flicks today are). As another admirer wrote "'The Mechanic' is a tightly-bound drama that uses everything - dialog, emotion, physical action - with stunning economy. Like a tightly-written novel, the film sheds all unnecessary padding and only gives us what is absolutely important to the storyline."
This ain't a lightweight picture, this is prime stuff. Every frame is well-chosen, every scene has its meaning, Mr. Winner clearly put a lot of effort into this one (as well as his other efforts from the early- to mid-70ies - Winner became a slob only later on). There are not many pictures, which one can watch every second year and still be filled with thrill, but THE MECHANIC accomplishes this, it is a movie "that updates itself each time you watch it".
Watch it ! :-)
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| Michael Winner |
In Australian slang what are snags | Jason Statham, Jessica Alba in Mechanic: Resurrection Photo
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First photo of Jason Statham and Jessica Alba in Mechanic: Resurrection
Summit Entertainment has released the first photo from the upcoming Mechanic: Resurrection featuring stars Jason Statham and Jessica Alba. Check it out in the gallery below!
Arthur Bishop (Jason Statham) returns as the Mechanic when someone from his past forces him back into the business. Bishop has to complete an impossible list of assassinations of the most dangerous men in the world.
Filmed on location in Bangkok, Thailand, Dennis Gansel (We Are the Night) directed Mechanic: Resurrection. Statham and Alba are joined by Tommy Lee Jones and Michelle Yeoh in the sequel. Mechanic: Resurrection will debut in theaters on August 26, 2016.
A sequel to the 2011 film, which brought in $62 million at the global box office, The Mechanic was a remake of the 1972 film of the same name starring Charles Bronson and directed by Michael Winner.
Mechanic: Resurrection
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Which sign of the Zodiac is represented by a fish | Zodiac Signs
Home > Astrology > Zodiac > Signs
Signs of the Zodiac
A number, 1-12, marks each sign's place in the zodiac and each sign is identified by both an image and a symbol as well as its constellation in the heavens. A person's star sign is determined by the location of the Sun in relation to the zodiac at the time of their birth.
The spring signs of Aries the ram, Taurus the bull, and Gemini the twins are the first group of the signs of the zodiac.
1. Aries (March 21-April 19)
Image: the ram
Element: Fire
Aries begins on the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Aries is a small constellation that represents the ram that Jason and the Argonauts sought to capture for its Golden Fleece. Those born under the sign of Aries are called Arians13.
2. Taurus (April 20–May 20)
Image: the bull
Element: earth
Mythology recognizes Taurus as the white bull disguise that Zeus assumed when presenting himself to Europa 12. A person born under the sign of Taurus is called a Taurean13.
3. Gemini (May 21–June 21)
Image: the twins
Element: Air
Gemini represents the sons of Zeus, the twins Castor and Pollux, whose names are given to the constellation's two brightest stars. Those born under the sign of Gemini are called Geminians13.
The summer signs of the zodiac are Cancer the crab, Leo the lion, and Virgo the virgin.
4. Cancer (June 22–July 22)
Image: the crab
Element: water
Cancer begins on the summer solstice, the time of year when the sun reaches its northernmost point. The sign of Cancer represents the crab crushed under the foot of Hercules. Cancer is most noted for the globular star cluster of Praesepe, the Beehive cluster. Cancerians are also called "moon children"7.
5. Leo, the lion (July 23–August 22)
Image: the lion
Element: fire
Egyptian, Babylonian, Arab, and Greek mythology all represent this well-defined constellation as a lion. The western part of the constellation, a curved line known as the Sickle, represents the lion's head15. In Greek mythology, Leo is the Nemean lion slain by Hercules. The Nemean lion was invulnerable to all weapons until Hercules strangled it with his bare hands. Zeus put the lion in the sky as a constellation14. Those born under the sign of Leo are simply known as "Leos".
6. Virgo (August 23–September 22)
Image: the virgin
Element: the earth
Virgo, the last of the summer signs, is a large constellation, represented by a maiden who holds a sheaf of grain. Virgo is also identified with goddesses of fertility such as such as Ishtar or Persephone. Those born under the sign of Virgo are called Virgoans13.
The signs of autumn are Libra the balance, Scorpio the scorpion and Sagittarius the archer.
7. Libra (September 23–October 23)
Image: the balance or scales
Element: Air
Sometimes identified with Astraea, the Roman goddess of justice15, Libra brings balance as she marks the second equinox of the year, the autumnal equinox. Her image is either a woman holding a balance or the balanced scale alone. One born under the sign of Libra is called a Libran13.
8. Scorpio (October 24–November 21)
Image: the scorpion
Element: water
Scorpius is one of the most vivid constellations in the sky with the bright red star Antares positioned in its heart16. In astrology, the constellation Scorpius is called Scorpio. Its image refers to the Greek myth of the scorpion that stung Orion, a tale that explains why the constellation of Orion sets as Scorpius rises in the sky15. Those born under the sign of Scorpio are simply called "Scorpios".
9. Sagittarius (November 22–December 21)
Image: the archer
Element: fire
From the Latin sagitta for arrow8, Sagittarius is the last of the autumn signs of the zodiac. Sagittarius is set in a large constellation that represents a centaur (half man, half horse) carrying a bow and arrow11. His arrow points at the red heart of Scorpio. One who is born
under the sign of Sagittarius is called a Sagittarian2.
The winter signs of the zodiac are Capricorn the goat, Aquarius the water bearer, and Pisces the fish.
10. Capricorn (December 22–January 19)
Image: the goat
Element: earth
At the time when it's at the southernmost point, the Sun enters the sign of Capricorn, heralding the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemishphere. Identified with the Greek god, Pan, the constellation Capricornus (the Sea Goat) is called Capricorn only in Astrology6. Those born under the sign of Capricorn are called Capricornians13.
11. Aquarius (January 20–February 18)
Image: the water bearer
Element: Air
From Latin "of water", when used as a noun Aquarius means "water carrier" or "water bearer"8. The dim constellation of Aquarius depicts a man pouring water from a jar, which flows into the mouth of the fish, Fomalhuat, the brightest star in the constellation of Pisces16. Those born under the sign of Aquarius are called Aquarians13.
12. Pisces (February 19–March 20).
Image: the fish
Element: water
Pisces, the final constellation of the zodiac, represents two fish5. In Sanskrit, Pisces was the name of the daughter of the goddess of dawn, also called Meenakshi. The short version of the name, Meena means "having eyes shaped like a fish"17. In one version of a Greek myth, Aphrodite and Eros jumped into a river to escape the monster Typhon and were changed into fish. In another version, two fish carried them to safety. Those born under the sign of Pisces are called Pisceans13.
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"One word frees us all the weight and pain of life:
That word is love."
Sophocles, Greek tragic dramatist (495 BC - 406 BC)
Pisces
The last of the water signs and the last of all the signs is Pisces. We named our web site after it so it can't be bad. It is mutable (Changeable) in nature. It is ruled by two planets, traditionally Jupiter and more lately Neptune also. The sign of Pisces is that of two fish swimming in opposite directions. Being the last of the signs Pisces is very much the end of a journey that began with the sign of Aries. Aries was about the self establishing itself in the world, about beginnings, adventures and an emerging energy and a kind of childlike naievety. Pisces is quite the opposite, it is the end of the journey, a coming home, a returning of all the experience that has been gained. It is a much more mellow energy and it is connected with the other person as much as the self. The Piscean character is vaguely dreamlike and elusive as if a part of them has not properly incarnated into the world. Infact Pisceans have a very strong memory of harmony and oneness and seek it at all costs. Some would say they rememeber this from a world previous to this one where there was no movement, effort or conflict just simply being. Pisceans naturally appear to favour being rather than doing. They can be a calming influence on a situation or a set of people. They remind people to be accepted for who they are and not what they do.
The Piscean sign is a water sign. It is this water that connects them to other people in the world. Their gift is that they can literally feel what the other person is feeling and the pains and sorrow this entails. For this reason a Piscean is often very sympathetic and understanding to the other person. They can't easily be judgemental or negative about them because in a very real sense they know what the other person is going through. Sometimes this can be a real disadvantage as the Piscean is so open to other peoples influence and energy that they can literally forget who they are or what they believe in or what is the correct action to take. This is further emphasised by the Piscean sign being a mutable or changeable sign. They are so changeable and influenced by others that maintaining there separate sense of identity is difficult for them. For this reason Pisceans will often have to retreat into a secure boundary such as their homes to reestablish who they are and what their personal wishes are.
Pisces is represented by the two fish. One swims up and one down. Why two fish ? The Piscean can literally go one of two ways, up or down. His desire to achieve , harmony and oneness may take the form of illusion or truth. He may swim down into the world of drugs, alcoholism, sexual excess or any kind of addiction. On the other hand if he is strong he may resist these urges which ultimately are about self satisfaction and he may use his gifts of sensitivity and understanding to swim upstream and give support to those around him. In this way he will find the harmony he is looking for but in a different way. They say a Pisces can ultimately make the best of all the leaders because they truly understand the people around them. In the bible Moses was a Pisces. At first he didn't want to be called to leadership and had a stutter and didn't think he was worthy of speaking for his people. However he had the trait of caring and would not let any even one of his sheep be lost. Ultimately he became a great leader of his people because he cared for each and everyone of them.
The sign of Pisces was traditionally ruled by Jupiter. This gives the sign it's interest in all matters spiritual. It also gives a benevolent outlook to the character of the person. With the discovery of Neptune this became a second ruler of Pisces. Neptune is a about the search for the ideal, for harmony. This is truly evident in the Piscean. Pisceans may often try and lose themselves in a world of fantasy and make believe or in the movies. These are all traits given by the planet Neptune to the sign.
Pisceans make good filmmakers, poets, mystics and counsellors. As we said before ultimately they can make some of the kindest, wisest and most benevolent leaders. The shadow side of Pisces is the drug addict, the dropout, the person who has given up on life or the person who expects society to care for all his needs.
Piscean energy will modify the expression of the planet that may lie in this sign. See How It Works section. With Venus in Pisces there will be a love for mysticism, a care for the underdog and the underprivileged or maybe an ability in making movies. With the Moon in Pisces there will be a deep sensitivity to suffering and pain and the difficulties of the world. The person may need to periodically hide away and restore themselves. With Uranus in Pisces the person may have abilities to express new ideas in spirituality or may invent new technologies to alleviate suffering.
To find out how these signs affect you:
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What word prefixes business, room, and case, to produce three other words | Hyphen (-) | Oxford Dictionaries
to show word breaks
Hyphens in compound words
Hyphens are used in many compound words to show that the component words have a combined meaning (e.g. a pick-me-up , mother-in-law , good-hearted ) or that there is a relationship between the words that make up the compound: for example, rock-forming minerals are minerals that form rocks. But you don’t need to use them in every type of compound word.
Compound adjectives
Compound adjectives are made up of a noun + an adjective, a noun + a participle , or an adjective + a participle . Many compound adjectives should be hyphenated. Here are some examples:
noun + adjective
open-mouthed
With compound adjectives formed from the adverb well and a participle (e.g. well-known), or from a phrase (e.g. up-to-date), you should use a hyphen when the compound comes before the noun:
well-known brands of coffee
but not when the compound comes after the noun:
His music was also well known in England.
Their figures are up to date.
It’s important to use hyphens in compound adjectives describing ages and lengths of time: leaving them out can make the meaning ambiguous . For example, 250-year-old trees clearly refers to trees that are 250 years old, while 250 year old trees could equally refer to 250 trees that are all one year old.
Compound verbs
Use a hyphen when a compound formed from two nouns is made into a verb, for example:
noun
chat-room
In the past, these sorts of compounds were usually hyphenated, but the situation is different today. The tendency is now to write them as either one word or two separate words. However, the most important thing to note is that you should choose one style and stick to it within a piece of writing. Don’t refer to a playgroup in one paragraph and a play-group in another.
Hyphens joining prefixes to other words
Hyphens can be used to join a prefix to another word, especially if the prefix ends in a vowel and the other word also begins with one (e.g. pre-eminent or co-own). This use is less common than it used to be, though, and one-word forms are becoming more usual (e.g. prearrange or cooperate).
Use a hyphen to separate a prefix from a name or date, e.g. post-Aristotelian or pre-1900.
Use a hyphen to avoid confusion with another word: for example, to distinguish re-cover (= provide something with a new cover) from recover (= get well again).
Hyphens showing word breaks
Hyphens can also be used to divide words that are not usually hyphenated.
They show where a word is to be divided at the end of a line of writing. Always try to split the word in a sensible place, so that the first part does not mislead the reader: for example, hel-met not he-lmet; dis-abled not disa-bled.
Hyphens are also used to stand for a common second element in all but the last word of a list, e.g.:
You may see a yield that is two-, three-, or fourfold.
You can read more about when to use hyphens on the Oxford Dictionaries blog . Here you will find helpful tips on when to use hyphens and examples of when they should not be used.
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In which British city is there a Bridge of Sighs | Word Parts Dictionary, Prefixes, Suffixes, Roots and Combining Forms
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In which city is the Rialto Bridge | Rialto Bridge, Venice
Rialto Bridge
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Connecting the districts of San Polo and San Marco across the Grand Canal in the heart of the city, the Rialto Bridge has always been a busy crossing in Venice. But instead of being crowded with merchants like during Venice's heyday, the bridge is now swamped by tourists.
Rialto Bridge
Probably the most visited and most photographed bridge in Venice, the Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) opened in 1591. For nearly three hundred years, it was the only way to cross the Grand Canal on foot. The bridge replaced various wooden bridges that had occupied the same location since the twelfth century.
Earlier Bridges
The first bridge over the Grand Canal was a wooden bridge, built in 1180 and supported by boats. This bridge was replaced by a more solid wooden bridge in 1264 and again in 1310. That third bridge however collapsed under the weight of spectators watching a boat parade during the wedding of the marquis Ferrara. A new bridge was built once again, now as a wooden drawbridge.
By the end of the sixteenth century this third bridge had become so dilapidated that it was decided to build a new bridge across the Grand Canal , this time in stone.
Building the Bridge
Several prominent artists and architects were considered for the design of the new Rialto Bridge, including Michelangelo, but the honor went to Anthony da Ponte, whose name appropriately translates to mean "Anthony of the Bridge". Construction of the bridge started in 1588 and it was completed three years later.
The long construction time drew a lot of criticism from the many merchants in the area who had no other option than to transport everyting by boat. The wait was worth it however; the Rialto Bridge is now considered
the most beautiful and famous of the four bridges that cross the Grand Canal , which also includes the Accademia and the Scalzi Bridges as well as the modern Calatrava Bridge.
The Design
The Rialto Bridge is formed by two inclined ramps covered by a portico with shops on either side. (This area has long been a market place for Venetians.) There are three walkways that cross the bridge - two along the outer balustrades and a wider one in the center.
Because galley ships passed under the bridge in days gone by, the bridge's arch is higher than many - reaching about 7.5 meters (24 feet). About 12,000 wooden pilings support this bridge with a single span of 48 meters (158 feet).
As a top tourist attraction, the Rialto Bridge is generally included on most tours of the city and is easily photographed while riding a vaporetto (water bus) along the Grand Canal .
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Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto)
Take a stroll across Venice’s oldest and most iconic bridge for romantic views, souvenir shopping and street entertainment.
When riding a vaporetto (water bus) or gondola along the Grand Canal, look up as you round the bend by the fish market: One of Venice’s most iconic sights appears before you. The Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) has been a feature of the city since the late 1500s. It has a distinctive V-shape design, high stone arcades and balustrades from which tourists peek at the gondolas in the canal below.
The enclosed Rialto Bridge was constructed by the appropriately named Antonio Da Ponte (Antonio of the Bridge). Da Ponte beat the famous sculptor Michelangelo in getting the contract to build it. The Rialto replaced a late 12th-century bridge and combines practicality with beauty. The 24-foot (7.5-meter) arch is high enough to let ships pass beneath, while the symmetry of the arches and the heightened central peak have made this bridge an iconic image. Out of the 400 or so bridges that connect the islands of Venice, this is likely the most photographed.
As you approach the Rialto on foot, choose between the three walkways that lead to the top of the bridge. Two of the walkways are along the outer balustrades. One central passage runs between the inward facing shops, which sell local Murano glassware, jewelry and other crafts.
Street vendors and musicians lend the bridge a lively atmosphere. From the top, views of the Grand Canal curving into the distance beneath the shuttered windows of the Venetian homes and restaurants provide a classic photo opportunity.
The vibrant buzz of the daytime gives way to a quieter atmosphere at night. When the shutters go down on the shops, the bridge is illuminated by floodlights and reflections shimmer on the canal, providing the perfect backdrop for a romantic evening stroll.
The Rialto Bridge is halfway along the Grand Canal and connects the market district of San Polo with the tourist hub of San Marco. To get there take a vaporetto or gondola and get off at the Rialto stop, or walk north from the central St. Mark’s Square.
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From which musical did the Oscar winning song Cheek To Cheek appear | Every Oscar Winner for Best Original Song, Ranked | SPIN
Every Oscar Winner for Best Original Song, Ranked
Looking back at the best and worst of 82 years of statue-winning movie themes
Andrew Unterberger // February 19, 2015
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Photo Composite by James Grebey
It was 1935 when Con Conrad and and Herb Magidson took home the first-ever Oscar for Best Original Song: “The Continental,” from the Fred Astraire and Ginger Rogers musical The Gay Divorcee. Since then, the winners have expanded from big-band dance number centerpieces to include stirring pop epics from animated movies, non-diagetic love ballads from blockbuster romances, and character themes from all sorts of genres — rock, folk, country, funk and, in the 21st century, even hip-hop.
The list of the songs that have won Best Original Song is a bizarre one. It encompasses classic rock legends like Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen, Great American Songbook crafters like Irving Berlin and Burt Bacharach… and also Christopher Cross, Bret from Flight of the Conchords, and three seperate songs sung by Jennifer Warnes. Timeless classic films like The Wizard of Oz, High Noon, and Breakfast at Tiffany’s are represented… as are A Hole in the Head, Waikiki Wedding, Thank God It’s Friday, and some movie called Frozen. Put this playlist on shuffle and you’ll be hospitalized for whiplash within six songs.
We’ve trudged through the gems and the duds, the songs that have become part of cinema history and the songs whose writers have even forgotten about, to rank the winners from worst to first — also taking a moment to point out the notable nominees beaten each year, and those snubbed from being nominated in the first place, whether due to arcane Academy rules or sheer neglect. Be warned that we ranked the songs according to the versions used in their Oscar-winning parent movies, which aren’t necessarily the most famous version of the song — so it’s Terence Howard and Taraji P. Henson doing “It’s Hard Out Here For a Pimp,” not Three 6 Mafia, and Angela Lansbury singing “Beauty and the Beast,” not Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson.
See where your favorites ranked below — unless your favorite is Phil Collins’ Tarzan song, in which case maybe don’t — and check back next week to see where this year’s winner ends up falling.
82. “The Morning After” (The Poseidon Adventure, 1972)
Written By: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn
Performed By: Renee Armand
This ponderous, overblown track wails a promise that there are better times to come if you can push through the darkest times. Presumably, the “Morning After” writers were referring to the duration of their own treacly abomination of a ballad. The only thing this song is good for is banishing a demonic succubus back to the hellfire from whence it came, as South Park so expertly noted. JAMES GREBEY
Also Nominated From ’72: Michael Jackson’s first chart-topping solo hit, the title track from the movie Ben, earned a nomination for writers Walter Scharf and Don Black. Not exactly “Rock With You” or “Billie Jean” that got beat here — songs about rats generally have a certain ceiling — but just about anything would have been preferable to “The Morning After.”
Snubbed: Nothing from Curtis Mayfield’s iconic Super Fly soundtrack to be found — probably a counter-balance to Isaac Hayes winning the year before, lest the Academy start to reach a level of cool that would have been totally unsustainable.
81. “You’ll Be in My Heart” (Tarzan, 1999)
Written By: Phil Collins
Performed By: Phil Collins
Speaking of South Park, the movie’s amazing assault on our neighbors to the north, “Blame Canada,” got screwed out of an Oscar by Phil Colins’ mewling sapfest. While some of the soft-rock icon’s contributions to Tarzan are fun in a cornball kind of way, “You’ll Be in My Heart” is an overwrought bore. J.G.
Also Nominated From ’99: “Canada” wasn’t the only gem passed over in the name of Phil: Aimee Mann’s “Save Me” from Magnolia, an Oscar nominee of rare subtlety and vulnerability, was also overlooked.
Snubbed: R.E.M.’s “Man on the Moon,” the Automatic for the People single that inspired the Andy Kaufman biopic of the same name, was naturally ineligible, but the fair-game “The Great Beyond” — one of the band’s last great singles, and their biggest-ever hit in the U.K. — was also ignored, along with star Jim Carrey, and the rest of the Milos Forman-directed movie.
80. “We Belong Together” (Toy Story 3, 2010)
Written By: Randy Newman
Performed By: Randy Newman
After failing to win at the ’95 and ’99 awards for his first two Toy Story numbers, Randy Newman finally won in 2010 for easily the worst of the bunch: “We Belong Together,” another trite and predictable ode to lifelong companionship that only serves as slightly less self-parodic than “Left Foot, Right Foot.” A.U.
Also Nominated From ’10: Nothing you’ve thought about since 2010, unless you were a weirdly big Country Strong fan.
Snubbed: All of Cher and Christina Aguilera’s Burlesque songs, including the Golden Globe-winning “You Haven’t Seen the Last of Me,” as well as Pharrell’s work for the first Despicable Me soundtrack and Justin Bieber and Jaden Smith’s Karate Kid theme, “Never Say Never.” Slim pickings for sure, but more relevant than most of the songs that made the cut, at least.
79. “In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening” (Here Comes the Groom, 1951)
Written By: Hoagy Carmichael & Johnny Mercer
Performed By: Bing Crosby & Jane Wyman
“In the Cool, Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening” exploits the electric chemistry of film legends Bing Crosby and Jane Wyman as much as it can, but it’s one of those old Hollywood numbers that’s everything at the same time: Vaudeville! Waltz! Romance! Calm it down guys. Calm. It. Down. DAVID LEVESLEY
Also Nominated From ’51: The lovely quasi-standard “A Kiss to Build a Dream On,” recorded first by Louis Armstrong for the Mickey Rooney musical melodrama The Strip.
Snubbed: The Burton Lane / Alan Jay Lerner composition “You’re All the World to Me” might not have been a classic, but it definitely at least soundtracked a classic movie scene — Fred Astaire’s famous spinning-room dance sequence from Royal Wedding, later referenced in countless music videos .
78. “When You Believe” (The Prince of Egypt, 1998)
Written By: Steven Schwartz
Performed By: Mariah Carey & Whitney Houston
Takes a while to get going, and while it builds competently — with one voice becoming two, then dozens alongside increasing instrumentation — it’s not that impressive outside of the context of the movie, especially for a song that combines the talents of two of the greatest pop stars of the 20th century. It’s also a little preachy, although that’s kind of a given. J.G.
Also Nominated From ’98: “I Don’t Want to Miss a Thing,” histrionic Diane Warren power ballad and first-ever Hot 100-crowner for rock legends Aerosmith, from Michael Bay’s apocalyptic blockbuster, Armageddon.
Snubbed: The only other power ballad that might have been as ubiquitous in 1998 as Aerosmith’s, the Goo Goo Dolls’ City of Angels contribution “Iris.” Also, don’t forget that Aaliyah’s “Are You That Somebody?,” one of Baby Girl’s signature hits and on the shortlist for Best R&B songs of the decade, was first heard on the Dr. Doolittle 2 soundtrack that year.
77. “You Light Up My Life” (You Light Up My Life, 1977)
Written By: Joe Brooks
Performed By: Kacey Cisyk
A legendarily insipid ballad, which somehow topped the Hot 100 for a then-record ten straight weeks and won the Oscar in one of the all-time great years for original film songs. This isn’t even the famous version, either: It’s Did Cohn lip-syncing along Kacey Cisyk. God must have been piiiiiisssssed at this being done in his name. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’77: The Carly Simon-sung, Marvin Hamlisch and Carol Bayer Sager-penned “Nobody Does It Better,” from The Spy Who Loved Me — a No. 2 hit and one of the all-time great Bond themes.
Snubbed: Oh nothing much, just every song eligible from the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack, which spawned four undying No. 1 hits and sold 15 million copies in this country alone. “Theme From ‘New York, New York,” too. Thank the Lord that they remembered that timeless chestnut “The Slipper and the Rose Waltz (He Danced With Me/She Danced With Me)” from The Slipper and the Rose, though!
76. “Mona Lisa” (Captain Carey, U.S.A., 1950)
Written By: Jay Livingston & Ray Evans
Performed By: Charlie Spivak & Tommy Lynn
“Mona Lisa” deservedly became a standard in the capable hands of Nat King Cole . Unfortunately, the version from Captain Carey was performed by the significantly less-enduring Charlie Spivak and Tommy Lynn: a limp, repetitive arrangement that has deservedly been lost to the ages. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’50: “Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo” from Cinderella, one of Disney’s all-time great nonsense jams.
Snubbed: “Silver Bells,” a future holidays perennial, actually debuted in ’50 in the Bob Hope and Marilyn Maxwell comedy The Lemon Drop Kid, which is definitely the only reason anyone would have cause to discuss The Lemon Drop Kid in the year 2015.
75. “I Just Called to Say I Love You” (The Woman in Red, 1984)
Written By: Stevie Wonder
Performed By: Stevie Wonder
In one of the all-time years for blockbuster film themes — the 1984 ceremonies were the first and to-date only time when all five Best Original Song nominees were No. 1 hits — the award went to a creative nadir for the great Stevie Wonder, a perfectly nice song that was nevertheless a totally fair target for Jack Black’s eventual dickish scorn . A.U.
Also Nominated From ’84: The 1984 category was jam-packed with iconic ’80s themes: Ray Parker’s “Ghostbusters,” Phil Collins’ “Against All Odds” and Kenny Loggins’ “Footloose.” And yet…
Snubbed: …the Academy somehow whiffed on including anything from the biggest soundtrack of the whole decade, Prince’s Purple Rain. The Purple One did take home a statue in the now-defunct Best Original Song Score category, but no song from the movie — which included a couple chart-toppers of its own in “Let’s Go Crazy” and “When Doves Cry,” not to mention the No. 2-peaking title track — even got nominated. How do you sleep at night, Loggins?
74. “Born Free” (Born Free, 1966)
Written By: John Barry & Don Black
Performed By: Matt Monro
The list of great songs about the indomitable spirit of large, open-range felines is not a long one, though Matt Monro’s hilariously melodramatic title song for Born Free certainly does its damnedest to get on there. The earned grandiosity of The Lion King’s “Circle of Life” three decades later effectively made this song totally useless. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’66: A couple of memorable British themes: Cilla Black’s Burt Bacharach / Hal David-penned title track to the Michael Caine vehicle Alfie, and the Seekers’ vivacious hit ode to the protagonist of Georgy Girl.
Snubbed: Did you know that the original version of “Strangers in the Night” was an instrumental recorded by easy-listening maestro Bert Kaempfert for the movie A Man Could Get Killed in 1966? Well, neither did the Academy.
73. “The Lullaby of Broadway” (Gold Diggers of 1935, 1935)
Written By: Harry Warren & Al Dubin
Performed By: Wini Shaw
Middling, self-congratulatory theatrical fare. Far more memorable for its ahead-of-its-time cinematic introduction — performed in a two-minute one-shot zoom-in on performer Wini Shaw that looks like something from Eraserhead, courtesy of famed choreographer Busby Berkeley — than for anything related to the song itself. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’35: The considerably fonder-remembered Irving Berlin composition “Cheek to Cheek,” introduced by Fred Astaire in Top Hat.
Snubbed: “You Are My Lucky Star,” from the confusingly titled Broadway Melody of 1936. In that movie, the song was by cast member Frances Langford and others, but it’s probably best-remembered today as being sung by a terrified Sigourney Weaver in the final fight scene at the end of Alien.
72. “I Need to Wake Up” (An Inconvenient Truth, 2006)
Written By: Melissa Etheridge
Performed By: Melissa Etheridge
It’s unfortunate that Melissa Etheridge’s well-intentioned climate-change ballad sounds like it could be the background music to any generic television PSA. The “wake up” metaphor is a cliché, and the country twang is pretty uninspired, making the mostly toothless call-to-action seem preachy and hokey. Climate change is real, but this isn’t the most motivating of protest songs. J.G.
Also Nominated From ’06: “Listen,” Beyoncé’s powerhouse ballad from the climax of Dreamgirls.
Snubbed: Cobra Starship’s “Snakes on a Plane (Bring It!),” the best ’80s blockbuster theme of 2006.
71. “Sweet Lailani” (Waikiki Wedding, 1937)
Written By: Harry Owens
Performed By: Bing Crosby
A very short, very slight, and probably somewhat culturally patronizing Bing ballad. Those high notes are pretty chill, though. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’37: Another Fred Astaire classic in the George and Ira Gershwin-scribed “They Can’t Take That Away From Me,” from Shall We Dance. And “That Old Feeling,” from Vogues of 1937, was big enough that it was still inspiring movie titles 60 years later .
Snubbed: Geez, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, anyone? “Whistle While You Work,” “Heigh-Ho,” “Some Day My Prince Will Come” — all given the cold shoulder, though the movie did get a nomination for its influential score, and an Academy Honorary Award for Walt Disney, basically just for making a badass movie that everyone loved.
70. “High Hopes” (A Hole in the Head, 1959)
Written By: James Van Heusen & Sammy Cahn
Performed By: Frank Sinatra
More so than the Frank Capra comedy A Hole in the Head, this was the theme for JFK’s 1960 presidential campaign, and like all campaign songs it’s a motivational poster. A song about using all-American determination and pluck to f–k s–t up for no good reason. By late 1961, American military advisors were directing the South Vietnamese Army to forcibly relocate 8.5 million rural peasants to fortified camps called “strategic hamlets”; the project was soon judged a colossal failure. But no one could make that ram scram. THEON WEBER
Also Nominated From ’59: Marty Robbins’ western ballad “The Hanging Tree,” from the movie of the same name. (No, not that hanging tree .)
Snubbed: Sadly, the hypnotic “Once Upon a Dream” from Sleeping Beauty — covered last year by Lana Del Rey for Maleficent — was ineligible, due to being largely derived from Tchaikovsky’s ballet of the same name.
69. “You Must Love Me” (Evita, 1996)
Written By: Andrew Lloyd Weber & Tim Rice
Performed By: Madonna
When Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice write a song, at its worst it feels like a single they never convinced Celine Dion to sing, and at its best it combines pop’s eagerness to please with Broadway’s hunger for human emotion and struggle through song. “You Must Love Me” is the song they wrote especially for their film adaptation of the Evita musical, and it’s far more the former than the latter: The show clips along with songs both catchy and narratively prurient, yet “You Must Love Me” feels like a pause rather than propulsion. D.L.
Also Nominated From ’96: Amazingly, the Beatlesque theme to the ’90s cable favorite That Thing You Do! — written by Fountains of Wayne’s Adam Schlesinger — was actually recognized this year, even if it had no chance of finishing better than a distant third to Evita and Celine Dion’s Diane Warren-penned “Because You Loved Me,” nominated from the Robert Redford and Michelle Pfeifer workplace romance Up Close and Personal.
Snubbed: R. Kelly’s “I Believe I Can Fly,” a ballad whose gospel was powerful enough to reduce the Notorious B.I.G. to tears , was cruelly rebuffed, presumably because it soundtracked a movie where Michael Jordan played a bunch of cartoon monsters for the fate of the Looneyverse.
68. “On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa-Fe” (The Harvey Girls, 1946)
Written By: Harry Warren & Johnny Mercer
Performed By: Judy Garland
Not even Judy Garland’s best movie song about public transportation . A.U.
Also Nominated From ’46: “I Can’t Begin to Tell You,” sung by John Payne in The Dolly Sisters, and an eventual No. 1 hit for Bing Crosby.
Snubbed: Rita Hayworth acolytes in the ’40s were no doubt smarting at the exclusion of “Put the Blame on Mame,” dubbed by Anita Kert Ellis for Hayworth’s title character in the iconic noir Gilda.
67. “The Writing’s on the Wall” (Spectre, 2015)
Written By: Sam Smith & Jimmy Napes
Performed By: Sam Smith
A Bond theme for and by people that don’t really get what makes a great Bond theme — foreboding, dramatic, and sweeping, but critically lacking in momentum, absurdity, and fun. A.U.
Also Nominated from ’15: Lady Gaga’s fire-throated Diane Warren power ballad “Till It Happens to You” (from the documentary about campus rape The Hunting Ground), and the Weeknd’s career-reviving black-lace waltz, “Earned It (Fifty Shades of Grey).”
Snubbed: Whether you liked it or not, it was pretty inarguable that the biggest song from a movie in 2015 was Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth’s 12-week chart-topper “See You Again,” from Furious 7 . And though it certainly wasn’t technically eligible, it was stark how superior Radiohead’s rejected Spectre theme was to Sam Smith’s statue-winning take.
66. “Evergreen (Love Theme From ‘A Star Is Born’)” (A Star Is Born, 1976)
Written By: Barbra Streisand & Paul Williams
Performed By: Barbra Streisand
A soft-rock megahit, and Babs’ only Oscar-winning song that she actually received a statue for (co-)writing. Nobody makes melodrama as familiar and comforting as Streisand, but “Evergreen” is sorely lacking in the pathos of “The Way We Were” or even the humanity of “Funny Girl.” A.U.
Also Nominated From ’76: Bill Conti’s pump-up perennial “Gonna Fly Now,” a chart-topping quasi-instrumental from the Rocky soundtrack, which has soundtracked about a billion more training montages than Babs’ whole catalog combined.
Snubbed: The entirety of Rose Royce’s supremely funky Car Wash soundtrack, including the group’s two biggest smashes: the sultry ballad “I Wanna Get Next to You” and the clap-happy title track. “Something He Can Feel,” a crossover hit for Aretha Franklin (and later En Vogue ) off the Sparkle soundtrack was also ignored.
65. “We May Never Love Like This Again” (The Towering Inferno, 1974)
Written By: Al Kasha & Joel Hirschorn
Performed By: Maureen McGovern
Points for the super-cold Philly-Soul strings and drums, for its association with the Ben Hur of ’70s disaster pics, and for simply not being “The Morning After.” Otherwise… eh. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’74: Western balladeer Frankie Laine’s straight-faced rendition of Mel Brooks’ title theme to Blazing Saddles.
Snubbed: Legendary Motown writer/producer’s Willie Hutch’s work on the Foxy Brown soundtrack, particularly the title theme (“No, but please don’t make Foxy mad / Or you’ll find out that the lady is superbad”).
64. “Say You Say Me” (White Nights, 1985)
Written By: Lionel Richie
Performed By: Lionel Richie
The chorus is probably Lionel’s dumbest, the verses are even worse (“I had a dream / I had an awesome dream”), and the song is tissue-flimsy enough to make Phil Collins sound like Phil Lynott by comparison. But the airy synths are pretty irresistible, and when those huge ’80s drums kick in, the hands go up in the air reflexively. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’85: Huey Lewis & the News’ universally beloved Back to the Future theme, “The Power of Love,” a song that would get you reported as a communist collaborator for hating on back in ’85.
Snubbed: The biggest snub was probably Simple Minds’ “Don’t You (Forget About Me),” a new-wave totem and generational anthem by virtue of its association with The Breakfast Club. But there were a whole host of ’85 misses, including the best Bond theme in a decade (Duran Duran’s “A View to a Kill”), James Brown’s all-time biggest pop hit (“Living in America,” from Rocky IV), and Madonna’s first two soundtrack gems (“Crazy for You” from Vision Quest and “Into the Groove” from Desperately Seeking Susan).
63. “Glory” (Selma, 2014)
Written By: John Stephens (John Legend), Lonnie Lynn (Common) & Che Smith (Rhymefest)
Performed By: Common & John Legend
Nobody could argue with the intentions or the timeliness behind “Glory,” the gospel-tinged rap ballad that provides the end-credits song to the Civil Rights historical drama Selma. You could argue, however, that the song was a pretty rote anthem-by-numbers, both musically and lyrically, lacking any of the subtlety or detail that made its parent movie so powerful, and leaving little impression beyond its endlessly intoned chorus chant of “GLOOOOORY!” (Given the standing ovation Common and Legend’s performance received last night, though, it seems we may be alone on this one.)
Also Nominated from ’14: The Lonely Island and Tegan & Sara’s “Everything Is Awesome,” the delirious and hilariously over-caffeinated faux pop megahit from the universe of The Lego Movie, as well as the Adam Levine solo soul-pop ballad “Lost Stars,” co-written by the inimitable Gregg Alexander .
Snubbed: “Boom Clap,” Charli XCX’s euphoric breakout solo hit from the Fault in Our Stars soundtrack.
62. “The Shadow of Your Smile” (The Sandpiper, 1965)
Written By: Johnny Mandel & Paul Francis Webster
Performed By: Johnny Mandel & Choir
In its Johnny Mandel and choir incarnation, “Shadow” was hardly the most striking of movie themes, but short and sweet and maybe even the slightest bit sinister. Also a Grammy winner for Song of the Year (as performed by Tony Bennett), beating out the most covered song of the 20th century. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’65: Tom Jones’ jukebox standard “What’s New Pussycat,” from the movie of the same name (Woody Allen’s screenwriting debut!)
Snubbed: Speaking of Jones, he pulled double film duty in ’65, also singing the title song to Thunderball, a supremely underrated Bond movie and theme.
61. “Three Coins in the Fountain” (Three Coins in the Fountain, 1954)
Written By: Jule Styne & Sammy Cahn
Performed By: Frank Sinatra
A somewhat frivolous song contingent on understanding plot points from the film of the same name (or the Roman tradition it’s based on), though it improbably became something of a go-to and trademark number for Ol’ Blue Eyes just the same. A.U.
Also Nominated From ’54: “The Man Who Got Away,” Judy Garland’s big number from the Mk. II film version of A Star Is Born.
Snubbed: Nothing terribly notable — Frank Sinatra’s title theme to “Young At Heart” was released before the movie, and nothing from Carmen Jones (originally a stage musical from a decade earlier) was even close to eligible.
| Top Hat |
What was the first UK number one for Barbra Streisand | Top Hat (1935) - Connections - IMDb
Top Hat (1935)
Jump to: Referenced in (44) | Featured in (32) | Spoofed in (6)
Referenced in
Introducing... Janet (1981) (TV Movie)
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Blue Money (1985) (TV Movie)
Tim Curry sings "Cheek to Cheek;" Curry and Debby Bishop arrive at a costume ball dressed as Fred & Ginger.
Tap (1989)
a couple is called the "black Fred and Ginger"/in their act, they dance to the song "Cheek to Cheek"
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Who played harmonica on Chaka Khan's hit I Feel For You | I Feel For You by Chaka Khan Songfacts
I Feel For You by Chaka Khan Songfacts
Songfacts
Prince wrote this song and released it on his second album, Prince, in 1979. Chaka Khan's version uses more instrumentation and an array of production elements that aren't present in Prince's more stripped-down original. The song is sung in the first person, so the lyrics about being in lust with someone are gender neutral and translated well to a female singer.
The distinctive rap made the song stand out - it certainly grabbed your attention when it came on the radio with the stuttering staccato.
Melle Mel, who was a rapper with Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five, did the rap. The previous year, he rapped on the hit " White Lines ."
Late in the '80s, it was very common for raps to show up in pop songs, but in 1984 rap was still very much a novelty to most listeners. The genius of this song was how it integrated Melle Mel's part without scaring off the pop audience. To do this, producer Arif Mardin specified that the rap have a theme of "Love," with no hip-hop clichés like money and cars. It was also kept short: eight lines with Mel rhyming about Chaka and how much he digs her. The stutter at the very beginning also helped, making the section more comical and less aggressive. Mardin came up with the stutter by accident. He explained to NPR: "As we were mounting the recording onto the main master, my hand slipped on the repeat machine. So it happened to be, 'Chaka-Chaka-Chaka-Chaka-Chaka-Chaka Khan,' and we said, 'Let's keep that. That's very interesting.'"
Stevie Wonder played the harmonica on this track. He recorded it the same day he attended Marvin Gaye's funeral. Wonder wrote the first hit for Chaka's band Rufus: " Tell Me Something Good ."
Chaka had no idea this song was going to contain a rap. The day after she recorded the vocals, her producer Arif Mardin surprised her by playing it for her with Melle Mel's rap. Chaka hated it and couldn't stand hearing her name repeated over and over in the song, but Mardin convinced her it would make the song a hit. The downside is that Chaka was confronted by people rapping her name in imitation of the song, which drove her nuts.
Chaka has a sister named Taka Boom, and Arif Mardin loved the idea of using the names of the sisters as a percussion element in a song. When it came time to order up the rap, he had his arranger Reggie Griffin track down Melle Mel and have him do the rap using the words "Chaka Khan" like a drum beat. Mel did his rap at Sugarhill Studios, and when Mardin first attached it to the song, he put it in the middle, which is where groups like New Edition would place their raps. He eventually decided to move the rap to the beginning and let it bookend the song, with Mel appearing at the beginning and end.
I Feel For You was Chaka's third album as a solo artist, but she released six albums in the '70s with the band Rufus and was well established as an R&B star. Her outsized talent rarely translated to pop success, but Chaka had little interest in pop music, preferring soul or jazz music that she felt was much more challenging. "I Feel For You" served her well financially and allowed her to take on other projects, but it doesn't represent her body of work. "I can sing that kind of stuff in my sleep," she said of the song.
Chaka's label, Warner Bros. Records, was pressuring her for a hit, since her previous solo albums did not sell well. She and her producer, Arif Mardin, decided to appease the label and give them their hit; they were afraid that if they did not deliver, the label would make Chaka record with another producer. Mardin had produced Bette Midler, Aretha Franklin and Dusty Springfield, so he could coax a hit out of a diva when he set his mind to it. He worked with Chaka to give the song a very contemporary arrangement, which meant a lot of synth and a faster tempo than she was used to. The strategy worked and the record company had their hit.
According to Arif Mardin, he selected this song after a representative at Prince's publishing company sent it to him on cassette. Chaka says she was a big Prince fan and had been thinking about recording it for a while, and when they were ordered to make a hit, she remembered it.
The arrangement of this song varied over the years when Chaka performed it in concert. Early on, she would leave out the rap completely, but she eventually warmed up to the intro, which would either be performed by a band member or played back from a recording.
Chaka is a prolific songwriter, but like this song, many of her hits were written by others. She explained in I Got Thunder: Black Women Songwriters and Their Craft , "I have to feel like I wrote the song before I sing it. It has to already feel like it's mine way before I record it. Also, I've been careful to sing songs written by artists whom I have a deep respect and deep admiration for, so that when I come to their songs it falls together in the most natural way."
Chaka wasn't the first to cover this song: The Pointer Sisters recorded it on their 1982 album So Excited!. When Prince wrote the song, he offered it to Patrice Rushen, who turned it down. He had previously offered Rushen " I Wanna Be Your Lover ," but she passed on that one too.
Melle Mel's line in the rap, "Let me take you in my arms, let me fill you with my charms" was based on a lyric from the 1968 Delfonics song "La-La Means I Love You," which goes, "Let me take you in my arms and fill you with my charms."
Melle Mel reprised his rap from this song in the Furious Five track "Step Off," which was released later in 1984.
| Stevie Wonder |
Who did Frank Bruno first fight for the Heavyweight Title of the World | Chaka Khan- I Feel For You - YouTube
Chaka Khan- I Feel For You
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Published on Apr 5, 2013
Chaka Khan- I Feel For You.
Written by Prince.
Produced by Arif Mardin.
Label: Warner Bros.
I Feel for You" is a song written by Prince that originally appeared on his 1979 self-titled album. The most successful and well known version was recorded by female R&B singer Chaka Khan, appearing on her 1984 album, I Feel for You. Prince, as songwriter, won the 1985 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song.
Khan's version featured an all-star supporting cast, with rapping from Melle Mel, keyboard and guitar by The System's David Frank, and harmonica playing by Stevie Wonder. The song also uses vocal samples from Wonder's "Fingertips". The repetition of Khan's name by rapper Melle Mel at the beginning of the song was originally a mistake made by producer Arif Mardin (actually a sample of Melle Mel's song "Step Off"), who then decided to keep it.
This version of the song became a million-selling smash in the U.S. and UK, and it helped to relaunch Khan's career. The song peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in December 1984, matching her previous highest pop chart position from ten years prior (the 1974 hit single, "Tell Me Something Good", which she recorded with the band Rufus). The song remained on the Billboard Hot 100 for 26 weeks and became Billboard's #5 pop song of the year in 1985. The single reached #1 on both the U.S. dance[2] and R&B charts in late 1984, remaining atop both for three weeks each.[3] In addition, the song also reached #1 on the UK Singles Chart. While touring with Prince in 1998 in support of her collaborative album, Come 2 My House, Khan and Prince performed "I Feel for You" as a duet.
The keyboard break from the Prince original was used in the "Beautiful" remix of Prince's #1 1994 single "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World".
There are several lesser-known covers of the song. The Pointer Sisters recorded the song in 1982, two years before Khan's version was a hit, on their album So Excited!. Their version, however, was not a single. Rebbie Jackson also covered the song on her 1984 album, Centipede which was released one week after Khan's album. On an episode of The Mickey Mouse Club, Justin Timberlake and Britney Spears performed "I Feel for You".
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Who was the world cross country long course winner in 1985 and 1986 | Cross-Country: Kenyans pick their winners: Team plan carries the day in the World Championships | The Independent
Cross-Country: Kenyans pick their winners: Team plan carries the day in the World Championships
Sunday 28 March 1993 23:02 BST
Click to follow
The Independent Online
THE KENYANS swept the board at yesterday's World Cross-Country Championships in all but the senior women's race. It came as no surprise to them: such is their domination of the event that team-plans now concern not just how the Kenyans should win, but which Kenyans should win.
William Sigei's victory in the men's senior event, which was led for all but the finishing straight by his team- mates Dominic and Ismail Kirui, was worked out to the last detail. It followed the junior men's and women's races in which Kenyans filled the first four places and Kenya even took the team title in the senior women's race, in which Portugal's Albertina Dias beat Catherina McKiernan of Ireland to the gold and Liz McColgan was Britain's highest finisher in fifth.
But it was the calculated nature of their victory in the last event of the afternoon that best demonstrated their supremacy. 'In the last 500 metres I slowed my speed so that Sigei could come through,' Dominic Kirui said. 'In our training before the race, when we were doing speed work, we saw that Sigei was just better. It was decided that Ismail and I would make good pacemakers for him.'
The man who laid the plans, Kenya's national coach, Mike Kosgei, beamed with pride afterwards. 'Sigei was our darling in the race,' he said. 'When he was running on his own in third place, I told him to stay there. We didn't want anybody to jostle or spike him.'
Thus Sigei, who had won his national trial and is unbeaten on the World Cross Challenge circuit this season, remained between the two leaders and a pack of six which included Khalid Skah, the Moroccan who had disrupted Kenya's run of individual victories in the event by winning in 1990 and 1991.
How the Kenyans rejoiced in the defeat of their bete noire. They had been annoyed by his cockiness in victory, and last summer annoyance turned to rage when Skah was reinstated as Olympic 10,000m champion in place of their own Richard Chelimo, who, they felt, was baulked over the last three laps by Hammou Boutayeb, a team-mate of Skah's.
The bronze medallist, Ismail Kirui, took particular pleasure in seeing Skah finish behind five Kenyans, as he is one of Chelimo's brothers. But it was Dominic Kirui who voiced Kenyan satisfaction. 'We are just avenging what Skah did in Barcelona,' he said, before referring to Skah's reported statements that he would use the Kenyans as pacemakers.
Skah did appear chastened afterwards, although he blamed a recent dispute with his home federation for affecting his mental preparation. Kosgei's planning has now frustrated him twice - in the 1991 world championship 10,000m final the Kenyan coach detailed a runner to stay with the Moroccan while two team-mates, Moses Tanui and Chelimo, pushed on to win gold and silver.
The women's race was diminished by the withdrawal of the Olympic 10,000m champion, Derartu Tulu, half-way through the 6,350m race after she aggravated an injury to her right knee. But the remaining field was still immensely strong, and a determined opening surge from South Africa's Zola Pieterse, who as Zola Budd won this title for Britain in 1985 and 1986, ensured that the race was very fast - the bronze medallist, Lynn Jennings, who had been seeking a fourth consecutive title, described it as the fastest cross-country race she had ever been in.
It proved a little too speedy for McColgan, who is in training for the London Marathon, but she moved steadily up the field from around 30th place, just passing Budd's colleague Elana Meyer, another early leader, on the line. 'I'm disappointed,' she said. 'But to be realistic, these girls have trained for this race.'
Paula Radcliffe, who won the world junior title for Britain in the snow of Boston last year, stuck boldly with the leaders from the start and hung on to 18th place. 'I've never run so fast for so long,' she said. 'But at least I gave myself a chance. Hopefully, I can stay up there longer next year.'
McKiernan hung on gamely to Dias to the end, and believed briefly that she might have improved on the second place she earned last year. Her disappointment was tempered by dollars 10,000 ( pounds 6,500) - her reward for finishing first in the World Cross Challenge series, which climaxed in these championships.
WORLD CROSS-COUNTRY CHAMPIONSHIPS (Amorebieta, Sp): Men (11.75km) 1 W Sigei (Ken) 32min 51sec; 2 D Kirui (Ken) 32:56; 3 I Kirui (Ken) 32:59; 4 M Tanui (Ken) 33:14; 5 E Bitok (Ken) 33:21; 6 K Skah (Mor) 33:22; 7 H Gebreselasie (Eth) 33:23; 8 A Abebe (Eth) 33:29; 9 W Bikila (Eth) 33:31; 10 P Tergat (Ken) 33:35. Teams: 1 Kenya 25pts; 2 Ethiopia 82; 3 Portugal 167; 4 Spain 187; 7 Britain 353. Women (6,350m): 1 A Dias (Por) 20:00; 2 C McKiernan (Irl) 20:09; 3 L Jennings (US) 20:09; 4 Z Pieterse (SA) 20:10; 5 L McColgan (GB) 20:17; 6 E Meyer (SA) 20:18; 7 P Konga (Ken) 20:19; 8 F Fates (Fr) 20:20; 9 I Negura (Rom) 20:20; 10 K Kanbayashi (Japan) 20:23. GB: 18 P Radcliffe (GB) 20:34. Teams: 1 Kenya 52; 2 Japan 93; 3 France 100; 4 South Africa 105; 7 Britain 124. Junior men (7,150m): 1 P Mosima (Ken) 20:18sec; 2 C Kosgei (Ken) 20:20; 3 J Machuka (Ken) 20:23; 4 L Nyakeraka (Ken) 20:23; 5 T Abebe (Eth) 20:28; 6 H Jifar (Eth) 20:50; 7 T Reta (Eth) 20:50; 8 S Kimutai (Ken) 21:03; 9 G Tsega (Eth) 21:04; 10 T Gebre (Eth) 21:05. Teams: 1 Kenya 10; 2 Ethiopia 27; 3 Morocco 76; 4 Spain 114. Junior women (4,450m): 1 G Ondeyo (Ken) 14:04; 2 P Chepchumba (Ken) 14:09; 3 S Barsosio (Ken) 14:11; 4 H Mutai (Ken) 14:14; 5 S Power (Aus) 14:18; 6 C Kirui (Ken) 14:29; 7 E Cosoveanu (Rom) 14:32; 8 A Kato (Japan) 14:34; 9 A Miyazaki (Japan) 14:36; 10 S Nakahito (Japan) 14:40. Teams: 1 Kenya 10; 2 Japan 41; 3 Ethiopia 61; 4 Romania 95; 9 Britain 164.
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| Zola Budd |
At which football league ground can you sit in the Geoffrey Watling Stand | Cross-Country: Kenyans pick their winners: Team plan carries the day in the World Championships | The Independent
Cross-Country: Kenyans pick their winners: Team plan carries the day in the World Championships
Sunday 28 March 1993 23:02 BST
Click to follow
The Independent Online
THE KENYANS swept the board at yesterday's World Cross-Country Championships in all but the senior women's race. It came as no surprise to them: such is their domination of the event that team-plans now concern not just how the Kenyans should win, but which Kenyans should win.
William Sigei's victory in the men's senior event, which was led for all but the finishing straight by his team- mates Dominic and Ismail Kirui, was worked out to the last detail. It followed the junior men's and women's races in which Kenyans filled the first four places and Kenya even took the team title in the senior women's race, in which Portugal's Albertina Dias beat Catherina McKiernan of Ireland to the gold and Liz McColgan was Britain's highest finisher in fifth.
But it was the calculated nature of their victory in the last event of the afternoon that best demonstrated their supremacy. 'In the last 500 metres I slowed my speed so that Sigei could come through,' Dominic Kirui said. 'In our training before the race, when we were doing speed work, we saw that Sigei was just better. It was decided that Ismail and I would make good pacemakers for him.'
The man who laid the plans, Kenya's national coach, Mike Kosgei, beamed with pride afterwards. 'Sigei was our darling in the race,' he said. 'When he was running on his own in third place, I told him to stay there. We didn't want anybody to jostle or spike him.'
Thus Sigei, who had won his national trial and is unbeaten on the World Cross Challenge circuit this season, remained between the two leaders and a pack of six which included Khalid Skah, the Moroccan who had disrupted Kenya's run of individual victories in the event by winning in 1990 and 1991.
How the Kenyans rejoiced in the defeat of their bete noire. They had been annoyed by his cockiness in victory, and last summer annoyance turned to rage when Skah was reinstated as Olympic 10,000m champion in place of their own Richard Chelimo, who, they felt, was baulked over the last three laps by Hammou Boutayeb, a team-mate of Skah's.
The bronze medallist, Ismail Kirui, took particular pleasure in seeing Skah finish behind five Kenyans, as he is one of Chelimo's brothers. But it was Dominic Kirui who voiced Kenyan satisfaction. 'We are just avenging what Skah did in Barcelona,' he said, before referring to Skah's reported statements that he would use the Kenyans as pacemakers.
Skah did appear chastened afterwards, although he blamed a recent dispute with his home federation for affecting his mental preparation. Kosgei's planning has now frustrated him twice - in the 1991 world championship 10,000m final the Kenyan coach detailed a runner to stay with the Moroccan while two team-mates, Moses Tanui and Chelimo, pushed on to win gold and silver.
The women's race was diminished by the withdrawal of the Olympic 10,000m champion, Derartu Tulu, half-way through the 6,350m race after she aggravated an injury to her right knee. But the remaining field was still immensely strong, and a determined opening surge from South Africa's Zola Pieterse, who as Zola Budd won this title for Britain in 1985 and 1986, ensured that the race was very fast - the bronze medallist, Lynn Jennings, who had been seeking a fourth consecutive title, described it as the fastest cross-country race she had ever been in.
It proved a little too speedy for McColgan, who is in training for the London Marathon, but she moved steadily up the field from around 30th place, just passing Budd's colleague Elana Meyer, another early leader, on the line. 'I'm disappointed,' she said. 'But to be realistic, these girls have trained for this race.'
Paula Radcliffe, who won the world junior title for Britain in the snow of Boston last year, stuck boldly with the leaders from the start and hung on to 18th place. 'I've never run so fast for so long,' she said. 'But at least I gave myself a chance. Hopefully, I can stay up there longer next year.'
McKiernan hung on gamely to Dias to the end, and believed briefly that she might have improved on the second place she earned last year. Her disappointment was tempered by dollars 10,000 ( pounds 6,500) - her reward for finishing first in the World Cross Challenge series, which climaxed in these championships.
WORLD CROSS-COUNTRY CHAMPIONSHIPS (Amorebieta, Sp): Men (11.75km) 1 W Sigei (Ken) 32min 51sec; 2 D Kirui (Ken) 32:56; 3 I Kirui (Ken) 32:59; 4 M Tanui (Ken) 33:14; 5 E Bitok (Ken) 33:21; 6 K Skah (Mor) 33:22; 7 H Gebreselasie (Eth) 33:23; 8 A Abebe (Eth) 33:29; 9 W Bikila (Eth) 33:31; 10 P Tergat (Ken) 33:35. Teams: 1 Kenya 25pts; 2 Ethiopia 82; 3 Portugal 167; 4 Spain 187; 7 Britain 353. Women (6,350m): 1 A Dias (Por) 20:00; 2 C McKiernan (Irl) 20:09; 3 L Jennings (US) 20:09; 4 Z Pieterse (SA) 20:10; 5 L McColgan (GB) 20:17; 6 E Meyer (SA) 20:18; 7 P Konga (Ken) 20:19; 8 F Fates (Fr) 20:20; 9 I Negura (Rom) 20:20; 10 K Kanbayashi (Japan) 20:23. GB: 18 P Radcliffe (GB) 20:34. Teams: 1 Kenya 52; 2 Japan 93; 3 France 100; 4 South Africa 105; 7 Britain 124. Junior men (7,150m): 1 P Mosima (Ken) 20:18sec; 2 C Kosgei (Ken) 20:20; 3 J Machuka (Ken) 20:23; 4 L Nyakeraka (Ken) 20:23; 5 T Abebe (Eth) 20:28; 6 H Jifar (Eth) 20:50; 7 T Reta (Eth) 20:50; 8 S Kimutai (Ken) 21:03; 9 G Tsega (Eth) 21:04; 10 T Gebre (Eth) 21:05. Teams: 1 Kenya 10; 2 Ethiopia 27; 3 Morocco 76; 4 Spain 114. Junior women (4,450m): 1 G Ondeyo (Ken) 14:04; 2 P Chepchumba (Ken) 14:09; 3 S Barsosio (Ken) 14:11; 4 H Mutai (Ken) 14:14; 5 S Power (Aus) 14:18; 6 C Kirui (Ken) 14:29; 7 E Cosoveanu (Rom) 14:32; 8 A Kato (Japan) 14:34; 9 A Miyazaki (Japan) 14:36; 10 S Nakahito (Japan) 14:40. Teams: 1 Kenya 10; 2 Japan 41; 3 Ethiopia 61; 4 Romania 95; 9 Britain 164.
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Which politician was attacked by green custard in March 2009 | Police to investigate green custard attack on Mandelson | Environment | The Guardian
Police to investigate green custard attack on Mandelson
Detectives to make inquiries after business secretary calls action by Plane Stupid activist an 'adolescent protest'
Friday 6 March 2009 11.42 EST
First published on Friday 6 March 2009 11.42 EST
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This article is 7 years old
Scotland Yard today launched an inquiry after Peter Mandelson , the business secretary, had a cup of green slime thrown in his face by an environmental protester.
A spokesman for the Metropolitan police said detectives would investigate the incident, which took place as Mandelson was arriving at a low-carbon energy summit in London early this morning, but that no one had been arrested.
News cameras showed the minister genially approaching a young woman after he got out of his car and receiving a large portion of the emerald green liquid – later identified as custard containing added colouring – that she threw at him from a few feet. Mandelson ducked, but not in time to prevent the liquid hitting him on the right side of his face, in his eye and on his coat. The young woman then walked away, unarrested.
She identified herself as Leila Deen, 29, a supporter of the Plane Stupid activist group campaigning against airport expansion. Deen told reporters she had been motivated by reports that the minister had held a meeting with lobbyists for the British Airports Authority, which wants a third runway at Heathrow, a few days before the government endorsed the plan.
She said: "The only thing green about Peter Mandelson is the slime coursing through his veins. That he is trying to make political capital out of climate change ... is an insult to my generation. He is unelected and only represents business interests."
Mandelson described the incident as an "adolescent protest". He said: "She was so busy throwing what seemed like green soup or something in my face that she failed to tell me what the protest was about, but, as you can see, thankfully it was not paint and I have come through it intact."
Deen disputed this, saying: "Peter Mandelson is trying to say he doesn't know what it was about, but as I threw it I said, 'This is for the third runway'."
Initially the police indicated that they would only investigate if they received a complaint. But this afternoon a Metropolitan spokesman said: "Police are investigating circumstances surrounding an incident in Carlton House Terrace, SW1, at about 8am today." ."Officers from Westminster CID will investigate. There have been no arrests. No complaint has been received."
Scotland Yard announced its decision to investigate a few hours after John Prescott, the former deputy prime minister, complained that Deen had not been arrested. In a video post on gofourth , a Labour campaign website, Prescott, who famously punched a protester during the 2001 election, after the man threw an egg at him, said politicians should not have to put up with that sort of treatment.
"What is totally unacceptable is the way the woman walked away claiming it was her right in democracy. She should have been arrested. It is not acceptable that she should be allowed to walk away," Prescott said.
Speaking to the Guardian, Deen explained how the protest had come about. "I had heard Peter Mandelson wanted to talk about climate change and a low-carbon future today; that to me was totally galling," she said.
"He's been actively pushing a high-carbon future through the third runway. I didn't want to let him stand up and talk about that, so last night I decided to make some custard, colour it green, and show how slimy I think he is.
"A lot of people will agree with me. Peter Mandelson is overdue for this kind of treatment."
Asked if she thought her action was non-violent, she said: "Yeah, absolutely." It had been "simply harmless custard", she said.
"It is a confrontational action, it is certainly not a violent action. The police came up to me and said that they wanted to check I wasn't going to try to enter parliament. They said they couldn't comment on what I'd done, but they hoped I had a lovely day."
Deen said Mandelson was an anti-green influence on the government. "He came back and suddenly we've got a third runway that nobody wants. It's quite clear whose side he's on. He's from this generation of people who don't care what kind of legacy they're leaving. Our generation don't have that luxury. We have to think about 30 years' time, when the world is facing a catastrophe."
Mandelson said later that he had never been afraid for his safety. "It could have been nastier," he told reporters. "Thankfully it was sort of, I think, organic and non-toxic. Whilst I'm prepared to take my fair share of the green revolution on to my shoulders, I'm less keen on having it on my face.
"I also don't think that anybody should overreact and, if there's a security issue it's for the police and others. I lived with permanent round-the-clock security when I was Northern Ireland secretary. I don't think I need to go back to that. I'm not afraid for my security as long as I'm doing my job, doing it conscientiously, addressing the right issues as we have been this morning.
"That's what I'm paid to do, that's what I'm accountable to parliament for and that's what I'm going to keep on doing."
He added: "In a sense I guess I should be grateful to the protester for helping us to put this very important subject on the map."
Asked what he thought of the reasons behind the protest, Mandelson said: "I would rather people said it to my face than threw it in my face."
Gordon Brown, addressing the summit, also laughed off the incident, saying: "If anybody doubted the greening of Peter Mandelson and his willingness to take the green agenda on his shoulders we've seen it in practice on our television screens already this morning."
Deen's mother, Sheila, said that her daughter had been aware of green issues since a child and that she was a member of Greenpeace herself. At home in Brighton, she said: "I'm proud that she's got the courage of her convictions and she's prepared to take direct action for injustice. It's not easy to take direct action, to know you run the risk of being arrested."
Mrs Deen, 60, added: "When Leila usually makes custard it's quite lumpy, but this looked pretty smooth."
Plane Stupid has held a number of high-profile disruptive events, protesting against airport expansion plans across the country in recent months, most recently earlier this week at Aberdeen airport when a group blocked a helicopter launch pad for a brief period.
| Peter Mandelson |
"Which Scottish football league side has the motto ""Ready""" | "Splat! Take That, Lord Mandelson; Heathrow Activist Covers Minister with Green Custard" - The Evening Standard (London, England), March 6, 2009 | Online Research Library: Questia
Byline: JOE MURPHY Political Editor
PETER MANDELSON had green custard thrown in his face today by a Heathrow runway protester.
The Business Secretary was attacked as he arrived at a government summit on low-carbon jobs in a ministerial car.
Dressed in a dark suit and overcoat, he was approached by Leila Deen from campaign group Plane Stupid. After catching his attention, she suddenly flung a large coffee cup-full of the custard at him. Lord Mandelson flinched with his eyes tightly shut while shocked aides looked on. The attack surprised staff because, as a former Northern Ireland Secretary and one of the country's best-known politicians, he is a prime target for terrorists. The coffee cup could have contained a caustic agent that could have harmed his eyes.
Lord Mandelson said it appeared to have been a "green soup" because it washed off easily. There were no police around and Ms Deen, 29, was able to ' Green? It's slime in his veins' wander off, looking surprised that she was not arrested.
Lord Mandelson went inside the building and returned within five minutes, washed and wearing a crisp silk tie he had borrowed from his private secretary .
Ms Deen said afterwards: " The only thing green about Peter Mandelson is the slime coursing through his veins." Her campaign group Plane Stupid was set up to protest against airport expansion and in particular the third planned runway at Heathrow, which got government approval this year.
" Lord Mandelson is only working in the best interests of his friends in the air industry and not for the people of Britian," she claimed.
But the minister was determined to appear cool and unruffled and was restored to his usual immaculate appearance when he came outside the venue, the Royal Society at Carlton House Terrace.
Aides said he even cracked a joke about it -- telling one the custard " looked like guacamole" -- a reference to an old story that he one mistook chip shop mushy peas for guacamole. …
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| i don't know |
What is the motto of the Girl Guides | Girl Guides - The Canadian Encyclopedia
Women
Girl Guides
The branches of the Guiding movement include Sparks, Brownies, Guides, Pathfinders, Rangers, Cadets and Junior Leaders, with groups in most communities in every province and territory, under the leadership of women volunteers and community leaders.
Girl Guides
Girl Guides of Canada-Guides du Canada (GGC) is a voluntary organization that promotes the emotional, physical, intellectual and spiritual well-being of girls and women through values-based programs. Official operations in Canada date from 1910 when the first group, St. Catharines Company, was registered. Membership grew quickly and by 1912 every province had groups that gathered to create the Canadian Girl Guides Association, with Lady Mary Pellatt as Canada's first Chief Commissioner. In 1917, an Act of Parliament approved the Canadian Girl Guides Association's Constitution. Another act of Parliament in 1961 changed the associations' name to Girl Guides of Canada-Guides du Canada.
The branches of the Guiding movement include Sparks, Brownies, Guides, Pathfinders, Rangers, Cadets and Junior Leaders, with groups in most communities in every province and territory, under the leadership of women volunteers and community leaders.
The philosophy of the organization is expressed in the Promise: "I promise to do my best, To be true to myself, my beliefs and Canada; I will take action for a better world, and respect the Guiding Law" (Brownies say "and respect the Brownie law.") The Law and the motto "Be Prepared" reflect the Guiding's aim to help girls and young women become responsible citizens, able to give leadership and service to the community, whether local, national or global.
The program is designed to provide opportunities for girls and women: to develop personal values and respect for self and others; to be challenged through new experiences; to develop a sense of well-being; to achieve a sense of pride in accomplishment; to learn to work co-operatively with others; to learn and practise decision making; to make friends and have fun through the fellowship of Guiding; to acquire practical and leadership skills; to learn about the natural environment and how to preserve it; to develop knowledge and understanding of other countries, their people and cultures; to put into practice the principle of service.
The Guide program is designed for girls. It is diverse and relevant to today's changing society. Women leaders provide role models and bring the program to girls and young women in a community atmosphere with a spirit of fun and friendship. Leadership training is of vital importance to the organization, contributing to the effectiveness of adults functioning as leaders of Units, Councils and Committees, as well as providing personal growth and enrichment.
There are 13 Councils comprising ten provinces and three territories, each of which may be divided into Area, Division and District Councils with the National Council as its governing body. Membership in Guiding is voluntary and open to girls and women who are willing to make the Promise, without distinction of creed, race, class, nationality or any other circumstances. The program provides opportunities in the areas of Home, Community, World, Outdoors and Camping, and is divided into five age groups. Learning about the situations of girls and women throughout the world and what Guiding in Canada can do for them is an important aspect of the girls' programs. Global awareness leads to understanding of the interdependence of peoples throughout the world; appreciation of one's own country, culture and heritage; and acceptance of the cultures and heritages of other people. Some famous women who were Girl Guides include Canada's first woman astronaut, Roberta BONDAR , and actor Andrea MARTIN . Canada is a Charter Member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) which represents more than 10 million girls and women in more than 140 countries. WAGGGS maintains four World Centres (England, Switzerland, India and Mexico). Girl Guides hold a National Conference every two years.
recommended
| Be Prepared |
What was Andy Williams theme song | Malta Girl Guides
Malta Girl Guides
I promise....
Once you get to know more about guiding, you are ready to make your promise! All Girl Guides and Girl Scouts around world make their promise. This is a promise to do our best in everything we do. It does not mean getting high marks in an exam, or coming first in a competition; it means trying your hardest to reach the very best of your ability. Here is the Girl Guide Promise:
I promise that I will do my best,
To do my duty to God,
To serve my country,
And to keep the Guide Laws.
The Promise Ceremony
This is recited during the Promise Ceremony. Your guider will decide when you are ready to make your promise. Then you decide together with the rest of the Girl Guide Coy (that what a Girl Guides Unit is called) how you want to celebrate your Promise Ceremony. You can decide to wear your official or your camp uniform, you can decide to do it indoors or out door... you can even do it during a camping and include props such as a bridge... or even hold an activity such as a Promise Evening where you invite friends and family and put up a show. It's your choice and it is an endless choice.
During the Promise Ceremony, the Guider will ask you if you are ready to say your promise. After the promise is recited, you will, together with your guider, do the left-hand shake and salute. Your are then are asked to salute your Country flag as well as the WAGGGS World Flag.
Left-hand shake & Salute
Yes - We have a special hand-shake for us girl guides - We use our left hand to shake hands with sister guides to show that our handshake is truthful and from the heart- this is because our left hand is closest to our heart.
The Salute is a hand gesture that represents the three points of the promise: Duty to God, Serve your Country & other People, and keep the Guide laws.
Guide Laws
The Guide's Laws are laws that the guide must try to follow in everything she does and with everyone she meets.
A guide is loyal and can be trusted.
A Guide is helpful and considerate.
A guide makes good use of her time and abilities.
A guide is a friendly and shares in the sisterhood of guiding
A Guide is polite and respectful.
A guide protects the environment and respects all living things.
Motto
Girl Guides and Girl Scouts around the world have a Motto they share - It was first set by the founder of the Scouts Organization - Lord Baden Powell and also has his initials BP.
Be Prepared!
Through our programme, we learn to be prepared for what life has installed for us... we also learn to prepare for what might happen in these instances.
Find out more
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What was the original name of seventies group Hawkwind | Hawkwind | New Music And Songs |
Hawkwind
About Hawkwind
Any sci-fi fan with a long memory probably remembers those 1970s' DAW paperback editions of Michael Moorcock's sword-and-sorcery novels, with their images of heavily armored, very muscular warriors carrying large swords and standing against eerie landscapes and starscapes. Take that imagery, throw in some names and terminology seemingly lifted from the Marvel Comics of the era (and particle physics articles of the period), and translate it into loud but articulate hard rock music. That's more or less what Hawkwind are about. One of England's longest-lasting hard rock bands, Hawkwind were formed during the late '60s, just as art rock was coming into its own. They combined bold guitar, synthesizer, and Mellotron sounds, creating music that crossed paths with Chuck Berry and the Moody Blues without sounding like either of them. At their best, Hawkwind's early records sounded like the Beatles of "Yer Blues" combined with the Cream of "I Feel Free." The introduction of lyrics steeped in science fiction and drug effects on their second album helped define Hawkwind and separate them from the competition -- in some ways they were like Pink Floyd with more of a rock & roll beat and a vengeance. They've never charted a record anywhere near the same heights as the Floyd, but it's a sign of the dedication of the fans they do have that the group has dozens of albums available, including archival releases of decades-old live shows and multiple compilations, and they're the pioneers of what fans have come to call "Space Rock."
Hawkwind's history has been marked by a series of confusing lineup changes, as members began an almost revolving-door relationship with the band virtually from the outset. The seeds of the group were planted when guitarist/singer Dave Brock and guitarist Mick Slattery of the group Famous Cure, which was playing a gig in Holland in 1969, met saxman/flutist/singer Nik Turner, a member of Mobile Freakout, on the same tour. Once back in England, Brock, Slattery, and Turner hooked up again and, adding John Harrison on bass, Terry Ollis on drums, and DikMik Davies on electronic keyboards, called themselves Group X, later changed to Hawkwind Zoo, and finally to Hawkwind. They secured a contract with United Artists/Liberty Records in England. Before the group recorded, however, Huw Lloyd Langton replaced Mick Slattery on guitar.
The fledgling band hooked up with two Pretty Things alumni -- drummer Viv Prince, who occasionally joined Hawkwind on-stage, and bassist (and onetime Rolling Stones member) Dick Taylor, who was recruited as a producer but played on their early records. Their first single, "Hurry on Sundown" (aka "Hurry on a Sundown") b/w "Mirror of Illusion," was released in July of 1970, just in time for Harrison to exit the lineup, to be replaced by bassist Thomas Crimble. Their first album, Hawkwind, was released to little public notice in August, but that same month the group made a modest splash by playing outside the fences of the Isle of Wight Festival.
The following month, Huw Lloyd Langton quit the band along with Thomas Crimble -- the replacement bassist, ex-Amon Düül member Dave Anderson, joined in May of 1971, the same month that DikMik Davies quit, to be replaced on keyboards by Del Dettmar. In June of that year, two more new members came aboard -- poet Robert Calvert, who became lead vocalist, and a dancer named Stacia, who began appearing with the group on-stage. Meanwhile, the band also hooked up with artist Barney Bubbles, who gave Hawkwind a new image, redesigning their stage decor and equipment decoration, and devising distinctive new album graphics.
Ex-bassist Crimble helped arrange for the group's performance at the Glastonbury Fayre in Somerset in June of 1971, which gave Hawkwind fresh exposure and brought them to the attention of writer Michael Moorcock, who was entering a vastly popular phase in his career as the author of many science fiction and fantasy novels. Moorcock helped organize some of their performances, as well as occasionally serving as a substitute for Calvert.
Equally important, in August of 1971, Dave Anderson departed the group, and DikMik Davies returned to the lineup to join Dettmar on keyboards, bringing in Anderson's replacement -- his friend Lemmy (born Ian Kilmister), an ex-roadie for Jimi Hendrix and a member of the rowdy mid-'60s Blackpool rock & roll band the Rocking Vicars. Lemmy had joined the group just in time to participate on the recording of the band's second album, In Search of Space.
Released in October of 1971, it proved a defining work, carving out new frontiers of metal, drug, and science-fiction-laced music, including one major classic song, "Masters of the Universe," which became one of the group's most popular concert numbers and turned up on numerous studio and live compilations. More lineup changes followed, as Simon King succeeded Terry Ollis on the drums in January of 1972. The group played the Greasy Truckers Party -- a showcase of underground and alternative music and politics -- at the Roundhouse in London the next month, parts of which surfaced on a pair of subsequent albums. All of these lineup changes and career steps had been compromised by a string of annoying bad luck and thefts of equipment, which were serious enough to threaten their solvency. Coupled with Bob Calvert's shaky health, the result of a nervous breakdown, Hawkwind went into 1972 on very uncertain footing.
The group's early sound, characterized by their singles up through that point, was essentially hard rock with progressive trappings. They slotted in perfectly with the collegiate and drug audiences, putting on the kind of show that acts like King Crimson and ELP were known for, but with more of a pure rock & roll base (not surprising, considering Lemmy's background). Their commercial breakthrough took place when a version of the hard-driving rocker "Silver Machine," sung by Lemmy, made it to number three on the British charts in August of 1972. They were unable to maintain this unexpected flash of mass success, particularly when their follow-up single, "Urban Guerrilla," a surprisingly melodic rocker with lots of crunchy guitar at the core of multiple layers of metallic sound, was withdrawn amid a series of terrorist attacks in London, even though it had reached the British Top 40 and seemed poised to mimic "Silver Machine"'s success.
The British tour that followed "Silver Machine," their first major circuit of the country, gave them more concert exposure, and their third album, Doremi Fasol Latido, released in November of 1972, got to the number 14 spot on the British charts. This album codified the group's science fiction orientation, presenting an elaborate mythology about the history of the universe (or some universe) into which the group and its music were woven. By this time, they had a major reputation as a live act, and rose to the occasion with an elaborate concert show called the Space Ritual. Their fourth album, Space Ritual, was a double-disc set recorded in concert and issued in June of 1973; it got to number nine.
By the time of their next album, In the Hall of the Mountain Grill in 1974, Bob Calvert had departed to work on a planned solo project (Captain Lockheed & the Starfighters), and violinist and keyboard player Simon House had joined the group. This was the heyday of progressive bands such as Yes, ELP, and Genesis, and Hawkwind's mix of dense keyboard textures and heavy metal guitar and bass, coupling classical bombast and hard rock, became the sudden recipient of massive international press coverage; though they'd never charted a record in the United States, they became well known to readers of the rock press, and their records were available as imports.
The group toured the United States twice during this era, once in late 1973 and again in the spring of the next year. These tours had their usual share of problems -- the band and its entire entourage were arrested in Indiana for non-payment of taxes -- but it was after the release of their 1975 album, Warrior on the Edge of Time, that a major membership change ensued. They were touring the U.S. behind the release of the album when Lemmy was arrested on drug charges. He was fired from the band and went on to form Motörhead, a successful and influential metal band. His exit also took away a lot of the energy and focus driving the group's sound. There was talk about Hawkwind calling it quits, but they carried on with Lemmy's replacement, Paul Rudolph, and with Bob Calvert back in the lineup. By this time, their chances for a breakthrough in America had been reduced considerably by the chart success of such groups as Kansas and Blue Õyster Cult, both of which melded proletarian rock with progressive sensibilities in just the right portions to appeal to kids on the U.S. side of the Atlantic.
Hawkwind's revamped lineup did release a new album, Astounding Sounds, which performed moderately well, and followed it a year later with Quark Strangeness and Charm (1977), which had a good title song, among other virtues. Hawkwind were still working as a quintet, but by this time their chronic instability was about to reach critical levels: at the end of their 1978 American tour, Calvert quit the band again, and the entire group virtually disbanded. When the smoke cleared, Calvert had put together a direct offshoot group, the Hawklords, and abandoned an entire finished album to record 25 Years On with a lineup that included Brock, Martin Griffiths on drums, Steve Swindells on keyboards, and Harvey Bainbridge on drums. That record made a respectable showing at number 48 on the British charts with a supporting tour, but the new group wasn't much more stable than the old one, with drummer Griffiths gone by December of 1978.
Then Calvert quit (again), while Simon King, who had been a Hawkwind member a couple of years earlier, rejoined on drums, replacing Griffiths. The group was left as a four-piece and resumed the use of the name Hawkwind in January of 1979. Huw Lloyd Langton was back in the lineup by May of 1979, while Tim Blake replaced a departing Swindells. This lineup proved relatively stable and recorded a very successful live album (number 15 in the U.K.), released as part of a new contract with Bronze Records. One big change took place in September of 1980 when Ginger Baker replaced Simon King, although Baker himself only lasted until March of 1981, when he was let go from the band and replaced by "Hawklords" drummer Martin Griffiths. This core lineup cut a string of decent-selling albums through 1984, which were embraced by the heavy metal community and initially propelled into the Top 30 and Top 20 in England, culminating with another live album. By the time of their 1984 album, This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic, released under a new contract with Flickknife Records, Turner, Brock, and Langton were back together again.
By this time, the band's '70s recordings were starting to show up in profusion, in competition with their then-current work. Ironically, it was in 1985, just as Hawkwind were starting to compete with their own early history, that they released their most ambitious record of all, Chronicle of the Black Sword. An adaptation of Michael Moorcock's sci-fi novels, the album was also a return to their old style. It was in this same period that Brock, Turner, Langton, Anderson, Crimble, Bainbridge, and Slattery attended the first Hawkwind Convention, held in Manchester -- Turner left soon after, but the remaining members held together for three years, a record for the band.
Bob Calvert, who had quit the band twice at the end of the '70s, died of a heart attack in 1988. Hawkwind were still together, however, and the following year even managed their first American tour since Calvert's first exit from the band. Performance artist Bridget Wishart began singing for the group, becoming Hawkwind's first and only female frontperson. By 1990, their fortunes were on the upswing again, when their sudden embrace of the rave culture on a new album, Space Bandits, gave them a new chart entry and a distinctly younger listenership. Their commercial revival was short-lived, however, and by 1991, they were busying themselves re-recording their classic material. They toured America again in 1992.
They were left as a trio after a falling out among the bandmembers at the end of that tour, and apart from periodic reissues of Hawkwind's classic material, the surviving group achieved a serious following on the underground, drug-driven dance/rave scene in England, ironically returning to a modern version of the band's roots. Subsequent albums featured far more electronics than traditional rock instrumentation. They played various major showcases (including the 12 Hour Technicolor Dream All Nighter at Brixton Academy), as well as benefit performances. Their entire catalog has been reissued on CD by several different labels (Griffin, Cleopatra, One Way, Magnum, etc.), in some cases recompiled and retitled (especially the live recordings), including numerous compilations and archival explorations, all very confusing and numbering in the dozens.
In 1999, Hawkwind celebrated their 30th anniversary with the release of a triple-CD anthology titled Epocheclipse. A reunion concert titled Hawkestra was scheduled to coincide with the release, but was postponed until October 2000. The three-hour set took place at Brixton Academy and included performances by 20 of the group's members. After the concert, the group toured with a core lineup of Brock, drummer Richard Chadwick, vocalist Ron Tree, guitarist Jerry Richards, and bassist Alan Davey, with guest contributions from several other members. Nik Turner also began gathering former Hawkwind members for a separate lineup, referred to as xhawkwind.com, but Brock pursued legal action, and Turner's version became known as Space Ritual.
Official lineups of Hawkwind toured and released live albums, and they organized a festival titled Hawkfest in summer of 2002. A subsequent concert at the Wembley Arena featured guest appearances from Arthur Brown and Lemmy. The studio album Take Me to Your Leader appeared in 2005, including Brown as well as Lene Lovich among its guests. Take Me to Your Future, a DualDisc CD/DVD, followed in 2006. Davey left the band by the end of the year and was replaced by Mr. Dibs. Jon Sevink of the Levellers occasionally began playing violin during Hawkwind gigs during 2009, as the band celebrated its 40th anniversary.
In 2010, British magazine MOJO honored Hawkwind with the Maverick Award at their annual awards ceremony. The group released studio album Blood of the Earth on Eastworld Records, with a lineup including Brock, Dibs, Chadwick, returning keyboard player Tim Blake, and multi-instrumentalist Niall Hone. Following tours of Australia and Europe, the studio album Onward emerged in 2012. Keyboardist Dead Fred joined the group during the album's tour. In November, Brock released the solo album Looking for Love in the Lost Land of Dreams, and Hawkwind Light Orchestra (comprising Brock, Chadwick, and Hone) issued Stellar Variations. In 2013, Cherry Red reissued Warrior on the Edge of Time, and Hawkwind performed the entire album during their Warrior 2013 Tour. Brock received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Prog Rock Awards held in London that September, and the full-length Spacehawks appeared shortly after.
In February of 2014, Hawkwind performed Space Ritual at a benefit concert titled Rock 4 Rescue. English actor Brian Blessed appeared on the song "Sonic Attack," and a studio recording was subsequently released as a single. The concert was eventually released as a CD/DVD set titled Space Ritual Live in March of 2015. A month later, Hawkwind made their first ever visit to Japan, performing two sold-out concerts in Tokyo. Brock issued the solo album Brockworld in November. In April of 2016, Hawkwind's The Machine Stops, a studio album based on the similarly titled sci-fi short story by E.M. Forster, was released by Cherry Red. ~ Bruce Eder, Rovi
| Gröûp X |
What was the name of the disastrous musical based on the life of Johnny Cash that ended on Broadway after only a month | Hawkwind on Apple Music
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Biography
Any sci-fi fan with a long memory probably remembers those 1970s' DAW paperback editions of Michael Moorcock's sword-and-sorcery novels, with their images of heavily armored, very muscular warriors carrying large swords and standing against eerie landscapes and starscapes. Take that imagery, throw in some names and terminology seemingly lifted from the Marvel Comics of the era (and particle physics articles of the period), and translate it into loud but articulate hard rock music. That's more or less what Hawkwind are about. One of England's longest-lasting hard rock bands, Hawkwind were formed during the late '60s, just as art rock was coming into its own. They combined bold guitar, synthesizer, and Mellotron sounds, creating music that crossed paths with Chuck Berry and the Moody Blues without sounding like either of them. At their best, Hawkwind's early records sounded like the Beatles of "Yer Blues" combined with the Cream of "I Feel Free." The introduction of lyrics steeped in science fiction and drug effects on their second album helped define Hawkwind and separate them from the competition -- in some ways they were like Pink Floyd with more of a rock & roll beat and a vengeance. They've never charted a record anywhere near the same heights as the Floyd, but it's a sign of the dedication of the fans they do have that the group has dozens of albums available, including archival releases of decades-old live shows and multiple compilations, and they're the pioneers of what fans have come to call "Space Rock." Hawkwind's history has been marked by a series of confusing lineup changes, as members began an almost revolving-door relationship with the band virtually from the outset. The seeds of the group were planted when guitarist/singer Dave Brock and guitarist Mick Slattery of the group Famous Cure, which was playing a gig in Holland in 1969, met saxman/flutist/singer Nik Turner, a member of Mobile Freakout, on the same tour. Once back in England, Brock, Slattery, and Turner hooked up again and, adding John Harrison on bass, Terry Ollis on drums, and DikMik Davies on electronic keyboards, called themselves Group X, later changed to Hawkwind Zoo, and finally to Hawkwind. They secured a contract with United Artists/Liberty Records in England. Before the group recorded, however, Huw Lloyd Langton replaced Mick Slattery on guitar. The fledgling band hooked up with two Pretty Things alumni -- drummer Viv Prince, who occasionally joined Hawkwind on-stage, and bassist (and onetime Rolling Stones member) Dick Taylor, who was recruited as a producer but played on their early records. Their first single, "Hurry on Sundown" (aka "Hurry on a Sundown") b/w "Mirror of Illusion," was released in July of 1970, just in time for Harrison to exit the lineup, to be replaced by bassist Thomas Crimble. Their first album, Hawkwind, was released to little public notice in August, but that same month the group made a modest splash by playing outside the fences of the Isle of Wight Festival. The following month, Huw Lloyd Langton quit the band along with Thomas Crimble -- the replacement bassist, ex-Amon Düül member Dave Anderson, joined in May of 1971, the same month that DikMik Davies quit, to be replaced on keyboards by Del Dettmar. In June of that year, two more new members came aboard -- poet Robert Calvert, who became lead vocalist, and a dancer named Stacia, who began appearing with the group on-stage. Meanwhile, the band also hooked up with artist Barney Bubbles, who gave Hawkwind a new image, redesigning their stage decor and equipment decoration, and devising distinctive new album graphics. Ex-bassist Crimble helped arrange for the group's performance at the Glastonbury Fayre in Somerset in June of 1971, which gave Hawkwind fresh exposure and brought them to the attention of writer Michael Moorcock, who was entering a vastly popular phase in his career as the author of many science fiction and fantasy novels. Moorcock helped organize some of their performances, as well as occasionally serving as a substitute for Calvert. Equally important, in August of 1971, Dave Anderson departed the group, and DikMik Davies returned to the lineup to join Dettmar on keyboards, bringing in Anderson's replacement -- his friend Lemmy (born Ian Kilmister), an ex-roadie for Jimi Hendrix and a member of the rowdy mid-'60s Blackpool rock & roll band the Rocking Vicars. Lemmy had joined the group just in time to participate on the recording of the band's second album, In Search of Space. Released in October of 1971, it proved a defining work, carving out new frontiers of metal, drug, and science-fiction-laced music, including one major classic song, "Masters of the Universe," which became one of the group's most popular concert numbers and turned up on numerous studio and live compilations. More lineup changes followed, as Simon King succeeded Terry Ollis on the drums in January of 1972. The group played the Greasy Truckers Party -- a showcase of underground and alternative music and politics -- at the Roundhouse in London the next month, parts of which surfaced on a pair of subsequent albums. All of these lineup changes and career steps had been compromised by a string of annoying bad luck and thefts of equipment, which were serious enough to threaten their solvency. Coupled with Bob Calvert's shaky health, the result of a nervous breakdown, Hawkwind went into 1972 on very uncertain footing. The group's early sound, characterized by their singles up through that point, was essentially hard rock with progressive trappings. They slotted in perfectly with the collegiate and drug audiences, putting on the kind of show that acts like King Crimson and ELP were known for, but with more of a pure rock & roll base (not surprising, considering Lemmy's background). Their commercial breakthrough took place when a version of the hard-driving rocker "Silver Machine," sung by Lemmy, made it to number three on the British charts in August of 1972. They were unable to maintain this unexpected flash of mass success, particularly when their follow-up single, "Urban Guerrilla," a surprisingly melodic rocker with lots of crunchy guitar at the core of multiple layers of metallic sound, was withdrawn amid a series of terrorist attacks in London, even though it had reached the British Top 40 and seemed poised to mimic "Silver Machine"'s success. The British tour that followed "Silver Machine," their first major circuit of the country, gave them more concert exposure, and their third album, Doremi Fasol Latido, released in November of 1972, got to the number 14 spot on the British charts. This album codified the group's science fiction orientation, presenting an elaborate mythology about the history of the universe (or some universe) into which the group and its music were woven. By this time, they had a major reputation as a live act, and rose to the occasion with an elaborate concert show called the Space Ritual. Their fourth album, Space Ritual, was a double-disc set recorded in concert and issued in June of 1973; it got to number nine. By the time of their next album, In the Hall of the Mountain Grill in 1974, Bob Calvert had departed to work on a planned solo project (Captain Lockheed & the Starfighters), and violinist and keyboard player Simon House had joined the group. This was the heyday of progressive bands such as Yes, ELP, and Genesis, and Hawkwind's mix of dense keyboard textures and heavy metal guitar and bass, coupling classical bombast and hard rock, became the sudden recipient of massive international press coverage; though they'd never charted a record in the United States, they became well known to readers of the rock press, and their records were available as imports. The group toured the United States twice during this era, once in late 1973 and again in the spring of the next year. These tours had their usual share of problems -- the band and its entire entourage were arrested in Indiana for non-payment of taxes -- but it was after the release of their 1975 album, Warrior on the Edge of Time, that a major membership change ensued. They were touring the U.S. behind the release of the album when Lemmy was arrested on drug charges. He was fired from the band and went on to form Motörhead, a successful and influential metal band. His exit also took away a lot of the energy and focus driving the group's sound. There was talk about Hawkwind calling it quits, but they carried on with Lemmy's replacement, Paul Rudolph, and with Bob Calvert back in the lineup. By this time, their chances for a breakthrough in America had been reduced considerably by the chart success of such groups as Kansas and Blue Õyster Cult, both of which melded proletarian rock with progressive sensibilities in just the right portions to appeal to kids on the U.S. side of the Atlantic. Hawkwind's revamped lineup did release a new album, Astounding Sounds, which performed moderately well, and followed it a year later with Quark Strangeness and Charm (1977), which had a good title song, among other virtues. Hawkwind were still working as a quintet, but by this time their chronic instability was about to reach critical levels: at the end of their 1978 American tour, Calvert quit the band again, and the entire group virtually disbanded. When the smoke cleared, Calvert had put together a direct offshoot group, the Hawklords, and abandoned an entire finished album to record 25 Years On with a lineup that included Brock, Martin Griffiths on drums, Steve Swindells on keyboards, and Harvey Bainbridge on drums. That record made a respectable showing at number 48 on the British charts with a supporting tour, but the new group wasn't much more stable than the old one, with drummer Griffiths gone by December of 1978. Then Calvert quit (again), while Simon King, who had been a Hawkwind member a couple of years earlier, rejoined on drums, replacing Griffiths. The group was left as a four-piece and resumed the use of the name Hawkwind in January of 1979. Huw Lloyd Langton was back in the lineup by May of 1979, while Tim Blake replaced a departing Swindells. This lineup proved relatively stable and recorded a very successful live album (number 15 in the U.K.), released as part of a new contract with Bronze Records. One big change took place in September of 1980 when Ginger Baker replaced Simon King, although Baker himself only lasted until March of 1981, when he was let go from the band and replaced by "Hawklords" drummer Martin Griffiths. This core lineup cut a string of decent-selling albums through 1984, which were embraced by the heavy metal community and initially propelled into the Top 30 and Top 20 in England, culminating with another live album. By the time of their 1984 album, This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic, released under a new contract with Flickknife Records, Turner, Brock, and Langton were back together again. By this time, the band's '70s recordings were starting to show up in profusion, in competition with their then-current work. Ironically, it was in 1985, just as Hawkwind were starting to compete with their own early history, that they released their most ambitious record of all, Chronicle of the Black Sword. An adaptation of Michael Moorcock's sci-fi novels, the album was also a return to their old style. It was in this same period that Brock, Turner, Langton, Anderson, Crimble, Bainbridge, and Slattery attended the first Hawkwind Convention, held in Manchester -- Turner left soon after, but the remaining members held together for three years, a record for the band. Bob Calvert, who had quit the band twice at the end of the '70s, died of a heart attack in 1988. Hawkwind were still together, however, and the following year even managed their first American tour since Calvert's first exit from the band. Performance artist Bridget Wishart began singing for the group, becoming Hawkwind's first and only female frontperson. By 1990, their fortunes were on the upswing again, when their sudden embrace of the rave culture on a new album, Space Bandits, gave them a new chart entry and a distinctly younger listenership. Their commercial revival was short-lived, however, and by 1991, they were busying themselves re-recording their classic material. They toured America again in 1992. They were left as a trio after a falling out among the bandmembers at the end of that tour, and apart from periodic reissues of Hawkwind's classic material, the surviving group achieved a serious following on the underground, drug-driven dance/rave scene in England, ironically returning to a modern version of the band's roots. Subsequent albums featured far more electronics than traditional rock instrumentation. They played various major showcases (including the 12 Hour Technicolor Dream All Nighter at Brixton Academy), as well as benefit performances. Their entire catalog has been reissued on CD by several different labels (Griffin, Cleopatra, One Way, Magnum, etc.), in some cases recompiled and retitled (especially the live recordings), including numerous compilations and archival explorations, all very confusing and numbering in the dozens. In 1999, Hawkwind celebrated their 30th anniversary with the release of a triple-CD anthology titled Epocheclipse. A reunion concert titled Hawkestra was scheduled to coincide with the release, but was postponed until October 2000. The three-hour set took place at Brixton Academy and included performances by 20 of the group's members. After the concert, the group toured with a core lineup of Brock, drummer Richard Chadwick, vocalist Ron Tree, guitarist Jerry Richards, and bassist Alan Davey, with guest contributions from several other members. Nik Turner also began gathering former Hawkwind members for a separate lineup, referred to as xhawkwind.com, but Brock pursued legal action, and Turner's version became known as Space Ritual. Official lineups of Hawkwind toured and released live albums, and they organized a festival titled Hawkfest in summer of 2002. A subsequent concert at the Wembley Arena featured guest appearances from Arthur Brown and Lemmy. The studio album Take Me to Your Leader appeared in 2005, including Brown as well as Lene Lovich among its guests. Take Me to Your Future, a DualDisc CD/DVD, followed in 2006. Davey left the band by the end of the year and was replaced by Mr. Dibs. Jon Sevink of the Levellers occasionally began playing violin during Hawkwind gigs during 2009, as the band celebrated its 40th anniversary. In 2010, British magazine MOJO honored Hawkwind with the Maverick Award at their annual awards ceremony. The group released studio album Blood of the Earth on Eastworld Records, with a lineup including Brock, Dibs, Chadwick, returning keyboard player Tim Blake, and multi-instrumentalist Niall Hone. Following tours of Australia and Europe, the studio album Onward emerged in 2012. Keyboardist Dead Fred joined the group during the album's tour. In November, Brock released the solo album Looking for Love in the Lost Land of Dreams, and Hawkwind Light Orchestra (comprising Brock, Chadwick, and Hone) issued Stellar Variations. In 2013, Cherry Red reissued Warrior on the Edge of Time, and Hawkwind performed the entire album during their Warrior 2013 Tour. Brock received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Prog Rock Awards held in London that September, and the full-length Spacehawks appeared shortly after. In February of 2014, Hawkwind performed Space Ritual at a benefit concert titled Rock 4 Rescue. English actor Brian Blessed appeared on the song "Sonic Attack," and a studio recording was subsequently released as a single. The concert was eventually released as a CD/DVD set titled Space Ritual Live in March of 2015. A month later, Hawkwind made their first ever visit to Japan, performing two sold-out concerts in Tokyo. Brock issued the solo album Brockworld in November. In April of 2016, Hawkwind's The Machine Stops, a studio album based on the similarly titled sci-fi short story by E.M. Forster, was released by Cherry Red. ~ Bruce Eder
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Which was the longest moon landing | NASA's lunar landings, and the astronauts that landed on the moon, ideal research for space projects or homework!
On 20th July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. Read on to find out about Neil Armstrong, and the other NASA astronauts who visited the moon as part of the Apollo programme. As specialist retailers of space toys, space dressing up and other fun space stuff, we love everything about space exploration. If you have any queries or think something is missing, please email us at [email protected]
If you would like to visit our online shop, please visit www.spacekids.co.uk
NASA's challenge - to go to the moon!
Around fifty years ago, the United States of America and Russia were competing with each other to prove that they were the most powerful country in the world. Space exploration became a key area in which they could show their superiority.
Russia beat the United States to put the first man in space, when in 1961 Yuri Gagarin flew into space in his rocket, Vostok 1.
Newly elected US President John F Kennedy decided to show America's might by challenging NASA to put a man on the moon , in less than ten years.
Click to hear an excerpt of the speech John F Kennedy made at Rice University in 1962, outlining his plans for a manned American mission to the moon.
The first men to walk on the moon
On 20th July 1969, NASA met President Kennedy's challenge, and Neil Armstrong (left) and Buzz Aldrin (right) became the first and second men to walk on the moon. Listen to a sound clip of the landing by clicking here .
Michael Collins (centre) waited for them in orbit around the moon, in the command module spacecraft that would take them all home.
When they landed, the first words said on the moon were "the Eagle has landed", and as Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon's surface he said "that's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Listen to this famous speech by clicking here .
They explored the moon's surface for less than three hours, collecting 22 kilograms of rocks for study back on earth. When they returned to earth they were welcomed as celebrities, and international heroes!
The first Apollo crew died tragically in an accident during training. NASA then made changes to make Apollo spacecraft safer for their crews.
Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft that flew the 250,000 miles to the moon. They flew round the moon and came back again, but did not land.
Apollo 11 was the mission where NASA were satisfied every part of the spacecraft had been tested and was ready for an attempt to land on the moon.
The last Apollo mission was Apollo 17. By 1972 public interest was waning in moon landings, and since Apollo 17, no-one has returned to the moon.
The early Apollo missions
Following President Kennedy's challenge in 1961, NASA began a race to land people on the moon before the end of the 1960's. After the Apollo 1 tragedy, when a fire inside the command module killed three astronauts, NASA revisited the design of the Apollo spacecraft, making many changes to improve safety.
When Apollo missions restarted, they were unmanned - Apollo flights 2 to 6 were remote controlled flights, used by NASA to test each of the parts of the Apollo spacecraft, making sure everything worked before any astronauts were carried into space.
Apollo 7 was the first manned flight, and Apollo 8 proved that astronauts could fly all the way to the moon and back, though the crew did not land. Apollo 9 and 10 were used for testing the Lunar Module, the spacecraft that would land on the moon.
That meant that by Apollo 11, everything was ready to attempt a moon landing!
Landing on the moon
Using the knowledge gained from the previous Apollo missions, NASA decided the Apollo 11 crew would try for a moon landing. Three days after launching from earth, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin flew the Lunar Module down to the moon's surface.
The world listened as the astronauts struggled to find a suitable site to land their spacecraft. When they touched down, their instruments reported that they had only about 20 seconds worth of fuel left!
The Lunar Module carried cameras that allowed Apollo 11 to broadcast TV pictures of the astronauts stepping down onto the surface of the moon, and 600 million people around the world tuned in to watch this historic moment.
On this first visit to the moon, the astronauts spent less than three hours exploring. They had to learn as much as they could - they even tried out different ways to move on the moon, to see what would work best. Buzz even tried kangaroo hopping to see if that would be easier than walking!
The Apollo 13 rescue
After Apollo 11 and 12, everyone expected another successful mission. However, half way to the moon there was an explosion on Apollo 13. A wiring fault was the cause, badly damaging the Command Module. Precious air was leaking out of the spacecraft.
The astronauts had to work with the scientists on earth to improvise repairs to the spacecraft, using air from the Lunar Module to breathe, and even leaving the heating off to save battery power, making the journey home very cold. They even had to time a critical engine burn using a wristwatch !
The NASA team worked hard to bring the damaged craft and crew safely home.
The last moon mission
The last Apollo mission in 1972 was the longest moon mission - the crew lived on the moon for three days. They spent over twenty hours exploring the moon's surface, taking 115 kilograms of soil and rocks for study back on earth. As with the previous two Apollo missions, the crew used a Boeing Lunar Rover, a small electric car they used to drive 35 kilometres around the lunar surface during the mission.
The last moon crew included the first ever scientist-astronaut. Before Apollo 17, every NASA astronaut was an expert jet pilot, but for the last trip to the moon, Jack Schmitt was chosen. He was an expert geologist, who was better able to explore, describe and interpret what he saw and found on the moon.
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. Before this, he was a jet pilot who flew the X15 - the fastest aeroplane ever!
After retiring from NASA, Neil Armstrong became a college teacher.
Jack Schmitt was part of the last crew to visit the moon, and the first scientist astronaut. He was a geologist, and could expertly study moon soil and rocks.
Schmitt helped teach the other Apollo astronauts about rocks.
John Young became a famous astronaut, after being a test pilot for the US Navy. He flew on Gemini space missions before going to the moon on Apollo 17.
In 1981 John Young became the first astronaut to pilot the Space Shuttle.
Once on the moon, the astronauts spent some of their time setting out experiments that would transmit information about the moon back to earth. It was tricky to set up these experiments, whilst wearing a space suit, and not all of them worked!
Living on the moon was far from comfortable. Both astronauts slept in the cramped Lunar module, which did not even have any beds - the astronauts slept on the floor. On the Apollo 17 mission, two astronauts lived in this tiny spacecraft for three days!
While exploring the moon's surface, Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard famously hit two golf balls, to demonstrate to the public the effect of low gravity on a familiar object. He reported that ball went for "miles and miles!"
Alan Bean was the fourth visitor to the moon, as part of the Apollo 12 crew.
After his moon visit he became an artist, painting moon scenes. When he paints he adds genuine moon dust to the paintings for texture!
Jim Lovell took the trip to the moon not once, but twice!
Sadly, he never actually got to walk on the moon - Apollo 8 was not designed to land, and Apollo 13 could not because it was damaged by an explosion on the way.
Alan Shepard was commander of the Apollo 14 moon landing.
He had been the second man in space after Yuri Gagarin in 1961, but could not fly as an astronaut again until 1969 because of an ear disease.
Return to the moon
NASA is working towards a return to the moon, scheduled for 2020. The new spacecraft that will take astronauts there will be very similar to the Apollo spacecraft, using giant rockets to lift off from the earth.
Four crew members will go to the moon each time, and all four will land and explore. When they leave the moon, the parts of their spacecraft will be left behind as building blocks, from which a permanent moon base will be constructed.
An artists impression of the new moon rocket is shown on the left.
If you would like to own a replica spacesuit, or a fantastic model of the Saturn V rocket that took the Apollo Astronauts to the moon, Why not visit the Spacekids online shop for fun space related toys, dressing up, and other cool stuff at www.spacekids.co.uk
visit our learn webpages for more articles about space exploration at www.spacekids.co.uk/learn
| Apollo 17 |
What is the name given to a small hot dying star | Apollo 17 launch and mission LIVE on TV, December 1972 - YouTube
Apollo 17 launch and mission LIVE on TV, December 1972
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Published on Aug 27, 2013
(From 5V1NA70G). Launch of Apollo 17 LIVE on TV and the best moments of the mission. WIKIPEDIA CUTS INFO: Apollo 17 was the final mission of the United States' Apollo lunar landing program, and was the sixth landing of humans on the Moon. Launched at 12:33 AM Eastern Standard Time (EST) on December 7, 1972, with a three-member crew consisting of Commander Eugene Cernan, Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans, and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt, Apollo 17 remains the most recent manned Moon landing and the most recent crewed flight beyond low Earth orbit.[2][3] After Apollo 17, extra Apollo spacecraft were used in the Skylab and Apollo--Soyuz Test Project programs.
Apollo 17 was the sixth Apollo lunar landing, the first night launch of a U.S. human spaceflight and the final crewed launch of a Saturn V rocket. It was a "J-type mission," missions including three-day lunar surface stays, extended scientific capability, and the third Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). While Evans remained in lunar orbit above in the Command/Service Module (CSM), Cernan and Schmitt spent just over three days on the lunar surface in the Taurus-Littrow valley, conducting three periods of extra-vehicular activity, or moonwalks, during which they collected lunar samples and deployed scientific instruments. Cernan, Evans, and Schmitt returned to Earth on December 19 after an approximately 12-day mission.[2]
The decision to land in the Taurus-Littrow valley was made with the primary objectives for Apollo 17 in mind: to sample lunar highland material older than the impact that formed Mare Imbrium and investigating the possibility of relatively young volcanic activity in the same vicinity. Taurus-Littrow was selected with the prospects of finding highland material in the valley's north and south walls and the possibility that several craters in the valley surrounded by dark material could be linked to volcanic activity.[4]
Apollo 17 also broke several records set by previous flights, including the longest manned lunar landing flight; the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities; the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.[5][6] Dan Beaumont: I rebroadcasts these videos on my site, from 5V1NA70G channel on YouTube for more research facility. The reason is a problem of identification (TAGS).
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What were the names of the first two monkeys to return from space | After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten : NPR
After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten
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After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten
After 50 Years, Space Monkeys Not Forgotten
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Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, is tucked inside her capsule and ready to launch into space aboard a Jupiter missile. She traveled into space on May 28, 1959, along with Able, an American-born rhesus monkey. NASA hide caption
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NASA
Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, is tucked inside her capsule and ready to launch into space aboard a Jupiter missile. She traveled into space on May 28, 1959, along with Able, an American-born rhesus monkey.
NASA
Able is extricated from the nose cone after it was recovered from the ocean. NASA hide caption
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Able is extricated from the nose cone after it was recovered from the ocean.
NASA
In Huntsville, Ala., there is an unusual grave site where, instead of flowers, people sometimes leave bananas.
The gravestone reads: "Miss Baker, squirrel monkey, first U.S. animal to fly in space and return alive. May 28, 1959."
Fifty years ago, when Baker made her famous flight, she had some company in the nose cone of the Jupiter ballistic missile: a rhesus monkey named Able.
Able and Baker were shot about 360 miles up into space and experienced about nine minutes of weightlessness. Their safe return occurred two years before any humans flew into space, and it made them huge celebrities.
The monkeys appeared on the cover of Life magazine, and at a press conference, news correspondents "pushed each other and clambered over chairs to get closer," reported The New York Times.
Meanwhile, the newspaper noted, "the monkeys were far less excited than the humans. They munched peanuts and crackers."
Early Space Travelers
Able and Baker were not the first living creatures to return to Earth alive from space, although that myth seems to be out there, says Chris Dubbs, co-author of the book Animals in Space: From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle.
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In 1947, the United States sent up fruit flies, which were the first living things to travel into space, Dubbs says. "And then they started sending monkeys."
America's first attempt to send up a monkey was in 1948. For over a decade, all monkey flights failed for one reason or another, Dubbs says.
In one case, the rocket exploded. Another monkey died on impact when its parachute failed. After another parachute failure, a monkey plummeted into the sea and was never recovered. One monkey mission saw the animals return home safely, but their vehicle hadn't traveled high enough for them to actually reach space.
Meanwhile, the Soviets were sending up dogs and having success bringing them back alive from suborbital flights, Dubbs says. At least 30 of those animals returned alive.
The first animal who actually orbited the planet was a dog named Laika, though she did not survive the entire flight. She was launched in 1957 in Sputnik 2.
"Americans were aware of this," Dubbs says, "and the space race was clearly on by the time that Able and Baker came on the scene."
Two Tiny Astronauts
Able was a rhesus monkey, and Baker was a much smaller squirrel monkey.
Because the rhesus monkey is revered by some in India, U.S. officials stressed that Able had been born not in India, but in Independence, Kan.
The monkeys' missile blasted off in the early morning hours from Cape Canaveral and traveled 1,700 miles in 16 minutes, reaching an altitude of about 360 miles.
The bright missile lit up the dark sky, says Joseph Guion, who commanded the Navy vessel USS Kiowa that retrieved the monkeys.
"You could read a newspaper on the bridge of the ship, it was so bright," he says. "The nose cone arced down, almost like a shooting star, down toward the water. It just came down very rapidly and — boom — it was gone."
He and his crew at first thought it had sunk. But then a lookout spotted the nose cone bobbing in the water, and they struggled to get it on board.
Military personnel on the ship checked on the monkeys and then sent out a message: "Able Baker perfect. No injuries or other difficulties."
Guion says he was floored to see how tiny Baker's capsule was.
"It was about the size of a large thermos bottle," he says, recalling that Baker was "extremely easy to talk to and hold. She was like a little doll. Able was just the opposite. You could not get near her."
The two monkeys were taken to the officer's wardroom, where air conditioning had been installed for their comfort. Later, they were flown to Washington, D.C., under military escort, for the press conference.
A Hundred Letters A Day
Unfortunately, Able died just a few days later, during a medical procedure to remove an electrode. Her stuffed body is on display at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum.
But Baker lived another 25 years, mostly at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Ala.
"She would get 100 to 150 letters a day from schoolchildren," says Ed Buckbee, a former director of the center. Children read about her in textbooks and wanted to say hello. "She was very prominent in the story of our early spaceflight ventures."
The pioneering monkeys weren't forgotten, even after the first humans reached space in 1961.
More than 300 people attended Baker's funeral service when she died of kidney failure in 1984, Buckbee says.
And, he says, often at her grave at the entrance to the rocket center, "you'll see a banana or two laying there. You know, some youngster brought it or somebody heard the story and wanted to leave something in memory, kind of like leaving flowers over a person's grave."
Watch monkeys Able and Baker get prepped for takeoff and launched into space.
Source: Universal-International News
| Monkeys and apes in space |
Which planet in the Solar System has a great dark spot | Space Today Online - Animals - Dogs in Space
MONKEYS AND OTHER ANIMALS IN SPACE »
The first men and women who traveled in space — in the 1960s — depended on the sacrifices of other animals that gave their lives for the advancement of human knoweldge about the conditions in outer space beyond this planet's protective ozone layer, about the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, and about the effects of stress on behavior. Preparations for human space activities depended on the ability of animals that flew during and after the 1940s to survive and thrive. Let's look at Russia's space dogs first, then the other animals in space .
Near the end of the 1950s, the U.S.S.R. was preparing to send a dog into orbit above Earth. The Soviets used nine so-called Space Dogs to test spacesuits in the unpressurized cabins of spaceflight capsules. For practice suborbital flights , the dogs Albina and Tsyganka were blasted upward to the edge of Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of 53 miles where they were ejected to ride safely down to Earth in their ejection seats.
Subsequent suborbital flights by the space dogs reached altitudes as high as 300 miles. Then came the stunning 1957 launches of Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2 to orbit. What is a suborbital flight? »
Laika and Sputnik 2
Laika inside Sputnik 2
[Tass News Agency photo via Russian Space Agency]
Scientists in the Soviet Union were sure that organisms from Earth could live in space. To demonstrate that, they sent the world's second artificial space satellite — Sputnik 2 — to space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on November 3, 1957.
On board was a live mongrel dog named Laika (Barker in Russian) on a life-support system. Laika also was known as Kudryavka (Little Curly in Russian). The American press nicknamed the dog Muttnik.
While other animals had made suborbital flights, Laika was the first animal to go into orbit. She suffered no ill effects while she was alive in an orbit at an altitude near 2,000 miles.
Laika had been a stray dog — mostly a Siberian husky and around three years old — rounded up from the Moscow streets and trained for spaceflight. She was carried aloft in a capsule which remained attached to the converted SS-6 intercontinental ballistic missile which rocketed her to orbit.
The 1,120-lb. Sputnik 2 was outfitted with scientific gauges, life-support systems, and padded walls, but was not designed for recovery. Laika was supported inside the satellite by a harness that allowed some movement and access to food and water. Electrodes transmitted vital signs including heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing rate.
The American press nicknamed the dog Muttnik. She captured the hearts of people around the world as the batteries that operated her life-support system ran down and the capsule air ran out. Life slipped away from Laika a few days into her journey. Later, Sputnik 2 fell into the atmosphere and burned on April 14, 1958.
Today, Laika again captures the hearts of people with a monument to her erected 40 years after her spaceflight by the Russians to honor fallen cosmonauts at Star City outside Moscow. The likeness of Laika can be seen peeping out from behind the cosmonauts in the monument.
Laika also is remembered on a plaque at the Moscow research center where she was trained.
Verterok or Veterok (Little Wind)
Ugolyok or Ugolek (Little Piece of Coal)
Five of the dogs died in flight:
Laika, Bars, Lisichka, Pchelka, and Mushka.
Here are their stories:
Bars and Lisichka
On July 28, 1960 a test flight related to the Vostok spacecraft was launched. The booster exploded during launch and the dogs Bars (Panther or Lynx) and Lisichka ( Little Fox) on board the spacecraft were killed.
Russian dogs Strelka and Belka went into space aboard Sputnik 5 and returned healthy [NASA Archive]
Memorial Museum of Astronautics »
Belka and Strelka
Korabl-Sputnik-2 (Spaceship Satellite-2), also known as Sputnik 5, was launched on August 19, 1960. On board were the dogs Belka ( Squirrel) and Strelka (Little Arrow). Also on board were 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants.
After a day in orbit, the spacecraft's retrorocket was fired and the landing capsule and the dogs were safely recovered. They were the first living animals to survive orbital flight.
Strelka later gave birth to six puppies, one of which was given to Caroline Kennedy, daughter of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, by Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev.
Today, the bodies of Strelka and Belka remain preserved at the Memorial Museum of Astronautics in Moscow. Belka sits in a glass case in the museum while Strelka is part of a traveling exhibit that has visited the U.S., China, Australia, Israel and other countries.
Pchelka and Mushka
Space dogs Pchelka (Little Bee) and Mushka (Little Fly) were launched on December 1, 1960 aboard Korabl-Sputnik-3, also known as Sputnik 6. This spacecraft also spent a day in orbit . However, the retrofire burn was not performed with the correct orientation and the capsule reentered the atmosphere at too steep an angle and was destroyed.
Damka and Krasavka
On December 22, 1960 another Korabl Sputnik was launched carrying the dogs Damka (Little Lady) and Krasavka (Beauty). The booster's upper rocket stage failed and the launch was aborted. The dogs were safely recovered after their unplanned suborbital flight.
Kosmos 110 flight record dogs Verterok and Ugolyok
Chernushka and Sputnik 9
Korabl-Sputnik-4, also known as Sputnik 9 was launched on March 9, 1961 and carried the black dog Chernushka (Blackie) on a one orbit mission. Also onboard the spacecraft was a dummy cosmonaut, mice and a guinea pig.
Zvezdochka and Sputnik 10
Korabl-Sputnik-5, also known as Sputnik 10 was launched on March 25, 1961 and carried the dog Zvezdochka (Little Star) and a dummy cosmonaut — a wooden mannequin — on a one orbit mission. This final rehearsal for the Vostok 1 flight was successful. Days later, Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space on April 12, 1961, spending 108 minutes orbiting above Earth in his Vostok 1 capsule.
Verterok and Ugolyok
The biosatellite Kosmos 110 (also known as Voskhod 3) was launched on February 22, 1966 and carried the dogs Verterok or Veterok (Little Wind) and Ugolyok or Ugolek (Little Piece of Coal).
The dogs were to be observed in orbit for 23 days via video transmission and biomedical telemetry. Their spacecraft landed on March 16, 1966 after a 22 day flight.
Theirs still stands as the canine spaceflight record and was not surpassed by humans until the flight of Skylab 2 in June 1974.
Monkeys and Other Animals
A variety of large and small animals — not just dogs — have been flown to space for science experiments in orbit.
Fruit flies were launched on a V2 rocket from White Sands, New Mexico, to the edge of space in July 1946 to study the effects of high-altitude radiation. The rocket reached an altitude of about 100 miles.
How high is high? » Where does space begin? »
Monkeys named Albert
The very first primates ever fired to an altitude near space were the monkeys Albert 1 and Albert 2. They died in 1949 in the nose cones of captured German V-2 rockets during U.S. launch tests.
The V-2 rockets carried Air Force Aero Medical Laboratory monkeys named Albert I, II, III, and IV high in the atmosphere to see how they might withstand space conditions. All of the monkeys survived the upward trip, but were killed when parachutes failed to open and the nose cones impacted the ground.
Yorick and 11 Mice
A monkey and mice died in 1951 when their parachute failed to open after the the U.S. Air Force launched an Aerobee rocket from Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico.
Later that year — on September 20 — the U.S. Air Force launched the first animal flight near space that ended with a live occupant. The nosecone on the Aerobee rocket carried a monkey named Yorick and 11 mice to a height of 45 miles. Space is said to began at 50 miles. When the animals were recovered alive, it went down in the record book as the first successful flight near space for living creatures.
The last Air Force launch of an Aerobee rocket on — May 22, 1952 — carried two mice named Mildred and Albert, and two Phillipine monkeys named Patricia and Mike. Scientists watched the signal from a video camera in the nosecone to see the effects of acceleration, weightlessness and deceleration as the monkeys and mice flew to an altitude of 36 miles.
To measure effects of 2,000-mile-per-hour acceleration, Mike was strapped in a prone position and Patricia was supported upright in a seated position. The mice were seen floating in a holding drum as they encountered weightlessness. The animals survived the parachute landing. Patricia and Mike lived the rest of their lives at the National Zoological Park at Washington, D.C.
Gordo the Squirrel Monkey
America turned away from preparing for human space flight for half a decade. In those years before NASA, the military focused on missiles as weapons.
Laika re-focused the nation's attention on spaceflight. A year after her launch, the U.S. Army launched a squirrel monkey named Gordo aboard a Jupiter AM-13 booster on a suborbital flight on December 13, 1958. The monkey completed the flight up and down safely. However, during his recovery, a flotation device in the rocketºs nose cone failed and Gordo died.
Monkeys Able and Baker
The U.S. launched two monkeys six months later — a female rhesus named Able and a female squirrel monkey named Baker — aboard a Jupiter AM-18 rocket suborbital flight in 1959. The monkeys flew to an altitude of 300 miles up at speeds over 10,000 mph. The monkeys were weightless for nine minutes. They were recovered successfully. Afterward, sensors that had been used to transmit vital signs data were removed in surgery. During the operation, Able died from the anesthetic.
Rhesus monkey suited up for Little Joe launch of Mercury capsule [NASA archive]
Sam and Miss Sam
Mercury capsules atop Little Joe rockets were used to blast the rhesus monkeys Sam and Miss Sam to space. Sam lifted off on December 4, 1959, and traveled 55 miles into space. He tested a Mercury couch and restraint harness that would be used to protect astronauts during high acceleration periods in manned Mercury flights. Sam was recovered alive in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, by the USS Borie. Back in the lab, he reportedly embraced Miss Sam joyfully.
Miss Sam, in turn, journeyed upward in a Mercury capsule on January 21, 1960. However, she flew only to an altitude of nine miles during a 58-minute test of an escape system for future Mercury manned flights. She also was recovered in the Atlantic Ocean, by a Marine helicopter.
A Chimpanzee Ham
Ham was named in honor of Holloman Aerospace Medical Center, New Mexico, where the chimpanzees lived and also in honor of Holloman commander Lt. Col. Hamilton Blackshear. In training for his suborbital flight to space, the four-year-old chimpanzee practiced with three other chimps pulling levers to receive rewards for correct choices. Eventually, Ham was blasted off inside Mercury capsule number 5 atop a Redstone rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 31, 1961. His mission was to prove that live animals aboard a spacecraft could carry out their jobs during launch, weightlessness and reentry.
Unfortunately, Ham's rocket overshot and boosted the chimp in his capsule to a speed of 5,857 mph. That was 1,457 mph faster than planned, which resulted in Ham experiencing 1.7 more minutes of weightlessness than projected. He was weightless for a total of 6.6 minutes. The excess power also shot the capsule 122 miles off course. Even so, Ham was able to perform his tasks almost perfectly.
The Mercury capsule landed far outside the Atlantic Ocean target zone at 12:12 p.m., 60 miles from the nearest recovery ship, the destroyer Ellison. Lying on its side in the water, the capsule was battered by waves. Tears in the landing bag capsized the craft. An open cabin pressure relief valve let sea water in. It was beginning to submerge when Navy rescue helicopter pilots found it. At 2:52 p.m. a helicopter managed to snag the craft and lift it and 800 pounds of sea water out of the ocean. After dangling all the way to a ship, the capsule was lowered to the deck. Nine minutes later Ham came out in good condition. He happily accepted an apple and half an orange.
Ham survived in good condition to retire to the National Zoological Park at Washington, D.C., on April 2, 1963. The success of his Mercury capsule flight led directly to the launch of Alan Shepard on America's first human suborbital flight on May 5, 1961.
Enos in Orbit
The first non-human primate in orbit was the chimp Enos launched November 29, 1961, in a Mercury capsule in preparation for manned flight. Enos was said to be the first "living being" sent to orbit by the United States.
Primates are mammals, such as humans, apes, monkeys and lemurs, having large brains, eyes that look forward with a highly developed sense of vision, flexible hands and feet, and usually opposable thumbs they can bend to help pick up objects. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first primate in orbit when he flew in space in April 1961. Of course, other primates had been sent almost to space earlier and other animals , the Russian space dogs, had been in orbit before Enos or Gagarin.
Enos blasted off atop an Atlas 5 rocket and completed two orbits before being brought down one orbit early because his Mercury capsule was not performing exactly as planned. In even so, Enos successfully performed his jobs in space. After the success of the chimp's flight, John Glenn was launched on February 20, 1962, to become the first American to orbit Earth.
Cats in simulated spacesuits [NASA archive]
Felix the Cat
France launched a black and white stray tomcat of the Paris streets on October 18, 1963, on Veronique AGI sounding rocket No. 47 from the Hammaguir test range in Algeria. Was it a male named Felix. Or a female named Felicette? Whichever, it was the first cat in space as the capsule in the rocket's nose cone separated at 120 miles altitude and descended by parachute. Electrodes in the cat's brain transmitted neurological impulses to a ground station. The cat was recovered. Another cat flight on October 24, 1963, failed and was not recovered. Flights were directed by France's Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherches de Medecine Aeronautique (CERMA).
Biosatellites
The U.S. launched a series of biological capsules to investigate the influence of space flight on living organisms.
Biosatellite I, launched Dec. 14, 1966, was lost when the retrorocket failed to ignite and it could not land.
Biosatellite 2, launched Sept. 7, 1967, was recovered. The scientific payload included 13 biology and radiation experiments exposed to microgravity during 45 hours in Earth orbit. Living things in the biological capsule included insects, frog eggs, microorganisms and plants. The three-day flight was cut short by the threat of a tropical storm in the recovery area and a communication problem between the satellite in orbit and the tracking systems on the ground.
Biosatellite 3, launched June 29, 1969, three weeks before the first men were to land on the Moon. A male pig-tailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina) named Bonnie was the passenger set to orbit in Biosatellite 3 for a month. Unfortunately, Bonnie had to brought down, ill from loss of body fluids, after only 8.8 days. He died shortly after landing on July 7.
Russia, cooperating with the U.S. and European nations, has flown a number of biosatellites in orbit, testing different kinds of plants and animals in weightlessness. The biological test flights have carried white Czechoslovakian rats, rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, newts, fruit flies, fish and others.
Orbiting Frog Otolith
The Orbiting Frog Otolith satellite (OFO-A), launched by the U.S. on Nov. 9, 1970, from Wallops Island, Virginia, on a Scout rocket, carried two bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Biologists wanted a better understanding of the effect of microgravity on the otolith, a sensory organ that responds to changes in an animal's orientation within Earth's gravitational field. The Frog Otolith Experiment Package (FOEP) kept the two frogs alive in orbit. They were housed in a water-filled, self-contained centrifuge which supplied the test acceleration during orbit. The FOEP stayed in orbit for seven days. The satellite was not recovered.
Arabella spider on Skylab-3 [NASA archive]
Arabella, the Orb Weaver
NASA's Skylab 3 space station crew flight on July 28, 1973, carried a student experiment with Arabella, the orb weaving garden spider (Araneus diadematus) for 59.5 days. The spider, which had a distinctive white cross mark on its abdomen, was able to weave the traditional orb web in the near-zero-gravity environment only with practice. Such webs are logarithmic spirals – sometimes incorrectly referred to as concentric circles – of silk threads that are small in the center and larger at the outer area of the web. A spider uses its own sense of its weight to determine the amount of silk to spin into the web, so gravity is important in the construction. The Skylab student experiment observed how microgravity affected Arabella's weight sensing ability.
Bion Satellites
The U.S.S.R. launched a series of biological capsules to investigate the influence of space flight on living organisms. The series of Bion satellites was designed to study the effects of radiation and the space environment on biology. The Bion satellite is modified from a Zenit type of spysat. It is lofted to space by a Soyuz rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia. Bion launches began in 1973. The first Bion carried tortoises, rats, insects, and fungi. Other missions have carried plants, mold, quail eggs, fish, newts, frogs, cells, and seeds. Starting with Bion 6, the missions carried pairs of monkeys.
Bion 1/Cosmos 605 launched on Oct. 31, 1973, looked into the influence of space flight on living organisms and tested life-support systems for biological entities. The capsule as recovered.
Bion 2/Cosmos 690 launched Oct. 23, 1974, investigated the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Bion 3/Cosmos 782 launched Nov. 25, 1975, carried 25 rats and other animals. It was the first time that the United States participated in the Soviet Cosmos Program. Scientists from France, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. participated in these investigations.
Bion 4/Cosmos 936 launched August 3, 1977, carried 30 rats among experiments from the U.S.S.R., the U.S., Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and the German Democratic Republic. The biosatellite was recovered near Kustanay in Central Asia after orbiting for 18.5 days.
Bion 5/Cosmos 1129 launched Sept. 25, 1979, carried 37 rats biology experiments in embryo development and radiation medicine from Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the German Democratic Republic, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. Experiments included the first attempt to breed rats in space.
Bion 6/Cosmos 1514 launched Dec. 14, 1983, carried monkeys named Abrek and Bion and several pregnant rats. It was the first U.S.S.R. orbital flight of a non-human primate. More than 60 experiments were performed by scientists from Bulgaria, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, France, the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. American scientists conducted three experiments on the primates and another experiment on the rat subjects. The capsule was recovered.
Bion 7/Cosmos 1667 launched July 10, 1985, carried monkeys named Verniy and Gordiy. It was the second USSR biosatellite mission with a primate payload. It also featured a large rodent payload. Countries participating in the mission were the USSR, U.S., France, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. The U.S. conducted only a single experiment cardiovascular experiment on one of the two flight monkeys.
Bion 8/Cosmos 1887 launched Sept. 29, 1987, carried monkeys named Drema and Erosha, ten rats and other animals.
Bion 9/Cosmos 2044 launched Sept. 15, 1989, carried 29 U.S. and U.S.S.R. life science experiments conducted on two rhesus monkeys, ten rats, fish, amphibians, insects, worms, protozoans, cell cultures and plants. The monkeys were named Zhankonya and Zabiyaka. It was was the seventh Soviet Biosatellite to orbit the Earth with joint U.S./U.S.S.R. experiments. Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Canada, Poland, Britain, Romania, Czechoslovakia and the European Space Agency also participated.
Bion 10/Cosmos 2229 launched Dec. 29, 1992, carried monkeys named Ivasha and Krosha. After 12 days in Earth orbit, the capsule was recovered north of the city of Karaganda. This Cosmos 2229 mission also was referred to as Bion 10, because it was the tenth in a series of Soviet/Russian unmanned satellites carrying biological experiments.
Bion 11 launched 24 December 1996 carried monkeys named Lalik and Multik.
First Manned Animal Lab in Orbit
NASA began a series of shuttle flights carrying live animals to space with the launch of Challenger flight STS-51B on April 28, 1985. Two squirrel monkeys and 24 albino rats were housed in Spacelab, a reusable space laboratory developed for NASA shuttles by the European Space Agency. Known as Spacelab-3, it actually was the second flight of Spacelab.
Scientists wanted to see if there were any physical and behavior changes brought about by space flight. The adult male monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were housed in life-supporting cages. They were not restrained and instrument probes were not implanted in the monkeys.
"The two monkeys on Spacelab 3 were purposely not given names. However, if my memory serves me right, they did have numbers which were 385-80 and 3065," according to J.W. Cremin, Spacelab 3 mission manager.
During the flight, both monkeys ate less food and were less active in space than on the ground. One monkey adapted quickly to microgravity. The other exhibited symptoms like the condition astronauts refer to as Space Adaptation Syndrome. That indisposed monkey did not eat and drank little water for four days of flight. On the fifth day, the astronauts hand-fed banana pellets to him and he began to act more like the first monkey.
After Challenger returned to Earth on May 5, 1985, the monkeys and rats were healthy and in good condition. Post-flight tissue analyses were not performed on the flight monkeys. That means they were not killed.
STS-90 swordtail fish [NASA]
In 1990, a Japanese reporter took green tree frogs to the Mir space station.
Oyster Toad Fish and Crickets
U.S. shuttle Columbia and a crew of seven astronauts launched April 17, 1998, on flight STS-90, a Neurolab mission taking along a menagerie of 170 newborn rats and pregnant mice, 229 tiny swordtail fish, 135 snails, four prehistoric-looking oyster toad fish, and 1,500 cricket eggs and larvae. The animals were in the Spacelab module in Columbia's cargo bay. The seven astronauts studied how the very-low-gravity environment of near-Earth orbit influenced the animals' brains and central nervous systems.
Animals aboard shuttle Columbia's last flight
Columbia flight STS-107 was lost with its crew of seven astronauts on February 1, 2003. Much of the science data gathered during 16 days in orbit was lost. However, NASA was able to harvest some experimental results because the astronauts had beamed their data down by radio while still in space. Other experiments were recovered amidst the debris on the ground.
Surprisingly, hundreds of worms, known as C. elegans, were found alive. They were the only live experiments found. About the size of a pencil point, the worms have a life cycle of 7-10 days. Those found were four to five generations removed from the original worms sent to space in Columbia to test a synthetic nutrient solution.
The shuttle carried other small animals, including silkworms, spiders, carpenter bees, harvester ants, and Japanese killfish. It also carried roses, moss and other plants, as well as bacteria and slime mold.
The moss Ceratodon was flown on Columbia to study how gravity affects cell organization. The moss was sprayed during the flight with a chemical that destroyed its protein fiber. Then formaldehyde was used to preserve the dead moss. Some of the moss was found in the debris.
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What is the study of symbols and the rules for manipulating symbols in mathematics called | Mathematics- Open Courses by Atlantic International University - AIU
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The following course in Mathematics is provided in its entirety by Atlantic International University's "Open Access Initiative " which strives to make knowledge and education readily available to those seeking advancement regardless of their socio-economic situation, location or other previously limiting factors. The University's Open Courses are free and do not require any purchase or registration, they are open to the public.
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Complementary activities that will make research more about the topic , as well as put into practice what you studied in the lesson. These activities are not part of their final evaluation.
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Lesson 1: Mathematics
Mathematicians seek out patterns and use them to formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof. When mathematical structures are good models of real phenomena, then mathematical reasoning can provide insight or predictions about nature. Through the use of abstraction and logic, mathematics developed from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects.
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Lesson 2: Number Systems
A number is a mathematical object used to count, label, and measure. In mathematics, the definition of number has been extended over the years to include such numbers as 0, negative numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers.
Mathematical operations are certain procedures that take one or more numbers as input and produce a number as output. Unary operations take a single input number and produce a single output number. For example, the successor operation adds 1 to an integer, and thus the successor of 4 is 5.
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Lesson 3: Exponents
Exponentiation is a mathematical operation, written as bn, involving two numbers, the base b and the exponent (or power) n. When n is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication; in other words, a product of n factors, each of which is equal to b (the product itself can also be called power)
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Lesson 4: Logarithms
In mathematics, the logarithm of a number is the exponent to which another fixed value, the base, must be raised to produce that number. For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 10 to the power 3 is 1000: 1000 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 103. More generally, for any two real numbers b and x where b is positive and b ≠ 1,
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Lesson 5: Algebra in Administration
Algebra (from Arabic al-jebr meaning "reunion of broken parts") is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form algebra is the study of symbols and the rules for manipulating symbols and is a unifying thread of all of mathematics.As such, it includes everything from elementary equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields.
Lesson 6: Mathematical Functions
In mathematics, a function[1] is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output. An example is the function that relates each real number x to its square x2. The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). In this example, if the input is −3, then the output is 9, and we may write f(−3) = 9. The input variable(s) are sometimes referred to as the argument(s) of the function.
Lesson 7: MATRICES
Matrices of the same size can be added or subtracted element by element. The rule for matrix multiplication, however, is that two matrices can be multiplied only when the number of columns in the first equals the number of rows in the second. A major application of matrices is to represent linear transformations, that is, generalizations of linear functions such as f(x) = 4x. For example, the rotation of vectors in three dimensional space is a linear transformation which can be represented by a rotation matrix R. If v is a column vector (a matrix with only one column) describing the position of a point in space, the product Rv is a column vector describing the position of that point after a rotation.
Lesson 8: Derivatives
The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of a quantity (a function or dependent variable) which is determined by another quantity (the independent variable). It is a fundamental tool of calculus. For example, the derivative of the position of a moving object with respect to time is the object's velocity: this measures how quickly the position of the object changes when time is advanced. The derivative measures the instantaneous rate of change of the function, as distinct from its average rate of change, and is defined as the limit of the average rate of change in the function as the length of the interval on which the average is computed tends to zero.
Lesson 10: Indefinite integral
Integration is an important concept in mathematics and, together with its inverse, differentiation, is one of the two main operations in calculus. The principles of integration were formulated independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz in the late 17th century.
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"Which verb, meaning ""to shun"" was originally the name of a 19th century Irish land agent" | List of English words of Irish origin - 必应
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List of English words of Irish origin
This is a list of English language words from the Celtic Irish language, (or Irish Gaelic) banshee (from Irish bainsídhe/beansídhe, "female fairy")(M-W), "woman of the fairies" (AHD) or "...of a fairy mound" (RH). The Modern Irish word for woman is bean /bæn/ and síd(h) (or sí in modern spelling) is an Irish term referring to a 'fairy mound'. (See Sidhe.) However, in traditional Irish mythology a banshee is seen as an omen of death. {Banshee} bog (from bogach meaning "marsh/peatland") a wetland ( OED ). boreen (from bóithrín meaning "sm ... (展开) all road") a narrow rural road in Ireland. boycott abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest. (from Captain Charles Boycott, a 19th century British land agent) brat a cloak or overall - now only in regional dialects (from Old Irish bratt meaning "cloak, cloth" OED ) brogues (from bróg meaning "shoe") a type of shoe ( OED ). brogue A strong regional accent, especially an Irish or Scots one. Presumably used originally with reference to the footwear of speakers of the brogue ( OED ). clabber, clauber (from clábar) wet clay or mud; curdled milk . clock O.Ir. clocc meaning "bell"; into Old High German as glocka, klocka (whence Modern German Glocke) and back into English via Flemish; cf also Welsh cloch but the giving language is Old Irish via the hand-bells used by early Irish missionaries. colleen (from cailín meaning "young woman") a girl (usually referring to an Irish girl) ( OED ). corrie a cirque or mountain lake,of glacial origin. ( OED ) Irish or Scots Gaelic coire 'Cauldron, hollow' craic fun, used in Ireland for fun/enjoyment. The word is actually English in origin; it entered into Irish from the English "crack" via Ulster Scots. The Gaelicised spelling craic was then reborrowed into English. The craic spelling, although preferred by many Irish people, has garnered some criticism as a faux-Irish word. cross The ultimate source of this word is Latin crux, the Roman gibbet which became a symbol of Christianity. Some sources say the English wordform comes from Old Irish cros. Other sources say the English comes from Old French crois and others say it comes from Old Norse kross. drum (ridge), drumlin (from drom/druim meaning "ridge") a ridge often separating two long narrow valleys; a long narrow ridge of drift or diluvial formation. Drumlin is a linguistic diminutive of drum, and it means a small rounded hill of glacial formation, often seen in series ( OED ). A landscape of many Drumlins occurs in some parts of Ireland (including counties Cavan and Armagh). Drumlin is an established technical word in geology, but drum is almost never used. drisheen (from drisín or drúishin). dulse (from Old Irish duilesc). esker (from eiscir) an elongated mound of post-glacial gravel, usually along a river valley ( OED ). Esker is a technical word in geology. Fenian (from Fianna meaning "semi-independent warrior band") a member of a 19th-century Irish nationalist group ( OED ). fiacre a small four-wheeled carriage for hire, a hackney-coach. Saint Fiacre was a seventh-century Irish-born saint who lived in France for most of his life. The English word fiacre comes from French. ( OED ) Gallowglass (from gallóglach) a Scottish Gaelic mercenary soldier in Ireland between mid 13th and late 16th centuries. galore (from go leor meaning "til plenty") a lot ( OED ). gob (literally beak) mouth, though used in colloquial Irish more often to refer to a 'beaky' nose, i.e. a sticky-beak. Perhaps from Irish. ( OED ) griskin (from griscín) a lean cut of meat from the loin of a pig. hooligan (from the Irish family name Ó hUallacháin, anglicised as O'Houlihan) one who takes part in rowdy behaviour and vandalism. keening (from caoinim (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkˠiːnʲimʲ]) meaning "I wail") to lament, to wail mournfully ( OED ). No relation to "keen" = eager. kibosh, kybosh to finish, to put an end to: "That's put the kibosh on it". The OED says the origin is obscure and possibly Yiddish. Other sources, suggest that it may be from the Irish an chaip bháis meaning "the cap of death" (a reference to the "black cap" worn by a judge passing sentence of capital punishment, or perhaps to the gruesome method of execution called pitchcapping); or else somehow connected with "bosh", from Turkish "boş" (empty). (Caip bháis - pronounced as kibosh - is also a word in Irish for a candle-snuffer.) Leprechaun (from leipreachán', based on Old Irish luchorpán, from lu 'small' + corp 'body' (ODE). Limerick (from Luimneach) lough (from loch) a lake, or arm of the sea. According to the OED , the spelling "lough" was originally a separate word with a similar meaning but different pronunciation, perhaps from Old Northumbrian: this word became obsolete, effectively from the 16th century, but in Anglo-Irish its spelling was retained for the word newly borrowed from Irish. phoney (probably from the English fawney meaning "gilt brass ring used by swindlers", which is from Irish fainne meaning "ring") fake. poteen (from póitín) hooch, bootleg alcoholic drink ( OED ) shamrock (from seamróg) a clover, used as a symbol for Ireland ( OED ). Shan Van Vocht (from sean-bhean bhocht meaning "poor old woman") a literary name for Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries. shebeen (from síbín meaning "a mugful") unlicensed house selling alcohol ( OED ). shillelagh (from sailéala meaning "a club") a wooden club or cudgel made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end. Sidhe (Irish pronunciation: [ʃiː]) the fairy folk of Ireland, from (aos) sídhe ( OED ). See banshee. sleveen, sleiveen (from slíghbhín/slíbhín) an untrustworthy or cunning person. Used in Ireland and Newfoundland ( OED ). slew (from sluagh meaning "a large number") a great amount ( OED ). Note: as in a slew of new products, not as in slay. slob (from slab) mud ( OED ). Note: the English words slobber and slobbery do not come from this; they come from Old English. slogan (from sluagh-ghairm meaning "a battle-cry used by Gaelic clans") Meaning of a word or phrase used by a specific group is metaphorical and first attested from 1704. smithereens small fragments, atoms. In phrases such as 'to explode into smithereens'. This is the word smithers (of obscure origin) with the Irish diminutive ending. Whether it derives from the modern Irish smidrín or is the source of this word is unclear ( OED ). tilly (from tuilleadh meaning "a supplement") used to refer to an additional article or amount unpaid for by the purchaser, as a gift from the vendor ( OED ). Perhaps more prevalent in Newfoundland than Ireland. James Joyce, in his Pomes Penyeach included a thirteenth poem as a bonus (as the book sold for a shilling, twelve poems would have come to a penny each), which he named "Tilly," for the extra sup of milk given to customers by milkmen in Dublin. tory originally an Irish outlaw, probably from the Irish verb tóir meaning "pursue" ( OED ). turlough a seasonal lake in limestone area ( OED ) Irish tur loch 'dry lake' whiskey (from uisce beatha meaning "water of life") ( OED ).
This is a list of English language words from the Celtic Irish language, ("Irish", The Scots dialect is Gaelic) ... List of English words of Irish origin, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Irish_origin
List of English words of Scots origin; List of English words of Irish origin; List of English words of Welsh origin; Lists of English words of Celtic origin;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English...
English words of Irish origin. By Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http ... This is a list of English language words from the Celtic Irish language.
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This is a list of Spanish words of Celtic origin. It is further divided into words that are known (or thought) to have come from Gaulish and those that ...
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I can't imagine the List of English words of Old Irish origin getting a great number of entries. ... then it belongs on List of English words of Irish origin, ...
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| Boycott |
In place names such as Coatbridge what does coat mean | Ten useful English words invented in Ireland | IrishCentral.com
Ten useful English words invented in Ireland
IrishCentral Staff Writers
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From the people who invented the word 'glen' may be introduce you to Glendalough, County WicklowiStock
Here are some choice Irish words which have their roots in the Gaelic language and traditions.
1. Bard
Bards were Celtic composers of eulogy and satire. The word is commonly known now as a poet of someone who writes lyrical verse. Bards date back to as early as the 1st century AD.
William Butler Yeats would be considered a great bard.
2. Bog
The word bog comes from the Irish word for soft. Peat bogs cover one sixth of Ireland and have been used as a source of fuel for centuries in Ireland.
After the Ice Age, Ireland was covered in deciduous and pine forests. The wet mild weather caused minerals to be leached from the soil, forming an impermeable layer. As a result water couldn’t soak through and peat began to form.
Peat consists of partially decomposed remains of dead plant material which accumulated on top of each other over the centuries. Raised bogs and blanket bogs are the main types associated Turf is cut from bogs to burn in the open fire.
3. Boycott
The word derives from Captain Charles C. Boycot, an 19th century British land agent who was ostracized by his local community in Co. Mayo. The land agent was was socially excluded after refusing to reduce rents during the Irish Land League. Charles Stewart Parnell had earlier made the proposal that rather than resorting to violence. Everyone in the locality should ostracize the man.
4. Brogue
The word comes from “brog” which is Gaelic for shoe. Now the word is commonly used to describe a heavy leather shoe which usually has ornamental perforations. The word is also used to describe an Irish accent.
5. Callow
Derives from the Gaelic for bald, “calac,” this word is used to describe those with a distinct lack of maturity. A person considered to be callow lacks adult sophistication.
6. Galore
Comes from “go leor,” the Gaelic word for sufficiency. The term is referred to as having an abundance of something.
7. Glen
Comes from the Gaelic word “gleann” meaning a valley. It usually refers to a long deep u-shaped valley usually created by a glacier. Ireland is known for many famous glens, especially Glendalough (Glen of Two Lakes) which is a glacial valley in Co. Wicklow.
8. Loch
Derives from “loch” which is Gaelic for a lake. It is the Irish term for a lake, normally a narrow inlet of the sea. Some of Ireland’s most famous lakes or lochs include Lough Derg in Donegal and Lough Corrib in Galway.
9. Tory
Originally the term was used to describe an Irish outlaw which came from the verb “toir,” to pursue. It was later used to describe English Jacobite supporters and was later adopted as a badge of honor by English conservatives.
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Who wrote the much filmed novel The Invisible Man | The Invisible Man - H. G. Wells - Google Books
The Invisible Man
6 Reviews https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Invisible_Man.html?id=OdnqquyzFSgC
First published in 1897, 'The Invisible Man' ranks as one of the most famous scientific fantasies ever written. Part of a series of pseudoscientific romances written by h.G. Wells early in his career, the novel helped establish the British author as one of the first and best writers of science fiction. This novel was inspired in Well's years as a science student. Set in turn-of-the-century England, the story focuses on Griffin, a scientist who has discovered the means to make himself invisible. His initial, almost comedic, adventures are soon overshadowed by the bizarre streak of terror he unleashes upon the inhabitants of a small village. Notable for its sheer invention, suspense and psychological nuance, 'The Invisible Man continues to enthrall science-fiction fans today as it did the reading public nearly 100 years ago.
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User Review - Elizabeth M. - Christianbook.com
This is a true study of human character. Just what would you do if you knew nobody would see you? This is science fiction at its best and the perfect introduction to H.G. Wells. Read full review
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Havent read it yet but daughter needed it for school. It was very convenient to find all the books our kids needed on Overstock. Arrived quickly too! Read full review
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About the author (1992)
H.G. Wells was born in Bromley, England, the son of an unsuccessful merchant. After a limited education, he was apprenticed to a dry-goods merchant, but soon found he wanted something more out of life. He read widely and got a position as a student assistant in a secondary school, eventually winning a scholarship to the College of Science in South Kensington, where he studied biology under the British biologist and educator, Thomas Henry Huxley. After graduating, Wells took several different teaching positions and began writing for magazines. When his stories began to sell, he left teaching to write full time. Wells's first major novel, The Time Machine (1895), launched his career as a writer, and he began to produce a steady stream of science-fiction tales, short stories, realistic novels, and books of sociology, history, science, and biography, producing one or more books a year. Much of Wells's work is forward-looking, peering into the future of prophesy social and scientific developments, sometimes with amazing accuracy. Along with French writer Jules Verne, Wells is credited with popularizing science fiction, and such novels as The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds (1898) are still widely read. Many of Wells's stories are based on his own experiences. The History of Mr. Polly (1910) draws on the life of Wells's father. Kipps (1905) uses Wells's experience as an apprentice, and Love and Mr. Lewisham (1900) draws on Wells's experiences as a school teacher. Wells also wrote stories showing how the world could be a better place. One such story is A Modern Utopia (1905). As a writer, Wells's range was exceptionally wide and his imagination extremely fertile. While time may have caught up with him (many of the things he predicted have already come to pass), he remains an interesting writer because of his ability to tell a lively tale.
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Murder on the Calais Coach was the American title of which novel | Ralph Waldo Ellison
Photo courtesy of Library of Congress
One of the great mysteries of 20th-century literary history is why Ralph Ellison never completed the highly anticipated second novel that he worked on for four decades after Invisible Man was published to wide acclaim in 1952. A portion of this unfinished work was published posthumously, in 1999, as Juneteenth , and in 2010, a much larger collection of drafts was published as Three Days Before the Shooting … , a thousand large pages of small type that contain some of Ellison’s best writing, occasionally rivaling Invisible Man in terms of dramatic tension, emotional intensity, and surrealist comedy. The core of this captivating, if wildly uneven behemoth is the story of an African-American minister, Alonzo Hickman, who adopts a white child named Bliss. Under Hickman’s tutelage, Bliss becomes a child preacher in a black church. He eventually abandons the church, holds a series of jobs, fathers a child with a black woman, and finally emerges by the 1950s as Adam Sunraider, an eloquent, charismatic, race-baiting senator from New England, who employs rhetorical techniques learned in the southern black church.
In effect, Bliss is a “white Negro,” though he has little in common with the type described in Norman Mailer’s famous 1957 essay “ The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster .” Mailer’s white hipster adopts the “Negro” vernacular, a street-wise outlook, and above all, an alleged obsession with sex as a method for dealing with the horrors of the 20th century. He is on the hunt for the “apocalyptic orgasm” in order to forget about the potential for nuclear apocalypse.
Ellison was highly annoyed by Mailer’s cartoonish representation of African-American life, history, and culture, and criticized him both in private and in public comments. In a 1958 letter to his friend Albert Murray, he wrote that Mailer “thinks all hipsters are cocksmen possessed of great euphoric orgasms and are out to fuck the world into peace, prosperity, and creativity. The same old primitivism crap in a new package.” Ellison’s distaste for Mailer seeped into his fiction as well and, in a roundabout way, Mailer might hold a key to why Ellison never finished his second novel.
In 1977, Ellison published an excerpt from the novel titled “Backwacking: A Plea to the Senator,” an aesthetically unfortunate section comprised by a letter from a ranting racist named “Norm A. Mauler.” (It was the last piece of fiction Ellison would ever publish.) Ellison’s more artful, more nuanced, more satisfying response to Mailer came in the unpublished story of Bliss. Ellison’s own white Negro offered a powerful rebuttal to Mailer’s. But Bliss’ controversial arc might also have contributed to the author’s anxiety about bringing his novel out into the world.
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Ellison had a variety of excuses for why he never finished his sophomore effort. One of the most-cited ones was the November 1967 fire that destroyed his Plainfield, Mass. vacation home, incinerating a draft of the novel. Yet Ellison’s second biographer, Arnold Rampersad, has argued that the catastrophic effect of the fire on the book was exaggerated by Ellison over time. Rampersad demonstrates convincingly that Ellison initially reported the fire to friends as a “modest setback” (Rampersad’s phrase), consisting of a loss of that summer’s revisions, which weren’t substantial. By October 1968 the number of lost pages had swelled to a “neatly symbolic” 365 pages of material, gone. According to Rampersad, during the fire, Ellison managed to save his dog (fair enough), then drive a half mile to a nearby house (nobody was home), and then two miles into town looking for help before returning home and attempting to save his manuscript.
What if Ellison’s novel didn’t end in fire, but in ice? In 1967, the crime novelist Iceberg Slim, a reformed pimp, published Trick Baby: The Story of a White Negro , which features an African-American con man, Blue Leon Howard and his protégé, Johnny O’Brien, better known on the south side of Chicago as “White Folks,” an African-American but “a dead ringer for Errol Flynn.”
Slim, like Ellison, was clearly intrigued by the possibilities that a “white Negro” suggested for fiction, and the two stories have several notable parallels. Slim situates the smooth operator O’Brien, much like Ellison’s cunning Bliss, as the adopted son of a tough, wise, soulful African-American man. The age difference between Slim’s Howard-and-O’Brien team is approximately the same as that between Ellison’s Hickman-and-Bliss team, about 25 years. And just like Bliss, O’Brien eventually leaves the African-American community that raised him behind and blends in with white circles in America.
In contrast to Mailer’s white hipster, who seeks a sort of anesthetic sexual liberation through what Mailer sees as the wild, psycho-sexual world of blackness, Ellison and Slim’s characters appear unambiguously white yet are raised within highly-structured institutions of the African-American community: the church and the con game. Christianity, and even the big con, reflect a formality that Mailer failed to see in African-American culture. To Mailer, African-Americans are “cultureless” and “illiterate,” comprising a community that “relinquished the pleasures of the mind for the more obligatory pleasures of the body.” A far cry from Mailer’s white Negro, Ellison and Slim’s white Negroes, though raised on opposite sides of the black community, both learn rhetorical techniques from their adoptive black fathers that they then employ for personal gain on the other side of the color line. These “white Negroes” are wily operators, shrewd manipulators of psyches and institutions, and ice-cold customers on a relentless quest for money and power—hardly primitives chasing orgasms.
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Slim and Ellison seem to have been fascinated by the same premise: a highly intelligent man with an extraordinary gift of gab, appearing to be white, operating as black, mentored by an older black father figure, but able to easily glide into the upper echelons of white society. Ellison’s novel, steeped in history and myth, and informed by high modernist aesthetics, is far richer (and funnier) than Slim’s pop potboiler, but the underlying theme is so similar that Ellison, had he known of Trick Baby, might well have been discouraged.
Then again, if anyone should have been worried about charges of copying, it was Slim. Excerpts of Ellison’s novel published between 1960 and 1965 (in venues such as the Quarterly Review of Literature and Saul Bellow’s journal, Noble Savage) establish the Hickman/Bliss relationship. Nevertheless, Trick Baby may have created a dilemma for Ellison.
Slim not only replicates Ellison’s theme, but signals in his subtitle that he is replying to Mailer—something that Ellison had clearly been itching to do. And while Trick Baby and its 1977 sequel, Long White Con are genre novels, they are tightly plotted and laced with perceptive social commentary. Slim’s crisp and energetic writing is better than his reputation as a pulp novelist suggests. Today he is often mentioned in association with the rappers he has influenced, from Ice-T to Jay-Z, who recognized worlds similar to their own in his depictions of street life. (Trick Baby and Long White Con were republished in 2011 by Cash Money Content, a partnership between the rap label Cash Money Records and Simon and Schuster.)
Would a writer of Ellison’s stature have even been aware of Slim’s work? It’s not entirely unlikely. Slim, whose real name was Robert Lee Maupin (later Robert Maupin Beck), had been Ellison’s classmate at Tuskegee Institute in the early 1930s. Ellison was five years older than Slim, but Ellison started college late and Slim started early. At that time, Tuskegee had about 3,000 undergraduates. The historical record does not establish whether they knew one another, but it seems likely that in subsequent decades Slim kept up with his world-famous classmate, and perhaps through Tuskegee connections Ellison may have heard of Slim’s writing endeavors. (Slim was expelled from Tuskegee—an incident that might well have been the subject of some discussion on a small campus.) Ellison was also a close observer of culture, and would have had many chances to learn of Slim’s work. In a 1968 essay in the New York Times that asks “what books are being read in New York City’s black ghettos?,” Mel Watkins mentions Trick Baby as being “among the bestselling paperbacks in these areas.” As a resident of Harlem, it is far from impossible that Ellison could have encountered a neighbor, a barber, a shopkeeper, or a person on the street that had read Trick Baby. And if Ellison did not know of the novel, it is possible that he knew of the feature film, which received a favorable review in the New York Times in 1973.
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Of course, even if Ellison were aware of Slim’s work, would a pulp novel really have prevented him from publishing his work? Invisible Man owes thematic debts to Dostoevsky’s Notes From Underground and Richard Wright’s The Man Who Lived Underground, not to mention a debt to H.G. Wells for the title. But by 1967 Ellison was a figure of grander stature than he was in 1952—and Iceberg Slim, for all his talents, is no Fyodor Dostoevsky. Invisible Man had catapulted Ellison from up-and-coming writer to a figure of national importance. In 1965 Lyndon Johnson, appointed Ellison as a charter member of the National Council for the Arts. He was also involved with creation of the Kennedy Center and PBS. He had held prestigious fellowships and teaching appointments and judged major book awards.
At the same time that he was being embraced in the halls of power, Ellison was being criticized by various figures associated with Black Power and the Black Arts Movement, including Amiri Baraka and Ishmael Reed. Ellison was thought to be disdainful of younger black writers; unhelpful at best, hostile at worst. Ellison was fixated on the word craft, which he associated with literary modernism, and he frequently dismissed works by younger black writers in other genres as lacking craft. (To be fair, he could be dismissive of younger white writers as well, even Thomas Pynchon.) It seems plausible that Ellison, had he known of Slim’s book, would have been dismayed to see such a pair of characters so similar to his own at its heart. Exalted by the white establishment and under attack by the black underground, by 1967, Ellison might have been highly sensitive to a comparison with Slim, a writer considered by many to be an authentic voice of the black streets.
In all likelihood, there is not one clear-cut reason why one of the most anticipated novels in American history was not published during Ellison’s lifetime, but rather several reasons. Over the years many theories have circulated. At the outset of the novel, Reverend Hickman and his congregation, the only people in America who are aware of Sunraider’s true identity, travel to Washington, D.C., to confront him about his boisterous race-baiting. Shortly thereafter, Sunraider is shot on the floor of the Senate. He barely survives, and to the surprise of many, summons Hickman to his hospital room, where they discuss old times and what went wrong in their relationship. One old theory, often repeated, suggests that a novel begun in the 1950s and hinging on an assassination attempt would have seemed to be in poor taste after the assassinations of the 1960s. Ellison told novelist John Hersey in 1974 that the assassinations of the 1960s “really chilled me.” The poet Richard Wilbur, according to Rampersad, has claimed that Ellison had to make new changes after each assassination.
In a new study, Hip Figures: A Literary History of the Democratic Party , University of California at Irvine professor Michael Szalay makes a detailed and compelling case that Ellison’s Sunraider is at least partially based on Sen. John F. Kennedy, whose Senate record on Civil Rights was somewhat shabby (and in whose style Mailer saw something of the white Negro). If Szalay is right, and Sunraider was based on Kennedy, the president’s assassination may have created a dilemma for Ellison. It would have been one thing to parody Sen. Kennedy in 1958, but to do so in 1968 might have been perceived as in poor taste, and perhaps have been too much of a risk for an already cautious writer of whom so much was expected.
In another new book, Ralph Ellison and the Genius of America Timothy Parrish of Florida State University advances an argument that as Ellison had to spend more time publicly defending Invisible Man, his unpublished manuscript became a private solace. This makes a certain amount of sense, but does not fully reflect the public anxiety Ellison expressed about the unpublished book in interviews. Toward the end of this 1966 documentary , he says that he expects the novel to be published “in the coming year” and adds, with dramatic intonation, “the pressure’s on.” The coming year was 1967, the year Iceberg Slim published Trick Baby.
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Who wrote the novel The Last of the Mohicans, first published in 1820 | The Last of the Mohicans is published - Feb 04, 1826 - HISTORY.com
The Last of the Mohicans is published
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On this day in 1826, The Last of the Mohicans by James Fennimore Cooper is published. One of the earliest distinctive American novels, the book is the second of the five-novel series called the “Leather-stocking Tales.”
Cooper was born in 1789 in New Jersey and moved the following year to the frontier in upstate New York, where his father founded frontier-town Coopersville. Cooper attended Yale but joined the Navy after he was expelled for a prank. When Cooper was about 20, his father died, and he became financially independent. Having drifted for a decade, Cooper began writing a novel after his wife challenged him to write something better than he was reading at the moment. His first novel, Precaution, modeled on Jane Austen, was not successful, but his second, The Spy, influenced by the popular writings of Sir Walter Scott, became a bestseller, making Cooper the first major American novelist. The story was set during the American Revolution and featured George Washington as a character.
He continued to write about the American frontier in his third book, The Pioneer, which featured backcountry scout Natty Bumppo, known in this book as “Leather-stocking.” The character, representing goodness, purity, and simplicity, became tremendously popular, and reappeared, by popular demand, in five more novels, known collectively as the “Leather-stocking Tales.” The second book in the series, The Last of the Mohicans, is still widely read today. The five books span Bumppo’s life, from coming of age through approaching death.
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| James Fenimore Cooper |
What was the sequel of the book The Silence of the Lambs | SparkNotes: The Last of the Mohicans: Context
The Last of the Mohicans
James Fenimore Cooper
Table of Contents
Plot Overview
James Fenimore Cooper was one of the first popular American novelists. Born in September 1789 in Burlington, New Jersey, Cooper grew up in Cooperstown, New York, a frontier settlement that he later dramatized in his novels. Cooper had a rambling and unpredictable early life. He attended Yale when he was only thirteen but was expelled for instigating a practical joke. His father forced him to join the Navy. Cooper began writing almost by accident. When reading a popular English novel aloud to his wife one day, Cooper suddenly tossed the book aside and said, “I could write you a better book myself!” He lived up to his claim by writing Precaution in 1820 and The Spy, his first popular success, the following year. For the rest of his life, Cooper attracted a massive readership on both sides of the Atlantic, a following rivaled in size only by that of Sir Walter Scott. When he died in 1851, Cooper was one of the most famous writers in the world.
After achieving success as a novelist, Cooper spent seven years living in Europe, during which time he wrote many of his most memorable stories. Cooper drew on his memories of his childhood on the American frontier, writing high-spirited, often sentimental adventure stories. These frontier romances feature his best-known character, the woodsman Natty Bumppo, also known as “Hawkeye” or “Leatherstocking.” This heroic scout was featured in five novels, known collectively as the Leatherstocking Tales: The Pioneers, The Prairie, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer, and, most famously, The Last of the Mohicans.
Written in 1826, The Last of the Mohicans takes place in 1757 during the French and Indian War, when France and England battled for control of the American and Canadian colonies. During this war, the French often allied themselves with Native American tribes in order to gain an advantage over the English, with unpredictable and often tragic results. Descriptions of certain incidents in the novel, such as the massacre of the English soldiers by Huron Indians, embellish accounts of real historical events. Additionally, certain characters in the novel, General Montcalm in particular, are based on real individuals. Creating historically inspired stories was common in nineteenth-century adventure tales. In writing The Last of the Mohicans, Cooper followed the example of his contemporaries Sir Walter Scott and the French writer Alexandre Dumas, whose novel The Three Musketeers takes even greater liberties with historical events and characters than The Last of the Mohicans.
Since his death, Cooper’s reputation has fluctuated wildly. Victor Hugo and D. H. Lawrence admired him, but Mark Twain considered him a national embarrassment. Twain wrote harsh, humorous criticism of Cooper’s stylistic excesses, inaccuracies, and sentimental scenes. Even The Last of the Mohicans, widely considered Cooper’s best work, is an implausible story narrated in a fashion that can seem overwrought to modern readers. Cooper’s work remains important for its portrait of frontier life and its exploration of the traumatic encounters between races and cultures poised on opposite sides of a shrinking frontier.
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Near which town is the famous Stoke Mandeville hospital | Stoke Mandeville Hospital
Stoke Mandeville Hospital
HP21 8AL
Tel: 01296 315000
We are redeveloping our A&E department at Stoke Mandeville Hospital to ensure our facilities and environment continue to meet the needs of our population. Building works will be taking place over the coming months which may affect access and parking on site. Clear signposting and parking controllers will be in place to help guide visitors.
Stoke Mandeville Hospital is located on the edge of the market town of Aylesbury. Perhaps best known for its internationally acclaimed spinal injuries unit, Stoke Mandeville provides a wide range of services to Buckinghamshire and beyond including 24 hour accident and emergency, maternity, cancer care and outpatient services. The hospital also recently became a national bowel cancer screening programme site.
Stoke Mandeville has undergone extensive renovation in the past five years, as part of our ambition to provide the clinical excellence patients expect from top-quality, comfortable environments. New multi-million pound inpatient and outpatient buildings are now open, in the shape of the Claydon and Mandeville Wings.
The regional burns and plastics unit provides specialist services to a numerous patients, from as far away as Reading and Northampton. The hospital is also the base for eye care for the area.
Further development is planned for Stoke Mandeville, which treats over 48,000 inpatients and 219,000 outpatients a year. Projects include improvements to adults and children’s A&E, intensive care, the spinal injuries unit and burns and plastics outpatients. An innovative ‘medicinema’ is also planned, one of only three such facilities in the country. Medicinemas bring film entertainment into hospital for patients, with particular benefits for those facing long stays like our spinal injury patients.
Stoke Mandeville was very proud to receive the coveted three-year international CARF (Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities) accreditation for excellence in the care of adults and children with spinal cord injury at the end of 2008, making us the first unit in the UK to receive such an award.
Vital statistics
Number of beds: 479
Outpatient care: Outpatients, diagnostics, therapies, older people’s day hospital
Planned and inpatient care: Day case surgery, consultant-led women and children’s centre, neonatal intensive care, rehabilitation, chemotherapy
Emergency care: Accident & emergency, critical care, emergency and trauma surgery, acute medical care, acute obstetrics and gynaecology
Specialist care: National Spinal Injuries Centre, burns and plastic surgery unit, opthalmology
Clinical support services: Radiology, MRI and CT, pharmacy, pathology, infection control
Current CQC ratings for Stoke Mandeville Hospital
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In what part of the body would you suffer from Nystagmus | Top 20 Stoke Mandeville Vacation Rentals, Vacation Homes & Condo Rentals - Airbnb Stoke Mandeville
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Comfortable and quiet double room in my home in Wendover. Great for exploring the Chilterns, walking the Ridgeway or the Wendover Arm of the canal. Walking distance from country pubs and one mile from the station, 50 minutes from London Marylebone
The room is on the first floor overlooking the garden. It is spacious and comfortable and has a good ensuite shower and wc. I am always happy to go the extra mile to make your stay as easy as possible. I can help with luggage collection, arrange taxis, check flight / public transport times, or help with transport by arrangement. I will do my best to make sure I do all I can to meet cultural or special dietary requirements, and I always take note of any feedback to ensure that you have everything you need to have a good trip. Although the room has tea/ coffee making facilities I am very happy for visitors to make tea and coffee in the kitchen too if they prefer. By arrangement, visitors may use the fridge and cooking facilities as well as the washing machine, and they are welcome to spend time in the garden. The room has a good en-suite shower, but I can also make a bathroom available if guests prefer to bath. If you are travelling with friends, family or colleagues, a camp bed or an additional bedroom (for an additional charge) may be made available by prior arrangement for parties of more than two. My aim is to provide as much information as visitors need to enjoy their stay in the area. I am on hand to offer recommendations and information about the best places to visit during their stay in Wendover and the wider area, and I am always happy for visitors to contact me with any questions either before or during their stay and I will always do my best to research and keep information up to date.
Wendover is a pretty village tucked into a dip in the Chilterns on the edge of Aylesbury Vale. My home is less than one mile from the village centre in a quiet street and there are a wide variety of quality cafes, pubs and restaurants, the nearest being less than ten minutes walk away. There is a good garden centre nearby and Wendover has some great boutique style shops, a good antique shop, deli and a colourful market on a Thursday as well as a monthly Saturday Farmers market. My home is handy for walkers, people visiting the area for weddings, Halton Camp, as well as people working in the area. The nearby disused Wendover Arm of the Grand Union canal and Weston Turville Reservior have some great wildlife from Swans to Egrets and Kingfishers. All in all, Wendover is a friendly place and it has a lot to offer, all centrally located in some great countryside less than 50 minutes from London Marylebone. My house is one mile from Wendover Station which has a direct Chiltern Railways service to London Marylebone. I am also close to a frequent Arriva 50 bus service to Aylesbury which is 15 mins away. (The route passes close to Stoke Mandeville Hospital so is ideal for visitors or students on placement there.) Wendover is bypassed by the A413 which offers an easy route via the M40 to West London or the Midlands/North, or via the M25 to London Heathrow Airport (40mins). The nearby A41 offers a direct route to Watford and North London. Luton Airport is 30 mins away and Oxford is is only 24 miles away. Milton Keynes and the M1 is 25 Miles. My House has off street parking and visitors are welcome to leave their car here whilst exploring the area by foot or public transport. I have a very quiet friendly Labrador dog, called Maysey. She lives downstairs only. If you are travelling with your dog, please let me know, and I will my best to help (by prior arrangement), as well as recommend places you can eat out where you can take your dog.
James communicated well up to the booking and was very helpful during our stay. The room was immaculate well decorated and clean. There was nice detail like quality tea tray, kettle, tissue, books, large TV. En suite bathroom had quality fittings and a nice shower. Would stay again if we were in the area.
JonAugust 2015
Staying at James lovely house was wonderful. James was very welcoming and he even had prepared an extra small bed for my 6yo son in the room. Everything in the en-suite room was perfect. My son adored to play with sweet Maisy(the dog) in the garden. The breakfast was delicious too. Definitely recommend James, he is truly a super host : )
YukaJuly 2016
The room with ensuite was, as always, very clean and comfortable. James makes you feel at home very easily and he is flexible with arrival and departure times. I would highly recommend him to anyone looking to stay in the Aylesbury area.
ApollonSeptember 2015
James made us feel very welcome in his home in Wendover. This is a charming village and we enjoyed pottering around the Farmers' Market on Saturday morning. Our room was attractive and well appointed and provided all the amenities we required. James is a very friendly and helpful host. We would definitely like to stay there again should we be travelling in that vicinity. Definitely recommend this as a place to stay.
ElizabethJuly 2015
Staying with James was a brilliant introduction to Airbnb for me! He could not have been more welcoming. The room James offers is beautifully equipped and appointed with everything I could have wanted, including long windows looking over his lovely garden. The description on the site was entirely accurate, and the reality was even better. Comfortable, warm and beautiful. James made every effort to discover anything else I might need in the room, or at breakfast, and made flexible provision for my going out for an early morning walk. The neighbourhood is quiet and pleasant, and feels safe. We had an animated conversation over breakfast which made a happy start to my day. I will certainly stay at James' home again. Thanks for such a good experience!
NancyOctober 2015
I was made to feel very comfortable and welcome by James. He offered me a hot drink when I arrived and also provided the means for me to make my own, which I preferred to do. I arrived quite late, 9.30 p.m., so it was very dark and I got a bit lost as I couldn't see road names. Once I called him he gave me clear instructions to find his house. The room was as shown in the photo, very clean and comfortable, and the bathroom in perfect condition. Really good night, thanks.
SallyDecember 2015
James was very welcoming and gave us helpful suggestions on where to eat and what to see in the area. The room was lovely, bright and clean. All in all a great first Airbnb experience!
EmmaJuly 2016
James was a fantastic host. Very welcoming and helpful throughout my stay. His home is beautiful and immaculately kept. The room was exactly as the photos show, very cosy and comfortable with a lovely en-suit. He provided a great choice for breakfast in the morning and there was plentiful tea/coffee making facilities in the room. I wouldn't hesitate in recommending this listing
MegFebruary 2015
| i don't know |
What disease is known by the symptoms of a rash and a strawberry coloured tongue | Red Tongue and Fever: Kawasaki Disease Vs. Strep Throat
Newer Comments →
Mike
My wife had Kawasaki’s at the age of 11. She remembers the high fever, strawberry tongue and she said it looked and felt like her eyes were bleeding. She was a very active kid and her heart was in good shape, so the Doctors told her that she did so well responding to treatment because she was in such good physical shape.
They did not hospitalize her, but rather put her on high doses of aspirin for the first month, and for several months thereafter. She didn’t remember ever having an IV of any kind. She remembers the Doctors mentioning how deadly this disease was and that she needed to to exactly what she was told. They treated her as she stayed home from school for several months. This occurred in the mid 1980’s in Kingsville, TX.
I asked her to tell me about her experience so I could share it with you after reading this article. She remembers the recovery taking a very long time. She remembers an entire month of intense therapy treating the Kawasaki’s, two more months of rest out of school, an entire year of aspirin therapy as they weaned her back off of that, and it was probably about 4 months before she could begin to re-engage in the school sports that she loved so much. The family and the Doctors watched her closely for the next two years to make sure no major effects had taken place; especially since she was such an active kid. I guess they were worried that her activity would be hindered by longer lasting effects.
Last thought from her, the Doctors in Kingsville were credited by her and her family and teachers as diagnosing the condition immediately. They were very aggressive at running down what this was and starting treatment within a few days of the symptoms appearing. After reading your article, she doesn’t know why they never hospitalized her. Its a mystery…
Denisa
Our Family Doctor was against hospitalizing children that could be treated at home by responsible adults. He thought it was dangerous to expose their compromised immune systems to even more illnesses. He also thought the stress of removing a young child from the home could weaken the immune system enough to delay recovery. He warned us against overuse of antibiotics and offered home remedy recipes for symptom relief. He was a firm believer in quarantine and often made house calls to prevent the spread of illness in his waiting room. He came to our home in the 1980’s for a follow up after our kids had chicken pox and had us burn our blankets before he left, just to be sure. I do miss his thoroughness.
Sounds like a great guy.
Mike
Mike, Kawasaki Disease was first recognized here in the U.S. in the 1970’s. Here’s a history http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi/content/106/2/e27.full
Depending on when your wife was treated, perhaps that was the standard of care at that time.
Sherry Biele
When my boys were 3 and 4 yrs. of age my oldest presented with a rash of blood blisters and swollen joints. After several doctors and mistreatments we ended up in Mt. Sinai NYC where the doctor diagnosed HSP. Said it would never come back …it did 3 years later.Very scary illness. He was hospitalized both times. He was bleeding internally which caused the stomach pain and vomiting. Six months after this his younger brother has a very high fever and rash and then the skin of his palms and feet peeled off in one large sheet of skin. He had sores in his mouth besides the red tongue. They treated him with steroids and he became puffy, itchy, and pasty looking.We found out around that time that he was allergic to penecillin.Or so we were told. Again, it took several weeks until an infectious disease specialist was brought in and diagnosed Kawasaki Syndrome. They didn’t treat it because it had been 3-4weeks before our doctors gave up and sent us to the specialist We researched it ourselves and took him to a cardiologist who performed and echo cardiogram and we had one done every six months for several years just to make sure there was no damage. Both boys are now in their thirties and very healthy. Thank the Lord. The only link that we could find that might have caused the Kawasaki was we did have our rugs cleaned about every 8 months when they were young and crawling around. A year later there was an article in the paper about an outbreak of Kawasaki in several children who attended the same nursery school. They had just had their rugs cleaned….so who knows?????
Sherry, thanks for sharing your experiences. They’re lucky to have such persistent parents.
Charlene LaFosse
Our Son was exactly 3 months old when he started with the fever on 11/22. The next day,Thanksgiving Day, he was very sensitive to any positional changes and we brought him to the ER thinking it was an ear infection….over the next seven days his 104+ fever continued we watched, and reported all the transient symptoms to our family practice. (all over prickly rash that faded to be replaced with a swollen blotchy rash on his thigh, soles of his feet, fingers and palms of his hands; blood red lips, one bright red blood vessel in an eye that faded to normal within an hour; a blood stain in his diaper; strawberry tongue; and finally an alarmingly swollen belly that caused his inny belly button to “pop” to an outie. The only response I got from the on call Doctor was that it was a virus and would resolve. On day 7 I demanded an appointment with another Doctor for a 2nd opinion and he was alarmed at Bobby’s condition. Bobby was immediately hospitalized (11/27) and suspected of either sepsis, meningitis or Kawasaki Disease. A battery of tests including abdominal x-ray confirmed multiple blood abnormalities and a significantly enlarged liver and spleen. He was transferred to Children’s Hospital Boston who confirmed it was KD on day 8 (11/28). His coronary arteries were already dilated to 4mm and he was quickly placed on multiple blood thinners. Bobby was resistant to the IVIG treatment and received many different treatments designed to minimize inflammation. Unfortunately, due to the caustic treatments, he developed a serious GI bleed and all medications (including anticoagulants) had to be stopped for 24 hours resulting in 5 coronary clots. His aneurysms at the time ranged from 6.5 – 8.5. A clot busting med was administered but had to be discontinued when he developed internal bleeding in his elbow (they had drawn blood from the site the night before to check his heparin level) The swelling got so bad they called in a pediatric surgeon to confirm circulation was not obstructed to his hand. A week later the clots had stabilized and we were discharged from the hospital (12/22). We returned to Children’s Hospital on 12/26 for a follow-up echo that found one of the clots had enlarged and threatened to close off an artery, he was readmitted and TPA was once again administered. Again he had an adverse reaction – unable to control bleeding from the central line placed hours before administering the med and TPA was discontinued. We had no choice but to “wait and see” for 24 hours. Our prayers were answered and Bobby’s clot stabilized and the threadlike structures below it had cleared. We stayed another week to assure all anticoagulants were in therapeutic range and finally released on New Years Day. (32 total days at Children’s Hospital) Over the next year his aneurysms showed remodeling and regression. A cardiocatherization completed at 15 months old confirmed the artery was smooth with no pooling or stenosis and he was able to discontinue 2 of the 3 anticoagulants. He is now 6, soon to be 7, years old and is a picture of health. His aneurysms are no larger than 4 mm, he is only on 81mg of aspirin daily and has no activity restrictions.
We are adamant that our son is alive today because the Pediatrician at our local hospital correctly diagnosed KD and transferred his care to Dr. Jane Newburger at Children’s Hospital. We are eternally grateful and cherish every day with Bobby.
What an ordeal. I’m so glad everything turned out so well in the long run.
M
My son had Kawasaki Disease a year ago–he was 3 and a half years old. We feel fortunate to have been diagnosed and treated quickly as we have a good relationship with our pediatrician (in NYC) who spent a long time on the phone with us over a holiday weekend and took our concerns regarding our child’s symptoms seriously. He (as well as some other family members at home) had all tested positive for stept at around the same time. It is believed that the strept infection triggered the kawasaki disease response. He was hospitalized for a few days and treated with ivig as well as antibiotics for scarlet fever–as the team of specialists assigned to him determined necessary. We had several cardiology follow-ups and he remained on aspirin for a few months too. Based on other parents’ accounts as well as the media–it seems we were lucky to have not had such a dramatic diagnosis. We had an obviously sick child and are thrilled all the people involved noticed it immediately as well.
It does sound like everyone did a great job. Thanks for sharing.
Renee
Both of my children had Kawasaki’s. My son was 2 1/2 yrs old. He had all the symptoms for 10 days. Nobody knew what he had until a Dr on call had read an article on Kawasaki’s and properly diagnosed him. Fortunately, he has had no ill effects. He is 26 now and healthy. My daughter was 5 months old when my son was diagnosed. She came down with it within the next year. We recognized the symptoms quickly and started treatment. She is also a healthy 24 year old. Doctors in emergency rooms kept telling me my son had the flu and to go home. I knew it was more. If I had not been persistent and a Dr finally admitted him due to dehydration, my son could have had lasting effects or worse, be dead. GO WITH YOUR GUT! If you know something is wrong…keep at it until someone listens.
Thanks, Renee. Yes, sometimes you’ve got to take the reins. I’ve learned over the years that a mom’s intuition about her child is something to take very seriously.
Shawna
My son had Kawaski’s 12 years ago at the age of 7 yrs, He had all the classical signs but also had cauliflower look a like around is private areas. Long story short he was so sick that he actually was out of school for a year and 12 years later still has medial problems. Including heart disease. He couldn’t play sports all through school and has had to go out of state for medical treatment for years. He now has a rare kidney disease that medicine brought on. His temperature was 107 for about 2 days with the kawaskis but fevered continuously for a year and had recurrent fevers for many years afterwards that was diagnosed as Periodic Fever Syndrome. My brothers daughter was also diagnosed with this a year earlier at the age of 13 months. She was sick like my son and only lived 30 days after the onset, She was in the hospital most of the time but had too many aneurisms on her little heart, This could be a serious disease and if you suspect Kawaski’s get to the Drs right away.
| Scarlet fever |
What was the name of Lulu's backing group | Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal Infection | Features | CDC
Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal Infection
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Scarlet fever results from group A strep infection. If your child has a sore throat and rash, their doctor can test for strep. Quick treatment with antibiotics can protect your child from possible long-term health problems.
Scarlet fever – or scarlatina – is a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus or "group A strep." This illness affects some people who have strep throat or skin infections caused by group A strep. It is usually a mild illness, but people with scarlet fever need treatment to prevent rare but serious health problems. Doctors treat scarlet fever with antibiotics to help clear up symptoms faster and reduce spread to other people.
Although anyone can get scarlet fever, it usually affects children between 5 and 15 years old. The classic symptom of the disease is a certain type of red rash that feels rough, like sandpaper.
Scarlet Fever Podcast
A pediatrician explains the cause, treatment, and prevention of scarlet fever. Listen or download [5:09 minutes]
How Do You Get Scarlet Fever?
Group A strep bacteria can live in a person's nose and throat. The bacteria spread through contact with droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze. If you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after touching something that has these droplets on it, you may become ill. If you drink from the same glass or eat from the same plate as the sick person, you could also become ill. People can get scarlet fever from contact with sores from group A strep skin infections.
Common Symptoms of Scarlet Fever
A very red, sore throat
A fever (101° F or above)
A red rash with a sandpaper feel
Bright red skin in underarm, elbow, and groin creases
A whitish coating on the tongue
A "strawberry" (red and bumpy) tongue
Headache or body aches
Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
Swollen glands
Scarlet Fever: What to Expect
Illness usually begins with a fever and sore throat. There also may be chills, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The tongue may have a whitish coating and appear swollen. It may also have a "strawberry"-like (red and bumpy) appearance. The throat and tonsils may be very red and sore, and swallowing may be painful.
One or two days after the illness begins, the characteristic red rash appears (although the rash can appear before illness or up to 7 days later). Certain strep bacteria produce a toxin (poison) that causes some people to break out in the rash—the "scarlet" of scarlet fever. The rash may first appear on the neck, underarm, and groin (the area where your stomach meets your thighs), then spread over the body. Typically, the rash begins as small, flat red blotches that gradually become fine bumps and feel like sandpaper.
Although the cheeks might have a flushed appearance, there may be a pale area around the mouth. Underarm, elbow, and groin skin creases may become brighter red than the rest of the rash. Doctors call these Pastia's lines. The scarlet fever rash generally fades in about 7 days. As the rash fades, the skin may peel around the finger tips, toes, and groin area. This peeling can last up to several weeks.
Doctors treat scarlet fever with antibiotics . Many viruses and bacteria can cause sore throats. Ask the doctor about getting a strep test if your child has a sore throat. A strep test involves swabbing the throat to see if group A strep is causing the illness. If the test is positive, your child's doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics help someone with scarlet fever feel better sooner and protect others from getting sick.
It is important for anyone with a sore throat to wash his or her hands often.
Long-term Health Problems from Scarlet Fever
Long-term health problems from scarlet fever may include:
Rheumatic fever (an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain)
Kidney disease (inflammation of the kidneys, called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis)
Otitis media (ear infections)
Abscesses (pockets of pus) of the throat
Pneumonia (lung infection)
Treatment with antibiotics can prevent most of these health problems.
Preventing Infection: Wash Those Hands
The best way to keep from getting infected is to wash your hands often and avoid sharing eating utensils, linens, towels, or other personal items. It is especially important for anyone with a sore throat to wash his or her hands often. There is no vaccine to prevent scarlet fever. Children with scarlet fever should stay home from school or daycare for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics.
Antibiotics: Bacteria-Busters
Group A strep is a type of bacteria commonly found in people's throats and on their skin. Group A strep can cause a range of infections, from a sore throat (strep throat) to skin infections (impetigo). Rarely, it can cause very dangerous, deadly infections.
The word antibiotic comes from the Greek words anti meaning 'against' and bios meaning 'life.' Some people call antibiotics antibacterials. Doctors use antibiotics to treat infections caused by bacteria, such as scarlet fever or whooping cough.
Antibiotics target only bacteria . They do not attack fungi or viruses, which cause infections like athlete's foot or the common cold. If you or your child has an infection, it's important to know the cause and follow the right treatment. Improper use of antibiotics has resulted in many bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
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| i don't know |
Which actor, singer and songwriter had a top ten hit in 1959 with I've Waited So Long | - Matt Monro - The singers singer -
Anthony Newley
Anthony George Newley, who died at age 67, was an actor, singer, songwriter and director of unusual versatility; his career spanned more than 50 years and embraced film, repertory theatre, rock and roll, comedy revues, music hall and television.
Born Sept. 24, 1931, in Oswald Street, Hackney, east London, his education, at the Mandeville School for Boys, Clapton, was interrupted by the Blitz and he was evacuated to Morecambe, Lancashire, where he was fostered by George
Pesckett, a former music hall performer who first introduced the boy to the theatre. After the war ended, Newley worked briefly in an insurance office until he saw an advertisement for the Italia Conti stage school, where - aged 14 - he was accepted as a pupil and tea boy. He had only been at the school for a few weeks when the film director Geoffrey de Barkus came to look for a boy to play the title role in The Adventures of Dusty Bates. Newley got the part at the age of 14. He also trained for the stage with the Dewsbury Repertory Co.
He was the original East End boy made good, born illegitimately in Hackney and leaving school at 14. He then found success as a child actor, most notably as the Artful Dodger in David Lean's 1948 film Oliver Twist. Propelled by his role in Oliver Twist at the age of 17, Newley made his U.S. debut in 1956, appearing in six films that year. In the 1950s and 1960s, Newley was everywhere - on the screen, on television and, seven times, in the top ten.
His singing career came about almost by accident. In 1959, he took the part of rock and roll star Jeep Jackson - a spoof on Elvis Presley - in the film Idle on Parade. A ballad from the film, I've Waited So Long, took Newley to the top of the British charts and started a three year run of hits which included Personality, If She Should Come to You, And The Heavens Cried and the novelty numbers Pop Goes the Weasel and Strawberry Fair. He also had two No 1’s, with Why and Lionel Bart's Do You Mind? "So overnight I had this incredible power," he said years later. "I was a rock and roll singer and it
lasted for ten wonderful years."
His film appearances included Doctor Dolittle and The Cockleshell Heroes. But he is likely to be best known for co-writing and starring in the hit musicals Stop the World I Want to Get Off and The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd, as well as a number of best-selling
hit singles, including What Kind Of Fool Am I?, The Candy Man and Goldfinger. In 1987 he and frequent collaborator Leslie Bricusse were
inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Stop the World was a landmark in the history of the British musical, notable for its freedom of form and cynicism of content as it charted the
bitter-sweet rise of its central character, played by Newley, from teaboy to millionaire. For Newley, its lasting legacy was its songs. They included Gonna Build a Mountain (a hit for Matt Monro in the UK) and What Kind of Fool Am I? which sold more than a million records and became his signature tune.
Stop the World for which he was the director, star and co-author (with his long-time collaborator, Leslie Bricusse), was his greatest showcase. The show was conceived as "a simple, light-hearted satirical life cycle of the seven ages of man." (Namely, youth-and-adolescence, decision, sophistication, maturity, sagacity, retirement and senility.) In the UK, it played to packed houses for 15 months before transferring to Broadway in 1962, where it ran for 555 performances. An allegory about acquiring fame and power but ending up disillusioned, Stop the World was a tour de force for the star, who portrayed a symbolic Everyman named Littlechap.
In the States he became one of the very few British crooners to make it big on the US cabaret circuit (In Las Vegas he commanded the same attention as Tony Bennett, Dean Martin or Frank Sinatra) and his Cockney rags-to-riches story made him a chat show favourite. In 1977 he was voted the Male Musical Star of the Year in Las Vegas.
He had a gift for striking an emotional chord with a mass audience. But Anthony Newley was also an influence on David Bowie among later performers, because in all his songs he maintained a distinctively British voice, ending with his right arm extended for effect in his trademark signoff.
Anthony Newley married and divorced three times. His first marriage in 1956, to Elizabeth Ann Lynn, was dissolved in 1963, the same year he married Joan Collins; they divorced in 1971. His third wife was an airhostess, Dareth Dunn, whom he divorced in 1989. He is survived by his mother Grace, 96 (with whom he lived in Surrey since 1992 after 22 years living in the U.S.) as well as four children, a boy (Sacha) and girl (Tara) with Joan Collins and another boy (Christopher) and girl (Shelby) with Dareth Dunn.
Newley was a lifelong home movie enthusiast and even filmed his first date with Collins. Twenty years later they teamed up again in London to appear in two of Noel Coward's one-act plays for BBC Television.
His last appearances on BBC television were in cameo appearances in the drama series The Lakes and as an amorous used car salesman in the soap Eastenders.
Ill health had plagued the star for many years. He was first diagnosed with renal cell cancer in 1985, and had one kidney removed. The cancer returned in 1997, this time attacking his lungs, then spreading to his liver. Speaking once about his illness, he said: "When they told me I had a growth on my left kidney I had a bet with the surgeon. 'A dollar that it's not malignant', I said. "Before they wheeled me into the operating theatre they pinned a dollar on my gown. It had gone when I finally came round. That's when I knew I'd lost the bet."
In addition to writing the score with Leslie Bricusse for 1971's film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, Newley wrote the score for the 1975 film Mr. Quilp (now broadcast on TV under The Old Curiosity Shop) and, with Bricusse, the title song for the 1968 film Sweet November; and, finally with Bricusse, the songs for the 1976 TV version of Peter Pan. He also co-wrote with Stanley Ralph Ross the book; music and lyrics for the 1983 stage show Chaplin and created the 1985 revue Once Upon a Song. Newley had been working for many years on a musical version of Richard III and sang some of these songs during his last New York cabaret appearance at Rainbow and Stars in 1996. The BMI database lists over 150 songs for which Newley wrote the music or lyrics.
Written by Paul Goodhead – Anthony Newley Society (Officially recognised by the family and estate)
| Anthony Newley |
What did McDonald's call their low fat burger | ANTHONY NEWLEY (1931-1999)
Visit my homepage at http://www.bestweb.net/~foosie/index.htm
It may be odd to start off this page with an obituary, but, sadly, often people aren't praised until they are gone. Anthony Newley had a brilliant early career, but was not much heard from (in the U.S.) for the last several decades. The U.K. press, however, gave ample coverage to his passing, at the age of 67 on April 14, 1999. A combo obit from the BBC, the London TIMES, New York TIMES and Reuters follows, with additions from STOP THE WORLD, a biography published in 2003 written by Garth Bardsley:
ANTHONY GEORGE NEWLEY
, who has died aged 67, was an actor, singer, songwriter and director of unusual versatility; his career spanned more than 50 years and embraced film, repertory theatre, rock and roll, comedy revues, music hall and television.
Born Sept. 24, 1931, in Oswald Street, Hackney, east London, his education, at the Mandeville School for Boys, Clapton, was interrupted by the Blitz and he was evacuated to Morecambe, Lancashire, where he was fostered by George Pescud, a former music hall performer who first introduced the boy to the theatre. But the family was already musical. Newley's grandfather, Arthur Robert Newley, a cabinet and birdcage maker, played the oboe and was a keen amateur clog dancer. His wife, Frances, was an amateur dancer and singer; and her brother, Bob Morris, was a sometime professional comedian, a regular at the Holborn Empire. Newley's mother Gracie sang in the Salvation Army choir, often assigned solos.
After the war ended, Newley worked briefly in an insurance office until he saw an advertisement for the Italia Conti stage school, where - aged 14 - he was accepted as a pupil and tea boy. He had only been at the school for a few weeks when the film director Geoffrey de Barkus came to look for a boy to play the title role in THE ADVENTURES OF DUSTY BATES. Newley got the part at the age of 14. He also trained for the stage with the Dewsbury Repertory Co.
He made his theatre debut in 1946 in WINDS OF HEAVEN at the Colchester Repertory Theatre. He made his West End debut in 1955 in the revue CRANKS, which dispensed with sets and relied on John Addison's music, clever lyrics and surprise tactics to hold the attention. This played in New York at the Bijou in 1956 for 40 performances. CRANKS fired Newley's imagination, and in 1960, after his success in IDOL ON PARADE, he began his career as a director with his own television show, THE STRANGE WORLD OF GURNEY SLADE, a comedy about a social misfit.
He was the original East End boy made good, born illegitimately in Hackney and leaving school at 14. He then found success as a child actor, most notably as the Artful Dodger in David Lean's 1948 film OLIVER TWIST. Propelled by his role in OLIVER TWIST at the age of 17, Newley made his U.S. debut in 1956, appearing in six films that year. In the 1950s and 1960s, Newley was everywhere - on the screen, on television and, seven times, in the top ten.
His singing career came about almost by accident. In 1959, he took the part of rock and roll star Jeep Jackson - a spoof on Elvis Presley - in the film IDOL ON PARADE. A ballad from the film, I've Waited So Long, took Newley to the top of the British charts and started a three year run of hits which included Personality, If She Should Come to You, And The Heavens Cried and the novelty numbers Pop Goes the Weasel and Strawberry Fair. He also had two No 1s, with Why and Lionel Bart's Do You Mind? "So overnight I had this incredible power," he said years later. "I was a rock and roll singer and and it lasted for ten wonderful years."
His film appearances included DOCTOR DOLITTLE and THE COCKLESHELL HEROES. But he is likely to be best known for co-writing and starring in the hit musicals STOP THE WORLD - I WANT TO GET OFF and THE ROAR OF THE GREASEPAINT - THE SMELL OF THE CROWD, as well as a number of best-selling hit singles, including What Kind Of Fool Am I?, The Candy Man and Goldfinger. In 1987 he and frequent collaborator Leslie Bricusse were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
STOP THE WORLD was a landmark in the history of the British musical, notable for its freedom of form and cynicism of content as it charted the bitter-sweet rise of its central character, played by Newley, from teaboy to millionaire. For Newley, its lasting legacy was its songs. They included Gonna Build a Mountain and What Kind of Fool Am I? which sold more than a million records and became his signature tune.
STOP THE WORLD for which he was the director, star and co-author (with his longtime collaborator, Leslie Bricusse), was his greatest showcase. The show was conceived as "a simple, lighthearted satirical life cycle of the seven ages of man." (Namely, youth-and-adolescence, decision, sophistication, maturity, sagacity, retirement and senility.) In the UK, it played to packed houses for 15 months before transferring to Broadway in 1962, where it ran for 555 performances. An allegory about acquiring fame and power but ending up disillusioned, STOP THE WORLD was a tour de force for the star, who portrayed a symbolic Everyman named Littlechap.
In the States he became one of the very few British crooners to make it big on the US cabaret circuit (In Las Vegas he commanded the same attention as Tony Bennett, Dean Martin or Frank Sinatra) and his Cockney rags-to-riches story made him a chat show favourite. In 1977 he was voted the Male Musical Star of the Year in Las Vegas.
He had a gift for striking an emotional chord with a mass audience. But Anthony Newley was also an influence on David Bowie among later performers, because in all his songs he maintained a distinctively British voice, ending with his right arm extended for effect in his trademark signoff.
Anthony Newley married and divorced three times. His first marriage in 1956, to Elizabeth Ann Lynn, was dissolved in 1963, the same year he married Joan Collins; they divorced in 1971. His third wife was an air hostess, Dareth Dunn, whom he divorced in 1989. He was survived by his mother, Grace, 96 (with whom he lived in Surrey since 1992 after 22 years living in the U.S.), and four children, a boy (Sasha) and girl (Tara) with Joan Collins and another boy (Christopher) and girl (Shelby) with Dareth Dunn.
Newley was a lifelong home movie enthusiast and even filmed his first date with Collins. Twenty years later they teamed up again in London to appear in two of Noel Coward's one-act plays for BBC Television.
He recently appeared on BBC television in cameo appearances in the drama series THE LAKES and as an amorous used car salesman in 3 episodes of the soap EASTENDERS.
Ill health had plagued the star for many years. He was first diagnosed with renal cell cancer in 1985, and had one kidney removed. The cancer returned in 1997, this time attacking his lungs, then spreading to his liver.
Newley lived in Surrey for many years and moved to Florida permanently in December. He had donated his papers to the Boston University Library Special Collections Dept.
His third wife, Dareth Newley Dunn, described him as "a dear, sweet, loving friend and father ... consummate performer and ultimate composer".
The Official Anthony Newley Appreciation Society Worldwide is reachable at:
Paul Goodhead ([email protected])
| i don't know |
Where in Berkshire were Britain's first Cruise missiles based | FIRST U.S. MISSILES ARRIVE BY PLANE AT A BRITISH BASE - NYTimes.com
FIRST U.S. MISSILES ARRIVE BY PLANE AT A BRITISH BASE
By JON NORDHEIMER
Published: November 15, 1983
Text of Briton's statement, page A14.
LONDON, Nov. 14 - American- made cruise missiles arrived today at an air base in England, the British Government announced. They are the first of NATO's new generation of medium- range missiles to be deployed in Western Europe.
Britain's Defense Secretary, Michael Heseltine, told a deeply divided House of Commons that the shipment, delivered to Greenham Common air base by a United States plane, meant that an unspecified number of cruise missiles would be operational on schedule by the end of the year.
Shouting to make himself heard over howls of protest from opposition legislators, he said, ''I have to inform the House that earlier today the first cruise missiles were delivered by air.''
'Reckless Cynicism' Charged
Neil Kinnock, the Labor Party leader, accused the Government of ''reckless cynicism'' in permitting deployment while the Soviet Union and the United States are continuing arms negotiations in Geneva.
''The installation of cruise weapons makes Britain a more dangerous place today than it was yesterday,'' Mr. Kinnock said. ''It increases the risk for our country without contributing to the defense of the country.''
Antiwar groups in Britain said tonight that the deployment at Greenham Common would open a new round of protest demonstrations and actions against the missiles.
For her part, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher discussed the missiles' arrival in a speech at the Lord Mayor's banquet in London, saying, ''It is our destiny to be living at a time when there exist weapons of war of a dimension hitherto unknown.''
Arrival Reported in Soviet
The Soviet press reported briefly and without commentary the arrival of the missiles in Britain. Soviet leaders have said that the new American missiles scheduled for deployment across Western Europe would make a continuation of the arms negotiations with the United States in Geneva impossible. But diplomats in Moscow noted that the last statement by Yuri V. Andropov, the Soviet leader, was ambivalent on whether bringing missiles into Europe or actually deploying them would be cause for a Soviet walkout. (Page A15.)
The arrival of the missiles at Greenham Common, a Royal Air Force base used by the United States about 50 miles west of London in the heart of Berkshire, came two weeks after the House of Commons, after a heated debate, voted overwhelmingly to go ahead with deployment. The delivery of mobile launchers and other components of the cruise system began immediately.
Next week, the West German Parliament is to hold its debate on the stationing of the American missiles. The Government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl has a comfortable parliamentary majority that is expected to approve deployment of the systems, which are scheduled to be operational by Dec. 15.
The cruise missiles delivered to Britain today are among 41 weapons that are to be deployed in initial deliveries to Britain, Italy and West Germany by the first of next year. By then, both Britain and Italy are to receive 16 cruise missiles, while West Germany is to receive nine Pershing 2 ballistic missiles. 572 Missiles by 1988
The 41 weapons are the first of 572 cruise and Pershing missiles that are to be deployed by 1988. All of the Pershing 2's will go to West Germany; the additional cruise missiles will be deployed not only in Britain and Italy but also in Belgium and the Netherlands.
The arrival of the missiles came after 3 years and 11 months of efforts by the North Atlantic allies to get the Soviet Union to agree to remove the SS-20 medium-range missiles it placed on its frontiers in the late 1970's. According to figures given to Parliament today by Mr. Heseltine, the Russians have increased the number of SS-20's confronting Europe from 81 in 1979 to 252 today. The United States Air Force puts the current total at more than 260.
West Germany is scheduled to begin deploying the first components of 108 Pershing 2 ballistic missiles later this month and Italy is preparing sites for the first of the 112 cruise missiles it has agreed to take. Deployment of a total of 96 cruise missiles by the Netherlands and Belguium is still contingent on final approval by the governments of those countries and will not take place until a year or more after most of the missiles in Britain, Germany and Italy are operational.
The cruise missile is essentially a small, pilotless aircraft that carries an explosive warhead, conventional or nuclear. It is called a cruise missile because it cruises like an airplane rather than being fired into a trajectory like a ballistic missile.
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It has a navigational system and is powered by a light turbofan engine rather than by the rockets that drive ballistic missiles, and has a range of 1,500 miles. The Pershing 2, by comparison, is a ballistic missile with a range of 1,100 miles. Soviet officials have made clear that they are more concerned about the Pershings, with their great accuracy and speed, than with the slower, ground-hugging cruise.
1
| RAF Greenham Common |
What is the debris deposited by a glacier called | Ground Launched Cruise Missile Wing in Europe
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Twenty years ago, the U. S. Air Force activated its first Ground Launched Cruise Missile Wing in Europe.
The Short, Happy Life of the Glick-Em
By Peter Grier, July 2002
On July 1, 1982, USAF's 501st Tactical Missile Wing was activated at RAF Greenham Common in Great Britain. That step--taken 20 years ago this month--marked the start of what would prove to be a major political upheaval in Europe. Noisy protesters came early for the arrival of the wing's first batch of Ground Launched Cruise Missiles. However, US troops brought them in late at night, as the protesters slept.
The Ground Launched Cruise Missile, with its combined transport and launch vehicle shown here, had a short operational life but proved to be an effective counter to Soviet SS-20 intermediate-range missiles.
Flash forward 18 months, to Dec. 12, 1983. Greenham Common on that day was besieged by thousands of women anti-nuclear activists. They were chanting, singing, and blowing trumpets in protest of the presence of the nuclear-tipped cruise missiles. These anti-nuclear zealots even briefly penetrated a perimeter fence protecting the base against intruders.
A makeshift "peace camp" had been established outside the main gate. Resident activists vowed to live there indefinitely in an attempt to force NATO to abandon its planned deployment of several hundred BGM-109G GLCM (pronounced "glick-em") weapons and the US Army's nuclear-tipped Pershing II ballistic missiles.
The burgeoning Western anti-nuclear movement did not regard these new weapons as a much-needed counter to the Soviet Union's SS-20 intermediate-range missiles. For the protesters, they were a terrifying sign of the Western alliance's determination to be able to fight and win a nuclear war, if necessary. In short they were, by definition, bad.
"They don't add to our security, but [they] increase our insecurity," asserted Bruce Kent, who was at the time the head of Britain's Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
Now They're Gone
Today, all of the GLCMs are gone, withdrawn from Greenham Common and every other NATO base in Europe and dismantled. The huge M.A.N. (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg) diesel tractors no longer haul the GLCM canisters around the surrounding Salisbury Plain on midnight deployment exercises, as they once did. The protests are no more.
However, the demonstrations had nothing to do with the removal of the weapons. Contrary to the protesters' beliefs, the GLCMs (and their strategic cousins, the Pershing IIs) did not destabilize the West. In fact, NATO's deployment of the weapons in the face of popular unrest had a destabilizing effect in the other direction. The West's ability to stand firm and carry out the deployments in the face of nerve-wracking Soviet threats convinced the Kremlin that NATO could not be intimidated.
It was this realization that led to the opening of the more serious Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) talks and an INF treaty that eventually removed an entire class of nuclear arms from the superpower arsenals--a major step in the weakening and ultimate dissolution of the Soviet Union itself.
The GLCM existed for less than a decade. Because the weapon system had such a short operational life, some Air Force members had the unusual experience of being on hand at both the beginning and the end. The happy circumstances of its demise also gave many GLCM personnel the feeling that they had helped shape world events for the better.
"We thought GLCM held a very important place in history," said retired Col. Doug Livingston, former commander of the 868th Tactical Missile Training Group. "It was one of the key elements that helped win the Cold War."
Throughout the tumultuous years of US-Soviet INF negotiations, the Army's Pershing II tended to get the most media attention. It was big, powerful, accurate, and fast-flying. It would have been the weapon of choice to strike time-sensitive Soviet targets in the event of all-out war.
In some ways, however, the GLCM was the system most feared by the Soviets. For one thing, they were to be more numerous than the Pershings. Plans called for deployment of 464 cruise missiles in Belgium, Britain, Italy, Netherlands, and West Germany. By contrast, NATO forces were to receive only 108 Pershing IIs, and they would be based only in West Germany.
The GLCMs also represented an area of NATO technological superiority. At the time, Soviet weapons-makers were unable to duplicate the sophisticated guidance systems of US GLCMs.
The GLCM deployment of the 1980s had roots in political events of the 1970s. By the middle of that decade, it had become clear to NATO planners that the Soviet Union intended to undertake a concerted effort to modernize its Intermediate-range Nuclear Force targeted on NATO Europe.
Anti-nuclear protesters feared GLCMs would destablize the West. By 1981 they established a permanent "peace camp" outside the main gate of Greenham Common. (USAF photo by SSgt. James Pearson)
The SS-20 Threat
Until that time, the most threatening weapons aimed at Western Europe were the single-warhead SS-4 and SS-5 theater missiles, based at vulnerable fixed sites. In 1977, however, Soviet forces began to field the new SS-20, a missile fitted with three accurate, independently retargetable warheads. Worse, its launcher was highly mobile, allowing their dispersal at times of tension. Each launcher was equipped with refire missiles. This signified an increase in Soviet firepower on a tremendous scale.
By 1979, Soviet forces had fielded SS-20s in significant numbers. In that year, NATO political leaders agreed on a historic "dual track" approach to solving the problem. One track was political: The West would attempt to engage the Soviets in serious talks aimed at curbing the INF forces of both sides. The other track was military: NATO would deploy in Europe hundreds of GLCMs and Pershing IIs unless Moscow agreed to stop and then reduce its SS-20 deployments.
For the Western alliance, the matter went far beyond the need to have equivalent forces. NATO's worry was that, in nuclear parlance of the time, the Soviet buildup would "decouple" the defense of Europe from the US strategic nuclear arsenal. In other words, Moscow might believe it could threaten Western Europe's high-value targets--ports, rear-echelon areas, and the like--with SS-20 nuclear attack and not provoke US retaliation because it was not threatening US strategic weapons or US soil.
Deployment of NATO INF forces was an attempt to make the West's nuclear deterrent more credible, by providing commanders nuclear options short of all-out retaliatory war. Western Europe's leaders, in particular, were eager to show that the continent was still shielded by the US strategic nuclear umbrella despite the existence of the SS-20 threat.
Harold Brown, the Secretary of Defense, told Congress in a 1980 message: "We do not plan to match the Soviet program system by system or warhead by warhead, which might be construed as an attempt to create a European nuclear balance separate from the overall strategic relationship. ... Instead, we seek to strengthen the linkage of US strategic forces to the defense of Europe."
NATO planners chose to deploy a pair of weapons to counter the Soviet SS-20 because the GLCM and the Pershing II had distinctive, complementary characteristics.
The new Pershing was a follow-on to the existing, shorter range Pershing IA. As a ballistic missile, it offered a high assurance of penetrating any Soviet defenses. Its speed enabled it to threaten time-sensitive targets. It was designed to take advantage of the existing Pershing IA infrastructure in Europe.
The smaller GLCMs were projected to have lower life-cycle costs. Their longer range--1,550 miles--allowed them to be based farther from the front lines. This increased their survivability and--not incidentally--allowed more allied nations to accept deployments on their territory.
As Brown put it: "The deployment of a mixed ballistic/cruise missile force hedges against the failure of one type of system, provides the flexibility to select the best weapon for a given mission, and greatly complicates enemy planning."
In a crisis, the GLCM system would be deployed to secret, presurveyed launch sites. At top, a camouflaged GLCM unit was hard to spot. Here, a GLCM was fired during a test launch in the US. (USAF photo by TSgt. Bill Thompson)
Naval Origins
The Air Force's BGM-109G GLCM, nicknamed Gryphon, did not begin life as an Air Force system. It was a modified version of the Navy's Tomahawk sea launched cruise missile. Development began in 1977.
Because of the political need for the system, the GLCM passed rapidly from concept through development, but its progress was not always smooth. Engineers found that they needed to do much more than simply slap a Tomahawk on a trailer and hand the driver a portable radio.
Development of the Transporter Erector Launcher and associated infrastructure such as the launch control center was a task that proved to be far more complicated than first imagined. Crashes of test vehicles also caused the Joint Cruise Missiles Project Office to decertify the missile on two occasions.
The finished production missile was almost 21 feet long, with its stubby wings stretching out to about nine feet. Top speed was just under Mach 1. The Convair Division of General Dynamics was the prime contractor. McDonnell Douglas made the guidance system, and Williams International/Teledyne provided the small F107 turbofan power plant
GLCMs were stored in protective aluminum canisters with their wings, control fins, and engine inlets retracted. In a crisis, the canisters would be loaded onto Transporter Erector Launchers--giant 78,000-pound tractor trailers. The TELs and their support vehicles would be deployed to secret, presurveyed launch sites in remote areas of the host country. Coordinates for the launch location, along with weather information, were then to be entered in the missile's flight computer. Two launch officers would have taken 20 minutes to enter launch codes received by satellite. Once authorized, the officers would have simultaneously pressed "execute" buttons.
GLCMs were blasted out of their launch tubes by a solid-fuel rocket booster. Once clear of the canister, the booster was jettisoned and the missile's wings, control fins, and engine inlet would snap into place. The turbofan engine then took over and powered the missile on a precise, preprogrammed route to a target hundreds of miles away.
The GLCM was intended to overfly friendly nations at high altitudes to save fuel. Approaching hostile territory, it would then drop to an altitude of about 50 feet above ground level and its terrain-following guidance system would steer it toward its target. On final approach it would swoop upward to avoid any physical barriers and then plunge down onto the designated impact point.
Likely targets would have been second-echelon fixed sites such as the Kronstadt naval base or the Severomorsk headquarters of the Soviet Northern Fleet.
Source of Crews
On July 1, 1981, the 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron, Davis- Monthan AFB, Ariz., became operational. The 868th was the only US-based GLCM unit and the source of the crews that staffed the forward deployed wings a year later.
Many GLCM personnel were missileers who switched over from ICBM duty. Coming from an environment that focused on fixed-site systems, many found the mobility of their new weapon, and all the bouncing about the countryside that training entailed, both strange and exhilarating.
"It was new to everybody," said Livingston. "That's what made it so exciting." Livingston served as a GLCM test official and then training group commander. He can claim to have been involved with the launch of the first Gryphon as well as the destruction of the last one under the INF accord.
The six overseas NATO units, in order of their deployment, were as follows:
July 1982, 501st Tactical Missile Wing, RAF Greenham Common, UK
June 1983, 487th TMW, Comiso AB, Italy
August 1984, 485th TMW, Florennes AB, Belgium
April 1985, 38th TMW, Wueschheim AB, West Germany
December 1986, 303rd TMW, RAF Molesworth, UK
August 1987, 486th TMW, Woensdrecht AB, Netherlands
Comiso Air Base, located on Sicily, was far removed from Italy's large population centers and thus was somewhat insulated from the anti-nuclear movement then sweeping Europe. All of the other GLCM bases were, to some extent, subjected to political protests--sometimes intense ones.
The permanent Greenham Common peace camp was probably the most famous concentration of protesters. The peace camp, a semiorganized band of squatters who lived outside the facility's gates for years, was a constant irritant to base officials. Anti-nuclear protesters occasionally would breach exterior defenses and reach logistics buildings. They always seemed to know when GLCM units would be leaving the base to practice launch deployments on Salisbury Plain.
Not that such convoys were easy to hide. A full deployment consisted of more than 20 vehicles, most of which were filled with security guards and logistics support for the TEL and the mobile launch centers.
"It was tough," recalled Livingston, then the GLCM wing's deputy commander for logistics at Greenham Common. "We had to 'protester proof' the vehicles."
That meant, for instance, installing safety wiring over the gas caps to prevent the insertion of foreign material or protecting parts of the vehicles against the ever-present paint bombs thrown by protesters.
"They may have slowed us down a bit, but there were never any serious accidents," said Livingston.
Formal talks began between the US and USSR in 1981, but the INF treaty wasn't signed until 1987. The US then began removing GLCM systems from Europe. Here, a unit is loaded aboard a C-5A for the trip back to the US. (USAF photo by Sgt. David Jablonski)
Fringe and Freeze
Greenham Common residents were the colorful fringe of the anti-nuke movement. Protests were often scheduled to coincide with solstices, equinoxes, and other astrologically significant events and took on overtly pagan characteristics. The camp survived for years following the withdrawal of the last GLCM. It was maintained as a permanent protest against nuclear weapons everywhere. At one point, its residents petitioned the local council to have the camp declared a historic national site.
The Greenham Common protestors were part of a larger Western movement that gathered considerable force in the 1980s. In some European nations, the anti-nuclear sentiment grew so large that political leaders weren't sure they could fulfill commitments to host the weapons. In the US, anti-nuke sentiment surfaced in a widespread nuclear freeze movement.
In many ways, the opposition to NATO's new INF forces reflected the old split between what might be called "nuclear minimalists" and "nuclear warfighters."
The former group included those who believed that a small, survivable force of nuclear weapons was adequate for deterrence. The godfather of this view was Robert S. McNamara, the Secretary of Defense who, in his years at the Pentagon (1961-68), moved to limit the nuclear weapons budget as much as possible.
The latter group believed that a more elaborate, flexible arsenal produced sounder deterrence. Those who held this view--including most of the senior leadership of the Air Force and the other military services--thought that an adversary would be less likely to launch a nuclear strike if it believed a US president had retaliatory options short of all-out nuclear response.
To minimalists, the GLCMs and Pershing IIs were at best redundant and at worst provocative. They rejected the whole idea of "linking" US and Western Europe together via placement of new INF systems on European soil.
The leading proponent of this view was Paul Warnke, the dovish director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the Carter Administration. "There is no military justification" for cruise missile deployment, Warnke wrote in an op-ed article in the Washington Post. "The potential targets for these missiles are already covered by ballistic missiles."
Warnke was enthusiastic about depriving the US of nuclear weapons. He urged the Reagan Administration to quickly strike an arms deal that would halt the deployment of the American GLCMs and Pershing IIs in return only for a reduction--not the elimination--of the Soviet SS-20 force. Warnke opined that, without progress on arms control, "The United States will face a further deterioration in its relations with the Soviet Union, and Western Europe's confidence in American leadership will decline."
In the end, of course, Reagan declined to take Warnke's advice. Formal INF talks between the US and the USSR began in 1981 but didn't really get serious until the major deployments began. The US position was a simple one: "zero-zero"--elimination of the new longer-range INF systems in Europe by both sides.
Moscow, for its part, proposed a limit of 300 missiles and nuclear-capable aircraft, with British and French nuclear systems counting toward NATO's quota.
The INF treaty called for destruction of all but eight display articles. Here, at Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz., a circular saw cuts through the door of a GLCM transport-launch vehicle. (USAF photo by MSgt. Jose Lopez Jr.)
Soviet Walkout
At the time, GLCM deployments had not yet begun, and with the power of the anti-nuclear movement still building, the Soviets must have thought time was on their side. But NATO hung together. After additional US systems began arriving in Europe in late 1983, the USSR walked out of the talks. No negotiations took place in 1984.
Eventually, Moscow blinked and agreed to come back to the negotiating table. In January 1985, Secretary of State George P. Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko agreed to parallel talks on INF, strategic forces, and defense and space issues. That fall, Moscow hinted that it wanted an INF treaty separate from the other negotiating tracks. Soviet negotiators offered a proposal that would have allowed NATO to keep some GLCMs--but which still would have permitted SS-20 warheads equal to GLCM and British and French forces combined. This was clearly unacceptable to the West.
Then the pace of events began to accelerate. High-level discussions took place in 1986, capped by the confusion caused by the October 1986 summit between Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Reykjavik, Iceland.
In February 1987, the Soviet Union announced that it was ready to work an INF deal detached from all other nuclear issues. That July, Gorbachev agreed to the original US zero-zero position. He also agreed to then unprecedented verification protocols, including on-site monitoring of INF production facilities.
The political context of the INF accords will be a subject of historical inquiry for years to come. Deteriorating internal conditions in the USSR clearly played a part in Soviet decisions. Perhaps Reagan's determination to pump billions into strategic defense technology contributed, too.
The agreement also validated NATO's original two-track response to the advent of the SS-20. The deployment of GLCMs and Pershing IIs demonstrated in a convincing manner the depth of the US commitment to European security and the strength of alliance solidarity.
The two sides signed the INF treaty in 1987, and soon thereafter the Air Force began withdrawing its GLCMs from Europe. By May 1991, all were gone, sawed up into expensive scrap. All, that is, except for the eight display articles permitted under terms of the treaty. The US Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, has the first of the Gryphons that went on alert at Greenham Common. The Ground Launched Cruise Missile Historical Foundation dedicated a second display article this spring at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Ariz.
Eventually the GLCM foundation hopes to have a full display reflecting all the capabilities of a squadron, including launch facilities and security forces.
"We knew all along we were political pawns," said Livingston, who serves as president of the foundation. "Everybody knew the importance of what we were doing. That pride has carried over to today."
Peter Grier, a Washington, D.C., editor for the Christian Science Monitor, is a longtime defense correspondent and a contributing editor to Air Force Magazine. His most recent article, " Meltdown of the Nuclear Critics ," appeared in the June 2002 issue.
Copyright Air Force Association. All rights reserved
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In geography what name is given to an area of sandbanks | BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Case study: tourism in Studland Bay Nature Reserve
Next
Case study: tourism in Studland Bay Nature Reserve
Studland Bay is located in the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset and is popular with tourists. It can be accessed by ferry from the desirable area of Sandbanks in Poole during the summer. It is only a few minutes drive from the resort of Swanage and most visitors arrive by car.
Studland Bay is a good example of a place where conflict can occur between interest groups.
The issues
Studland Beach
The nature reserve is an area of sand dunes. These are dynamic, but often unstable and vulnerable environments.
Areas such as this are home to rare species of plants and birds.
The area is attractive to tourists because of the dunes and the wide, sandy beach. The beach can get very crowded in summer months.
Visitors need somewhere to park and also demand other facilities, such as paths and public toilets.
Tourists bring their problems such as litter and fire hazards (caused by barbecues and cigarette ends).
How is the area managed?
Vulnerable areas and areas recently planted with marram grass (which is used to stabilise the dunes) are fenced off to limit access and damage.
Boardwalks have been laid through the dunes to focus tourists onto specific paths.
Car parks have been provided and people are not permitted to drive onto the beach.
Fire beaters are positioned within the dune area in case of a fire.
Facilities including a shop, café, toilets and litter bins are provided near the car parks to focus tourists into one area.
Information boards educate visitors about the environment and how they can help to protect it.
Now try a Test Bite .
Page:
| Shoal |
What is the geographical term for a ring-shaped coral island | BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Case study: tourism in Studland Bay Nature Reserve
Next
Case study: tourism in Studland Bay Nature Reserve
Studland Bay is located in the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset and is popular with tourists. It can be accessed by ferry from the desirable area of Sandbanks in Poole during the summer. It is only a few minutes drive from the resort of Swanage and most visitors arrive by car.
Studland Bay is a good example of a place where conflict can occur between interest groups.
The issues
Studland Beach
The nature reserve is an area of sand dunes. These are dynamic, but often unstable and vulnerable environments.
Areas such as this are home to rare species of plants and birds.
The area is attractive to tourists because of the dunes and the wide, sandy beach. The beach can get very crowded in summer months.
Visitors need somewhere to park and also demand other facilities, such as paths and public toilets.
Tourists bring their problems such as litter and fire hazards (caused by barbecues and cigarette ends).
How is the area managed?
Vulnerable areas and areas recently planted with marram grass (which is used to stabilise the dunes) are fenced off to limit access and damage.
Boardwalks have been laid through the dunes to focus tourists onto specific paths.
Car parks have been provided and people are not permitted to drive onto the beach.
Fire beaters are positioned within the dune area in case of a fire.
Facilities including a shop, café, toilets and litter bins are provided near the car parks to focus tourists into one area.
Information boards educate visitors about the environment and how they can help to protect it.
Now try a Test Bite .
Page:
| i don't know |
What is a narrow piece of land called that joins together two larger bodies of land | What is a narrow strip of land joining two larger bodies of land? | Reference.com
What is a narrow strip of land joining two larger bodies of land?
A:
Quick Answer
An isthmus is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger bodies of land. An isthmus generally has water on both sides.
Full Answer
Another type of isthmus, called a tombolo, features a strip of land that is a spit or a bar, and it normally joins an island to the mainland.
An isthmus is a type of land formation in which canals are frequently cut as a way to provide a shortcut for marine transport. The Panama Canal is built across the Isthmus of Panama and connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Oceans are connected by the Suez Canal, which runs across an isthmus extending from the Sinai Peninsula.
| List of isthmuses |
As at 2011 who is the world's youngest self-made billionaire | Week 13 Day 3
Need for lesson - Pictures of foods from the dairy group and pictures of cows.
Index File Card
can be pasted onto an index file card for quick reference
Science 30
We have been learning about nutrition. We have learned about fruits and vegetables. We also know that it is important to eat foods from the four food groups to grow healthy. We can't eat only vegetables. Today we will start to talk about the dairy food group. It is also called the milk group. The foods that belong in the dairy food group are foods that are made from milk. Where does milk come from? A cow.
There are different kinds of cows. Three of them are the Guernsey - brown and white, the Holstein - black and white, and the Ayrshire - red and white (show pictures). Cows live on farms and eat grass that grows in pastures. A pasture is a big field of green grass. When it is winter the cows stay in a barn and eat hay. When a cow eats they swallow their food without chewing it very good. The food goes down into the first and second stomachs. A cow has four stomachs! After the cow is finished eating she lies quietly and chews her food again. This is because the food comes back to her mouth to be chewed some more. The food that came back up to the cows mouth from her stomach is now called cud. Cows always seem to be chewing and chewing, because she is, she is chewing her cud.
After the cud is swallowed it goes back down into stomachs three and four now. Part of the food is made into milk inside the cow. After a cow has a baby calf the milk is ready to come out. Remember we learned about mammal babies that drink their mother's milk? Do you think a cow is a mammal? The milk from the mother is stored in her udder. (show picture) This is a bag with four teats. The milk comes out of the teats when the farmer pulls on them. The milk squirts out. This is called raw milk.
Let's look at some foods that are made from milk.
Need for lesson - Land Forms (Montessori Catalogs) and Land Form card Set (JustMontessori.com)
Land forms can also be made with clay and small bread pans.
Index File Card
can be pasted onto an index file card for quick reference
Geography 23
We have talked about plateaus, mountains, streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds. The continents have other land form markings to them as well. First let's talk about the lake. A lake is a body of water with land all around it. An island is a body of land with water all around it. These are model land forms. We can add water to them to see how they work. When we pour water into this, the lake form, we see that the water is in the middle and the land is all around it. Now let's put water into the island land form. We can see that the water is all around the land, called an island.
The names of some other land forms are called: (demonstrate these with the remaining land form models or the three-part matching cards)
Peninsula - This is land that juts out into the ocean.
Strait - A narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
Cape - Land that is partly surrounded by sea.
Gulf - Is water that penetrates into the land.
Bay - This is sea partly surrounded by land.
Isthmus - A narrow piece of land that connects two larger bodies of land.
System of Lakes - A group of lakes that are close together.
Archipelago - A group of islands that are close together.
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In Ireland what is a Gombeen Man | gombeen - Wiktionary
gombeen
( historical , Ireland ) A moneylender during the Great Famine .
2002, Joseph O'Connor, Star of the Sea, Vintage 2003, page xix:
It was said by some that he had been a moneylender back in Ireland; a ‘gombeen’ in their slang: a hated figure.
( Ireland , slang ) A mean, underhanded, corrupt person. Usually applied to politicians .
| Moneylender |
Southpaw to us means a boxer who leads with his right hand; but in which sport did the term originate | What does the term Gombeen actually mean and where did it originate from? - boards.ie
What does the term Gombeen actually mean and where did it originate from?
Users:
10-Dec-2010 10:00
#1
Been hearing this name being thrown about a lot recently. That and 'Parish Pump' politics - but the latter seems to be around longer.
Is gombeen just another term like "general amadan" or does it have a specific meaning?
I'm guessing it means politicians getting voted in nationally for local reasons but it seems to be applied to any act of idiocy nowadays.
10-Dec-2010 10:02
#5
A Gombeen Man is a pejorative Hiberno-English term used in Ireland for a shady, small-time "wheeler-dealer" or businessman who is always looking to make a quick profit, often at someone else's expense or through the acceptance of bribes. Its origin is the Irish word "gaimbín", meaning monetary interest.[1] The term referred originally to a money-lender and became associated with those shopkeepers and merchants who exploited the starving during the Irish Famine by selling much-needed food and goods on credit at ruinous interest rates.
From Wikipedia
10-Dec-2010 10:07
#6
Gombeen is a loose translation of "Jackie Healy Rea". Back in olden times he would be the go to guy to get stuff fixed i.e. a pothole or a sheep, in exchange for your vote. Kind of like Robert Mugabe. Gombeen men differ from normal humans in that they:
a)are usually found to be without spines (or any sort of Backbone altogether)
b)have the mental ability of a bird table
c)represent the worst stereotypes of their community
Gombeen men are dispersed evenly across the country but if you are looking you could do no worse than North Dublin, Tipperary and South Kerry. It's best to maintain your distance and if you find yourself in contact with them, whatever you do, do not lose eye contact with them. They have a habit of weaseling... this will allow them to escape and you may not find them again until the next election.
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