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Which king of England was the bastard son of a tanner's daughter	The Chant Family History of England A Dorset Family Heritage - Chant Family 1426-2005 ORIGIN OF THE NAME By Michael Cheeseman 2005 The origins of the Chant surname, like most names, is shrouded in the mists of time. Surnames before the Norman Conquest of 1066 were rare in England, having been brought from mainland Europe by the Normans when William the Conquerer invaded their shores. One suggested origin of the surname of Chant, was that it derived from the "Old French" word "Chante" , a name given to a singer. No one can be one hundred percent certain of the true origin of any surname, when it was first used or what it�s exact significance and meaning was. Surnames evolved over several hundred years ago. The study of the origins of surnames is a difficult one and various books on the subject will provide different, though most times, similar descriptions on a surnames original usage. Occupational surnames originally denoted the actual occupation followed by a individual. At what period they became hereditary is a difficult problem. Many of the occupational names were descriptive and could be varied. In the middle ages, at least among the christian population, people did not usually pursue specialized occupations to the extent that we do today, and they would, in fact, turn their hand to what needed to be done, particularly those living in a house, mansion or on farms and smallholdings. The "Chant" name it appears, was brought to England in the wake of the Norman Conquest of 1066. The name Cante (without surname), was listed as a tenant of the Domesday Book in 1086. In 1086 the compilation of the Domesday Book had been ordered by William the Conqueror(1027-87), King of England from 1066. William the 6th Duke of Normandy and King of England was born in Failaise in France, the bastard son of Robert, Duke of Normandy, by Arlette a tanners daughter. William the Conqueror was my 30x great grandfather via his decendant King Edward 1 (longshanks) son Thomas De Brotherton Plantagenent's decendant - John Howard Duke of Norfolk. On the death of William's father in 1035, the Norman's, descendants of Viking warrior clans from Denmark and further north, accepted William as the 6th Duke of Normandy. The Norman Dukedom was seperate from France but acted as a vassel state to the French King after the Vikings settled there years earlier and had agreed to a treaty with the French. England had at one time been under the control of the Viking/English King Canute around 1016 and so when Edward the Confessor, King of England died in 1066, William used this fact as well as the fact his grandfather's sister had married a Anglo Saxon King of England as an excuse to invaded England. In Autumn 1066 Anglo Saxon King Harold was killed at the Battle of Hastings and so ended 500 years of Anglosaxon Rule. English Government under William I assumed a more federal aspect, the king as federal in chief now held all title to land. Under his rule England was split up into administrative areas centered around the Manor which was given out by William as grants, mostly these going to his supporters and soldiers from the conquest of 1066. All local affairs were controlled from the Manor, the Lord of the Manor owned all Land in his Grant, the majority of the population becoming tenent farmers or servants of the Lord. Though he owned his land outright the Lord of the Manor was still required to pay homage and taxes to the King and was to support him at anytime when called upon, supplying arms and men at time of War. Sherborne - home to my Chant ancestors and burial place of two Saxon Kings, brothers of my ancestor Anglo Saxon King Alfred the Great. A centre for religion in the region by 1066 and former religious centre of the West Saxon Kingdom. Early records mention Cante in the Doomsday Book of 1086, A Richard Cante in 1327 in the County of Suffolk. Roger Caint was documented in Yorkshire in 1359. Agnes Chauntor of Yorkshire was listed in the Poll Tax of 1379. William Chaunt in 1426 in Somerset. Names and how they were spelt varried from place to place and period to period as the education level of document writers and the English language changed. So we find Chant often spelt in a number of ways including Chaunte/ Chaunt / Chont/ Chante until the 1800's when Chant became the common form. This has to be taken into account when researching through old records. The accuracy of origins of names is less than desirable given that few documents of the 1100-1300�s survive today to check these assumptions against. Surnames before the Norman Conquest of 1066 were extremely rare in England, and only used mainly by the Saxon Nobility. As on the European mainland, Surnames were necessary for proof of ancestry to claim royal titles, lands and estates. Most rural peoples of the times only went by their first name and lived on land owned by the local Lord, the King or the Church. For the majority of modern British surnames, some were brought from mainland Europe by the Normans and others developed later. Most people descended from a Chant family can trace their family lines back to Somerset and Dorset. From these counties the name spread to Devon, Wiltshire and Hampshire before spreading across England and more widely across the British Empire by the 1700�s and onwards. To place any history of a family in context, background histories on the region in which the family lived is needed to help give a general understanding of the times within which they lived.	William the Conqueror
Which 19th Century poet and author popularised the limerick format	Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois Daughter, Sister and Mother of Kings of England By Jone Johnson Lewis About Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois Known for: daughter of William the Conqueror and his wife, Matilda of Flanders , and wife of a French count; her brother was Henry I, Duke of Normandy and King of England; her son was King Stephen of England, who seized the English crown from the Empress Matilda , daughter of Henry I; her other son William became the powerful Bishop of Winchester Occupation: royalty; served as her husband's regent in his absence when on crusade in the Holy Land Dates: about 1062-1067 - March 8, 1137 (dates are disputed) Also known as: Adela of Blois, Adela of England Background, Family: Mother: Matilda of Flanders Father: William I (William the Conqueror) Siblings: Robert II, Duke of Normandy; Richard; William II of England; Cecilia of Normandy; Agatha of Normandy; Constance of Normandy; Henry I of England Marriage, Children: husband: Stephen Henry or Étienne-Henri (about 1045 - May 19, 1102; married 1080 to 1084; Stephen II, count of Blois as of 1089) continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World sons: William, Count of Sully; Odo and/or Humbert, died in childhood; Theobald II (Thibaud IV, Count of Champagne); Stephen of Blois, king of England; Philip, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne; Henry of Blois, child oblate daughters (those other than Matilda are disputed): Matilda, or Lucia-Mauaut, married to Richard d'Avranches, Earl of Chester -- both drowned on the White Ship in November 1120; Lithuise of Blois (some claim this was Stephen Henry's sister), married; Eleonore, married; Alix, married; Agnes, married More About Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois: Adela may have been born after her father won the British throne by conquest in 1066. She was especially close to her brother who became Henry I of England; she was probably born earlier than he was. Adela was likely educated by tutors; she was described as learned. Some stories have Adela promised in marriage to Simon Crispin, count of Amiens, when Simon decided to take religious vows instead of marrying. Sometime between 1080 and 1084, and after long negotiations, Adela married Stephen Henry, who controlled a large land area after inherited Bloois, Chartres and Meaux in 1089 or 1190. Stephen Henry was part of the first crusade in 1095, Adela serving as his regent in his absence, including controlling the family's treasury. Stephen Henry returned in 1100, bringing many riches home with him as spoils of war. Adela was apparently quite upset that her husband returned before, in her opinion, completely fulfilling his crusader vows. She pressured him to return, and he did in 1102, dying in a seige in 1102 at the Second Battle of Ramla. Adela's oldest son was originally the heir to his father's domains, but a younger brother, Theobald, was given that honor instead, with Adela actively working with him in ruling the estates. Adela's brother Henry became king of England in 1100, supplanting their older brother Robert and his heirs. Adela supported Henry's claim to the throne. Adela was well acquainted with and in regular communication with the exiled archbishop of Canterbury, Anselm, and with Pope Paschal II. She was a patron of other church leaders in France and England as well. With connections to the priory at Cluny, Adela supported the papal reform principles which were part of a trend towards humanism and freedom. She also supported poets, including Abbot Baudri of Bourgueil, later Bishop of Dol (perhsps with Adela's support). who wrote an extended poem that he dedicated to his patroness. In 1113, Adela and her son Theobald joined Henry I of England in fighting against the Capetian forces of Philippe I and his son Louis. They fought again in 1118, Adela taking an active diplomatic role. In 1120, Adela's daughter, Matilda, drowned with her husband Richard, the earl of Chester, on the White Ship, which also killed Henry I's son and expected heir. In 1126, King Henry I of England had his nephew, Adela's son son Henry, made Abbott of Glastonbury Abbey. In 1129 he became the Bishop of Winchester, keeping also his position at Glastonbury. Though Adela retired to a convent in 1130, she gave up her title of countess, though she remained active in her son's rule. In 1135, Adela's son, Stephen, moved quickly on the death of his uncle, Henry I, to seize the crown of England. Henry had designated his daughter, the Empress Matilda , as his successor, and had his nobles declare loyalty to her. But with Stephen's action, a protracted civil war began in England. Adela was not to see the end of that battle, nor the ultimate defeat of her son. She died on March 8, in either 1135 or 1137 (sources disagree). Under Stephen's reign, his brother, Henry, Bisohp of Winchester, was the second most powerful man in England, and perhaps also the second wealthiest. Henry briefly changed his allegiance from Stephen to Matilda, and then switched his allegiance back again. He was responsible for many building projects including at Winchester Cathedral and Winchester Palace. In his later years, he presided over Thomas Becket's trial. More women's history biographies, by name:	i don't know
Which international and somewhat secretive organization refers to God as the Great Architect of the Universe	Religious Counterfeits -Spiritual insights into the dangers of the New Age and the New World Order. Email the Author The Freemasonry Organization refers to God as " Great Architect Of The Universe " or the G.A.O.T.U. This particular idea about God has been around long before the Freemasons formally chose to call him that. But the question is: What exactly does it mean when the call God " The Great Architect "? We need then to read some of their Masonic literature to find out!consectetuer. THE UNIVERSAL GOD OF MASONRY In Masonry, the "Great Architect Of The Universe ", who is the Masonic God has some of the attributes of the God of the Bible, such as infinity, eternity, and omnipotence. However, the Masonic God does not have any qualities such as mercy, love, and benevolence. "Coils Masonic Encyclopedia", Henry Coils, page 516, 517 says: "Men have decided whether they want a God like the ancient Hebrew Yahweh, a partisan tribal God, with whom they can talk and argue and from whom they can hide if necessary, or a boundless, eternal, universal undenominational, and international, divine spirit, so vastly removed from the speck called man, that he cannot be known, named, or approached. So soon as man begins to laud his God and endow him with the most perfect human attributes such as justice, mercy, beneficence, etc., the Divine Essence is depreciated and despoiled. The Masonic test (for admission) is a Supreme Being, and any qualification added is an innovation and distortion." Here the Biblical God is being rejected as an inferior concept of God, while the universal God of Masonry is extolled. Masonry teaches also that God is unapproachable, but the Bible tells of God as being able to be approached by man, through Jesus Christ. The Masonic God is said to be "incapable of anger", pg. 718, Morals and Dogma, Albert Pike. But the Bible tells us that God is angry at sin and also loving and merciful to those who repent. This "Great Architect Of The Universe " that the Freemasons worship is just like the "Universal It" or "Force" that the New Age Religion believes in. That is because the New Age Movement is just one of the many vehicles through which Satan works to bring in his evil pantheistic ideas to the people, and he is enjoying great success! THE G.A.O.T.U. -THE GOD OF NATURE Now let me prove to you that the God of Freemasonry is the pantheistic God of Nature. Former Mason Edmond Ronayne stated: "Freemasonry 'carefully excludes' the Lord Jesus Christ from the lodge and chapter, repudiates His mediatorship, rejects his atonement, denies and disowns His gospel, frowns upon his religion and his church, ignores the Holy Spirit, and sets up for itself a spiritual empire, a religious theocracy, at the head of which it places the G.A.O.T.U. -the god of nature- and from which the only living true God is expelled by resolution." Former Mason- Edmond Ronayne, The Master's Carpet or Masonry and Baal-Worship-Identical, pg. 87 Masonic writer, J.S.M. Ward tells us: "THE UNKNOWN PANTHEISTIC DEITY HINTED AT IN MASONRY is a matter of vital importance, both to those who desire to know what Freemasonry teaches, and also to those who hope by means of hints in our present ritual to rediscover something of our past history. It (the Masonic Supreme Being) IS DISTINCTLY PANTHEISTIC rather than Monotheistic." Ward, Freemasonry and the Ancient Gods, pg. 44, 46, 61 One Masonic writer (Order of the Eastern Star for Women) explains about their Masonic Pantheistic God: "(God)... That invisible power which all know does exist, but understood by many different names, such as God, Spirit, Supreme Being, Intelligence, Mind, Energy, Nature and so forth." Mary Ann Slipper, The Symbolism of the Eastern Star, Page 35, 36 Wagner, Freemasonry: an Interpretation, pg. 286, 309, 310: "In its doctrines concerning the divine eminence Freemasonry is dedicated pantheistic, partaking of the various shades of that view of the divine God 'The Great Architect Of The Universe ' is the great soul of the universe and the universe is the garment in which he is clothed. The Masonic view of the revelation of God, in the lower degrees is deistic, but in the higher degrees it becomes pantheistic. The writings of Garrison, Buck Pike, and other eminent Masons show this unmistakably. It is this particular pantheistic conception of deity, which has passed from India through the secret doctrines of the Cabala into modern speculative Freemasonry. In Masonry, a god distinct from the life of nature has no existence." THE G.A.O.T U.- THE SUN GOD This is from an authorized Masonic publication, concerning the secret meaning of the Great Architect Of The Universe (the G.A.O.T.U.) From The Masters Carpet, by Edmond Ronayne, Past Grand Master of Lodge 639 in Chicago, pages 301, 302: "The Lodge room then is brought us a symbol of the universe, governed by the Sun God, and it's cubicle form expressed in the language of the ritual is made to represent the united power of light and darkness, and the constant conflict which is supposed to be always going on between them. In other words the lodge room is the real heaven (in miniature), where the god of nature G.A.O.T.U. always presides, where his symbol is always displayed, where his worship is always practiced." Quoted from Masonic Report, McQuaig pg. 15 As we can see here, the Masonic Lodge is meant to represent the Universe, which is the home of their pantheistic Sun God. The black and white tiles on the floor of the lodge are meant to represent the "God of forces" in the form of dark and light squares or positive and negative (male and female) forces of the Universe! We have to realize that this is the very same pantheistic "god of forces" that is worshipped by those in the New Age Movement! According to the high ranking 33rd Degree Mason, Manly P. Hall: "The temple of Egyptian mysticism were... according to their own priests miniature representations of the universe. The solar system was always regarded as a great temple of initiation." Secret Teachings of All Ages, Hall, pg. CXXXIII Because the God of the Freemasons is the Sun God all devotions in their Lodges are made facing East! The Masonic ritual proclaims that: "as the sun rises in the east, to open and govern the day, so rises the Worshipful Master in the east, to open and govern his Lodge, set the craft to work and give them proper instruction." Malcolm Duncan, Duncan's Masonic Ritual Monitor, pg.15 In Ezekiel 8:16, Ezekiel tells us about God showing him what was really going on, in the temple at Jerusalem: "And he brought me into the inner court of the Lord's house, and, behold, at the door of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, were about five and twenty men, with their backs toward the temple of the Lord, and their faces toward the east; and they worshipped the sun toward the east." When the Prophet Ezekiel is taken further the Lord also shows him the women weeping for Tammuz the Sun God! THE LOST NAME OF GOD The altar arrangement for the Masonic Holy Royal Arch degree ceremony identifies the name JAH-BUL-ON as the secret name of The Great Architect Of The Universe, who is the deity worshiped by the Freemasons. Although Masons publicly refer to their God as The Great Architect Of The Universe or the G.A.O.T.U., they have a secret "Name" for this Deity, that of which is revealed in the Masons Royal Arch Degree, once they have climbed up higher in the Degrees of Masonry. Prior to reaching the Royal Arch degree, the Mason has been told that the real name of God has been lost. In a book called "Secret Societies for all Ages- and countries " by Charles Heckethorn, we are told all about revealing of the Mason's true secret name of God in the Royal Arch Degree. The Author starts by telling us on pages 30, 31 of his book, that there are nine officers in the Royal Arch, The Chief of whom (in England) is Zerub-babel, the compound word meaning "the bright lord, the sun." Then he goes on to tell that, upon entering this chapter of the Royal Arch Degree of Masonry, that the nine officers give a performance where they have a show of sorrow in imitation of the ancients (pagans) who were mourning the loss of Osiris (the Egyptian God figure). The candidates for initiation then have to go through mock "trials and tribulations", just as the candidates for initiation into the ancient Mystery Religion had go through, says Author Charles Heckethorn. These ancient Mystery Religion initiations are imitated during the Royal Arch Degree. Then the candidates for initiation into the Royal Arch Degree of Masonry take an oath, declaring that they have come to assist in the rebuilding of Solomon's Temple. (I'll explain what that means later). They then do some "mock" building of the Temple, using shovels and crowbars. Then they supposedly find 3 vaults. By this time, "The Sun has gained his meridian height, darts his rays to the center and shines on a white marble pedestal, on which is a plate of gold." On this plate of gold is a double triangle, and within this triangle, the initiate's find some words which they cannot understand the meaning of. And so, they take the gold plate over to Zerub-babel (the Sun God), to try to get from him an explanation of what these mysterious words mean that they have found. -Now these words together, constitute the "lost word" of Masonry- or the Secret name of God, and so, pay attention to what they mean! Author Charles Heckethorn then goes on to say that when the initiates take this gold plate with the mysterious words on them-to Zerub-babel, the Sun God: 'There the whole mystery of Masonry- as far as known to Masons- is unveiled; what the Masons had long been in search of is found, for the mysterious writing in a triangular form is the long lost sacred word of the Master Mason, which Solomon and Hiram deposited there...this word JAHBULON (equals) Jah - Bul - On, the Hebrew, Assyrian, and Egyptian names of the Sun..." And of course, then- the impression is given that the Christian and Hebrew God, Jehovah- is the same essentially- as the God of the Assyrians and the Egyptians. Jah, Bul and On appear in the American ritual of the Royal Arch degree on the supposition that Jah was the Syrian name of God. Bel the Chaldean. and On, the Egyptian (Coil's Masonic Encyclopedia) You see, at first, when one starts up the ladder of degrees of Freemasonry, he is made aware that you may worship any God and still be a Mason. This is made to seem as if they are very "liberal" and don't want to offend anyone by excluding anybody's idea of who God is. But, then when you reach on into the higher degrees of Masonry, they in effect let you find out the "Royal Secret" that the God of the Christians is the same God as was worshipped by the Babylonians, Egyptians, and any other Pagan Religion! They make it seem very alluring and mysterious, having you think that some great "wisdom" is just around the corner, if you follow on further into the degrees of Masonry. This so-called "secret wisdom" is merely the idea that all Gods are really just variations of the "One" God, The Sun God! The officers of the Royal Arch Degree all put on a show, "mourning for the loss of Osiris". Does not this coincide with the "weeping for Tammuz "routine? Nimrod, the Babylonian version of the Sun God (Osiris is merely the Egyptian version of the same). Nimrod supposedly died and went on up into the Sun, to thereafter send rays of blessing back down upon the people of Babylon who worshipped him. And supposedly, Nimrod and Semiramis had a son by the name of Tammuz, who was a reincarnation of Nimrod, the Sun God. Tammuz was killed because he was trying to promote the idea of Sun Worship to a certain King. This is why, in the Mystery Religion Ceremonies, which the Masons imitate- they "mourned for Tammuz" or mourned for Nimrod -whom Tammuz was a reincarnation of. And you see- the whole idea is that Tammuz was the "coming back" of Nimrod, which was proof to them of, guess what? of Immortality of the Soul! This was their guarantee that they too could be immortal "gods". This is why, during the Mason's Royal Arch "mystery", they all weep and mourn for the seeming loss of Osiris (Nimrod) the "God". But then, according to Author Charles Heckethorn, the Sun begins to gain its meridian height and shines on the gold plate. This is symbolic, of course, of when Nimrod, after he died and went up to the Sun, seemed to go down into the ocean at night and "die" again. But then in the morning, the Sun would rise up again, as a guarantee that the Sun God was still alive, which was a guarantee of immortality of the Soul. During this Royal Arch Mystery- the Sun would shine on the plate and show the initiates that the "Lost word" or Osiris, or Nimrod, the Sun God was still around. They had found it! The lost word: JAH - BUL - ON is merely 3 different ways to say the name of their Sun God!	Freemasonry
What was Lord Baden-Powell's first name	The Secret Order of The Illuminati - New World Order - Jesuits - CFR - Black Pope The Secret Societies have been present in the history of man for a very long time. It all started thousands of years ago with the " Brotherhood of the Snake ", a secret society that refers to Satan (the Great Serpent) back in the Garden of Eden. The Illuminati consider Satan being to good God and the Old Testament God to be evil. Their opinion is that Satan gave man knowledge, while God tried to suppress the same. From this viewpoint Satanism was developed and is practiced within the secret societies up until this day. There are different theories as of where the secret knowledge within the secret societies comes from, and I am going to mention the two most common theories: In the Sumerian Scriptures , which go back at least 6000 years, the stone tablets tell us about the Anunnaki "they who from heaven came". According to researchers like Zachariah Sitchin , David Icke and William Bramley , the Anunnaki were the Gods mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible, and they were aliens who came from another planet and created humankind as a slave race to serve them. The Sumerian Scriptures tell us about Anu, who was the king of the Anunnaki, and Ea (or Enki), who is equivalent to Satan. He is told to be the one who gave the knowledge to man in the Garden of Eden, and created the first secret society, the above mentioned "The Brotherhood of the Snake". The Anunnaki is said to have come here to exploit the resources of the Earth; especially gold, as this was something they were lacking on their planet, and they urgently needed it as an important ingredient in their atmosphere. Thus Ea, who was a brilliant scientist, created homo sapiens as a hybrid between a primitive earth life-form and the alien race. (NOTE: If you, the reader, have a problem accepting the alien part of this agenda, feel free to exclude it from the picture for now, and please continue to read. You will most certainly find the evidence overwhelming on this website with- or without the alien involvement. The truth speaks for itself. However, if you still want to research the alien/interdimensional part of it all, I suggest you visit the Disclosure Project Website and watch The Disclosure Project Video . Approximately 500 government employees testify about the alien agenda and that the aliens are among us, and they are all willing to go to court to testify further, in public. This video definitely convinced me, and many many others who were 100% sure the alien agenda was a piece of disinformation. Please continue to be skeptical while watching this video and exploring the website, but don't be skeptical beyond reason. The same goes for the information on this website of mine. The full testimonies of those 500+ government people are gathered in the book "The Disclosure Project", which can be ordered from their website. In the book are also actual classified documents, and tons of those can also be found at the Disclosure Project Website). First homo sapiens were only meant for slave labor and couldn't breed. Later on this was changed. Although Ea didn't like how his created race was treated as an inferior race , he wanted to enlighten them by teaching them who they were and where they came from. He also wanted to tell them the well hidden truth that each individual is a spirit inhabiting a body and that after body death the spirit lives on and reincarnates on Earth. David Icke, who has researched the Illuminati for decades, claims that the top Illuminati bloodlines are shape shifting reptilians, aliens not from space, but from another dimension, and that THEY actually are the Anunnaki "Gods". According to him, they are the ones in charge of the secret societies. Those entities have the ability to shape shift into human form, and he says he has hundreds of witnesses who have seen them shape shift back into reptilian form. The Christian viewpoint on this is that the Anunnaki in fact were the Giants that walked the Earth, which the Bible is talking about. Those Giants were the nephilim, who rebelled towards God and were cast down to Earth from Heaven, together with their master, Satan. Christians explain the shape shifting theory by saying that the aliens in fact are demons and the nephilim. They mean that the persons that have been seen shape shifting are merely demon possessed due to their black magic practices, and sometimes the demons "bleed through" and show themselves, either in reptilian form or as the "grey aliens". Maybe the different conclusions are just different interpretations of the same thing? Whatever the truth is, there is definitely something going on. There are too many witnesses, and in the era of the Internet it is easier for people to communicate world wide. This may be the reason why we hear so much about this phenomenon now, where there once was silence. There is no Media cover-up on the Internet. On the other hand, we cannot take everybody that steps forward on the Internet seriously, as things like these also can create psychological chain reactions. Some people may "believe" they have experienced something that they actually haven't. This is not meant to be a religious web site, so I will not argue too much about these things; especially as I don't have the answers myself. On the contrary, this site has as one of its' purposes to explain the world situation from an objective viewpoint - as objective as possible. The truth is; in the background throughout all history there are secret societies. The original Brotherhood soon split up in cults, when certain people on top were in disagreement with each other. Different powers of control developed, where they fought against each other internally (which still is the case today), out of sight from an ignorant population. They invented the different religions and sects and cults so man would be busy doing something else instead of looking into what the Brotherhood actually was doing. They put themselves in charge of the churches to entrap people and to spread conflicts between different belief systems. Most wars throughout history have been religious wars. Out of the original Brotherhood came Freemasonry, the Rosicrucians, The Knight Templars, Ordo Templi Orientis, Knights of Malta and more. Some people may object and say that Freemasonry, for example, is a charity organization and even a Christian society. Yes, that's what we're told and that is what most members of the secret society believe. The vast majority of people involved are good people, who are ignorant of what is practiced on the highest levels; unaware of that up there is Satanism and worship of the dark forces. They don't serve God, they serve Satan or Lucifer, and this is the key to what is happening in the world of today. The Bavarian Illuminati Adam Weishaupt (1748-1811), basically a Jew, converted to become a Catholic Priest and ended up starting a "new" secret society called the Illuminati. Actually it was not new at all; it's been there long before then under different names, but during Weishaupt's lifetime this organization was revealed in public. It's unclear if he was the master-mind behind it, but most researchers, including myself, are more or less certain that Weishaupt was just a puppet for the Freemasonic Elite. The Freemasons had recently started a new branch of Freemasonry - Freemasonry of the Scottish Rite with its 33 degrees of initiation. It's still today one of the most powerful secret societies in the world, including members within high politics, religious leaders, businessmen and other for them useful individuals. Things point in the direction that Weishaupt was sponsored by the Rothschild's, who then were (and still are) the heads of Freemasonry worldwide. The Illuminati had its own grades ABOVE (or rather beside) the 33 degrees of Freemasonry. Even persons who were initiated to the higher degrees of Freemasonry had no knowledge of the Illuminati grades - it was that secret. Weishaupt planned to take over the world, and he made up distinct strategies to create a One World Government and a New World Order. All this was written down into something called the " Protocols of the Elders of Zion ", written in a way to put the blame on the Jews if the secret plan would leak. And it did leak! An emissary for the Illuminati was struck by lightning when he rode over a field, carrying the Protocols, and they were found and revealed to the world. This was in the 1770's. Weishaupt and his Illuminati "Brothers" had to flee and work underground, due to that their organization was banned. It was decided by the Brotherhood that the name Illuminati should never again be used in public; instead front groups should be used to fulfill the purpose of world domination. One of the front groups were the Freemasons, who had a better reputation. It is believed that Weishaupt was killed by his Freemason Brothers, as he was unable to keep his mouth shut and still continued to use the name Illuminati. There could also have been other reasons. The secret goal, however, survived Weishaupt and the Rothschild's were now heads of the Illuminati (and still are today). A good help in the effort to reach the goal came from the Freemason Cecil Rhodes, who in the 19th Century tried to build a One World Government with the British Empire on top. This agenda was sponsored by the Rothschild's and it was also Rhodes who created the Round Table, a secret society in itself, named after King Arthur's Round Table, where the Brotherhood Elite is gathering up to this day. World War I and II were both attempts to take over. After the Second World War people were so tired of all the killing that they welcomed the United Nations, when it was founded. The official policy of the UN was to safeguard the peace, so nothing like WW II would ever happen again. But indeed the UN was another important front organization for the Illuminati, to unite the countries of the world into one. Here is a typical example of how the Brotherhood works: "problem-reaction-solution". By starting two world wars they created a problem. This in turn created a reaction from the population, who wanted a solution to the wars. So the Illuminati created a solution to the problem they themselves started by founding the United Nation; one further step toward a One World Government. This eventually led to the EU project, which anyone, with his eyes open, can see goes right into the direction of the biggest fascist state known to man, where each country gets less and less power and sovereignty, and Europe is put under the reign of a few, in a centralized government. And who are running EU? The Freemasons and the Illuminati. By creating galloping inflation, the International Bankers (read the Illuminati) have succeeded in making us believe that the only solution is a One Currency - the EMU. When that project is safeguarded, the Central European Bank (Illuminati) has all the power over the economy in Europe and can lead us in whatever direction they want. Some politicians are just ignorant and power hungry, while others are aware of facts and work for and with, the Illuminati. The innocent people, being deceived, are the ones who will suffer the most. This is a betrayal beyond comprehension. The European Union will soon expand into the United Nations of Africa (something Bill Clinton worked hard on), Asia, and South America. The end phenomenon will be that all those countries will be merged into one big fascist state, which will last in a thousand years, regarding to their occult belief. This is the Golden Age - the Age of the Antichrist. The secret societies and the Illuminati believe in the power of symbols. The world is full of their magic- and black magic symbols. However, we are so used to seeing them everywhere, that we don't even think about it. The Illuminati believe that the more symbols around, the more magic power to them. The insignia of the Illuminati and the New World Order is the "Pyramid with the All-Seeing- Eye", which you can study on the back of the U.S. One Dollar Bill (some years ago this symbol was also on a series of stamps released from the Vatican). The All-Seeing-Eye is the Eye of Horus, which is the Eye of Lucifer, and goes back to the Egyptian era. The One Dollar Bill was designed by President Roosevelt's administration, and the below letter from 1951 tells us that the President had a lot to do with its' design: "In 1934 when I was Sec. of Agriculture I was waiting in the outer office of Secretary [of State Cordell] Hull and as I waited I amused myself by picking up a State Department publication which was on a stand there entitled, "The History of the Seal of the United States." Turning to page 53 I noted the colored reproduction of the reverse side of the Seal. The Latin phrase Novus Ordo Seclorum impressed me as meaning the New Deal of the Ages. Therefore I took the publication to President Roosevelt and suggested a coin be put out with the obverse and reverse sides of the Seal. Roosevelt as he looked at the colored reproduction of the Seal was first struck with the representation of the "All Seeing Eye," a Masonic representation of The Great Architect of the Universe. Next he was impressed with the idea that the foundation for the new order of the ages had been laid in 1776 but that it would be completed only under the eye of the Great Architect. Roosevelt like myself was a 32nd degree Mason. He suggested that the Seal be put on the dollar bill rather than a coin and took the matter up with the Secretary of the Treasury. When the first draft came back from the Treasury the obverse side was on the left of the bill as is heraldic practice. Roosevelt insisted that the order be reversed so that the phrase "of the United States" would be under the obverse side of the Seal... Roosevelt was a great stickler for details and loved playing with them, no matter whether it involved the architecture of a house, a post office, or a dollar bill." ï¿½ Wallace's letter to Dal Lee February 6, 1951 Other common symbols are the pentagram (five-pointed star), the hexagram (six-pointed star - The Star of David), the Swastika reversed (the way Hitler used it) and the pyramid in general. Hexagram (click on the picture) Pentagram (click on the picture) The secret societies, controlled by the Illuminati, have secret grades of initiations - a pyramid structure where people on one level of the pyramid do not know what the people on the level above them know. In Freemasonry you can't just become a member; you have to be recommended by at least two persons who are already members, and the applicant should be examined of his record before he is able to join. If only one person in the council says no to membership, the suggested person will not be initiated. Each person is very carefully examined to determine if the Brotherhood may have any use for him. That doesn't mean that they are selecting only "bad" people; quite the opposite: Officially most societies are charity organizations. This, and the propaganda that organizations like the Freemasons are Christian, is why most people join. These organizations are instead extremely esoteric with secret grades of initiations, where each member has sworn loyalty foremost to the Brotherhood. This means that if this person has a specific post in society (like being President for example), his first loyalty is to the Brotherhood and second to his post as President. So he has in fact double loyalties. A Brother in good standing should always be protected and cared for, as long as he is useful to the organization and follows its' rules. If he fails or doesn't keep the secrets, he will be made a horrible example of (sometimes even killed). It is extremely important that the secrets are kept. If not, the Brotherhood loses its power over the people and the whole pyramid falls apart. The Illuminati are terrified to be revealed; afraid that the public will kill them in fury when they find out about their crimes. Many Freemasons on the lower grades are actually very pleased to being members. It is a tight "belonging-feeling" and they will learn a few secrets of this universe, which are not taught in school, and they are often enthusiastic and fascinated. One Freemason said: "Beside my wife, Freemasonry is the most important thing in my life ..." His wife, by the way, must never know anything about what her husband is doing within the society, as it is supposed to be kept secret, and women most often are not allowed into the societies (however, there ARE a few societies especially for women, like the Freemasonic " Eastern Star "). One can then speculate in how come that women are treated as being of lesser value in the society than men, with lower wages for the same job etc. It's a man's world - it's the world of the man dominated Secret Societies. With the purpose to create a positive front, the Brotherhood is very eager to recruit good people (celebrities and people in positions where they are admired by the population in general are extremely valuable to recruit) to speak good of the cult and defend it when necessary. And the less those people know about the real agenda, the more truthful this person will sound in his defense of the organization. This also goes for religious cults of any sort, as they too are connected to the network of secret societies in one way or the other. With time, some of the members (but far from everyone) will enter higher and higher grades within the secret society, until they reach the upper, significant levels. But up there, a very careful selection takes place. Before entering the upper grades in the cult, a Brother of a higher level asks the apprentice to spit on the Christian cross. If the person refuses due to his Christian belief, the higher initiated Brother tells him he did the right thing and has showed his loyalty to his religion. But that person will never be admitted into the highest grades. He will always be met with excuses from the council why he can't continue. On the other hand, if the person does spit on the cross, he is showing his loyalty to the Brotherhood instead, and is considered trustworthy enough to be admitted to continue up the grade chart. He will now have access to the "secret libraries", where the wisdom from long gone ages are gathered, and he is allowed to take part of it and the magic rituals. He will be more and more involved in Black Magic/Satanism and prepared for the "Big secrets", which among others are the following: 1. The secret society is in communication with alien life-forms , which are the real powers behind the society. This may be beings from another dimension, or Satan and his demons - perhaps the two are the same. 2. The purpose with the society is to create a One World Government with them in charge over mankind, but above them in the Hierarchy is the Luciferian, "alien" force. 3. The way to control the masses is through mind control and occult, satanic power, used with the intent to manipulate. This also means that the occult idea of reality will be planted into the society through Media, music, Hollywood and otherwise (currently happening on a daily basis). 4. The reward will be power and money, in exchange for selling the soul to the above forces ( click here to find out how Black Magic is practiced, written by Manly P. Hall, a famous 33ï¿½ Freemason). Demons will possess the practitioner and help him accomplish his goals, but the bargain is that the Demon owns his soul after physical death (a high price to pay for "success"). In 1922 Lucifer's Trust was created in London, but later changed its name to Luci's Trust, as the first name was too obvious. The Trust is non-governmental and officially recognized by the United Nations. It is also an extension of the Theosophical Society , another secret society which influenced Adolf Hitler in developing his doctrine about the Arian Super Race. Luci's Trust is sponsored by among others the Satanist Robert McNamara, former minister of Defense in the USA, president of the World Bank, member of the Rockefeller Foundation, and Thomas Watson (IBM, former ambassador in Moscow). Luci's trust sponsors, among others, are the following front organizations: United Nations, Greenpeace Int., Greenpeace USA, Amnesty Int., UNICEF. Luci's Trust has its only "religious" chapel, the Temple of Understanding, where Satanism is practiced, in the UN headquarter in New York1. Interesting is the fact that Luci's Trust openly declares that a secretive group of illuminated, New Age notables is now running the planet from behind the scene. Below is proof coming directly from the horse's mouth that Freemasonry is not a Christian organization, in spite of what their lower grade members think, and the higher grade members say. These quotes are taken from the works of Manly P. Hall, who was a famous 33ï¿½ Freemason, and frequently read especially on the higher echelons of Freemasonry; Albert Pike, the icon of Freemasonry, also he a 33ï¿½, who wrote the book " Morals and Dogma "; and a few other significant sources: Manly P. Hall: "Man is a god in the making. And as the mystic myths of Egypt, on the potter's wheel, he is being molded. When his light shines out to lift and preserve all things, he receives the triple crown of godhood." (Manly P. Hall, The Lost Keys of Freemasonry, p. 92) "European mysticism was not dead at the time the United States of America was founded. The hand of the mysteries controlled in the establishment of the new government for the signature of the mysteries may still be seen on the Great Seal of the United states of America. Careful analysis of the seal discloses a mass of occult and Masonic symbols chief among them, the so-called American Eagle. ... the American eagle upon the Great Seal is but a conventionalised phoenix..." "Not only were many of the founders of the United States government Masons, but they received aid from a secret and august body existing in Europe which helped them to establish this country for A PECULIAR AND PARTICULAR PURPOSE known only to the initiated few." (Manly P. Hall, The Secret Teachings of All Ages, pp. XC and XCI) * * * "Masonry makes no profession of Christianity.. but looks forward to the time when the labor of our ancient brethren shall be symbolized by the erection of a spiritual temple.. in which there shall be but one altar and one worship; one common altar of Masonry on which the Veda, Shatra, Sade, Zeda-Avesta, Koran and the Holy Bible shall at who's shrine the Hindu, the Persian, the Assyrian, the Chaldean, the Egyptian, the Chinese, the Mohammedan, the Jew and the Christian may kneel." [ "The Kentucky Monitor" Fellowcraft Degree p. 95 ] ".... the literal meaning (of the Bible) is for the vulgar only." [Albert Pike "Digest of Morals and Dogma," p. 166 ] "What is True to the philosopher, would not be truth, nor have the effect of truth, to the peasant. The religion of many must necessarily be more incorrect than that of the refined and reflected few.. The truest religion would in many points , not be comprehended by the ignorant.. The doctrines of the Bible are often not clothed in the language of strict truth, but in that which was fittest to convey to a rude and ignorant people.. the doctrine." [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma," 14th Degree, p. 224 ] "The true name of Satan, the Kabalists say, is that of Yahweh reversed; for Satan is not a black god.. for the initiates this is not a Person, but a force, created for good, but which may serve for evil. It is the instrument of liberty and free will." [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma," Master Mason / 3rd Degree p. 102 ] "Masonry is a search for light. That light. That search leads us back, as you see, to the Kabala. In that ancient and little understood (source book) the infinite will find the source of many doctrines; and (he) may in time come to understand the Hermetic philosophers, the Alchemists, all the Anti-papal Thinkers of the Middle Ages, and Emanuel Swedenborg." [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma," 28th Degree p. 741 ] "All truly dogmatic religions have issued from the Kabala and return to it; everything scientific and grand in the religious dreams of the Illuminati, Jacob Boeheme, Swedenborg, Saint Martin, and others is borrowed from the Kabala; all Masonic associations owe to it their secrets and their symbols." [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma," 28th Degree p. 747 ] "Though Masonry is identical with the ancient Mysteries, it is so only in this qualified sense: that it presents but an imperfect image of their brilliancy, the ruins of their grandeur .." [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma Fellowcraft Degree p.22 ] "Masonry, successor to the Mysteries (Babel, Mythras, Tummuz, Whicka,etc.) still follows the ancient manor of teaching." [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma Fellowcraft Degree p.22 ] "These two divinities (Sun and Moon, Osiris and Isis, etc) were commonly symbolized by the generative parts of a man and a woman; to which in remote ages no idea of indecency was attached ; the Phallus (penis) and the Cteis (vagina), emblems of generation and production, and which, as such appeared in the Mysteries (I believe Masonry is the revival of these). The Indian Lingam was the union of both, as were the boat and mast and the point within the circle." (key Masonic symbols) [ Albert Pike "Morals and Dogma," 24th Degree, p. 401 ] "If your wife child, or friend should ask you anything about your invitation - as for instance, if your clothes were taken off, if you were blind folded, if you had a rope tied around you neck, etc, you must conceal.. hence of course you must deliberately lie about it. It is part of your obligation .. " [ Ibid p. 74 ] Question: "what makes you a Freemason ? Answer: My obligation." [question and answer from the Entered Apprentice/First Degree] ".. binding myself under no less penalty that of having throat cut from ear to ear, my tongue torn out by its roots, and my body buried in the rough sands of the sea, a cable length from the shore where the tide.." [ from the oath of obligation Entered Apprentice/First Degree ] ".. binding myself under no less penalty than having my left Breast torn open, my heart plucked out, and given to the beasts of the field and fowls of the air as prey." [from the oath of obligation , Fellowcraft/Second Degree] ".. binding myself under no less penalty that of having my body severed in twain, my bowels taken out and burned to ashes, the ashes scattered to the four winds of heaven.." [ from the oath of obligation, Master Mason / Third Degree ] " .. in willful violation whereof may I incur the fearful penalty of having my eyeballs pierced to thru center with a three edged blade, my feet flayed and forced to walk the hot sands upon the sterile shores of the red sea until the flaming Sun shall strike with a livid plague, and my Allah the god of Arab, Moslem and Mohammedan, the god of our fathers, support me to the entire fulfillment of the same." [ from the oath of obligation, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine ] ("Shriners") "You must conceal all the crimes of your brother Masons... and should you be summoned as a witness against a brother Mason be always sure to shield him.. It may be perjury to do this, it is true, but your keeping your obligations." [ Ronayne, "Handbook of Masonry" p. 183 ] "We shall unleash the Nihilists and atheists, and we shall provoke a formidable social cataclysm which in all its horror will show clearly to the nations the effect of absolute atheism, origin of savagery and of the most bloody turmoil. Then everywhere, the citizens, obliged to defend themselves against the world minority of revolutionaries, will exterminate those destroyers of civilization, and the multitude, disillusioned with Christianity, whose deistic spirit will from that moment be without a compass (direction), anxious for an ideal, but without knowing where to render its adoration, will receive the pure light through the universal manifestation of the pure doctrine of Lucifer, brought finally out in the public view, a manifestation which will result from the general reactionary movement which will follow the destruction of Christianity and atheism, both conquered and exterminated at the same time." -Albert Pike, on a plan for world conquest, written in a letter to Mazzini dated August 15, 1871. "..Thirty-third degree Freemason Albert Pike (1809-1891), the man destined to develop the Luciferian Doctrine for the Masonic hierarchy, could not accept the Lucifer and Satan were the same personality. While teaching his beliefs to a select few in the Supreme Council, Pike became the most powerful Mason in the world. Although an obscure general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, he was hardly inconspicuous in Freemasonry. From 1859 until his death in 1891, Pike occupied simultaneously the positions of Grand Master of the Central Directory at Washington, D.C., Grand Commander of the Supreme Council at Charleston, S.C., and Sovereign Pontiff of Universal Freemasonry. He was an honorary member of almost every Supreme Council in the world, personally receiving 130 Masonic degrees. Pike also was one of the most physically and morally repulsive individuals in American history. Weighing well over three hundred pounds, his sexual proclivity was to sit naked astride a phallic throne in the woods, accompanied by a gang of prostitutes. To these orgies he would bring one or more wagon loads of food and liquor, most of which he would consume over a period of two days until he passed into a stupor. In his adopted state of Arkansas, Pike was well known as a practitioner of Satanism, Portraits of his later years show him wearing a symbol of the Baphomet around his neck." -Scarlet and the Beast, John Daniel, vol 1 "Masonry gives rogues and evil-minded characters an opportunity of visiting upon their devoted victim, all the ills attending combined power, when exerted to accomplish destruction. It works unseen, at all silent hours, and secret times and places; and, like death when summoning his diseases, pounces upon its devoted subject, and lays him prostrate in the dust. Like the great enemy of man, it has shown its cloven foot, and put the public upon its guard against its secret machinations." -CAPT. WM. MORGAN'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF MASONRY, 1827. "Membership of secret societies such as freemasonry can raise suspicions of a lack of impartiality or objectivity. It is therefore important the public know the facts. I think it is the case that the freemasons said they are not a secret society but a society with secrets. I think it is widely accepted that one secret they should not be keeping is who their members are in the criminal justice system." - Home Secretary Jack Straw, 1997 Home Affairs Committee England "It is generally agreed that the biggest single influence in the modern expansion of ritual magic, and the occult explosion in general, in the Western world, was the Golden Dawn. This magical fraternity, founded by Freemasons at the end of the 19th century, developed a complex ritual system with ten degrees of initiation relating to the Cabalistic Sephiroth." (World renown witches, Janet and Stewart Farrar, authors of A Witches Bible Complete) - Janet and Stewart Farrar, The Life and Times of A Modern Witch, Phoenix Publishing Company, p. 121(2). The reason good intended people stay members of such destructive organizations is probably because of its non-democratic structure and chain of commands. The lower-grade Brother is not entitled to know what is on the grade above and curiosity drives him into the mystic. Also, the discipline and secrecy is very strict and punishment can be severe if one fails to comply. In this manner the very few evil men at the top can control the many innocent and ignorant people below. It is probably that simple, and of course a basic form of mind control. Any religious cult works in the same manner and has a similar structure. It was Socrates (an illuminatus) who came up with the idea of Democracy. Personally I am not sure that democracy is the best option for a society. It has always showed to fail, as it requires political involvement from the public, who is the real power. Groups of people have shown to be easily manipulated and controlled throughout history and made to believe they live in a democracy when in fact the real power has covertly changed to the favor of the politicians (or rather those who pull the strings on the politicians). The true definition of democracy is when politicians are elected and employed by the people to achieve the needs and goals of common man. The true meaning of Democracy seems to have been buried and forgotten. The United Nations is nothing else but the World police for the Illuminati, founded to be able to step in and take military control over a country or a region which is countering the Agenda. Don't think it is a coincidence that the Temple of Understanding is positioned in the UN headquarters. Socialism is the political system the Black Order uses to enslave the people on Earth. The red banner is the private symbol of their biggest sponsors - the Rothschild's - and is actually their family-banner. You can see the red banner swaying from the top of their big mansion. This family has since the 1700's worked on bringing about socialism. The banker Meyer Amschel Rothschild (1743-1812) was the first member of this family who worked for, and financed it. Today the Rothschild's own the F-U Central bank, but few people know that many of the European Banks were founded by the Rothschild's and owned by them. Central banks is a basic thesis for the upcoming of socialism. The Rothschild's have invested plenty of money into the Environmental Movement to counter the nuclear-power industry, which wanted to build up its own free energy through nuclear power. National independency and sovereignty are things the Illuminati are up against. And when the oil resources come to an end, the nuclear power will replace the oil, and therefore the Rothschild's have bought 80% of the world assets of Uranium. This way they will have world control over energy, which means it will never be free ... THE ANTI-CHRIST As a part of the plan is the uprising of a new Antichrist. The rumor is spread that he already is here. His name is the Maitreya Buddha and has been given publicity since the 70's. He is supposed to be the one written about in the Bible and will officially come as a "man of peace", but will show to be a false Messiah, and when he has convinced the peoples of different religions around the world that he is the one they have been waiting for, he will turn into be an oppressive dictator - the Antichrist in the Bible. He has been seen together in public with among others the former President of the United States, George Bush Sr. So, are the predictions from the Bible correct? Well, they might be. Personally, I am not convinced that Maitreya is the Antichrist. (Please click here to read more about Maitreya. Be sure to follow all the links ...!) The following is another quote from Manly P. Hall, 33ï¿½ Freemason; one of the greatest authorities on secret societies in general, and Freemasonry in particular: 'There exists in the world today, and has existed for thousands of years, a body of enlightened humans united in what might be termed, an Order of the Quest. It is composed of those whose intellectual and spiritual perceptions have revealed to them that civilization has secret destiny.. The outcome of this 'secret destiny' is a World Order ruled by a King with supernatural powers. This King was descended of a divine race; that is, he belonged to the Order of the Illumined for those who come to a state of wisdom then belong to a family of heroes-perfected human beings.' Manly P. Hall 33ï¿½ Mason, The Secret Destiny of America(2)	i don't know
What are the cowboys of the South American pampas called	The cowboys of Argentina: GAUCHOS \| Coordinating Accessories » The cowboys of Argentina: GAUCHOS The word gaucho could be described as a loose equivalent to the North American “cowboy”. Gaucho is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American pampas, chacos, or Patagonian grasslands, found principally in parts of Argentina. The term often connotes the 19th century more than the present day, when gauchos made up the majority of the rural population, herding cattle on the vast estancias, and practicing hunting as their main economic activities. The gaucho plays an important symbolic role in the nationalist feelings of this region. The epic poem Martín Fierro by José Hernández used the gaucho as a symbol against corruption and of Argentine national tradition, pitted against Europeanizing tendencies. Martín Fierro, the hero of the poem, is drafted into the Argentine military for a border war, deserts, and becomes an outlaw and fugitive. The image of the free gaucho is often contrasted to the slaves who worked the northern Brazilian lands. Clothing of the gauchos: LAS PILCHAS All gaucho clothing is usually called pilcha. The typical gaucho dress has the imprint of the Andalusian horse rider with a poncho (large cloak or cape cut like a blanket with a slit in the center for the head), a facón (large knife), a whip and baggy pants called bombachas, held with a belt with a strip of woven wool usually with a decoration called guarda pampa for everyday use and a wide leather belt adorned with silver coins for special occasions, and a chiripá (cloth tied around his waist like a diaper). One of the functions of the chiripá was to protect the gaucho from the cold (the cold was called many times with the Quechua word: “chiri). According to their economics or labor, this ornament used to have luxury features, including coins or inlaid with silver and gold figures. Their torsos were covered with the poncho, which originated in northern Argentina and is also common in other parts of the Americas, and was often made of vicuña or from the hair of the guanaco belly. The gaucho used to ride with botas de potro (horse boots) that had no heels and were open at the ends, so that the toes were uncovered. Leather boots with heels (botas fuertes or strong boots) were expensive, although most of the Gauchos saved money for them and show them off in the Patron Festivities, holidays and in the dances. They were called “patriotic boots” because they were the same ones used by the soldiers. The northern Argentine gaucho boots often have folds that resemble bellows, i.e. leather legs “cordoned off” as a way of defending the forest and possible snake bites. These boots often have espuelas (spurs) attached to them, highlighting the large silver spurs called “Nazarene” (so called because their huge pricks remotely reminiscent to the crown of thorns with which, according to the Gospels, Jesus from Nazareth was tortured). A strong Basque immigration occurred in the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th century which spread the use of a black beret and the chambergo (a dark hat of medium wings) and “alpargatas” (the originals “TOMS”) among the gauchos. I designed an outfit for a women inspired by the gaucho’s clothing. – The poncho is made out of vicuña, loosely woven and dyed in a rich red. It has a wide stripe of raw leather at one of the ends adorned with chains and a horse shoe with a horse head in the middle, all made out of alpaca, a white metal traditional of Argentina. – The loose pants are knee length and have a woven cuff with “guarda pampa” design, as well as a high and wide belted waist. – The raw leather boots are knee length with details of “fuelle” (bellows) at the top, uncovered toes and chain detail interlacing from the top to the vamp, inspired by the “botas de potro”. – I also designed a necklace out of a silver “espuela” (spurs). – A simple vest completes the outfit, inspired by the evolution of the garment at the beginning of the century.	Gaucho
Where was Napoleon exiled to after Waterloo	THE PAMPAS - INFOBA DMC ARGENTINA The Pampas The Pampas - Getting to know the domains of Gauchos The Pampas Flight time from Buenos Aires 0hr. Sep 21st Dec 21st The Argentinean Pampas (from Quechua, meaning "plain") are the fertile South American lowlands, covering more than 750,000 km2 (289,577 sq mi), that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba. The climate is mild, with precipitation, making the soils appropriate for agriculture. These plains contain unique wildlife because of the different terrains around it. Some of this wildlife includes the rhea, the pampas deer, several species of armadillos, the pampas fox, the White-eared opossum, the Elegant Crested Tinamou, and several other species. Activities: • Rural Tourism In the immensity of the Pampas, more than 300 one-of-a-kind estancias (farmhouses and surrounding buildings) that are now over a hundred years old, constructed by landowners with different architectural styles —colonial, British or French— and hidden by old groves, have been refurbished into comfortable lodgings where warmhearted country people perform the art of being your host. Most estancias are located less than 250 Km away from Buenos Aires and offer first-class services such as accommodation, Creole entertainment, local dishes and a great variety of activities. They give foreigners the opportunity to join typical tasks in Argentine farms, such as cattle herding and branding, breaking-in, playing sports on horseback —polo and pato, the latter being the national sport— or simply riding on horseback, riding carriages, or watching the flora and fauna. Once night has fallen, under the stars, you can certainly enjoy typical Creole barbecued meat, home-made jams, bonfires and guitar playing. From July to August, the country gets to Buenos Aires for an annual exhibition by the Sociedad Rural (Rural Association), with the best argentine cattle, modern machinery and a great number of different offers. Vegetation Frequent wildfires ensure that only small plants such as grasses flourish, and trees are rare. The dominant vegetation types are grassy prairie and grass steppe in which numerous species of the grass genus Stipa are particularly conspicuous. "Pampas Grass" (Cortaderia selloana) is an iconic species of the Pampas. Vegetation typically includes perennial grasses and herbs. Different strata of grasses occur because of gradients of water availability. Estancias Estancia is a Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese word describing a large rural estate with similarities to the English term ranch. The term is used in Argentina, Uruguay and southern Chile. The equivalent in other Latin American countries would be hacienda, or fazenda (only in Brazil). Unlike an hacienda, which could be any type of agricultural venture, producing grain, coffee, vegetable, beef, etc., an estancia, most typically located in the southern South American grasslands, the pampas, has historically always been a livestock (cattle or sheep) estate. During the first centuries of Spanish colonial rule, cattle introduced by the Spanish roamed free and man undertook raids to catch and slaughter them. In the 19th century stationary ranching ventures started to form in the pampas, with permanent buildings and marked livestock with clearly defined ownership. They were called estancias, the term indicating the stationary, permanent character. The estancia's ranch worker on horseback, the gaucho, is of similar importance to national folklore and identity to the cowboy in North America. In recent decades agriculture has intensified and often shifted from livestock to crop farming in the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay, due to the region’s high soil fertility. A small number of estancias, particularly those with historic architecture have been converted into guest ranches, paradores, in Argentina and Uruguay as well as in Paraguay or Chile. They were called estancias, the term indicating the stationary, permanent character. The estancia's ranch worker on horseback, the gaucho, is of similar importance to national folklore and identity to the cowboy in North America. In recent decades agriculture has intensified and often shifted from livestock to crop farming in the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay, due to the region’s high soil fertility. A small number of estancias, particularly those with historic architecture have been converted into guest ranches, paradores, in Argentina and Uruguay as well as in Paraguay or Chile. Gauchos Gaucho is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American pampas, chacos, or Patagonian grasslands, found principally in parts of Argentina, Uruguay, Southern Chile, and Southern Brazil. The word gaucho could be described as a loose equivalent to the North American "cowboy" (vaquero, in Spanish). The gauchos made up the majority of the rural population, herding cattle on the vast estancias, and practising hunting as their main economic activities. The origin of Gauchos can be traced back to two civilizations, namely the European and the Native. Gauchos may have broken their ties to he past and retired to the solitude of huge Pampa plains where they could find water and pasture for the cattle the European settlers had introduced. This legendary figure, skillful at farm tasks, allows us to live a peculiar and centenarian rural tradition even today, in the 21st century. A Gaucho still wears his typical pants, a hat or a beret, a neckerchief, spurs and a large sharp knife in his belt— replaced by a decorative buckle with silver coins during festivities. He deftly rides along farmhouses and fields, usually plays songs and improvised musical dialogs in the light of a bonfire and enjoys delicious barbecued meat. On November 10th Tradition Day is celebrated all across the country, although in San Antonio de Areco celebrations are most remarkable. During the entire week, they hold Creole campfires with folklore music, traditional dances, parades by different groups of Gauchos, and typical horseback riding games and competitions such as “jineteadas” and “pialadas” (local types of rodeos and lassoing) and “entrevero de tropillas” (a game with herds of horses).	i don't know
Who was the only woman in Edward Heath's first cabinet	Edward Heath: abuse inquiry must unravel a solitary, private man \| Politics \| The Guardian Edward Heath Edward Heath: abuse inquiry must unravel a solitary, private man Liberal Tory, renowned variously for his pro-European stance, his intellect, the miners’ clash and scorn for Thatcher, was, off duty, a generous host – but still aloof to many Edward Heath pictured at his home in Salisbury, Wiltshire, in 1999. Photograph: Mike Lawn//Rex Shutterstock Tuesday 4 August 2015 14.56 EDT Last modified on Tuesday 19 July 2016 09.22 EDT Close This article is 1 year old Edward Heath was a proud and solitary man who found intimacy of any sort difficult and threw his intellectual energy into hard work, his romantic leanings into classical music. He was admired more than he was loved, but he was also loathed by many who never met him as the unbending “traitor” who took Britain into Europe. This week’s assault on his memory will please some. The clever son of working-class parents living in east Kent (his mother had been a housemaid), Heath rose via a scholarship to Balliol college, Oxford (“effortless superiority”) , and a brush –quite literally – with Hitler to become Churchill’s last deputy chief whip. Fifteen years on from that he became the first Conservative prime minister hailing from such an early-life unprivileged background. Fifty years ago, as the patrician ascendancy over the Tory machine finally crumbled, his was a remarkable achievement. But it was not crowned with glory. As PM, from 1970 to his ejection during yet another mishandled confrontation with militant miners in 1974, Heath negotiated “common market” entry on 1 January 1973, a goal that had defeated the two Harolds, Macmillan and Wilson. But even then there were allegations, fanned by Labour at the time, that Britain would be abandoning its sovereignty and 1,000-year unconquered independence. Heath lacked the charisma or popular appeal to secure a lasting consensus, leaving schisms which have divided his party and the country ever since. In May Nigel Farage, Ukip’s leader, contested South Thanet, which includes Broadstairs, where a blue plaque marks Heath’s membership of the town yacht club. But Heath was more than Mr Europe or “Grocer Heath”, the man with the strangely strangled vowels, much mocked for decades by the public schoolboys at Private Eye. He was in many ways a liberal Tory, the leader who admitted thousands of Ugandan refugees (as Labour had not), who raised the school leaving age to 16, who backed off marketisation of the economy when the jobless total rose (he nationalised and saved Rolls-Royce). He sacked Enoch Powell from the shadow cabinet for his racist “rivers of blood “ speech in 1968. Ted Heath, sex abuse claims and child protection \| Letters Read more At Oxford where he was active in Tory politics he had joined the famous byelection rebellion against Neville Chamberlain’s policy of appeasing Hitler in the hope of peace. Heath knew otherwise. On a highflyer’s visit to Nazi Germany the student Ted, seated on the end of a row, would later tell visitors that the Fuhrer passed so close him on entering the Nuremburg stadium “ that his sleeve brushed mine”. Colonel Heath was next in Germany in a tank where other officers teased him for his fastidious refusal to help drink the wine cellars they had “liberated” on the way. Those who knew him well, by his standards, usually felt he had sacrificed the pleasures that might have come his way for politics. Those observers included Kay Raven, the Kent doctor’s daughter who eventually gave up waiting and married someone else. Thereafter Heath kept her photo by his bedside. Elected a Kent MP in 1950, when the Communist vote was larger than his initial majority, he rose rapidly and, as Anthony Eden’s chief whip, was credited with keeping the Tories more or less united after the 1956 debacle of Suez. Later he would be a vociferous opponent of the two Iraq wars. He visited Saddam Hussein in Baghdad in 1991 to try and find a solution.. He was as certain he was right, as he had been against Chamberlain. By then disaster had long since sunk his career, much as a storm once sank his beloved yacht Morning Cloud (in middle age he had softened his image by becoming a cup winning sailor). The Westminster storm was unleashed by the pre-Scargill miners’ union when he called a “who governs Britain” election at the wrong moment and lost unexpectedly to Harold Wilson . In 1965 Heath, then 48, had won the Tory leadership when Alec Douglas Home stepped down (the last Etonian tenant of No 10 before David Cameron) because he was judged to be a clever moderniser like Wilson. In fact he was much less devious or deft. Against the odds, amid union feuds and economic woes, Heath went on to beat Wilson in 1970. When he resigned after an election defeat in October 1974 he was doomed. In a still blokeish era, Margaret Thatcher , who had grown disillusioned with Heath’s economic pragmatism, was supposed to be the stalking horse to topple Heath and let a man take over, probably the emollient Willie Whitelaw. Thatcher proved much more formidable than that and went on to be Britain’s most powerful and influential PM since Churchill in his prime. On both economic policy and the cold war ( increasingly on Europe too) Heath was scornful and vocal in his criticism – which was usually launched from the corner seat below the gangway opposite Dennis Skinner . He rarely used her name. The media loved it (Thatcher later did much the same to John Major) and it was both brave and consistent, like much in Heath’s career. But, as the Thatcher bandwagon rolled on, Heath’s attitude could seem boorish and often counter-productive. The “incredible sulk” lasted 25 years until his retirement to his much loved Salisbury home in 2001. Like his hero, Churchill, Heath accepted the garter but refused a peerage. He could be a generous host, though prone to silences, even nodding off at the dinner table. Being rude to a visitor was one indication that he liked them. At Tory conferences journalists were among his dinner guests, which is how I got to know him better. He talked of Churchill, who gave him a couple of paintings, and Nixon and of his most unlikely friend, Chairman Mao. Heath was a big picture politician whose traumatic early life, encompassing the depression and then war, made him an unswerving pro-European. Throughout his career there was speculation about his private life and sexuality, much of it unkind, but some motivated by concern that he had no one to share his troubles with or no one who could tell him not to be so silly. His aloofness made it hard for friends. The widespread assumption, confirmed in Closet Queens, Michael Bloch’s new book on sexually ambiguous politicians was that Ted was either asexual or had suppressed whatever homosexual feelings he had in order to further his career. As chief whip he was intolerant of sexual laxity of any kind. He was also a confirmed misogynist who could ignore women at a dinner table. The machinery of the law and wider society have learned the hard way that allegations made against public figures by troubled young people, often in a spot of bother themselves, may sound wildly unlikely but be true. That test should apply to Wiltshire police’s current inquiries. But many who knew Heath at all well will be surprised if this fastidious loner is shown to have been prey to more human weaknesses than any of them ever suspected. • This article was amended on 7 August 2015. An earlier version referred only to the 2003 Iraq war.	Margaret Thatcher
Perdita is a moon of which planet in the Solar System	The leader 531 by The Leader (page 18) - issuu issuu PRIZE CRYPTIC CROSSWORD Complete the cryptic crossword below and send it into our offices at CC Los Dolses (above Cardmania) and the first correct entry drawn will win a EUR 25 prize. The draw will take place on the Saturday, at noon, following publication. Remember to put your phone number and name on the entry. YOUR CHANCE TO WIN 25 EURO WINNER DAVID WHITNEY DOWN 1. A trap set thus is not together (5) 2. The athlete is out of bed, but he came second (6-2) 3. Anne is unfortunately quite mad (6) 4. Quiet tune for two (4) 5. A revolution cropping up (7) 6. For which players take to the air (5,5) 9. Having given vocal items, girls use them to keep out the glare (3-7) 12. Somehow get rid of set joint (8) 14. Almost aiming for pain-killer (7) 16. The riches derived from the law (6) 19. Delete some of the matter as erroneous (5) 20. She introduces boy to youth leader (4) SUDOKU CHALLENGE Fill in the grid so that every row, every column, and every 3x3 box contains the digits 1 to 9. Solution on Page 39 13 10 DOWN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 9. 12. 14. 16. 19. 20. Express (5) Impertinence (8) Endure (6) Masculine (4) Closest (7) Intolerable (10) Venture (10) Grumble (8) Twister (7) Lent (6) Ointment (5) Quarrel (4) L EA D E R T R I V I A Q U I Z 1. How many species of snake are native to Ireland? 2. Who was the first of the Beatles to have a solo UK number One single? 3. What colour is the starboard light on a ship? 4. Which English cathedral has the tallest spire? 5. What colour was Britain's first two-penny postage stamp? 6. Who carried the flag for Great Britain at the closing ceremony of the Sydney Olympics? 7. Which Scottish clan were the victims of the Massacre at Glencoe? 8. In 1967, who was the Minister of Transport responsible for the introduction of the breathalyser? 9. What is agoraphobia the fear of? 10. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? 11. Which British tax replaced Purchase Tax in 1963? 12. A Cornish Rex and a Devon Rex are breeds of which animal? 13. In which US State is the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes? 14. On which everyday items would you find either a coloured circle, diamond, square or triangle? 15. Who invented the Bunsen burner? 16. What appeared on British streets for the first time on 19th September 1960? 17. In 1991, Bryan Adams beat the previous record of eleven consecutive weeks at No. 1 in the singles charts. Whose record did he beat? (set in 1955. Title : Rose Marie) 18. If you were served with a bhindi bhaji in an Indian restaurant, which vegetable would you have? 19. A bronze statue of whom was unveiled at Aintree in 1988? 20. What is missing from the following list : An old boot, a top hat, a battleship, a dog and a racing car? 21. What would an Australian call trousers? 22. What are the metal discs in the rim of a tambourine called? 23. What type of animal is a Sooty Mangabey? 24. Who was the only woman in Edward Heath's first cabinet? 25. What can be "metric royal", "metric demy" or "metric crown"? Traffic Wardens, 17. Slim Whitman, 18. Okra, 19. Red Rum , Cat, 13. Alaska, 14. Banknotes, 15. (Robert) Bunsen, 16. Barbara Castle, 9. Open Spaces, 10. Edinburgh, 11. VAT, 12. Salisbury, 5. Blue, 6. Stephen Redgrave, 7. MacDonald, 8. Tuesday Euromillions jackpot 22 million euro 1. None, 2. George Harrison (My Sweet Lord), 3. Green, 4. ACROSS 1. Assorted dairy pails used in flying show (3,7) 7. A profit once more (5) 8. Drink for morale? (7) 10. Need hint finally (2,3,3) 11. The demeanour of one put among males (4) 13. Prepare to stop (4,2) 15. One could get a bangle from here (6) 17. Call 150 out as leaving pass in the mountains (4) 18. The others donâ€™t get as much, being fidgety (8) 21. Post in flying? (3-4) 22. Fish on ice? (5) 23. Unique opportunity is merely luck (4,6) QUICK ACROSS: 6 Miserly; 7 Incur; 9 Wit; 10 Desirable; 12 Prohibition; 15 Immediately; 17 Decadence; 19 Shy; 21 Perch; 22 Capable. DOWN: 1 Civil; 2 Bet; 3 Glue; 4 Unearthly; 5 Outlook; 8 Gibbet; 11 Grievance; 13 Hailed; 14 Impeded; 16 Child; 18 Clap; 20 Sad. CRYPTIC ACROSS: 6 Get away; 7 Onset; 9 Ban; 10 Dynamited; 12 Miss the post; 15 Demonstrate; 17 Well-being; 19 Tit; 21 Guest; 22 Conifer. DOWN: 1 Penal; 2 Saw; 3 Wary; 4 In dispute; 5 Reverse; 8 Washer; 11 Win or lose; 13 Sister; 14 Revenue; 16 Siren; 18 Noon; 20 Bit. Modest (10) Famous (5) Leaves (7) Embellished (8) Defeat (4) Revolve (6) Placard (6) Char (4) Music-writer (8) Exaltation (7) Map-book (5) Trust (10) 20. An Iron (Monopoly), 21. Strides, 22. Jingles, 23. A Monkey, LAST WEEKâ€™S ANSWERS ACROSS 1. 7. 8. 10. 11. 13. 15. 17. 18. 21. 22. 23. 24. Margaret Thatcher, 25. Sizes of Paper TORREVIEJA Call into the office to collect your prize	i don't know
Leofric the husband of Lady Godiva was the Earl of where	Leofric \| Coventry's Lady Godiva story Coventry's Lady Godiva story WARNING: contains nudity, voyeurism, horses, tax, royalty and religion - it's the journalist's dream story. Leofric Leofric Leofric, Lady Godiva’s husband, was Earl of Mercia and Lord of Coventry and was one of the most powerful men in the country at the time. He was ruthless at collecting taxes, funding major civic building works as well as raising funds for King Canute. Prior to his conversion to Christianity he often attacked the Church. His first known religious act came in 1043 when he founded a Benedictine house for an Abbott and 24 monks on the site of St Osburg’s Nunnery in Coventry, which had been destroyed by Danes in 1016. This later became the Cathedral of St Mary. Ranulf Higden’s Polychronicon – circa 1257 – backed up by an inquiry made in the reign of Edward I – 1272-1307 – confirmed that Leofric stopped collecting all taxes except for those on horses. Leofric’s power was part of the reason why Canute’s son and heirs failed to keep their father’s grip on northern Europe after Canute’s death. Leofric died in 1057 and was buried in one of the porches of the abbey church. The remains of this site, Coventry’s first cathedral, can now be seen in Priory Row.	Mercia
During the Stone Age what kind of stone was used to make tools and weapons	BBC - Coventry and Warwickshire Features - The History of Lady Godiva Coventry's own Godiva, Pru Porretta, in action The significance of the story to Coventry goes beyond titillation, although the main character being naked has certainly helped the story gain momentum over the past nine hundred years. However it is Lady Godiva's generosity that has given her a special place in the hearts of the city's people. Although the story of her horse-ride may be legend, the woman and her influence were definitely real. Lady Godiva lived in the 11th Century and her charity and power is well documented. Godiva was the first woman to be mentioned in the Domesday Book and was married to Leofric, the Earl of Mercia and Lord of Coventry. Together they founded the Benedictine Priory and later the Cathedral of St Mary. On that site recent archaeological excavations have un-earthed some fascinating objects. Information about the finds and the project is now on display at the Priory Visitors Centre. Statue of Lady Godiva in Cathedral lanes, Coventry The story tells how Lady Godiva was upset with Leofric for crippling the development of Coventry with taxes. She persistently pleaded with her husband, who eventually said he would reduce the taxes if she rode naked on a horse across the town. Of course he never imagined she would complete the challenge. Everyone showed their respect by staying indoors and with only her long hair to cover her, Lady Godiva rode through the deserted streets. Only one person looked - the character we now know as Peeping Tom - but as he gave in to the temptation he was struck blind. Amazed by her compassionate deed, Leofric fulfilled his promise and reduced the taxes immediately. Costumed participant in the Godiva procession To celebrate this original - and most dramatic - benefactor, the Godiva festival and procession happen annually in Coventry. This traditional foot procession started in 1678 and has been revived in recent years by CV One. Godiva Procession 2003 The Godiva Procession 2003 will take place on Saturday 7 June, departing from the cathedral ruins at 11am and processing around the city before ending in the Memorial Park. There were well over 1000 participants in Godiva Procession 2002 and Godiva Procession 2003 promises to be even bigger, more colourful and more musical. Follow the link on the left to see the spectacular historic costumes from the Godiva Procession 2002.	i don't know
Which environmental phrase was coined by Swedish scientist Svante Arrchenius	History of the greenhouse effect and global warming History of the greenhouse effect and global warming By S.M. Enzler MSc History of the greenhouse effect and global warming Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was a Swedish scientist that was the first to claim in 1896 that fossil fuel combustion may eventually result in enhanced global warming. He proposed a relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature. He found that the average surface temperature of the earth is about 15oC because of the infrared absorption capacity of water vapor and carbon dioxide. This is called the natural greenhouse effect. Arrhenius suggested a doubling of the CO2 concentration would lead to a 5oC temperature rise. He and Thomas Chamberlin calculated that human activities could warm the earth by adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This research was a by-product of research of whether carbon dioxide would explain the causes of the great Ice Ages. This was not actually verified until 1987. After the discoveries of Arrhenius and Chamberlin the topic was forgotten for a very long time. At that time it was thought than human influences were insignificant compared to natural forces, such as solar activity and ocean circulation. It was also believed that the oceans were such great carbon sinks that they would automatically cancel out our pollution. Water vapor was seen as a much more influential greenhouse gas. In the 1940's there were developments in infrared spectroscopy for measuring long-wave radiation. At that time it was proven that increasing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide resulted in more absorption of infrared radiation. It was also discovered that water vapor absorbed totally different types of radiation than carbon dioxide. Gilbert Plass summarized these results in 1955. He concluded that adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere would intercept infrared radiation that is otherwise lost to space, warming the earth. The argument that the oceans would absorb most carbon dioxide was still intact. However, in the 1950's evidence was found that carbon dioxide has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 10 years. Moreover, it was not yet known what would happen to a carbon dioxide molecule after it would eventually dissolve in the ocean. Perhaps the carbon dioxide holding capacity of oceans was limited, or carbon dioxide could be transferred back to the atmosphere after some time. Research showed that the ocean could never be the complete sink for all atmospheric CO2. It is thought that only nearly a third of anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by oceans. In the late 1950's and early 1960's Charles Keeling used the most modern technologies available to produce concentration curves for atmospheric CO2 in Antarctica and Mauna Loa. These curves have become one of the major icons of global warming. The curves showed a downward trend of global annual temperature from the 1940's to the 1970's. At the same time ocean sediment research showed that there had been no less than 32 cold-warm cycles in the last 2,5 million years, rather than only 4. Therefore, fear began to develop that a new ice age might be near. The media and many scientists ignored scientific data of the 1950's and 1960's in favor of global cooling. In the 1980's, finally, the global annual mean temperature curve started to rise. People began to question the theory of an upcoming new ice age. In the late 1980's the curve began to increase so steeply that the global warming theory began to win terrain fast. Environmental NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) started to advocate global environmental protection to prevent further global warming. The press also gained an interest in global warming. It soon became a hot news topic that was repeated on a global scale. Pictures of smoke stags were put next to pictures of melting ice caps and flood events. A complete media circus evolved that convinced many people we are on the edge of a significant climate change that has many negative impacts on our world today. Stephen Schneider had first predicted global warming in 1976. This made him one of the world's leading global warming experts. In 1988 it was finally acknowledged that climate was warmer than any period since 1880. The greenhouse effect theory was named and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was founded by the United Nations Environmental Programme and the World Meteorological Organization. This organization tries to predict the impact of the greenhouse effect according to existing climate models and literature information. The Panel consists of more than 2500 scientific and technical experts from more than 60 countries all over the world. The scientists are from widely divergent research fields including climatology, ecology, economics, medicine, and oceanography. The IPCC is referred to as the largest peer-reviewed scientific cooperation project in history. The IPCC released climate change reports in 1992 and 1996, and the latest revised version in 2001. In the 1990's scientists started to question the greenhouse effect theory, because of major uncertainties in the data sets and model outcomes. They protested the basis of the theory, which was data of global annual mean temperatures. They believed that the measurements were not carried out correctly and that data from oceans was missing. Cooling trends were not explained by the global warming data and satellites showed completely different temperature records from the initial ones. The idea began to grow that global warming models had overestimated the warming trend of the past 100 years. This caused the IPCC to review their initial data on global warming, but this did not make them reconsider whether the trend actually exists. We now know that 1998 was globally the warmest year on record, followed by 2002, 2003, 2001 and 1997. The 10 warmest years on record have all occurred since 1990. The climate records of the IPCC are still contested by many other scientists, causing new research and frequent responses to skeptics by the IPCC. This global warming discussion is still continuing today and data is constantly checked and renewed. Models are also updated and adjusted to new discoveries and new theory. So far not many measures have been taken to do something about climate change. This is largely caused by the major uncertainties still surrounding the theory. But climate change is also a global problem that is hard to solve by single countries. Therefore in 1998 the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan. It requires participating countries to reduce their anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) by at least 5% below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. The Kyoto Protocol was eventually signed in Bonn in 2001 by 186 countries. Several countries such as the United States and Australia have retreated. From 1998 onwards the terminology on the greenhouse effect started to change as a result of media influences. The greenhouse effect as a term was used fewer and fewer and people started to refer to the theory as either global warming or climate change. Source: Maslin, M., Global Warming, a very short introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004 Related pages	Greenhouse effect
What day of the year is celebrated as Yorkshire Day	The Discovery of Global Warming [Excerpt] - Scientific American Scientific American Sustainability The Discovery of Global Warming [Excerpt] The basic physics of climate change have been known for more than a century, but it is in recent decades that the fundamental science of global warming has solidified By Spencer Weart on August 17, 2012 Advertisement \| Report Ad This excerpt is from The Discovery of Global Warming , by Spencer R. Weart (Harvard University Press, 2008). It is an epic story: the struggle of thousands of men and women over the course of a century for very high stakes. For some, the work required actual physical courage, a risk to life and limb in icy wastes or on the high seas. The rest needed more subtle forms of courage. They gambled decades of arduous effort on the chance of a useful discovery, and staked their reputations on what they claimed to have found. Even as they stretched their minds to the limit on intellectual problems that often proved insoluble, their attention was diverted into grueling administrative struggles to win minimal support for the great work. A few took the battle into the public arena, often getting more blame than praise; most labored to the end of their lives in obscurity. In the end they did win their goal, which was simply knowledge. People had long suspected that human activity could change the local climate. For example, ancient Greeks and 19th-century Americans debated how cutting down forests might bring more rainfall to a region, or perhaps less. But there were larger shifts of climate that happened all by themselves. The discovery of ice ages in the distant past proved that climate could change radically over the entire globe, which seemed vastly beyond anything mere humans could provoke. Then what did cause global climate change — was it variations in the heat of the Sun? Volcanoes erupting clouds of smoke? The raising and lowering of mountain ranges, which diverted wind patterns and ocean currents? Or could it be changes in the composition of the air itself? In 1896 the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius published a new idea. As humanity burned fossil fuels such as coal, which added carbon dioxide gas to the Earth’s atmosphere, we would raise the planet’s average temperature. This “greenhouse effect” was only one of many speculations about climate change, however, and not the most plausible. Scientists found technical reasons to argue that our emissions could not change the climate. Indeed most thought it was obvious that puny humanity could never affect the vast climate cycles, which were governed by a benign “balance of nature.” In any case major change seemed impossible except over tens of thousands of years. In the 1930s, people realized that the United States and North Atlantic region had warmed significantly during the previous half‑century. Scientists supposed this was just a phase of some mild natural cycle, with unknown causes. Only one lone voice, the amateur G. S. Callendar, insisted that greenhouse warming was on the way. Whatever the cause of warming, everyone thought that if it happened to continue for the next few centuries, so much the better. In the 1950s, Callendar’s claims provoked a few scientists to look into the question with improved techniques and calculations. What made that possible was a sharp increase of government funding, especially from military agencies with Cold War concerns about the weather and the seas. The new studies showed that, contrary to earlier crude estimates, carbon dioxide could indeed build up in the atmosphere and should bring warming. Painstaking measurements by C. D. Keeling drove home the point in 1960, showing that the level of the gas was in fact rising, year by year. Over the next decade a few scientists devised simple mathematical models of the climate, and turned up feedbacks that could make the system surprisingly variable. Others figured out ingenious ways to retrieve past temperatures by studying ancient pollens and fossil shells. It appeared that grave climate change could happen, and in the past had happened, within as little as a few centuries. This finding was reinforced by computer models of the general circulation of the atmosphere, the fruit of a long effort to learn how to predict (and perhaps even deliberately change) the weather. Calculations made in the late 1960s suggested that average temperatures would rise a few degrees within the next century. But the next century seemed far off, and the models were preliminary. Groups of scientists that reviewed the calculations found them plausible but saw no need for any policy action, aside from putting more effort into research to find out for sure what was happening. In the early 1970s, the rise of environmentalism raised public doubts about the benefits of human activity for the planet. Curiosity about climate turned into anxious concern. Alongside the greenhouse effect, some scientists pointed out that human activity was putting dust and smog particles into the atmosphere, where they could block sunlight and cool the world. And indeed, analysis of Northern Hemisphere weather statistics showed that a cooling trend had begun in the 1940s. The mass media (to the limited extent they covered the issue) were confused, sometimes predicting a balmy globe with coastal areas flooded as the ice caps melted, sometimes warning of the prospect of a catastrophic new ice age. Study panels, first in the U.S. and then elsewhere, began to warn that one or another kind of future climate change might pose a severe threat. The only thing most scientists agreed on was that they scarcely understood the climate system, and much more research was needed. Research activity did accelerate, including huge data‑gathering schemes that mobilized international fleets of oceanographic ships and orbiting satellites. After a few years the warnings of a new ice age (which only a minority of scientists had thought at all plausible) were dropped, and attention concentrated on global warming. After all, the dust and smog that humans were putting into the air only lingered for weeks, whereas carbon dioxide would stay for centuries, climbing decade after decade. Earlier scientists had sought a single master‑key to climate, but now they were coming to understand that climate is an intricate system responding to a great many influences. Volcanic eruptions and solar variations were still plausible causes of change, and some argued these would swamp any effects of human activities. Even subtle changes in the Earth’s orbit could make a difference. To the surprise of many, studies of ancient climates showed that astronomical cycles had partly set the timing of the ice ages. Apparently the climate was so delicately balanced that almost any small perturbation might set off a great shift. According to the new “chaos” theories, in such a system a shift might even come all by itself — and suddenly. Support for the idea came from ice cores arduously drilled from the Greenland ice sheet. They showed large and disconcertingly abrupt temperature jumps in the past. Greatly improved computer models began to suggest how such jumps could happen, for example through a change in the circulation of ocean currents. Experts predicted droughts, storms, rising sea levels, and other disasters from global warming. A few politicians began to suspect there might be a public issue here. However, the modelers had to make many arbitrary assumptions about clouds and the like, and reputable scientists disputed the reliability of the results. Others pointed out how little was known about the way living ecosystems interact with climate and the atmosphere. They argued, for example, over the effects of agriculture and deforestation in adding or subtracting carbon dioxide from the air. One thing the scientists agreed on was the need for a more coherent research program. But the research remained disorganized, and funding grew only in irregular surges. The effort was dispersed among many different scientific fields, each with something different to say about climate change. One unexpected discovery was that the level of methane and certain other gases was rising, which would add seriously to global warming. Some of these gases also degraded the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer, and the news inflamed public worries about the fragility of the atmosphere. Moreover, by the late 1970s global temperatures had begun to rise again. Many climate scientists were now convinced that the rise was likely to continue as greenhouse gases accumulated. By around 2000, some predicted, an unprecedented global warming would become apparent. Their worries first caught wide public attention in the summer of 1988, the hottest on record till then. (Most since then have been hotter.) An international meeting of scientists warned that the world should take active steps to cut greenhouse gas emissions. The response was vehement. Corporations and individuals who opposed all government regulation began to spend many millions of dollars on lobbying, advertising, and “reports” that mimicked scientific publications, in an effort to convince people that there was no problem at all. Environmental groups, less wealthy but more enthusiastic, helped politicize the issue with urgent cries of alarm. But the many scientific uncertainties, and the sheer complexity of climate, made room for limitless debate over what actions, if any, governments should take. There were some things that virtually all experts agreed on as of 1988. A rather straightforward calculation showed that doubling the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere... which would arrive in the late 21st century if no steps were taken to curb emissions... should raise the temperature of the surface roughly one degree C. However, a warmer atmosphere would hold more water vapor, which ought to cause another degree or so of warming. Beyond that the calculations got problematic. Cloudiness was likely to change in ways that could either enhance or diminish the warming, and scientists did not understand the complex processes well. Moreover, humanity was emitting ever increasing amounts of smoke and other pollution; again scientists were not sure how this might affect climate. Only better observations and computer models could attempt to project the outcome. Scientists intensified their research, organizing programs on an international scale. Was the global temperature rise due to an increase in the Sun’s activity? Solar activity began to decline, but the temperature soared faster than ever. Did computer models reproduce the present climate only because they were tweaked until they matched it, making them worthless for calculating a future climate change? Improved models successfully predicted the temporary cooling due to a huge volcanic explosion in 1991 and passed many other tests. In particular, the modelers could now reproduce in detail the pattern of warming, changes in rainfall, etc. actually observed in different regions of the world over the past century. Nobody had been able to build a model that matched the historical record and that did not show significant warming when greenhouse gases were added. The physics of clouds and pollution remained too complex to work out exactly, and modeling teams that made different assumptions got somewhat different results. Most of them found a warming of around 3°C when the carbon dioxide level doubled, late in the 21st century. But some found a rise of 2°C or perhaps a bit less, a costly but manageable warming. Others calculated a 5°C rise or even more, an unparalleled catastrophe. Meanwhile striking news came from studies of ancient climates recorded in Antarctic ice cores. For hundreds of thousands of years, carbon dioxide and temperature had been linked: anything that caused one of the pair to rise or fall had caused a rise or fall in the other. It turned out that a doubling of carbon dioxide had always gone along with a 3°C temperature rise, give or take a degree or two — a striking confirmation of the computer models, from entirely independent evidence. The world’s governments had created a panel to give them the most reliable possible advice, as negotiated among thousands of climate experts and officials. By 2001 this Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) managed to establish a consensus, phrased so cautiously that scarcely any expert or government representative dissented. They announced that although the climate system was so complex that scientists would never reach complete certainty, it was much more likely than not that our civilization faced severe global warming. At that point the discovery of global warming was essentially completed. Scientists knew the most important things about how the climate could change during the 21st century. How the climate would actually change now depended chiefly on what policies humanity would choose for its greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2001, greatly improved computer models and an abundance of data of many kinds strengthened the conclusion that human emissions are very likely to cause serious climate change. The IPCC’s conclusions were reviewed and endorsed by the national science academies of every major nation from the United States to China, along with leading scientific societies and indeed virtually every organization that could speak for a scientific consensus. Specialists meanwhile improved their understanding of some less probable but more severe possibilities. On the one hand, a dangerous change in ocean circulation seemed unlikely in the next century or two. On the other hand, there were signs that disintegrating ice sheets could raise sea levels faster than most scientists had expected. Worse, new evidence suggested that the warming was itself starting to cause changes that would generate still more warming. In 2007 the IPCC reported that scientists were more confident than ever that humans were changing the climate. Although only a small fraction of the predicted warming had happened so far, effects were already becoming visible in some regions — more deadly heat waves, stronger floods and droughts, heat‑related changes in the ranges and behavior of sensitive species. But the scientists had not been able to narrow the range of possibilities. Depending on what steps people took to restrict emissions, by the end of the century we could expect the planet’s average temperature to rise anywhere between about 1.4 and 6°C (2.5–11°F). Advertisement \|	i don't know
Which are the only animals said to actively hunt humans	Reasons to Fear the Polar Bear \| Heave Media Culture Reasons to Fear the Polar Bear Heave writer Adam Cowden has a lot of stuff that he’s written for Cracked that didn’t get in, but nevertheless should be seen by the masses. We’ll be picking up some of it. Today, he’d like to teach you about polar bears. The WWF would have you believe that polar bears are cute, oversized stuffed animals that desperately need your help. In reality, the only thing the polar needs or wants from you is your complete and utter destruction, and, for that matter, the complete and utter destruction of everything in its path. If you plan on “adopting” a polar bear, here are a few reasons to make sure that someone else will be raising it. 1) Polar bears are the only animals that actively hunt humans. Polar bears are thought to be the only animal to actively hunt humans. According to Ed Zebedee , the director of the Government of Nunavut’s protection services, “Polar bears are the only animal that will definitely stalk a human and eat them. Nobody goes out on the land here without a gun.” You know when you’re watching an Animal Planet special on lions, and the Australian guy who’s standing too close to the pack loudly says, “They’re actually more afraid of us than we are of them!”? Not so with the polar bear. They have a reputation for having “ no fear of humans ,” probably due to their natural habitat usually being far removed from human civilization. You know when you’re watching Shark Week, and they show you the glorious 3D-rendered simulation of the attack, and the guy says, “To a shark, from below, the surfer on his surfboard looked just like a really big fish!” Polar bears don’t make that mistake, but they’ll eat you anyway. They have a nearly omnivorous diet, and will stalk and prey on humans, especially if they are hungry. Oh, and they’ll have an easy time doing it. Other than one subspecies of grizzly bear, they are the largest land predator, and a single swipe of a claw can be enough to kill you. Just how often does this angel of arctic death strike? Well, fairly rarely . During a 20-year period in Canada, six deaths and 14 injuries were reported. 15 of these incidents were “considered to be acts of predation by the bear, and one by a polar bear defending her cubs.” The rarity human/polar bear contacts means that the chance of being killed by one is small, but if you do encounter one…well, don’t worry too much, because it will probably have snuck up from behind and killed you already. 2) Forget about Jaws, polar bears are the most terrifying animals in the open water. The polar bear’s body is naturally adapted to swim in cold, arctic water, and their scientific name, ursus martitmus, actually means “maritime bear.” When it comes to swimming form, polar bears do it “doggy style, ” using extra-large forepaws to propel them forward. Their hind paws, meanwhile, are held flat and used as steering rudders. If you think that sounds like it would look funny and awkward, like it does when you throw your puppy in the pool, keep in mind that polar bears can pretty easily attain a swimming speed of 6.2 mph , which means they could easily outrun and devour your dog. Or you, for that matter; the fastest ever recorded human swimming speed (for a paltry distance of 50m) is about 5.3 mph. Before increasing global temperatures caused polar ice to melt, polar bears rarely had to swim what for them would be considered a “long” distance for, but now that it has begun to melt, they appear to have, how you say, “manned up.” According to a recent study , it is not infrequent for polar bears to now swim distances of 96 miles at one time, even up to a max of 220 miles at one time. Sometimes, polar bear cubs accompany their mothers on these swims, and if the cubs can’t keep up in the open water, they die. When it comes to “survival of the fittest,” polar bears don’t fuck around. If you can’t swim the 96-mile length of the gene pool, get out. It remains to be seen just how far these creatures will swim to adapt to their changing environment. What’s certain, however, is that B-list horror filmakers will go to all possible lengths to exploit this trend; watch out for Polar Bears 3D, coming soon. 3) Polar bear liver is toxic. Suppose that you do come up against one of these Arctic carnage machines, and manage to come out on top. Obviously, the next thing you’re going to want to do is make like Kirby and devour your opponent in order to subsume its power, right? Wrong. Even in death, the polar bear is still a killer. Polar bears are adapted to a diet that includes an enormous amount of blubber, which is rich in Vitamin A. For this reason, the polar bear liver is adapted to process and store large amounts of vitamin A, which is fatal to humans in large doses. The Inuit have long known about the dangers of consuming polar bear liver, although the details surrounding the fate of their unlucky first taste-tester are unknown. If it was anything like the death of Arctic explorer Xavier Mertz , however, we can safely assume that it was absolutely fucking terrifying. Mertz, along with companions Belgrave Ninnis and Douglas Mawson, were part of the Far Eastern Party Arctic expedition. (This is not to be confused with the mediocre American hip-hop group Far East Movement.) Things first began to take a turn for the worse when Ninnis fell down a hidden crevasse (you can bet that the polar bear would have spotted it, though) and took all of the supplies with him. Mawson and Mertz were soon forced to eat some of the sled dogs, which happened to be huskies. Mertz couldn’t handle the hard, stringy flesh, so took a more generous helping of the liver than did Mawson. Unfortunately for him, the husky, like the polar bear, has also evolved to process a high amount of blubber in its natural Arctic habitat, and consequently has a liver jam-packed with vitamin A. The account of both men’s subsequent illness and Mertz’s death sounds like something out of a bad acid trip: “Their hair fell out in large tufts, nails grew loose, toes blackened, skin peeled off. One day Mertz said to Mawson, ‘Just a moment, and, reaching over, lifted from his ear a perfect skin cast. I was able to do the same for him.’ Mertz grew lethargic, weak, depressed, chilled, and one day delirious. He died, presumably of hypervitaminosis A…” Just to give some perspective, the liver of an Antarctic Husky , which contains about 10,000 IU of Vitamin A per gram, is about three times less toxic than the liver of a polar bear. The average polar bear liver contains between 24,000 and 35,000 IU of Vitamin A per gram. 10,000 IU of Vitamin A is the safe upper limit for human consumption, and signs of toxicity occur when between 25,000 to 30,000 IU are consumed. So one paltry gram of chopped polar liver is well over the “legal limit,” and is safely toxic. It is estimated that it would take about 30 to 90 g of polar bear liver to kill a person. 30 grams is about one ounce, which is about the weight of a pencil. It is unsurprising, therefore, that Arctic Hunters make sure to either throw the polar bear liver into the sea or bury it; if anyone were to come along and mistake it for something more benign, like rat poison or arsenic, it would spell instant death. For obvious reasons, the polar bear will be awarded a medal for most epic “From the Grave” kill of the animal kingdom. 4) Polar bears are cannibals. Polar bear males sometimes kill and eat young of their own species . “How is this surprising?” you smugly ask. “I’m smart. I read books. I know that cannibalism is fairly widespread in the animal kingdom.” Yes – you’re right. Lions (as well as chimpanzees, our closest relative) have been known to kill and eat the young of their own species. In both lions and chimpanzees , however, this behavior is thought to have at least partly a social function, as it appears to be used to assert dominance. There are even instances of human cannibalism, and not just back in the stone age. Infamous African warlord cannibals like General Butt-Naked believe that eating human flesh imbues them with special power; thus, human cannibalism might also thought to be linked to dominance type behaviors (or simply a mental disorder). In polar bears, however, which are mostly solitary creatures , the purpose appears to be mostly related to hunger . Just as melting polar ice appears to necessitate polar bears making extremely long marathon swims, the shrinking size of the natural polar bear habitat and the resulting food scarcity is now forcing some to resort to cannibalism, providing further evidence for the fact that when it comes to the battle for survival, polar bears are willing to go to any length. 5) Polar bears grow really fast. Polar bears are born blind and weighing 20 ounces , and are about the size of the Guinea pig. This is the part where every reader, even the guy who just got back from maxing out at 350 on the bench-press, secretly says in the privacy of their mind: “Ooooohhhhhhhh that’s adooooorable!” You probably think it would be cute to carry one around in your little pink purse like Reese Witherspoon’s dog in Legally Blonde, right? Well, by this point in the list, you probably know better. Just in case you haven’t banished the warm and fuzzy thoughts yet, here are some fun facts. In eight months’ time, a polar bear will weigh about 100 pounds. This is definitely too big to fit in your purse. A full grown male polar bear can weigh more than 1, 400 pounds, and this is more than the world’s strongest man can deadlift . A female polar bear first breeds at the age of 5 or 6 . Can you remember what you were doing when you were 5, beside wetting the bed and sitting around weighing under 50 pounds? If you were anything like the typical human baby, you were probably somewhere between 5 and 10 pounds at birth, only tripled in weight by the first birthday , and certainly weren’t producing any other puny, 5-10 pound polar bear snacks by your sixth birthday. What does this all mean? It means that adopting a baby polar bear would be less like adopting a puppy and more like adopting one of Ridley Scott’s Aliens. No, it won’t burst from your chest at the dinner table, but that’s about where the dissimilarities end. by ALL THE HATERS GO HUG A POLAR BEAR….. Nikki Woods Well, if this guy got it wrong, so did the Wild life biologists at sea world in Orlando fl. I went on the polar bear tour. The thing i remember from the experience is them telling us that polar bears are the only animal that are known to actively hunt humans for food. I’m guessing if the owners of sea World had doubs about the validity of that statement, they would not have put it on the wall in paint. They don’t pay their experts to be wrong. Related	Polar bear
What is the motto of the Sea Cadets	10 Animals Hunted (or Nearly Hunted) To Extinction « Hunter Safety Blog \| HunterCourse.com 10 Animals Hunted (or Nearly Hunted) To Extinction September 28, 2011 by Alex Czartoryski Extinction brings up some pretty interesting evolutionary considerations. Estimates say that by mid 21st century 30% of species may be extinct . In the end, extinction will be the ultimate fate of all species- but how long it will take to get there will depend heavily on humanity’s future courses of action. Today’s hunting regulations are very strict and the material in our hunter safety course help ensure that hunting activities are controlled and operated in an ethical way. From what kind of animals can be hunted, which season and how many, hunting regulation efforts are there to help preserve wildlife and habitats. Here we’ll look at some notable animals that have been hunted (or nearly) hunted to extinction. 1. Woolly Mammoths The last of the Great Woolly Mammoth populations vanished near the end of the last Ice Age over 4,000 years ago. These incredible creatures carried tusks that could measure up to 15 feet long. And imagine- they are considered one of the smallest among their specie. The mammoth lived on birch and was hunted for meat and fur. The hunting of the last surviving woolly mammoths greatly contributed to their decline and extinction. With the decline in mammoths, birch forests, known for being high sunlight absorbers, multiplied and helped melt away the Ice Age, taking the woolly mammoth with it. 2. Caspian Tigers Tigers were first put on the endangered specie list in the 1960’s, but trophy hunting and fur trade has continued despite the heightened risk of extinction. The Caspian tiger specie had been pretty well wiped out at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Russian government was setting up rice and cotton fields in forests these tigers inhabited. The army was ordered to exterminate all tigers found near the Caspian sea. The Caspian tiger, a sub-specie of the Siberian tiger, went extinct sometime between 1954-1959 and while there have been a few reported sightings, one in the 1970s and another in 1997, these claims have never been confirmed. 3. Thylacines (Tasmanian Tigers) This is Benjamin, the last Tasmanian Tiger that died in Hobart zoo in 1938 In 1936, the largest carnivorous marsupial of the time, the thylacine - became extinct. With the head of a dog, the stripes of a cat and the pouch of a kangaroo this unique creature, better known as the Tasmanian tiger, just couldn’t seem to make its place alongside humans (or dingoes apparently). Many farmers believed thylacines were responsible for attacking their livestock. Killing them was considered acceptable if not encouraged. One particular wool and textile supply company called Van Diemen’s Land Company was in great part responsible for the eradication of the Tasmanian tiger. They believed they were such a problem that they put bounties on thylacines starting in 1830. Between 1888-1909, the Tasmanian government was even paying to have thylacines exterminated. By 1936 the last known thylacine named "Benjamin," died at the Hobart zoo. 4. Dodos This a very close replica of what the dodo looked like in the wild, created by Bill Munns The dodo has been the proverbial bird that was always destined for doom. And when humans first arrived on the island of Mauritius, home of the dodo, “Dodo never had a chance”. Dodos went extinct in the mid-to-late 17th century and their disappearance is directly attributable to human activity. These flightless birds evolved in a land that was isolated from predators so when humans first barged in, bringing with them a rumpus of new lifeforms like dogs, cats and bloodthirsty pigs, dodos were unaware of the grave danger that threatened their lives. This oblivious fearlessness of other species coupled with their inability to fly made them very vulnerable and easy targets. Just a century after their species’ discovery in 1581, this rare bird “went the way of the dodo” as they say. 5. Passenger Pigeons This is Martha Washington, the last passenger pigeon, photographed shortly before her death in 1914 The Passenger Pigeon’s story is a grim one. It was one of the most abundant birds in the world - but by the early 20th century, their specie had been hunted to extinction. Due to their abundance, (they would migrate in flocks of billions through the sky!) their meat was used to feed slaves and the poor and they were slaughtered, quite barbarically on a prodigious scale. 6. Polar Bears Polar Bears have become endangered in large part because of global warming and climate change in the Arctic. Two thirds of the population of polar bears may vanish due to such a polar shift in weather conditions. Excessive hunting for their precious hides, meat, fat and flesh have also helped significantly reduce their numbers. Estimates by scientists researching polar bears and arctic habitat suggest there might be 20,000- 25,000 polar bears remaining. 6. Muskox The muskox nearly became instinct because of over-hunting throughout the late 1900s until the 1930s. Fortunately, population recovery has taken place thanks to hunting regulations. Muskox are hunted for their hides, for food and for trophies- but they are run away from for their pungent musky smell. Like a friendly adrenaline snot warning, this smell gets emitted from a gland in their noses when getting ready to charge and attack. The smell also attracts females during mating season. Just a spritz of Eau de Muskox seems to drive the Muskoxettes wild! 7.Mediterranean Monk Seals Fewer than 600 Mediterranean monk seals exist and they are one of world’s most critically endangered marine mammals. Their decline can be attributed to industrial development and the establishment of resort areas along the Mediterranean Sea- but fisherman have also played their part in causing such low numbers. Illegal shooting occurs very frequently because seals are blamed for eating all the fish. 8. American Crocodiles Image Source: National Geographic Humans have long hunted crocodiles for their valuable skins used to make shoes, belts, bags and more. From the 1950s to the late 1960s excessive hunting rendered the American croc endangered. Recently, things took a turn for the better. In 2003 the nonprofit World Conservation Union reclassified the sharp-toothed reptile from 'endangered' to ‘threatened’. This means there has been enough population recovery to sustain the croc population, however this does not make them fully immune to threats. 9. Flying Foxes Image Source: Ryan Photographic www.ryanphotographic.com/pteropodidae.htm The flying fox (a bat of the genus Pteropus) is the largest species of bat in the world, with a wingspan of up to 6 feet! Like many species native to the Pacific, it is threatened with extinction because it is over-hunted for its meat (which is considered a delicacy), medicinal purposes (pteropus meat is believed to help cure asthma) and just for sport. 10. Great White Sharks Shark fin (the main ingredient in shark fin soup) is another prized delicacy which has unfortunately led to a serious decline in the number of great whites. Great white sharks are the largest predatory fish on Earth but these giant sea creatures are victims of "finning" by fisherman, essentially, stripping the fins from the shark then tossing them back in the water to die or be eaten alive. The practice has been declared illegal in several countries including Brazil, South Africa and the USA but it remains widespread and largely unmonitored.	i don't know
What is the most often earned Boy Scout merit badge	Henning's Scouters' Pages Introduction to Steve Henning's Merit Badge List I went through every edition of the BSA handbook and compiled the following list. I have cross-checked with many lists, but errors may still be present. This list was compiled on February 24, 1996, and updated July 15, 2013. It will change if new information is discovered. The years are the best estimate of when the merit badges were used, but may be off by a year in some cases. Some were minor name changes such as leather work/leatherwork/leatherworking and mammals/mammal study and did not result in new requirements, a new merit badge book or a new badge design. The latest changes were the addition of the Sustainability, Game Design, Welding, Search and Rescue, and Kayaking Merit Badges. The temporary resurrection of 4 historic merit badges: Carpentry, Pathfinding, Signaling, and Tracking in 2010 is over and these badges are no longer supported (Tracking was actually the resurrection of Stalking with a name change). Badge code numbers are shown in parentheses. This numbering scheme was adopted in 1987 and the Eagle required merit badges had numbers 1 through 14. Numbers 120 and up were added after the list was created in 1987. For an overview of the BSA Merit Badge Program, read the BSA Introduction to Merit Badges . Return to top. 136 Merit Badges In Current Use And Their Predecessors Advanced Computing(???) TBA American Business (15) 1967-present (Business 1911-66) 587 in 2015 American Cultures (17) 1979-present 2,233 in 2015 American Heritage (16) 1975-present 5,599 in 2015 American Labor (121) 1987-present 1,106 in 2015 Animal Science (18) 1975-present (Animal Industry 1928-75) 4,414 in 2015 Animation (158) 2015-present 1,099 in 2015 Archeology (132) 1997-present 7,590 in 2015 Archery ~~ (19) 1911-present 41,879 in 2015 Architecture (20) 1911-present 3,362 in 2015 Art (21) 1911-present 24,374 in 2015 Astronomy (22) 1911-present 16,706 in 2015 Athletics ~~ (23) 1911-present 3,604 in 2015 Automotive Maintenance (127) 2008-present (Auto Mechanics 1992-2008) 9,961 in 2015 Aviation (25) 1911-42 &'52-pres. (Aerodynamics, etc. 1942-52) 15,170 in 2015 Backpacking (26) 1982-present 3,973 in 2015 Basketry (27) 1927-present (Craftsmanship 1911-26) 17,158 in 2015 Biometrics (???) TBA (Fingerprinting ) 5,587 in 2015 Bird Study (29) 1914-present (Ornithology 1911-13) 492 in 2015 Bugling (32) 1911-present 54,324 in 2015 Camping * (1) 1911-present 29,461 in 2015 Canoeing (33) 1927-present 10,560 in 2015 Chemistry (34) 1911-present 27,235 in 2015 Chess (147) 2011-present 1,260 in 2015 Citizenship in the Community (2)1952-pres.(Citizenship/Civics 1947-51) 52,071 in 2015 Citizenship in the Nation (3) 1951-pres.(Citizenship/Civics 1947-51) 57,161 in 2015 Citizenship in the World * (4) 1972-present (World Brotherhood 1952-72) 60,171 in 2015 Climbing (133) 1997-present 21,574 in 2015 Coin Collecting (35) 1938-present 4,715 in 2015 Collections (128) 1991-present 4,004 in 2015 Communication * (5) 1965-present 55,738 in 2015 Composite Materials (137) 2008-present 2,183 in 2015 Computer-Aided Design (???) TBA 2015 (Drafting ) 1,686 in 2015 Cooking * (38) 1911-present 67,691 in 2015 Crime Prevention (131) 1996-present 6,581 in 2015 Cycling * ~~ (39) 1911-present (Cyclist ~~~ 1910-11) 6,626 in 2015 Dentistry (40) 1975-present 3,485 in 2015 Digital Technology(36) 2014-present (Computers (36) 1967-2014) 9,383 in 2015 Disabilities Awareness (60) 1993-pres. (Handicap Awareness (60) 1985-93) 6,153 in 2015 Dog Care (41) 1938-present 2,666 in 2015 Drafting (42) 1965-present (Mechanical Drawing 1933-64) 1,339 in 2015 Electricity (43) 1911-present (Electrician ~~~ 1910-11) 10,035 in 2015 Electronics (44) 1963-present 8,352 in 2015 Emergency Preparedness (6) 1972-present 47,879 in 2015 Energy (45) 1976-present 3,190 in 2015 Engineering (46) 1967-present 11,735 in 2015 Entrepreneurship (134) 1997-present (Business 1911-66) 2,927 in 2015 Environmental Science***(7)1972-pres.(Conserv. of Natural Resources'66-72)63,783 in 2015 Exploration (???) TBA Family Life (129) 1991-present (Citizenship in the Home 1952-72) 51,008 in 2015 Farm Mechanics (48) 1928-present 2,244 in 2015 Fingerprinting (49) 1938-present 43,743 in 2015 Fire Safety (50) 1995-present (Firemanship (50) 1911-95) 12,782 in 2015 First Aid * (8) 1911-present (Ambulance 1910) 80,716 in 2015 Fish & Wildlife Mgmt.(51) 1972-present (Wildlife Mgmt. 1952-72) 13,164 in 2015 Fishing ~~ (52) 1952-present (Angling 1911-51) 26,050 in 2015 Fly Fishing (136) 2002-present (Fishing merit badge still exists) 3,981 in 2015 Forestry ~~ (54) 1911-present 12,905 in 2015 Game Design (151) 2013-present (Computers (36) 1967-2014) 12,313 in 2015 Gardening (55) 1911-present (Gardener ~~~ 1910-11) 1,582 in 2015 Genealogy (56) 1972-present 5,316 in 2015 Geocaching (145) 2011-present 15,582 in 2015 Geology (58) 1953-present (Rocks & Minerals 1937-53) 22,180 in 2015 Golf (59) 1976-present 3,826 in 2015 Graphic Arts (122) 1987-pre. (Printing/Communications (88) 1982-88) 3,356 in 2015 Hiking * ~~ (61) 1921-present 6,967 in 2015 Home Repairs (62) 1943-present (Handicraft 1911-42) 3,288 in 2015 Horsemanship ~~ (63) 1911-present (Horseman ~~~ 1910-11) 10,878 in 2015 Indian Lore (64) 1931-present 22,241 in 2015 Insect Study (65) 1987-present (Insect Life 1923-86) 3,550 in 2015 Inventing (144) 2010-present (Invention 1911-14) 3,369 in 2015 Journalism (66) 1927-present 1,037 in 2015 Kayaking (149) 2012-present 34,054 in 2015 Landscape Architecture (67) 1967-present (Landscaping 1959-66) 1,434 in 2015 Law (68) 1974-present 5,633 in 2015 Leatherwork (69) 1951-present (Leather Work 1928-51) 40,805 in 2015 Lifesaving ~ (9) 1911-present 23,983 in 2015 Mammal Study (71) 1987-present (Mammals 1972-86) 23,427 in 2015 Medicine (130) 1991-present 3,807 in 2015 Metalwork (74) 1927-present (Craftsmanship 1911-26) 12,340 in 2015 Mining in Society (155) 2014-present 4,613 in 2015 Model Design & Building (75) 1963-present 2,795 in 2015 Motorboating ~~ (76) 1961-present 9,880 in 2015 Moviemaking (156) 2013-present (Cinematography (126) 1990-2013) 10,064 in 2015 Multi-Media (???) TBA Music (77) 1911-present (Musician ~~~ 1910-11) 12,369 in 2015 Nature ~ (78) 1952-present 14,679 in 2015 Nuclear Science (24) 2005-present (Atomic Energy 1963-04) 6,728 in 2015 Oceanography (79) 1964-present 9,892 in 2015 Orienteering (80) 1973-present (Pathfinding 1911-52) 15,642 in 2015 Painting (81) 1911-present 4,245 in 2015 Personal Fitness * ~~ ~(10) 1952-present (Physical Development 1914-52) 52,499 in 2015 & Personal Health 1911-52) Personal Management * (11) 1972-present (Personal Finances 1962-71) 51,105 in 2015 Pets (82) 1958-present 4,645 in 2015 Photography (83) 1911-present 16,931 in 2015 Pioneering (84) 1911-present (Pioneer ~~~ 1910-11) 17,341 in 2015 Plant Science (85) 1974-present 2,922 in 2015 Plumbing (86) 1911-present 4,960 in 2015 Pottery (87) 1927-present (Craftsmanship 1911-26) 8,384 in 2015 Programming (153) 2013-present (Computers (36) 1967-2014) 3,577 in 2015 Public Health ~ (89) 1911-present 1,780 in 2015 Public Speaking (90) 1932-present 7,793 in 2015 Pulp & Paper (91) 1972-present 7,379 in 2015 Radio (93) 1923-present (Wireless 1919-23) 6,709 in 2015 Railroading (94) 1952-present 7,651 in 2015 Reading (95) 1929-present 4,179 in 2015 Reptile & Amphibian Study (96) 1993-present (Reptile Study (96) 1927-93) 6,700 in 2015 Rifle Shooting (123) 1987-pres.(Rifle & Shotgun Shooting (97)1967-87) 43,196 in 2015 Robotics (146) 2011-present 13,700 in 2015 Rowing (98) 1933-present 9,995 in 2015 Safety ~ (12) 1927-present (Safety First 1916-26) 3,937 in 2015 Salesmanship (99) 1927-present 6,412 in 2015 Scholarship (100) 1911-present 4,911 in 2015 Scouting Heritage (143) 2010-present 5,558 in 2015 Scuba Diving (138) 2009-present 2,135 in 2015 Sculpture (101) 1911-present 10,042 in 2015 Search and Rescue (150) 2012-present 11,725 in 2015 Shotgun Shooting (124) 1987-pres.(Rifle & Shotgun Shooting (97)1967-87) 21,895 in 2015 Signs, Signals, & Codes (157) 2015-present 3,453 in 2015 Skating (103) 1973-present 1,972 in 2015 Small Boat Sailing (105) 1964-present (Seamanship 1911-64) 15,092 in 2015 Snow Sports (135) 1999-present (Skiing (104) 1938-99) 7,251 in 2015 Soil & Water Conservation ~ (106)1952-present (Soil Management 1928-52) 10,437 in 2015 Space Exploration (107) 1965-present 21,607 in 2015 Sports ~~ (13) 1972-present 8,272 in 2015 Stamp Collecting (108) 1931-present 996 in 2015 Surveying (109) 1911-present 879 in 2015 Sustainability (152) 2013-present 6,625 in 2015 Swimming ** ~ (14) 1911-present 71,821 in 2015 Textile (110) 1973-present (Textiles 1927-72) 3,225 in 2015 Theater (111) 1967-present (Dramatics 1932-66) 2,665 in 2015 Traffic Safety (112) 1975-present (Automotive Safety 1962-74) 5,604 in 2015 Truck Transportation (113) 1973-present 2,157 in 2015 Veterinary Medicine (114) 1995-pres. (Veterinary Science (114) 1973-95) 2,764 in 2015 Water Sports (115) 2007-present (Waterskiing (115) 1969-2007) 3,389 in 2015 Weather (116) 1927-present 14,622 in 2015 Welding (148) 2012-present 11,019 in 2015 Whitewater (125) 1987-present 2,888 in 2015 Wilderness Survival (117) 1973-present 37,581 in 2015 Wood Carving (118) 1927-present (Craftsmanship 1911-26) 26,890 in 2015 Woodwork (119) 1927-present (Craftsmanship 1911-26) 5,242 in 2015 Key: * indicates required for Eagle Scout rank indicates one of 2 is Eagle required (must complete Emergency Preparedness or Lifesaving) * indicates one of 3 is Eagle required (must complete Cycling, Hiking, or Swimming) **** indicates of of 2 is Eagle required (must complete Environmental Science or Sustainability) ~ indicates formerly Eagle required ~~ indicates formerly an Eagle multiple choice. ~~~ indicates from the 1910 BSA Handbook (called the book of organization) by Chief Scout, Ernest Thompson Seton, had 14 Badges of Merit. The first Handbook recognized presently by the BSA was in 1911. Most and Least Popular Merit Badges in 2015 Most Popular Merit Badges in 2015 1 Return to top. Different Types of Merit Badges Manufactured Note: the following descriptions show different manufacturing practices. The dates reflect the dates they were manufactured a particular way. The dates that a particular council issued them varied considerably. Usually, old stock was used up before the newer badges were issued. Hence, the range of dates issued varied considerably from council to council. 1911 Gardening "Type A": These were embroidered on rolls of 2" dark tan cloth ribbon and then cut into squares. Before being sewn onto the uniform or Scout Sash, the frayed edges were folded and sewn under. Some were folded and sewn on the outer edges leaving a wide margin outside the embroidered green ring. Others were folded and sews near the wide green ring making the patch look round. These are called "square" since that is the way they were purchased. They were manufactured from 1911 to approximately 1933. 1934 Public Health "Type B": These were basically the same as Type A, except the edges were folded and sewn under by the manufacturer. When they were purchased they were already looking round. The margin between the edge and embroidered green ring was typically 1/4" leaving a patch that was 1.75" in diameter. These are called "wide border crimped" since the factory sewn edge was called crimped and the margin was wider than on later types. They were manufactured from approximately 1934 to 1935. 1936 Civics "Type C": These were made the same as the Type B except the margin between the edge and the embroidered green ring was typically 1/8" leaving a patch that was 1.5" in diameter. They were manufactured from approximately 1936 to 1942. After 1942, only the blue fabric, Air Scout merit badges were made this way. The khaki Boy Scout merit badges changed to Type D. The type C merit badges are called "tan narrow border crimped". 1942 Camping "Type D": These were made from a lighter weight cloth with a much finer weave and a lighter tan color. The change in material was necessitated by the demand for the heavier cloth during World War II. Other than the fabric, the Type D is the same as Type C. The Type D merit badges are called "fine twill". They were manufactured from 1942 to 1946. During this period, the blue merit badges were still Type C. 1947 Dog Care "Type E": After World War II, these merit badges were made from a heavier material like before the war, but the color was a khaki, not tan. The Type E merit badges are called "khaki narrow border crimped". They were manufactured from approximately 1947 to 1960. 1961 Swimming "Type F": These were made with the embroidered green ring actually being used to hem the edge of the badge. So rather than being crimped, this process was called rolled. This construction resulted in a thinner patch, so a backing of a white gauze was used to stiffen the badge. The Type F, are called "rolled edge khaki twill" and have the same green khaki material as the Type E. They were manufactured from approximately 1961 to 1968. 1961 Forage Crops "Type G": At the same time, some were made with full embroidered backs. These had a more substantial cloth backing and are called "cloth back". They were manufactured from approximately 1961 to 1971. In approximately 1969 all merit badges were Type G fully embroidered. Also, in 1969, Eagle required merit badges had a silver border rather than the green border. These and all subsequent badges were all fully embroidered. 1972 Collections "Type H": These were made with a plastic stiffener as well as with the cloth backing of the Type G. Hence these are called "plastic back". They were manufactured from approximately 1972 to the present. 1992 White Water "Type I": Starting in 1992, some merit badges were manufactured on a computer-controlled embroidery machine. This necessitated that the edges were not rolled, but were flat. These are called "computer designed". They characteristically had a wider border than Type H. Some of the ones made this way include Animal Science, Disability Awareness, Energy, and Gardening. This design proved to generate a number of complaints, so these were discontinued in1995. Not all merit badges were ever made this way. After 1995 all merit badges were "Type H" again. 2002 Fish & Wildlife Mgt. "Type J": Starting in 2002, the BSA put the Supply Division logo on the back of all patches including merit badges to reduce counterfeiting. They look identical to Type H except for this new back. Since the Supply Division logo is "Scout Stuff", these are called "Scout Stuff". 2010 Tracking "Historic Merit Badges Program": In 2010, for the BSA Centennial, four historic merit badges were revived just for the one year. They are unique in that they are made on tan twill with a tan rolled edge. There were 4 of them: Carpentry which had been discontinued in 1952; Pathfinding which had been discontinued in 1952; Signaling which had been discontinued in 1992; and Tracking which was originally called Stalking and had been discontinued in 1952. The original requirements were used as much as possible. The name of the Stalking merit badge was changed to Tracking because of what the term stalking means in today’s language and society. 2010 Historic Merit Badges Program Carpentry Pathfinding Signaling Tracking 2010 was the Centennial of the Boy Scouts of America since the BSA was founded in 1910. As part of the Centennial celebration the 2010 Historic Merit Badge Program was announced on the Scouting Magazine blog http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/ on January 12, 2010. Then on February 2, 2010, the BSA issued a note saying that “the Historic Merit Badge program for the Centennial has been delayed. Although a notice was placed in the Scouting Magazine "Cracker Barrel" blog, it was premature. The requirements published in the brochure are DRAFTS, and have not been finalized or approved yet." Then on April 1, 2010, the BSA announced the official start of the 2010 Historic Merit Badge Program when boys could begin earning Carpentry, Pathfinding, Signaling, and Tracking: four merit badges brought back for the Centennial year except Tracking. There never was a merit badge called Tracking. What the BSA did was to take the Stalking Merit Badge and rename it Tracking for the purposes of the 2010 Historic Merit Badge Program. The final requirements were the same as the requirements for the original historic merit badges except for Tracking which eliminates the "stalking a human being" requirement. The draft brochure had changed all of the requirements for Pathfinding. These changes were dropped from the final version. The program honored Scouting's rich 100-year history by introducing Scouts to the merit badges earned by yesterday's youth. To bring the badges into a 21st-century context, the BSA has created supplemental information guides that will accompany scans of the original merit badge pamphlets. The badges could be earned beginning, April 1, 2010, and requirements had to be completed by Dec. 31, 2010. Historic merit badges do count toward a Scout's rank advancement. Each merit badge emblem features a gold border, which will help identify it as special to the centennial year. Pamphlets for these badges were not be reprinted. Instead, Scouts and Scouters could go online to find digital scans of the original pamphlets. You needed a qualified merit badge counselor for each badge. 1975-6 Colonial Philadelphia Merit Badge In 1975 and 1976, the BSA authorized the Philadelphia Council to issue the Colonial Philadelphia Merit Badge. One question: is a merit badge that can't be counted toward Eagle actually a merit badge? The Colonial Philadelphia Merit Badge could only be counted toward Eagle Palms. It was not a BSA badge but a Philadelphia Council badge. Only the Philadelphia Council could issue it. Only members of Philadelphia Council and possibly Valley Forge Council could earn it. When the BSA authorized the Philadelphia Council to issue the Colonial Philadelphia badge, they did not change the wording of the rank requirements that require merit badges, but the Philadelphia Council was required to use wording in the description of the Colonial Philadelphia badge to say it could not be used toward rank advancement. I have heard stories of people who did use it toward rank advancement, but that was not authorized by the BSA. However, the BSA says that once a rank is granted, it should not be taken back. So, yes, the Colonial Philadelphia badge did count toward Eagle and other ranks, but that was not the intention when the BSA authorized the badge. To me it is more like the Varsity Letter and Gold Bar Pins which may also be worn on the front of the Merit Badge Sash but don't count toward Eagle. It could be worn on the merit badge sash but it didn't count like other merit badges. Since it was restricted in so many ways, I will not include it in my other discussions other than as a curiosity.	First aid
Which British city is served by the Metrolink Tram Service	This Alexandria Boy Scout can’t get any more merit badges. He already has them all. - The Washington Post This Alexandria Boy Scout can’t get any more merit badges. He already has them all. The inside track on Washington politics. Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we’ll e-mail you free updates as they’re published. You’ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. You’re all set! By John Kelly By John Kelly Columnist November 25, 2014 Follow @JohnKelly The Boy Scout’s motto is “Be prepared.” Josh McCoy is prepared for just about anything. On Nov. 10, the Alexandria 14-year-old earned his 135th Boy Scout merit badge. That represents every single merit badge that is available, from American Business to Woodwork. Josh’s patch-covered sash — actually two sashes stitched together — is so long he could use it as a tourniquet, which is presumably something he learned about while getting his First Aid merit badge. What Josh does not have is a sewing merit badge. That’s because there isn’t one. He asked his mother, Darlene, to sew the round fabric patches to his sash. “I would say sewing would be a good merit badge [to add],” Josh told me. “Whenever you go look on blogs on what merit badges the Scouts should introduce, sewing is always in one of the comments.” Speaking of blogs, there is not a Blogging merit badge — yet — but there are ones for Nuclear Science and Space Exploration. Scouts needn’t split the atom or achieve orbit to earn them, however. Josh has been a Boy Scout for 3½ years. He is a member of Troop 1145, which meets in Prince of Peace Lutheran Church in Springfield under the direction of Scoutmaster Dwayn Hanford. Josh decided to earn every merit badge after learning that his father, Timothy, had earned 83 when he was a boy. “I’m a competitive person,” Josh said. “My dad had gotten 83. I wanted to get more than him.” Josh tied his father with the Athletics merit badge. He beat him with Law. And then he kept on going till he had them all: Archery, Architecture, Dentistry, Disabilities Awareness, Dog Care, Fingerprinting, Leatherwork, Public Speaking, Soil and Water Conservation, Wilderness Survival . . . Josh earned many of the merit badges during merit badge jamborees, where speakers and materials are brought in to help Scouts tackle the requirements in a three-hour burst. That’s how Josh earned his first badge, Salesmanship. A silverware salesman explained his job. “You just talk and do some projects and stuff,” Josh said. In the afternoon, Josh earned his Bird Study badge. “When I was starting I was getting about five [merit badges] a month,” Josh said. “Then it started to slow down. When there’s less to earn, you can’t earn as much.” Josh’s favorite merit badge was Geocaching, which is using a GPS device to find specific locations and the tiny treasures stashed there. The most useful was Pioneering, “which is tying knots and stuff.” (Every year Josh’s troop goes on a campout where they build a rope bridge.) Is there, I asked, a merit badge for helping a little old lady cross the street? “No,” said Josh. The final merit badge that Josh earned was also the hardest: Bugling. To get it, a Scout must master 15 songs, from reveille to taps. “I practiced an hour a day for two years,” Josh said. Whatever fondness he might have had for the bugle evaporated over time. He hasn’t touched the instrument since nabbing the badge. Josh is also an Eagle Scout. He said attaining that accolade was far easier than getting 135 merit badges. His younger brother, Zach, is a Boy Scout, too. Scouting has evolved over the years (though to many of us, too slowly and not enough). To peruse the list of discontinued merit badges on Wikipedia is to watch America changing. The Cement Work merit badge was retired in 1952, Masonry in 1995. Corn Farming, Cotton Farming, Forage Crops, Fruit and Nut Growing, and Small Grains were separate badges until they merged into the single Plant Science in 1975. Bee Keeping was a merit badge from 1911 to 1995, when it was phased out. You used to able to get merit badges in Rabbit Raising and Taxidermy, a pair that seem to go together nicely. Not any more. Stamp Collecting and Journalism are still merit badges. Which, I wonder, will disappear first? Helping Hand Don’t forget that I’m in the midst of Helping Hand , the new Washington Post program to help raise money for three Washington-area charities. Community of Hope serves homeless families in the District. Sasha Bruce Youthwork works with homeless teenagers. Homestretch is a nonprofit assisting single mothers in Fairfax County. You can read about their vital work — and make a donation — at www.posthelpinghand.com . Twitter: @johnkelly For previous columns, visit washingtonpost.com/johnkelly. local	i don't know
What was the real first name of the author Tennessee Williams	Tennessee Williams - Biography - IMDb Tennessee Williams Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (3) \| Trivia (25) \| Personal Quotes (12) \| Salary (1) Overview (3) Thomas Lanier Williams Mini Bio (3) Tennessee Williams met long-term partner Frank Merlo in the summer of 1948 (Merlo died of lung cancer in the fall of 1963). Though separated briefly in 1961 and again in 1962, the two were partners for 15 years. Merlo acted as his personal manager/secretary. Williams spent much of his most prolific years in Rome, Italy, and his enduring friendship with Italian stage and screen legend Anna Magnani lasted 24 years and inspired both "The Rose Tattoo" and "Orpheus Descending". Magnani realized the lead parts of these two plays, which were written for her, in their film versions. The turbulent and inspirational friendship shared between Williams and Magnani is the subject of the internationally acclaimed play "Roman Nights" by Franco D'Alessandro. Aside from his published "Memoirs", the only authorized biographical book on Williams is by Bruce Smith, entitled "Costly Performances - Tennessee Williams; The Last Stage." This book deals with the last four years of Williams' life (1979-1983). - IMDb Mini Biography By: Franco D'Alessandro Tennesse Williams won two Pulitzer Prizes, for "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1947) and "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" (1955). His other major plays include "Summer and Smoke" (1948), "The Rose Tattoo" (1951), "Camino Real" (1953), "Sweet Bird of Youth" (1959), and "The Night of the Iguana" (1961). In addition to his two Pulitzers, Williams was nominated four times for the Tony Award for Best Play, wining once, for "The Rose Tattoo." (His last Best Play Tony Award nomination came 16 years after his death, for "Not About Nightingales.") He was born Thomas Lanier Williams, III in Columbus, Mississippi on March 26, 1911, to Cornelius Williams, a traveling salesman who denigrated his sensitive son, who was homosexual, as "Miss Nancy," and the former Edwina Dakin, who like many of her son's heroines thought of herself as a Southern belle. He first began to write while afflicted with paralysis as a child, which affected him between the ages of five and seven, turning him into an invalid for two years. At the age of 13, his mother -- who encouraged his writing -- gave him a typewriter. The young Tom Williams wrote his first play "Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay! When he was a teenager, in 1935. He became a published writer at the age of 16, winning third prize (and $5) for his essay "Can a Good Wife Be a Good Sport?" in a contest run by the magazine "Smart Set." The magazine "Weird Tales" published his short story "The Vengeance of Nitocris" in 1928. When young Tom Williams was 17, the family moved to St. Louis, where it existed in reduced circumstances during the Great Depression. It was a "setting" that would influence his first masterpiece, "The Glass Menagerie." He went to the University of Missouri-Columbia for his higher education, where his fraternity brothers gave Ham the nickname "Tennessee" due to his deep southern accent. Later, he transferred to Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri but did not take his degree until he was 28 years old, from the University of Iowa, where he matriculated in the school's writing program. Before attending Iowa, Williams led an itinerant life, including some time as a hobo wandering California and Mexico. He moved to New Orleans in 1939, he renamed himself "Tennessee," ostensibly in homage to the state of his father's birth. In New Orleans, Williams lived in the French Quarter, where he labored for the Works Progress Administration's writers program. His first play, "A Battle of Angels," failed in Boston during tryouts in 1940. (He later reworked it as "Orpheus Descending" which debuted on Broadway in 1957.) Though the play failed, it made Williams known, and he worked as a contract writer, briefly, for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where he sketched out the play that would become "Menagerie," his first great success. The tragic poet Hart Crane was one of his early influences, but as a playwright, it was Henrik Ibsen who had the greatest impact on him. Williams learned the Scandinavian literary dialect used by Ibsen to better understand his plays. Tennessee was close to his sister Rose, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia after accusing her father of making sexual advances towards her. Rose was institutionalized, eventually spending most of her life in mental institutions. Cornelius and Edwina Williams permitted Rose to received a prefrontal lobotomy, which was performed in 1937 and which incapacitated her. Tennessee Williams was haunted by his sister's tragedy for the rest of his life, and never forgave his parents for authorizing the operation. Tennessee Williams suffered from depression, and feared going mad. He was briefly institutionalized in 1969 after a severe nervous breakdown, and never forgave his younger brother Dakin for allowing him to be put into a madhouse, which was a nightmare, according to his 1975 memoir. Part of Williams' problem, aside from his alcoholism, was that in the 1960s, he had become addicted to prescription drugs. The failure of "The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Any More" signaled the end of Williams greatness as a dramatist and his dominance of Broadway theater. The original January 1963 Broadway production of "Milk Train," starring Hermione Baddeley, closed after 16 performances. Almost exactly a year later, a production directed by Tony Richardson , red hot after directing the movie Tom Jones (1963), and featuring Tallulah Bankhead and Tab Hunter , closed after five performances. Williams never recovered. His next original Broadway production, "Slapstick Tragedy" (an omnibus of two short plays) closed after seven performances in 1966. "The Seven Descents of Myrtle," another original, lasted but 29 performances in 1968. "Outcry" lasted but 12 performances in 1973, while the dual bill of "A Memory of Two Mondays" and "27 Wagons Full of Cotton" (the movie Baby Doll (1956) is based on the latter play) lasted 63 performances in 1976, but "The Eccentricities of a Nightingale" closed after 24 performances, and "Vieux Carré" didn't last a week, closing after six performances in 1977. The last Broadway original produced during Williams' lifetime, "Clothes for a Summer Hotel," lasted just 14 performances in 1980. Two Broadway originals have been produced posthumously, "Garden District" that consisted of "Something Unspoken" and "Suddenly, Last Summer" which ran for 31 performances in 1995, and the early play "Not About Nightingales," which ran for 125 performances in 1999 and was nominated for a Best Play Tony. Tennessee Williams died on February 25, 1983, after choking on the cap of a bottle of eye drops that became lodged in his throat. (Williams was plagued by eye problems much of his adult life.) He was 71 years old. That his plays continue to be revived successfully on Broadway and on stages all over the world more than a half-century after their debuts is testament to his greatness as a dramatist. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jon C. Hopwood Tom L. Williams, also known as Tennessee Williams, moved to St. Louis, MO at the age of 7, with his family, including his mother and sister, Rose. He lived there for the next 20 years in a number of middle-class and upper middle class apartment complexes and one rented home. He went to the Field School as a child, and attended Soldan and University City High Schools. He attended Washington University, and his first professional play was produced while he was a student there. He failed Greek his senior year and did not graduate. As a young man, after attended the University of Missouri for 3 years, he worked at the International Shoe Company in Downtown St. Louis with his father. Tom, the character in Street Car Named Desired, also worked at a shoe factory in St. Louis. Indeed, all of Tennessee's most noted works were formed, shaped and sometimes written, during his life as a child, teenager and young man in St. Louis, MO from 1918 - 1940 or so... Tennessee Williams is a native of St. Louis, MO who owes his life's work to his life there.	Thomas
Which hereditary form of anaemia largely affects people of sub-Saharan African descent	buzz \| By Paul Hiebert \| March 25, 2011 The Glass Menagerie, A Streecar Named Desire, The Rose Tattoo, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof — all plays that wouldn’t have existed if Tennessee Williams hadn’t existed first. The American playwright did more to transform 20th-century theater than anyone else, and to celebrate the 71 years of his life we bring you 71 facts about the man whose birthday falls on March 26. After the jump, learn about a schizophrenic sister, a distant father, and a lonely son who felt compelled to write. 1. While in his twenties, Williams did not handle rejection letters well. In his journal, he wrote, “Such a helpless, frustrated feeling — and all so silly! Like being scared of my own shadow and that’s what it is. I must somehow overcome this idea of defeat — overcome it permanently — completely — or it will drive me mad…” 2. Williams wrote a multitude of letters that he never sent. 3. In college, Williams was known for skipping classes and missing exams simply because he forgot about them. 4. Williams was born “Thomas Lanier Williams III,” but changed his name to “Tennessee” at the age of 28. Different sources report various reasons for the new moniker. Some claim he received the name from a college roommate, others argue that he picked it to pay tribute to his ancestors who lived in the state of Tennessee, and some think he simply wanted to break with his past and conceal his age. 5. When Williams’ older sister Rose was diagnosed with schizophrenia, he felt a mixture of shame and guilt. Trips to visit her at Saint Vincent’s sanitarium, where she was found “screaming incoherently like a wild animal,” left Williams feeling ill. 6. Williams spoke his words out loud while writing them. 7. Williams had his first sexual experience at the age of 27. 8. Williams once wrote a line he deemed too good to be used in a play. The line: “The past keeps getting bigger and bigger at the future’s expense.” He later inserted it into the play At Liberty. 9. On at least two occasions before becoming a noted playwright, Williams pawned his typewriter to buy food. 10. Williams once said, “My greatest affliction…is perhaps the major theme of my writings, the affliction of loneliness that follows me like a shadow, a very ponderous shadow too heavy to drag after me all of my days and nights.”	i don't know
Which American state is nicknamed the Buckeye state	Why is Ohio Called the Buckeye State? WHY IS OHIO CALLED THE BUCKEYE STATE? BY WILLIAM M. FARRAR Page 201 WILLIAM M. FARRAR was born September 3, 1824, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, of Welsh-English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. After completing the usual course of education he read law and was admitted to practice at Washington in 1848, and soon after removed to Ohio, settling at Cambridge, in Guernsey county, where he has since resided, and was elected the first clerk of the courts under the constitution of 1850, and re-elected in 1854. Upon the breaking out of the war in 1861 he, in connection with Major Samuel C. Brown (who was killed at Chickamauga), recruited what afterwards became Company H of the Sixty-fifth Regiment, O .V. I., and also a part of the well known Sherman Brigade, a military organization that rendered distinguished services during the war, of which General C. O. Harker, who fell in the assault on Kennesaw, was the first commander. Captain Farrar also served as aide-de-camp to General Garfield, and was present with that officer at the conference held at General Rosecransï¿½ headquarters at the widow Glenn house on the night of September 19, 1863, when the plan of battle for next day was determined, and was employed until long past midnight in preparing written orders for the several corps and division commanders, and on the next day (Sunday forenoon) was an eyewitness of the fatal mishap that broke the Union line and swept the right wing of the army from the field. He has since resided at Cambridge, where he has filled various public offices, and from 1884 to 1887 represented Guernsey county in the General Assembly. ________________________ The name Buckeye as applied to the State of Ohio is an accepted sobriquet, so well recognized and so generally understood throughout the United States, that its use requires no explanation, although the origin of the term and its significance are not without question, and therefore become proper subjects of consideration during this centennial year. The usual and most commonly accepted solution is that it originates from the buckeye tree which is indigenous to the State of Ohio and is not found elsewhere. This, however, is not altogether correct, as it is also found both in Kentucky and Indiana, and in some few localities in Western Virginia, and perhaps elsewhere. But while such is the fact, its natural locality appears to be in the State of Ohio, and its native soil in the rich valleys of the Muskingum, Hocking, Scioto, Miamis and Ohio, where in the early settlement of the State it was found growing in great abundance, and because of the luxuriance of its foliage, the richly colored dyes of its fruit, and its ready adaptation to the wants and convenience of the pioneers it was highly prized by them for many useful purposes. It was also well known to and much prized by the Indians from whose rude language comes its name ï¿½HETUCK,ï¿½ meaning the eye of the buck, because of the striking resemblance in color and shape between the brown nut and the eye of that animal, the peculiar spot upon the one corresponding to the iris in the other. In its application, however, we have reversed the term and call the person or thing to which it is applied a buckeye. In a very interesting after dinner speech made by Dr. Daniel Drake, the eminent botanist and historian of the Ohio valley, at a banquet given at the city of Cincinnati on the occasion of the forty-fourth anniversary of the State, the buckeye was very ably discussed, its botanical classification given, its peculiar characteristics and distinctive properties referred to, and the opinion expressed that the Page 202 name was at first appeared as a nickname or term of derision, but has since been raised into a title of honor. This conclusion does not seem to be altogether warranted, for the name is not only of Indian origin as stated, but the first application of it ever made to a white man was made by the Indians themselves, and intended by them as an expression of their highest sense of admiration. S. P. HILDRETH, the pioneer historian of Marietta, to whom we are indebted for so many interesting events relating to the settlement at the mouth of the Muskingum, tells us that upon the opening of the first court in the Northwest Territory, to wit on the 2d day of September, 1788, a procession was formed at the point where most of the settlers resided, and marched up a path that had been cut and cleared through the forest to Campus Martis Hall, in the following order: 1st. The high sheriff with drawn sword. 2d. The citizens. 3d. Officers of the garrison at Fort Harmar. 4th. Members of the bar. 5th. Supreme judges. 6th. The governor and clergymen. 7th. The newly appointed judges of the Court of Common Pleas, General Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tupper. There the whole countermarched, and the judges, PUTNAM and TUPPER, took their seats; the clergyman, Rev. Dr. CUTLER, invoked the divine blessing, and the sheriff, Col. Ebenezer SPROAT, reclaimed with his solemn O yes! that a court is opened for the administration of even-handed justice, to the poor as well as to the rich, to the guilty and the innocent, without respect of persons, none to be punished without a trial by their peers, and then in pursuance of law; and that although this scene was exhibited thus early in the settlement of the State few ever it in the dignity and exalted character of the actors; and that among the spectators who witnessed the ceremony and were deeply impressed by its solemnity and seeming significance was a large body of Indians collected from some of the most powerful tribes of the northwest, for the purpose of making a treaty with the whites. Always fond of ceremony among themselves they witnessed the parade of which they little suspected the import with the greatest interest, and were especially impressed with the high sheriff who led the procession with drawn sword; we are told that he was over six feet in height, well proportioned and of commanding presence, and that his fine physical proportions and dignified bearing excited their highest admiration, which they expressed by the word ï¿½HETUCK,ï¿½ or in their language ï¿½big buckeye.ï¿½ It was not spoken in derision, but was the expression of their greatest admirer suspected the import with the greatest interest, and were especially impressed with the high sheriff who led the procession with drawn sword; we are told that he was over six feet in height, well proportioned and of commanding presence, and that his fine physical proportions and dignified bearing excited their highest admiration, which they expressed by the word ï¿½HETUCK,ï¿½ or in their language ï¿½big buckeye.ï¿½ It was not spoken in derision, but was the expression of their greatest admiration, and was afterwards often jocularly applied to Colonel SPROAT, and became a sort of nickname by which he was familiarly known among his associates. That was certainly its first known application to an individual in the sense now used; but there is no evidence that the name continued to be so used and applied from that time forward, or that it became a fixed and accepted sobriquet of the State and people until more than half a century afterwards during all of which time the buckeye continued to be an object of more or less interest, and as immigration made its way across the State, and the settlements extended into the rich valleys where it was found by travellers and explorers, and was by them carried back to the east and shown as a rare curiosity from what was then known as the far west,ï¿½ possessing certain medicinal properties for which it was highly prized. But the name never became fully crystallized until 1840, when in the crucible of what is known as the bitterest, longest and most contest ever waged in the United States,ï¿½ the name Buckeye became a fixed sobriquet of the State of Ohio and its people, known and understood wherever either is of, and likely to continue as long as either shall be remembered or the English language endures. The manner in which this was brought about is one of time singular events of that political epoch. General William Henry HARRISON having become the candidate of his party for President, an opposition newspaper said ï¿½that he was better fitted to sit in a log- Page 203 cabin and drink hard cider, than rule in the White House.ï¿½ The remark was at once taken up by his friends and became a party slogan of that ever memorable canvass. Harrison became the log-cabin candidate, and was pictured as sitting by the door of a rude log-cabin through which could be seen a barrel of hard cider, while the walls were hung with coon-skins and decorated with strings of buckeyes. Political excitement spread with wonderful rapidity there was music in the air and on the 22d of February, 1840, a State convention was held at the city of Columbus to nominate a candidate for governor. That was before the day of railroads, yet from most of the counties of the State large delegations in wagons and on horseback made their way to the capital to participate in the convention. Among the many curious devices resorted to give expression to the ideas embodied in the canvass in the procession a veritable log-cabin, from Union county, built of buckeye logs, upon a wagon and drawn in the procession by horses, while from the roof and inside of the cabin was sung this song: But the buckeye was not only thus woven into song and sung ant shouted from every log-cabin, but it became a popular emblem of the party and an article of commerce more especially along the Old National Road over which the public travel of the country was carried at that day in stage coaches, and men are yet living who, in 1840, resided at Zanesville and can remember seeing crowds of men and boys going to the woods in the morning and returning later in the day carrying great bundles of buckeye sticks to be converted into canes and sold to travellers, or sent to adjoining States to be used for campaign purposes. At a mass meeting held in Western Pennsylvania in 1840 delegations were organized by townships, and at a preliminary meetings held to appoint officers to marshal the procession and make other necessary arrangements, it was resolved that each officer so appointed should provide himself with a buckeye cane as a Page 204 badge of authority, and thereupon committees were sent to Ohio to procure a supply of canes for the occasion, with what success can be judged from the fact that while a procession extending over two miles in length and numbering more than 1,500 people, halted on one of the Chartiers creek hills until the one in front moved out of its way, an inventory taken showed the number of buckeye canes carried in the delegation to he 1,432, and in addition over 100 strings of buckeye beads were worn by a crew of young ladies dressed in white, who rode in an immense canoe, and carried banners representing the several States of the Union. These may seem to be rather trivial affairs to be referred to on such an occasion the present, but they serve to show the extent of the sentiment that prevailed at the time, and the molding process going on, so that when the long and heated canvass finally closed with a sweeping victory the crystallization was complete, and the name ï¿½Buckeyeï¿½ was irrevocably fixed upon the State and people of Ohio, and continues to the present day one of the most popular and familiar sobriquets in use. So early as 1841, the president of an Eastern college established for the education of young women, showing a friend over the establishment said: ï¿½There is a young lady from New York, that one is from Virginia, and this,ï¿½ pointing to another, ï¿½is one of our new Buckeye girls.ï¿½ A few years later, the Hon. S. S. Cox, a native Buckeye, and then a resident of Ohio, made a tour of Europe, and wrote home a series of bright and interesting letters over the nom de plume of ï¿½A Buckeye Abroad,ï¿½ which were extensively read, and helped still further to fix the name and give it character. The Buckeye State has now a population of more than 3,000,000 live Buckeyes, Buckeye coal and mining companies, Buckeye manufactories of every kind and description, Buckeye reapers and mowers, Buckeye stock, farms, houses, hotels, furnaces, rolling-mills, gas and oil-wells, fairs, conventions, etc., and on to-morrow we propose to celebrate a Buckeye centennial. ____________ To the foregoing valuable article of Mr. Farrar we here append entire the speech of Dr. Drake to which he alludes: ï¿½But why are the natives of our valley called Buckeyes, and to whom are they indebted for the epithet? Mr. President, the memory that can travel a few years into the last century, and it only, can supply the answer. As the buckeye has a soft wood and is peculiar to the valley of the Ohio, later emigrants to both banks of the river thought it a fit emblem for the native children, whom they found untaught and awkward, amusing themselves in the shade of its luxuriant foliage, or admiring the beautiful dyes of its ripening nuts, and Buckeye was, therefore, at first, a nicknameï¿½a term of derision. Those very children have, however, raised it into a title of honor! They can have no higher eulogy. The tree which you have toasted, Mr. President, has the distinction of being one of a family of plants, but a few species of which exist on the earth. They constitute the genus ï¿½sulus of the botanist, which belongs to the class Heptandria. Now the latter, a Greek phrase, signifies seven men; and there happens to be exactly seven species of the genusï¿½thus they constitute the seven wise men of the woods; in proof of which, I may mention that there is not another family on the whole earth that possesses these talismanic attributes of wisdom. But this is not all. Of the seven species our emblem-tree was discovered lastï¿½it is the youngest of the family, the seventh son! and who does not know the manifold virtues of a seventh son! Neither Europe nor Africa has a single native species of ï¿½sculus and Asia but one. This is Hippocastimum, or horse-chestnut. Nearly 300 years since, a minister from one of the courts of Western Europe to that of Russia found this tree growing in Moscow, whither it had been brought from Siberia. He was struck with its beauty, and naturalized it in his own country. It spread with astonishing rapidity over that part of the continent, and crossing the channel, became one of the favorite shade-trees of our English ancestors. Such is the power of the buckeye wand; and its influence has not been limited to the West. We may fearlessly assert that it has been felt over the whole of our common country. Till the time when the buckeye tree was discovered, slow, Page 205 indeed, had been the progress of society in the new world. With the exception of the Revolution, but little had been achieved and but little was in prospect. Since that era society has been progressive, higher destinies have been unfolded, and a reactive Buckeye influence, perceptible to all acute observers, must assist in elevating our beloved country among the nations of the earth. From the very beginning of emigration it has been a friend to the ï¿½new-comers.ï¿½ Delighting in the richest soils, they soon learned to take counsel from it in the selection of their lands; and it never yet proved faithless to any one who confided in it. When the first ï¿½log-cabinï¿½ was to be hastily put up, the softness and lightness of its wood made it precious: for in those times laborers were few and axes once broken in hard timber could not be repaired. It was, moreover, of all the trees of the forest, that which best arrested the rifle-bullets of the Indian. When the infant Buckeyes came forth, to render these solitary cabins vocal, and make them instinct with life, cradles were necessary, and they could not be so easily dug out of any other tree. Thousands of men and women, who are now active and respectable performers on the great theatre of Western society, were once rocked in Buckeye troughs. Every native of the valley of the Ohio should feel proud of the appellation, which, from the infancy of our settlements, has been conferred upon him; for the Buckeye has many qualities which may be regarded as typical of a noble character. It is not merely a native of the West, but peculiar to it; has received from the botanists the specific name of Ohioensis, from its abundance in our beautiful valley; and is the only tree of our whole forest that does not grow else- where. What other tree could be so fit an emblem of our native population? In those early days, when a boundless and lofty wilderness overshadowed every habitation, to destroy the trees and make way for the growth of corn was the great objectï¿½hic labor, hic opus erat. Now, the lands where the buckeye abounded were, from the special softness of its wood, the easiest of all others to clear, and in this way it afforded valuable though negative assistance to the ï¿½first settlers.ï¿½ Foreign sugar was then unknown in these regions, and our reliancï¿½ for this article, as for many others, was on the abounding woods. In reference to this sweet and indispensable acquisition, the buckeye lent us positive aid; for it was not only the best wood of the forest for trough, but everywhere grew side by side with the graceful and delicious sugar maple. In a period of trying deprivation, to what quarter did these ï¿½first settlersï¿½ turn their inquiring and anxious eyes? The buckeyeï¿½yes gentlemen, to the buckeye tree, and it proved a friend indeed, because, in the simple and expressive language of those early times it was a ï¿½friend in need.ï¿½ Hats were manufactured of its fibresï¿½the tray for the delicious ï¿½poneï¿½ and ï¿½Johnny-cake,ï¿½ the venison trencher, the noggin, the spoon, and the huge white family bowl for mush and milk, were carved from its willing trunk and the finest ï¿½boughtenï¿½ vessels could not have imparted a more delicious flavor or left an impression so enduring. He who has ever been concerned in the petty brawls, the frolic and fun of a family of young Buckeyes around the great wooden bowl, overflowing with the ï¿½milk of human kindness,ï¿½ will carry the sweet remembrance to the grave. In all our woods there is not a tree so hard to kill as the buckeye. The deepest ï¿½girdlingï¿½ does not ï¿½deaden it,ï¿½ and even after it is cut down and worked up into the side of a cabin it will send out young branches, denoting to all the world that Buckeyes are not easily conquered, and could with difficulty be destroyed. The buckeye has generally been condemned as unfit for fuel, but its very incombustibility has been found an advantage, for no tree of the forest is equally valuable for ï¿½backlogs,ï¿½ which are the sine qua non of every good cabin fire. Thus treated, it may he finally, though slowly, burnt; when another of its virtues immediately appears, as no other tree of our woods affords so great a quantity of alkali; thus there is piquancy in its very ashes! The bark of our emblem-plant has some striking properties. Under a proper method of preparation and use, it is said to be very efficacious in the cure of ague and fever, but unskillfully employed, it provides a violent emetic; which Page 206 may indicate that he who tampers with a Buckeye will not do it with impunity. The fruit of the buckeye offers much to interest us. The capsule or covering of the nut is beset with sharp prickles, which, incautiously grasped, will soon compel the aggressor to let go his hold. The nut is undeniably the most beautiful of all which our teeming woods bring forth and in many parts of the country is made subservient to the military education of our sons who, assembling in the muster-field (where their fathers and elder brothers are learning to be militiamen), divide themselves into armies, and pelt each other with buckeye balls; a military exercise at least as instructive as that which their seniors perform with buckeye sticks. The inner covering of the nut is highly astringent. Its substance, when grated down, is soapy, and has been used to cleanse fine fabrics in the absence of good soap. When the powder is washed a large quantity of starch is obtained, which might, if times of scarcity could arise in a land so fertile as the native soil of this tree, be used for food. The water employed for this purpose holds in solution an active medicinal agent, which, unwarily swallowed, proves a poison; this again admonishing those who would attempt to use up a Buckeye, that they may repent of their rashness. Who has not looked with admiration on the foliage of the buckeye in early spring, while the more sluggish tenants of the forest remain torpid in their winter quarters? And what tree in all our wild woods bears a flower which can be compared with that of our favorite? We may fearlessly challenge for it the closest comparison. Its early putting forth, and the beauty of its leaves and blossoms, are appropriate types of our native population, whose rapid and beautiful development will not be denied by those whom I now address, nor disproved by a reference to their character; while the remarkable fact that almost every attempt to transplant it into our streets has been a failure, shows that it will die in captivity, a guaranty that those who bear its name can never be enslaved. Finally, the buckeye derives its name from the resemblance of its nut to the eye of the buck, the finest organ of noblest wild animal; while the name itself is compounded of a Welsh and a Saxon word, belonging therefore to the oldest portions of our vernacular tongue and connecting us with the primitive stocks, of which our fathers were but scions planted in the new world.ï¿½ OHIO BUCKEYE, OR AMERICAN HORSE CHESTNUT [from ï¿½The North American Sylvaï¿½ by F. Andrew Michaux. Paris: printed by C. Dï¿½Hautel, 1819.] PAVIA OHIOENSIS. P. Foliis quinatis, inï¿½qualiter dentatis; floribus subflavis; fruc- tibus muricatis ï¿½This species of horse chestnut, which is mentioned by no author that has hitherto treated of the trees and plants of North America, is unknown in the Atlantic parts of the United States. I have found it only beyond the mountains, and particularly on the banks of the Ohio for an interval of about 100 miles between Pittsburg and Marietta, where it is extremely common. It is called buckeye by the inhabitants, gut as this name has been given to the parvï¿½a luteat, I have denominated it ï¿½Ohio buckeye because it is most abundant on the banks of this river, and have prefixed the synonym of ï¿½American horse chestnut,ï¿½ because it proved to be a proper horse chestnut by its fruit, which is prickly like that of the Asiatic species instead of that of the parviï¿½. The ordinary stature of the American horse chestnut is ten or twelve feet, but it sometimes equals thirty or thirty-five feet in height and twelve or fifteen inches in diameter. The leaves are palmated and consist of five leaflets parting from a common centre, unequal in size, oval-acuminate and irregularly toothed. The entire length of the leaf is nine or ten inches amid its breadth six or eight inches. The bloom of this tree is brilliant. Its flowers appear early in the spring and are collected in numerous white bunches. The fruit is of the same color with that of the common horse chestnut and of the large buckeye, and of about half the size. It is contained in fleshy, prickly capsules, and is ripe in the beginning of autumn. On the trunk of the largest trees the bark is blackish and the cellular integument is impregnated with a venomous and disagreeable odor. The wood is white, soft and wholly useless. Page 207 The value of the Ohio buckeye, or American horse chestnut, consists chiefly in the beauty of its flowers, which, with its rapid vegetation and hardy endurance of cold, will bring it into request both in Europe and America as an ornamental tree.ï¿½ MICHAUX says he found the large buckeye, or paila luau, in its greatest profusion and expansion in the mountains of the Carolinas and Georgia. He first met with it on the Allegheny mountains in Virginia, near latitude 390 [degrees] It there towers to the height of sixty or seventy feet, with a diameter of three or four feet, and is considered as a certain proof of the richness of the land. ï¿½The wood,ï¿½ he says, ï¿½from its softness and want of durability, can subserve no useful purpose. Even in beauty this species is inferior to the common horse chestnut, and can never supplant that magnificent tree.ï¿½ The engraving in this article is copied from that in the superb work of Michaux.	Ohio
Marble is a form of which type of stone	buckeye \| tree \| Britannica.com Buckeye angiosperm Buckeye, any of about six species of North American trees and shrubs in the genus Aesculus of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The name refers to the resemblance of the nutlike seed, which has a pale patch on a shiny red-brown surface, to the eye of a deer . Like many of the related Eurasian horse chestnuts (also of the genus Aesculus), a number of buckeye species are valued as ornamental trees for their handsome candelabra-like flower clusters. Both the young foliage and the seeds are poisonous. Inflorescences of an Ohio buckeye tree (Aesculus glabra). © Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/Shutterstock.com The fruit and leaves of an Ohio buckeye tree (Aesculus glabra). Despite their similarity to … Kitty Kahout—Root Resources/EB Inc. Physical description Buckeye species are deciduous (i.e., they shed their leaves seasonally) or evergreen and have opposite leaves that are palmately compound (that is, with leaflets that radiate from a single point). The bisexual flowers are often showy and feature four or five fused petals. The fruits are dry capsules and have hard leathery husks that are smooth to weakly spiny. The fruits turn brown in fall and split into three parts to release one to three glossy brown inedible seeds . Inflorescence of a buckeye tree (Aesculus species). © Ariene Studio/Shutterstock.com Seeds from a buckeye tree (Aesculus species), named for their resemblance to the eye of a … © cvm/Shutterstock.com Species The most-notable species is the Ohio buckeye (A. glabra), also called fetid, or Texas, buckeye, which is primarily found in the Midwestern region of the United States . The tree grows up to 21 metres (70 feet) in height and has twigs and leaves that yield an unpleasant odour when crushed. The palmately compound leaves feature five to seven leaflets and turn orange to yellow in fall. The seeds contain tannic acid and are poisonous to cattle and humans. The plant is the state tree of Ohio, and the term buckeyes is used to refer to Ohioans in general as well as to the sports teams and players of the Ohio State University . Similar Topics	i don't know
What was the title of the second book of the Lord Of The Rings trilogy	The Lord of the Rings \| The One Wiki to Rule Them All \| Fandom powered by Wikia The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings 6,117pages on Cover of the 50th Anniversary One-Volume Edition The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien , which waslater fitted as a trilogy. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier fantasy book The Hobbit and soon developed into a much larger story. It was written in stages between 1937 and 1949, with much of it being written during World War II. [1] It was originally published in three volumes in 1954 and 1955, [2] and has since been reprinted numerous times and translated into at least 38 different languages, [3] becoming one of the most popular works in twentieth-century literature. First edition copies of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings The action in The Lord of the Rings is set in what the author conceived to be the lands of the real Earth, inhabited by humanity but placed in a fictional past, before our history but after the fall of his version of Atlantis, which he calls Númenor . [4] Tolkien gave this setting a modern English name, Middle-earth , a rendering of the Old English Middangeard . [5] Contents [ show ] The main conflict The story concerns peoples such as Hobbits , Elves , Men , Dwarves , Wizards , and Orcs (called goblins in The Hobbit), and centers on the Ring of Power made by the Dark Lord Sauron . Starting from quiet beginnings in The Shire , the story ranges across Middle-earth and follows the courses of the War of the Ring . The main story is followed by six appendices that provide a wealth of historical and linguistic background material, [6] as well as an index listing every character, place, song , and sword. Along with Tolkien's other writings, The Lord of the Rings has been subjected to extensive analysis of its literary themes and origins. Although a major work in itself, the story is merely the last movement of a larger mythological cycle, or legendarium, that Tolkien had worked on for many years since 1917. [7] Influences on this earlier work, and on the story of The Lord of the Rings, include philology , mythology and religion, as well as earlier fantasy works and Tolkien's experiences in World War I . The Lord of the Rings in its turn is considered to have had a great impact on modern fantasy, and the impact of Tolkien's works is such that the use of the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have been recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary. [8] The immense and enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references in popular culture , the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien's works , and a large number of books about Tolkien and his works being published. The Lord of the Rings has inspired (and continues to inspire) short stories, video games , artworks and musical works (see Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien ). Numerous adaptations of Tolkien's works have been made for a wide range of media. Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings in particular have been made for the radio, for the theatre, and for film. The 2001–2003 release of the Lord of the Rings film trilogy saw a surge of interest in The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's other works. [9] Back story The back story begins thousands of years before the action in the book, with the rise of the eponymous Lord of the Rings, the Dark Lord Sauron , a malevolent reincarnated deity who possessed great supernatural powers and who later became the ruler of the dreaded realm of Mordor . At the end of the First Age of Middle-earth, Sauron survived the catastrophic defeat and chaining of his lord, the ultimate Dark Lord , Morgoth Bauglir (who was formerly counted as one of the Vala , the angelic Powers of the world ). During the Second Age , Sauron schemed to gain dominion over Middle-earth. In the disguise as "Annatar" or Lord of Gifts, he aided Celebrimbor and other Elven-smiths of Eregion in the forging of magical rings which confer various powers and effects on their wearers. The most important of these were The Nine, the seven an the three (which he did not touch or know of the three.) called the Rings of Power or Great Rings. However, he then secretly forged a Great Ring of his own, the One Ring , by which he planned to enslave the wearers of the other Rings of Power. This plan failed when the Elves became aware of him and took off their Rings. Sauron then launched a war during which he captured sixteen and distributed them to lords and kings of Dwarves and Men; these Rings were known as the Seven and the Nine respectively. The Dwarf-lords proved too tough to enslave although their natural desire for wealth, especially gold, increased; this brought more conflict between them and other races. The Men who possessed the Nine were slowly corrupted over time and eventually became the Nazgûl or Ringwraiths, Sauron's most feared servants. The Three Sauron failed to capture, and remained in the possession of the Elves (who forged these independently). The war ended as the Men of the island-nation of Númenor , a great nation, helped the besieged Elves, and Sauron's forces retreated from the coasts of Eriador. At this time he still held most of Middle-earth, excluding Imladris ( Rivendell ) and the Gulf of Lune . A map of Númenor (called Andor by the Elves). Over 1500 years later, word reaches the current Kings of Númenor , Ar-Pharazôn , that Sauron has been bearing the title "Lord of all Middle-earth". This provoked Ar-Pharazôn and gave him an opportunity to show the glory and strength of Númenor. He arrived in Middle-earth with such overwhelming force that Sauron's armies flee at the sight of them. Abandoned by his minions, Sauron surrendered to the Númenóreans, and was taken to Númenor as a "prisoner". Sauron then started to poison the minds of the Númenóreans against the Valar. Thus, Sauron set into motion events that brought about Númenor's destruction. He did this by corrupting the King's mind, telling him that the immortality of the Elves was his to take if he set foot upon the lands of Aman , the Blessed Realm, where Valinor , the realm of the Valar, was located. With old age on his mind, Ar-Pharazôn led an invasion of Aman and Valinor with the greatest host seen since the end of the First Age . However, upon reaching Aman, he and his army were buried by a landslide, and there they would remain until the Final Battle in Tolkien's eschatology . Manwë , the King of Arda , calls upon Eru Ilúvatar ( God ), who opened a great chasm in the sea, destroying Númenor, and removed the Undying Lands from the mortal world. The destruction of Númenor destroyed Sauron's fair and handsome physical body, but his spirit returned to Mordor and assumes a new form — black, burning hot (though he was not on fire), and terrible. Over 100 years later, he launched an attack against the Númenórean exiled (the Faithful, who did not join Ar-Pharazôn's expedition), who managed to escape to Middle-earth. However, the exiles (led by Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anárion ) had time to prepare, and, after forming the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with the Elven-king Gil-galad , they marched against Mordor, defeated Sauron on the plain of Dagorlad , and besieged Barad-dûr , at which time Anárion was slain. After seven years of siege, Sauron himself was ultimately forced to engage in single combat with the leaders. Gil-galad and Elendil perished as they combat Sauron, and Elendil's sword, Narsil , broke beneath him. However, Sauron's body was also overcome and slain, [4] and Isildur cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand with the hilt-shard of Narsil, and at this Sauron's spirit flees and does not reappear in his terrible form for many centuries. Isildur was advised to destroy the One Ring by the only way it could be — by casting it into the volcanic Mount Doom where it was forged — but he refused, attracted to its beauty and kept it as compensation for the deaths of his father and brother (weregild). So began the Third Age of Middle-earth. Two years later, while journeying to Rivendell , Isildur and his soldiers were ambushed by a band of Orcs at what was eventually called the Disaster of the Gladden Fields . While the latter were almost all killed, Isildur escaped by putting on the Ring — which made mortal wearers invisible. However, the Ring slipped from his finger while he was swimming in the great River Anduin ; he was killed by Orc-arrows and the Ring was lost for two millennia. It was then found by chance by a hobbit named Déagol . His relative and friend [4] Sméagol strangled him for the Ring and was banished from his home by his maternal grandmother. He fled to the Misty Mountains where he slowly withered and became a disgusting, slimy creature called Gollum . In The Hobbit , set 60 years before the events in The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien relates the story of the seemingly accidental finding of the Ring by another hobbit, Bilbo Baggins , who takes it to his home, Bag End . Story-externally, the tale related in The Hobbit was written before The Lord of the Rings, and it was only later that the author developed Bilbo's magic ring into the "One Ring." Neither Bilbo nor the wizard, Gandalf , are aware at this point that Bilbo's magic ring is the One Ring, forged by the Dark Lord Sauron. Synopsis Middle-earth during the Third Age The Lord of the Rings takes up the story about 60 years after the end of The Hobbit. The story begins in the first volume, The Fellowship of the Ring , when Frodo Baggins , Bilbo's adoptive heir, came into possession of Bilbo's magic ring. Bilbo's old friend, Gandalf the Grey , who got Bilbo involved in the adventures in The Hobbit that led to the discovery of the Ring, discovered that it was in fact the One Ring , the instrument of Sauron's power and the object for which the Dark Lord has been searching for most of the Third Age, and which corrupted others with desire for it and the power it held. Sauron sent the sinister Ringwraiths, in the guise of riders in black, to the Shire , Frodo's native land, in search of the Ring. Frodo escaped, with the help of his loyal gardener Sam Gamgee and three close friends, Merry Brandybuck , Pippin Took , and Fatty Bolger . While Fatty acted as decoy for the Ringwraiths, Frodo and the others set off to take the Ring to the Elven haven of Rivendell . They were aided by the enigmatic Tom Bombadil , who saved them from Old Man Willow and took them in for a few days of feasting, rest, and counsel. At the town of Bree , Frodo's party was joined by a man called "Strider", who was revealed, in a letter left by Gandalf at the local inn for Frodo, to be Aragorn , the heir to the kingships of Gondor and Arnor , two great realms founded by the Númenórean exiles. Aragorn led the hobbits to Rivendell on Gandalf's request. However, Frodo was gravely wounded by the leader of the Ringwraiths, though he managed to recover under the care of the Half-elven lord Elrond . In Rivendell, the hobbits also learned that Sauron's forces could only be resisted if Aragorn took up his inheritance and fulfilled an ancient prophecy by wielding the sword Andúril , which had been forged anew from the shards of Narsil , the sword that cut the Ring from Sauron's finger in the Second Age. A high council , attended by representatives of the major races of Middle-earth; Elves, Dwarves, and Men, and presided over by Elrond, decide that the only course of action that can save Middle-earth is to destroy the Ring by taking it to Mordor and casting it into Mount Doom , where it was forged. Frodo volunteered for the task, and a " Fellowship of the Ring " were formed to aid him — consisting of Frodo, his three Hobbit companions, Gandalf, Aragorn, Boromir of Gondor, Gimli the Dwarf, and Legolas the Elf. Their journey took them through the Mines of Moria , where they were being followed by the wretched creature Gollum , whom Bilbo had met in the Goblin-caves of the Misty Mountains years before. (The full tale of their meeting is told in The Hobbit.) Gollum long possessed the Ring before it passed to Bilbo. Gandalf explained that Gollum belonged to a people "of hobbit-kind" before he came upon the Ring, which corrupted him. A slave to the Ring's evil power, Gollum desperately sought to regain his "Precious." As they proceeded through the Mines, Pippin unintentionally betrayed their presence and the party was attacked by creatures of Sauron. Gandalf battled a giant subterranean demon, the Balrog , and fell into a deep chasm, apparently to his death. Escaping from Moria, the Fellowship, now led by Aragorn, go to the Elven realm of Lothlórien . Here, the Lady Galadriel showed Frodo and Sam visions of the past, present, and future. Frodo also saw the Eye of Sauron , a metaphysical expression of Sauron himself, and Galadriel was tempted by the Ring. By the end of the first volume, after the Fellowship has travelled along the great River Anduin , Frodo decided to continue the trek to Mordor on his own, largely due to the Ring's growing influence on Boromir; however, the faithful Sam insisted on going with him. In the second volume, The Two Towers , a parallel story, told in the first book of the volume, details the exploits of the remaining members of the Fellowship who aided the country of Rohan in its war against the emerging evil of Saruman , leader of the Order of Wizards, who wanted the Ring for himself. At the start of the first book, the Fellowship was further scattered; Merry and Pippin were captured by Sauron and Saruman's orcs, Boromir was mortally wounded defending them, and Aragorn and the others went off in pursuit of their captors. The three met Gandalf, who has returned to Middle-earth as "Gandalf the White": they found out that he slew the Balrog of Moria, and although the battle also proved fatal to Gandalf, he was then sent back and "reborn" as a more imposing figure. At the end of the first book, Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli helped defeat Saruman's armies at the Battle of the Hornburg while Saruman himself was cornered by the tree-like Ents and Huorns , accompanied by Merry and Pippin, who escaped from captivity, and the two groups' paths crossed. The second book of the volume tells of Frodo and Sam's exploits on the way to Mount Doom. They managed to capture and "tame" Gollum, who then showed them a way to enter Mordor secretly (as opposed to the Black Gate ), albeit through the dreaded realm of Minas Morgul . At the end of the volume, Gollum betrayed Frodo to the great spider, Shelob , and though he survived, he was captured by Orcs. Meanwhile, Sauron launched an all-out military assault upon Middle-earth, with the Witch-king (leader of the Ringwraiths) leading a fell host from Minas Morgul into battle against Gondor , in the War of the Ring . In the third volume, The Return of the King , the further adventures of Gandalf, Aragorn and company are related in the first book of the volume, while Frodo and Sam's are related in the second, as with The Two Towers. As told in the first book, the Fellowship assisted in the final battles against the armies of Sauron, including the siege of the tower-city of Minas Tirith in Gondor and the climactic life-or-death battle before the Black Gate of Mordor, where the alliance of Gondor and Rohan fought desperately against Sauron's armies in order to distract him from the Ring, hoping to gain time for Frodo to destroy it. In the second book, Sam rescued Frodo from captivity. After much struggle, they finally reached Mount Doom itself, tailed by Gollum. However, the temptation of the Ring proved too great for Frodo and he claimed it for himself. However, Gollum struggled with him and managed to bite the Ring off. Crazed with triumph, Gollum slipped into the fires of the mountain, and the Ring was destroyed. Finally, Sauron was defeated, and Aragorn was crowned king. However, all was not over, for Saruman managed to escape and scour the Shire before being overthrown. At the end, Frodo remained wounded in body and spirit and went west accompanied by Bilbo over the Sea to Valinor, where he could find peace. According to Tolkien's timeline , the events depicted in the story occurred between Bilbo's announcement of his September 22, 3001 birthday party , and Sam's re-arrival to Bag End on October 6, 3021 . Most of the events portrayed in the story occur in 3018 and 3019, with Frodo heading out from Bag End on September 23 3018 , and the destruction of the Ring six months later on March 25 , 3019 . Characters For character information see: List of characters Good (excluding minor characters) Volume I - Volume II - Volume III The Lord of the Rings was started as a sequel to The Hobbit , a fantasy story that Tolkien had written for, and read to, his children, which was published in 1937. [10] The popularity of The Hobbit led to demands from his publishers for more stories about Hobbits and goblins , and so that same year, at the age of 45, Tolkien began writing the story that would become The Lord of the Rings. The story would not be finished until 12 years later, in 1949, and it would not be fully published until 1955, by which time Tolkien was 63 years old. Tolkien did not originally intend to write a sequel to The Hobbit, and instead wrote several other children's tales, including Roverandom . As his main work, Tolkien began to outline the history of Arda , telling tales of the Silmarils , and many other stories of how the races and situations that we read about in the Lord of the Rings came to be. Tolkien died before he could complete and put together this work, today known as The Silmarillion , but his son Christopher Tolkien edited his father's work, filled in gaps, and published it in 1977. [11] Some Tolkien biographers regard The Silmarillion as the true "work of his heart", [12] as it provides the historical and linguistic context for the more popular work and for his constructed languages , and occupied the greater part of Tolkien's time. As a result The Lord of the Rings ended up as the last movement of Tolkien's legendarium and in his own as a "much larger, and I hope also in proportion the best, of the entire cycle". [4] Persuaded by his publishers, he started 'a new Hobbit' in December 1937. [10] After several false starts, the story of the One Ring soon emerged, and the book mutated from being a sequel to The Hobbit, to being, in theme, more a sequel to the unpublished Silmarillion . The idea of the first chapter (A Long-Expected Party) arrived fully-formed, although the reasons behind Bilbo's disappearance, the significance of the Ring, and the title The Lord of the Rings did not arrive until the spring of 1938. [10] Originally, he planned to write another story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the ring and its powers and decided to write about it instead. [10] He began with Bilbo as the main character but decided that the story was too serious to use the fun-loving hobbit and so Tolkien looked to use a member of Bilbo's family. [10] He thought about using Bilbo's son, but this generated some difficult questions, such as the whereabouts of his wife and whether he would let his son go into danger. Thus he looked for an alternate character to carry the ring. In Greek legend, it was a hero's nephew that gained the item of power, and so the hobbit Frodo came into existence. [10] Writing was slow due to Tolkien's perfectionism, and was frequently interrupted by his obligations as an examiner, and other academic duties. [citation needed] The first sentence of The Hobbit was in fact written on a blank page which a student had left on an exam paper which Tolkien was marking — "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit." [13] He seems to have abandoned The Lord of the Rings during most of 1943 and only restarted it in April 1944. [10] This effort was written as a serial for Christopher Tolkien and C.S. Lewis — the former would be sent copies of chapters as they were written while he was serving in Africa in the Royal Air Force. He made another push in 1946, and showed a copy of the manuscript to his publishers in 1947. [10] The story was effectively finished the next year, but Tolkien did not finish revising earlier parts of the work until 1949. [10] A dispute with his publishers, Allen & Unwin , led to the book being offered to HarperCollins in 1950. He intended The Silmarillion (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with The Lord of the Rings, but A&U were unwilling to do this. After his contact at Collins, Milton Waldman, expressed the belief that The Lord of the Rings itself "urgently needed cutting", he eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952 . They did not do so, and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff." [10] Publication For publication, due largely to post-war paper shortages, but also to keep the price of the first volume down, the book was divided into three volumes: The Fellowship of the Ring : Books I and II, The Two Towers : Books III and IV, and The Return of the King : Books V and VI plus 6 appendices. Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to these being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954 , 11 November 1954 and 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, slightly later in the United States. The Return of the King was especially delayed. Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title The Return of the King, believing it gave away too much of the storyline. He had originally suggested War of the Ring , which was dismissed by his publishers. [14] Dust jacket of the 1968 UK edition The books were published under a 'profit-sharing' arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits. An index to the entire 3-volume set at the end of third volume was promised in the first volume. However, this proved impractical to compile in a reasonable timescale. Later, in 1966, four indices, not compiled by Tolkien, were added to The Return of the King. Because the three-volume binding was so widely distributed, the work is often referred to as the Lord of the Rings "trilogy." In a letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien himself made use of the term "trilogy" for the work ( The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien , #163) though he did at other times consider this incorrect, as it was written and conceived as a single book (Letters, #149). It is also often called a novel ; however, Tolkien also objected to this term as he viewed it as a romance (Letters, #329; "romance" in this sense refers to a heroic tale). A 1999 (Millennium Edition) British ( ISBN 0-261-10387-3 ) 7-volume box set followed the six-book division authored by Tolkien, with the Appendices from the end of The Return of the King bound as a separate volume. The letters of Tolkien appeared on the spines of the boxed set which included a CD. To coincide with the film release, a new version of this popular edition was released featuring images from the films, such as: I - Frodo climbing the steps to Bag End II - Aragorn and Arwen in Rivendell III - Gandalf in Moria IV - A swan boat from Lothlórien V - A Black Rider from the 'Flight to the Ford' sequence VI - The tower of Cirith Ungol (although this image featured in many of the promotional books (e.g. the 'FotR Photo Guide') from the first film, it did not feature in the films until Return of the King) App. - Frodo's hand holding the One Ring This new imprint ( ISBN 0-00-763555-9 ) also omitted the CD. The individual names for books in this series were decided posthumously, based on a combination of suggestions Tolkien had made during his lifetime and the titles of the existing volumes — viz : T Book I: The Return of the Shadow O Book II: The Fellowship of the Ring L Book III: The Treason of Isengard K Book IV: The Journey to Mordor I Book V: The War of the Ring E Book VI: The Return of the King N Appendices The name of the complete work is often abbreviated to 'LotR', 'LOTR', or simply 'LR' (Tolkien himself used L.R.), and the three volumes as FR, FOTR, or FotR (The Fellowship of the Ring), TT or TTT (The Two Towers), and RK, ROTK, or RotK (The Return of the King). Note that the titles The Return of the Shadow, The Treason of Isengard and The War of the Ring were used by Christopher Tolkien in The History of The Lord of the Rings . Publication history The three parts were first published by Allen & Unwin in 1954–1955, several months apart. They have since been reissued many times by multiple publishers, as one, three, six or seven volume sets. The two most common current printings are ISBN 0-618-34399-7 (one-volume) and ISBN 0-618-34624-4 (three volume set). In the early 1960s, Donald A. Wollheim, science fiction editor of the paperback publisher Ace Books, realized that The Lord of the Rings was not protected in the United States under American copyright law because the US hardcover edition had been bound from pages printed in the United Kingdom, with the original intention being for them to be printed in the British edition. Ace Books proceeded to publish an edition, unauthorized by Tolkien and without royalties to him. Tolkien took issue with this and quickly notified his fans of this objection. Grass-roots pressure from these fans became so great that Ace books withdrew their edition and made a nominal payment to Tolkien, well below what he might have been due in an appropriate publication. However, this poor beginning was overshadowed when an authorized edition followed from Ballantine Books to tremendous commercial success. By the mid-1960s the books, due to their wide exposure on the American public stage, had become a true cultural phenomenon. Also at this time Tolkien undertook various textual revisions to produce a version of the book that would have a valid US copyright. This would later become known as the Second Edition of The Lord of the Rings. The books have been translated, with various degrees of success, into dozens of other languages. [15] Tolkien, an expert in philology, examined many of these translations, and had comments on each that reflect both the translation process and his work. To aid translators, Tolkien wrote his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings. Because The Lord of the Rings is said to be a translation of the Red Book of Westmarch , translators have an unusual degree of freedom when translating The Lord of the Rings. This allows for such translations as elf becoming Elb in German — Elb does not carry the connotations of mischief that its English counterpart does and therefore is more true to the work that Tolkien created. In contrast to the usual modern practice, names intended to have a particular meaning in the English version are translated to provide a similar meaning in the target language: in German, for example, the name "Baggins" becomes "Beutlin," containing the word Beutel meaning "bag." In 1990 Recorded Books published an unabridged audio version of the books. They hired British actor Rob Inglis , who had starred in a one man production of The Hobbit, to read. Inglis performs the books verbatim, using distinct voices for each character, and sings all of the songs. Tolkien had written music for some of the songs in the book. For the rest, Inglis, along with director Claudia Howard wrote additional music. The current ISBN is 1402516274. Influences The Lord of the Rings began as a personal exploration by Tolkien of his interests in philology, religion (particularly Roman Catholicism), fairy tales , as well as Norse and Celtic mythology , but it was also crucially influenced by the effects of his military service during World War I . [16] Tolkien detailed his creation to an astounding extent; he created a complete mythology for his realm of Middle-earth, including genealogies of characters, languages, writing systems, calendars and histories. Some of this supplementary material is detailed in the appendices to The Lord of the Rings, and the mythological history woven into a large, Biblically-styled volume entitled The Silmarillion . However many parts of the world he crafted, as he freely admitted, are influenced by other sources. Tolkien's largest influences in the creation of his world were his Catholic faith and the Bible. [17] Tolkien once described The Lord of the Rings to his friend, the English Jesuit Father Robert Murray, as "a fundamentally religious and Catholic work, unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision." [4] There are many theological themes underlying the narrative including the battle of good versus evil, the triumph of humility over pride, and the activity of grace. In addition the saga includes themes which incorporate death and immortality, mercy and pity, resurrection, salvation, repentance, self-sacrifice, free will, justice, fellowship, authority and healing. In addition the Lord's Prayer "And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil" was reportedly present in Tolkien's mind as he described Frodo's struggles against the power of the One Ring. [4] Non-Christian religious motifs also had strong influences in Tolkien's Middle-earth. His Ainur, a race of angelic beings who are responsible for conceptualising the world , includes the Valar , the pantheon of "gods" who are responsible for the maintenance of everything from skies and seas to dreams and doom, and their servants, the Maiar . The concept of the Valar echoes Greek and Norse mythologies, although the Ainur and the world itself are all creations of a monotheistic deity — Ilúvatar or Eru, "The One" . As the external practice of Middle-earth religion is downplayed in The Lord of the Rings, explicit information about them is only given in the different versions of Silmarillion material. However, there remain allusions to this aspect of Tolkien's mythos, including "the Great Enemy" who was Sauron's master and "Elbereth, Queen of Stars" ( Morgoth and Varda respectively, two of the Valar) in the main text, the "Authorities" (referring to the Valar, literally Powers) in the Prologue, and "the One" in Appendix A. Other non-Christian mythological elements can be seen, including other sentient non-humans (Dwarves, Elves, Hobbits and Ents), a "Green Man" ( Tom Bombadil ), and spirits or ghosts ( Barrow-wights , Oathbreakers ). Gandalf the " Odinic wanderer", from a book cover by John Howe . The mythologies from northern Europe are perhaps the best known non-Christian influences on Tolkien. His Elves and Dwarves are by and large based on Norse and related Germanic mythologies. [ citation needed ] The figure of Gandalf is particularly influenced by the Germanic deity Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff; Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an "Odinic wanderer" in a letter of 1946 . [4] Finnish mythology and more specifically the Finnish national epic Kalevala were also acknowledged by Tolkien as an influence on Middle-earth. [ citation needed ] In a similar manner to The Lord of the Rings, the Kalevala centres around a magical item of great power, the Sampo , which bestows great fortune on its owner but never makes its exact nature clear. Like the One Ring, the Sampo is fought over by forces of good and evil, and is ultimately lost to the world as it is destroyed towards the end of the story. In another parallel, the latter work's wizard character Väinämöinen also has many similarities to Gandalf in his immortal origins and wise nature, and both works end with their respective wizard departing on a ship to lands beyond the mortal world. Tolkien also based his Elvish language Quenya on Finnish. [18] In addition The Lord of the Rings was crucially influenced by Tolkien's experiences during World War I and his son's during World War II. The central action of the books — a climactic, age-ending war between good and evil — is the central event of many world mythologies, notably Norse, but it is also a clear reference to the well-known description of World War I, which was commonly referred to as "the war to end all wars." After the publication of The Lord of the Rings these influences led to speculation that the One Ring was an allegory for the nuclear bomb. [19] Tolkien, however, repeatedly insisted that his works were not an allegory of any kind. However there is a strong theme of despair in the face of new mechanized warfare that Tolkien himself had experienced in the trenches of World War I. The development of a specially bred Orc army, and the destruction of the environment to aid this, also have modern resonances; and the effects of the Ring on its users evoke the modern literature of drug addiction as much as any historic quest literature. Nevertheless, Tolkien states in the introduction to the books that he disliked allegories and that the story was not one, [20] and it would be irresponsible to dismiss such direct statements on these matters lightly. Tolkien had already completed most of the book, including the ending in its entirety, before the first nuclear bombs were made known to the world at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. While Tolkien plausibly denied any specific 'nuclear' reference, it is clear that the Ring has broad applicability to the concept of Absolute Power and its effects, and that the plot hinges on the view that anyone who seeks to gain absolute worldly power will inevitably be corrupted by it. Some also say there is also clear evidence that one of the main subtexts of the story — the passing of a mythical "Golden Age" — was influenced not only by Arthurian legend but also by Tolkien's contemporary anxieties about the growing encroachment of urbanisation and industrialisation into the "traditional" English lifestyle and countryside. The concept of the "ring of power" itself is also present in Plato's Republic and in the story of Gyges' ring (a story often compared to the Book of Job). Many, however, believe Tolkien's most likely source was the Norse tale of Sigurd the Volsung . Some locations and characters were inspired by Tolkien's childhood in Sarehole (then a Worcestershire village, now part of Birmingham ) and Birmingham. Critical response Tolkien's work has received mixed reviews since its inception, ranging from terrible to excellent. Recent reviews in various media have been, in a majority, highly positive. On its initial review the Sunday Telegraph felt it was "among the greatest works of imaginative fiction of the twentieth century". The Sunday Times seemed to echo these sentiments when in their review it was stated that "the English-speaking world is divided into those who have read The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit and those who are going to read them." The New York Herald Tribune also seemed to have an idea of how popular the books would become, writing in its review that they were "destined to outlast our time." [21] Not all original reviews, however, were so kind. New York Times reviewer Judith Shulevitz criticized the "pedantry" of Tolkien's literary style, saying that he "formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself." [22] Critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in The New Republic, criticized a perceived lack of psychological depth. Both the characters and the work itself are, according to Jenkyns, "anemic, and lacking in fiber." [23] Even within Tolkien's social group, The Inklings , reviews were mixed. Hugo Dyson was famously recorded as saying, during one of Tolkien's readings to the group, "Oh no! Not another fucking elf!" [24] However, another Inkling, C.S. Lewis , had very different feelings, writing, "here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron. Here is a book which will break your heart." Several other authors in the genre, however, seemed to agree more with Dyson than Lewis. Science-fiction author David Brin criticized the books for what he perceived to be their unquestioning devotion to a traditional elitist social structure, their positive depiction of the slaughter of the opposing forces, and their romantic backward-looking worldview. [25] Michael Moorcock, another famous science fiction and fantasy author, is also a fervent detractor of The Lord of the Rings. In his essay, "Epic Pooh," he equates Tolkien's work to Winnie-the-Pooh and criticizes it and similar works for their perceived Merry England point of view. [26] Incidentally, Moorcock met both Tolkien and Lewis in his teens and claims to have liked them personally, even though he does not admire them on artistic grounds. More recently, critical analysis has focused on Tolkien's experiences in the First World War ; writers such as John Garth in 'Tolkien and the Great War', Janet Brennan Croft and Tom Shippey all look in detail at this aspect and compare the imagery, mental landscape and traumas in Lord of the Rings with those experienced by soldiers in the trenches and the history of the Great War. John Carey, formerly Merton Professor of English Literature at Oxford University, speaking in April 2003 on the BBC "Big Read" programme which voted Lord of the Rings "Britain's best-loved book", said that "Tolkien's writing is essentially a species of war literature; not as direct perhaps as Wilfred Owen, or as solid as some, but very, very interesting as that — the most solid reflection on war experiences written up as fantasy." The Lord of the Rings, despite not being published in paperback until the 1960s, sold well in hardback. [27] In 1957 it was awarded the International Fantasy Award . Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. [28] In the 2003 "Big Read" survey conducted by the BBC , The Lord of the Rings was found to be the "Nation's Best-loved Book". Australians voted The Lord of the Rings "My Favourite Book" in a 2004 survey conducted by the Australian ABC. [29] In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite "book of the millennium". [30] In 2002 Tolkien was voted the ninety-second "greatest Briton" in a poll conducted by the BBC, and in 2004 he was voted thirty-fifth in the SABC3's Great South Africans, the only person to appear in both lists. His popularity is not limited just to the English-speaking world: in a 2004 poll inspired by the UK’s "Big Read" survey, about 250,000 Germans found The Lord of the Rings to be their favourite work of literature. [31] Adaptations Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings has been adapted for film, radio and stage multiple times. The book has been adapted for radio three times. In 1955 and 1956, the British Broadcasting Company ( BBC ) broadcast The Lord of the Rings , a 12-part radio adaptation of the story, of which no recording has survived. A 1979 dramatization of The Lord of the Rings was broadcast in the United States and subsequently issued on tape and CD. In 1981 the BBC broadcast, The Lord of the Rings , a new dramatization in 26 half-hour installments. Three film adaptations have been made. The first was J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi , the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story (hence its original title, The Lord of the Rings Part 1). It covers The Fellowship of the Ring and part of The Two Towers. The second, The Return of the King (1980), was an animated television special by Rankin-Bass , who had produced a similar version of The Hobbit (1977). The third was director Peter Jackson 's live action The Lord of the Rings film trilogy , produced by New Line Cinema and released in three installments as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). The live-action film trilogy has done much in particular to bring the book into the public consciousness. [9] There have been four stage productions based on the book. Three original full-length stage adaptations of The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003) were staged in Cincinnati, Ohio . A stage musical adaptation of The Lord of the Rings (2006) was staged in Toronto, Canada. Influences on the fantasy genre Following the massive success of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien considered a sequel entitled The New Shadow , in which the Men of Gondor turn to dark cults and consider an uprising against Aragorn's son, Eldarion . Tolkien decided not to do it, and the incomplete story can be found in The Peoples of Middle-earth . Tolkien returned to finish his mythology, which was published in novel form posthumously by Christopher Tolkien in 1977 , and the remaining information of his legendarium was published through Unfinished Tales ( 1980 ) and The History of Middle-earth , a 12 volume series published from 1983 to 1996 , of which The Peoples of Middle-earth is part. Nonetheless, the enormous popularity of Tolkien's epic saga greatly expanded the demand for fantasy fiction. Largely thanks to The Lord of the Rings, the genre flowered throughout the 1960s. Many other books in a broadly similar vein were published (including the Earthsea books of Ursula K. Le Guin, the Thomas Covenant novels of Stephen R. Donaldson), and in the case of the Gormenghast books by Mervyn Peake, and The Worm Ouroboros by E. R. Eddison, rediscovered. [citation needed] It also strongly influenced the role playing game industry which achieved popularity in the 1970s with Dungeons & Dragons . Dungeons & Dragons features many races found in The Lord of the Rings most notably the presence of halflings , elves, dwarves, half-elves , orcs , and dragons. However, Gary Gygax, lead designer of the game, maintains that he was influenced very little by The Lord of the Rings, stating that he included these elements as a marketing move to draw on the then-popularity of the work. [32] The Lord of the Rings also has influenced Magic: The Gathering. The Lord of the Rings has also influenced the creation of various video games, including Baldur's Gate, Everquest, The Elder Scrolls, Neverwinter Nights, and the Warcraft series, [33] as well as video games set in Middle-earth itself. As in all artistic fields, a great many lesser derivatives of the more prominent works appeared. The term "Tolkienesque" is used in the genre to refer to the oft-used and abused storyline of The Lord of the Rings: a group of adventurers embarking on a quest to save a magical fantasy world from the armies of an evil " dark lord ," and is a testament to how much the popularity of these books has increased, since many critics initially decried it as being "Wagner for children" (a reference to the Ring Cycle) — an especially interesting commentary in light of a possible interpretation of the books as a Christian response to Wagner. [34] The work has also had an influence upon such science fiction authors as Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke. In fact, Clarke (who compared it to Frank Herbert's Dune [35] ) makes a reference to Mount Doom in his work 2061: Odyssey Three.[ citation needed ] Tolkien also influenced George Lucas' Star Wars films. . [36] Pop culture references Main article: Middle-earth in popular culture The Lord of the Rings has had a profound and wide-ranging impact on popular culture, from its publication in the 1950s, but especially throughout the 1960s and 1970s, where young people embraced it as a countercultural saga. Its influence has been vastly extended in the present day, thanks to the Peter Jackson live-action films. Well known examples include "Frodo Lives!" and "Gandalf for President", two phrases popular among American Tolkien fans during the 1960s and 1970s, [37] "Ramble On", " The Battle of Evermore ", and " Misty Mountain Hop ", three compositions by the British rock band Led Zeppelin that contain explicit references to The Lord of the Rings (with others, such as "Stairway to Heaven", alleged by some to contain such), "Rivendell", a song about the joys of a stay at the Elven haven by the band Rush]] (found on their album Fly by Night, 1975), "Lord of the Rings" and "Gandalf the Wizard" by the German power metal band Blind Guardian (who have also produced a Silmarillion-inspired album, Nightfall in Middle-Earth ), nearly the entire discography of Austrian black metal band Summoning (who have also looked to other Tolkien works for inspiration) [38] Rock band Marillion also take their name from Tolkien's Silmarillion. The Lord of the Rings-themed editions of popular board games (e.g., Risk: Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition , chess and Monopoly), [39] and parodies such as Bored of the Rings , produced for the Harvard Lampoon, and the South Park episode " The Return of the Lord of the Rings to the Two Towers ". Regions of Middle-earth	The Two Towers
In which sport is the Brabazon Trophy awarded	The Lord of the Rings \| The One Wiki to Rule Them All \| Fandom powered by Wikia The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings 6,117pages on Cover of the 50th Anniversary One-Volume Edition The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien , which waslater fitted as a trilogy. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier fantasy book The Hobbit and soon developed into a much larger story. It was written in stages between 1937 and 1949, with much of it being written during World War II. [1] It was originally published in three volumes in 1954 and 1955, [2] and has since been reprinted numerous times and translated into at least 38 different languages, [3] becoming one of the most popular works in twentieth-century literature. First edition copies of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings The action in The Lord of the Rings is set in what the author conceived to be the lands of the real Earth, inhabited by humanity but placed in a fictional past, before our history but after the fall of his version of Atlantis, which he calls Númenor . [4] Tolkien gave this setting a modern English name, Middle-earth , a rendering of the Old English Middangeard . [5] Contents [ show ] The main conflict The story concerns peoples such as Hobbits , Elves , Men , Dwarves , Wizards , and Orcs (called goblins in The Hobbit), and centers on the Ring of Power made by the Dark Lord Sauron . Starting from quiet beginnings in The Shire , the story ranges across Middle-earth and follows the courses of the War of the Ring . The main story is followed by six appendices that provide a wealth of historical and linguistic background material, [6] as well as an index listing every character, place, song , and sword. Along with Tolkien's other writings, The Lord of the Rings has been subjected to extensive analysis of its literary themes and origins. Although a major work in itself, the story is merely the last movement of a larger mythological cycle, or legendarium, that Tolkien had worked on for many years since 1917. [7] Influences on this earlier work, and on the story of The Lord of the Rings, include philology , mythology and religion, as well as earlier fantasy works and Tolkien's experiences in World War I . The Lord of the Rings in its turn is considered to have had a great impact on modern fantasy, and the impact of Tolkien's works is such that the use of the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have been recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary. [8] The immense and enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references in popular culture , the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien's works , and a large number of books about Tolkien and his works being published. The Lord of the Rings has inspired (and continues to inspire) short stories, video games , artworks and musical works (see Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien ). Numerous adaptations of Tolkien's works have been made for a wide range of media. Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings in particular have been made for the radio, for the theatre, and for film. The 2001–2003 release of the Lord of the Rings film trilogy saw a surge of interest in The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's other works. [9] Back story The back story begins thousands of years before the action in the book, with the rise of the eponymous Lord of the Rings, the Dark Lord Sauron , a malevolent reincarnated deity who possessed great supernatural powers and who later became the ruler of the dreaded realm of Mordor . At the end of the First Age of Middle-earth, Sauron survived the catastrophic defeat and chaining of his lord, the ultimate Dark Lord , Morgoth Bauglir (who was formerly counted as one of the Vala , the angelic Powers of the world ). During the Second Age , Sauron schemed to gain dominion over Middle-earth. In the disguise as "Annatar" or Lord of Gifts, he aided Celebrimbor and other Elven-smiths of Eregion in the forging of magical rings which confer various powers and effects on their wearers. The most important of these were The Nine, the seven an the three (which he did not touch or know of the three.) called the Rings of Power or Great Rings. However, he then secretly forged a Great Ring of his own, the One Ring , by which he planned to enslave the wearers of the other Rings of Power. This plan failed when the Elves became aware of him and took off their Rings. Sauron then launched a war during which he captured sixteen and distributed them to lords and kings of Dwarves and Men; these Rings were known as the Seven and the Nine respectively. The Dwarf-lords proved too tough to enslave although their natural desire for wealth, especially gold, increased; this brought more conflict between them and other races. The Men who possessed the Nine were slowly corrupted over time and eventually became the Nazgûl or Ringwraiths, Sauron's most feared servants. The Three Sauron failed to capture, and remained in the possession of the Elves (who forged these independently). The war ended as the Men of the island-nation of Númenor , a great nation, helped the besieged Elves, and Sauron's forces retreated from the coasts of Eriador. At this time he still held most of Middle-earth, excluding Imladris ( Rivendell ) and the Gulf of Lune . A map of Númenor (called Andor by the Elves). Over 1500 years later, word reaches the current Kings of Númenor , Ar-Pharazôn , that Sauron has been bearing the title "Lord of all Middle-earth". This provoked Ar-Pharazôn and gave him an opportunity to show the glory and strength of Númenor. He arrived in Middle-earth with such overwhelming force that Sauron's armies flee at the sight of them. Abandoned by his minions, Sauron surrendered to the Númenóreans, and was taken to Númenor as a "prisoner". Sauron then started to poison the minds of the Númenóreans against the Valar. Thus, Sauron set into motion events that brought about Númenor's destruction. He did this by corrupting the King's mind, telling him that the immortality of the Elves was his to take if he set foot upon the lands of Aman , the Blessed Realm, where Valinor , the realm of the Valar, was located. With old age on his mind, Ar-Pharazôn led an invasion of Aman and Valinor with the greatest host seen since the end of the First Age . However, upon reaching Aman, he and his army were buried by a landslide, and there they would remain until the Final Battle in Tolkien's eschatology . Manwë , the King of Arda , calls upon Eru Ilúvatar ( God ), who opened a great chasm in the sea, destroying Númenor, and removed the Undying Lands from the mortal world. The destruction of Númenor destroyed Sauron's fair and handsome physical body, but his spirit returned to Mordor and assumes a new form — black, burning hot (though he was not on fire), and terrible. Over 100 years later, he launched an attack against the Númenórean exiled (the Faithful, who did not join Ar-Pharazôn's expedition), who managed to escape to Middle-earth. However, the exiles (led by Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anárion ) had time to prepare, and, after forming the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with the Elven-king Gil-galad , they marched against Mordor, defeated Sauron on the plain of Dagorlad , and besieged Barad-dûr , at which time Anárion was slain. After seven years of siege, Sauron himself was ultimately forced to engage in single combat with the leaders. Gil-galad and Elendil perished as they combat Sauron, and Elendil's sword, Narsil , broke beneath him. However, Sauron's body was also overcome and slain, [4] and Isildur cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand with the hilt-shard of Narsil, and at this Sauron's spirit flees and does not reappear in his terrible form for many centuries. Isildur was advised to destroy the One Ring by the only way it could be — by casting it into the volcanic Mount Doom where it was forged — but he refused, attracted to its beauty and kept it as compensation for the deaths of his father and brother (weregild). So began the Third Age of Middle-earth. Two years later, while journeying to Rivendell , Isildur and his soldiers were ambushed by a band of Orcs at what was eventually called the Disaster of the Gladden Fields . While the latter were almost all killed, Isildur escaped by putting on the Ring — which made mortal wearers invisible. However, the Ring slipped from his finger while he was swimming in the great River Anduin ; he was killed by Orc-arrows and the Ring was lost for two millennia. It was then found by chance by a hobbit named Déagol . His relative and friend [4] Sméagol strangled him for the Ring and was banished from his home by his maternal grandmother. He fled to the Misty Mountains where he slowly withered and became a disgusting, slimy creature called Gollum . In The Hobbit , set 60 years before the events in The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien relates the story of the seemingly accidental finding of the Ring by another hobbit, Bilbo Baggins , who takes it to his home, Bag End . Story-externally, the tale related in The Hobbit was written before The Lord of the Rings, and it was only later that the author developed Bilbo's magic ring into the "One Ring." Neither Bilbo nor the wizard, Gandalf , are aware at this point that Bilbo's magic ring is the One Ring, forged by the Dark Lord Sauron. Synopsis Middle-earth during the Third Age The Lord of the Rings takes up the story about 60 years after the end of The Hobbit. The story begins in the first volume, The Fellowship of the Ring , when Frodo Baggins , Bilbo's adoptive heir, came into possession of Bilbo's magic ring. Bilbo's old friend, Gandalf the Grey , who got Bilbo involved in the adventures in The Hobbit that led to the discovery of the Ring, discovered that it was in fact the One Ring , the instrument of Sauron's power and the object for which the Dark Lord has been searching for most of the Third Age, and which corrupted others with desire for it and the power it held. Sauron sent the sinister Ringwraiths, in the guise of riders in black, to the Shire , Frodo's native land, in search of the Ring. Frodo escaped, with the help of his loyal gardener Sam Gamgee and three close friends, Merry Brandybuck , Pippin Took , and Fatty Bolger . While Fatty acted as decoy for the Ringwraiths, Frodo and the others set off to take the Ring to the Elven haven of Rivendell . They were aided by the enigmatic Tom Bombadil , who saved them from Old Man Willow and took them in for a few days of feasting, rest, and counsel. At the town of Bree , Frodo's party was joined by a man called "Strider", who was revealed, in a letter left by Gandalf at the local inn for Frodo, to be Aragorn , the heir to the kingships of Gondor and Arnor , two great realms founded by the Númenórean exiles. Aragorn led the hobbits to Rivendell on Gandalf's request. However, Frodo was gravely wounded by the leader of the Ringwraiths, though he managed to recover under the care of the Half-elven lord Elrond . In Rivendell, the hobbits also learned that Sauron's forces could only be resisted if Aragorn took up his inheritance and fulfilled an ancient prophecy by wielding the sword Andúril , which had been forged anew from the shards of Narsil , the sword that cut the Ring from Sauron's finger in the Second Age. A high council , attended by representatives of the major races of Middle-earth; Elves, Dwarves, and Men, and presided over by Elrond, decide that the only course of action that can save Middle-earth is to destroy the Ring by taking it to Mordor and casting it into Mount Doom , where it was forged. Frodo volunteered for the task, and a " Fellowship of the Ring " were formed to aid him — consisting of Frodo, his three Hobbit companions, Gandalf, Aragorn, Boromir of Gondor, Gimli the Dwarf, and Legolas the Elf. Their journey took them through the Mines of Moria , where they were being followed by the wretched creature Gollum , whom Bilbo had met in the Goblin-caves of the Misty Mountains years before. (The full tale of their meeting is told in The Hobbit.) Gollum long possessed the Ring before it passed to Bilbo. Gandalf explained that Gollum belonged to a people "of hobbit-kind" before he came upon the Ring, which corrupted him. A slave to the Ring's evil power, Gollum desperately sought to regain his "Precious." As they proceeded through the Mines, Pippin unintentionally betrayed their presence and the party was attacked by creatures of Sauron. Gandalf battled a giant subterranean demon, the Balrog , and fell into a deep chasm, apparently to his death. Escaping from Moria, the Fellowship, now led by Aragorn, go to the Elven realm of Lothlórien . Here, the Lady Galadriel showed Frodo and Sam visions of the past, present, and future. Frodo also saw the Eye of Sauron , a metaphysical expression of Sauron himself, and Galadriel was tempted by the Ring. By the end of the first volume, after the Fellowship has travelled along the great River Anduin , Frodo decided to continue the trek to Mordor on his own, largely due to the Ring's growing influence on Boromir; however, the faithful Sam insisted on going with him. In the second volume, The Two Towers , a parallel story, told in the first book of the volume, details the exploits of the remaining members of the Fellowship who aided the country of Rohan in its war against the emerging evil of Saruman , leader of the Order of Wizards, who wanted the Ring for himself. At the start of the first book, the Fellowship was further scattered; Merry and Pippin were captured by Sauron and Saruman's orcs, Boromir was mortally wounded defending them, and Aragorn and the others went off in pursuit of their captors. The three met Gandalf, who has returned to Middle-earth as "Gandalf the White": they found out that he slew the Balrog of Moria, and although the battle also proved fatal to Gandalf, he was then sent back and "reborn" as a more imposing figure. At the end of the first book, Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli helped defeat Saruman's armies at the Battle of the Hornburg while Saruman himself was cornered by the tree-like Ents and Huorns , accompanied by Merry and Pippin, who escaped from captivity, and the two groups' paths crossed. The second book of the volume tells of Frodo and Sam's exploits on the way to Mount Doom. They managed to capture and "tame" Gollum, who then showed them a way to enter Mordor secretly (as opposed to the Black Gate ), albeit through the dreaded realm of Minas Morgul . At the end of the volume, Gollum betrayed Frodo to the great spider, Shelob , and though he survived, he was captured by Orcs. Meanwhile, Sauron launched an all-out military assault upon Middle-earth, with the Witch-king (leader of the Ringwraiths) leading a fell host from Minas Morgul into battle against Gondor , in the War of the Ring . In the third volume, The Return of the King , the further adventures of Gandalf, Aragorn and company are related in the first book of the volume, while Frodo and Sam's are related in the second, as with The Two Towers. As told in the first book, the Fellowship assisted in the final battles against the armies of Sauron, including the siege of the tower-city of Minas Tirith in Gondor and the climactic life-or-death battle before the Black Gate of Mordor, where the alliance of Gondor and Rohan fought desperately against Sauron's armies in order to distract him from the Ring, hoping to gain time for Frodo to destroy it. In the second book, Sam rescued Frodo from captivity. After much struggle, they finally reached Mount Doom itself, tailed by Gollum. However, the temptation of the Ring proved too great for Frodo and he claimed it for himself. However, Gollum struggled with him and managed to bite the Ring off. Crazed with triumph, Gollum slipped into the fires of the mountain, and the Ring was destroyed. Finally, Sauron was defeated, and Aragorn was crowned king. However, all was not over, for Saruman managed to escape and scour the Shire before being overthrown. At the end, Frodo remained wounded in body and spirit and went west accompanied by Bilbo over the Sea to Valinor, where he could find peace. According to Tolkien's timeline , the events depicted in the story occurred between Bilbo's announcement of his September 22, 3001 birthday party , and Sam's re-arrival to Bag End on October 6, 3021 . Most of the events portrayed in the story occur in 3018 and 3019, with Frodo heading out from Bag End on September 23 3018 , and the destruction of the Ring six months later on March 25 , 3019 . Characters For character information see: List of characters Good (excluding minor characters) Volume I - Volume II - Volume III The Lord of the Rings was started as a sequel to The Hobbit , a fantasy story that Tolkien had written for, and read to, his children, which was published in 1937. [10] The popularity of The Hobbit led to demands from his publishers for more stories about Hobbits and goblins , and so that same year, at the age of 45, Tolkien began writing the story that would become The Lord of the Rings. The story would not be finished until 12 years later, in 1949, and it would not be fully published until 1955, by which time Tolkien was 63 years old. Tolkien did not originally intend to write a sequel to The Hobbit, and instead wrote several other children's tales, including Roverandom . As his main work, Tolkien began to outline the history of Arda , telling tales of the Silmarils , and many other stories of how the races and situations that we read about in the Lord of the Rings came to be. Tolkien died before he could complete and put together this work, today known as The Silmarillion , but his son Christopher Tolkien edited his father's work, filled in gaps, and published it in 1977. [11] Some Tolkien biographers regard The Silmarillion as the true "work of his heart", [12] as it provides the historical and linguistic context for the more popular work and for his constructed languages , and occupied the greater part of Tolkien's time. As a result The Lord of the Rings ended up as the last movement of Tolkien's legendarium and in his own as a "much larger, and I hope also in proportion the best, of the entire cycle". [4] Persuaded by his publishers, he started 'a new Hobbit' in December 1937. [10] After several false starts, the story of the One Ring soon emerged, and the book mutated from being a sequel to The Hobbit, to being, in theme, more a sequel to the unpublished Silmarillion . The idea of the first chapter (A Long-Expected Party) arrived fully-formed, although the reasons behind Bilbo's disappearance, the significance of the Ring, and the title The Lord of the Rings did not arrive until the spring of 1938. [10] Originally, he planned to write another story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the ring and its powers and decided to write about it instead. [10] He began with Bilbo as the main character but decided that the story was too serious to use the fun-loving hobbit and so Tolkien looked to use a member of Bilbo's family. [10] He thought about using Bilbo's son, but this generated some difficult questions, such as the whereabouts of his wife and whether he would let his son go into danger. Thus he looked for an alternate character to carry the ring. In Greek legend, it was a hero's nephew that gained the item of power, and so the hobbit Frodo came into existence. [10] Writing was slow due to Tolkien's perfectionism, and was frequently interrupted by his obligations as an examiner, and other academic duties. [citation needed] The first sentence of The Hobbit was in fact written on a blank page which a student had left on an exam paper which Tolkien was marking — "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit." [13] He seems to have abandoned The Lord of the Rings during most of 1943 and only restarted it in April 1944. [10] This effort was written as a serial for Christopher Tolkien and C.S. Lewis — the former would be sent copies of chapters as they were written while he was serving in Africa in the Royal Air Force. He made another push in 1946, and showed a copy of the manuscript to his publishers in 1947. [10] The story was effectively finished the next year, but Tolkien did not finish revising earlier parts of the work until 1949. [10] A dispute with his publishers, Allen & Unwin , led to the book being offered to HarperCollins in 1950. He intended The Silmarillion (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with The Lord of the Rings, but A&U were unwilling to do this. After his contact at Collins, Milton Waldman, expressed the belief that The Lord of the Rings itself "urgently needed cutting", he eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952 . They did not do so, and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff." [10] Publication For publication, due largely to post-war paper shortages, but also to keep the price of the first volume down, the book was divided into three volumes: The Fellowship of the Ring : Books I and II, The Two Towers : Books III and IV, and The Return of the King : Books V and VI plus 6 appendices. Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to these being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954 , 11 November 1954 and 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, slightly later in the United States. The Return of the King was especially delayed. Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title The Return of the King, believing it gave away too much of the storyline. He had originally suggested War of the Ring , which was dismissed by his publishers. [14] Dust jacket of the 1968 UK edition The books were published under a 'profit-sharing' arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits. An index to the entire 3-volume set at the end of third volume was promised in the first volume. However, this proved impractical to compile in a reasonable timescale. Later, in 1966, four indices, not compiled by Tolkien, were added to The Return of the King. Because the three-volume binding was so widely distributed, the work is often referred to as the Lord of the Rings "trilogy." In a letter to W. H. Auden, Tolkien himself made use of the term "trilogy" for the work ( The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien , #163) though he did at other times consider this incorrect, as it was written and conceived as a single book (Letters, #149). It is also often called a novel ; however, Tolkien also objected to this term as he viewed it as a romance (Letters, #329; "romance" in this sense refers to a heroic tale). A 1999 (Millennium Edition) British ( ISBN 0-261-10387-3 ) 7-volume box set followed the six-book division authored by Tolkien, with the Appendices from the end of The Return of the King bound as a separate volume. The letters of Tolkien appeared on the spines of the boxed set which included a CD. To coincide with the film release, a new version of this popular edition was released featuring images from the films, such as: I - Frodo climbing the steps to Bag End II - Aragorn and Arwen in Rivendell III - Gandalf in Moria IV - A swan boat from Lothlórien V - A Black Rider from the 'Flight to the Ford' sequence VI - The tower of Cirith Ungol (although this image featured in many of the promotional books (e.g. the 'FotR Photo Guide') from the first film, it did not feature in the films until Return of the King) App. - Frodo's hand holding the One Ring This new imprint ( ISBN 0-00-763555-9 ) also omitted the CD. The individual names for books in this series were decided posthumously, based on a combination of suggestions Tolkien had made during his lifetime and the titles of the existing volumes — viz : T Book I: The Return of the Shadow O Book II: The Fellowship of the Ring L Book III: The Treason of Isengard K Book IV: The Journey to Mordor I Book V: The War of the Ring E Book VI: The Return of the King N Appendices The name of the complete work is often abbreviated to 'LotR', 'LOTR', or simply 'LR' (Tolkien himself used L.R.), and the three volumes as FR, FOTR, or FotR (The Fellowship of the Ring), TT or TTT (The Two Towers), and RK, ROTK, or RotK (The Return of the King). Note that the titles The Return of the Shadow, The Treason of Isengard and The War of the Ring were used by Christopher Tolkien in The History of The Lord of the Rings . Publication history The three parts were first published by Allen & Unwin in 1954–1955, several months apart. They have since been reissued many times by multiple publishers, as one, three, six or seven volume sets. The two most common current printings are ISBN 0-618-34399-7 (one-volume) and ISBN 0-618-34624-4 (three volume set). In the early 1960s, Donald A. Wollheim, science fiction editor of the paperback publisher Ace Books, realized that The Lord of the Rings was not protected in the United States under American copyright law because the US hardcover edition had been bound from pages printed in the United Kingdom, with the original intention being for them to be printed in the British edition. Ace Books proceeded to publish an edition, unauthorized by Tolkien and without royalties to him. Tolkien took issue with this and quickly notified his fans of this objection. Grass-roots pressure from these fans became so great that Ace books withdrew their edition and made a nominal payment to Tolkien, well below what he might have been due in an appropriate publication. However, this poor beginning was overshadowed when an authorized edition followed from Ballantine Books to tremendous commercial success. By the mid-1960s the books, due to their wide exposure on the American public stage, had become a true cultural phenomenon. Also at this time Tolkien undertook various textual revisions to produce a version of the book that would have a valid US copyright. This would later become known as the Second Edition of The Lord of the Rings. The books have been translated, with various degrees of success, into dozens of other languages. [15] Tolkien, an expert in philology, examined many of these translations, and had comments on each that reflect both the translation process and his work. To aid translators, Tolkien wrote his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings. Because The Lord of the Rings is said to be a translation of the Red Book of Westmarch , translators have an unusual degree of freedom when translating The Lord of the Rings. This allows for such translations as elf becoming Elb in German — Elb does not carry the connotations of mischief that its English counterpart does and therefore is more true to the work that Tolkien created. In contrast to the usual modern practice, names intended to have a particular meaning in the English version are translated to provide a similar meaning in the target language: in German, for example, the name "Baggins" becomes "Beutlin," containing the word Beutel meaning "bag." In 1990 Recorded Books published an unabridged audio version of the books. They hired British actor Rob Inglis , who had starred in a one man production of The Hobbit, to read. Inglis performs the books verbatim, using distinct voices for each character, and sings all of the songs. Tolkien had written music for some of the songs in the book. For the rest, Inglis, along with director Claudia Howard wrote additional music. The current ISBN is 1402516274. Influences The Lord of the Rings began as a personal exploration by Tolkien of his interests in philology, religion (particularly Roman Catholicism), fairy tales , as well as Norse and Celtic mythology , but it was also crucially influenced by the effects of his military service during World War I . [16] Tolkien detailed his creation to an astounding extent; he created a complete mythology for his realm of Middle-earth, including genealogies of characters, languages, writing systems, calendars and histories. Some of this supplementary material is detailed in the appendices to The Lord of the Rings, and the mythological history woven into a large, Biblically-styled volume entitled The Silmarillion . However many parts of the world he crafted, as he freely admitted, are influenced by other sources. Tolkien's largest influences in the creation of his world were his Catholic faith and the Bible. [17] Tolkien once described The Lord of the Rings to his friend, the English Jesuit Father Robert Murray, as "a fundamentally religious and Catholic work, unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision." [4] There are many theological themes underlying the narrative including the battle of good versus evil, the triumph of humility over pride, and the activity of grace. In addition the saga includes themes which incorporate death and immortality, mercy and pity, resurrection, salvation, repentance, self-sacrifice, free will, justice, fellowship, authority and healing. In addition the Lord's Prayer "And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil" was reportedly present in Tolkien's mind as he described Frodo's struggles against the power of the One Ring. [4] Non-Christian religious motifs also had strong influences in Tolkien's Middle-earth. His Ainur, a race of angelic beings who are responsible for conceptualising the world , includes the Valar , the pantheon of "gods" who are responsible for the maintenance of everything from skies and seas to dreams and doom, and their servants, the Maiar . The concept of the Valar echoes Greek and Norse mythologies, although the Ainur and the world itself are all creations of a monotheistic deity — Ilúvatar or Eru, "The One" . As the external practice of Middle-earth religion is downplayed in The Lord of the Rings, explicit information about them is only given in the different versions of Silmarillion material. However, there remain allusions to this aspect of Tolkien's mythos, including "the Great Enemy" who was Sauron's master and "Elbereth, Queen of Stars" ( Morgoth and Varda respectively, two of the Valar) in the main text, the "Authorities" (referring to the Valar, literally Powers) in the Prologue, and "the One" in Appendix A. Other non-Christian mythological elements can be seen, including other sentient non-humans (Dwarves, Elves, Hobbits and Ents), a "Green Man" ( Tom Bombadil ), and spirits or ghosts ( Barrow-wights , Oathbreakers ). Gandalf the " Odinic wanderer", from a book cover by John Howe . The mythologies from northern Europe are perhaps the best known non-Christian influences on Tolkien. His Elves and Dwarves are by and large based on Norse and related Germanic mythologies. [ citation needed ] The figure of Gandalf is particularly influenced by the Germanic deity Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff; Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an "Odinic wanderer" in a letter of 1946 . [4] Finnish mythology and more specifically the Finnish national epic Kalevala were also acknowledged by Tolkien as an influence on Middle-earth. [ citation needed ] In a similar manner to The Lord of the Rings, the Kalevala centres around a magical item of great power, the Sampo , which bestows great fortune on its owner but never makes its exact nature clear. Like the One Ring, the Sampo is fought over by forces of good and evil, and is ultimately lost to the world as it is destroyed towards the end of the story. In another parallel, the latter work's wizard character Väinämöinen also has many similarities to Gandalf in his immortal origins and wise nature, and both works end with their respective wizard departing on a ship to lands beyond the mortal world. Tolkien also based his Elvish language Quenya on Finnish. [18] In addition The Lord of the Rings was crucially influenced by Tolkien's experiences during World War I and his son's during World War II. The central action of the books — a climactic, age-ending war between good and evil — is the central event of many world mythologies, notably Norse, but it is also a clear reference to the well-known description of World War I, which was commonly referred to as "the war to end all wars." After the publication of The Lord of the Rings these influences led to speculation that the One Ring was an allegory for the nuclear bomb. [19] Tolkien, however, repeatedly insisted that his works were not an allegory of any kind. However there is a strong theme of despair in the face of new mechanized warfare that Tolkien himself had experienced in the trenches of World War I. The development of a specially bred Orc army, and the destruction of the environment to aid this, also have modern resonances; and the effects of the Ring on its users evoke the modern literature of drug addiction as much as any historic quest literature. Nevertheless, Tolkien states in the introduction to the books that he disliked allegories and that the story was not one, [20] and it would be irresponsible to dismiss such direct statements on these matters lightly. Tolkien had already completed most of the book, including the ending in its entirety, before the first nuclear bombs were made known to the world at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. While Tolkien plausibly denied any specific 'nuclear' reference, it is clear that the Ring has broad applicability to the concept of Absolute Power and its effects, and that the plot hinges on the view that anyone who seeks to gain absolute worldly power will inevitably be corrupted by it. Some also say there is also clear evidence that one of the main subtexts of the story — the passing of a mythical "Golden Age" — was influenced not only by Arthurian legend but also by Tolkien's contemporary anxieties about the growing encroachment of urbanisation and industrialisation into the "traditional" English lifestyle and countryside. The concept of the "ring of power" itself is also present in Plato's Republic and in the story of Gyges' ring (a story often compared to the Book of Job). Many, however, believe Tolkien's most likely source was the Norse tale of Sigurd the Volsung . Some locations and characters were inspired by Tolkien's childhood in Sarehole (then a Worcestershire village, now part of Birmingham ) and Birmingham. Critical response Tolkien's work has received mixed reviews since its inception, ranging from terrible to excellent. Recent reviews in various media have been, in a majority, highly positive. On its initial review the Sunday Telegraph felt it was "among the greatest works of imaginative fiction of the twentieth century". The Sunday Times seemed to echo these sentiments when in their review it was stated that "the English-speaking world is divided into those who have read The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit and those who are going to read them." The New York Herald Tribune also seemed to have an idea of how popular the books would become, writing in its review that they were "destined to outlast our time." [21] Not all original reviews, however, were so kind. New York Times reviewer Judith Shulevitz criticized the "pedantry" of Tolkien's literary style, saying that he "formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself." [22] Critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in The New Republic, criticized a perceived lack of psychological depth. Both the characters and the work itself are, according to Jenkyns, "anemic, and lacking in fiber." [23] Even within Tolkien's social group, The Inklings , reviews were mixed. Hugo Dyson was famously recorded as saying, during one of Tolkien's readings to the group, "Oh no! Not another fucking elf!" [24] However, another Inkling, C.S. Lewis , had very different feelings, writing, "here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron. Here is a book which will break your heart." Several other authors in the genre, however, seemed to agree more with Dyson than Lewis. Science-fiction author David Brin criticized the books for what he perceived to be their unquestioning devotion to a traditional elitist social structure, their positive depiction of the slaughter of the opposing forces, and their romantic backward-looking worldview. [25] Michael Moorcock, another famous science fiction and fantasy author, is also a fervent detractor of The Lord of the Rings. In his essay, "Epic Pooh," he equates Tolkien's work to Winnie-the-Pooh and criticizes it and similar works for their perceived Merry England point of view. [26] Incidentally, Moorcock met both Tolkien and Lewis in his teens and claims to have liked them personally, even though he does not admire them on artistic grounds. More recently, critical analysis has focused on Tolkien's experiences in the First World War ; writers such as John Garth in 'Tolkien and the Great War', Janet Brennan Croft and Tom Shippey all look in detail at this aspect and compare the imagery, mental landscape and traumas in Lord of the Rings with those experienced by soldiers in the trenches and the history of the Great War. John Carey, formerly Merton Professor of English Literature at Oxford University, speaking in April 2003 on the BBC "Big Read" programme which voted Lord of the Rings "Britain's best-loved book", said that "Tolkien's writing is essentially a species of war literature; not as direct perhaps as Wilfred Owen, or as solid as some, but very, very interesting as that — the most solid reflection on war experiences written up as fantasy." The Lord of the Rings, despite not being published in paperback until the 1960s, sold well in hardback. [27] In 1957 it was awarded the International Fantasy Award . Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. [28] In the 2003 "Big Read" survey conducted by the BBC , The Lord of the Rings was found to be the "Nation's Best-loved Book". Australians voted The Lord of the Rings "My Favourite Book" in a 2004 survey conducted by the Australian ABC. [29] In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite "book of the millennium". [30] In 2002 Tolkien was voted the ninety-second "greatest Briton" in a poll conducted by the BBC, and in 2004 he was voted thirty-fifth in the SABC3's Great South Africans, the only person to appear in both lists. His popularity is not limited just to the English-speaking world: in a 2004 poll inspired by the UK’s "Big Read" survey, about 250,000 Germans found The Lord of the Rings to be their favourite work of literature. [31] Adaptations Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings has been adapted for film, radio and stage multiple times. The book has been adapted for radio three times. In 1955 and 1956, the British Broadcasting Company ( BBC ) broadcast The Lord of the Rings , a 12-part radio adaptation of the story, of which no recording has survived. A 1979 dramatization of The Lord of the Rings was broadcast in the United States and subsequently issued on tape and CD. In 1981 the BBC broadcast, The Lord of the Rings , a new dramatization in 26 half-hour installments. Three film adaptations have been made. The first was J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi , the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story (hence its original title, The Lord of the Rings Part 1). It covers The Fellowship of the Ring and part of The Two Towers. The second, The Return of the King (1980), was an animated television special by Rankin-Bass , who had produced a similar version of The Hobbit (1977). The third was director Peter Jackson 's live action The Lord of the Rings film trilogy , produced by New Line Cinema and released in three installments as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). The live-action film trilogy has done much in particular to bring the book into the public consciousness. [9] There have been four stage productions based on the book. Three original full-length stage adaptations of The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003) were staged in Cincinnati, Ohio . A stage musical adaptation of The Lord of the Rings (2006) was staged in Toronto, Canada. Influences on the fantasy genre Following the massive success of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien considered a sequel entitled The New Shadow , in which the Men of Gondor turn to dark cults and consider an uprising against Aragorn's son, Eldarion . Tolkien decided not to do it, and the incomplete story can be found in The Peoples of Middle-earth . Tolkien returned to finish his mythology, which was published in novel form posthumously by Christopher Tolkien in 1977 , and the remaining information of his legendarium was published through Unfinished Tales ( 1980 ) and The History of Middle-earth , a 12 volume series published from 1983 to 1996 , of which The Peoples of Middle-earth is part. Nonetheless, the enormous popularity of Tolkien's epic saga greatly expanded the demand for fantasy fiction. Largely thanks to The Lord of the Rings, the genre flowered throughout the 1960s. Many other books in a broadly similar vein were published (including the Earthsea books of Ursula K. Le Guin, the Thomas Covenant novels of Stephen R. Donaldson), and in the case of the Gormenghast books by Mervyn Peake, and The Worm Ouroboros by E. R. Eddison, rediscovered. [citation needed] It also strongly influenced the role playing game industry which achieved popularity in the 1970s with Dungeons & Dragons . Dungeons & Dragons features many races found in The Lord of the Rings most notably the presence of halflings , elves, dwarves, half-elves , orcs , and dragons. However, Gary Gygax, lead designer of the game, maintains that he was influenced very little by The Lord of the Rings, stating that he included these elements as a marketing move to draw on the then-popularity of the work. [32] The Lord of the Rings also has influenced Magic: The Gathering. The Lord of the Rings has also influenced the creation of various video games, including Baldur's Gate, Everquest, The Elder Scrolls, Neverwinter Nights, and the Warcraft series, [33] as well as video games set in Middle-earth itself. As in all artistic fields, a great many lesser derivatives of the more prominent works appeared. The term "Tolkienesque" is used in the genre to refer to the oft-used and abused storyline of The Lord of the Rings: a group of adventurers embarking on a quest to save a magical fantasy world from the armies of an evil " dark lord ," and is a testament to how much the popularity of these books has increased, since many critics initially decried it as being "Wagner for children" (a reference to the Ring Cycle) — an especially interesting commentary in light of a possible interpretation of the books as a Christian response to Wagner. [34] The work has also had an influence upon such science fiction authors as Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke. In fact, Clarke (who compared it to Frank Herbert's Dune [35] ) makes a reference to Mount Doom in his work 2061: Odyssey Three.[ citation needed ] Tolkien also influenced George Lucas' Star Wars films. . [36] Pop culture references Main article: Middle-earth in popular culture The Lord of the Rings has had a profound and wide-ranging impact on popular culture, from its publication in the 1950s, but especially throughout the 1960s and 1970s, where young people embraced it as a countercultural saga. Its influence has been vastly extended in the present day, thanks to the Peter Jackson live-action films. Well known examples include "Frodo Lives!" and "Gandalf for President", two phrases popular among American Tolkien fans during the 1960s and 1970s, [37] "Ramble On", " The Battle of Evermore ", and " Misty Mountain Hop ", three compositions by the British rock band Led Zeppelin that contain explicit references to The Lord of the Rings (with others, such as "Stairway to Heaven", alleged by some to contain such), "Rivendell", a song about the joys of a stay at the Elven haven by the band Rush]] (found on their album Fly by Night, 1975), "Lord of the Rings" and "Gandalf the Wizard" by the German power metal band Blind Guardian (who have also produced a Silmarillion-inspired album, Nightfall in Middle-Earth ), nearly the entire discography of Austrian black metal band Summoning (who have also looked to other Tolkien works for inspiration) [38] Rock band Marillion also take their name from Tolkien's Silmarillion. The Lord of the Rings-themed editions of popular board games (e.g., Risk: Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition , chess and Monopoly), [39] and parodies such as Bored of the Rings , produced for the Harvard Lampoon, and the South Park episode " The Return of the Lord of the Rings to the Two Towers ". Regions of Middle-earth	i don't know
DASHING AT HARDY (anagram of a Grammy winning song)	Internet Anagram Server : Anagrams by Pinchas Aronas The cougar = or Huge cat Alibi = I bail Oscar statue = To ace US star Spermicide = I crimp seed The Titanic disaster = Death, it starts in ice Egalitarian = Anti-regalia Singer Maria Callas = All screaming arias The Cuban cigars = Thus, a big cancer Claustrophobia = Car, ship, loo - tabu Painter Fernand Leger = Prefer 'Engine Land' art Sir Stanley Matthews = Means star with style Crime novelist = Trims violence Diego Maradona = An arm? Good idea! The pornographic websites = It's her boring peep show act Last wish = This's law = With lass Fashion designer = Fine rig and shoes = Oh, gain fine dress! The astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus = Space motion: our Earth circles Sun, no? = Space's our home. I learn construction. The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot = New chemists often active out there, in Zion = A home of true Zetetics & new inventions itch [Zetetic - a seeker] The famous American actor Charlie Chaplin = On air, the small chap of true archaic cinema Olympiad = I do my lap Actor Sylvester Stallone = Very cool talentless star God is everywhere = WORD giver, he eyes! Great city of London = Root city of England = No clarity, fog noted 'Aerosmith' = More A hits Certainly not = Can't rely on it Chairman Gates = A magnate's rich Charles Darwin's theory of evolution = Soul of vital, narrow, chosen heredity Miss Serena Williams = Win slam, smile arises The video camera = A home art device Actor Sidney Poitier = One Oscar. 'Pity, I tried!' The Costa Brava region of Spain = Anchoring of private sea-boats Generalissimo = Legions, armies Bermuda triangle = Mirage & brutal end Parodist = I do parts Sir Lancelot and Guinevere = Intrigues can end real love Spanish senorita = She's not Parisian The group 'Guns'n'Roses' = Ogre runs up the songs Hebrew University of Jerusalem = Sure, our very able Jewish men fit Great Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa' = or Versed Italian man's 'La Gioconda' = 'La Gioconda'. As normal, rates -DIVINE = One arrant diva's smile - 'La Gioconda' William Westmoreland = Well, solid wartime man = I will lead war moments To cast pearls before swine = Can refer to possible waste Singer Billy Ocean = Really sonic being Painter Michelangelo Buonarroti = Heart into marble or upon a ceiling Carte blanche = Cancel the bar The aftermath of Katrina = Take that hat off, mariner The Gambino family = Might be Mafia only ...and they lived happily ever after = Delivered that very happy finale Arctic expedition = An exotic iced trip Michel Salgado = He'd claim goals Actor Robin Williams = Clown or a bit similar Motion picture 'A beautiful mind' = Delirium but a fine computation Greenwich station = Whence I got trains Confessional = On scale of sin French composer Claude Achille Debussy = A bunch of classic cheery model preludes Actress Maria Schneider = Dame is a rich screen star The French riots = Torch, then fires Riots in French capital = Conflict in Paris heart Private detective Sherlock Holmes = Let's harm the evil deceptive crooks! The true meaning of Christmas = Feast & other charming minutes = She for using time at merchant = Unearth gifts & memories, chant... = Cherish a great moment, it's fun! South American countries = He came to tour Inca's ruins Actor Louis De Funes = Fatuous screen-idol The famous animator Walt Disney = Author of tiny sweet/mad animals The Golden Globe Awards Ceremonial = Other adorable cinema legends glow 'Ivanhoe' by Sir Walter Scott = His best war-atrocity novel = Brave hero in a costly twist = Best historic novel (art way) = War-taste by historic novel A sore throat = Orators hate The Simpson's cartoons = Spastic Homer, snot son... Poltergeist = It spelt 'ogre' The President of the United States of America George Walker Bush = A gangster from the White House undertakes debate-free politics Heathrow Airport, London = Rain? Hop to another world! 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A somersault = Use arms a lot The actress Meryl Streep = Respect her master style Hyundai Entourage = Genuine hardy auto A night to remember = The big rare moment Mideast = Mad site A motor vehicle = Oil the car & move A person morbidly concerned with his health = Er...man bothered with illness? Hypochondriac! Carnegie Hall in New York city = I hear concert. Likely yawning Stanley Laurel and Oliver Hardy = 'Heavy and Lean' is ultra-drollery! (Kirk Douglas) Issur Danielovitch Demsky = Hick is suddenly movie star There is no God but Allah = Slaughter, hate in blood Espaniol = Ole, Spain! 'The weakest link' = Think, talk...we see. Whitney Elizabeth Houston = Is not white, hazel...but honey! I am terrible with names = Wait, remember! Hi, Stalin! General Augusto Jose Ramon Pinochet Ugarte = Generates pogrom, outrageous Chilean junta The spirit board = Prohibited arts Middle Eastern nations = Nested in mad relations = Latin? No, darned semites! 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'Oliver Twist' by Charles Dickens = Accents British kid so very well Muslims face increasing 'Islamophobia' in Europe = I'm Arab, I feel repugnance, omission impious clash Eve Ensler's 'The vagina monologues' = Loose heroine's vulva engagements English children's books author Beatrix Potter = Can explore old kin stories through the rabbits 'Travels into several remote nations of the word, in four parts, by Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, and then a captain of several ships' = Adventures of noble Gulliver in different countries - arrival to short people state (war-maven) , Giants... hopes, traumas, finally - horses [The original title of Gulliver's Travels] Actor Stephen Glenn Martin = Prattling man on the screen = Acting person. Enthralment The professional dancers = Share floor and nice steps The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy = i.e. Giant spire on the way to fall A pressure mounts on Olmert to resign = Israel: No sneers, our ortten PM must go Martin Scorsese's 'The Departed' = The 'Desires Oscars' department = Masterpiece herds noted stars Sinbad The Sailor = Listen his 'Abroad!' = Islander & his boat = This old sea-brain Madonna Louise Ciccone = Nice music and a cool one! Kabbalistic = Is 'black' a bit The Asian = Ah, in East! Mary Wollstonecraft = Normally, wrote facts Suicides = Cuss, I die! Human genetic code = Get choice, menu - DNA 'The hunchback of Notre Dame' written by Victor Hugo = Great French book, vetoed mutant boy within church Love and Eroticism = No more civil dates Addition = AND, idiot! Members of Parliament = A PM Blair & some fret men = PM T. Blair & fearsome men = Amoral men, fibs, temper Captain Nemo = Ocean-pit man Writer Boris Leonidovich Pasternak = Historical prose, evident brainwork Is there intelligent life on Mars? = Those infirm little green aliens? The little green aliens = Real intelligent, these! The Walt Disney Parks = Wealthy parents' kids The film actress Sophia Loren = Oh, she a perfect millions star! Godless dollar = A lordless gold [there is no 'In God we trust' on it] Confiture = Once fruit Rossini's 'The barber of Seville' = Irresistible shaver of nobles The arhythmias = Hah, it's my heart! Bacon, artist = Abstraction Actress Uma Thurman = Human trusts camera Bush administration = Is brutish damnation The erection = To entice her Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun = Blond Frau had an evil rat Compensation = On past income The tornado destroys Kansas town = No roads and estates, thrown to sky The Kalahari desert = Heat, real death-risk Walt Disney,'The Lion King' = Ain't the kids yelling now! Livres = Silver The 'Live Earth' concerts = Recent vocal hits there Model Paris Hilton = Poor mind is lethal Pentagon leaders' ambition = End to Palestinian embargo His harem = Share him Suite 'Pictures at an exhibition' = Hear it, it is nice tunes about pix Eating kosher = Seeking Torah = Eager to knish Federal Republic of Germany = Friendly place for a beer-mug Walt Disney's movie 'The Lion King' = Moving! Now all tiny kids see it, eh? This great nation of ours = O, (for the ignorant) it's USA! Hideous man = In madhouse Hurricane Flossie = Careful, is inshore! = Oh, insure life, cars! Michael Praetorius = I hear real top music Sting and 'The Police' = Taped nice long hits = This poetic England! Osama Bin Laden urges Americans to convert = Once again a 'reverent' Muslim on broadcasts Singer Luciano Pavarotti = Curtains to a living opera = Top, raising, natural voice = On air pure, giant vocalist Siad Barre = Arab is Red Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California = Broad long avenue traces false illusions Beautiful woman = But I am awful one! The Ebola viruses = Those abuse liver Noriega = I an ogre Roadside bombing in Baghdad = Odd Arabs did 'big bang' in home Maccabi 'Elite' Tel-Aviv = Civil, active, able team Forty two thousand and one hundred ninety five meters = Defines marathon run. Not thy event, dud - is not for weedy! Harry Potter, Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger = A master hero, worrying partner, gal - learned hoyden Free online dating service = Easier love-finding center James Fenimore Cooper = Rejoice, me man of prose! = Major income - prose-fee 'The last of the Mohicans' = O, that man! 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Experimentations = Strip, examine, note = Exam entire points Sexually transmitted disease = Tenet: mixed lays result as AIDS 'Oprah Winfrey Network' = Ratify her known power Coteries = O, I secret! Greek hero Achilles = Reck, sir! Go heal heel! 'Rolling Stones' band = Real, not blind songs A pioneer neurologist Sigmund Freud = Grip genuine, rude solution of dreams Real sex = Relaxes Breach of promise = Boors, I'm free chap! Alexander the Great = Dare that ex-general Memories of Italy = So I, my life at Rome The female orgasms = Her most false game Composer Claude Achille Debussy = Cosy, coddle, pleasurable music, eh! 'The flight of the bumble bee' by N. Rimsky-Korsakov = Best flying rhythm took from beehive. Skulk, babe! Megabytes = By me (Gates) The stratagem = Gee! smart, that! = That gamester! The sadomasochist = So, I do the 'smash' act Schumacher = Cars chum, eh? Bruce Springsteen = Creep brings tunes Orchitis = O, sir, itch! = Oi, Christ! Little Red Riding Hood = O, Lord! The nit girl died?! Goldilocks and the three bears = Her snack good as her little bed Renault Chamade = A cruel death, man! Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas = No happiness at Middle East - I numb Arab Cabernet Sauvignon = Consent in vague bar Marlborough Galleries = All rooms huger, real big! Electric Light Orchestra = Recollect rich, great hits The latex condoms = Man clothed to sex Robert Schumann = Born-charm tunes The late Antonio Stradivari = Attained that so rare violin Yellow pages = We sell, go pay Los Angeles, California = No angels, local fairies Cholesterol = Cell-shooter Hyundai Accent GT = Naughty accident Denigration = Die, ignorant! The prostate gland = That spot enlarged Christina Applegate = Her act? It's appealing! = It's her acting appeal The Mitsubishi Motors Corporation = I ship our 'motion hit' - best motor cars Conspirator = Rat, scorpion = I spot rancor An Oedipus complex = Ma & son? O, Cupid, expel! Christopher Columbus = Such trip, such bloomer! Ulcer = Cruel Charles De Gaulle = Such legal leader Chinese restaurant = Run, taste ashen rice Adam and Eve = Even a Ma & Dad Loneliness = Ill oneness I want to be your Valentine = Attention, I buy a new lover Paris Marathon = Sport-mania. Rah! The Mountain of Parnassus = An Athens famous top ruins Common slip of the tongue = The fouling comment -'Oops!' Famous director Steven Spielberg = Best films producer. So generative! Physicist Sir Isaac Newton = So sharp (in scientistic way) The Argentinian singer Carlos Gardel = Ah, legend! Real tango star! Nice ring, sir. The equivalent = Halt, quite even! Hooliganism = Ooh, is malign! = Oh, I so malign! Man can not live by bread alone = My blot - I need banana, veal, corn... The ampersand = Here AND stamp Extraterrestrial invader = Star-rider, extravert alien Italian duce Benito Mussolini = Noisome built-in lunatic ideas Demission = I done, miss Poet Thomas Stearns Eliot = i.e. has some top-sort talent = His talent rates poems too Dame Agatha Christie = Crime-death saga. A hit. = I head that crime-saga Admiral Nelson = Droll man in sea Admiral Horatio Nelson = To mainland - sailor & hero = It an old sailor man & hero The Eurovision Song Contest = Oh, singers & contentious vote! Singer Michael Bolton = The nice rambling solo = Ah, nice trembling solo = O, chosen, brilliant gem! Peter Shilton = The sport line = Post...three-nil!!! Arsenal Football Club = Bores all but local fan Boston Wanderers = Born sores... and wet Manchester City = Yes, cretin, match! Manchester City Football Club = Soccer, but bit melancholy, flat Love is in the air = Etherial vision The wishbone = Oh, bet he wins! Bolivian President Carlos Mesa = Damn, I act so irresponsable, evil! Carlos Mesa = Some rascal Chamber music = Bach! mum cries Police = Cop lie Singer Rod Stewart = Insert great words = Testing rare words Bristol = Lo, Brits! Israeli general Moshe Dayan = Is a real one-eyed largish man Singer Whitney Houston = She young, hot. It's winner! The Sony Playstation = Nations play the toys Chernobyl, Ukraine = Bear only rich nuke Enuresis = I see runs The marriage counseling = Egomaniacs ruling there Actor Michael Landon = Calm, land-action hero The famous vampire Count Dracula = 'A human-computer' of vascular diet Miss Venus Williams = Mum is evil lass; wins The millionaire Steve Fossett = O, his interests - love, title, fame! Tom Cruise = I'm sore, cut! The morning-after pills = Timing. Hell for parents Actress Sharon Stone = One 'stars chosen' star The American actress Demi Moore = Other sacred memories at cinema A feminist = Finest aim = i.e. Fits man Montessori = I set morons The Champions League finals = Face up, English men also a hit! Separate = See, apart! Bosnia = No bias = So, I ban Wilt Chamberlain = Recall - I'm with NBA Adroitness = In trades so Angel of death = Fatal end, eh? Go! Piece of mozzarella = Free meal - pizza! Cool! Revolution in Russia = It's Lenin, our saviour Dolce far niente = Entrance of idle = Near deflection Act of God = Good fact? Spanish painter El Greco = His art - apple-green icons Painter Francisco De Goya = Aspire good, nice, fancy art Walpurgis night = Hags twirling up Bermuda shorts = Red rash to bums = Stores hard bum = Read -"Bum shorts' The Federal Republic of Germany = My forgathered peaceful Berlin = Life of much large pedantry & beer = Peaceful? Bad energy from Hitler Suicide thoughts = Got such...'Thus I die' Lucy in the sky with diamonds = What idyl! Dinky, honest music! Shine on you crazy diamond = Yon I hear odd zany music, no? (yon - yonder, there) Virulence = Cruel vein Henri Matisse = See star in him Singer Charles Aznavour = Vulgarizes rare chanson The presidential elections = He needs political interest The Australian boomerang = A real bargain to some hunt Martin Scorsese = Sir, on set, scream! = Some nicer stars = Cinema or stress = i.e. Crass monster = O sir, smart scene! = A most 'Sir Screen' The Boston strangler = Er...best 'n' long throats Albert Desalvo = Bad, revels a lot Mafioso = So, I'm oaf Andrew Gigante = We trained gang Gigante = Gang tie Arthur Gary Bishop = I harsh, abrupt, gory The Confederations Cup = Audience fetch on sport = Then top soccer - fun idea The Confederations Cup finals in Germany = Flamy Argentinian soccer often punished That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind = Moon. Spoken as man from Planet Earth nails a tinted flag Sinecure = Nice, sure Chronic fatigue syndrome = If my dear resting on couch = I charge more dysfunction The decision to marry = Erotic man, he so dirty! Territorial army and volunteer reserve = Relevant military used over near terror = Really trained maneuver over terrorist Victor Hugo's novel 'Les Miserables' = Covers big masses revolution. Hell = Scriber to involve homeless Gauls Opportunity = Option up, try (or vice versa) The night before Christmas = Rich mother's gifts beneath Pastiche = It's cheap Spanish flamenco = Oh, man's fine claps! Pedro Almodovar = Poor loved drama To err is human = Is true, no harm Salacity = Is lay-act Singer Kylie Minogue = I like money, I snugger Hellas = As Hell Michel De Nostradamus = Dreams. Much details? No! = Had some incult dreams = Had inmost-clue-dreams Composer Peter Cornelius = or One proper select music Doctor Kurt Waldheim = Demur that wild crook! = I mocked Old War truth Emotionally involved = Love? I'm not in love, lady! A blot on the landscape = Had spot on clean table = Clean had notable spot = A spot on the bald-clean The ideal woman = Want ideal home A seductress = Crude assets William Butler Yeats = Subtle wily material = I write, but all measly Felicity Huffman = Fluffy cinema hit The philosopher Immanuel Kant = Oh, people, I'm last human-thinker! Lady Caroline Lamb = I morally balanced B. Shaw's 'Pygmalion' = Bow, smashing play! Peter James Crouch = Act here, jump, score = Jump, care the score = The pure 'soccer-jam' = The soccer & a jumper The forensic pathologist = I go into that corpse flesh Admirable? = I'm real bad! The consonant = A? No, no! H, N, S, T, etc. A Middle East's arm race = Mad tale, dire massacre Don't cry for me Argentina = Tragedy. An inner comfort The author Ernest Hemingway = O, there naughty man! He writes Miss Hillary Rodham Clinton = O snot! I'll marry childish man! = I still honor my man - lad's rich! The Boeing seven-eight-seven Dreamliner = Tried? Is never seen high above, gentlemen! The New Hardee's Monster Thickburger = Shocking murderer between the trash Le tour de France = Tend lure of race Iran: No secret arms deal with Syria = No crisis. We hate and martyr Israel = Strain war-machine! Destroy Israel! The airports warned about terror dry runs = True worry. Hard to insure bared transport South Korean hostage killed by Taliban = Kinky Arabs held Asian... He got bullet too Bush and Brown seek to establish rapports = That workable partnership bounds bosses Gesticulations = It's to signal, cue Silence is golden = Lies need closing The first love = Vet, life short! (vet - to subject to thorough examination or evaluation) Venial = An evil The dipsomaniac = I am a pinched sot = Cheap mind, I a sot The soused = He used sot The soaker = He rake, sot Shakespeare, the Immortal Bard = His poems remarkable, read that Documentary 'Arctic tale' = Not act, ice-drama, cruelty = Accent to truly ice-drama = One-act dramatic cruelty The chairman Mao Tse Tung = Giant man? Scum o' the Earth! = Chinese man taught - 'To arm!'= 'Nag', he communist at heart Urethritis = Ire...it hurts! Ecstasy = Say 'Sect' (not a drug) Michel De Nostradame = The mind-made oracles = Search and model time = Oracles, I demand them! = Clear mind, do the same! = Let him dream a second = Alchemist dreamed on = Had time-clone dreams Prophet Michel de Nostradame = Hah, I prompt demented oracles! Thespian, the greatest of all = 'Salt' of the pleasing theatre Green dollar = General Lord Vinaigrette = Tang, I veer it Famous Big Ben is being silenced for the maintenance = O, Britain's time-machine enfeebled; confuses banging! The actress Marilyn Monroe = Screen-honey, immortal star = Tersely, she romantic Norma = 'Salty', secret-man in her room = Rather solemn cinema-story Napoleon = One on Alp Soichiro Honda = Hi, I on car's hood! = Ooh... and I so rich! Roman gladiator = Lad got an armor, I = Lad in toga? Armor! Calista Flockhart = Lo, flat chick - a star! First Congregational Church in Neosho, Missouri = Horrific gun shooting. Micronesian secular shot Southampton FC = O, match's top fun! David, king of Israel = I advise folk in drag The Premier Tony Blair = Horribly intemperate = Me? I terrible, phony, rat = Or...Pity, he terrible man Solomon, The King of Israel = Look 'Throne families', 'Song' = Look for mine hot sign - 'seal' = Male's in song of hit-looker "The Birmingham Symphony Orchestra = Charming rhythm, best harmony & poise The Yucatan Peninsula = A sunny ethnic plateau Ryan Seacrest = Say, screen-art Kimberly Elise Trammel = Remember me? I talk silly The director Steven Spielberg = It brightest screen developer Rocco Francis Marchegiano = A ring-icon coach arms force The Great Britain = Giant tribe & earth Eight thousand eight hundred forty eight meters = Height of highest mount. Tens dare, get hurt, dry & die Samuel Pack Elliott = Like lout pal? Cast me! Sam Pack Elliott = I'll make top acts The University of Notre Dame = Even I in to study there for MA Yellow Magic Orchestra = Create show, claim glory The Olympus Digital Camera = Picture may halt old images = Aha, my gal, old-time pictures! = Aptly 'caught' & 'laid' memories = Aim - replay 'caught' old-times The Lamborghini 350 GT = Bring that, go 530 mile/h! Lamborghini Murcileago LP640 Roadster = The prim, long, glorious & admirable car = I 'pert', admirable, glorious, long car. 460 m/h The Lamborghini Gallardo Coupe = Ah, Latin Blood Glamor! Huge price!" The Lamborghini Countach = Long machine, but oh!, car - hit! Fantastic = Ain't facts George Frideric Handel = Hear glorified genre CD 'Who wants to live forever ? = No sweat! Revolver? How fit! The movie star = Votes rate him = Rave, 'I the most!' Advocatus Diaboli = To a bad vicious lad An orgasmic release = Scream, a large noise = Scream as eager lion = Agree, a lion's scream! = Er...scream analogies Arabian horse = He is Arab roan A blessing in disguise = Gauge bliss inside sin TV show,'American Idol' = Admire now vocal hits = Hear now timid vocals = or 'New maids vocal hit' The American Idol TV Show = There domain with vocals = Hear mild voices... whatnot!? = Watch hard emotions. LIVE!" Henriette, the hurricane = Hit uncertain. Here? There? The Mosque in Karbala = Arabs kneel to HIM (qua) The Acropolis = Ooh, past relic! = Relics. A photo? = Oh, a relic tops! = Oh, lost a price! = O, sir, 'hot place'! = Heroical spot The Athens Acropolis = Aha, protect holiness! = Oh, chapel is stone-art! Chevrolet Savana = Have 'Real-Cost' van Haruomi Hosono = Ooh, harmonious! Ryuichi Sakamoto = A hit or 'okay' music (musicians from Yellow Magic Orchestra) The late George Harrison = O, he hot! Great, real singer The Bin Laden's video = Evil Bin, he's not dead! The male reproductive system = There is matey 'love-duct' & sperm = Testicle have duty - more sperm Society for the Preservation of English Language and Literature = To save there affluent heritage - original tongue, lyrics and prose = Here to help save original 'tangy' dialects for future generations A message from Sheikh Osama Bin Laden to the American people = Pentagon: See this mad fool Arab peacemaker's lie. Shame on him! The Colosseum, Italy = Oh, stately Coliseum! The Colosseum in Rome, Italy = Oh, clearly, I momentous site! = Here it 'Socially Momentous' = Timeless 'monolith' you care = Some local ruins (the moiety) 'Treasure Island' by Robert Louis Stevenson = Story about never reassured billions-nest = Notably unarrested, true silver-obsession = Unrest, troubles, banditry on overseas isle City of Los Angeles = Gents say 'Cool life! = 'To fly eagles' (coins) Indonesia = 'Nodi' in sea (nodi pl. of node - A knob, knot, protuberance) Save money, live better = Very vital beseem note = Believe monetary vets = Interest evolve? Maybe (Wal-Mart's new slogan) Manuel Noriega = I rule & manage, no? Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno = No analogue to mean moron in ire Sudan Ebolavirus = Bad (usual version) Reston Ebolavirus = A troubles version Arnold George Dorsey alias Engelbert Humperdinck = I recorded really deep, glum, heartbreaking songs, no? = I merely produced general old heartbreaking songs The Rocky Mountains = My, one hot track in US! = County to hikers, man = Many think to course = Ah, country to ski, men! Nessiteras rhombopteryx = By experts: No-harm stories = I pry best hoaxers monster (Scientific name of Loch Ness monster) Justin Timberlake = Trim junkie bleats Myanmar troops hunt pro-democracy protesters = Army cops try to 'reap' & punch more demonstrators North Korea agrees to disable main nuclear facility = America finally gathered nukes-reactor's abolition A strangulation = Lungs - 'No air!'...Ta ta! The Major League Soccer = Just cool game + career, eh? Short Message Service = It charges some verses Voulez-vous coucher avec moi ce soir? - Lady Marmalade = O, my 'crazed' chivalrous audacious lover came! Love me! Madeira = I am dear = I a dream The London Ambulance Service = Men have concerned about ills The 'Olympiakos' Piraeus = Sport is a key, 'hale opium' Dungeons & Dragons = God, no sun & dangers! C(do), D(re), E(mi), F(fa), G(sol), A(la), B(si) = I add basic formal solfege = ...did a basic formal solfege Doris Lessing = Is golden, sirs! The Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation = Utilitarian speedy succor to harm, no? Southern California's sprawling wildfires = Afwul, rising, wild Inferno strips real chaos Southern California wildfires = Ah, worried officials silent run! = Arnold with officials reinsure Southern California = Oh, arson, lunatic fire! The California's Desert = It's real, fierce, hot sand Thomas Gerard Tancredo = Rah, danger to democrats! Edouard Manet = O, 'nude' dame art! Edouard Manet, impressionist = Is some nude maiden's portrait The famous pianist Richard Clayderman = Hefty & ardent, harmonic & paradisal music A modern romance = CD 'Enamor, Enamor' The long hair = Ah, on the girl! Umpire = I'm pure = Impure? The actor Mel Gibson = The combating roles = The acting bloomers = O, matching best role! = Blame Christ, not ego Medical prescription = Receipt rids complain? A severe punishment = Vehement pains. Sure A punishment = Insane thump = I spent human = U pen this man = Pain hunts me Splendiferous = So refined, plus = Nudes profiles A contradiction in terms = Concern: Smart ain't Idiot Hugo Almeida = A goal due him The Venetian adventurer Giovanni Giacomo Casanova = Ooh, 'suave' on a virgin, on a vacant dame, a teen-virgin, etc. Online dating service = Evidencing relations Eastern Congo = On green coast = Green coast, no? The National Geographic Society = So, a photogenic cheating reality The fascist Walter Richard Rudolf Hess = Fetid worthless rascal, fetid harsh cur = A retch! This world suffered this rascal = Fuhrer's-addict thief, worthless rascal 'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man' = By aim - to flatten land Kurdish rebels = Elder Bush-'Risk!' The Taliban insurgent = He unstable intrigant The Taliban insurgents = Able in anti-US-strength The crackdown could fuel Islamic insurgency in Pakistan = Musharraf's killin' induce condign new pious-attack-cycle A television writers strike = Is trite? Real sensitive work! A Writers Guild votes to strike = Disuse o' TV glitterati & workers Composer Ludwig van Beethoven = Hove top new music. Bravo! Legend! = Have proved - belong to new music Barbara West Dainton = Was in bad, errant boat (the second-to-last survivor of Titanic) More violence in Pakistan = Police makes nation riven Indiana Jones and The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull = Ah, join lucky H. Ford seeking distant lost mean land! 'Moonlight shadow' = Old hit among show Dancing with the stars = Winners had tight acts Show 'Dancing with the stars' = Test's hard. Which tango wins? Motor City named nation's most dangerous = Detroit: Nasty crimes amount's no good, man Bush says Mideast peace talks worth the risks = Such shaky worthless debates is trap, mistake The Annapolis conference = None chance for Palestine = Here connection & safe plan = Once free nations can help = Oh, fine plan to Renascence! = Once foes, therein can plan = In there, once foes, can plan = Neat chance for open lines = Planners of neaten choice = Hence, foes learn not panic Bush urges additional AIDS money = Mind out disease or badly anguish! Suspect in trouble before hostage drama = L. Eisenberg spoofs that Democrat bureau A Hothouse Effect = Oh see, cut off heat! A Greenhouse effect = Create huge offense Wiltshire couple Robert and Deborah Fry = Cruel part: drowned for their 'holy babies' (drowned saving their children) The cauldron = Lunch to dear Angina pectoris = Sore, acting pain = Giant sore & panic = O, creating pains! Giuseppe Mercadante = Pen a deep great music = Unpaged masterpiece A Harley Davidson motorcycle's = A dandy or classy motor vehicle The Harley Davidson motorcycle = Smooth vehicle? Contrary, deadly! Harley Davidson Motorcycles = Ooh, randy cyclists love, dream! = Dandy or classy motor vehicle That Chinese ball = This can be lethal! Elvis Aaron Presley = Say, real, live person? = I say, -' Please, love RNR! [Rock'N'Roll] 'I got my mind set on you' = My dingy emotions out 'Super Mario Brothers' video game = Our improved image - Brats-Heroes The Golden Compass = Most glanced hopes Robert Hawkins = Broken wraiths = Be warn, hot risk! The Will Smith's Motion picture 'I am legend' = Hero meets well hiding impolitic mutants Jehovah's Witnesses = Have "Jew's son" thesis Nearly 95 percent of the email sent in 2007 has been spam = Terrible anathemas seen on any finest PC. Help me! Isaac Asimov's science-fiction novel 'I, robot' = A case of bionic love, icons, activities norms The Beatles 'Yellow submarine' = Aye, their swell album, best one = We all see their best album yon Band 'Spice Girls' = Bad singers clip Rowling's "The Tales of Beedle the Bard" = Her whole, best, strong, detailed fable The Musical TeleVision = Have some illicit tunes = Listen to a live music, eh? = Ah, menu is - 'Little Voices!' The 'Animal Collective' = Nice vocal all the time The movie "American Gangster" = Is game: another agent v. crime Chris Evert and Greg Norman engaged = Changed grand rings over agreement What's a nice girl like you doing in a place like this? = Please, change this line, 'wit'. I'll kick your again! I do! William Roger Clemens = Clearing well memoirs = No crimes? Gem? Well? Liar? I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas = I meditate harsh, firm, magic snow = This air made the magic snow firm Every child comes with the message that God is not yet tired of the man = Heed now: Each minor states that Mighty devoted to his life, gets Mercy Last-minute shoppers = Hapless spurt, no time! Francesca Lewis = Carcass? New life! (12-year-old, sole survivor of a plane crash in Panama, December 23, 2007. Survived in the mountains for two days before being rescued) New England Patriots = Neat, top winners glad Kenya candidate claims rigging in vote = Raila Odinga is making decency vetting Indian reservation = Naive Red nation, sir Indian reservations = Dear natives 'in irons' Diana, the Princess of Wales = Scenario: Wife's death's plan Bhutto's son maintains her political dynasty = Toll: continuation, stays behind his Ma's party Acer Incorporated = I dear PC- creator, no? Levy Restaurants = Rule: stay 'n' starve The Neapolitan spaghetti = Note that shape - giant pile! = It's giant heap on the plate Spaghetti Neapolitan = He gets Italian pot (pan) = I hate inept long pasta! The Princess and the Pea = Her steep itch ends a nap = Peeress, nap and the itch The University of Liverpool = Pithily : Evolution's forever! Vertigo = I got rev The vertigoes = Go, hit Everest! Guidance's from above = Became in God's favour The Fast Food Restaurant = Short feast and 'Out' after = Affronts! hardest eat-out = Rats! Offhand eat out & rest Miss Miley Cyrus = My Muse is lyrics Elisha Graves Otis = His elevator is gas! Otis Elevator Company = Reactivates monopoly = O, many copies 'to travel'! Spider Biofuel = I do life superb! Week ashore = Here we soak The disagreeable person = Oh, see a real President! G.B. The macaroni = Ethnic aroma The International Space Station = Ain't spies alone interact on that? The American Indian = Hi, I am an ancient Red = Hi, I a red & ancient man! A mermaid = I'm a dream Lindsay Dee Lohan = Lady on headlines The Shadows = The sad show = Do the swash = We had shots The Immortal Bard, William Shakespeare = Aha, British male-writer maked all poems! Model Gabriel Aubry = Aye, dribble glamour! Ron Leavitt = Er...not vital = Into real TV 'Englishman in New York' = Known rhyme. Sing, 'alien'! = Mainly he known singer Singer Elvis Aaron Presley = Proven sir, I nearly ageless = Sales, perseveringly on air = A peerless sir, only in grave = I revere pills, grass. Anyone!? Singer Amy Winehouse = So, yes, I am huge winner! = Ear, my show is genuine Oligarch = A rich log = Rich goal The filling stations = Fits into giant 'Shell' Mango tree, Pa? - Pomegranate Gaius Petronius Arbiter = I got a super brain, it sure = But a pure satires origin = A rigour - I pen but satires Katharine Hope McPhee = Hear me - the phonic peak Impersonator = Minor-sort 'APE' A prescient = Can see trip... Natural selection = O, last ancient rule! Singer Diana Ross = Dear airs in songs 'Jesus Christ Superstar' = Just shares scriptures Nefarious man = So mean & unfair Hamlet 'To be or not to be' = Noble hero at bet motto The most beautiful girl in the world = True unforgettable doll is with him = Hunt the glamorous little bird - wife = Hunt for, 'till it the sublime dowager = O his true, delightful, brittle woman! Meditations = India; OM-test (OM -a mystic syllable, used as a mantra) Hilarious moment = Also humor (in time) The loyalist = To Hell, I stay! Pleistocene = Let's open ice Mother country = Turn to cry 'HOME!' Spain and Portugal = Latin-papas ground The Iberian peninsula = Pin-in earth in blue sea Nice self-portrait = On terrific pastel = Perfect art in oils Satisfaction = I so fantastic! = O, is fantastic! Golden medal = Mold 'A Legend' My favorite girl = O, it very firm gal! Queen of France, Catherine de Medici = Once efficient, hard, queer, nice dame Andre-Gustave Citroen = Sure, got invented a car 'Robinson Crusoe', novel by Daniel Defoe = Alone on obscure isle (nobody ever find) Nice restaurant = A rarest cute inn Roman Emperor Caligula = Peculiar man, moral ogre Famous actor comedian James Eugene Carrey = Joyous man made cues of great cinema career Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red colours = Our good old lovely Rainbow ingredients. Lure & elegance The continuation = It authentic 'On & On' The consultation = A cue 'n' hint to lost A spaghetti = Hi, get pasta! Bargain = A grab-in Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra = Clever read and amusive stage Endangered species = Presence sag, indeed Do you believe in love? = I been loved...I love you! Weapons of mass destruction = So, Faust (demon) pets war-icons Family bank account = Only buck-mania, fact Olympic Games of modern era = O, prim races! Gold, money, fame Storm in a teacup = A true panic, most Jesus Christ, the savior of the world = Oh, Teacher! His first words - 'Just love!' Economy = Money Co. Encyclopaedia Britannica = A nice'n'capable dictionary Adore = O, dear! New dictionary = It nice - any word! The new variation = Another view, ain't? American actor = Came-r-r-a, action! Israeli Knesset = Like Senate, sirs Rome was not built in a day = Word about means in Italy = Town made by our Italians! = Nay, I slow. A bad time to run = Warned at lousy ambition Abidance = In a "A..B..C..D..E" Testosterone injection = It sets erection on jet, no? Montessori system = Is more tests, my son Whether you like it or not = Hey, it lot routine work, eh? Poisons = So, no sip! The chicken = Check, it hen South America, Argentina = Here is a curt-tango-mania The global obesity epidemic = Impeaches to big belly. O, diet! The earthquake's epicentre = Technique rates - peak there Weather forecast = We care heat, frost... Perversity = Is very pert Old story of love triangle = Disloyal lover forgotten? The astronomers = There moon, stars! The sperm donors = Mothers respond Whitney Houston Greatest Hits = Herewith a hottest songs' 'unity' The modern city = Oh, dirty cement! The Arafat's burial = Ah, it tearful Arabs! The film animator Walter Elias Disney = All-times fine art; made his own reality = His name was made in 'reality for little' Lacoste fahsion = Ah, also fine cost! The dangerous chemicals = Damage, ulcer on his chest Ethan Hawke = Hah, new take! Confirmed = Mind-force Merry Christmas and Happy New Year = Er...my warm, shy phrase in dance party A mother = THE AMOR The last fashion = That is on a shelf = That is on a flesh The Spanish inquisition = Question (in hiss), hit, pain The Spanish armada = Rat, man, ships ahead! Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev = Thick Russian; cheek,high verve Andy Warhol = Ah, only draw! Sophocles 'Antigone' = Nice song, poets' halo 'We are the champions' = Hits' name 'We cap hero' = I hear-'Note, we champs' The Winter Olympic Games = Men try 'white magic' slope The Gordian knot = Dark & tight one, no? Mortal sin = It's normal? Falsetto voice = Fit to vocal, see The hormones = He + mother = son Animals = Lamas in The Gulag Archipelago = Right, a huge gaol place The singer Elvis Costello = or This gentle voice sells Vietnamese = Seem native Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station = Such terrible weapon. Any control? = Horrible waste up (not only cancer) Sony Playstation = As in past, only toy Appendicitis = It 'spiced' pain Windsor castle = Crown site, lads = Weird class, not? Hercule Poirot = Oh, truer police! 'Centuries' = True (since) Misogynist = Got in missy = O, tying miss! Metro Goldwyn Mayer = Wanted memory & glory The single European currency = They cancel 'green' in our purse Windows Media Player = We aim wonder display Marriage counseling = Arguing? No, smile & care! = Cleaning our mirages = Ruins, real magic gone = O, nice girl & man argues Sylvester Stallone in Rambo = Brainless malevolent story Beethoven's "Moonlight sonata' = Oh, seven notes at a night bloom! Pick famed Northern male = Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Carl Lewis = Races will Singer Placido Domingo = Moiling, doing operas CD Pierre Auguste Renoir = Art/Europe/Genius...I err? Painter Thomas Smith = Hi, this man - top master! Renault = Real nut? Joan Miro = I major, no? Oscar de la Renta = or Create sandal George Harrison = He's roaring ogre = or Go rehearsing The rehearsing = Sing there & hear Lee Harvey Oswald = Who leaved slayer? Hotel California = Rah ,ain't life cool? The security video camera = As it, to reduce heavy crime Relationships = Hi, it's personal! Contraceptive methods = Devices protect hot man The unprotected sex = Pox, tetter...Need such? The best things in life are free = Breaths, this feeling, fine tree... Adam and Eve in the Gardens of Eden = After maid, Heaven's ended and gone = Heaven; God defeated man and 'siren' = Anagram of 'Destined Heaven ended' Free school = Cheer, fools! God's Ten Commandments = God-sent damn comments The rutting season = Oh, nature's setting! = Oh, nature's testing! = True sign's HEAT, not? State of Bahrein = Fine, to the Arabs Theological discussions = God is classic solution, eh? = Logical decisions? Shouts! Fanaticism = Fit maniacs A soldier = I real sod (sod: man) The swimmer Ian Thorpe = I mesh & romp in the water The great singer Bob Marley = Best reggae - no harm & liberty = Mainly best reggae, brother! Booby trap = Poor tabby 'Casper the friendly ghost' - the movie = So, there festive grey child-phantom The gravestone = Sever, THAT gone Death by misadventure = Uh, end at very bad times! Painter Henri Matisse = See hit! Man inspire art = Praise his eminent art = Culminate deep art, no? The Shiatsu treatment = It easement? That hurts! The theological discussion = Idiots! In such case, go to Hell! Jose Antonio Dominguez Banderas = Sobered Don Juan. In magazines too. Great Britain = Big Rain treat Confessions = Foes, sins, con... The Bermuda triangle = I under threat & gamble = I'm - threat, Blue Danger = Rated 'Blue nightmare' = Grumble, it near death = It large-number-death God bless America = A sod begs miracle = O, bilge! Sam scared Emperor = Per Rome The Royal Residences, Buckingham Palace = Calm place. Here king's house, yard, cabinet... The Socialist Republic of Cuba = I, Castro, absolute public-chief = I, F.Castro, but plausible choice Chairman Mao Tse Tung = Scream it out - 'Hangman!' = Ah, communist at anger! = Not a China-master, mug = Most argute Chinaman? = Summon at Great China = Hang & tear a communist! The Socialistic Revolution = To us, it historical violence Lordosis = Sir so old The Great October Socialistic Revolution = Terrible, chaotic violence. So, it - "Tsar, go out!" Ayrton Senna da Silva = Annals: O, a nasty drive! Medication = Acid item, no? = Decimation Closure = So cruel The little boys room = Toilet (other symbol) Too many broken hearts = Thank boy, no more tears! All you need is love = Ensoul lovely idea! = O, an used lovely lie! The Spanish artist Pablo Picasso = Applies his hot abstract passion A bottle of whiskey = 'Key' of lowest habit = We obey to hit flask The Alpine ski = Slip, hit a knee The ale-barrel = All beer, heart! = Halt, real beer! Vituperations = A spit on virtue Hatred = Dr. Hate Marcello Mastroianni = Roll on, I'm a cinema star! = Install more Macaroni = Romantic roles 'animal' Artist Marcello Mastroianni = An immortal Latin actor rises = Immortal Latin star & scenario The Righteous Brothers = O, there bright 'shouters'! Killer with a badge = Delight, I break law! Kate Baker = Break & take (Ma Baker) Karma = A mark The Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud = His understanding of our lust (true image) = I understand that our 'rueful ego' missing = Heritage - Understanding of our stimulus = Understand that furious ego is ruling me Federal Bureau of Investigation = To nail free 'Bad, Negative & Furious' Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle = Noticed augural hints, or any? = Again, story around hint (clue) = It's our canny leading author = Real actions undying author The pioneer surgeon Christiaan Barnard = I run heart operations researching band We hear at void = The radio wave The Holocaust = Such loot & hate! The Holocaust history = Hitler, sot youth, chaos Women toilets = New stool time International signal of distress - SOS = Sign of disaster, siren on all stations = Sign of disaster. No lies & translations = Is a sign of disaster still on sonar net? = Listen on radio sailors signs & net fast! = Listen on radio fast sent sailors sign L.Leonov = Lo, novel! Director Milos Forman = Or record it so - film-man The ballroom dancers = Old notable charmers Calories = or I scale = A cole, sir? = Rice also? = As recoil Sir Peter Paul Rubens = Pure art, superb lines The discomfort of angina pectoris = I get chest pain. Oafs, inform doctor! The hurricane Dennis = I churn & rend in the sea Hipsters = He strips The 'Wildlife photographer of the year' winners = We shoot well: deer fight, piranha prey, eft, rhino... The Britain's Labour Party leader = Bear out leadership? Blair - tyrant Sir James Paul McCartney = Just play, manic screamer Goldie Hawn = Head in glow Miss Goldie Hawn = Single-show-maid 'Batman begins' = "I best, man!...BANG!" The 'Air supply' = Play super hit = Play pure hits Grigori Efimovich Rasputin = or Fighting imperious vicar = I'm vaporing historic figure G.E. Rasputin = Pig's nature The London suicide-bomb outrages = Boom! Continued slaughter, bodies Florence Nightingale = Rich, fine, gentle gal, no? Nurse Florence Nightingale, The Lady of the lamp = Lo, she our gentle nanny, medical help after fight The worldwide famous painter Rembrandt = Man drew, dealed with number of portraits Painter Hieronymus Bosch = Honor his name (by pictures) Shirley Temple = Silly temper, eh? = Er...they sell imp Parasite = As pirate 'Billy Elliot', the musical = Ballet. 'Lo, I clumsy? I lithe?' City of Saint Petersburg = It got-by perfect - Russian Michelangelo Buonarroti's 'The Pieta' = Lo, Christ on a petit blue Maria! He gone? = Ah, that religious one! Top, nice marble Retired = Er...tired Ultimate champion Yelena Isinbayeva = Oh, epic name! I easily beat many in vault Honorable Doctor Kurt Waldheim = Murderer with cool & bad look (than) Sculpturer Auguste Rodin = Nude groups is art, culture Sculptor Auguste Rodin = or A Golden Cuts pursuit Monsieur Auguste Rodin = Man is our stone-die guru Singer David Bowie = Own big ideas & drive Celsius and Fahrenheit = Each handles 'fire' units Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius = Sir assured his most renowned scale The motor racings = More cars tonight = Right, cars & men too Actress Julie Andrews in 'The sound of music' = In war-musical, heroine just defends scouts = Sis just want hide sons from cruel audience Until death do us part = Oh, part adults united! = Ends-up ritual? That do. Actor Michael Caine = Each action-miracle A golden voice = Vocal on edge, I 'There is a house in New Orleans' = No, these - lies. Area now ruins, eh? The City of New Orleans = O, fie! Only water & stench = Incoherent, low safety = Town of earthy silence = Town of hearty silence = Sincerely, town of hate = O, new reality - of stench! = Chiefly water-on-stone Gloria Estefan = 'Fire on LA stage' The magnificent pyramid of Cheops = Nice empty midget Pharaoh's coffin Writer Alistair Maclean = I rate war & criminal tales The London suicide-bomb outrages = Bad outcomes, odor in English-tube Lance Armstrong = Long 'n' smart race The American actor Dustin Lee Hoffman = Damn cheerful fact - he 'Tootsie' & 'Rain man'! 'War and Peace' by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy = Heroic battles and love... Anyway, pick love! = Piece: Wealthy lady N.Rostova back in love End of the road = Heed, to and fro = Done for death A typical Londoner = Pale lady or nit con = Dry, lone, no capital Spiro Theodore Agnew = or One who griped East = Oh, ignored East power! = Open war THERE is good = Oh, poor! New tragedies Nicotine addiction = In tonic-dedication Nicotine marks = Notice arm, skin... Florida State University = I avail interest for study The sin of adultery = Dirty unsafe hotel = Due filthy treason The artist formerly known as Prince = Crank's a nit performer with no style The Polaroid cameras = Sir made a clear photo = Clear photo is a dream Most Americans say Bush not honest = He is most nasty one, obscurant & sham Witness = It's news! Colgate whitening paste = An aseptic glowing teeth! The famous Greek mathematician Archimedes = Image of man that cheered 'Eureka!' is mismatch? Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite = I entail better & greater life News: Bush refuse to set timetable for Iraq war = Time, stubborn! Life show - sequestrate warfare! The professional gambler = Eternal big hope for slam = Foster big hopes, earn small = Ah, ill person, bets for game! An intelligent woman = Owning menial talent? Sherlock Holmes = He'll mesh crooks Eating a Christmas pie = Grimaces, antipathies Christmas presents = Stamps, shirt, screen... = Pet, cress, man's shirt... Bomber kills more than 30 on Baghdad bus = Blame on Bush and 30 'throbbed' kilograms Smart guy = A gutsy Mr. The indiscreet person = Is coherent, President Nordic countries = Ice-rind contours Investigator: US shipped out detainees = 'Goat' punished in States visited Europe (goat - a lecherous man)= USA 'pigs' hide it; sent deviants to Europe = Ado: Punished in States get Europe visit The Unknown Soldier = Link.(Who under stone?) = Keen now this old urn [link - a torch] [keen - to wail in lamentation, especially for the dead] The United States The Postal Service = The nicest letters posted via USA = Then it 'device' to pass USA letters The tomb of the Unknown Soldier = O, mob, think who left under stone! The naturists = Anti-shutters = Unearths tits Clirotidectomies = Code: erotic limits The females circumcision = Islamic mufti's coherence Scores of whales beached in New Zealand = Woe when obese crazed 'sea fish' clan land The Disney's 'Finding Nemo' = Tiny, designed fish (no men) Actress Sarah Silverman = Lass, as ever, charmin' star Walter Disney = I draw tensely Walter Elias Disney = Yes, I draw tale-lines 'It's a long way to Tipperary' = War nostalgia, pity poetry = I-patriot, yet play war song = 'Oily' past Giant War poetry Handle with care = Are held in watch Ancient = Inca.net American actor Tom Hanks = Man 'took' main characters Procrastinations = Airport sanctions Kobe Bryant = NBA-trek-boy Casino hotels = i.e. Lost cash, no? = Oh, steal coins! The professional astrological consultation = All giant stars position 'choose' local fortune = Stars location is local signal to hope & fortune = All stars are tools of an opt outlining choices Wheels = Slew, eh? Perish the thought = Hope - highest truth = Trust the High Hope A perambulator = A tour-able pram = About real pram The perambulators = Brats real home (put) A man is innocent until proven guilty = Naive, nut men paying on sin till court New military sensor can hear through walls = Army listens WHEN we laugh or train scholar = When on hall, army 'wires' can steal our rights = Warning: Hush her, army listens to war locale Augustine vulcano erupts on the Alaska island = Thousand great unusual lava plates on ice-skin Leyan Lo solves Rubik's Cube in record time = Rubric: I more skilly - about eleven seconds! Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmed Al Sabah, emir of Kuwait = As Arab sheik I had wealth, kif, ale, jumbo harem The famous black singer Stevie Wonder = A sweet-blue voice from 'night-darkness' [he's blind, no?] Totalitarism = A limit to tsar? The South American countries = Most curious ancient earth, eh? = Earth's to the curious Inca-men The International Morse code = Method to earn nice relations = Once, the main letters on radio 'Kinder' chocolate eggs = Gag-icons locked there The Republic of Ireland = I found reel-birthplace = Rich, top life? Endurable = I feel dear North public = If picture broaden - Hell = Beer - helpful indicator = I fold leprechaun tribe = Flinched tribal Europe = Hi, terrible place found! Martin Luther King day = 'Dream' I truly thanking = Dark men thingy ritual = Alright, dark men unity The Martin Luther King's day = Utterly, thanking 'his dream!' Michael Jackson = Claims he no jack Singer Michael Jackson = Home reclining jackass The Roman Forum = Haunt from Rome Carpe Diem = Mad recipe Archimedes of Syracuse = Assume. Research. Codify. = My focus - research ideas = My focus - a search desire = Measure of hydric cases = Fiery scream as douches The Winter Olympic Games on Torino = Competitions, only in grim weather = Right time to play in snow or ice, men! = Merit men go to win place in history = Imagine competitors, hotly winner The German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler = 'Father' of Hell, hating murderer Southern = Er...hot sun = Sun & throe = Nurse hot Norwegians = In snow rage = A snow-reign = Regain snow Scotland = Old & scant The Twentieth Winter Olympic games = New athletic meeting. My 'White Sport' = Oh, my! Wet emphatic winner gets title = My, wet champions get their new title! = Met the wiry champions get new title Solomon The Wise = Ooh, timeless now! Stacy Keibler = Ask celebrity = Racy, bit sleek Potato = To a pot A losing battle = Battalion legs (legs - runs away) Eurosport channel = Race, pool, then runs... Samford University = Study, a firm version Iowa State University = Tuition assertive way School of The Visual Arts = 'Hash', festival to colours! The American actor Clint Eastwood = Cool action at dramatic western, eh? = A smart, intact, ice-cool, WANTED hero Unsentimental = Meanest nut, nil O, Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo = Ooh, for remote hero-wooer, remote amour! Neil Percival Young = U R playing nice, love! The actor Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio = To the world I dear, rich cinema-Apollo Pantagruelian = Real Giant (a pun) Thomas Coleman Younger = Ay, man huge, cool monster! = O, some tough-larceny man! = Rough man locates money = Common slaughter, no? Aye. Monastic = Stoic man An ocelot = Lo, one cat! Oh, those Russians! = Oh, I hate USSR sons! A bad compromise is better than good lawsuit = That 'good war' impossible, obtain me sad truce New York Cosmos = 'cos money works! 'Sleeping beauty' = But pleasing eye Discreet = Secret ID The Sydney Opera House = 'A-y-e! H-e-y!' Here sound's top! Michael Jackson ordered to close Neverland = Cancel, then! No more cajoled kids or lads, ever! Teacher = THE CARE A golden opportunity = Apt option, only urged = It - open ground to play Window of opportunities = UP for wide options to win Achievements = Nice, save them Actress Maureen Stapleton = Late top US-screen star name No thru! = Oh, turn! A sore point = Operations = Torose pain A game of cat and mouse = Adage of a mean custom A palomino [horse] = Polo-mania Obdurateness = Sure not based = Reason busted = Be unassorted = Abusers noted = Be not assured The poltergeist = Teeth-split ogre Alain Delon = I one and ALL Astronauts = To a star! Sun! Cosmonauts = A cosmo-nuts The seductress = She erects stud The abstinence = Ancient behest = Best, enhance it Media = i.e. Mad Daily bread = I barely add R and B = Brand The movie 'Fantomas against Scotland Yard' = Story of hating asocial madman's vendetta City of Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad) = Decently framing, refer to big Russian port Joannie Rochette = Another 'jet' on ice [Canadian figure skater] Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, 'War and Peace' = His very tale. Weapon and love 'cocktail' A drop in the ocean = Aha, indecent, poor! = Er...cheap donation A four lettered word = Treated for rude & low A neatly turned phrase = Unearthed pleasantry A matter of negotiation = Fit to treat, no egomania Daintiness = Instead sin = Detains sin After nine months' pregnancy = More parents fetching nanny = Perfect son...nightmare nanny Irina Slutskaya = Italian? A Russky! Enrico Macias = I a sonic 'cream' Edit Piaf = If I taped?! French singer Salvatore Adamo = This dear Frog earns vocal-name Spontaneously = To use 'SNAP' only Rene Magritte = Greet mine art 'Benfica' = I FC-bane Familiarity breeds contempt = Many times credit profitable = Impatience forms bitter lady = Maybe price for dilettantism? = Flattery bedims imprecation = Compliment best, fair idea. Try! Hartebeest = Beast there Russian torpedoes = I use sonar & stop Red Casey Mears = A messy race = Seamy races = Yes, same car Champs Elysees, Paris = Simply see Arc's shape The disciple Judas Iscariot = I aid to epic lad - Jesus Christ The designer Vera Wang = Never wear 'aged' things! = Draw thee evening rags = Sew red evening rag & hat Thomas Alva Edison = Ah, anodes, voltaism! Actor Bruce Lee, The Dragon = Our belted character gone = N.B. - Great coloured teacher Seroxat tablets = Tabs set to relax Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate = My, my! A treat by hoax-drug! Scottish Soccer League = 'Celtic' outgoes chasers The actress Natalie Portman = Hot cinema star (spare talent) American Hot Dogs = or as death coming = Organ-stomach die Famous author Margaret Mitchell = I 'mum' of the rum gal Scarlett O'Hara A Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekov = Ah, 'Uncle Vania' script, 'Ivanov', other works Undressing = Rings nudes After us the deluge = Last huge rude fete Apres moi le deluge = Ego-rule: I'm pleased Robert Louis Stevenson = Sure best novelist, or no? Miss Procter = More scripts Adelaide Anne Procter = Nice and dear, real poet Theory of relativity = Oh, very fit to reality! Adriano Celentano = Once 'National Dear' Cleopatra of Egypt = Gal of top-race-type = Got top, pearly face Donatien Alphonse Francois De Sade = Fool sadist enhanced & reasoned pain = He added on lot of pains, insane scare Edgar Allan Poe = Read, all on page = All on page, dear O-three zone = Ozone there Honore Balssa = He's also baron? [Honore de Balzac] Old Bourbon = O, blood, burn! 'Stella Artois' = Total ale, sirs! "Stella Artois' beer = Best ale to real sir The US author William Sydney Porter = That writer usually 'imposed' O'Henry = O'Henry. What ideally put, rum stories! Agathon: Even God cannot change the past = Advance, that snatch-path gone...gone...gone Diogenes = I seen God = Ego is 'den' = NO is edge Charles = He's Carl The coach Steve McClaren = Clever Scotch, he can team Moody Blues = Bloody Muse! The poet Thomas Gray = Ah, get rhymes to a top! Siamese twins = Same, I witness The Roman Coliseum and The Forum = Mute remains of the loud monarch Actress Julia Roberts = So, I just cerebral star Best before date... = Be tasted before Battles in Somalia = O, Islam ain't stable! Mogadishu: Battles in Somalia = Abolish mutilations & damages! I, Sting = Sing it The sleeping partner = Genteel partnership My inamorata = I amatory-man = Maria, not May 'A million little pieces' = One simple illicit tale Active Merapi volcano = Overcome panic, it lava His fly open = Oh, penis, fly! Abnormal testicles = Cite 'A monster balls' Nice amatory verses = Yes, romantic as ever! = Some tears, naive cry = Eases, very romantic = Even my Rosie - carats! = See as very romantic Every Englishman's great ambition = Saving the Tony Blair's regime name? = Easily manage British government = Get vanish Tony Blair's regime name Onanist = Stain, no? = On satin? = Anti-son = Not a sin? I love you my darling = You grim, naive dolly = Your money, villa...Dig? = No, my dove, I ugly liar Unbelievable story = One brave but sly lie = One subtly brave lie = Even our salty Bible = Evils, brute baloney Contention = Not, not nice The singer Beyonce = Nice energy! Oh, best! Beethoven's Appassionata = He 'paves' best piano sonata The Apartheid regime = I merge hit, rape & death Morning erections = O, groins increment! The morning erections = Honoring centimeters = Rotten 'gnome' rise inch The fornication = Not ethic, no fair 'A spirit passed before me' = Poets iamb disperse fear Chris Martin = I rich 'n' smart The Coldplay = CD? Hell to pay! 'There's a place' = The real space The World Cup in Germany = Adept winner; much glory The World Cup finals, Germany = Wonderful players matching = Winner holds flag up, team cry The World Cup finals in Germany = Careful winning, medals, trophy = Newsy 'n' right place for Mundial = Grumpy French led, Italians won Dr. Gabriel Van Helsing = Brave, daring, shelling Exodus International = United on rational sex Mysterious Stonehenge = Igneous system there, no? Charity begins at home = The Hot Magic is nearby = I get the Basic Harmony = It teaches big harmony Prince William = A prim nice Will Pitta bread = Bited-apart The Principality of Monaco = If rich - on top; money, capital The first dance lesson = Hands...let feet in cross Mount Everest, Nepal = Ample stone, venture Tim The Hanger = The nightmare Oddly enough = Holy God, nude! The coleslaw = Hell, cows-eat! The Christology = To etch HIS glory Osama Bin Laden = One's bad animal Superstitions = It's stories, pun = Inputs stories Seattle, Washington = Elegant as this town! = 'English' town & a state = Town gains athletes = This, angel, East town Better than sex = Be the next star = Be the next tsar Infidelities = I defile - it sin = i.e. Find, it lies Rhinoceros = Horn is core Louis Armstrong (Satchmo) = Homo - Strong-Musical-Star El Cinco de Mayo = Nice day, me cool Naples, Italy = Ye, Latin pals I, Neapolitan = Open Italian Festival Cannes, Palme d'Or = 'Enacts' novel films parade = Means - First Place and Love The aphorism = Phrase to him Steps to recover from infidelity = 1. Strife, 2. - Find lover. Yes, competitor Naomi Campbell = I'm clean Aplomb Airways = Away, sir! Madonna, The Material Girl = Drat! Hear man, get a million! Stum = Must Carlos Vicente Tenorio = O, ever into Latino soccer! Coelho = He cool! The famous writer Paulo Coelho = O, some ethical powerful author! Leonardo Da Vinci's painting 'Mona Lisa' = O, on canvas odd Italian smile! (Pain? Grin?) Milton's Paradise Lost = i.e. Psalms to Saint lord Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz = Viz, big-well-hot-fertile mind, no? Philosopher Rene Descartes = O, listen, heed, search, prosper! Christian Bale = A clean British Breast augmentation = Mean: About tits range = Earn a mount-big teats The Roland Garros men's final = Gosh, real tennis from R. Nadal! Arthur Wimperis = I write sharp & rum Pythagoras of Samos = Moot assays of graph The actor Philip Seymour Hoffman = Hah, picture hero of many top films! The breaking of wind = We breathing? Kind of = How, after being kind? = Within fog 'n' bad reek Toni Luca = O, lunatic! Penis augmentation = One amusing patient The sixty-nine position = i.e. It is top hot sex, ninny! Vincenzo Iaquinta = Viz, I quite a 'cannon'! M. Ballack = Mack 'Ball' Elias Repin = Praise line = Aspire line Real painter = A later Repin The Russian composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky = 'Pictures': Sods, shop-rooms, rumors, Kiev's gate hymn, etc. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky = Russky gives me most top chord After the non-alcoholic beer = Oh, it clear! One belch, one fart The adults diapers = Ah, it's lad's turd & pee! The diapers = Reaped shit = Dreep a shit = Drat, his pee! = It's hard-pee = Ah, dirts & pee! Secret Garden, 'Nocturne' = 'Eden' runs great concert The Chieftains = Safe ethnic hit = Each hit, finest D. Hasselhoff = Dash of flesh 'Arctic Monkeys' band = A best 'n' dynamic rock Message in a bottle = Go & net best sea-mail Dave Berry = Every bard The famous chemist Dmitri Mendeleev = Hm, I divide & form taut elements scheme Sir Paul McCartney = Rap? Try clean music = Care, plan & try music Charles William Shirley Brooks = His books' charm will really rise Inspector Maigret = I get crime-patrons = Tapering to crimes = To pin great crimes = I'm stern great cop, I = Great in crime-stop = Great in crime-spot = Enigmatic reports = 'Greetin', I smart cop! = At crime get prison = I top strange crime = or I get pert manics The sexual shenanigans = Naughtiness, anal sex, eh? = Shag six, then ensue anal Shenanigans = Shag nannies Leadership = Raised help = Has replied = Is help, dear Lead singer = A legend, sir = Needs a girl Metropolis = Spoilt Rome Epidermis = Is deep rim = Rim espied The procurer = Er...he corrupt Orthodontics = This doctor? NO! = Roots, ditch, no? = Icon's - Dr. Tooth The funeral march = Urn (he left a charm) = The urn (he far & calm) The American = He ain't cream American businessman = Insane manic bears sum Espionage = I gape & nose Industrial espionage = I nose, tail, persuading = Ingenious lad's pirate The industrial espionage = On pure night I steal ideas Chief inspector Jules Maigret = Justice person, malice fighter = Terrific policeman. He sets jug [prison] = Proliferating justice scheme = Real, profiting justice scheme = In crimes get help for a justice Gravestone epitaphs = Stop. Heaven's gate. RIP. Personal website = Beware: pointless! = It's rebel's weapon = Beware, spoils net! = Towers plebeians Rats and mice = Reminds a cat The most powerful man in the world turns sixty on Thursday = True pix of untrustworthy, mindless, sham tyrant. He old now Piscatorial = Sail to Capri = A tropic sail Piscatory = I 'toy' carps A theatre critic = The act criteria Marks and Spencer = Scan, remark, spend Desdemona = Ado ends me Othello and Desdemona = She dead? No, dolt male, NO! The gossip columns = Menus: light scoops = English smut & scoop Fourth of July celebrations = Jolly count of Free USA birth British baroness Helene Hayman = Noble, shy manners here is a habit Learning difficulties = Significant field & rule A Mercedes limousine = I same sure nice model Pointer Sisters = Present sis-trio The liaison = A hot sin, lie Perfectionist = Not fit, PRECISE! Lady Diana Spencer = Plan easy riddance = Easy plan: Car + Di = end Chairman Mao = or 'Mama China' S. Berlusconi = Is cruel snob Infinitesimally = I fine, small, I tiny Isaac Newton's first law of motion = Wow, fools, inertia is constant! F = ma Ram and Zvonarova win Wimbledon's mixed doubles finals = Lad from Zion and 'bad' Russian woman blew involved mixes The old fart = Dolt father The monkeys family = My, he akin to myself! = I mean, they my folks = Aye, this 'menfolk' my = Safety link, my home = Yes, my 'hamlet' of kin = Anytime he's my folk = This 'men' my folk, aye Gladiator = A glad riot The gladiator = Go & trial Death! = I great, hot lad Pedro Martinez de la Rosa = Realize named road-sport = Matador? Ride-zeal person! Pedro de la Rosa = Real roads dope Tennis player Rudek Stepanek = Earned plenty & I seek ATP ranks Southern Beirut = O, there but ruins! War in Southern Beirut = Tie, win...Our Earth burns! Pictures from Japan = Re-scan Fuji ramp & top Author Georges Joseph Christian Simenon = O, Jesus, hang on his hero - Inspector Maigret! President Silvio Berlusconi = In depression (civil troubles) Advertisement = Enters TV media Orenthal James Simpson = Ah, male joins sportsmen! = She jails me! No sport, man! Orenthal Simpson = Sportsman? O, he nil! Mesdemoiselles = See models smile Impertinent = Nit in temper The battle of Stalingrad = Adolf Hitler at test. BANG! = That battlefield groans = Satan-Hitler got bad & left = Real fight.'Satan bottled!' = At all - big start of the end 'Don't leave me this way' = An old - 'Stay with me, Eve!' = Even - 'O, stay with me, lad!' Take showers = To wash reeks It's no big deal = Albeit, doings = Is tangible, do Scientist Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleev = I sided active involvement in chemistry Fascist Hermann Goering = I frenetic & gross hangman Hermann Goering = He - 'no grin' German The Nuremberg trial = Grab true Hitler-men! The writer Alexandre Dumas = It rather new deluxe dramas = Ah, rewritten deluxe dramas! The singer Ani DiFranco = I find canto & rehearsing = Her fine disc on a rating Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) = Maul & maim! (I had saucy class) Michael Drosnin = Donnish miracle = Do charm in lines = I lines-chord man Lee Tamahori = He? Late Maori The author James Fenimore Cooper = A totem & one major hero - super chief Stanley Laurel = True 'lean' sally Alexandre Dumas = Read, damn sexual = Drama & sexual end = Arm, a duel and sex The philosopher Confucius = Ooh, cup silence! Profit hush! Down and out = O, dud, wanton! Valetudinarian = Invalid? A nature! The composer Rinaldo di Capua = A honor & appreciated old music 'Be discovered, be a star!' = Rates above described! 'Temptation Island" = Damn it, pal, I on test! = Sand & intimate plot = Damn petit Latinos! US comedian Seinfeld = Audience fond smiles 'The planet of the apes', book by famous writer Pierre Boulle = About 'The Monkey Power'; if fat horrible beast rules people Cedilla = Allied C Island of Borneo = Far, bold, no noise Camelot: The National Lottery = Lo, nice to treat all that money! Auschwitz, Poland = Old Nazis up. Watch! The concentration camp Auschwitz, Poland = Rotten Nazi-occupants (which to damn) place Fisher-Price toys = Yes, terrific shop! = Yes, for this price?! Felipe Calderon = Nice leader? Flop! South Korea's capital city = Seoul. O, that capacity - risk! Bush makes transportation secretary pick = Thanks, precious Mary Peters!..Back to trains! 'Animal planet' on the Discovery Channel = On TV: nice elephant, cold snail, ram, hyena... Russian roulette = Real ruinous test = Salute or...U rest in... Cuisine Francaise = Fair, in nice sauces Senegal = Glen & sea Singapore = Grip on sea Russian Federation = One unfair disaster = I intend - area of USSR = Is in area of nut Reds Bahamas = Ah, samba! Honduras = O, hard sun! = Hoard sun Libyan Arab Jamahiriya = Arabian jail by amir, yah Tate Gallery = Legal art (yet) Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova = Soviet astronaut. Lack, have no men? Tennis player Maria Sharapova = A sharp arm, a naive personality The kidnapped Corporal Gilad Shalit = Poor sat? Alright? Handicapped? Killed? Disneyland Theme Park Resort, Paris = Kids, pairs and men play or rest there Low libido = I old, I blow The Russian composer = To hear person's music = Person to share music The angina pectoris = Pain at chest region = Since, got heart-pain Yosemite National Park = I look at many trees, I nap... = Tamarisk, peony... Elation! The lost city of Atlantis = They last? Total fictions! = Isle, not city that floats = They still too fantastic! = Yet, into facts, this - atoll = Honestly, is it total fact? Oscar Wilde = I scale word The author Oscar Wilde = Each word suit, real, hot The composer Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni = I bloom in nice, moving sonatas, hot opera American athlete Carl Lewis = Trace, I win all the male races Dante's Inferno = End after sin, no? Comrade Stalin = Lead-narcotism = Old mean racist = Nail democrats! = Old manic tears = Lodestar - manic = Lost Red maniac = It's clear, no? MAD! = Satan. Old crime = Me, Satanic-Lord The comrade Stalin = Death, not miracles = Hot scam, nit leader = Detrimental chaos Charles Goodyear = Hey, real car-goods! = Large cosy road, eh? Inventor Charles Goodyear = Very cool tire, has no danger = Oh, race & drive along on tyres! = A hero doing novel car tyres Comrade Vladimir Lenin = Criminal and more - Devil! = Real rival. Demonic mind The astronaut Ilan Ramon = Am star-nut, national hero The comrade Vladimir Ulianov (Lenin) = Revolution! He mad villain, Red manic The psychiatrist Sigmund Freud = I spurt chief night-dreams study The Colonel Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin = One 'allegorical' achiever. 'Guy in the sky' = Okay, I launch air-vehicle. Energy...'Let's go!' The composer Claudio Monteverdi = Renovator. O, he did complete music! Economist Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen bank = Credit to needy mums. A humane bank among humans William Tell = All-time Will 'Yankees' pitcher Cory Fulton Lidle = I fly in N.York, lope, cut, crash & 'delete' The statues of Easter island = It features last stone-heads = See heads? Astronauts left it? Statues of Easter island = Distasteful stones area 'Gulliver's travels' by Jonathan Swift = All stabs, joyful & thriving events, war... = Just thrilling novel, brave & fast ways = Just a fast swab: very thrilling novel = Involves aberrant law, 'justly' fights = Well! Slavery, nut fights, variant jobs = I 'fly' with all vagrants ventures & jobs The Salvador Dali's Art Museum = Ah, most valued, 'mad' surrealist! Rare meteorite found in Kansas field = Sure, one-of-its-kind material, and free! A Nightmare on Elm street = Some men-relating threat = Rots me, threatening male! = Entitle the ogre-arms man = He's ogre in maltreatment = Nit ogre, he maltreats men "Call me when you're sober" = My new beer & alcohol user The nuclear tests in North Korea = Then I learn: Rockets - threat on US Bush: I won't change strategy in Iraq = By that, questioning & searching war = We trying nice thing - to quash Arabs = Quote: Nay, I screw Arabs night-night! Israel: Flights over Lebanon to continue = So, in all this, bare violence unforgotten Arrest leads to discovery of Egypt tombs = Boy-pilferers 'add' to grotto (caves) system iPod turns five = It provides fun The law of supply and demand = Helpful way to spend and dam Fernando Alonso Diaz = Dozen finals on a road = Finds zeal on a road, no? The Royal Shakespeare Company = Okay, shape actors (men) play here = Men play each part. Hookers? - Easy! Troubles = Blue sort = Blot, sure Professional sportman = Man for oil & snap posters Finance = Can fine Tottenham Hotspur FC = The Top 'nuts' for match = The sport-match to fun Thomas Cruise = I sum: he's actor Thomas Cruise Mapother = Ah, sure! prime smooth act = Smooth act & supreme hair The Clint Eastwood's, 'Million dollar baby' = She won many 'diabolic' battles, till...O, Lord! Chivas Regal = Charge vials 'What do you get when you fall in love?' = You? That novel,'hallowed', young wife = Woo novel, healthy young/adult wife The Kissing Bandit = Bed-knight? It's a sin! Reamonn, 'Supergirl' = Purr mine real song = Pure, normal singer The Irish dancer Michael Flatley = His 'mechanical', ready feet - thrill! The Crimean war = A raw crime (then) Socialist party = Astray politics John Logan's motion picture 'The last of samurai' = Militant Tom Cruise along & of South Japan shore Aleksandr Hleb = Hankered balls = Hark! needs ball Footballer Aleksandr Hleb = 'Labeled' to hanker for balls Daniel Ortega = O, giant leader! = To gain leader Daniel Ortega Saavedra = O, sad! Ain't leader. Ravage. Operation = O, atropine! Wigan Athletic FC = Act. Fight. Lace. Win (lace - attack) Harriet Beecher Stowe = Brother? I care, he sweet Tourette's syndrome = No-modesty utterers = Rotten. Yes, most rude Forty four year old Bo Stefan Eriksson = Okay, 'buffoon' destroys stolen Ferrari Shaw's 'Pygmalion' = Ow, smashing play! The famous American actor Christopher Reeve = To reach for hit-movie-career he acts Superman 'Video killed the radio star' = Trivial, like the dead 'Doors' The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan = The Taliban official using her camps = The Russian-claim: incapable of fight = I main place of such Taliban fighters = US primal office chasing the Taliban United Artists Company = Sat top cinema industry = Top stars & untidy cinema = Cinema stars & top nudity = Top stars in cinema-duty = Into mad, nasty pictures = Natty pictures domains The London Lunatic Asylum = Many dull-nuts location, eh? Palmistry = Imply star New York Times = Key to rim news The New York Times = My, it hot news reek! = Remit hot, key news The rap music = Parties, chum! = "U + he = Mist + crap" That desirable communism = The somnambulistic dream The White House, Washington = Oh, within - HE, who guts Senate Undesirable = Ire and blues The impossible = I bet hope's slim The impossible dreams = Me hopes: I dreamt bliss = Diet problems, Messiah... The New York Post = Hook pretty news New post = Top news The American Society of Plastic Surgeons = Nice choice for ugly artists & some peasant Transcendental meditation = Attentions mental riddance = Acted internal 'No mind' state = Silence. Intent to add mantra = Tend to select Indian mantra The transcendental meditation = Trance. 'No mind' state. Let Death in! Killing two birds with one stone = Wit or kindness? No, I will get both = I sort. End is known - I will get both The Ouija board = Ah, I abjured too! Where is the land of milk and honey? = Handle thy new-kind of home - Israel Desperate housewives = So upset & we have desire! = Sure, I see 'a deep' TV show School board = Ooh, Lords, ABC! The pen is mightier than the sword = The sharp word hits eight - ten men, I Only the good die young = They gone, you doing old = Eyeing on youth, old dog? = None? You eighty, old dog! = They 'done', you going old The movie 'Casino Royale' = Holy America, it OO-seven! = Macho-reality of OO-seven = Oh, alacrity! I'm OO-seven Motion picture 'Casino Royale' = Money operations. O, it crucial! The motion picture 'Casino Royale' = I am cool spy. There, routine action 'Sealed with a kiss' = A hit (we sale disks) = Was else a hit, kids = Was said - 'Sleek hit' 'Unbreak my heart!' = Take me, nab! Hurry! 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare = A wile. My jealous heart is broken & impaled = A remarkable poem with jealousy, din, lies 'Romeo and Juliet' by W. Shakespeare = Said - 'Weep my jealous broken heart!' Mister Television = Er..visit & see Milton Mister Television Milton Berle = I'm little & risible. Seen more on TV The Guinness Book of Records = Source of Honored, Best & Kings 'You've lost that lovin' feeling' = A hit. Love song. Fit, lovely tune = Eventually, love shifting too = Love is love. Nothing fault, yet = Gave it. Fully into honest love = They veto, oust 'Falling in love' = It you - love slave? Nothing left? = Visually, Eve, nothing left too = You shall give vent to life, not? = O, still in love, fag? Out the envy! The Decameron = O, damn, he erect! 'American pie' = Peer, I maniac = Mania recipe Gaellivare = Er..a village The aventures of Robin Hood = Venture. As hobo? Thief? Donor? Sir Henry Wotton = 'Hot story' winner The Magnificent seven = Men fights. A nice event Chrysler Corporation = Oh, lorry & nice sport-car! Unmotivated = One avid mutt 'Think of your forefathers! Think of your posterity!' = Hero of kith & kin! Fortify parents, foster your youth! The last minute = Thee stimulant The Gospel of Judas Iscariot = Oath!? A disciple forgot Jesus! Memento mori = Memo to miner National Film Board = Information: All bad The picaroons = To prison. Each! The picaroon = Oh, pirate & con! Athletes = Let's heat! USA Green Card = A curse & danger? The USA Green Card = Treasured change = True changes, dear Optimistically = A lot simplicity Pessimistically = A less simplicity = It silly escapism Misanthrope = No simp & hater = Sin methapor = Simp, no heart The misanthrope = This 'pro' hate men = Honest,'prim' hate = I hate men thorps = His top - men-hater = Mr.Top Shine Hate King Arthur's Camelot = Our cream, last knight = A ruler, knight & mascot The modern palmistry = Hand. Let's trip memory = Let hand strip memory Modern palmistry = Lo, my printed arms! = My printed morals = Print lad's memory The palmistry = My star help it Numerologist = Retooling sum = Into-sum-ogler The protagonist = Spotting at hero = Tasting top hero = Stating top hero = Ooh, petting star! A disaster scene = I scare, tense & sad = As I scared & tense Break your leg! = Regular 'OK, bye!' Abnormal = Ban moral Comrades = O, Red scam! = More cads = 'cos am Red = Reds-coma Madness = DNA mess? = ...and mess Interpretations of dreams = Minds retreat - option & fears = Pets arrested information = Important and free stories = Finest demeanors portrait = Portrait of entire madness = It readin' of person matters = Important side (after snore) = Most irritant deep fears, no? = or Transmit into deep fears = Fears & 'tripe' demonstration = Reports, frame & destination = Spared information tester = Spread information setter = Mind rest after operations Radetsky march = Heard my tracks? = Hark streamy CD = Hark army-set CD = Hear my stark CD A revolutionist = No riot, it's value = Value sortition = True violations = Voltaire. Suit, no? Ivory-billed woodpecker = O, keep cool! Very wild bird Eve Ensler's,'The vagina monologues' = Heroine's 'love nest' language & moves = Her love (amusing love) seen on stage = One vulgar, even hostile message, no? = Lie gone. One honest vulvar message = Message? Love snug & love inane throe The investigation = He gets invitation The investigations = Gives his attention The police investigations = He insisting - 'Leave it to cop' A starvation diet = I eat viands? A tort! The countryside = Hide & rest county = You dine & stretch Forensic medicine = I fond crime scene, I = I 'science of minder' = Science: 'I find more' Generation = Ingrate one Generations = Gone in tears = Ignorant, see = Strange one, I Saddam exchanged taunts before hanging = Stings of executed damned Arab...Hang! Hang! Tribunal = Nub: trial The singer Bob Dylan (Robert Allen Zimmerman) = Bard & gentleman. 'Mobilize brotherly manners' Procrustean bed = Bad person. Er...cut! = Abed curt person The burial ground = But he our darling! = A 'hurting' boulder = I brought urn. Deal = Right, old-beau urn = Burier - 'Tough land' = Righto, undurable = I dug earth. Blur, no? Between Scylla and Charybdis = Nice sally - 'Why bad centre's bad' = Clearly, tense by bad 'sandwich' = Whereby ascendancy still bad The stimulus = I must hustle Forensic journalist = Core: joins fun trials Film director Akira Kurosawa = Mark force, war, aikido, rituals Overeating = I note grave = or Negative The overeating = Negative throe Stop overeating = A rot even to pigs Putrefactions = A rot up & infects Long letter to sweetheart = To tell her - 'Not we greatest?' Paternoster = Tears on pert = A repent-sort The professional dancer = Senior of clean, hard step The famous writer Joseph Rudyard Kipling = Protrudes hairy kid from jungle, with apes Mephisto = So, The Imp = Ethos imp one of the seven chief devils, the tempter of Faust "It's been a hard day's night" = They sing a dear bands hit = Hasty British-agenda end = British set, handy agenda Australian open = i.e. A sport. Annual Australian Open Tournament = Annual tennis (top or amateur) The beach scavengers = Catch seven bags here = Chest, bench, vase, gear... Charles Simonyi = i.e. Rich man so sly Nathuram Godse = Great human? Sod! Nathuram Vinayak Godse = Outraged, vain, shaky man Bush chides Iraq over recent executions = Heard butcher's excessive critique - 'No no!' The Spaniard Carmela Bousada = Date, such an old Ma bears a pair Tres bien = Er...in best Yao Ming = I gamy, no? Old soldier = O, does drill! A soldier = Is loader Isla Fisher = She is flair Henry M. Paulson = Money-rush plan = Prune man? Oh, sly! Video cameras = A sacred movie = A scared movie? Hillary Rodham Clinton = C. Hill nominator? Hardly! = Thrill on Monica? Hardly! Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton = ...and I'll lead into rich harmony The Russian defector = Oh, unrestricted & safe! = Code there is - Run fast = 'Friend' races to the US = In such fear to desert = I run to share defects = Ouch, deserter faints! = Cheated us & frontiers = Consider that US free = Red chief runs to East? Obesity? = Bite soy! Prometheus = Supreme hot = Presume hot = Muster hope = He most pure A chocolate collection = Alcohol, cocoa inlet, etc. A pathologist = Hospital-toga Forensic pathologist = I got into half corpses = 'Lights' proof into case = His 'glint' to proof case The censors = Short scene The forensic pathologist = Proof - it lightens 'hot case' = The apt relics of shooting The Asian Bird Flu epidemic = If media published, certain! = I mind the idea, public fears Internet spam = Is entrapment = Set men in trap (Alain) Prost = Sport Forest Whitaker = Hit for week? Star? British Parliament = Airs thine PM T. Blair French anti-semites = 'Fete' in Christ's name There is = It's here The Maid of Orleans = Foolhardiest name = 'Lionet' - head of arms = Led aims of a throne = Leads aim of throne = A homeland - 'To fires!' = O, flamed hero- saint! The Maiden of Orleans = One flamed saint hero The Van Allen's radiation belts = 'A tent'. Save Earth, land & billions The cirrhosis = This sore rich Boris Leonidovich Pasternak = It 'Bolshevik-Draconian' prose Author Boris Leonidovich Pasternak = Old patriotic Russian book? Hah, never! Pasternak's 'Doctor Zhivago' = Havoc-period. Tzar's 'got sank' Is there life on Mars? = Is aliens therefrom? = Other lifes remains? Costa del Sol = Cosset a doll = Coolest lads! Animadversion = 'Armed invasion' = A damn revision = Invaders aim, no? The Encyclopaedia Britannica = Notice inlay: Each part in A, B, C, D, E... Nine US soldiers killed in the Iraq bombing = 'Blood bill' requires names & inside thinking Liverpool knocked title-holders Barcelona out of the Champions League = Looks like English football team dethrone each old European Cup victor King Lear = Large kin Clint Eastwood in the film 'The Good, The Bad and the Ugly' = Blondie, Angel Eyes & dolt Tuco. Hot fight with damn Death = Find The Blondie, hot Angel Eyes & mad Tuco with that gold Chinese woman makes history in Ireland = Anna Lo(weak Erin-minority) heeds schism The former Playboy centerfold Anna Nicole Smith = OD. Hereby my last chapter of normal 'innocent' life [OD: overdose] Hamlet's soliloquy = Squeal-'Holy, I'm lost!' The famed terpsichorean Isadora Duncan = Hear it - I danced a thousand performances = I, Hetaira, danced thousand performances Ethical code = Dealt choice = i.e. Cold teach The 'Amor Amor' = Mother-Aroma Eau de toilette 'Amor Amor' = Made true elite aroma too Sinapism = Miss pain = I in spasm The tornadoes = O, Earth stoned! Dangerous narcotics = O, 'turd', grass 'n' cocaine! Raimonds Bergmanis = Big Iron Man's dreams Jeanne D'Arc, the Maid of Orleans = Some dear, French national jade = Oh, jade-man risen to lead France = Jade, as male, redo French nation = French jade, dame, "National Rose" = Aha, to join, redeem France-lands! Actress Shannon Tweed = Now she ascendent-star Computer software developer Charles Simonyi = Review (shortly): Led Europe-Microsoft & spaceman Francois Mitterand = It is mordant France Latin America = Inca material = It racial name Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida = O, Wonderland for 'wild' lads or laity! The Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida = O, holidays! Forward Little Wonderland! Campbells condensed tomato soup = Best and also complete compounds! Anti-USA protest = Our States inapt? North Korea would allow UN inspectors = We shall narrow nuke- production-tools Saint Peter's Basilica = Alias 'Priest's cabinet' The Prime Minister Jose Ramos-Horta = Here major East Timor person (it's him) The Atropa Belladonna = Oh, note: a 'real bad' plant A land overflowing with milk and honey = Known Holy Land within 'flavored' image The Norton AntiVirus = Invasion/tort hunter Norton AntiVirus (complete package)= 'An armour' (given tool keeps PC intact) Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Charlie Watts, Bill Wyman and Ronnie Wood = D.j., let me hear awkward, chic, hairy rock band 'Rolling stones'! I'm waiting! Colonel Gaddafi = I glad-faced loon = Leading fool & cad Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi = Recall, I am mad, fool and a mug Robin Hood of Locksley = O, fishy noble & old crook! Robin of Locksley = Noble, frisky & cool = O, robs folk nicely! = If Noble - sly crook Sir Robin of Locksley = No yells, I rob for sick = I rob nice or sly folks = Slyer. I nick (rob) fools Virginia Tech massacre = Grave & his Satanic crime Isabella Amaryllis Charlotte Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe = She caught Royal Prince's heart. Bill lolls - got a heart trauma Eva Hitler = Evil heart = Evil hater It a relevant ~ alternative Virginia Tech campus = A chap, ire, gun, victims = C.S. Hui - 'acting vampire' = C.S. Hui - 'am acting viper' Adolf Hitler and his Eva Braun = Ah, it's a Fuhrer and a blind love! The Parisian streets = Aha, prettiest sirens! A drought = Guard - HOT! Admire = I dream = I'm dear = Er...maid! Adoption = O, not paid! Alive and kicking = Living idea & knack Moist = O, mist! A billion = I on a bill Popular science fiction = Unclear, specific option = If icon - planet occupiers Craig Bellamy = Glib & racy male = Clearly, am Big! Craig Douglas Bellamy = Cordial ball-games guy = Go, dear guy, claim balls! Matrimonial = I'm marital, no? Wet behind the ears = He brat, he needs wit = He needs wit & breath Sylvester Stallone = O, vastly relentless! = No style stars level The Cinco de Mayo party = O, meat & pyrotechnic day! Concentration = O, inner contact! = Connection-art Chandelier = Hire candle Collaboration = A lot in co-labor Augmentation = I get an amount Competition = I mince to top Compote = Come & pot Corruption = Pro in court Christine Marie Evert-Lloyd = My 'little-horrid' serve in...Ace! Middle East arms race = Clear! maddest armies = Armies came & straddle = Mad leaders at crimes = A derelict drama & mess A Middle East arms race = Same dramatic leaders = Same dramatic dealers = Same racial, mad desert Venus de Milo = Line moved us America the beautiful = But a failure each time Mats Wilander = Lad - 'win-master' Sahara desert = Area's hardest = Sets hard area The American Express Card = Er...Dramatic expense & crash = Err...Dramatic cash expense Ra, The God of Sun = O, fond Huge Star! Actress Alice Krieg = Stars' ice-like grace Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado = Ain't a clever leader. Good farce Mujahid Osama Bin Laden = Bad man in jail? Madhouse? = I so unable jihad madman Thomas Paine = Ah, man is poet! Mister William Tunstall-Pedoe = I still manipulate words. Let me! 'Rolling Stones' Keith Richards = Dear rock 'n' roll hits, he sings it Director Sydney Pollack = Do old tricky screenplay PM mister Anthony Blair = Brits imply - Another man! Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs = She's stranded infant & we hew. Vow! Actor Tobey Maguire, best known for the Spiderman movies = I very fit, I make cobwebs, guard poor & net mean, hot monsters Thomas Edward Lawrence = Where M.East and 'cold war' Claude Oscar Monet = Made colours 'enact' = Can use 'tamed' color C.O. Monet and P. A. Renoir = Modern art? O no, an epic! Actress Katherine Heigl = Here she like acting star Impressionist Gustave Caillebotte = See strong, optimistic, 'live' tableaus = Got live cities prints, some tableaus Hosni Mubarak = O, a brisk human! = U monkish Arab! Walter Richard Rudolf Hess = Coward Fuhrer's (Hitler's) lad Windows Internet Explorer = New 'torrent'! See world in pix Actress Angela Bassett = A clean, best stages star Vladimir Putin, George Bush and Tony Blair = Big, unearthly, overbidding manipulators An intercourse = Union, 'race', rest The Prime Minister Tony Blair = Mental Tory in British Empire = My intolerant British Empire = There I trim problems & inanity The Global Warming = Big warmth, all gone Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor = She bizarre lady 'to loot' men Actress Maria Magdalene Dietrich = America-star hides German dialect = Maid is a real, rich & decent megastar The Brunei Princess wed in lavish ceremony = Very rich bride wins helpmate (union scenes) Terpsichorean = Her part so nice! = O, it's her prance! = Actor spin here = Archers, pointe = Stir, hop, careen Old synagogue = God, angels & you = Ay, God's lounge! = God alone & guys The old synagogue = Gently, a God-House! = Go see Godly haunt = Goal - hunt God's eye = House only gadget = Old gauge - honesty = Gauged Holy-Stone = God atones, hugely = God so neatly huge = One God, hale & gutsy = God, only He, A Guest Mattress = Rests-mat Lewis Hamilton has won The Canadian Grand Prix = As next national champion, lad wins high reward = This new exhilarating champion 'lands on' award How come 'abbreviated' is such a long word? = O, huge! Above, old comic Bernard Shaw's wit. Either that wallpaper goes or I do = That 'pearl' - poor O. Wilde's 'heritage' International = Learn it in NATO? The arrows = War & throes = Others war The poisoned arrow = Ooh, stirred weapon! = A 'shower' to pride, no? Salman Rushdie is knighted = He's hunting Islam dark side The President of the United States of America, George Walker Bush = Bad rated, pert ego, reckless man...I get effort in the White House, USA = Funked, macabre leader got stage. Prefers to sit in the White House = World Trade Centre's outrage his huge mistake. He's 'patentee' of fib. The Collection of Tragedies, written by William Shakespeare = It a new series of weird plays. It King Lear, Othello, Macbeth, etc. The Father's day = He's earthy & daft = He's hearty & daft Too much wine = I touch women International Women's Open = Real women in a top tennis, no? Auf Wiedersehen = When free ..."Adieus!" Examination = I...No, I am a....NEXT!! Midas = Is mad 'Deep forest' music = CD of supreme site Shove it! = His veto Hopeless = H-e-e-l-p! SOS! The Russian revolution = Soviet union's real = Riots. Union have result = Tovarish Lenin route us Always look on the bright side of life = O, life is OK! I forget all the washy & bond = Oh, don't see filth of bias, ill, weak, gory! There is no place like home = Real homesick. I telephone. Mother Nature = Ah, True mentor! = Her name - Tutor = Tour there, man! = Tour , Earthmen! = More than true What can I do? = How? Can't aid! The disloyalty = Hate & do it slyly Television = i.e. Lies on TV Temptations = Main, top test Elvis Presley = Sip & yell verse Exotic sight = Sex; I got itch Give us a bit optimism = A big MUST. I'm positive Spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs = Cards! (Husband is most pleased) Manchester United = Nice team? Nuts! Herd! = Ten in red. Such team! Playlets = Let's play! The road to hell is paved with good intentions = DOING leads to Lord, not 'I wish it, even hope that...' Pianofortes = Fits on opera General idea = An agreed lie I'm not that kind of girl = Taking hint - flirt--mood = Tonight I mind for talk Look what they done to my song = Got easy, hot-hot, known melody The smile of Mona Lisa = Loons, I am this female! [i.e. Leonardo da Vinci himself] Man does not live by bread alone = Note, I demand real love, baby-son... = O, I demand eternal love, baby-son... = Reveal boloney: obtain demands! Counsel = Clues, no? Walt Disney 'Pocahontas' = Told, was captain's honey Abd-ar-Rahman = Hard Arab-man Kleptomaniac = I con & take lamp... The hermaphrodite = Mother hid there Pa The secret lover = Settle her & cover Hippodromes = Oh, rides-pomp! The Spanish flamenco = Females hop in chants Trues are...treasure Entertainment = Meant Internet? = Men at Internet The groom and the bride = Both 'honed' & get married Kareem Abdul Jabbar id est Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor = Undid a wide, fine basketball career, as L.Bird & M. Jordan Christmas comes but once a year = Come, you smartass! Be nicer & chat Mona Lisa (real name is 'La Gioconda') = So, again, Leonardo & 'maniacal' smile Ashton Moore = Ooh, a monster! Chernobyl disaster = Horrible days & scent Diplomats = Spoilt & mad Submarine = Marine-bus Private tennis coach = An active sport-niche = I can patch into serve New Years resolutions = New, lousy reassertion = Iron rules? Yes, no sweat! = One is swears - Only true! = No war, lust, sin, eyesore = Now, I truly see reasons The chronic disease = Er...his chances to die = O heed, this is cancer! Disembarkation = i.e. Damn boat - risk! I've got...to give The financier = Rich, neat, fine An Alzheimer disease = Seem, I a senile-hazard Criminality = I'm nary licit Gregorian chants = Stern 'gang', a choir Via satellite = At least I 'LIVE'! Censorship = He crops sin The weight-lifters = Re: Fight with steel! Cheetah = He cat, eh! Fate has decided otherwise = Direct is - 'Oh, he was defeated!' The loose girl = To Hell, orgies! Beautiful girl = I all but figure The Oscar statue = Oh, create status! The road accidents = I'd tot: each cars' end Hibernations = Oh, it bears 'inn'! That is to say...it has to stay Former French President Charles de Gaulle = HM nice, perfect 'frogs land's' leader. He ruler. The unprintable anagrams = Unpleasant, a nightmare, br.... The French cook = Reckon 'hot chef' An impressionist = I in spots smearin' = Is points smearin' = I'm "stains-person", I Shakespeare's Hamlet, Prince of Denmark - To be or not to be, that is the question = Heirs' memorable queer hesitations, that betoken potent fears and top shock The hospital patients = Test this top pain & heal Mountain Everest = O, it means venture! = Vet mountaineers = I must venerate, no? If you are to describe the truth, leave the elegance to the tailor = The reality - facts - vulgar, hated & eerie. There thee 'boot' elocution Limited time offer = Timed for lifetime? Agatha Christie, Murder on the Orient Express' = Here text: Grouped hero-massacre (in this train) The horse guards = Hurrah, go steeds! La Fontaine = I tale-fan, no? Eucalyptus = Cut, use, play The military = Hi, army title! Love at the first sight = Is to vest heart-flight Most our children lack...the Rock and Roll music! Telephone directories = I plot here erotic needs Homeopathy = Ooh, empathy! The force of gravity = To verify g-factor, eh! = Forgive theory. FACT. The 'Werther's original' candies = Another rich darling sweeties = Danger's there within - calories = I, rare new taste cherishing old Anthony Charles Lynton Blair = Healthy Briton. Can only snarl The best football player in the world - Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Pele) = Added note: This ebony fellow is able talent, phenomenal top scorer & star! Michelangelo's statue 'David' = Old athleticism, nude savage Morganatically = Amatory-calling = Loyal & tragic man = Romantic gal-lay The mother nature is calling = Hi, man! (regular toilet-stench) Emotional insanity = It is inane, mat, loony James Bond's serial = Real Man's job sides The 'James Bond' serial = There Man's job & ladies Females = Feel, Sam! Masturbation = An aim - to burst = Mania to burst X and Y chromosomes = Ah, common sexy 'rods'! The Fine Young Cannibals = A big fun. Can listen, honey! The Oprah Winfrey Show = Fat one. Why worship her? Well's...swell Newcastle United = Salute decent win The American continent = Ancient, ancient Mother Don Quixote de la Mancha = He (qua) exotic and old man Pamela Anderson = Reason man paled = One real damn sap English Premier League football = Regular belief - hooligans 'temple' = Temperable, ill hooligans refuge English Premier League = Huge, 'ripe' men galleries The famous composer Frederic Chopin = O, his French-mood music & opera, perfect! The American actor Tom Cruise = I cinema star. Cute charmer too. Rome, Eternal City = More recent Italy Motion picture 'Alexander' = I exotic, proud, eternal man A typical American = 'Clean' aim - rapacity World of cinema = Claim of wonder Fatso = So fat Massachusett's bay = Sea, but mass yachts Pills = P.S. ill The stains of semen = Manifest on sheets Pulchritudes = Cupid hurtles = Hustler, Cupid! The prophecies of Nostradamus = His mouthed forecasts on paper Painter Claude Monet = Our talented epic man = A pure 'demonic' talent = Muted, pale art. Nice, no? 'I, Claudius' by Robert Graves = (sic) About very big sad ruler Tiger Woods = Good wrist, e? Durex contraceptives = Penis-duct extra cover The Blessed Eucharist = HE cuts, bleeds...Share it! = Bread's the clue, thesis The footballer Diego Armando Maradona = Oh, lad from Argentina-team! A loaded boor! The vegetarian meals = Hi, gal never eats meat! The porcelain toilets = Nice & tall to shit or pee = I in the real top closet = A cell to shit or pee, nit! = The certain stool-pile = All rotten piece o' shit Habeas corpus = So, chap abuser Pilates method = It's made to help Arthur Conan Doyle, 'Sherlock Holmes stories' = Sleuth locates crooks error; many he holds in Terra Incognita = Terrain: I can't go The Arabian desert = Bitter sand area, eh! = I bear ardent heats The Winter Olympic Games in Sochi = We promising nice, homy athletics Race to the White House begins = The Cabinet goes with rehouse Help rebuild lives and communities in hurricane affected states = Pure idea. The Bush-Clinton fund lifts medical service, reanimates A miscreant = Mean racist = Crime-Satan Alice Hobday = O, be a hic-lady! [She has been hiccuping for the last 20 years] The 'Nivea' = It heaven! The 'Nivea' gel-cream = Large achievement! Protests in Pakistan = Riots spin & knap state The Middle East Peace negotiations = Palestine - agitated, sectioned home Greek Achilles = Large sick heel Bin Laden issues warning on Iraq and Israel = No grins. Al-Qaida ensures asinine blind war. France ushers in New Year's smoking ban = Frogs wane 'chimneys', rakes insane 'burn' Ray Kroc, the founder of McDonald's = Fast food or darned lunch-mockery Plane with ten aboard crashes in Alaska = A clear snow-blankets, an airship, a Death Levee breaks amid West Coast storms = Dams' set-waters became risk to solve An added = Addenda Report of UFO = Proof of true? The gourmand = Mouth-danger = Mad to hunger Oversimplification = (sic) A primitive 'n' fool = I from naive politics The customer is always right = Myth & laughter ('cos I waitress) = Waitress (laugh) - 'Come & try this!' Scottish chemist Charles Mackintosh = Sets thick 'mesh/schism' raincoat cloth The Italian physicist Galileo Galilei = On a high Pisa I elicit & tally legalities Religion is the opium of the masses = Implies enough stories of atheism = Theism is morphine, false guise too = Theism is poison, is 'Rule of the Game' = Theism - he's poison, failure, egotism = Seems theism is huge potion or 'fail' = Life rough. Seems theism is a potion Ashley Alexandra Dupre = Had pure sex and real lay Puritanical lifestyle = Alliance & purity itself = Lay-clients are pitiful = Nuptials - real felicity = Actually, pristine life = Face it, lay - insult & peril Professor Walter Lewin = One laws & powers trifler The American actor Michael Douglas = Oh, real star! Magical, touched cinema. Magnetic = 'Magic net' Sacerdotal = Sacred, a lot = A Lord-caste Sacerdotalism = I almost sacred Marathon Seoul = Some run! A lot, ah? A monotony = Too many, no? Spring is in the air = Is heart-inspiring! Confidant = O, can't find! A Chevrolet Silverado = Love road-star vehicle = O, road-travels-vehicle! Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz = Just a crazed Red, fool 'n' liar Polygamist = Gimp to lays San Diego, California = Sea, air, lacing in food Crime doesn't pay = O, it's damn creepy! Titanic, The Unsinkable Ship = Until ice knaps it in the bash The United States Government = Don't trust these negative men The coitus = Touchiest = Host cutie = Hot cuties = O, hi cutest! Stomach stapling operation = A chop to patients' organ...Slim? Christian ideology = Only God is hieratic! Bandit = Bad nit Hippocrates = Chop-parties! = i.e. Chop parts = Chop, it spare! Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli = Blow of 'raveled' maid. Title remains in USA The Princess Diana = She ends in a pit-car Steven Demetre Georgiou alias Cat Stevens now Yusuf Islam = Evocative singer gets away & turns into eased useful Moslem The California Golden Bears = Headings in football career Great Smoky Mountains = Me making a stony tours = Making some nasty tour Cognitive therapist = Giant theoretic spiv = Tragic...then positive = Visiting top teacher = Visiting top cheater = O, visiting that creep! Salmonella = On all meals The hurricane Felix = He erratic influx, eh? Israeli 'spy' Mordechai Vanunu = Pan, he is a very ridiculous man [pan - to critisize] Roland Emmerich's 'The day after tomorrow' = Some lower dramatic 'hydro-threat' for men EURO finals, Portugal, Lisbon = O, lea & unsurprising football! Honest? = He's not! = She not! Society of Jesus = Sect; issue of joy Couple of megabytes = Maybe goes to 'fuel' PC? I practised ...pediatrics The famous sportswoman Nadia Comaneci = Was cute, modest Romanian champion, oafs! One strange animal - liger = Means a large lion 'n' tiger The footballer = He 'battler' & fool Hetaerism = Harem-site Painter and scientist Leonardo da Vinci = Precision, standard, icon, a divine talent Pleasure = Super ale! = Pure sale The simultaneous orgasms = Usual moans together, miss = Smasher, got mutual noises! = Shouts also rung same time = Soul-shouts rang same time Ernest Hemingway = Name's with energy! Intelligence Quotient = Quite nice, telling note The anti-aging treatment = At time-negating art, then Mother's little helper = Throes? Her mettle-pill Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev = Thick Russian; high verve & cheek English proverbs and sayings = N.B. Vary lingo designs & phrases Painters = Sea print Satan - Prince of Darkness = Data: Enforces sin & pranks = Case of prankster and sin = So, face prankster and sin The oldest profession in the world = Need it? Find whore, trollop, hostess... United States of America = Dictator. Senate is 'a fume' = See an attitude of racism = Inside, a true taste of Mac = i.e. Infatuates Democrats = It's 'Free to act' - Made in USA = It force-state Made in USA = Fete to racist Made in USA = See for maniacs attitude = Fetid in most acute areas = Dictates to 'A free animus'= De facto is neat, is mature Our state made finest CIA = Meet our fantastic ideas Trojan horse tale = Hot roan - real jest (roan - horse) Tale of Trojan horse = Foal or another jest? President Bush = He's bit spurned So, the war in Vietnam is a fiasco? = America's invasion - hit of waste? Agatha Christie's Poirot = Right, I chase a rapist too Homo Sapiens = O, man is so hep! Gilbert and Sullivan = Ballads turning live David and Batsheba = Diva ends a bath bad She's a very kinky girl, the kind you don't take home to mother = OK, she's dirty, tough, hot, mordant knave & 'monkey'. Yet, I like her Hamlet, Prince of Denmark = Frank man & the Cold Empire Laura Ingalls Wilder's 'Little house on the prairie' = Her tale - all low lies, unrestrained girlish Utopia. Erotic fantasies = Ai, fast erections! Frustration and despair = Rats, I darned! Unfair! Stop! The heavy crime = Eh, I have't mercy! The oldest profession = O, dispose rotten flesh! Woman = Ma now Automatic gear = Am out, I get a car Demetria Guynes = Sugary teen Demi [Demi Moore] The English soccer = He gets chronicles Races driver Emerson Fittipaldi = Trivial terrific speeds-...and more! Treason = One's rat Grand finale = A flaring end Painter El Greco = Er...grace, top line = Grace & repletion = Elegance or trip? Do's and Dont's = Odd stands, no? The famous criminals = or Such mafia-men list Polygraph test = Apt. Helps. Go, try. Actresses Kristin Davis, Cynthia Nixon, Kim Cattrall, and Sarah Jessica Parker = 'Sex and the City'; stars in this movie. Carnal japes and lark critics rank as a 'risk'. The show-girl = Hi, worth legs! Shark-infested waters = States where dark fins The Temptations = Potent hits team Pre-revolutionary Russia = Previously, in our tsar-era Hieronymus Bosch = Oh, my brush so nice! The intercourse = Sh, true erection! Adolf Hitler = Drill of hate Red Hot Chili Peppers = Propel rich deep hits Actress Sophia Loren = She special star, or no? Animal vivisection = No, a sin! Victim alive! So help me God = Homed gospel The intelligence = Lithe, gentle, nice Horsepower = Where spoor Pianofortes = Pair of notes = Fit on operas = In soft opera One googol = e.g. long OOO.... The other woman = or The new hot ma Celebration = or Nice table Decoration = O, in Art-deco! = Iron-coated The androgen = Ah, 'Not-gender!' My old woman = Now moldy ma Electronics = Note cicles Phantasmagoria = Oh, is apt - Anagram! President = It spender = Need trips Disaster = Star dies = Er.. it's sad South America, Brazil = It our rich zeal - SAMBA! Groom and bride = Go bond, married = Odd mirage born Failure of health = Hah, of ill feature! At any price = Pay certain Sin against The Holy Ghost = Satan's thing, his theology Diamonds = Maids nod Cluster of spectators = Respects/flouts actor Mona Lisa = A man's oil Christmas = It's charms Televiewers = We see TV & rile American actress = Main career - casts = Scenarist, camera... Between ourselves = We're so even & subtle The chicanery = Rich cheat, ney? Acerbity = Act by ire Hide-and-seek = See kid? Ah, end! Hors d'oeuvres = Devours horse? The Laws of Nature = What not, safe rule! = What true/false, no? Freudian slip = Prudes in fail = Failin' prudes Better a living dog than dead lion = Tend & gain to be alive and old, right?! Cosmopolitan = Is cool top man = It's cool - no map! Nightingale = Genial 'thing' = It nigh angel! Onanism = O, man, sin! Famous singer Paul Anka = Usual, par man. A King's foe. Stumble = Tumbles There is six condoms in a pack = Choice is - rampant sex & no kids! Velocipede = Lope-device White House, Washington DC = Inside? Thug, he who acts now Sting and The Police = Angled top nice hits The package tour = Take group & teach Teach one's grandmother to suck eggs = Suggest to aged reckon on the charms = Suggest to an aged to check her norms The minor = In mother = More thin The compulsive anagrammer = Put me in, am each 'grams lover The confusion = He not in focus Nuclear spy = Any scruple Made for one another = Hard frame: One to One = Enamored of another? The economy packs = Pocket cash money The jurisdiction = Hi, no justice, dirt! The jurisdictions = ID (in short) - justice The city of Liverpool = Chief port; lively too! = O, it lovely chief port! = Oh, love & felicity port! International airports = Airliner-stop (not a train) I am not myself today = Testimony of malady A 'Tony Awards' = Art nowadays Seventh Idol David Cook = Oh, lad's kind voice voted! The sprinter Usain Bolt = Ah, list! I best top runner = This 'bestial' top runner = This stabile top runner = or I hit, planet's best run! = Able in short, 'petit' runs = It able in the run-sports LeBron Raymond James = Yes, male 'born M. Jordan'! Thomas Lauren Friedman = Author. Man framed lines. No limits, no excuses = O, smile, sex counts in! Flat Earth Society = O, the facts? Reality? Bo Diddley = Died by old = Old did 'bye!' Holy land, Israel = Yes, I Lord 'n' Allah! Food, drink and cigarette = O, kind diet & danger factor! The political spectrum = Hot multiple practices = Host multiple practice Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam = Militants; afoot reliable regime Castro = Tsar Co. Salmonella Enterica = Meal is not real clean! = Er...lo, meals ain't clean! The penis enlaregment = Repine meanest length Debit = I debt Edouard Leon Cortes = O, used a tender color! = One deeds - colour-art = Needs colour to dare = Read on color etudes The Blue Marble = Belle Earth, bum! Gentle sex = Let X-genes Ernesto 'Che' Guevara = A true chaos & revenge = Eager venture & chaos = Hate nerves...Courage! = See anger & true havoc = Hero gave us 'A centre' = Tough as a reverence = Thou - reverence saga = Aha, gusto & reverence! The waters = Earth's wet = Wets earth The New York Times = They kit more news = O my, there news-kit! The 'Victoria's Secret' lingerie = I aesthetic girl's entire cover 'Good cholesterol' = or See logo to HDL-C Save the rainforests! = O, trees vanish faster! Earth's forests = 'Stash' for trees Francois de la Rochefoucauld = Ooh, focused careful cardinal! = Ah, could use force of cardinal! = Lo, audacious French face Lord! Jules Gabriel Verne, 'Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea' = He revealed 'Nautilus' journey's beneath waters; guts-legend Mark Cavendish = Hacks in mad rev = Hack in mad revs [cyclist] Pope Benedict XVI = Expect divine bop Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. = Champions in beer. Use such can! A praised...paradise Barack Hussen Obama = Abask America, no Bush! = Ah, USA, some brain back! Miss America Contest = Most nicest is a Cream! Colorado Technical University = Live on nice lady-tutor, sir-coach... Acropolis of Athens = Ooh, place for saints! = Location of seraphs = He's on capital's 'roof' Pireaus, Athens = Sea, ship, nature... = Tune ships area Pireaus, the port of Athens = For that purpose, in the sea Staycation = Ay, ain't cost! Cholesterol drug Vytorin = Right doctor & lovely nurse = Very strong cure to ill, doh! 'They Might be Giants' = Get the many big hits Diego Armando Maradona = Oo, ardor and 'mad in a game'! = O, a game-domain and ardor! Deniers of the Holocaust = ...cussed -,'Oh, Hitler not a foe!' The burgomaster = Treat some burgh The Federal Republic of Germany = Anger & fume by creep Adolf Hitler 'I can do all things through HIM who gives me strength' = The churl man's growth & high elevations in Gods' might! The life in USA = Hi, I feel as nut! Impertinence = In nice temper? Hallucinogenic drugs = Ugh, luring cocaine & LSD! David Foster Wallace = Deal alive word & facts The Islamic leader ...dallies hate & crime = Heretical mislead? = I deal clear theism = Ideal & clear theism Abu Dhabi = I a bad hub A three hundred and sixty five days = Huh, evens tidy-fixed standard year! Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island = Reword: Splendid vacations in Canada Insurance = I can nurse Health insurance = Hi, rent can heal us! = Can heal 'the ruins' A grandfather = Ah, fart danger! A grandmother = or The grandma = Grandma to her A Manchester City Football Club = Best faculty team, brill coach. No? Sean Patrick Flanery = Nice 'n' freaky pal. Star. The dramatist William Shakespeare = Was 'a peak!' Theatres still admire him = His art made him as star. We keep it all. Tenor Placido = Pal crooned it Tenor Placido Domingo = Made top crooning idol = Top crooning idol, dame = Top! God or idol? Nice man The tenor Placido Domingo = I adept, hot crooning model A motion picture 'Body of Lies' = CIA importunes it bloody foe The coach Fabio Capello = Football-ace. I 'chop' each. 'American Pie' films = Fair simple cinema Don't publish my name = The Dumb, simply anon. = Don't spy, I humble man = Dumb the lips. Anonym. Fernando Alonso = So, lad ran on F.One = Lad of Senna or no? = Fool ran on sedan? Politics in the United States = It is lies, hate, stupid content Bristol Palin and Levi Johnston = Both join travels and sin. No pill = A van...Sinned. Pill? Jolt, birth soon! = Print: Both, lad 'n' lass, join in love Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel = True paragon and skilful man = Great sound in a full park, man! = Sound in park. Artful men. Gala = Painful song - an adult remark Wall Street = We tell - rats! = Rest, wallet The young and the restless = Then, see hunt, loss tragedy = Tush! nonetheless - tragedy Millvina Dean = Land, man! I live! (Titanic's survival) Driver Lewis Hamilton = or Trivial wheels-mind The erotic man = I am hot 'n' erect 'Late Show' with David Letterman = Wild, tart, white male heads on TV Director Oliver Stone = Torrid love to screen, I Bernard 'The Executioner' Hopkins = He - prudent boxer; 'inheritance' -KO's Charles A. Lindbergh = Bring all, he crashed! Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg = Remarkable charm; right below [actor and underwear model] Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska = I am rich, I grip deals, love vodka [Russian millionaire] Religious fundamentalist = Men, our life is a dust, a glint! = I fall. I use trust in God. Amen! Wings = Swing 'Now that the magic has gone' = Somewhat changing to hate [song] Vegetarianism = Re: I am veganist = Mister, I a vegan = Eager vitamins = I in 'starve-game' = I am serving tea = Meat? I? Grave sin! Cockpit of airplane = A nice pack for pilot The waiter = With eater President-elect Barack Obama = America pretends to be a Black 'Waiter, there's a fly in my soup!' = 'This - meat', - was your fine reply The final countdown = Until end of watch, no? Anthony Charles Lynton Blair = Only the inborn sly charlatan = Real chaos by tall North ninny Northern Los Angeles, California = Hot inferno grills one clans' area = One can grill as real, hot infernos The Deripaska scandal = Sneak Red capital, dash Kanye Omari West = We make noisy art! [rapper] Earnest Graham = Game's heart, ran = Hem...ran as Great! [American foootball runner] President Barack Hussein Obama = Sad nation. Peacemaker ribs Bush Ford, Chrysler and General Motors = Oh, normally strong cars deferred! The Palestine Liberation Organization = Antagonize Israel, battle their opinion The Counter Strike = Nice trek, true shot [computer game] Anagrams never lie = Aver real meanings Contradiction = It ain't concord Oscar de la Hoya "The Golden Boy" = Real good healthy body case, no? [boxer] The Gibson Brothers = Three short gibbons We are fighting shadows = This aged/newish war - fog = Ah, this new war is fogged! Crime drama "The Godfather" = Mafia; get them hard record Yves Saint Laurent = Analyst in vesture = I slant any vesture = Vain-natures style = Any suit's relevant 'Don't let the sun go down on me' = Do them old tune, not new song 'Every little thing she does is magic' = Yes, Miss Delight! Nice, great love-hit! = Agreed, Miss gets nice hit, lovely hit Stratford-Upon-Avon in Warwickshire, Britain = Harp a visit in our known, a terrific bard's town Bermuda triangle = A gamble, intruder! = A tangible murder = Grim but a real end = A din - great rumble = I arranged tumble = Mean, large, turbid = Me (I) - brutal danger = Be alert, man, I drug! = Beat regular mind = Able at murdering = Belting marauder 'Message in a bottle' = Tenable aim - get SOS Austrian Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger = Warrior/agent galls in hazardous scene Back seat driver = Be track-adviser = Bad track? Revise! = Direct, 'bark', SAVE! Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet = Look, dear pal, 'Titanic' drowned in sea! = OK, do awarded panel in 'Titanic' roles! Greta Lovisa Gustafsson = US loves 'gas' of giant star = O, love, gas, fuss! Giant star! [Greta Garbo] Swedish - American actress Greta Lovisa Gustafsson = Giant star of silent movies. Her success saga, awards... The Athenian dramatist Sophocles = I attach at sleep, son and his mother Le nozze di Figaro ossia la folle giornata (Commedia per musica) = Mozart's famous opera; a comic dialog realizing one's 'ideal' life Defenestration = Die faster - no net! Can we do it? Yes we can! = Concede, it's a new way! Matisse, 'Pink Nude' = Spunkiest maiden Henri Matisse, 'Pink nude' = Put in herein naked miss The plastic money = No cash? Pity. Let me! A tragedy = Great day? The Washington Post = That hot 'n' new gossip Giant Mozart's "The Marriage of Figaro' = Groom (hair-setter) got amazing affair Guantanamo Bay Detention Centre = Any neat education began? Torment! = An annoyed acute beating, torment The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi = Connote to carved foolish boy, peculiar child = Carpenter's voiced, fictional boy-doll...Oh! Ouch! Los Angeles, California, USA = Colossal Arnie in a sea-gulf 'Othello, the Moor of Venice' by William Shakespeare = Ebony hero (he was epic lover) aims to kill hot female = The ebony asocial hero kills white female over mop = Aha, here ebony lover, top male, comes to kill his wife = Hoar macho ebony lover kills his petite female. Woe = All real tale? Ebony hero chokes his wife. Motive - mop. The movie 'Last tango in Paris' = Pair having emotional tests = To save mating relationship? My documents, My pictures, My music = My cute computer is My mind, My cuss The decapitation = I can't tie top (head) = Ain't death poetic? The African continent = In fact, innocent earth VAustralia = Air-valutas [International airline] Federico Fellini's 'Satyricon'= Ironical, dirty scenes of life = Direct, fierily confessional = Inference - crisis of old Italy Life sucks and then you die = F*, destiny so unideal, eh! The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) = Seamiest henchmen act vs Israel to maim Economy crisis = Coin/coins misery Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert = Elite leadership is minimum terror = Minimum terror desire? Help, it's a lie! Transgression = Er...strong as sin Poet William Shakespeare = Marlowe is the lapse, I - Peak! President Barack Hussein Obama = He's boss in a bankrupted America How to find her G-spot = Wend for top, hot sigh Motherly advice = Ma to every child = Very methodical Chevrolet Optra = The top car, lover! Cold, snow, the men ski = In Stockholm, Sweden "Slumdog Millionaire" = I'll earn good sum. I, mil! = I earn old mil. I so glum A metrosexual = Amour + latexes 'Hamburger Union' = Ah, bring our menu! The famous Williams sisters - Serena and Venus = Won massive sums at tennis fields; share 'a rule' 'Race to Witch Mountain' = Cinema 'on tour'. Watch it! The Irish Republican Army = Uhr, chaps aim Erin liberty! White House = 'W' out. He is, eh. Broadway theatres, New York = Aye, dear, entry to B. Shaw work! Australia's "Sound Relief" Concert = Tunes, arts for local audience, sir Film 'Enemies: A love story' = See not filmsy, real movie = Messy-life movie. Real? Not! 'Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens = A very wit-blest kids' chronicles Ginola = In!..G-O-A-L The astronautics = O, authentic stars! Car owner = Careworn 'Ivanhoe' by Sir walter Scott = The basic violent war story Brotherhood of men = Both - honor & freedom American International group = 'No guarantee' or inapt, criminal = Corrupt manager, nation in a lie = A large, mean, corrupt inanition The Somali pirate = A hostile primate The Somalian pirates = A peril to this seaman The climate changes = Cliche - Heat gets man Aborigines = Base, origin The actor Clint Eastwood = I do that cool western act London, Great Britain = Land at Breton origin 'The Old Man and the Sea' = Man's death - lone death Nadia Comaneci = I can do 'n' I am ace The signs of the zodiac = Hi, this got dozen faces City of Yellowknife = I flee folky icy town = I feel folky icy town Mister Simon Wiesentahl = Mission: waste Hitler-men Ennio Marchetto = Oh, eminent actor! Entertainer Ennio Marchetto = Cram entire theatre in one, not? Yellowknife = Only few like Dom DeLuise = Lo, Muse died! = I used model 'It is a foolish thing to make a long prologue and to be short in the story itself' = Ooh, ooh! Thereon so stupid to start lengthily , still making fine saga too brief President Obama = A best man, period! = A most deep brain The Spanish Armada = Had seamanship-art = Hard at seamanship = Ah, hard stamp in sea! = Aha, them Spaniards! The fashion designer Gianni Versace = Ah, neat rig of his, a nice evening dress! The global crisis = Er..big chaos, still Bare-chested = Cedes the bra Statue "Venus de Milo = Mute stone is valued = U sad mute live stone! Don't cry for me, Argentina ...and try confront a regime Caffeine = Fine cafe Desperation = I need pastor = A tied person = A top need, sir Metro Station = Treats motion United States Naval Academy = Active men study sea at a land Merriam Webster's dictionary = Remains my best 'word-criteria' The Penguin Dictionary of Proverbs = Providing you brief phrase content Susan Margaret Boyle = A bore, ugly star's name = Songs by real amateur The general store = A lot genres there 'Sex and the city' = Excited 'n' nasty X-Men origins: Wolverine = Nix new longer movie, sir! Arlovski = Rival's KO The esophageal cancer = Along speech-tracheae A trachea = Chat-area Author Willard R. Espy = Hi, 'Words at play' ruler! Respirations = Spit air, snore A motion picture "Schindler's list' = Holocaust in silent, direct prism = Holocaust. Script lines remind it An old? = No, lad! Miss California's...as firm as silicon Apotheosis = He is so atop! The ballroom dancings = man and girl, both close Mortise and tenon = Damn, so enter into! = O, met and insert, no? Treasure chest = Sh, a true secret! International diplomacy = All piracy, domination-net The Chernobyl Nuclear power plant in Ukraine = The uncannily blown peripheral nuke reactor The music from Argentina = Same rich firm tango tune Vincent Van Gogh's masterpiece Sunflowers = Moving, elegant, freshest 'crown-cups' in vase UFO photos = Thou spoof! Male castration = Omit a carnal set Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, and Rupert Grint = Draw masterful Potter, gal and friend in cinema Beethoven's Eroica = Ooh, nice! A best, ever! Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood = Adorable words while rich with aphorisms Medieval wars against the Muslims in the Middle Ages, led by Christian kings = Whisking, deadly, evil crusades; mean, detrimental battles missing high aims The dramatis personae = Pros names aid theatre The lingam = Male thing The Mount Rushmore National Memorial = Human moment - I aim to honor late rulers The Guantanamo prison = O, that USA! Raping men, no? Tropical storm Claudette = Mad clutter, peril to coast South African Caster Semenya = A fact: once he ran as true missy The Last Supper = 'Sheep' trust pal British Royal Marine = It is an army. Horrible! I need 'rags' = A designer Chastity belt = By latch I test An oasis in the desert = i.e. ease thirst on sand The soldier Gilad Shalit = I, lad, still their hostage = Slight to halted Israeli American imperialism = A criminal empire's aim Ralph Waldo Emerson = Ah, all pen, more words! 'Don't cry for me Argentina' = Grief (rent Madonna to cry) 'Don't leave me this way' = Mate whined - Stay, love!' The song 'Candle in the wind' = Scathed end. Elton whining. Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad = Oh, a Tehran-drip, madman. Denies Judaism. Beyonce 'Single ladies' = Nice lie. Gals need boys Periodic Table of Chemical Elements = A rectifiable incomplete old scheme Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum = Am sheik, mammoth man, Dubai lord David Wright Miliband = A wild, avid, bright mind The missionary position = Oh, yes sir, it's main option! = I on the top 'o any miss. I, sir = I stay on her, I on top. I, miss Teva Pharmaceutical Industries = It's truth: Israel made up vaccine Take a gamble = Make a bet, gal Take a position = OK, attain pose Take a shower = Soak (water, eh) Andrea del Sarto = One dear lad's art [painter] Peter Silverman = Me reveals print [owner of Leonardo da Vinci's new painting] The Goldstone report = No gold there, protest! He met his Waterloo = I lost the war, eh? O, me! Lethal dose = O, sell Death! Dehydration = i.e. hot 'n' dry Halloween costume party = We can put on REAL clothes Inspector = I stern cop The snoring problems = Mr. robs night sleep, no? United Artists Company = Tops at cinema industry Piano recitals = I air notes, clap! Astronaut Neil Alden Armstrong = Moon landing - rarest, real stunt! Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal = Here, lad makes Allah ashamed The ignoramus = Mr. 'A hot genius' The singer Dana International = Dashing national entertainer Fruits and vegetables = Best value. Fits garden = Defeat starving-blues The middle ear = Did let me hear The Emperor's New Clothes' fairy tale = Yells of: 'HM creep, he wears not attire!' Former cities of East Berlin and West Berlin = Two became one. Residents refill rift in bars Michelin star = Meal ain't rich? The dormitory = Roomed thirty 'There's Something About Mary' = Both youngsters' aim: mate her Siberian weather = A bias here - winter Russian city of Perm = Music party is on fire = No music party. Fire! = A 'crispy' misfortune The Climate Talks = Task: Halt ice melt! Osama bin Mohammed, bin Awad bin Laden = I who bombed lands, I bad man, I a mean man West Qurna oilfield = Iraq: Found well site = Oldest fuel in W.Iraq 'Up in the air', starring George Clooney = Hero in one great picture gains glory Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi = I cunning producer of festive operas Little Red Riding Hood = I, girl, 'hired' to tend old Well known fairy tale 'Little Red Riding Hood' = They - little girl and leerin' wolf in dark wood Bruce Springsteen, alias 'The Boss' = A superb singer! Best hits! So clean! The Nigerian terrorist Umar Farouk Abdulmutaliab = Fraud, a liar, true killer targets to ruin, a human-bomb The knight in shining armour = Thinking - Union! He's a Mr.Right! Porsche Carrers GT = Sport car, her grace = Recharge sport car The Israeli Defense Force = Teen soldiers face fire, eh Captain Chelsey B.Sullenberger III = Bet he rescues plane in a big, icy rill The Middle East Peace Talks = Semites talked. Dealt pact, eh? The Italian sculptor Nicola Pisano = I can cut, tailor, polish a plain stone The Great Ocrober Socialist Revolution = Itch to a terrible violence. So, tsar, go out! Ukraine's Viktor Yanukovich = You think crank Kiev-saviour? Astrud Gilberto = Old, true, big star Sylvester Stallone in the Rambo series = Artist's silent, lonely hero seems brave Senior Hamas military commander Mahmoud Abdel Rauf al-Mabhouh = Harmful man, amoral man. A team murdered him. Chaos in Dubai...Shalom, boy! The singer Andrea Bocelli = Gee, so I real blind chanter! = I real blind chanter. Go, see. Singer Alison Moyet = I'm any genre soloist Singing can rebuild the damaged brain = Chant, use rigid madrigal and be benign! Popsicle = Ice plops Paramedic = Apace, I'm Dr President Akio Toyoda = i.e. Park, son, Toyota died = Disdain or keep Toyota? = Toyota in dark episode Toyota Motor Corp President = End to car's promoter too. Pity. Some electrons, protons and neutrons = Represent control on atom soundness Boneyard = Body near = Bay or end? Country music group 'Lady Antebellum' = Young play demotic, cultural numbers The Costa Rica vacation = Can visit to cacao-earth The Eighty Second Academy Awards = They mediated, changed Oscar ways Female's reproductive system = Cultivates my free sperm dose The number representing the ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle = Remember crucial rate, interchange's term, coefficient Pi -- three dot one four Mary Isabel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien known as Dusty Springfield = British woman-singer. Spriest talent been frankly adored by audience The former American President Ronald Wilson Reagan = Transposed from cinema to engineer near, hard, ill war Mister Carlos Slim Helu = I, richest male, roll sums Find amazing deals on top vacations = Facing a dozen valid stations on map The 'Alice in Wonderland' story = A child enters inane toy-world = or Teeny child at insane world The kleptomaniacs = Pinch to make steal Kleptomaniacs = Pick, steal, moan A French Revolution = France, violent hour The Great Wall of China = Ah, watch at long relief! Great City of London = Only detraction - fog The Russian Revolution = Lenin, he's tutor & saviour Message = Gee, a SMS! The Nuclear talks = All nuke-chatters = Call - 'Nuke's threat!' = All rest chat 'nuke' The Icelandic largest volcano = Tectonic ash covering all dale NASA faked the moon landings = Fans asked to hang on damn lie = Hang on to damn lies and fakes The video game industry = Media diverts The Young Video game industry = Toy's a drug - 'Dive in me! The Children of Israel = Search The Lord in life = I, Teacher, Lord in flesh = Re: Lord left HIS in each = Hi, Lord's eternal chief! All skin types body lotion = Sold by silky potential, no? The Prime Ministerial Debates = Theme: Elite Brits spar in media Goldman Sachs Group = Scrap hoodlums gang! Good atheist = O, God hates it! The Good Samaritan = Oh, great aids to man! = O, it a God's earthman! Good Samaritan = To air a God's man The International Journal of Obesity = Learn to abolish routine fat 'n' enjoy it Veronica Siwik-Daniels = Sin a sin. I a wicked lover The paterfamilias = It is male, pa, father = I spelt - I am a father Dzhanet Abdurakhmanova = Bad knave, hazard to human The Sword of Damocles = Shadow reflects doom The Sherwood forest = Few trees host R. Hood Sherwood = We R. Hoods Separation of Church and State = So, hence faith and courts apart Sir Isaac's Newton apple tree = One scientist prepares a law = A scientist seen a proper law = A precise law's presentation 'That sounds good to me' [British song in Eurovision songs contest] = Smooth, outdated song = That song so outmoded = Oh, most outdated song! A normal G-spot = Plan to orgasm A concord = On accord The CEO of British Petroleum Tony Hayward = Unworthy; hefty oil spot bothered America [driver] Danica Sue Patrick = Pick a car and use it What is the square root of hundred? = Huh, is adequate for short word - TEN! Brooklyn = Look NY br. [br.: bridge] The Otis Elevator Company = Can help move it to a storey The Royal Shakespeare Company = Hope to see rare play & many hacks The nuclear holocaust = Count chaos, a true Hell The cyanide poisoning = Hi, nice sip to end agony! = Hey, poignant decision! = Hygienic end as option The cyanide = They can die = Nice death? Y? 'Romeo and Juliet' story = Read to motley juniors 'God bless America' = So sad - beg miracle Actress Elizabeth Taylor = Eyes-blaze. Total, rich star = Christ, eyes-blaze! To altar! [had many husbands] The surrealist Salvador Dali = Shares 'visual riddle' art a lot 'Repuglicans' = Pigs can rule Eleven hours and five minutes = Isner v Mahut use 'EVEN' on field Oh, need hat ~ on the head! Eldrick Tont 'Tiger' Woods = OK, credit to golden wrist! Arlington National Cemetery = One can integrate in army toll The Arlington National Cemetery = All gone hero; an interment at city The tennis player Tomas Berdych = My, Nadal's best there! Nice trophy! Cholesterol = O, he rots cell! 'Romeo and Juliet' play = All enjoy prude 'Ti amo!' Robert James Fischer = I, brat from chess, jeer EMINEM's album 'Recovery' = My more venerable music The World Cup Finals ~ has plentiful crowd Santiago Solari = O, I a star in goals! The sculptor Auguste Rodin = O, producing result - statue! Caryn Elaine Johnson (Whoopi Goldberg) = Oh, girl alone can bring deep joy on show! Humphrey Bogart = Bah, Mr. Rough Type! Maria Magdalene Dietrich = I, emigrant, made a rich deal The Tropical Storm Bonnie = Not norm, it's peril to beach Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar = Rare human handles stick The Bram Stoker's gothic novel 'Dracula' = Lug-charmer attacks others' blood-vein Mahatma Gandhi = A man had a might The politician Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi = A thin chap, India-man, had chaste and grim look Tyson Gay stuns world-record holder Usain Bolt = Oh, actually, odd boy is world's strongest runner! Peace won't come soon to Middle East = We (Semites) concede to 'A plan to doom' Congeals = So, can gel Ritalin tablets = Brat still eatin' Eggs from Iowa farms could come to a table near you = Omelet food-bug's long way from America to a saucer Top Gear' with host Jeremy Clarkson = Joker at the glimpse on worthy cars Political memoirs = Topic - immoral lies Congenial = Angelic, no? = Nice gal, no? A lottery of Mega Millions = A lot of money, still mirage The urine sample = Human pees liter 'Decision Points' by George W. Bush = Tipsy one describing W. House-bog = W. House President is big con, bogy = Describing bogey-post in W. House = Despot-bogey scribing in W. House = Bogy begins W. House description = W. House Pres. Bio: boggy incidents = Not big, dysgenic W. House Pres. Bio = Icy, ebbing, sot Pres. doing W. House Netanyahu: Agreement possible within year = Unison-time is here, elegant pathway nearby An hermaphrodite = Hinted - her ma or pa = Mother 'n' pa, I heard = Or Hid there ma 'n' pa The 'Monty Python's Flying Circus' = Snotty, funny, sprightly, comic, eh? Lipogrammatic sentences = Means: comic gap in letters Tropical Storm Matthew = The worst, mortal impact Diego Tristan = Giant steroid L. Apotheker = Take HP role = OK, relate HP! = Leo - HP taker = Trek a HP, Leo!" An evil-minded = Devil DNA in me = I manned devil = Named in devil ~ and devil in me California leaders agree on budget = Arnold and Co. tie agreeable figures The wind farms = Men wish draft Samsung telephones = Huge panels note SMS Manic Street Preachers = Parenthetic screamers = Creeps scream in the 'art' Nepotism = Mine tops = Mine's top Robert Edwards = Bred to rewards Robert G. Edwards = Bred, got rewards She never satisfied = Has five/ten desires Armoury = Our army The film 'Last Tango in Paris' = Fate, thrill, mating, passion Last Tango in Paris = A pair lost in angst = Stars in plot again The self-driving car = First grand vehicle? Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan = It's a major remake in Nippon senate = Major mistake in Nippon senate era The archipelago = Oh, pelagic earth! A sycophant = O, nasty chap! Stage IV cancer = Accent is 'Grave' The attorneys = Honest treaty Demi Lovato = Maid to love The crematorium = Time to char & mure Show host Piers Morgan = Shoots his new program A protesting = Anger: 'Stop it!' The abortion = Hi, bear no tot! = Botheration The sailor = Soil! Earth! = Rah! to isle = Lo, is earth! The fashion model Hyoni Kang = Ah my, she hot and fine looking! Chilean miner Edison Pena = Nice man deep in soil. He ran Diana, the Princess of Wales = In past, Charles' one sad wife A Personal Computer = Mac or Apple? Not sure Taylor Swift = First to yawl The launch of a nuclear missile = Uranium cancels life, eh? So, halt! All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree (Einstein) = See, Lord an engineer of all the necessaries & each brain. (Smart scientist) British couple finally freed from Somali pirates = Pitifully, it is release of Chandlers pair from mob The airport screeners = Hence, reap terrorists = Pester in terror chase The soprano prodigy Jackie Evancho = Enjoy hot voice, cap her - kid's paragon! Ireland bailout fails to calm nervy Spain and Portugal = An actual Erin's fault - very appalling Madrid (Lisbon too) The WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange = Judas white analogue? I like frankness! Pharisaical = Chap is a liar The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark = Hero, man from play, detected father-king Ahamednijad = Me and a jihad President Ahmadinejad = I presented a damn jihad Medal of Honor = O, for homeland! Bankruptcies = Neat bucks r.i.p. = Pertain bucks Iran nuclear talks get under way = Take warnings naturally - reduce Die Antwoord = A new, odd trio [Australian trio] "The Social Network" = Owner likes to chat Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly = Ah, I a bully, outlaw, bad mad Arab! [suspected Stockholm suicide bomber] The world's oldest profession" = Words define hostess (trollop) Department of Homeland Security = Protect needy/haunted from Islam Isabelle Caro = Bale calories! Prying as ~ a spy ring Sistine Chapel = Hi, nice pastels! The rose diamond = Oh, admired stone! The dementia ~ ate thee mind The grave condition = Can invite her to God "'Welcome to the pleasure-dome!' = O-O, here we made lust complete! Niagara Falls in New York, United States = Features a lot waters, sinking any lad in More birds drop dead in US = Odd end, a morbid surprise Medal of Honor = Hero? Damn fool! Players LeBron James and Kobe Bryant = Or spry, dear men enjoy NBA basketball Innocency = None cynic Iran vows to bring Israel to justice over alleged murder of nuclear scientist = Terrible, cruel assassination! Give more loud, urgent trial for convicted Jews! "The Social Network" Dominates Golden Globes = O, looks well, good, best, the grandest in cinema! The antidepressant medicine = Inspect, treat men inside head The breast cancer = Er...can't bare chest The Australian Open females competition = i.e. Na Li, at finals, to meet one top, sure champ The Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak = Keeps denying riot in Arab state. Humph! Demonstrations in Cairo, Egypt = O, many incidents, top rage, riots! US Begins Evacuation Flights From Cairo = Thus Americans leaving focus of big riot President Hosni Mubarak = Riots punish and break me Deflorations = O, lad - first one! = Not for ladies! Silicone breast = Celebration, sis! = Is license to bra = So, nicest bra - lie?! Life on other planets = Let proof aliens, then! A 'Trident Splash' [chewing gum] = Let's snap it hard! Metropolitan Opera stage = Get, meet soprano-alto pair The Spartans military education = I'm stoical student, I parry Athena Juxtaposition = Up to joint axis Michelangelo Buonarroti's "Creation of Adam" = O, God touches 'mire-born' man to a fair alliance! = Ah, mere Italian fresco in color about man & God Fashion models = Fool maids & hens = Do some flashin' Monotheism = ONE, Him most The promiscuity = i.e. (sic) Try to hump The serial monogamist = Noisome, straight male = To smash one girl a time = At most, he aims one girl = Aims one gal (short time) Beautiful engagement ring = Great blue genuine gift, man! Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies [Aristotle] = But wife is spiritless, emotionless obligation... good vocal, no head Slave trader = Sad traveler Israel is an island of the democracy = Holy Land is a main force, sacred site = Holy Land nice, sacred site from Asia Apophis Asteroid = Ooh, it disappears! Our marvelous Planet Earth = Pure love, as natural mother = Mother, a supernatural love Obama's second year = May score as bad one Teenage girl collapses and dies after first kiss = Registered fatal necking for lass. It displeases. Solution for everything = History: Not gunfire - LOVE! Los Angeles 'Clippers' forward Blake Griffin = Offers NBA life, grace, lip, power, grand skills Egypt echoes across region: Iran, Bahrain, Yemen = Arabs seethe, copy Cairo's harmony-engineering 'They Might Be Giants' = Sing the mighty beat 'Sacramento 'Kings' player Omri Casspi [first Israeli in NBA]= Israeli sportsman picks racy game, no? Middle East protests = Old states distemper A slot machine = Ah, metal coins! Just in time = JIT (minutes) The wrongly imprisoned man = My, got drawn in irons!..Help me! 'Belly Fat Free' [diet book] = Be flat, freely! Russian Roulette = O, result ain't sure! Arab world unrest = Darn troubles, war! Space shuttle Discovery's last launch = NASA cuts the travel ship's loud cycle Actress Natalie Portman = Name Oscar in latest part The adversary = Very sad hater Contraction is ~ a constriction The architect Antoni Gaudi = A neat church got initiated Pedophiles = Pope-shield The priests-pedophiles = Pope shields their step Kilometers = Trek 'o miles The Port of Marseilles = Temple for the sailors? Master in Business = In best US seminars The oil prices = Politics here Japan's death toll = A planet had jolts Antonio Banderas = O, one star in a band! The Michelin stars = Hints richest meal Fukushima nuclear plant = Fk up, hurt all Asian men! Minister Ya'alon = Israel, my nation = National misery Obama declares himself candidate for re-election = Fatherland, once more! Democratic lead is feasible! The whodunit = Who hunted it? Whodunit = Wound, hit ... The synagogues = Gen: Goys hate us What Every Man Thinks About Apart From Sex [book without any text inside] = Man hankers but for sex (improve at that way) = No text (Ah, rakish empty wet man favours bar!) Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss = Twins: Conversely, 'No deal, Mark!" Is the president of the Czech Republic a pen stealer? = Therefore, citizens (the public) peep leader's snatch The battle for Libya = Be ally of that tribe = Ah, battle of liberty! Staphylococcus aureus = A cuss at you...Help! Succor! Liberty alliance = Call entire Libya! Rockabilly style = Best; lyrically OK Deadly tornadoes = O, destroyed a land! 'Hold It Against Me'" = Let a hot maid sing! = Lad, I'm hot! (teasing) The official royal wedding list = Rigidly follow it, find each seat The Royal Couple: Prince William and Kate Middleton = Two, tumidly married, like place in the London palace Death of bin Laden = End of a blind hate US forces killed Osama bin Laden = Skillful Americans; one s.o.b. dead Real pundit = Prudential The monosodium glutamate = Oh, go mum, don't use it at meal! Sarah Burton, the royal wedding dress designer = Gown's author dressed a bride in her grand style A literary pseudonym = Dispel your arty name = I.e. arty/proud/sly name A prostate = Arse at top Model Elisabetta Canalis = So, belle Italian dame acts A precious metal = Some Au particle = Prime Au (etc. also) The married couple Rose Pollard and Forrest Lunsway = Amour for teens: such old pair, really old partners wed The sectarian = Heart in caste Osama Bin Laden = Bold man in a sea The Spain, Barcelona = Catalonians b.p. here Real actors = Oscar, later The 'Cold Meat Industry' = Dealt hot, trendy music 'Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides' = Picaroons fantasies 'grab' better in three D Wet dream = Drew mate Bernardo Bertolucci 'Ultimo tango a Parigi' = Plot: Brando - coital guru, Maria - erotic being The politician = I in plot, I cheat = O, I pathetic nil! Nickname of Paris - The City of Lights = O, is French capital sky of nighttime! Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni = I on huge oil-color icons, I'm David in marble too Martin Scorsese = So, it's a Mr. Screen! Harold Egbert Camping = The glam END or big crap? Eric Patrick Clapton = It a clip, park concert... = I clip concert at park Angela Dorothea Merkel = Took real German lead, eh = O, OK! The real German lead! Sean Kingston [fat singer] = One 'tank' sings Diplomatic relations = O damn, it's realpolitic! Michael Sylvester Stallone = Let's call sly Vietnam heroes! = Call 'sly-steel' Vietnam's hero = Style? Shall master violence! = The cinema star, sells lovely = He's levelly-lost cinema star Don Corleone = No one colder Vito Corleone = Root violence = O, violent core! Minerals = Real Si, Mn... Tornadoes = No rest, ado Endeavour ends final mission with the smooth landing = So, main shuttle now home and finished in doing travels The nuclear power = New help - U-reactor Peter Iroga of the Solomon Islands [biggest feet in the world] = Oh, go on, pal airs solid monster feet! A sculpture = Sure cut, pal = Real cuts up Sting And The Police = Apt, nice, golden hits = Poetic England hits = Top in his elegant CD Israeli government = A revenger, no limits The Israeli government = Ah, stern violent regime! Monster Arizona wildfire threatens line of mountain towns = Ministrations time now - all zone was under threat of inferno Claude Monet's series of 'Water Lilies' = Delicate flowers lie on stream issue = U see master's delicate flowers in oil He slept with her and her, and her = Ha! The shrewd philanderer, then The 'Gay Girl in Damascus' = Such damaging, stray lie The first total lunar eclipse of the year = Earth truly tips on face of her satellite Very nice solo album = Music by lover, alone Afghanistan troop drawdown = Adopt 'No war!' and 'No war fights!' 'Saturday Night Fever' - the original movie sound-track = Younger kid Travolta, him dancing over feature's hits Deforestation = Toasted on fire? = O, fit on a desert! Ben-Gurion = One big run Hotel California = O, a nice hit for all! = One fair local hit Ratko Mladic = I'm a dark clot = Dark-aim clot A Freedom Flotilla = More aid of all Left 'I need a dollar' [song] = Deal dire loan Search for tequila = Chase after liquor Inheritance = Ancient heir The penalties = Settle pain, eh = Let's pain thee Bethanie Lynn Mattek-Sands = The bland Yanks tennis team = Ken, had many tennis battles = Talent; makes tennis by hand Trabajo = Art? A job! 'Electric Light Orchestra' band = All graced the British concert = Recall big-hits-thread concert? = Call gathered British concert 'Don't Leave Me This Way' = My love awaits the end? 'Hold It Against Me' = It's gal-made-hit, no? Peter Falk as Columbo = O, masterful bleak cop! = Famous Lt. (bleaker cop) Volcano Erupts in the Central Indonesia = i.e. Cone-center spits hot lava on land. I run Is western democracy alive in Egypt? = Cairo new system angrily deceptive Turkey insists on apology to normalize Israel ties = i.e. Zion must tell, noisily, to Ankara 'Sorry', stop siege Village People, 'In the navy' = Appealing, even lovely, hit 'You Can't Stop the Music' = You must set phonic act 'Waterloo' by the Swedish group Abba = Two babes & boys reap huge old war hit 'Kings of Leon' [one family rock band] = One-folk sing The National Basketball Association = Aha, attention, it a 'All-Black obsession'! Hot weather = The heat-row The Mubarak's trial = Air the brutal mask! True economic recovery = i.e. To overcome currency Pavonine = Vain, open Singer Andrea Bocelli = Recognise a real blind Arnold George Dorsey alias Engelbert Humperdinck = Good old singer. Legend, put - shiny remarkable career Enrique Iglesias = I a sequel-singer, I Enrique Miguel Iglesias Preysler = I sing regularly (I prime sequel, see) The Biblical inspirations = Rabbi's lithe lips in action The Metropolitan Police Service = Teach people: Violent riots - crime! Cholera Outbreaks Spread Across Somalia = Disease hurts a poor black-color mass area The hurricane Irene = Her ire can ruin thee 'Time to say goodbye' = Today? O, time goes by! 'The Gulag Archipelago' = A huge tragic gaol. Help! = Huge gaol; graphic tale Emasculation = Cut one salami The McDonald's restaurant = Dr.: A stunned stomach alert! = Such rotten, standard meal Sarah Louise Heath Palin = Hail, hail eh? Not a USA Pres.! A TV show 'Wheel of Fortune' = Wow, have lots of fun there! You don't belong here = End trouble, honey. Go! Asteroid to narrowly miss Earth = A disaster nearly hits tomorrow Israeli Navy Boards Boats Bound for Gaza = No doubt, Zion ably ravages aids for Arabs The actor Laurence Olivier = Occur in a live theatre role Coldplay 'Paradise' = i.e. Lads do play crap British Monarchy = Ah, my rich Britons! = My, this baron rich! The Global Positioning System = Lost? Sighing? Listen to map & obey! Gilad Shalit is free = He's glad, fit Israeli Tropical islands = All is in postcard = Local spirit, sand... The tropical islands archipelago = Nice, hot hot girls! Paradisal place! Sperm donation = One imports DNA Georgios Papandreou = Europe-gang aids poor Bill and Hillary Clinton = I call it Horny 'n' All Blind Teenagers' faces = Age festers acne A see-through lingerie = Oh, agree, nighties lure! A bull in a china shop = Ouch! Pain in balls! Ah! Miss Angola Leila Lopes = O, a gal pleases millions! 'No games, no politics, no delays' = As one slogan: 'Once, simply do it!' The E-coli outbreak = Trouble: I eat, choke... A lonely housewife = Uh, fellow, I easy one! The "God Particle" mystery = Get my secret? Ah, pity! (Lord) The Facebook fans = Batch of fake ones Tens of thousands of protesters pressure Putin = These students offer no support to Russian Pres. The George Lucas Star Wars movies ~ Came with several gorgeous stars Iran court sentences American to death = Tehran to a decent man: 'Our secrets in CIA?' The most beautiful girl = To us - right-built female Italy cruise ship 'Costa Concordia' = Chaos, corpses, a loud cry. Titanic II? Reverse play = Verse replay Recipes = Re: spice Egyptian court continues trial of Mubarak = Prosecution back in to maul a tyrant figure Gloria Marie Steinem [feminist] = i.e. Tie - girl or man SAME! = A tiresome girlie, man = To me, marriage is line = I'm same one irate girl Rick Santorum = Mr. Crank is out! Mr. Penis = Spermin' Bashar Assad = Has Arabs sad The Beatles "Yellow submarine" = My heart below blue silent sea Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (Mr. Bean) = A nitwit, bananas. Man so berserk, no? = See a born artist. I'm known bananas 'Sports Illustrated' = Loud starlets strip = Top stars. Still rude Whitney Houston, superstar of records, films, dies = A terse End of the Show. Loss for music industry. RIP Valentine Day card = Evidently a canard Tu Bishvat holiday [Jewish New Year of the Trees] = Hi, bush vital today! Ruined teeth 'n' canals? = The dental insurance! The poseur = Posture, eh The Obama's birth control policy = Catholics, abortion thy problem? An unemployment report = True, man, plenty poor men! 'War Horse' = Rare show! Hague fears Iran could start 'new Cold War' = Accuser: Tehran is awful, a danger to world Anthony Shadid, Reporter = That one had sorry end. RIP. "Disturbing" study finds nineteen percent of the teens drive after using marijuana = Every fifth junior uses drugs during ride?... Instant penitence and finest abatement! All you ever wanted = A new lady...true love! Egomania = O, me, again! The ladies' corsets = Let's aid sore chest Nuclear negotiations with Iran = No cure in isolating Tehran? Wait! A jowl = Lo, jaw! Nehru-Gandhi families = Indians rule. High fame The motion picture 'A Beautiful Mind' = O, impute it to deceitful human brain! The Encyclopedia Britannica will no longer be printed = Cannot print & charge. Will be replaced by online edition. Santorum = A nostrum Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean = Hi, fine Captain Cameron can reach it! Lofty = To fly Burma elections = Troubles came in = O, misrule can't be! [Bin Laden's wives] Kharia Hussain Sabir, Siham Sharif and Amal Ahmad Abdul Fateh = Ah, familiar shaikh Bin Laden had us (as surah) - Arab-faith madams! What happens after we die? = Safe pew with harp at Eden = Few rap, weep in that Hades The silicon breast = O, elite chests in bra! The brassiere = It's her bra, see Pleasures = Are pluses Egypt's Presidential Elections = No perils - settles peace, dignity President Barack Obama's administration = Americans in prostration. Bad, bad mistake! The Iran nuclear talks = Attack's near? Ruin, hell! Non-violence works = Reckon - love wins, no? Walt Disney's motion picture 'Mary Poppins' = I, prim polite nanny, support domestic ways The movie 'Wanderlust' = Theme: Tour, view lands Stallone in 'Rambo' movies = Violent man's role (I am s.o.b.) Truvada (Gilead Sciences Incorporated) = Ordered top vaccine against cruel AIDS 'The sound of silence' = Let end of such noise Walt Disney's movie Pinocchio = Wood-chips toy lives in cinema The Walt Disney's Pinocchio = This chap - tiny wooden slice Yad Vashem holocaust memorial = Huh, local aim to save sad memory The National Weight-Loss Plan = Thin/lean - no' pigs', total 'whales' President-elect Francois Hollande = France dispelled rotten Nicolas, eh Obstetrician = I notice brats Path of least resistance = Easiest plan for the acts Planet Bollywood = One lowly, bad plot "Diapers and politicians should be changed often -- both for the same reason." = No sham - shit is shit! Unappealing fecal odor, bad scent, and therefore booed. Stupefaction = Inept at focus Singer Joshua Ledet = Judge: "This one's REAL! Dancing with the stars = Scan the hard twisting 'Madame Bovary' = O, very 'bad mama'! Saturday Night Live = Arty laugh inside TV = Try a laugh inside TV Done! = O, end!	A Hard Day's Night
What bird is also called the green plover or peewit	Internet Anagram Server : Anagrams by Pinchas Aronas The cougar = or Huge cat Alibi = I bail Oscar statue = To ace US star Spermicide = I crimp seed The Titanic disaster = Death, it starts in ice Egalitarian = Anti-regalia Singer Maria Callas = All screaming arias The Cuban cigars = Thus, a big cancer Claustrophobia = Car, ship, loo - tabu Painter Fernand Leger = Prefer 'Engine Land' art Sir Stanley Matthews = Means star with style Crime novelist = Trims violence Diego Maradona = An arm? Good idea! The pornographic websites = It's her boring peep show act Last wish = This's law = With lass Fashion designer = Fine rig and shoes = Oh, gain fine dress! The astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus = Space motion: our Earth circles Sun, no? = Space's our home. I learn construction. The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot = New chemists often active out there, in Zion = A home of true Zetetics & new inventions itch [Zetetic - a seeker] The famous American actor Charlie Chaplin = On air, the small chap of true archaic cinema Olympiad = I do my lap Actor Sylvester Stallone = Very cool talentless star God is everywhere = WORD giver, he eyes! Great city of London = Root city of England = No clarity, fog noted 'Aerosmith' = More A hits Certainly not = Can't rely on it Chairman Gates = A magnate's rich Charles Darwin's theory of evolution = Soul of vital, narrow, chosen heredity Miss Serena Williams = Win slam, smile arises The video camera = A home art device Actor Sidney Poitier = One Oscar. 'Pity, I tried!' The Costa Brava region of Spain = Anchoring of private sea-boats Generalissimo = Legions, armies Bermuda triangle = Mirage & brutal end Parodist = I do parts Sir Lancelot and Guinevere = Intrigues can end real love Spanish senorita = She's not Parisian The group 'Guns'n'Roses' = Ogre runs up the songs Hebrew University of Jerusalem = Sure, our very able Jewish men fit Great Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa' = or Versed Italian man's 'La Gioconda' = 'La Gioconda'. As normal, rates -DIVINE = One arrant diva's smile - 'La Gioconda' William Westmoreland = Well, solid wartime man = I will lead war moments To cast pearls before swine = Can refer to possible waste Singer Billy Ocean = Really sonic being Painter Michelangelo Buonarroti = Heart into marble or upon a ceiling Carte blanche = Cancel the bar The aftermath of Katrina = Take that hat off, mariner The Gambino family = Might be Mafia only ...and they lived happily ever after = Delivered that very happy finale Arctic expedition = An exotic iced trip Michel Salgado = He'd claim goals Actor Robin Williams = Clown or a bit similar Motion picture 'A beautiful mind' = Delirium but a fine computation Greenwich station = Whence I got trains Confessional = On scale of sin French composer Claude Achille Debussy = A bunch of classic cheery model preludes Actress Maria Schneider = Dame is a rich screen star The French riots = Torch, then fires Riots in French capital = Conflict in Paris heart Private detective Sherlock Holmes = Let's harm the evil deceptive crooks! The true meaning of Christmas = Feast & other charming minutes = She for using time at merchant = Unearth gifts & memories, chant... = Cherish a great moment, it's fun! South American countries = He came to tour Inca's ruins Actor Louis De Funes = Fatuous screen-idol The famous animator Walt Disney = Author of tiny sweet/mad animals The Golden Globe Awards Ceremonial = Other adorable cinema legends glow 'Ivanhoe' by Sir Walter Scott = His best war-atrocity novel = Brave hero in a costly twist = Best historic novel (art way) = War-taste by historic novel A sore throat = Orators hate The Simpson's cartoons = Spastic Homer, snot son... Poltergeist = It spelt 'ogre' The President of the United States of America George Walker Bush = A gangster from the White House undertakes debate-free politics Heathrow Airport, London = Rain? Hop to another world! Actress Sienna Rose Miller = Star in lesser cinema roles William Henry Gates = Get a share in my will! = My wealth real, I sign = My wealth is in large = Largely, I with means = Regally, I with means Princess Stephanie of Monaco = In casino, perhaps? Comes often The Apartheid = Hit, rape, death 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the Earth' = Human, fill this planet further. Reputably, indeed. The girl of your dreams = Must glorify & adore her Mother's Day cards = Cross my heart, Dad. Scum of the Earth = Term of such hate British Airways = Brits & Irish away! Christians, Muslims and the Jews = Jerusalem stands within schism The singer Little Richard = Recreated thrilling hits 'Murder on the Orient Express' by Agatha Christie = Examine it. It's death, horror, passenger-butchery. A somersault = Use arms a lot The actress Meryl Streep = Respect her master style Hyundai Entourage = Genuine hardy auto A night to remember = The big rare moment Mideast = Mad site A motor vehicle = Oil the car & move A person morbidly concerned with his health = Er...man bothered with illness? Hypochondriac! Carnegie Hall in New York city = I hear concert. Likely yawning Stanley Laurel and Oliver Hardy = 'Heavy and Lean' is ultra-drollery! (Kirk Douglas) Issur Danielovitch Demsky = Hick is suddenly movie star There is no God but Allah = Slaughter, hate in blood Espaniol = Ole, Spain! 'The weakest link' = Think, talk...we see. Whitney Elizabeth Houston = Is not white, hazel...but honey! I am terrible with names = Wait, remember! Hi, Stalin! General Augusto Jose Ramon Pinochet Ugarte = Generates pogrom, outrageous Chilean junta The spirit board = Prohibited arts Middle Eastern nations = Nested in mad relations = Latin? No, darned semites! Beatles 'Yellow submarine' = We'll be in a stormy blue sea Ehud Olmert reaches out to the Palestinians = Ruler has hinted solution to the M.East peace Ehud Olmert reaches out to Palestinians = Solution to the peace in M.East - hard rules Penis enhancement surgeries = Nurse, get me spare nine inches! The President of the Russian Federation = Sir Putin, he's head in 'not-free-of-Red' state The Apple Macintosh = Machines apt to help The narcolepsy = Nap costly here = Not chary sleep = Oh, nap secretly! = Lot 'cheery' naps Israeli government = Naive Olmert, resign! 'Oliver Twist' by Charles Dickens = Accents British kid so very well Muslims face increasing 'Islamophobia' in Europe = I'm Arab, I feel repugnance, omission impious clash Eve Ensler's 'The vagina monologues' = Loose heroine's vulva engagements English children's books author Beatrix Potter = Can explore old kin stories through the rabbits 'Travels into several remote nations of the word, in four parts, by Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, and then a captain of several ships' = Adventures of noble Gulliver in different countries - arrival to short people state (war-maven) , Giants... hopes, traumas, finally - horses [The original title of Gulliver's Travels] Actor Stephen Glenn Martin = Prattling man on the screen = Acting person. Enthralment The professional dancers = Share floor and nice steps The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy = i.e. Giant spire on the way to fall A pressure mounts on Olmert to resign = Israel: No sneers, our ortten PM must go Martin Scorsese's 'The Departed' = The 'Desires Oscars' department = Masterpiece herds noted stars Sinbad The Sailor = Listen his 'Abroad!' = Islander & his boat = This old sea-brain Madonna Louise Ciccone = Nice music and a cool one! Kabbalistic = Is 'black' a bit The Asian = Ah, in East! Mary Wollstonecraft = Normally, wrote facts Suicides = Cuss, I die! Human genetic code = Get choice, menu - DNA 'The hunchback of Notre Dame' written by Victor Hugo = Great French book, vetoed mutant boy within church Love and Eroticism = No more civil dates Addition = AND, idiot! Members of Parliament = A PM Blair & some fret men = PM T. Blair & fearsome men = Amoral men, fibs, temper Captain Nemo = Ocean-pit man Writer Boris Leonidovich Pasternak = Historical prose, evident brainwork Is there intelligent life on Mars? = Those infirm little green aliens? The little green aliens = Real intelligent, these! The Walt Disney Parks = Wealthy parents' kids The film actress Sophia Loren = Oh, she a perfect millions star! Godless dollar = A lordless gold [there is no 'In God we trust' on it] Confiture = Once fruit Rossini's 'The barber of Seville' = Irresistible shaver of nobles The arhythmias = Hah, it's my heart! Bacon, artist = Abstraction Actress Uma Thurman = Human trusts camera Bush administration = Is brutish damnation The erection = To entice her Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun = Blond Frau had an evil rat Compensation = On past income The tornado destroys Kansas town = No roads and estates, thrown to sky The Kalahari desert = Heat, real death-risk Walt Disney,'The Lion King' = Ain't the kids yelling now! Livres = Silver The 'Live Earth' concerts = Recent vocal hits there Model Paris Hilton = Poor mind is lethal Pentagon leaders' ambition = End to Palestinian embargo His harem = Share him Suite 'Pictures at an exhibition' = Hear it, it is nice tunes about pix Eating kosher = Seeking Torah = Eager to knish Federal Republic of Germany = Friendly place for a beer-mug Walt Disney's movie 'The Lion King' = Moving! Now all tiny kids see it, eh? This great nation of ours = O, (for the ignorant) it's USA! Hideous man = In madhouse Hurricane Flossie = Careful, is inshore! = Oh, insure life, cars! Michael Praetorius = I hear real top music Sting and 'The Police' = Taped nice long hits = This poetic England! Osama Bin Laden urges Americans to convert = Once again a 'reverent' Muslim on broadcasts Singer Luciano Pavarotti = Curtains to a living opera = Top, raising, natural voice = On air pure, giant vocalist Siad Barre = Arab is Red Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California = Broad long avenue traces false illusions Beautiful woman = But I am awful one! The Ebola viruses = Those abuse liver Noriega = I an ogre Roadside bombing in Baghdad = Odd Arabs did 'big bang' in home Maccabi 'Elite' Tel-Aviv = Civil, active, able team Forty two thousand and one hundred ninety five meters = Defines marathon run. Not thy event, dud - is not for weedy! Harry Potter, Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger = A master hero, worrying partner, gal - learned hoyden Free online dating service = Easier love-finding center James Fenimore Cooper = Rejoice, me man of prose! = Major income - prose-fee 'The last of the Mohicans' = O, that man! He's lost chief Fenimore Cooper's 'The Last of The Mohicans' = O, some poor ethnic chief - feathers man - lost! Great Wheel of China = Now face real height! Bhutto under house arrest in Pakistan = Aha, thanks to ruinous brute president! World Day for the Prevention of Child Abuse = I feverishly plan to watch & defend our brood = Oh, pederasty not rich love! Awful, forbidden! = Wonderful pathfinder to avoid lechers, boy! Very nice! = Even I cry! President Omar Al-Bashir = P.S. Arab is a modern Hitler 'Charlie and The Chocolate Factory' = The children each try a lot of cacao Christopher Bryan Moneymaker = Boy's poker-myth, earner, rich man Escaped tiger kills man in SF zoo = So, king-sized animal left corpse The Indian reservation = Oh, retain Red Natives IN! Gwen Renee Stefani = A fine 'n' sweet genre Diana, The Princess = Cheap and sinister? Disdain = Did a sin? Experimentations = Strip, examine, note = Exam entire points Sexually transmitted disease = Tenet: mixed lays result as AIDS 'Oprah Winfrey Network' = Ratify her known power Coteries = O, I secret! Greek hero Achilles = Reck, sir! Go heal heel! 'Rolling Stones' band = Real, not blind songs A pioneer neurologist Sigmund Freud = Grip genuine, rude solution of dreams Real sex = Relaxes Breach of promise = Boors, I'm free chap! Alexander the Great = Dare that ex-general Memories of Italy = So I, my life at Rome The female orgasms = Her most false game Composer Claude Achille Debussy = Cosy, coddle, pleasurable music, eh! 'The flight of the bumble bee' by N. Rimsky-Korsakov = Best flying rhythm took from beehive. Skulk, babe! Megabytes = By me (Gates) The stratagem = Gee! smart, that! = That gamester! The sadomasochist = So, I do the 'smash' act Schumacher = Cars chum, eh? Bruce Springsteen = Creep brings tunes Orchitis = O, sir, itch! = Oi, Christ! Little Red Riding Hood = O, Lord! The nit girl died?! Goldilocks and the three bears = Her snack good as her little bed Renault Chamade = A cruel death, man! Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas = No happiness at Middle East - I numb Arab Cabernet Sauvignon = Consent in vague bar Marlborough Galleries = All rooms huger, real big! Electric Light Orchestra = Recollect rich, great hits The latex condoms = Man clothed to sex Robert Schumann = Born-charm tunes The late Antonio Stradivari = Attained that so rare violin Yellow pages = We sell, go pay Los Angeles, California = No angels, local fairies Cholesterol = Cell-shooter Hyundai Accent GT = Naughty accident Denigration = Die, ignorant! The prostate gland = That spot enlarged Christina Applegate = Her act? It's appealing! = It's her acting appeal The Mitsubishi Motors Corporation = I ship our 'motion hit' - best motor cars Conspirator = Rat, scorpion = I spot rancor An Oedipus complex = Ma & son? O, Cupid, expel! Christopher Columbus = Such trip, such bloomer! Ulcer = Cruel Charles De Gaulle = Such legal leader Chinese restaurant = Run, taste ashen rice Adam and Eve = Even a Ma & Dad Loneliness = Ill oneness I want to be your Valentine = Attention, I buy a new lover Paris Marathon = Sport-mania. Rah! The Mountain of Parnassus = An Athens famous top ruins Common slip of the tongue = The fouling comment -'Oops!' Famous director Steven Spielberg = Best films producer. So generative! Physicist Sir Isaac Newton = So sharp (in scientistic way) The Argentinian singer Carlos Gardel = Ah, legend! Real tango star! Nice ring, sir. The equivalent = Halt, quite even! Hooliganism = Ooh, is malign! = Oh, I so malign! Man can not live by bread alone = My blot - I need banana, veal, corn... The ampersand = Here AND stamp Extraterrestrial invader = Star-rider, extravert alien Italian duce Benito Mussolini = Noisome built-in lunatic ideas Demission = I done, miss Poet Thomas Stearns Eliot = i.e. has some top-sort talent = His talent rates poems too Dame Agatha Christie = Crime-death saga. A hit. = I head that crime-saga Admiral Nelson = Droll man in sea Admiral Horatio Nelson = To mainland - sailor & hero = It an old sailor man & hero The Eurovision Song Contest = Oh, singers & contentious vote! Singer Michael Bolton = The nice rambling solo = Ah, nice trembling solo = O, chosen, brilliant gem! Peter Shilton = The sport line = Post...three-nil!!! Arsenal Football Club = Bores all but local fan Boston Wanderers = Born sores... and wet Manchester City = Yes, cretin, match! Manchester City Football Club = Soccer, but bit melancholy, flat Love is in the air = Etherial vision The wishbone = Oh, bet he wins! Bolivian President Carlos Mesa = Damn, I act so irresponsable, evil! Carlos Mesa = Some rascal Chamber music = Bach! mum cries Police = Cop lie Singer Rod Stewart = Insert great words = Testing rare words Bristol = Lo, Brits! Israeli general Moshe Dayan = Is a real one-eyed largish man Singer Whitney Houston = She young, hot. It's winner! The Sony Playstation = Nations play the toys Chernobyl, Ukraine = Bear only rich nuke Enuresis = I see runs The marriage counseling = Egomaniacs ruling there Actor Michael Landon = Calm, land-action hero The famous vampire Count Dracula = 'A human-computer' of vascular diet Miss Venus Williams = Mum is evil lass; wins The millionaire Steve Fossett = O, his interests - love, title, fame! Tom Cruise = I'm sore, cut! The morning-after pills = Timing. Hell for parents Actress Sharon Stone = One 'stars chosen' star The American actress Demi Moore = Other sacred memories at cinema A feminist = Finest aim = i.e. Fits man Montessori = I set morons The Champions League finals = Face up, English men also a hit! Separate = See, apart! Bosnia = No bias = So, I ban Wilt Chamberlain = Recall - I'm with NBA Adroitness = In trades so Angel of death = Fatal end, eh? Go! Piece of mozzarella = Free meal - pizza! Cool! Revolution in Russia = It's Lenin, our saviour Dolce far niente = Entrance of idle = Near deflection Act of God = Good fact? Spanish painter El Greco = His art - apple-green icons Painter Francisco De Goya = Aspire good, nice, fancy art Walpurgis night = Hags twirling up Bermuda shorts = Red rash to bums = Stores hard bum = Read -"Bum shorts' The Federal Republic of Germany = My forgathered peaceful Berlin = Life of much large pedantry & beer = Peaceful? Bad energy from Hitler Suicide thoughts = Got such...'Thus I die' Lucy in the sky with diamonds = What idyl! Dinky, honest music! Shine on you crazy diamond = Yon I hear odd zany music, no? (yon - yonder, there) Virulence = Cruel vein Henri Matisse = See star in him Singer Charles Aznavour = Vulgarizes rare chanson The presidential elections = He needs political interest The Australian boomerang = A real bargain to some hunt Martin Scorsese = Sir, on set, scream! = Some nicer stars = Cinema or stress = i.e. Crass monster = O sir, smart scene! = A most 'Sir Screen' The Boston strangler = Er...best 'n' long throats Albert Desalvo = Bad, revels a lot Mafioso = So, I'm oaf Andrew Gigante = We trained gang Gigante = Gang tie Arthur Gary Bishop = I harsh, abrupt, gory The Confederations Cup = Audience fetch on sport = Then top soccer - fun idea The Confederations Cup finals in Germany = Flamy Argentinian soccer often punished That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind = Moon. Spoken as man from Planet Earth nails a tinted flag Sinecure = Nice, sure Chronic fatigue syndrome = If my dear resting on couch = I charge more dysfunction The decision to marry = Erotic man, he so dirty! Territorial army and volunteer reserve = Relevant military used over near terror = Really trained maneuver over terrorist Victor Hugo's novel 'Les Miserables' = Covers big masses revolution. Hell = Scriber to involve homeless Gauls Opportunity = Option up, try (or vice versa) The night before Christmas = Rich mother's gifts beneath Pastiche = It's cheap Spanish flamenco = Oh, man's fine claps! Pedro Almodovar = Poor loved drama To err is human = Is true, no harm Salacity = Is lay-act Singer Kylie Minogue = I like money, I snugger Hellas = As Hell Michel De Nostradamus = Dreams. Much details? No! = Had some incult dreams = Had inmost-clue-dreams Composer Peter Cornelius = or One proper select music Doctor Kurt Waldheim = Demur that wild crook! = I mocked Old War truth Emotionally involved = Love? I'm not in love, lady! A blot on the landscape = Had spot on clean table = Clean had notable spot = A spot on the bald-clean The ideal woman = Want ideal home A seductress = Crude assets William Butler Yeats = Subtle wily material = I write, but all measly Felicity Huffman = Fluffy cinema hit The philosopher Immanuel Kant = Oh, people, I'm last human-thinker! Lady Caroline Lamb = I morally balanced B. Shaw's 'Pygmalion' = Bow, smashing play! Peter James Crouch = Act here, jump, score = Jump, care the score = The pure 'soccer-jam' = The soccer & a jumper The forensic pathologist = I go into that corpse flesh Admirable? = I'm real bad! The consonant = A? No, no! H, N, S, T, etc. A Middle East's arm race = Mad tale, dire massacre Don't cry for me Argentina = Tragedy. An inner comfort The author Ernest Hemingway = O, there naughty man! He writes Miss Hillary Rodham Clinton = O snot! I'll marry childish man! = I still honor my man - lad's rich! The Boeing seven-eight-seven Dreamliner = Tried? Is never seen high above, gentlemen! The New Hardee's Monster Thickburger = Shocking murderer between the trash Le tour de France = Tend lure of race Iran: No secret arms deal with Syria = No crisis. We hate and martyr Israel = Strain war-machine! Destroy Israel! The airports warned about terror dry runs = True worry. Hard to insure bared transport South Korean hostage killed by Taliban = Kinky Arabs held Asian... He got bullet too Bush and Brown seek to establish rapports = That workable partnership bounds bosses Gesticulations = It's to signal, cue Silence is golden = Lies need closing The first love = Vet, life short! (vet - to subject to thorough examination or evaluation) Venial = An evil The dipsomaniac = I am a pinched sot = Cheap mind, I a sot The soused = He used sot The soaker = He rake, sot Shakespeare, the Immortal Bard = His poems remarkable, read that Documentary 'Arctic tale' = Not act, ice-drama, cruelty = Accent to truly ice-drama = One-act dramatic cruelty The chairman Mao Tse Tung = Giant man? Scum o' the Earth! = Chinese man taught - 'To arm!'= 'Nag', he communist at heart Urethritis = Ire...it hurts! Ecstasy = Say 'Sect' (not a drug) Michel De Nostradame = The mind-made oracles = Search and model time = Oracles, I demand them! = Clear mind, do the same! = Let him dream a second = Alchemist dreamed on = Had time-clone dreams Prophet Michel de Nostradame = Hah, I prompt demented oracles! Thespian, the greatest of all = 'Salt' of the pleasing theatre Green dollar = General Lord Vinaigrette = Tang, I veer it Famous Big Ben is being silenced for the maintenance = O, Britain's time-machine enfeebled; confuses banging! The actress Marilyn Monroe = Screen-honey, immortal star = Tersely, she romantic Norma = 'Salty', secret-man in her room = Rather solemn cinema-story Napoleon = One on Alp Soichiro Honda = Hi, I on car's hood! = Ooh... and I so rich! Roman gladiator = Lad got an armor, I = Lad in toga? Armor! Calista Flockhart = Lo, flat chick - a star! First Congregational Church in Neosho, Missouri = Horrific gun shooting. Micronesian secular shot Southampton FC = O, match's top fun! David, king of Israel = I advise folk in drag The Premier Tony Blair = Horribly intemperate = Me? I terrible, phony, rat = Or...Pity, he terrible man Solomon, The King of Israel = Look 'Throne families', 'Song' = Look for mine hot sign - 'seal' = Male's in song of hit-looker "The Birmingham Symphony Orchestra = Charming rhythm, best harmony & poise The Yucatan Peninsula = A sunny ethnic plateau Ryan Seacrest = Say, screen-art Kimberly Elise Trammel = Remember me? I talk silly The director Steven Spielberg = It brightest screen developer Rocco Francis Marchegiano = A ring-icon coach arms force The Great Britain = Giant tribe & earth Eight thousand eight hundred forty eight meters = Height of highest mount. Tens dare, get hurt, dry & die Samuel Pack Elliott = Like lout pal? Cast me! Sam Pack Elliott = I'll make top acts The University of Notre Dame = Even I in to study there for MA Yellow Magic Orchestra = Create show, claim glory The Olympus Digital Camera = Picture may halt old images = Aha, my gal, old-time pictures! = Aptly 'caught' & 'laid' memories = Aim - replay 'caught' old-times The Lamborghini 350 GT = Bring that, go 530 mile/h! Lamborghini Murcileago LP640 Roadster = The prim, long, glorious & admirable car = I 'pert', admirable, glorious, long car. 460 m/h The Lamborghini Gallardo Coupe = Ah, Latin Blood Glamor! Huge price!" The Lamborghini Countach = Long machine, but oh!, car - hit! Fantastic = Ain't facts George Frideric Handel = Hear glorified genre CD 'Who wants to live forever ? = No sweat! Revolver? How fit! The movie star = Votes rate him = Rave, 'I the most!' Advocatus Diaboli = To a bad vicious lad An orgasmic release = Scream, a large noise = Scream as eager lion = Agree, a lion's scream! = Er...scream analogies Arabian horse = He is Arab roan A blessing in disguise = Gauge bliss inside sin TV show,'American Idol' = Admire now vocal hits = Hear now timid vocals = or 'New maids vocal hit' The American Idol TV Show = There domain with vocals = Hear mild voices... whatnot!? = Watch hard emotions. LIVE!" Henriette, the hurricane = Hit uncertain. Here? There? The Mosque in Karbala = Arabs kneel to HIM (qua) The Acropolis = Ooh, past relic! = Relics. A photo? = Oh, a relic tops! = Oh, lost a price! = O, sir, 'hot place'! = Heroical spot The Athens Acropolis = Aha, protect holiness! = Oh, chapel is stone-art! Chevrolet Savana = Have 'Real-Cost' van Haruomi Hosono = Ooh, harmonious! Ryuichi Sakamoto = A hit or 'okay' music (musicians from Yellow Magic Orchestra) The late George Harrison = O, he hot! Great, real singer The Bin Laden's video = Evil Bin, he's not dead! The male reproductive system = There is matey 'love-duct' & sperm = Testicle have duty - more sperm Society for the Preservation of English Language and Literature = To save there affluent heritage - original tongue, lyrics and prose = Here to help save original 'tangy' dialects for future generations A message from Sheikh Osama Bin Laden to the American people = Pentagon: See this mad fool Arab peacemaker's lie. Shame on him! The Colosseum, Italy = Oh, stately Coliseum! The Colosseum in Rome, Italy = Oh, clearly, I momentous site! = Here it 'Socially Momentous' = Timeless 'monolith' you care = Some local ruins (the moiety) 'Treasure Island' by Robert Louis Stevenson = Story about never reassured billions-nest = Notably unarrested, true silver-obsession = Unrest, troubles, banditry on overseas isle City of Los Angeles = Gents say 'Cool life! = 'To fly eagles' (coins) Indonesia = 'Nodi' in sea (nodi pl. of node - A knob, knot, protuberance) Save money, live better = Very vital beseem note = Believe monetary vets = Interest evolve? Maybe (Wal-Mart's new slogan) Manuel Noriega = I rule & manage, no? Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno = No analogue to mean moron in ire Sudan Ebolavirus = Bad (usual version) Reston Ebolavirus = A troubles version Arnold George Dorsey alias Engelbert Humperdinck = I recorded really deep, glum, heartbreaking songs, no? = I merely produced general old heartbreaking songs The Rocky Mountains = My, one hot track in US! = County to hikers, man = Many think to course = Ah, country to ski, men! Nessiteras rhombopteryx = By experts: No-harm stories = I pry best hoaxers monster (Scientific name of Loch Ness monster) Justin Timberlake = Trim junkie bleats Myanmar troops hunt pro-democracy protesters = Army cops try to 'reap' & punch more demonstrators North Korea agrees to disable main nuclear facility = America finally gathered nukes-reactor's abolition A strangulation = Lungs - 'No air!'...Ta ta! The Major League Soccer = Just cool game + career, eh? Short Message Service = It charges some verses Voulez-vous coucher avec moi ce soir? - Lady Marmalade = O, my 'crazed' chivalrous audacious lover came! Love me! Madeira = I am dear = I a dream The London Ambulance Service = Men have concerned about ills The 'Olympiakos' Piraeus = Sport is a key, 'hale opium' Dungeons & Dragons = God, no sun & dangers! C(do), D(re), E(mi), F(fa), G(sol), A(la), B(si) = I add basic formal solfege = ...did a basic formal solfege Doris Lessing = Is golden, sirs! The Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation = Utilitarian speedy succor to harm, no? Southern California's sprawling wildfires = Afwul, rising, wild Inferno strips real chaos Southern California wildfires = Ah, worried officials silent run! = Arnold with officials reinsure Southern California = Oh, arson, lunatic fire! The California's Desert = It's real, fierce, hot sand Thomas Gerard Tancredo = Rah, danger to democrats! Edouard Manet = O, 'nude' dame art! Edouard Manet, impressionist = Is some nude maiden's portrait The famous pianist Richard Clayderman = Hefty & ardent, harmonic & paradisal music A modern romance = CD 'Enamor, Enamor' The long hair = Ah, on the girl! Umpire = I'm pure = Impure? The actor Mel Gibson = The combating roles = The acting bloomers = O, matching best role! = Blame Christ, not ego Medical prescription = Receipt rids complain? A severe punishment = Vehement pains. Sure A punishment = Insane thump = I spent human = U pen this man = Pain hunts me Splendiferous = So refined, plus = Nudes profiles A contradiction in terms = Concern: Smart ain't Idiot Hugo Almeida = A goal due him The Venetian adventurer Giovanni Giacomo Casanova = Ooh, 'suave' on a virgin, on a vacant dame, a teen-virgin, etc. Online dating service = Evidencing relations Eastern Congo = On green coast = Green coast, no? The National Geographic Society = So, a photogenic cheating reality The fascist Walter Richard Rudolf Hess = Fetid worthless rascal, fetid harsh cur = A retch! This world suffered this rascal = Fuhrer's-addict thief, worthless rascal 'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man' = By aim - to flatten land Kurdish rebels = Elder Bush-'Risk!' The Taliban insurgent = He unstable intrigant The Taliban insurgents = Able in anti-US-strength The crackdown could fuel Islamic insurgency in Pakistan = Musharraf's killin' induce condign new pious-attack-cycle A television writers strike = Is trite? Real sensitive work! A Writers Guild votes to strike = Disuse o' TV glitterati & workers Composer Ludwig van Beethoven = Hove top new music. Bravo! Legend! = Have proved - belong to new music Barbara West Dainton = Was in bad, errant boat (the second-to-last survivor of Titanic) More violence in Pakistan = Police makes nation riven Indiana Jones and The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull = Ah, join lucky H. Ford seeking distant lost mean land! 'Moonlight shadow' = Old hit among show Dancing with the stars = Winners had tight acts Show 'Dancing with the stars' = Test's hard. Which tango wins? Motor City named nation's most dangerous = Detroit: Nasty crimes amount's no good, man Bush says Mideast peace talks worth the risks = Such shaky worthless debates is trap, mistake The Annapolis conference = None chance for Palestine = Here connection & safe plan = Once free nations can help = Oh, fine plan to Renascence! = Once foes, therein can plan = In there, once foes, can plan = Neat chance for open lines = Planners of neaten choice = Hence, foes learn not panic Bush urges additional AIDS money = Mind out disease or badly anguish! Suspect in trouble before hostage drama = L. Eisenberg spoofs that Democrat bureau A Hothouse Effect = Oh see, cut off heat! A Greenhouse effect = Create huge offense Wiltshire couple Robert and Deborah Fry = Cruel part: drowned for their 'holy babies' (drowned saving their children) The cauldron = Lunch to dear Angina pectoris = Sore, acting pain = Giant sore & panic = O, creating pains! Giuseppe Mercadante = Pen a deep great music = Unpaged masterpiece A Harley Davidson motorcycle's = A dandy or classy motor vehicle The Harley Davidson motorcycle = Smooth vehicle? Contrary, deadly! Harley Davidson Motorcycles = Ooh, randy cyclists love, dream! = Dandy or classy motor vehicle That Chinese ball = This can be lethal! Elvis Aaron Presley = Say, real, live person? = I say, -' Please, love RNR! [Rock'N'Roll] 'I got my mind set on you' = My dingy emotions out 'Super Mario Brothers' video game = Our improved image - Brats-Heroes The Golden Compass = Most glanced hopes Robert Hawkins = Broken wraiths = Be warn, hot risk! The Will Smith's Motion picture 'I am legend' = Hero meets well hiding impolitic mutants Jehovah's Witnesses = Have "Jew's son" thesis Nearly 95 percent of the email sent in 2007 has been spam = Terrible anathemas seen on any finest PC. Help me! Isaac Asimov's science-fiction novel 'I, robot' = A case of bionic love, icons, activities norms The Beatles 'Yellow submarine' = Aye, their swell album, best one = We all see their best album yon Band 'Spice Girls' = Bad singers clip Rowling's "The Tales of Beedle the Bard" = Her whole, best, strong, detailed fable The Musical TeleVision = Have some illicit tunes = Listen to a live music, eh? = Ah, menu is - 'Little Voices!' The 'Animal Collective' = Nice vocal all the time The movie "American Gangster" = Is game: another agent v. crime Chris Evert and Greg Norman engaged = Changed grand rings over agreement What's a nice girl like you doing in a place like this? = Please, change this line, 'wit'. I'll kick your again! I do! William Roger Clemens = Clearing well memoirs = No crimes? Gem? Well? Liar? I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas = I meditate harsh, firm, magic snow = This air made the magic snow firm Every child comes with the message that God is not yet tired of the man = Heed now: Each minor states that Mighty devoted to his life, gets Mercy Last-minute shoppers = Hapless spurt, no time! Francesca Lewis = Carcass? New life! (12-year-old, sole survivor of a plane crash in Panama, December 23, 2007. Survived in the mountains for two days before being rescued) New England Patriots = Neat, top winners glad Kenya candidate claims rigging in vote = Raila Odinga is making decency vetting Indian reservation = Naive Red nation, sir Indian reservations = Dear natives 'in irons' Diana, the Princess of Wales = Scenario: Wife's death's plan Bhutto's son maintains her political dynasty = Toll: continuation, stays behind his Ma's party Acer Incorporated = I dear PC- creator, no? Levy Restaurants = Rule: stay 'n' starve The Neapolitan spaghetti = Note that shape - giant pile! = It's giant heap on the plate Spaghetti Neapolitan = He gets Italian pot (pan) = I hate inept long pasta! The Princess and the Pea = Her steep itch ends a nap = Peeress, nap and the itch The University of Liverpool = Pithily : Evolution's forever! Vertigo = I got rev The vertigoes = Go, hit Everest! Guidance's from above = Became in God's favour The Fast Food Restaurant = Short feast and 'Out' after = Affronts! hardest eat-out = Rats! Offhand eat out & rest Miss Miley Cyrus = My Muse is lyrics Elisha Graves Otis = His elevator is gas! Otis Elevator Company = Reactivates monopoly = O, many copies 'to travel'! Spider Biofuel = I do life superb! Week ashore = Here we soak The disagreeable person = Oh, see a real President! G.B. The macaroni = Ethnic aroma The International Space Station = Ain't spies alone interact on that? The American Indian = Hi, I am an ancient Red = Hi, I a red & ancient man! A mermaid = I'm a dream Lindsay Dee Lohan = Lady on headlines The Shadows = The sad show = Do the swash = We had shots The Immortal Bard, William Shakespeare = Aha, British male-writer maked all poems! Model Gabriel Aubry = Aye, dribble glamour! Ron Leavitt = Er...not vital = Into real TV 'Englishman in New York' = Known rhyme. Sing, 'alien'! = Mainly he known singer Singer Elvis Aaron Presley = Proven sir, I nearly ageless = Sales, perseveringly on air = A peerless sir, only in grave = I revere pills, grass. Anyone!? Singer Amy Winehouse = So, yes, I am huge winner! = Ear, my show is genuine Oligarch = A rich log = Rich goal The filling stations = Fits into giant 'Shell' Mango tree, Pa? - Pomegranate Gaius Petronius Arbiter = I got a super brain, it sure = But a pure satires origin = A rigour - I pen but satires Katharine Hope McPhee = Hear me - the phonic peak Impersonator = Minor-sort 'APE' A prescient = Can see trip... Natural selection = O, last ancient rule! Singer Diana Ross = Dear airs in songs 'Jesus Christ Superstar' = Just shares scriptures Nefarious man = So mean & unfair Hamlet 'To be or not to be' = Noble hero at bet motto The most beautiful girl in the world = True unforgettable doll is with him = Hunt the glamorous little bird - wife = Hunt for, 'till it the sublime dowager = O his true, delightful, brittle woman! Meditations = India; OM-test (OM -a mystic syllable, used as a mantra) Hilarious moment = Also humor (in time) The loyalist = To Hell, I stay! Pleistocene = Let's open ice Mother country = Turn to cry 'HOME!' Spain and Portugal = Latin-papas ground The Iberian peninsula = Pin-in earth in blue sea Nice self-portrait = On terrific pastel = Perfect art in oils Satisfaction = I so fantastic! = O, is fantastic! Golden medal = Mold 'A Legend' My favorite girl = O, it very firm gal! Queen of France, Catherine de Medici = Once efficient, hard, queer, nice dame Andre-Gustave Citroen = Sure, got invented a car 'Robinson Crusoe', novel by Daniel Defoe = Alone on obscure isle (nobody ever find) Nice restaurant = A rarest cute inn Roman Emperor Caligula = Peculiar man, moral ogre Famous actor comedian James Eugene Carrey = Joyous man made cues of great cinema career Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red colours = Our good old lovely Rainbow ingredients. Lure & elegance The continuation = It authentic 'On & On' The consultation = A cue 'n' hint to lost A spaghetti = Hi, get pasta! Bargain = A grab-in Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra = Clever read and amusive stage Endangered species = Presence sag, indeed Do you believe in love? = I been loved...I love you! Weapons of mass destruction = So, Faust (demon) pets war-icons Family bank account = Only buck-mania, fact Olympic Games of modern era = O, prim races! Gold, money, fame Storm in a teacup = A true panic, most Jesus Christ, the savior of the world = Oh, Teacher! His first words - 'Just love!' Economy = Money Co. Encyclopaedia Britannica = A nice'n'capable dictionary Adore = O, dear! New dictionary = It nice - any word! The new variation = Another view, ain't? American actor = Came-r-r-a, action! Israeli Knesset = Like Senate, sirs Rome was not built in a day = Word about means in Italy = Town made by our Italians! = Nay, I slow. A bad time to run = Warned at lousy ambition Abidance = In a "A..B..C..D..E" Testosterone injection = It sets erection on jet, no? Montessori system = Is more tests, my son Whether you like it or not = Hey, it lot routine work, eh? Poisons = So, no sip! The chicken = Check, it hen South America, Argentina = Here is a curt-tango-mania The global obesity epidemic = Impeaches to big belly. O, diet! The earthquake's epicentre = Technique rates - peak there Weather forecast = We care heat, frost... Perversity = Is very pert Old story of love triangle = Disloyal lover forgotten? The astronomers = There moon, stars! The sperm donors = Mothers respond Whitney Houston Greatest Hits = Herewith a hottest songs' 'unity' The modern city = Oh, dirty cement! The Arafat's burial = Ah, it tearful Arabs! The film animator Walter Elias Disney = All-times fine art; made his own reality = His name was made in 'reality for little' Lacoste fahsion = Ah, also fine cost! The dangerous chemicals = Damage, ulcer on his chest Ethan Hawke = Hah, new take! Confirmed = Mind-force Merry Christmas and Happy New Year = Er...my warm, shy phrase in dance party A mother = THE AMOR The last fashion = That is on a shelf = That is on a flesh The Spanish inquisition = Question (in hiss), hit, pain The Spanish armada = Rat, man, ships ahead! Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev = Thick Russian; cheek,high verve Andy Warhol = Ah, only draw! Sophocles 'Antigone' = Nice song, poets' halo 'We are the champions' = Hits' name 'We cap hero' = I hear-'Note, we champs' The Winter Olympic Games = Men try 'white magic' slope The Gordian knot = Dark & tight one, no? Mortal sin = It's normal? Falsetto voice = Fit to vocal, see The hormones = He + mother = son Animals = Lamas in The Gulag Archipelago = Right, a huge gaol place The singer Elvis Costello = or This gentle voice sells Vietnamese = Seem native Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station = Such terrible weapon. Any control? = Horrible waste up (not only cancer) Sony Playstation = As in past, only toy Appendicitis = It 'spiced' pain Windsor castle = Crown site, lads = Weird class, not? Hercule Poirot = Oh, truer police! 'Centuries' = True (since) Misogynist = Got in missy = O, tying miss! Metro Goldwyn Mayer = Wanted memory & glory The single European currency = They cancel 'green' in our purse Windows Media Player = We aim wonder display Marriage counseling = Arguing? No, smile & care! = Cleaning our mirages = Ruins, real magic gone = O, nice girl & man argues Sylvester Stallone in Rambo = Brainless malevolent story Beethoven's "Moonlight sonata' = Oh, seven notes at a night bloom! Pick famed Northern male = Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Carl Lewis = Races will Singer Placido Domingo = Moiling, doing operas CD Pierre Auguste Renoir = Art/Europe/Genius...I err? Painter Thomas Smith = Hi, this man - top master! Renault = Real nut? Joan Miro = I major, no? Oscar de la Renta = or Create sandal George Harrison = He's roaring ogre = or Go rehearsing The rehearsing = Sing there & hear Lee Harvey Oswald = Who leaved slayer? Hotel California = Rah ,ain't life cool? The security video camera = As it, to reduce heavy crime Relationships = Hi, it's personal! Contraceptive methods = Devices protect hot man The unprotected sex = Pox, tetter...Need such? The best things in life are free = Breaths, this feeling, fine tree... Adam and Eve in the Gardens of Eden = After maid, Heaven's ended and gone = Heaven; God defeated man and 'siren' = Anagram of 'Destined Heaven ended' Free school = Cheer, fools! God's Ten Commandments = God-sent damn comments The rutting season = Oh, nature's setting! = Oh, nature's testing! = True sign's HEAT, not? State of Bahrein = Fine, to the Arabs Theological discussions = God is classic solution, eh? = Logical decisions? Shouts! Fanaticism = Fit maniacs A soldier = I real sod (sod: man) The swimmer Ian Thorpe = I mesh & romp in the water The great singer Bob Marley = Best reggae - no harm & liberty = Mainly best reggae, brother! Booby trap = Poor tabby 'Casper the friendly ghost' - the movie = So, there festive grey child-phantom The gravestone = Sever, THAT gone Death by misadventure = Uh, end at very bad times! Painter Henri Matisse = See hit! Man inspire art = Praise his eminent art = Culminate deep art, no? The Shiatsu treatment = It easement? That hurts! The theological discussion = Idiots! In such case, go to Hell! Jose Antonio Dominguez Banderas = Sobered Don Juan. In magazines too. Great Britain = Big Rain treat Confessions = Foes, sins, con... The Bermuda triangle = I under threat & gamble = I'm - threat, Blue Danger = Rated 'Blue nightmare' = Grumble, it near death = It large-number-death God bless America = A sod begs miracle = O, bilge! Sam scared Emperor = Per Rome The Royal Residences, Buckingham Palace = Calm place. Here king's house, yard, cabinet... The Socialist Republic of Cuba = I, Castro, absolute public-chief = I, F.Castro, but plausible choice Chairman Mao Tse Tung = Scream it out - 'Hangman!' = Ah, communist at anger! = Not a China-master, mug = Most argute Chinaman? = Summon at Great China = Hang & tear a communist! The Socialistic Revolution = To us, it historical violence Lordosis = Sir so old The Great October Socialistic Revolution = Terrible, chaotic violence. So, it - "Tsar, go out!" Ayrton Senna da Silva = Annals: O, a nasty drive! Medication = Acid item, no? = Decimation Closure = So cruel The little boys room = Toilet (other symbol) Too many broken hearts = Thank boy, no more tears! All you need is love = Ensoul lovely idea! = O, an used lovely lie! The Spanish artist Pablo Picasso = Applies his hot abstract passion A bottle of whiskey = 'Key' of lowest habit = We obey to hit flask The Alpine ski = Slip, hit a knee The ale-barrel = All beer, heart! = Halt, real beer! Vituperations = A spit on virtue Hatred = Dr. Hate Marcello Mastroianni = Roll on, I'm a cinema star! = Install more Macaroni = Romantic roles 'animal' Artist Marcello Mastroianni = An immortal Latin actor rises = Immortal Latin star & scenario The Righteous Brothers = O, there bright 'shouters'! Killer with a badge = Delight, I break law! Kate Baker = Break & take (Ma Baker) Karma = A mark The Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud = His understanding of our lust (true image) = I understand that our 'rueful ego' missing = Heritage - Understanding of our stimulus = Understand that furious ego is ruling me Federal Bureau of Investigation = To nail free 'Bad, Negative & Furious' Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle = Noticed augural hints, or any? = Again, story around hint (clue) = It's our canny leading author = Real actions undying author The pioneer surgeon Christiaan Barnard = I run heart operations researching band We hear at void = The radio wave The Holocaust = Such loot & hate! The Holocaust history = Hitler, sot youth, chaos Women toilets = New stool time International signal of distress - SOS = Sign of disaster, siren on all stations = Sign of disaster. No lies & translations = Is a sign of disaster still on sonar net? = Listen on radio sailors signs & net fast! = Listen on radio fast sent sailors sign L.Leonov = Lo, novel! Director Milos Forman = Or record it so - film-man The ballroom dancers = Old notable charmers Calories = or I scale = A cole, sir? = Rice also? = As recoil Sir Peter Paul Rubens = Pure art, superb lines The discomfort of angina pectoris = I get chest pain. Oafs, inform doctor! The hurricane Dennis = I churn & rend in the sea Hipsters = He strips The 'Wildlife photographer of the year' winners = We shoot well: deer fight, piranha prey, eft, rhino... The Britain's Labour Party leader = Bear out leadership? Blair - tyrant Sir James Paul McCartney = Just play, manic screamer Goldie Hawn = Head in glow Miss Goldie Hawn = Single-show-maid 'Batman begins' = "I best, man!...BANG!" The 'Air supply' = Play super hit = Play pure hits Grigori Efimovich Rasputin = or Fighting imperious vicar = I'm vaporing historic figure G.E. Rasputin = Pig's nature The London suicide-bomb outrages = Boom! Continued slaughter, bodies Florence Nightingale = Rich, fine, gentle gal, no? Nurse Florence Nightingale, The Lady of the lamp = Lo, she our gentle nanny, medical help after fight The worldwide famous painter Rembrandt = Man drew, dealed with number of portraits Painter Hieronymus Bosch = Honor his name (by pictures) Shirley Temple = Silly temper, eh? = Er...they sell imp Parasite = As pirate 'Billy Elliot', the musical = Ballet. 'Lo, I clumsy? I lithe?' City of Saint Petersburg = It got-by perfect - Russian Michelangelo Buonarroti's 'The Pieta' = Lo, Christ on a petit blue Maria! He gone? = Ah, that religious one! Top, nice marble Retired = Er...tired Ultimate champion Yelena Isinbayeva = Oh, epic name! I easily beat many in vault Honorable Doctor Kurt Waldheim = Murderer with cool & bad look (than) Sculpturer Auguste Rodin = Nude groups is art, culture Sculptor Auguste Rodin = or A Golden Cuts pursuit Monsieur Auguste Rodin = Man is our stone-die guru Singer David Bowie = Own big ideas & drive Celsius and Fahrenheit = Each handles 'fire' units Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius = Sir assured his most renowned scale The motor racings = More cars tonight = Right, cars & men too Actress Julie Andrews in 'The sound of music' = In war-musical, heroine just defends scouts = Sis just want hide sons from cruel audience Until death do us part = Oh, part adults united! = Ends-up ritual? That do. Actor Michael Caine = Each action-miracle A golden voice = Vocal on edge, I 'There is a house in New Orleans' = No, these - lies. Area now ruins, eh? The City of New Orleans = O, fie! Only water & stench = Incoherent, low safety = Town of earthy silence = Town of hearty silence = Sincerely, town of hate = O, new reality - of stench! = Chiefly water-on-stone Gloria Estefan = 'Fire on LA stage' The magnificent pyramid of Cheops = Nice empty midget Pharaoh's coffin Writer Alistair Maclean = I rate war & criminal tales The London suicide-bomb outrages = Bad outcomes, odor in English-tube Lance Armstrong = Long 'n' smart race The American actor Dustin Lee Hoffman = Damn cheerful fact - he 'Tootsie' & 'Rain man'! 'War and Peace' by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy = Heroic battles and love... Anyway, pick love! = Piece: Wealthy lady N.Rostova back in love End of the road = Heed, to and fro = Done for death A typical Londoner = Pale lady or nit con = Dry, lone, no capital Spiro Theodore Agnew = or One who griped East = Oh, ignored East power! = Open war THERE is good = Oh, poor! New tragedies Nicotine addiction = In tonic-dedication Nicotine marks = Notice arm, skin... Florida State University = I avail interest for study The sin of adultery = Dirty unsafe hotel = Due filthy treason The artist formerly known as Prince = Crank's a nit performer with no style The Polaroid cameras = Sir made a clear photo = Clear photo is a dream Most Americans say Bush not honest = He is most nasty one, obscurant & sham Witness = It's news! Colgate whitening paste = An aseptic glowing teeth! The famous Greek mathematician Archimedes = Image of man that cheered 'Eureka!' is mismatch? Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite = I entail better & greater life News: Bush refuse to set timetable for Iraq war = Time, stubborn! Life show - sequestrate warfare! The professional gambler = Eternal big hope for slam = Foster big hopes, earn small = Ah, ill person, bets for game! An intelligent woman = Owning menial talent? Sherlock Holmes = He'll mesh crooks Eating a Christmas pie = Grimaces, antipathies Christmas presents = Stamps, shirt, screen... = Pet, cress, man's shirt... Bomber kills more than 30 on Baghdad bus = Blame on Bush and 30 'throbbed' kilograms Smart guy = A gutsy Mr. The indiscreet person = Is coherent, President Nordic countries = Ice-rind contours Investigator: US shipped out detainees = 'Goat' punished in States visited Europe (goat - a lecherous man)= USA 'pigs' hide it; sent deviants to Europe = Ado: Punished in States get Europe visit The Unknown Soldier = Link.(Who under stone?) = Keen now this old urn [link - a torch] [keen - to wail in lamentation, especially for the dead] The United States The Postal Service = The nicest letters posted via USA = Then it 'device' to pass USA letters The tomb of the Unknown Soldier = O, mob, think who left under stone! The naturists = Anti-shutters = Unearths tits Clirotidectomies = Code: erotic limits The females circumcision = Islamic mufti's coherence Scores of whales beached in New Zealand = Woe when obese crazed 'sea fish' clan land The Disney's 'Finding Nemo' = Tiny, designed fish (no men) Actress Sarah Silverman = Lass, as ever, charmin' star Walter Disney = I draw tensely Walter Elias Disney = Yes, I draw tale-lines 'It's a long way to Tipperary' = War nostalgia, pity poetry = I-patriot, yet play war song = 'Oily' past Giant War poetry Handle with care = Are held in watch Ancient = Inca.net American actor Tom Hanks = Man 'took' main characters Procrastinations = Airport sanctions Kobe Bryant = NBA-trek-boy Casino hotels = i.e. Lost cash, no? = Oh, steal coins! The professional astrological consultation = All giant stars position 'choose' local fortune = Stars location is local signal to hope & fortune = All stars are tools of an opt outlining choices Wheels = Slew, eh? Perish the thought = Hope - highest truth = Trust the High Hope A perambulator = A tour-able pram = About real pram The perambulators = Brats real home (put) A man is innocent until proven guilty = Naive, nut men paying on sin till court New military sensor can hear through walls = Army listens WHEN we laugh or train scholar = When on hall, army 'wires' can steal our rights = Warning: Hush her, army listens to war locale Augustine vulcano erupts on the Alaska island = Thousand great unusual lava plates on ice-skin Leyan Lo solves Rubik's Cube in record time = Rubric: I more skilly - about eleven seconds! Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmed Al Sabah, emir of Kuwait = As Arab sheik I had wealth, kif, ale, jumbo harem The famous black singer Stevie Wonder = A sweet-blue voice from 'night-darkness' [he's blind, no?] Totalitarism = A limit to tsar? The South American countries = Most curious ancient earth, eh? = Earth's to the curious Inca-men The International Morse code = Method to earn nice relations = Once, the main letters on radio 'Kinder' chocolate eggs = Gag-icons locked there The Republic of Ireland = I found reel-birthplace = Rich, top life? Endurable = I feel dear North public = If picture broaden - Hell = Beer - helpful indicator = I fold leprechaun tribe = Flinched tribal Europe = Hi, terrible place found! Martin Luther King day = 'Dream' I truly thanking = Dark men thingy ritual = Alright, dark men unity The Martin Luther King's day = Utterly, thanking 'his dream!' Michael Jackson = Claims he no jack Singer Michael Jackson = Home reclining jackass The Roman Forum = Haunt from Rome Carpe Diem = Mad recipe Archimedes of Syracuse = Assume. Research. Codify. = My focus - research ideas = My focus - a search desire = Measure of hydric cases = Fiery scream as douches The Winter Olympic Games on Torino = Competitions, only in grim weather = Right time to play in snow or ice, men! = Merit men go to win place in history = Imagine competitors, hotly winner The German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler = 'Father' of Hell, hating murderer Southern = Er...hot sun = Sun & throe = Nurse hot Norwegians = In snow rage = A snow-reign = Regain snow Scotland = Old & scant The Twentieth Winter Olympic games = New athletic meeting. My 'White Sport' = Oh, my! Wet emphatic winner gets title = My, wet champions get their new title! = Met the wiry champions get new title Solomon The Wise = Ooh, timeless now! Stacy Keibler = Ask celebrity = Racy, bit sleek Potato = To a pot A losing battle = Battalion legs (legs - runs away) Eurosport channel = Race, pool, then runs... Samford University = Study, a firm version Iowa State University = Tuition assertive way School of The Visual Arts = 'Hash', festival to colours! The American actor Clint Eastwood = Cool action at dramatic western, eh? = A smart, intact, ice-cool, WANTED hero Unsentimental = Meanest nut, nil O, Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo = Ooh, for remote hero-wooer, remote amour! Neil Percival Young = U R playing nice, love! The actor Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio = To the world I dear, rich cinema-Apollo Pantagruelian = Real Giant (a pun) Thomas Coleman Younger = Ay, man huge, cool monster! = O, some tough-larceny man! = Rough man locates money = Common slaughter, no? Aye. Monastic = Stoic man An ocelot = Lo, one cat! Oh, those Russians! = Oh, I hate USSR sons! A bad compromise is better than good lawsuit = That 'good war' impossible, obtain me sad truce New York Cosmos = 'cos money works! 'Sleeping beauty' = But pleasing eye Discreet = Secret ID The Sydney Opera House = 'A-y-e! H-e-y!' Here sound's top! Michael Jackson ordered to close Neverland = Cancel, then! No more cajoled kids or lads, ever! Teacher = THE CARE A golden opportunity = Apt option, only urged = It - open ground to play Window of opportunities = UP for wide options to win Achievements = Nice, save them Actress Maureen Stapleton = Late top US-screen star name No thru! = Oh, turn! A sore point = Operations = Torose pain A game of cat and mouse = Adage of a mean custom A palomino [horse] = Polo-mania Obdurateness = Sure not based = Reason busted = Be unassorted = Abusers noted = Be not assured The poltergeist = Teeth-split ogre Alain Delon = I one and ALL Astronauts = To a star! Sun! Cosmonauts = A cosmo-nuts The seductress = She erects stud The abstinence = Ancient behest = Best, enhance it Media = i.e. Mad Daily bread = I barely add R and B = Brand The movie 'Fantomas against Scotland Yard' = Story of hating asocial madman's vendetta City of Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad) = Decently framing, refer to big Russian port Joannie Rochette = Another 'jet' on ice [Canadian figure skater] Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, 'War and Peace' = His very tale. Weapon and love 'cocktail' A drop in the ocean = Aha, indecent, poor! = Er...cheap donation A four lettered word = Treated for rude & low A neatly turned phrase = Unearthed pleasantry A matter of negotiation = Fit to treat, no egomania Daintiness = Instead sin = Detains sin After nine months' pregnancy = More parents fetching nanny = Perfect son...nightmare nanny Irina Slutskaya = Italian? A Russky! Enrico Macias = I a sonic 'cream' Edit Piaf = If I taped?! French singer Salvatore Adamo = This dear Frog earns vocal-name Spontaneously = To use 'SNAP' only Rene Magritte = Greet mine art 'Benfica' = I FC-bane Familiarity breeds contempt = Many times credit profitable = Impatience forms bitter lady = Maybe price for dilettantism? = Flattery bedims imprecation = Compliment best, fair idea. Try! Hartebeest = Beast there Russian torpedoes = I use sonar & stop Red Casey Mears = A messy race = Seamy races = Yes, same car Champs Elysees, Paris = Simply see Arc's shape The disciple Judas Iscariot = I aid to epic lad - Jesus Christ The designer Vera Wang = Never wear 'aged' things! = Draw thee evening rags = Sew red evening rag & hat Thomas Alva Edison = Ah, anodes, voltaism! Actor Bruce Lee, The Dragon = Our belted character gone = N.B. - Great coloured teacher Seroxat tablets = Tabs set to relax Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate = My, my! A treat by hoax-drug! Scottish Soccer League = 'Celtic' outgoes chasers The actress Natalie Portman = Hot cinema star (spare talent) American Hot Dogs = or as death coming = Organ-stomach die Famous author Margaret Mitchell = I 'mum' of the rum gal Scarlett O'Hara A Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekov = Ah, 'Uncle Vania' script, 'Ivanov', other works Undressing = Rings nudes After us the deluge = Last huge rude fete Apres moi le deluge = Ego-rule: I'm pleased Robert Louis Stevenson = Sure best novelist, or no? Miss Procter = More scripts Adelaide Anne Procter = Nice and dear, real poet Theory of relativity = Oh, very fit to reality! Adriano Celentano = Once 'National Dear' Cleopatra of Egypt = Gal of top-race-type = Got top, pearly face Donatien Alphonse Francois De Sade = Fool sadist enhanced & reasoned pain = He added on lot of pains, insane scare Edgar Allan Poe = Read, all on page = All on page, dear O-three zone = Ozone there Honore Balssa = He's also baron? [Honore de Balzac] Old Bourbon = O, blood, burn! 'Stella Artois' = Total ale, sirs! "Stella Artois' beer = Best ale to real sir The US author William Sydney Porter = That writer usually 'imposed' O'Henry = O'Henry. What ideally put, rum stories! Agathon: Even God cannot change the past = Advance, that snatch-path gone...gone...gone Diogenes = I seen God = Ego is 'den' = NO is edge Charles = He's Carl The coach Steve McClaren = Clever Scotch, he can team Moody Blues = Bloody Muse! The poet Thomas Gray = Ah, get rhymes to a top! Siamese twins = Same, I witness The Roman Coliseum and The Forum = Mute remains of the loud monarch Actress Julia Roberts = So, I just cerebral star Best before date... = Be tasted before Battles in Somalia = O, Islam ain't stable! Mogadishu: Battles in Somalia = Abolish mutilations & damages! I, Sting = Sing it The sleeping partner = Genteel partnership My inamorata = I amatory-man = Maria, not May 'A million little pieces' = One simple illicit tale Active Merapi volcano = Overcome panic, it lava His fly open = Oh, penis, fly! Abnormal testicles = Cite 'A monster balls' Nice amatory verses = Yes, romantic as ever! = Some tears, naive cry = Eases, very romantic = Even my Rosie - carats! = See as very romantic Every Englishman's great ambition = Saving the Tony Blair's regime name? = Easily manage British government = Get vanish Tony Blair's regime name Onanist = Stain, no? = On satin? = Anti-son = Not a sin? I love you my darling = You grim, naive dolly = Your money, villa...Dig? = No, my dove, I ugly liar Unbelievable story = One brave but sly lie = One subtly brave lie = Even our salty Bible = Evils, brute baloney Contention = Not, not nice The singer Beyonce = Nice energy! Oh, best! Beethoven's Appassionata = He 'paves' best piano sonata The Apartheid regime = I merge hit, rape & death Morning erections = O, groins increment! The morning erections = Honoring centimeters = Rotten 'gnome' rise inch The fornication = Not ethic, no fair 'A spirit passed before me' = Poets iamb disperse fear Chris Martin = I rich 'n' smart The Coldplay = CD? Hell to pay! 'There's a place' = The real space The World Cup in Germany = Adept winner; much glory The World Cup finals, Germany = Wonderful players matching = Winner holds flag up, team cry The World Cup finals in Germany = Careful winning, medals, trophy = Newsy 'n' right place for Mundial = Grumpy French led, Italians won Dr. Gabriel Van Helsing = Brave, daring, shelling Exodus International = United on rational sex Mysterious Stonehenge = Igneous system there, no? Charity begins at home = The Hot Magic is nearby = I get the Basic Harmony = It teaches big harmony Prince William = A prim nice Will Pitta bread = Bited-apart The Principality of Monaco = If rich - on top; money, capital The first dance lesson = Hands...let feet in cross Mount Everest, Nepal = Ample stone, venture Tim The Hanger = The nightmare Oddly enough = Holy God, nude! The coleslaw = Hell, cows-eat! The Christology = To etch HIS glory Osama Bin Laden = One's bad animal Superstitions = It's stories, pun = Inputs stories Seattle, Washington = Elegant as this town! = 'English' town & a state = Town gains athletes = This, angel, East town Better than sex = Be the next star = Be the next tsar Infidelities = I defile - it sin = i.e. Find, it lies Rhinoceros = Horn is core Louis Armstrong (Satchmo) = Homo - Strong-Musical-Star El Cinco de Mayo = Nice day, me cool Naples, Italy = Ye, Latin pals I, Neapolitan = Open Italian Festival Cannes, Palme d'Or = 'Enacts' novel films parade = Means - First Place and Love The aphorism = Phrase to him Steps to recover from infidelity = 1. Strife, 2. - Find lover. Yes, competitor Naomi Campbell = I'm clean Aplomb Airways = Away, sir! Madonna, The Material Girl = Drat! Hear man, get a million! Stum = Must Carlos Vicente Tenorio = O, ever into Latino soccer! Coelho = He cool! The famous writer Paulo Coelho = O, some ethical powerful author! Leonardo Da Vinci's painting 'Mona Lisa' = O, on canvas odd Italian smile! (Pain? Grin?) Milton's Paradise Lost = i.e. Psalms to Saint lord Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz = Viz, big-well-hot-fertile mind, no? Philosopher Rene Descartes = O, listen, heed, search, prosper! Christian Bale = A clean British Breast augmentation = Mean: About tits range = Earn a mount-big teats The Roland Garros men's final = Gosh, real tennis from R. Nadal! Arthur Wimperis = I write sharp & rum Pythagoras of Samos = Moot assays of graph The actor Philip Seymour Hoffman = Hah, picture hero of many top films! The breaking of wind = We breathing? Kind of = How, after being kind? = Within fog 'n' bad reek Toni Luca = O, lunatic! Penis augmentation = One amusing patient The sixty-nine position = i.e. It is top hot sex, ninny! Vincenzo Iaquinta = Viz, I quite a 'cannon'! M. Ballack = Mack 'Ball' Elias Repin = Praise line = Aspire line Real painter = A later Repin The Russian composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky = 'Pictures': Sods, shop-rooms, rumors, Kiev's gate hymn, etc. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky = Russky gives me most top chord After the non-alcoholic beer = Oh, it clear! One belch, one fart The adults diapers = Ah, it's lad's turd & pee! The diapers = Reaped shit = Dreep a shit = Drat, his pee! = It's hard-pee = Ah, dirts & pee! Secret Garden, 'Nocturne' = 'Eden' runs great concert The Chieftains = Safe ethnic hit = Each hit, finest D. Hasselhoff = Dash of flesh 'Arctic Monkeys' band = A best 'n' dynamic rock Message in a bottle = Go & net best sea-mail Dave Berry = Every bard The famous chemist Dmitri Mendeleev = Hm, I divide & form taut elements scheme Sir Paul McCartney = Rap? Try clean music = Care, plan & try music Charles William Shirley Brooks = His books' charm will really rise Inspector Maigret = I get crime-patrons = Tapering to crimes = To pin great crimes = I'm stern great cop, I = Great in crime-stop = Great in crime-spot = Enigmatic reports = 'Greetin', I smart cop! = At crime get prison = I top strange crime = or I get pert manics The sexual shenanigans = Naughtiness, anal sex, eh? = Shag six, then ensue anal Shenanigans = Shag nannies Leadership = Raised help = Has replied = Is help, dear Lead singer = A legend, sir = Needs a girl Metropolis = Spoilt Rome Epidermis = Is deep rim = Rim espied The procurer = Er...he corrupt Orthodontics = This doctor? NO! = Roots, ditch, no? = Icon's - Dr. Tooth The funeral march = Urn (he left a charm) = The urn (he far & calm) The American = He ain't cream American businessman = Insane manic bears sum Espionage = I gape & nose Industrial espionage = I nose, tail, persuading = Ingenious lad's pirate The industrial espionage = On pure night I steal ideas Chief inspector Jules Maigret = Justice person, malice fighter = Terrific policeman. He sets jug [prison] = Proliferating justice scheme = Real, profiting justice scheme = In crimes get help for a justice Gravestone epitaphs = Stop. Heaven's gate. RIP. Personal website = Beware: pointless! = It's rebel's weapon = Beware, spoils net! = Towers plebeians Rats and mice = Reminds a cat The most powerful man in the world turns sixty on Thursday = True pix of untrustworthy, mindless, sham tyrant. He old now Piscatorial = Sail to Capri = A tropic sail Piscatory = I 'toy' carps A theatre critic = The act criteria Marks and Spencer = Scan, remark, spend Desdemona = Ado ends me Othello and Desdemona = She dead? No, dolt male, NO! The gossip columns = Menus: light scoops = English smut & scoop Fourth of July celebrations = Jolly count of Free USA birth British baroness Helene Hayman = Noble, shy manners here is a habit Learning difficulties = Significant field & rule A Mercedes limousine = I same sure nice model Pointer Sisters = Present sis-trio The liaison = A hot sin, lie Perfectionist = Not fit, PRECISE! Lady Diana Spencer = Plan easy riddance = Easy plan: Car + Di = end Chairman Mao = or 'Mama China' S. Berlusconi = Is cruel snob Infinitesimally = I fine, small, I tiny Isaac Newton's first law of motion = Wow, fools, inertia is constant! F = ma Ram and Zvonarova win Wimbledon's mixed doubles finals = Lad from Zion and 'bad' Russian woman blew involved mixes The old fart = Dolt father The monkeys family = My, he akin to myself! = I mean, they my folks = Aye, this 'menfolk' my = Safety link, my home = Yes, my 'hamlet' of kin = Anytime he's my folk = This 'men' my folk, aye Gladiator = A glad riot The gladiator = Go & trial Death! = I great, hot lad Pedro Martinez de la Rosa = Realize named road-sport = Matador? Ride-zeal person! Pedro de la Rosa = Real roads dope Tennis player Rudek Stepanek = Earned plenty & I seek ATP ranks Southern Beirut = O, there but ruins! War in Southern Beirut = Tie, win...Our Earth burns! Pictures from Japan = Re-scan Fuji ramp & top Author Georges Joseph Christian Simenon = O, Jesus, hang on his hero - Inspector Maigret! President Silvio Berlusconi = In depression (civil troubles) Advertisement = Enters TV media Orenthal James Simpson = Ah, male joins sportsmen! = She jails me! No sport, man! Orenthal Simpson = Sportsman? O, he nil! Mesdemoiselles = See models smile Impertinent = Nit in temper The battle of Stalingrad = Adolf Hitler at test. BANG! = That battlefield groans = Satan-Hitler got bad & left = Real fight.'Satan bottled!' = At all - big start of the end 'Don't leave me this way' = An old - 'Stay with me, Eve!' = Even - 'O, stay with me, lad!' Take showers = To wash reeks It's no big deal = Albeit, doings = Is tangible, do Scientist Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleev = I sided active involvement in chemistry Fascist Hermann Goering = I frenetic & gross hangman Hermann Goering = He - 'no grin' German The Nuremberg trial = Grab true Hitler-men! The writer Alexandre Dumas = It rather new deluxe dramas = Ah, rewritten deluxe dramas! The singer Ani DiFranco = I find canto & rehearsing = Her fine disc on a rating Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) = Maul & maim! (I had saucy class) Michael Drosnin = Donnish miracle = Do charm in lines = I lines-chord man Lee Tamahori = He? Late Maori The author James Fenimore Cooper = A totem & one major hero - super chief Stanley Laurel = True 'lean' sally Alexandre Dumas = Read, damn sexual = Drama & sexual end = Arm, a duel and sex The philosopher Confucius = Ooh, cup silence! Profit hush! Down and out = O, dud, wanton! Valetudinarian = Invalid? A nature! The composer Rinaldo di Capua = A honor & appreciated old music 'Be discovered, be a star!' = Rates above described! 'Temptation Island" = Damn it, pal, I on test! = Sand & intimate plot = Damn petit Latinos! US comedian Seinfeld = Audience fond smiles 'The planet of the apes', book by famous writer Pierre Boulle = About 'The Monkey Power'; if fat horrible beast rules people Cedilla = Allied C Island of Borneo = Far, bold, no noise Camelot: The National Lottery = Lo, nice to treat all that money! Auschwitz, Poland = Old Nazis up. Watch! The concentration camp Auschwitz, Poland = Rotten Nazi-occupants (which to damn) place Fisher-Price toys = Yes, terrific shop! = Yes, for this price?! Felipe Calderon = Nice leader? Flop! South Korea's capital city = Seoul. O, that capacity - risk! Bush makes transportation secretary pick = Thanks, precious Mary Peters!..Back to trains! 'Animal planet' on the Discovery Channel = On TV: nice elephant, cold snail, ram, hyena... Russian roulette = Real ruinous test = Salute or...U rest in... Cuisine Francaise = Fair, in nice sauces Senegal = Glen & sea Singapore = Grip on sea Russian Federation = One unfair disaster = I intend - area of USSR = Is in area of nut Reds Bahamas = Ah, samba! Honduras = O, hard sun! = Hoard sun Libyan Arab Jamahiriya = Arabian jail by amir, yah Tate Gallery = Legal art (yet) Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova = Soviet astronaut. Lack, have no men? Tennis player Maria Sharapova = A sharp arm, a naive personality The kidnapped Corporal Gilad Shalit = Poor sat? Alright? Handicapped? Killed? Disneyland Theme Park Resort, Paris = Kids, pairs and men play or rest there Low libido = I old, I blow The Russian composer = To hear person's music = Person to share music The angina pectoris = Pain at chest region = Since, got heart-pain Yosemite National Park = I look at many trees, I nap... = Tamarisk, peony... Elation! The lost city of Atlantis = They last? Total fictions! = Isle, not city that floats = They still too fantastic! = Yet, into facts, this - atoll = Honestly, is it total fact? Oscar Wilde = I scale word The author Oscar Wilde = Each word suit, real, hot The composer Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni = I bloom in nice, moving sonatas, hot opera American athlete Carl Lewis = Trace, I win all the male races Dante's Inferno = End after sin, no? Comrade Stalin = Lead-narcotism = Old mean racist = Nail democrats! = Old manic tears = Lodestar - manic = Lost Red maniac = It's clear, no? MAD! = Satan. Old crime = Me, Satanic-Lord The comrade Stalin = Death, not miracles = Hot scam, nit leader = Detrimental chaos Charles Goodyear = Hey, real car-goods! = Large cosy road, eh? Inventor Charles Goodyear = Very cool tire, has no danger = Oh, race & drive along on tyres! = A hero doing novel car tyres Comrade Vladimir Lenin = Criminal and more - Devil! = Real rival. Demonic mind The astronaut Ilan Ramon = Am star-nut, national hero The comrade Vladimir Ulianov (Lenin) = Revolution! He mad villain, Red manic The psychiatrist Sigmund Freud = I spurt chief night-dreams study The Colonel Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin = One 'allegorical' achiever. 'Guy in the sky' = Okay, I launch air-vehicle. Energy...'Let's go!' The composer Claudio Monteverdi = Renovator. O, he did complete music! Economist Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen bank = Credit to needy mums. A humane bank among humans William Tell = All-time Will 'Yankees' pitcher Cory Fulton Lidle = I fly in N.York, lope, cut, crash & 'delete' The statues of Easter island = It features last stone-heads = See heads? Astronauts left it? Statues of Easter island = Distasteful stones area 'Gulliver's travels' by Jonathan Swift = All stabs, joyful & thriving events, war... = Just thrilling novel, brave & fast ways = Just a fast swab: very thrilling novel = Involves aberrant law, 'justly' fights = Well! Slavery, nut fights, variant jobs = I 'fly' with all vagrants ventures & jobs The Salvador Dali's Art Museum = Ah, most valued, 'mad' surrealist! Rare meteorite found in Kansas field = Sure, one-of-its-kind material, and free! A Nightmare on Elm street = Some men-relating threat = Rots me, threatening male! = Entitle the ogre-arms man = He's ogre in maltreatment = Nit ogre, he maltreats men "Call me when you're sober" = My new beer & alcohol user The nuclear tests in North Korea = Then I learn: Rockets - threat on US Bush: I won't change strategy in Iraq = By that, questioning & searching war = We trying nice thing - to quash Arabs = Quote: Nay, I screw Arabs night-night! Israel: Flights over Lebanon to continue = So, in all this, bare violence unforgotten Arrest leads to discovery of Egypt tombs = Boy-pilferers 'add' to grotto (caves) system iPod turns five = It provides fun The law of supply and demand = Helpful way to spend and dam Fernando Alonso Diaz = Dozen finals on a road = Finds zeal on a road, no? The Royal Shakespeare Company = Okay, shape actors (men) play here = Men play each part. Hookers? - Easy! Troubles = Blue sort = Blot, sure Professional sportman = Man for oil & snap posters Finance = Can fine Tottenham Hotspur FC = The Top 'nuts' for match = The sport-match to fun Thomas Cruise = I sum: he's actor Thomas Cruise Mapother = Ah, sure! prime smooth act = Smooth act & supreme hair The Clint Eastwood's, 'Million dollar baby' = She won many 'diabolic' battles, till...O, Lord! Chivas Regal = Charge vials 'What do you get when you fall in love?' = You? That novel,'hallowed', young wife = Woo novel, healthy young/adult wife The Kissing Bandit = Bed-knight? It's a sin! Reamonn, 'Supergirl' = Purr mine real song = Pure, normal singer The Irish dancer Michael Flatley = His 'mechanical', ready feet - thrill! The Crimean war = A raw crime (then) Socialist party = Astray politics John Logan's motion picture 'The last of samurai' = Militant Tom Cruise along & of South Japan shore Aleksandr Hleb = Hankered balls = Hark! needs ball Footballer Aleksandr Hleb = 'Labeled' to hanker for balls Daniel Ortega = O, giant leader! = To gain leader Daniel Ortega Saavedra = O, sad! Ain't leader. Ravage. Operation = O, atropine! Wigan Athletic FC = Act. Fight. Lace. Win (lace - attack) Harriet Beecher Stowe = Brother? I care, he sweet Tourette's syndrome = No-modesty utterers = Rotten. Yes, most rude Forty four year old Bo Stefan Eriksson = Okay, 'buffoon' destroys stolen Ferrari Shaw's 'Pygmalion' = Ow, smashing play! The famous American actor Christopher Reeve = To reach for hit-movie-career he acts Superman 'Video killed the radio star' = Trivial, like the dead 'Doors' The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan = The Taliban official using her camps = The Russian-claim: incapable of fight = I main place of such Taliban fighters = US primal office chasing the Taliban United Artists Company = Sat top cinema industry = Top stars & untidy cinema = Cinema stars & top nudity = Top stars in cinema-duty = Into mad, nasty pictures = Natty pictures domains The London Lunatic Asylum = Many dull-nuts location, eh? Palmistry = Imply star New York Times = Key to rim news The New York Times = My, it hot news reek! = Remit hot, key news The rap music = Parties, chum! = "U + he = Mist + crap" That desirable communism = The somnambulistic dream The White House, Washington = Oh, within - HE, who guts Senate Undesirable = Ire and blues The impossible = I bet hope's slim The impossible dreams = Me hopes: I dreamt bliss = Diet problems, Messiah... The New York Post = Hook pretty news New post = Top news The American Society of Plastic Surgeons = Nice choice for ugly artists & some peasant Transcendental meditation = Attentions mental riddance = Acted internal 'No mind' state = Silence. Intent to add mantra = Tend to select Indian mantra The transcendental meditation = Trance. 'No mind' state. Let Death in! Killing two birds with one stone = Wit or kindness? No, I will get both = I sort. End is known - I will get both The Ouija board = Ah, I abjured too! Where is the land of milk and honey? = Handle thy new-kind of home - Israel Desperate housewives = So upset & we have desire! = Sure, I see 'a deep' TV show School board = Ooh, Lords, ABC! The pen is mightier than the sword = The sharp word hits eight - ten men, I Only the good die young = They gone, you doing old = Eyeing on youth, old dog? = None? You eighty, old dog! = They 'done', you going old The movie 'Casino Royale' = Holy America, it OO-seven! = Macho-reality of OO-seven = Oh, alacrity! I'm OO-seven Motion picture 'Casino Royale' = Money operations. O, it crucial! The motion picture 'Casino Royale' = I am cool spy. There, routine action 'Sealed with a kiss' = A hit (we sale disks) = Was else a hit, kids = Was said - 'Sleek hit' 'Unbreak my heart!' = Take me, nab! Hurry! 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare = A wile. My jealous heart is broken & impaled = A remarkable poem with jealousy, din, lies 'Romeo and Juliet' by W. Shakespeare = Said - 'Weep my jealous broken heart!' Mister Television = Er..visit & see Milton Mister Television Milton Berle = I'm little & risible. Seen more on TV The Guinness Book of Records = Source of Honored, Best & Kings 'You've lost that lovin' feeling' = A hit. Love song. Fit, lovely tune = Eventually, love shifting too = Love is love. Nothing fault, yet = Gave it. Fully into honest love = They veto, oust 'Falling in love' = It you - love slave? Nothing left? = Visually, Eve, nothing left too = You shall give vent to life, not? = O, still in love, fag? Out the envy! The Decameron = O, damn, he erect! 'American pie' = Peer, I maniac = Mania recipe Gaellivare = Er..a village The aventures of Robin Hood = Venture. As hobo? Thief? Donor? Sir Henry Wotton = 'Hot story' winner The Magnificent seven = Men fights. A nice event Chrysler Corporation = Oh, lorry & nice sport-car! Unmotivated = One avid mutt 'Think of your forefathers! Think of your posterity!' = Hero of kith & kin! Fortify parents, foster your youth! The last minute = Thee stimulant The Gospel of Judas Iscariot = Oath!? A disciple forgot Jesus! Memento mori = Memo to miner National Film Board = Information: All bad The picaroons = To prison. Each! The picaroon = Oh, pirate & con! Athletes = Let's heat! USA Green Card = A curse & danger? The USA Green Card = Treasured change = True changes, dear Optimistically = A lot simplicity Pessimistically = A less simplicity = It silly escapism Misanthrope = No simp & hater = Sin methapor = Simp, no heart The misanthrope = This 'pro' hate men = Honest,'prim' hate = I hate men thorps = His top - men-hater = Mr.Top Shine Hate King Arthur's Camelot = Our cream, last knight = A ruler, knight & mascot The modern palmistry = Hand. Let's trip memory = Let hand strip memory Modern palmistry = Lo, my printed arms! = My printed morals = Print lad's memory The palmistry = My star help it Numerologist = Retooling sum = Into-sum-ogler The protagonist = Spotting at hero = Tasting top hero = Stating top hero = Ooh, petting star! A disaster scene = I scare, tense & sad = As I scared & tense Break your leg! = Regular 'OK, bye!' Abnormal = Ban moral Comrades = O, Red scam! = More cads = 'cos am Red = Reds-coma Madness = DNA mess? = ...and mess Interpretations of dreams = Minds retreat - option & fears = Pets arrested information = Important and free stories = Finest demeanors portrait = Portrait of entire madness = It readin' of person matters = Important side (after snore) = Most irritant deep fears, no? = or Transmit into deep fears = Fears & 'tripe' demonstration = Reports, frame & destination = Spared information tester = Spread information setter = Mind rest after operations Radetsky march = Heard my tracks? = Hark streamy CD = Hark army-set CD = Hear my stark CD A revolutionist = No riot, it's value = Value sortition = True violations = Voltaire. Suit, no? Ivory-billed woodpecker = O, keep cool! Very wild bird Eve Ensler's,'The vagina monologues' = Heroine's 'love nest' language & moves = Her love (amusing love) seen on stage = One vulgar, even hostile message, no? = Lie gone. One honest vulvar message = Message? Love snug & love inane throe The investigation = He gets invitation The investigations = Gives his attention The police investigations = He insisting - 'Leave it to cop' A starvation diet = I eat viands? A tort! The countryside = Hide & rest county = You dine & stretch Forensic medicine = I fond crime scene, I = I 'science of minder' = Science: 'I find more' Generation = Ingrate one Generations = Gone in tears = Ignorant, see = Strange one, I Saddam exchanged taunts before hanging = Stings of executed damned Arab...Hang! Hang! Tribunal = Nub: trial The singer Bob Dylan (Robert Allen Zimmerman) = Bard & gentleman. 'Mobilize brotherly manners' Procrustean bed = Bad person. Er...cut! = Abed curt person The burial ground = But he our darling! = A 'hurting' boulder = I brought urn. Deal = Right, old-beau urn = Burier - 'Tough land' = Righto, undurable = I dug earth. Blur, no? Between Scylla and Charybdis = Nice sally - 'Why bad centre's bad' = Clearly, tense by bad 'sandwich' = Whereby ascendancy still bad The stimulus = I must hustle Forensic journalist = Core: joins fun trials Film director Akira Kurosawa = Mark force, war, aikido, rituals Overeating = I note grave = or Negative The overeating = Negative throe Stop overeating = A rot even to pigs Putrefactions = A rot up & infects Long letter to sweetheart = To tell her - 'Not we greatest?' Paternoster = Tears on pert = A repent-sort The professional dancer = Senior of clean, hard step The famous writer Joseph Rudyard Kipling = Protrudes hairy kid from jungle, with apes Mephisto = So, The Imp = Ethos imp one of the seven chief devils, the tempter of Faust "It's been a hard day's night" = They sing a dear bands hit = Hasty British-agenda end = British set, handy agenda Australian open = i.e. A sport. Annual Australian Open Tournament = Annual tennis (top or amateur) The beach scavengers = Catch seven bags here = Chest, bench, vase, gear... Charles Simonyi = i.e. Rich man so sly Nathuram Godse = Great human? Sod! Nathuram Vinayak Godse = Outraged, vain, shaky man Bush chides Iraq over recent executions = Heard butcher's excessive critique - 'No no!' The Spaniard Carmela Bousada = Date, such an old Ma bears a pair Tres bien = Er...in best Yao Ming = I gamy, no? Old soldier = O, does drill! A soldier = Is loader Isla Fisher = She is flair Henry M. Paulson = Money-rush plan = Prune man? Oh, sly! Video cameras = A sacred movie = A scared movie? Hillary Rodham Clinton = C. Hill nominator? Hardly! = Thrill on Monica? Hardly! Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton = ...and I'll lead into rich harmony The Russian defector = Oh, unrestricted & safe! = Code there is - Run fast = 'Friend' races to the US = In such fear to desert = I run to share defects = Ouch, deserter faints! = Cheated us & frontiers = Consider that US free = Red chief runs to East? Obesity? = Bite soy! Prometheus = Supreme hot = Presume hot = Muster hope = He most pure A chocolate collection = Alcohol, cocoa inlet, etc. A pathologist = Hospital-toga Forensic pathologist = I got into half corpses = 'Lights' proof into case = His 'glint' to proof case The censors = Short scene The forensic pathologist = Proof - it lightens 'hot case' = The apt relics of shooting The Asian Bird Flu epidemic = If media published, certain! = I mind the idea, public fears Internet spam = Is entrapment = Set men in trap (Alain) Prost = Sport Forest Whitaker = Hit for week? Star? British Parliament = Airs thine PM T. Blair French anti-semites = 'Fete' in Christ's name There is = It's here The Maid of Orleans = Foolhardiest name = 'Lionet' - head of arms = Led aims of a throne = Leads aim of throne = A homeland - 'To fires!' = O, flamed hero- saint! The Maiden of Orleans = One flamed saint hero The Van Allen's radiation belts = 'A tent'. Save Earth, land & billions The cirrhosis = This sore rich Boris Leonidovich Pasternak = It 'Bolshevik-Draconian' prose Author Boris Leonidovich Pasternak = Old patriotic Russian book? Hah, never! Pasternak's 'Doctor Zhivago' = Havoc-period. Tzar's 'got sank' Is there life on Mars? = Is aliens therefrom? = Other lifes remains? Costa del Sol = Cosset a doll = Coolest lads! Animadversion = 'Armed invasion' = A damn revision = Invaders aim, no? The Encyclopaedia Britannica = Notice inlay: Each part in A, B, C, D, E... Nine US soldiers killed in the Iraq bombing = 'Blood bill' requires names & inside thinking Liverpool knocked title-holders Barcelona out of the Champions League = Looks like English football team dethrone each old European Cup victor King Lear = Large kin Clint Eastwood in the film 'The Good, The Bad and the Ugly' = Blondie, Angel Eyes & dolt Tuco. Hot fight with damn Death = Find The Blondie, hot Angel Eyes & mad Tuco with that gold Chinese woman makes history in Ireland = Anna Lo(weak Erin-minority) heeds schism The former Playboy centerfold Anna Nicole Smith = OD. Hereby my last chapter of normal 'innocent' life [OD: overdose] Hamlet's soliloquy = Squeal-'Holy, I'm lost!' The famed terpsichorean Isadora Duncan = Hear it - I danced a thousand performances = I, Hetaira, danced thousand performances Ethical code = Dealt choice = i.e. Cold teach The 'Amor Amor' = Mother-Aroma Eau de toilette 'Amor Amor' = Made true elite aroma too Sinapism = Miss pain = I in spasm The tornadoes = O, Earth stoned! Dangerous narcotics = O, 'turd', grass 'n' cocaine! Raimonds Bergmanis = Big Iron Man's dreams Jeanne D'Arc, the Maid of Orleans = Some dear, French national jade = Oh, jade-man risen to lead France = Jade, as male, redo French nation = French jade, dame, "National Rose" = Aha, to join, redeem France-lands! Actress Shannon Tweed = Now she ascendent-star Computer software developer Charles Simonyi = Review (shortly): Led Europe-Microsoft & spaceman Francois Mitterand = It is mordant France Latin America = Inca material = It racial name Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida = O, Wonderland for 'wild' lads or laity! The Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida = O, holidays! Forward Little Wonderland! Campbells condensed tomato soup = Best and also complete compounds! Anti-USA protest = Our States inapt? North Korea would allow UN inspectors = We shall narrow nuke- production-tools Saint Peter's Basilica = Alias 'Priest's cabinet' The Prime Minister Jose Ramos-Horta = Here major East Timor person (it's him) The Atropa Belladonna = Oh, note: a 'real bad' plant A land overflowing with milk and honey = Known Holy Land within 'flavored' image The Norton AntiVirus = Invasion/tort hunter Norton AntiVirus (complete package)= 'An armour' (given tool keeps PC intact) Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Charlie Watts, Bill Wyman and Ronnie Wood = D.j., let me hear awkward, chic, hairy rock band 'Rolling stones'! I'm waiting! Colonel Gaddafi = I glad-faced loon = Leading fool & cad Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi = Recall, I am mad, fool and a mug Robin Hood of Locksley = O, fishy noble & old crook! Robin of Locksley = Noble, frisky & cool = O, robs folk nicely! = If Noble - sly crook Sir Robin of Locksley = No yells, I rob for sick = I rob nice or sly folks = Slyer. I nick (rob) fools Virginia Tech massacre = Grave & his Satanic crime Isabella Amaryllis Charlotte Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe = She caught Royal Prince's heart. Bill lolls - got a heart trauma Eva Hitler = Evil heart = Evil hater It a relevant ~ alternative Virginia Tech campus = A chap, ire, gun, victims = C.S. Hui - 'acting vampire' = C.S. Hui - 'am acting viper' Adolf Hitler and his Eva Braun = Ah, it's a Fuhrer and a blind love! The Parisian streets = Aha, prettiest sirens! A drought = Guard - HOT! Admire = I dream = I'm dear = Er...maid! Adoption = O, not paid! Alive and kicking = Living idea & knack Moist = O, mist! A billion = I on a bill Popular science fiction = Unclear, specific option = If icon - planet occupiers Craig Bellamy = Glib & racy male = Clearly, am Big! Craig Douglas Bellamy = Cordial ball-games guy = Go, dear guy, claim balls! Matrimonial = I'm marital, no? Wet behind the ears = He brat, he needs wit = He needs wit & breath Sylvester Stallone = O, vastly relentless! = No style stars level The Cinco de Mayo party = O, meat & pyrotechnic day! Concentration = O, inner contact! = Connection-art Chandelier = Hire candle Collaboration = A lot in co-labor Augmentation = I get an amount Competition = I mince to top Compote = Come & pot Corruption = Pro in court Christine Marie Evert-Lloyd = My 'little-horrid' serve in...Ace! Middle East arms race = Clear! maddest armies = Armies came & straddle = Mad leaders at crimes = A derelict drama & mess A Middle East arms race = Same dramatic leaders = Same dramatic dealers = Same racial, mad desert Venus de Milo = Line moved us America the beautiful = But a failure each time Mats Wilander = Lad - 'win-master' Sahara desert = Area's hardest = Sets hard area The American Express Card = Er...Dramatic expense & crash = Err...Dramatic cash expense Ra, The God of Sun = O, fond Huge Star! Actress Alice Krieg = Stars' ice-like grace Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado = Ain't a clever leader. Good farce Mujahid Osama Bin Laden = Bad man in jail? Madhouse? = I so unable jihad madman Thomas Paine = Ah, man is poet! Mister William Tunstall-Pedoe = I still manipulate words. Let me! 'Rolling Stones' Keith Richards = Dear rock 'n' roll hits, he sings it Director Sydney Pollack = Do old tricky screenplay PM mister Anthony Blair = Brits imply - Another man! Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs = She's stranded infant & we hew. Vow! Actor Tobey Maguire, best known for the Spiderman movies = I very fit, I make cobwebs, guard poor & net mean, hot monsters Thomas Edward Lawrence = Where M.East and 'cold war' Claude Oscar Monet = Made colours 'enact' = Can use 'tamed' color C.O. Monet and P. A. Renoir = Modern art? O no, an epic! Actress Katherine Heigl = Here she like acting star Impressionist Gustave Caillebotte = See strong, optimistic, 'live' tableaus = Got live cities prints, some tableaus Hosni Mubarak = O, a brisk human! = U monkish Arab! Walter Richard Rudolf Hess = Coward Fuhrer's (Hitler's) lad Windows Internet Explorer = New 'torrent'! See world in pix Actress Angela Bassett = A clean, best stages star Vladimir Putin, George Bush and Tony Blair = Big, unearthly, overbidding manipulators An intercourse = Union, 'race', rest The Prime Minister Tony Blair = Mental Tory in British Empire = My intolerant British Empire = There I trim problems & inanity The Global Warming = Big warmth, all gone Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor = She bizarre lady 'to loot' men Actress Maria Magdalene Dietrich = America-star hides German dialect = Maid is a real, rich & decent megastar The Brunei Princess wed in lavish ceremony = Very rich bride wins helpmate (union scenes) Terpsichorean = Her part so nice! = O, it's her prance! = Actor spin here = Archers, pointe = Stir, hop, careen Old synagogue = God, angels & you = Ay, God's lounge! = God alone & guys The old synagogue = Gently, a God-House! = Go see Godly haunt = Goal - hunt God's eye = House only gadget = Old gauge - honesty = Gauged Holy-Stone = God atones, hugely = God so neatly huge = One God, hale & gutsy = God, only He, A Guest Mattress = Rests-mat Lewis Hamilton has won The Canadian Grand Prix = As next national champion, lad wins high reward = This new exhilarating champion 'lands on' award How come 'abbreviated' is such a long word? = O, huge! Above, old comic Bernard Shaw's wit. Either that wallpaper goes or I do = That 'pearl' - poor O. Wilde's 'heritage' International = Learn it in NATO? The arrows = War & throes = Others war The poisoned arrow = Ooh, stirred weapon! = A 'shower' to pride, no? Salman Rushdie is knighted = He's hunting Islam dark side The President of the United States of America, George Walker Bush = Bad rated, pert ego, reckless man...I get effort in the White House, USA = Funked, macabre leader got stage. Prefers to sit in the White House = World Trade Centre's outrage his huge mistake. He's 'patentee' of fib. The Collection of Tragedies, written by William Shakespeare = It a new series of weird plays. It King Lear, Othello, Macbeth, etc. The Father's day = He's earthy & daft = He's hearty & daft Too much wine = I touch women International Women's Open = Real women in a top tennis, no? Auf Wiedersehen = When free ..."Adieus!" Examination = I...No, I am a....NEXT!! Midas = Is mad 'Deep forest' music = CD of supreme site Shove it! = His veto Hopeless = H-e-e-l-p! SOS! The Russian revolution = Soviet union's real = Riots. Union have result = Tovarish Lenin route us Always look on the bright side of life = O, life is OK! I forget all the washy & bond = Oh, don't see filth of bias, ill, weak, gory! There is no place like home = Real homesick. I telephone. Mother Nature = Ah, True mentor! = Her name - Tutor = Tour there, man! = Tour , Earthmen! = More than true What can I do? = How? Can't aid! The disloyalty = Hate & do it slyly Television = i.e. Lies on TV Temptations = Main, top test Elvis Presley = Sip & yell verse Exotic sight = Sex; I got itch Give us a bit optimism = A big MUST. I'm positive Spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs = Cards! (Husband is most pleased) Manchester United = Nice team? Nuts! Herd! = Ten in red. Such team! Playlets = Let's play! The road to hell is paved with good intentions = DOING leads to Lord, not 'I wish it, even hope that...' Pianofortes = Fits on opera General idea = An agreed lie I'm not that kind of girl = Taking hint - flirt--mood = Tonight I mind for talk Look what they done to my song = Got easy, hot-hot, known melody The smile of Mona Lisa = Loons, I am this female! [i.e. Leonardo da Vinci himself] Man does not live by bread alone = Note, I demand real love, baby-son... = O, I demand eternal love, baby-son... = Reveal boloney: obtain demands! Counsel = Clues, no? Walt Disney 'Pocahontas' = Told, was captain's honey Abd-ar-Rahman = Hard Arab-man Kleptomaniac = I con & take lamp... The hermaphrodite = Mother hid there Pa The secret lover = Settle her & cover Hippodromes = Oh, rides-pomp! The Spanish flamenco = Females hop in chants Trues are...treasure Entertainment = Meant Internet? = Men at Internet The groom and the bride = Both 'honed' & get married Kareem Abdul Jabbar id est Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor = Undid a wide, fine basketball career, as L.Bird & M. Jordan Christmas comes but once a year = Come, you smartass! Be nicer & chat Mona Lisa (real name is 'La Gioconda') = So, again, Leonardo & 'maniacal' smile Ashton Moore = Ooh, a monster! Chernobyl disaster = Horrible days & scent Diplomats = Spoilt & mad Submarine = Marine-bus Private tennis coach = An active sport-niche = I can patch into serve New Years resolutions = New, lousy reassertion = Iron rules? Yes, no sweat! = One is swears - Only true! = No war, lust, sin, eyesore = Now, I truly see reasons The chronic disease = Er...his chances to die = O heed, this is cancer! Disembarkation = i.e. Damn boat - risk! I've got...to give The financier = Rich, neat, fine An Alzheimer disease = Seem, I a senile-hazard Criminality = I'm nary licit Gregorian chants = Stern 'gang', a choir Via satellite = At least I 'LIVE'! Censorship = He crops sin The weight-lifters = Re: Fight with steel! Cheetah = He cat, eh! Fate has decided otherwise = Direct is - 'Oh, he was defeated!' The loose girl = To Hell, orgies! Beautiful girl = I all but figure The Oscar statue = Oh, create status! The road accidents = I'd tot: each cars' end Hibernations = Oh, it bears 'inn'! That is to say...it has to stay Former French President Charles de Gaulle = HM nice, perfect 'frogs land's' leader. He ruler. The unprintable anagrams = Unpleasant, a nightmare, br.... The French cook = Reckon 'hot chef' An impressionist = I in spots smearin' = Is points smearin' = I'm "stains-person", I Shakespeare's Hamlet, Prince of Denmark - To be or not to be, that is the question = Heirs' memorable queer hesitations, that betoken potent fears and top shock The hospital patients = Test this top pain & heal Mountain Everest = O, it means venture! = Vet mountaineers = I must venerate, no? If you are to describe the truth, leave the elegance to the tailor = The reality - facts - vulgar, hated & eerie. There thee 'boot' elocution Limited time offer = Timed for lifetime? Agatha Christie, Murder on the Orient Express' = Here text: Grouped hero-massacre (in this train) The horse guards = Hurrah, go steeds! La Fontaine = I tale-fan, no? Eucalyptus = Cut, use, play The military = Hi, army title! Love at the first sight = Is to vest heart-flight Most our children lack...the Rock and Roll music! Telephone directories = I plot here erotic needs Homeopathy = Ooh, empathy! The force of gravity = To verify g-factor, eh! = Forgive theory. FACT. The 'Werther's original' candies = Another rich darling sweeties = Danger's there within - calories = I, rare new taste cherishing old Anthony Charles Lynton Blair = Healthy Briton. Can only snarl The best football player in the world - Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Pele) = Added note: This ebony fellow is able talent, phenomenal top scorer & star! Michelangelo's statue 'David' = Old athleticism, nude savage Morganatically = Amatory-calling = Loyal & tragic man = Romantic gal-lay The mother nature is calling = Hi, man! (regular toilet-stench) Emotional insanity = It is inane, mat, loony James Bond's serial = Real Man's job sides The 'James Bond' serial = There Man's job & ladies Females = Feel, Sam! Masturbation = An aim - to burst = Mania to burst X and Y chromosomes = Ah, common sexy 'rods'! The Fine Young Cannibals = A big fun. Can listen, honey! The Oprah Winfrey Show = Fat one. Why worship her? Well's...swell Newcastle United = Salute decent win The American continent = Ancient, ancient Mother Don Quixote de la Mancha = He (qua) exotic and old man Pamela Anderson = Reason man paled = One real damn sap English Premier League football = Regular belief - hooligans 'temple' = Temperable, ill hooligans refuge English Premier League = Huge, 'ripe' men galleries The famous composer Frederic Chopin = O, his French-mood music & opera, perfect! The American actor Tom Cruise = I cinema star. Cute charmer too. Rome, Eternal City = More recent Italy Motion picture 'Alexander' = I exotic, proud, eternal man A typical American = 'Clean' aim - rapacity World of cinema = Claim of wonder Fatso = So fat Massachusett's bay = Sea, but mass yachts Pills = P.S. ill The stains of semen = Manifest on sheets Pulchritudes = Cupid hurtles = Hustler, Cupid! The prophecies of Nostradamus = His mouthed forecasts on paper Painter Claude Monet = Our talented epic man = A pure 'demonic' talent = Muted, pale art. Nice, no? 'I, Claudius' by Robert Graves = (sic) About very big sad ruler Tiger Woods = Good wrist, e? Durex contraceptives = Penis-duct extra cover The Blessed Eucharist = HE cuts, bleeds...Share it! = Bread's the clue, thesis The footballer Diego Armando Maradona = Oh, lad from Argentina-team! A loaded boor! The vegetarian meals = Hi, gal never eats meat! The porcelain toilets = Nice & tall to shit or pee = I in the real top closet = A cell to shit or pee, nit! = The certain stool-pile = All rotten piece o' shit Habeas corpus = So, chap abuser Pilates method = It's made to help Arthur Conan Doyle, 'Sherlock Holmes stories' = Sleuth locates crooks error; many he holds in Terra Incognita = Terrain: I can't go The Arabian desert = Bitter sand area, eh! = I bear ardent heats The Winter Olympic Games in Sochi = We promising nice, homy athletics Race to the White House begins = The Cabinet goes with rehouse Help rebuild lives and communities in hurricane affected states = Pure idea. The Bush-Clinton fund lifts medical service, reanimates A miscreant = Mean racist = Crime-Satan Alice Hobday = O, be a hic-lady! [She has been hiccuping for the last 20 years] The 'Nivea' = It heaven! The 'Nivea' gel-cream = Large achievement! Protests in Pakistan = Riots spin & knap state The Middle East Peace negotiations = Palestine - agitated, sectioned home Greek Achilles = Large sick heel Bin Laden issues warning on Iraq and Israel = No grins. Al-Qaida ensures asinine blind war. France ushers in New Year's smoking ban = Frogs wane 'chimneys', rakes insane 'burn' Ray Kroc, the founder of McDonald's = Fast food or darned lunch-mockery Plane with ten aboard crashes in Alaska = A clear snow-blankets, an airship, a Death Levee breaks amid West Coast storms = Dams' set-waters became risk to solve An added = Addenda Report of UFO = Proof of true? The gourmand = Mouth-danger = Mad to hunger Oversimplification = (sic) A primitive 'n' fool = I from naive politics The customer is always right = Myth & laughter ('cos I waitress) = Waitress (laugh) - 'Come & try this!' Scottish chemist Charles Mackintosh = Sets thick 'mesh/schism' raincoat cloth The Italian physicist Galileo Galilei = On a high Pisa I elicit & tally legalities Religion is the opium of the masses = Implies enough stories of atheism = Theism is morphine, false guise too = Theism is poison, is 'Rule of the Game' = Theism - he's poison, failure, egotism = Seems theism is huge potion or 'fail' = Life rough. Seems theism is a potion Ashley Alexandra Dupre = Had pure sex and real lay Puritanical lifestyle = Alliance & purity itself = Lay-clients are pitiful = Nuptials - real felicity = Actually, pristine life = Face it, lay - insult & peril Professor Walter Lewin = One laws & powers trifler The American actor Michael Douglas = Oh, real star! Magical, touched cinema. Magnetic = 'Magic net' Sacerdotal = Sacred, a lot = A Lord-caste Sacerdotalism = I almost sacred Marathon Seoul = Some run! A lot, ah? A monotony = Too many, no? Spring is in the air = Is heart-inspiring! Confidant = O, can't find! A Chevrolet Silverado = Love road-star vehicle = O, road-travels-vehicle! Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz = Just a crazed Red, fool 'n' liar Polygamist = Gimp to lays San Diego, California = Sea, air, lacing in food Crime doesn't pay = O, it's damn creepy! Titanic, The Unsinkable Ship = Until ice knaps it in the bash The United States Government = Don't trust these negative men The coitus = Touchiest = Host cutie = Hot cuties = O, hi cutest! Stomach stapling operation = A chop to patients' organ...Slim? Christian ideology = Only God is hieratic! Bandit = Bad nit Hippocrates = Chop-parties! = i.e. Chop parts = Chop, it spare! Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli = Blow of 'raveled' maid. Title remains in USA The Princess Diana = She ends in a pit-car Steven Demetre Georgiou alias Cat Stevens now Yusuf Islam = Evocative singer gets away & turns into eased useful Moslem The California Golden Bears = Headings in football career Great Smoky Mountains = Me making a stony tours = Making some nasty tour Cognitive therapist = Giant theoretic spiv = Tragic...then positive = Visiting top teacher = Visiting top cheater = O, visiting that creep! Salmonella = On all meals The hurricane Felix = He erratic influx, eh? Israeli 'spy' Mordechai Vanunu = Pan, he is a very ridiculous man [pan - to critisize] Roland Emmerich's 'The day after tomorrow' = Some lower dramatic 'hydro-threat' for men EURO finals, Portugal, Lisbon = O, lea & unsurprising football! Honest? = He's not! = She not! Society of Jesus = Sect; issue of joy Couple of megabytes = Maybe goes to 'fuel' PC? I practised ...pediatrics The famous sportswoman Nadia Comaneci = Was cute, modest Romanian champion, oafs! One strange animal - liger = Means a large lion 'n' tiger The footballer = He 'battler' & fool Hetaerism = Harem-site Painter and scientist Leonardo da Vinci = Precision, standard, icon, a divine talent Pleasure = Super ale! = Pure sale The simultaneous orgasms = Usual moans together, miss = Smasher, got mutual noises! = Shouts also rung same time = Soul-shouts rang same time Ernest Hemingway = Name's with energy! Intelligence Quotient = Quite nice, telling note The anti-aging treatment = At time-negating art, then Mother's little helper = Throes? Her mettle-pill Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev = Thick Russian; high verve & cheek English proverbs and sayings = N.B. Vary lingo designs & phrases Painters = Sea print Satan - Prince of Darkness = Data: Enforces sin & pranks = Case of prankster and sin = So, face prankster and sin The oldest profession in the world = Need it? Find whore, trollop, hostess... United States of America = Dictator. Senate is 'a fume' = See an attitude of racism = Inside, a true taste of Mac = i.e. Infatuates Democrats = It's 'Free to act' - Made in USA = It force-state Made in USA = Fete to racist Made in USA = See for maniacs attitude = Fetid in most acute areas = Dictates to 'A free animus'= De facto is neat, is mature Our state made finest CIA = Meet our fantastic ideas Trojan horse tale = Hot roan - real jest (roan - horse) Tale of Trojan horse = Foal or another jest? President Bush = He's bit spurned So, the war in Vietnam is a fiasco? = America's invasion - hit of waste? Agatha Christie's Poirot = Right, I chase a rapist too Homo Sapiens = O, man is so hep! Gilbert and Sullivan = Ballads turning live David and Batsheba = Diva ends a bath bad She's a very kinky girl, the kind you don't take home to mother = OK, she's dirty, tough, hot, mordant knave & 'monkey'. Yet, I like her Hamlet, Prince of Denmark = Frank man & the Cold Empire Laura Ingalls Wilder's 'Little house on the prairie' = Her tale - all low lies, unrestrained girlish Utopia. Erotic fantasies = Ai, fast erections! Frustration and despair = Rats, I darned! Unfair! Stop! The heavy crime = Eh, I have't mercy! The oldest profession = O, dispose rotten flesh! Woman = Ma now Automatic gear = Am out, I get a car Demetria Guynes = Sugary teen Demi [Demi Moore] The English soccer = He gets chronicles Races driver Emerson Fittipaldi = Trivial terrific speeds-...and more! Treason = One's rat Grand finale = A flaring end Painter El Greco = Er...grace, top line = Grace & repletion = Elegance or trip? Do's and Dont's = Odd stands, no? The famous criminals = or Such mafia-men list Polygraph test = Apt. Helps. Go, try. Actresses Kristin Davis, Cynthia Nixon, Kim Cattrall, and Sarah Jessica Parker = 'Sex and the City'; stars in this movie. Carnal japes and lark critics rank as a 'risk'. The show-girl = Hi, worth legs! Shark-infested waters = States where dark fins The Temptations = Potent hits team Pre-revolutionary Russia = Previously, in our tsar-era Hieronymus Bosch = Oh, my brush so nice! The intercourse = Sh, true erection! Adolf Hitler = Drill of hate Red Hot Chili Peppers = Propel rich deep hits Actress Sophia Loren = She special star, or no? Animal vivisection = No, a sin! Victim alive! So help me God = Homed gospel The intelligence = Lithe, gentle, nice Horsepower = Where spoor Pianofortes = Pair of notes = Fit on operas = In soft opera One googol = e.g. long OOO.... The other woman = or The new hot ma Celebration = or Nice table Decoration = O, in Art-deco! = Iron-coated The androgen = Ah, 'Not-gender!' My old woman = Now moldy ma Electronics = Note cicles Phantasmagoria = Oh, is apt - Anagram! President = It spender = Need trips Disaster = Star dies = Er.. it's sad South America, Brazil = It our rich zeal - SAMBA! Groom and bride = Go bond, married = Odd mirage born Failure of health = Hah, of ill feature! At any price = Pay certain Sin against The Holy Ghost = Satan's thing, his theology Diamonds = Maids nod Cluster of spectators = Respects/flouts actor Mona Lisa = A man's oil Christmas = It's charms Televiewers = We see TV & rile American actress = Main career - casts = Scenarist, camera... Between ourselves = We're so even & subtle The chicanery = Rich cheat, ney? Acerbity = Act by ire Hide-and-seek = See kid? Ah, end! Hors d'oeuvres = Devours horse? The Laws of Nature = What not, safe rule! = What true/false, no? Freudian slip = Prudes in fail = Failin' prudes Better a living dog than dead lion = Tend & gain to be alive and old, right?! Cosmopolitan = Is cool top man = It's cool - no map! Nightingale = Genial 'thing' = It nigh angel! Onanism = O, man, sin! Famous singer Paul Anka = Usual, par man. A King's foe. Stumble = Tumbles There is six condoms in a pack = Choice is - rampant sex & no kids! Velocipede = Lope-device White House, Washington DC = Inside? Thug, he who acts now Sting and The Police = Angled top nice hits The package tour = Take group & teach Teach one's grandmother to suck eggs = Suggest to aged reckon on the charms = Suggest to an aged to check her norms The minor = In mother = More thin The compulsive anagrammer = Put me in, am each 'grams lover The confusion = He not in focus Nuclear spy = Any scruple Made for one another = Hard frame: One to One = Enamored of another? The economy packs = Pocket cash money The jurisdiction = Hi, no justice, dirt! The jurisdictions = ID (in short) - justice The city of Liverpool = Chief port; lively too! = O, it lovely chief port! = Oh, love & felicity port! International airports = Airliner-stop (not a train) I am not myself today = Testimony of malady A 'Tony Awards' = Art nowadays Seventh Idol David Cook = Oh, lad's kind voice voted! The sprinter Usain Bolt = Ah, list! I best top runner = This 'bestial' top runner = This stabile top runner = or I hit, planet's best run! = Able in short, 'petit' runs = It able in the run-sports LeBron Raymond James = Yes, male 'born M. Jordan'! Thomas Lauren Friedman = Author. Man framed lines. No limits, no excuses = O, smile, sex counts in! Flat Earth Society = O, the facts? Reality? Bo Diddley = Died by old = Old did 'bye!' Holy land, Israel = Yes, I Lord 'n' Allah! Food, drink and cigarette = O, kind diet & danger factor! The political spectrum = Hot multiple practices = Host multiple practice Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam = Militants; afoot reliable regime Castro = Tsar Co. Salmonella Enterica = Meal is not real clean! = Er...lo, meals ain't clean! The penis enlaregment = Repine meanest length Debit = I debt Edouard Leon Cortes = O, used a tender color! = One deeds - colour-art = Needs colour to dare = Read on color etudes The Blue Marble = Belle Earth, bum! Gentle sex = Let X-genes Ernesto 'Che' Guevara = A true chaos & revenge = Eager venture & chaos = Hate nerves...Courage! = See anger & true havoc = Hero gave us 'A centre' = Tough as a reverence = Thou - reverence saga = Aha, gusto & reverence! The waters = Earth's wet = Wets earth The New York Times = They kit more news = O my, there news-kit! The 'Victoria's Secret' lingerie = I aesthetic girl's entire cover 'Good cholesterol' = or See logo to HDL-C Save the rainforests! = O, trees vanish faster! Earth's forests = 'Stash' for trees Francois de la Rochefoucauld = Ooh, focused careful cardinal! = Ah, could use force of cardinal! = Lo, audacious French face Lord! Jules Gabriel Verne, 'Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea' = He revealed 'Nautilus' journey's beneath waters; guts-legend Mark Cavendish = Hacks in mad rev = Hack in mad revs [cyclist] Pope Benedict XVI = Expect divine bop Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. = Champions in beer. Use such can! A praised...paradise Barack Hussen Obama = Abask America, no Bush! = Ah, USA, some brain back! Miss America Contest = Most nicest is a Cream! Colorado Technical University = Live on nice lady-tutor, sir-coach... Acropolis of Athens = Ooh, place for saints! = Location of seraphs = He's on capital's 'roof' Pireaus, Athens = Sea, ship, nature... = Tune ships area Pireaus, the port of Athens = For that purpose, in the sea Staycation = Ay, ain't cost! Cholesterol drug Vytorin = Right doctor & lovely nurse = Very strong cure to ill, doh! 'They Might be Giants' = Get the many big hits Diego Armando Maradona = Oo, ardor and 'mad in a game'! = O, a game-domain and ardor! Deniers of the Holocaust = ...cussed -,'Oh, Hitler not a foe!' The burgomaster = Treat some burgh The Federal Republic of Germany = Anger & fume by creep Adolf Hitler 'I can do all things through HIM who gives me strength' = The churl man's growth & high elevations in Gods' might! The life in USA = Hi, I feel as nut! Impertinence = In nice temper? Hallucinogenic drugs = Ugh, luring cocaine & LSD! David Foster Wallace = Deal alive word & facts The Islamic leader ...dallies hate & crime = Heretical mislead? = I deal clear theism = Ideal & clear theism Abu Dhabi = I a bad hub A three hundred and sixty five days = Huh, evens tidy-fixed standard year! Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island = Reword: Splendid vacations in Canada Insurance = I can nurse Health insurance = Hi, rent can heal us! = Can heal 'the ruins' A grandfather = Ah, fart danger! A grandmother = or The grandma = Grandma to her A Manchester City Football Club = Best faculty team, brill coach. No? Sean Patrick Flanery = Nice 'n' freaky pal. Star. The dramatist William Shakespeare = Was 'a peak!' Theatres still admire him = His art made him as star. We keep it all. Tenor Placido = Pal crooned it Tenor Placido Domingo = Made top crooning idol = Top crooning idol, dame = Top! God or idol? Nice man The tenor Placido Domingo = I adept, hot crooning model A motion picture 'Body of Lies' = CIA importunes it bloody foe The coach Fabio Capello = Football-ace. I 'chop' each. 'American Pie' films = Fair simple cinema Don't publish my name = The Dumb, simply anon. = Don't spy, I humble man = Dumb the lips. Anonym. Fernando Alonso = So, lad ran on F.One = Lad of Senna or no? = Fool ran on sedan? Politics in the United States = It is lies, hate, stupid content Bristol Palin and Levi Johnston = Both join travels and sin. No pill = A van...Sinned. Pill? Jolt, birth soon! = Print: Both, lad 'n' lass, join in love Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel = True paragon and skilful man = Great sound in a full park, man! = Sound in park. Artful men. Gala = Painful song - an adult remark Wall Street = We tell - rats! = Rest, wallet The young and the restless = Then, see hunt, loss tragedy = Tush! nonetheless - tragedy Millvina Dean = Land, man! I live! (Titanic's survival) Driver Lewis Hamilton = or Trivial wheels-mind The erotic man = I am hot 'n' erect 'Late Show' with David Letterman = Wild, tart, white male heads on TV Director Oliver Stone = Torrid love to screen, I Bernard 'The Executioner' Hopkins = He - prudent boxer; 'inheritance' -KO's Charles A. Lindbergh = Bring all, he crashed! Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg = Remarkable charm; right below [actor and underwear model] Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska = I am rich, I grip deals, love vodka [Russian millionaire] Religious fundamentalist = Men, our life is a dust, a glint! = I fall. I use trust in God. Amen! Wings = Swing 'Now that the magic has gone' = Somewhat changing to hate [song] Vegetarianism = Re: I am veganist = Mister, I a vegan = Eager vitamins = I in 'starve-game' = I am serving tea = Meat? I? Grave sin! Cockpit of airplane = A nice pack for pilot The waiter = With eater President-elect Barack Obama = America pretends to be a Black 'Waiter, there's a fly in my soup!' = 'This - meat', - was your fine reply The final countdown = Until end of watch, no? Anthony Charles Lynton Blair = Only the inborn sly charlatan = Real chaos by tall North ninny Northern Los Angeles, California = Hot inferno grills one clans' area = One can grill as real, hot infernos The Deripaska scandal = Sneak Red capital, dash Kanye Omari West = We make noisy art! [rapper] Earnest Graham = Game's heart, ran = Hem...ran as Great! [American foootball runner] President Barack Hussein Obama = Sad nation. Peacemaker ribs Bush Ford, Chrysler and General Motors = Oh, normally strong cars deferred! The Palestine Liberation Organization = Antagonize Israel, battle their opinion The Counter Strike = Nice trek, true shot [computer game] Anagrams never lie = Aver real meanings Contradiction = It ain't concord Oscar de la Hoya "The Golden Boy" = Real good healthy body case, no? [boxer] The Gibson Brothers = Three short gibbons We are fighting shadows = This aged/newish war - fog = Ah, this new war is fogged! Crime drama "The Godfather" = Mafia; get them hard record Yves Saint Laurent = Analyst in vesture = I slant any vesture = Vain-natures style = Any suit's relevant 'Don't let the sun go down on me' = Do them old tune, not new song 'Every little thing she does is magic' = Yes, Miss Delight! Nice, great love-hit! = Agreed, Miss gets nice hit, lovely hit Stratford-Upon-Avon in Warwickshire, Britain = Harp a visit in our known, a terrific bard's town Bermuda triangle = A gamble, intruder! = A tangible murder = Grim but a real end = A din - great rumble = I arranged tumble = Mean, large, turbid = Me (I) - brutal danger = Be alert, man, I drug! = Beat regular mind = Able at murdering = Belting marauder 'Message in a bottle' = Tenable aim - get SOS Austrian Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger = Warrior/agent galls in hazardous scene Back seat driver = Be track-adviser = Bad track? Revise! = Direct, 'bark', SAVE! Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet = Look, dear pal, 'Titanic' drowned in sea! = OK, do awarded panel in 'Titanic' roles! Greta Lovisa Gustafsson = US loves 'gas' of giant star = O, love, gas, fuss! Giant star! [Greta Garbo] Swedish - American actress Greta Lovisa Gustafsson = Giant star of silent movies. Her success saga, awards... The Athenian dramatist Sophocles = I attach at sleep, son and his mother Le nozze di Figaro ossia la folle giornata (Commedia per musica) = Mozart's famous opera; a comic dialog realizing one's 'ideal' life Defenestration = Die faster - no net! Can we do it? Yes we can! = Concede, it's a new way! Matisse, 'Pink Nude' = Spunkiest maiden Henri Matisse, 'Pink nude' = Put in herein naked miss The plastic money = No cash? Pity. Let me! A tragedy = Great day? The Washington Post = That hot 'n' new gossip Giant Mozart's "The Marriage of Figaro' = Groom (hair-setter) got amazing affair Guantanamo Bay Detention Centre = Any neat education began? Torment! = An annoyed acute beating, torment The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi = Connote to carved foolish boy, peculiar child = Carpenter's voiced, fictional boy-doll...Oh! Ouch! Los Angeles, California, USA = Colossal Arnie in a sea-gulf 'Othello, the Moor of Venice' by William Shakespeare = Ebony hero (he was epic lover) aims to kill hot female = The ebony asocial hero kills white female over mop = Aha, here ebony lover, top male, comes to kill his wife = Hoar macho ebony lover kills his petite female. Woe = All real tale? Ebony hero chokes his wife. Motive - mop. The movie 'Last tango in Paris' = Pair having emotional tests = To save mating relationship? My documents, My pictures, My music = My cute computer is My mind, My cuss The decapitation = I can't tie top (head) = Ain't death poetic? The African continent = In fact, innocent earth VAustralia = Air-valutas [International airline] Federico Fellini's 'Satyricon'= Ironical, dirty scenes of life = Direct, fierily confessional = Inference - crisis of old Italy Life sucks and then you die = F*, destiny so unideal, eh! The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) = Seamiest henchmen act vs Israel to maim Economy crisis = Coin/coins misery Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert = Elite leadership is minimum terror = Minimum terror desire? Help, it's a lie! Transgression = Er...strong as sin Poet William Shakespeare = Marlowe is the lapse, I - Peak! President Barack Hussein Obama = He's boss in a bankrupted America How to find her G-spot = Wend for top, hot sigh Motherly advice = Ma to every child = Very methodical Chevrolet Optra = The top car, lover! Cold, snow, the men ski = In Stockholm, Sweden "Slumdog Millionaire" = I'll earn good sum. I, mil! = I earn old mil. I so glum A metrosexual = Amour + latexes 'Hamburger Union' = Ah, bring our menu! The famous Williams sisters - Serena and Venus = Won massive sums at tennis fields; share 'a rule' 'Race to Witch Mountain' = Cinema 'on tour'. Watch it! The Irish Republican Army = Uhr, chaps aim Erin liberty! White House = 'W' out. He is, eh. Broadway theatres, New York = Aye, dear, entry to B. Shaw work! Australia's "Sound Relief" Concert = Tunes, arts for local audience, sir Film 'Enemies: A love story' = See not filmsy, real movie = Messy-life movie. Real? Not! 'Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens = A very wit-blest kids' chronicles Ginola = In!..G-O-A-L The astronautics = O, authentic stars! Car owner = Careworn 'Ivanhoe' by Sir walter Scott = The basic violent war story Brotherhood of men = Both - honor & freedom American International group = 'No guarantee' or inapt, criminal = Corrupt manager, nation in a lie = A large, mean, corrupt inanition The Somali pirate = A hostile primate The Somalian pirates = A peril to this seaman The climate changes = Cliche - Heat gets man Aborigines = Base, origin The actor Clint Eastwood = I do that cool western act London, Great Britain = Land at Breton origin 'The Old Man and the Sea' = Man's death - lone death Nadia Comaneci = I can do 'n' I am ace The signs of the zodiac = Hi, this got dozen faces City of Yellowknife = I flee folky icy town = I feel folky icy town Mister Simon Wiesentahl = Mission: waste Hitler-men Ennio Marchetto = Oh, eminent actor! Entertainer Ennio Marchetto = Cram entire theatre in one, not? Yellowknife = Only few like Dom DeLuise = Lo, Muse died! = I used model 'It is a foolish thing to make a long prologue and to be short in the story itself' = Ooh, ooh! Thereon so stupid to start lengthily , still making fine saga too brief President Obama = A best man, period! = A most deep brain The Spanish Armada = Had seamanship-art = Hard at seamanship = Ah, hard stamp in sea! = Aha, them Spaniards! The fashion designer Gianni Versace = Ah, neat rig of his, a nice evening dress! The global crisis = Er..big chaos, still Bare-chested = Cedes the bra Statue "Venus de Milo = Mute stone is valued = U sad mute live stone! Don't cry for me, Argentina ...and try confront a regime Caffeine = Fine cafe Desperation = I need pastor = A tied person = A top need, sir Metro Station = Treats motion United States Naval Academy = Active men study sea at a land Merriam Webster's dictionary = Remains my best 'word-criteria' The Penguin Dictionary of Proverbs = Providing you brief phrase content Susan Margaret Boyle = A bore, ugly star's name = Songs by real amateur The general store = A lot genres there 'Sex and the city' = Excited 'n' nasty X-Men origins: Wolverine = Nix new longer movie, sir! Arlovski = Rival's KO The esophageal cancer = Along speech-tracheae A trachea = Chat-area Author Willard R. Espy = Hi, 'Words at play' ruler! Respirations = Spit air, snore A motion picture "Schindler's list' = Holocaust in silent, direct prism = Holocaust. Script lines remind it An old? = No, lad! Miss California's...as firm as silicon Apotheosis = He is so atop! The ballroom dancings = man and girl, both close Mortise and tenon = Damn, so enter into! = O, met and insert, no? Treasure chest = Sh, a true secret! International diplomacy = All piracy, domination-net The Chernobyl Nuclear power plant in Ukraine = The uncannily blown peripheral nuke reactor The music from Argentina = Same rich firm tango tune Vincent Van Gogh's masterpiece Sunflowers = Moving, elegant, freshest 'crown-cups' in vase UFO photos = Thou spoof! Male castration = Omit a carnal set Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, and Rupert Grint = Draw masterful Potter, gal and friend in cinema Beethoven's Eroica = Ooh, nice! A best, ever! Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood = Adorable words while rich with aphorisms Medieval wars against the Muslims in the Middle Ages, led by Christian kings = Whisking, deadly, evil crusades; mean, detrimental battles missing high aims The dramatis personae = Pros names aid theatre The lingam = Male thing The Mount Rushmore National Memorial = Human moment - I aim to honor late rulers The Guantanamo prison = O, that USA! Raping men, no? Tropical storm Claudette = Mad clutter, peril to coast South African Caster Semenya = A fact: once he ran as true missy The Last Supper = 'Sheep' trust pal British Royal Marine = It is an army. Horrible! I need 'rags' = A designer Chastity belt = By latch I test An oasis in the desert = i.e. ease thirst on sand The soldier Gilad Shalit = I, lad, still their hostage = Slight to halted Israeli American imperialism = A criminal empire's aim Ralph Waldo Emerson = Ah, all pen, more words! 'Don't cry for me Argentina' = Grief (rent Madonna to cry) 'Don't leave me this way' = Mate whined - Stay, love!' The song 'Candle in the wind' = Scathed end. Elton whining. Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad = Oh, a Tehran-drip, madman. Denies Judaism. Beyonce 'Single ladies' = Nice lie. Gals need boys Periodic Table of Chemical Elements = A rectifiable incomplete old scheme Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum = Am sheik, mammoth man, Dubai lord David Wright Miliband = A wild, avid, bright mind The missionary position = Oh, yes sir, it's main option! = I on the top 'o any miss. I, sir = I stay on her, I on top. I, miss Teva Pharmaceutical Industries = It's truth: Israel made up vaccine Take a gamble = Make a bet, gal Take a position = OK, attain pose Take a shower = Soak (water, eh) Andrea del Sarto = One dear lad's art [painter] Peter Silverman = Me reveals print [owner of Leonardo da Vinci's new painting] The Goldstone report = No gold there, protest! He met his Waterloo = I lost the war, eh? O, me! Lethal dose = O, sell Death! Dehydration = i.e. hot 'n' dry Halloween costume party = We can put on REAL clothes Inspector = I stern cop The snoring problems = Mr. robs night sleep, no? United Artists Company = Tops at cinema industry Piano recitals = I air notes, clap! Astronaut Neil Alden Armstrong = Moon landing - rarest, real stunt! Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal = Here, lad makes Allah ashamed The ignoramus = Mr. 'A hot genius' The singer Dana International = Dashing national entertainer Fruits and vegetables = Best value. Fits garden = Defeat starving-blues The middle ear = Did let me hear The Emperor's New Clothes' fairy tale = Yells of: 'HM creep, he wears not attire!' Former cities of East Berlin and West Berlin = Two became one. Residents refill rift in bars Michelin star = Meal ain't rich? The dormitory = Roomed thirty 'There's Something About Mary' = Both youngsters' aim: mate her Siberian weather = A bias here - winter Russian city of Perm = Music party is on fire = No music party. Fire! = A 'crispy' misfortune The Climate Talks = Task: Halt ice melt! Osama bin Mohammed, bin Awad bin Laden = I who bombed lands, I bad man, I a mean man West Qurna oilfield = Iraq: Found well site = Oldest fuel in W.Iraq 'Up in the air', starring George Clooney = Hero in one great picture gains glory Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi = I cunning producer of festive operas Little Red Riding Hood = I, girl, 'hired' to tend old Well known fairy tale 'Little Red Riding Hood' = They - little girl and leerin' wolf in dark wood Bruce Springsteen, alias 'The Boss' = A superb singer! Best hits! So clean! The Nigerian terrorist Umar Farouk Abdulmutaliab = Fraud, a liar, true killer targets to ruin, a human-bomb The knight in shining armour = Thinking - Union! He's a Mr.Right! Porsche Carrers GT = Sport car, her grace = Recharge sport car The Israeli Defense Force = Teen soldiers face fire, eh Captain Chelsey B.Sullenberger III = Bet he rescues plane in a big, icy rill The Middle East Peace Talks = Semites talked. Dealt pact, eh? The Italian sculptor Nicola Pisano = I can cut, tailor, polish a plain stone The Great Ocrober Socialist Revolution = Itch to a terrible violence. So, tsar, go out! Ukraine's Viktor Yanukovich = You think crank Kiev-saviour? Astrud Gilberto = Old, true, big star Sylvester Stallone in the Rambo series = Artist's silent, lonely hero seems brave Senior Hamas military commander Mahmoud Abdel Rauf al-Mabhouh = Harmful man, amoral man. A team murdered him. Chaos in Dubai...Shalom, boy! The singer Andrea Bocelli = Gee, so I real blind chanter! = I real blind chanter. Go, see. Singer Alison Moyet = I'm any genre soloist Singing can rebuild the damaged brain = Chant, use rigid madrigal and be benign! Popsicle = Ice plops Paramedic = Apace, I'm Dr President Akio Toyoda = i.e. Park, son, Toyota died = Disdain or keep Toyota? = Toyota in dark episode Toyota Motor Corp President = End to car's promoter too. Pity. Some electrons, protons and neutrons = Represent control on atom soundness Boneyard = Body near = Bay or end? Country music group 'Lady Antebellum' = Young play demotic, cultural numbers The Costa Rica vacation = Can visit to cacao-earth The Eighty Second Academy Awards = They mediated, changed Oscar ways Female's reproductive system = Cultivates my free sperm dose The number representing the ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle = Remember crucial rate, interchange's term, coefficient Pi -- three dot one four Mary Isabel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien known as Dusty Springfield = British woman-singer. Spriest talent been frankly adored by audience The former American President Ronald Wilson Reagan = Transposed from cinema to engineer near, hard, ill war Mister Carlos Slim Helu = I, richest male, roll sums Find amazing deals on top vacations = Facing a dozen valid stations on map The 'Alice in Wonderland' story = A child enters inane toy-world = or Teeny child at insane world The kleptomaniacs = Pinch to make steal Kleptomaniacs = Pick, steal, moan A French Revolution = France, violent hour The Great Wall of China = Ah, watch at long relief! Great City of London = Only detraction - fog The Russian Revolution = Lenin, he's tutor & saviour Message = Gee, a SMS! The Nuclear talks = All nuke-chatters = Call - 'Nuke's threat!' = All rest chat 'nuke' The Icelandic largest volcano = Tectonic ash covering all dale NASA faked the moon landings = Fans asked to hang on damn lie = Hang on to damn lies and fakes The video game industry = Media diverts The Young Video game industry = Toy's a drug - 'Dive in me! The Children of Israel = Search The Lord in life = I, Teacher, Lord in flesh = Re: Lord left HIS in each = Hi, Lord's eternal chief! All skin types body lotion = Sold by silky potential, no? The Prime Ministerial Debates = Theme: Elite Brits spar in media Goldman Sachs Group = Scrap hoodlums gang! Good atheist = O, God hates it! The Good Samaritan = Oh, great aids to man! = O, it a God's earthman! Good Samaritan = To air a God's man The International Journal of Obesity = Learn to abolish routine fat 'n' enjoy it Veronica Siwik-Daniels = Sin a sin. I a wicked lover The paterfamilias = It is male, pa, father = I spelt - I am a father Dzhanet Abdurakhmanova = Bad knave, hazard to human The Sword of Damocles = Shadow reflects doom The Sherwood forest = Few trees host R. Hood Sherwood = We R. Hoods Separation of Church and State = So, hence faith and courts apart Sir Isaac's Newton apple tree = One scientist prepares a law = A scientist seen a proper law = A precise law's presentation 'That sounds good to me' [British song in Eurovision songs contest] = Smooth, outdated song = That song so outmoded = Oh, most outdated song! A normal G-spot = Plan to orgasm A concord = On accord The CEO of British Petroleum Tony Hayward = Unworthy; hefty oil spot bothered America [driver] Danica Sue Patrick = Pick a car and use it What is the square root of hundred? = Huh, is adequate for short word - TEN! Brooklyn = Look NY br. [br.: bridge] The Otis Elevator Company = Can help move it to a storey The Royal Shakespeare Company = Hope to see rare play & many hacks The nuclear holocaust = Count chaos, a true Hell The cyanide poisoning = Hi, nice sip to end agony! = Hey, poignant decision! = Hygienic end as option The cyanide = They can die = Nice death? Y? 'Romeo and Juliet' story = Read to motley juniors 'God bless America' = So sad - beg miracle Actress Elizabeth Taylor = Eyes-blaze. Total, rich star = Christ, eyes-blaze! To altar! [had many husbands] The surrealist Salvador Dali = Shares 'visual riddle' art a lot 'Repuglicans' = Pigs can rule Eleven hours and five minutes = Isner v Mahut use 'EVEN' on field Oh, need hat ~ on the head! Eldrick Tont 'Tiger' Woods = OK, credit to golden wrist! Arlington National Cemetery = One can integrate in army toll The Arlington National Cemetery = All gone hero; an interment at city The tennis player Tomas Berdych = My, Nadal's best there! Nice trophy! Cholesterol = O, he rots cell! 'Romeo and Juliet' play = All enjoy prude 'Ti amo!' Robert James Fischer = I, brat from chess, jeer EMINEM's album 'Recovery' = My more venerable music The World Cup Finals ~ has plentiful crowd Santiago Solari = O, I a star in goals! The sculptor Auguste Rodin = O, producing result - statue! Caryn Elaine Johnson (Whoopi Goldberg) = Oh, girl alone can bring deep joy on show! Humphrey Bogart = Bah, Mr. Rough Type! Maria Magdalene Dietrich = I, emigrant, made a rich deal The Tropical Storm Bonnie = Not norm, it's peril to beach Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar = Rare human handles stick The Bram Stoker's gothic novel 'Dracula' = Lug-charmer attacks others' blood-vein Mahatma Gandhi = A man had a might The politician Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi = A thin chap, India-man, had chaste and grim look Tyson Gay stuns world-record holder Usain Bolt = Oh, actually, odd boy is world's strongest runner! Peace won't come soon to Middle East = We (Semites) concede to 'A plan to doom' Congeals = So, can gel Ritalin tablets = Brat still eatin' Eggs from Iowa farms could come to a table near you = Omelet food-bug's long way from America to a saucer Top Gear' with host Jeremy Clarkson = Joker at the glimpse on worthy cars Political memoirs = Topic - immoral lies Congenial = Angelic, no? = Nice gal, no? A lottery of Mega Millions = A lot of money, still mirage The urine sample = Human pees liter 'Decision Points' by George W. Bush = Tipsy one describing W. House-bog = W. House President is big con, bogy = Describing bogey-post in W. House = Despot-bogey scribing in W. House = Bogy begins W. House description = W. House Pres. Bio: boggy incidents = Not big, dysgenic W. House Pres. Bio = Icy, ebbing, sot Pres. doing W. House Netanyahu: Agreement possible within year = Unison-time is here, elegant pathway nearby An hermaphrodite = Hinted - her ma or pa = Mother 'n' pa, I heard = Or Hid there ma 'n' pa The 'Monty Python's Flying Circus' = Snotty, funny, sprightly, comic, eh? Lipogrammatic sentences = Means: comic gap in letters Tropical Storm Matthew = The worst, mortal impact Diego Tristan = Giant steroid L. Apotheker = Take HP role = OK, relate HP! = Leo - HP taker = Trek a HP, Leo!" An evil-minded = Devil DNA in me = I manned devil = Named in devil ~ and devil in me California leaders agree on budget = Arnold and Co. tie agreeable figures The wind farms = Men wish draft Samsung telephones = Huge panels note SMS Manic Street Preachers = Parenthetic screamers = Creeps scream in the 'art' Nepotism = Mine tops = Mine's top Robert Edwards = Bred to rewards Robert G. Edwards = Bred, got rewards She never satisfied = Has five/ten desires Armoury = Our army The film 'Last Tango in Paris' = Fate, thrill, mating, passion Last Tango in Paris = A pair lost in angst = Stars in plot again The self-driving car = First grand vehicle? Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan = It's a major remake in Nippon senate = Major mistake in Nippon senate era The archipelago = Oh, pelagic earth! A sycophant = O, nasty chap! Stage IV cancer = Accent is 'Grave' The attorneys = Honest treaty Demi Lovato = Maid to love The crematorium = Time to char & mure Show host Piers Morgan = Shoots his new program A protesting = Anger: 'Stop it!' The abortion = Hi, bear no tot! = Botheration The sailor = Soil! Earth! = Rah! to isle = Lo, is earth! The fashion model Hyoni Kang = Ah my, she hot and fine looking! Chilean miner Edison Pena = Nice man deep in soil. He ran Diana, the Princess of Wales = In past, Charles' one sad wife A Personal Computer = Mac or Apple? Not sure Taylor Swift = First to yawl The launch of a nuclear missile = Uranium cancels life, eh? So, halt! All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree (Einstein) = See, Lord an engineer of all the necessaries & each brain. (Smart scientist) British couple finally freed from Somali pirates = Pitifully, it is release of Chandlers pair from mob The airport screeners = Hence, reap terrorists = Pester in terror chase The soprano prodigy Jackie Evancho = Enjoy hot voice, cap her - kid's paragon! Ireland bailout fails to calm nervy Spain and Portugal = An actual Erin's fault - very appalling Madrid (Lisbon too) The WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange = Judas white analogue? I like frankness! Pharisaical = Chap is a liar The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark = Hero, man from play, detected father-king Ahamednijad = Me and a jihad President Ahmadinejad = I presented a damn jihad Medal of Honor = O, for homeland! Bankruptcies = Neat bucks r.i.p. = Pertain bucks Iran nuclear talks get under way = Take warnings naturally - reduce Die Antwoord = A new, odd trio [Australian trio] "The Social Network" = Owner likes to chat Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly = Ah, I a bully, outlaw, bad mad Arab! [suspected Stockholm suicide bomber] The world's oldest profession" = Words define hostess (trollop) Department of Homeland Security = Protect needy/haunted from Islam Isabelle Caro = Bale calories! Prying as ~ a spy ring Sistine Chapel = Hi, nice pastels! The rose diamond = Oh, admired stone! The dementia ~ ate thee mind The grave condition = Can invite her to God "'Welcome to the pleasure-dome!' = O-O, here we made lust complete! Niagara Falls in New York, United States = Features a lot waters, sinking any lad in More birds drop dead in US = Odd end, a morbid surprise Medal of Honor = Hero? Damn fool! Players LeBron James and Kobe Bryant = Or spry, dear men enjoy NBA basketball Innocency = None cynic Iran vows to bring Israel to justice over alleged murder of nuclear scientist = Terrible, cruel assassination! Give more loud, urgent trial for convicted Jews! "The Social Network" Dominates Golden Globes = O, looks well, good, best, the grandest in cinema! The antidepressant medicine = Inspect, treat men inside head The breast cancer = Er...can't bare chest The Australian Open females competition = i.e. Na Li, at finals, to meet one top, sure champ The Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak = Keeps denying riot in Arab state. Humph! Demonstrations in Cairo, Egypt = O, many incidents, top rage, riots! US Begins Evacuation Flights From Cairo = Thus Americans leaving focus of big riot President Hosni Mubarak = Riots punish and break me Deflorations = O, lad - first one! = Not for ladies! Silicone breast = Celebration, sis! = Is license to bra = So, nicest bra - lie?! Life on other planets = Let proof aliens, then! A 'Trident Splash' [chewing gum] = Let's snap it hard! Metropolitan Opera stage = Get, meet soprano-alto pair The Spartans military education = I'm stoical student, I parry Athena Juxtaposition = Up to joint axis Michelangelo Buonarroti's "Creation of Adam" = O, God touches 'mire-born' man to a fair alliance! = Ah, mere Italian fresco in color about man & God Fashion models = Fool maids & hens = Do some flashin' Monotheism = ONE, Him most The promiscuity = i.e. (sic) Try to hump The serial monogamist = Noisome, straight male = To smash one girl a time = At most, he aims one girl = Aims one gal (short time) Beautiful engagement ring = Great blue genuine gift, man! Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies [Aristotle] = But wife is spiritless, emotionless obligation... good vocal, no head Slave trader = Sad traveler Israel is an island of the democracy = Holy Land is a main force, sacred site = Holy Land nice, sacred site from Asia Apophis Asteroid = Ooh, it disappears! Our marvelous Planet Earth = Pure love, as natural mother = Mother, a supernatural love Obama's second year = May score as bad one Teenage girl collapses and dies after first kiss = Registered fatal necking for lass. It displeases. Solution for everything = History: Not gunfire - LOVE! Los Angeles 'Clippers' forward Blake Griffin = Offers NBA life, grace, lip, power, grand skills Egypt echoes across region: Iran, Bahrain, Yemen = Arabs seethe, copy Cairo's harmony-engineering 'They Might Be Giants' = Sing the mighty beat 'Sacramento 'Kings' player Omri Casspi [first Israeli in NBA]= Israeli sportsman picks racy game, no? Middle East protests = Old states distemper A slot machine = Ah, metal coins! Just in time = JIT (minutes) The wrongly imprisoned man = My, got drawn in irons!..Help me! 'Belly Fat Free' [diet book] = Be flat, freely! Russian Roulette = O, result ain't sure! Arab world unrest = Darn troubles, war! Space shuttle Discovery's last launch = NASA cuts the travel ship's loud cycle Actress Natalie Portman = Name Oscar in latest part The adversary = Very sad hater Contraction is ~ a constriction The architect Antoni Gaudi = A neat church got initiated Pedophiles = Pope-shield The priests-pedophiles = Pope shields their step Kilometers = Trek 'o miles The Port of Marseilles = Temple for the sailors? Master in Business = In best US seminars The oil prices = Politics here Japan's death toll = A planet had jolts Antonio Banderas = O, one star in a band! The Michelin stars = Hints richest meal Fukushima nuclear plant = Fk up, hurt all Asian men! Minister Ya'alon = Israel, my nation = National misery Obama declares himself candidate for re-election = Fatherland, once more! Democratic lead is feasible! The whodunit = Who hunted it? Whodunit = Wound, hit ... The synagogues = Gen: Goys hate us What Every Man Thinks About Apart From Sex [book without any text inside] = Man hankers but for sex (improve at that way) = No text (Ah, rakish empty wet man favours bar!) Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss = Twins: Conversely, 'No deal, Mark!" Is the president of the Czech Republic a pen stealer? = Therefore, citizens (the public) peep leader's snatch The battle for Libya = Be ally of that tribe = Ah, battle of liberty! Staphylococcus aureus = A cuss at you...Help! Succor! Liberty alliance = Call entire Libya! Rockabilly style = Best; lyrically OK Deadly tornadoes = O, destroyed a land! 'Hold It Against Me'" = Let a hot maid sing! = Lad, I'm hot! (teasing) The official royal wedding list = Rigidly follow it, find each seat The Royal Couple: Prince William and Kate Middleton = Two, tumidly married, like place in the London palace Death of bin Laden = End of a blind hate US forces killed Osama bin Laden = Skillful Americans; one s.o.b. dead Real pundit = Prudential The monosodium glutamate = Oh, go mum, don't use it at meal! Sarah Burton, the royal wedding dress designer = Gown's author dressed a bride in her grand style A literary pseudonym = Dispel your arty name = I.e. arty/proud/sly name A prostate = Arse at top Model Elisabetta Canalis = So, belle Italian dame acts A precious metal = Some Au particle = Prime Au (etc. also) The married couple Rose Pollard and Forrest Lunsway = Amour for teens: such old pair, really old partners wed The sectarian = Heart in caste Osama Bin Laden = Bold man in a sea The Spain, Barcelona = Catalonians b.p. here Real actors = Oscar, later The 'Cold Meat Industry' = Dealt hot, trendy music 'Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides' = Picaroons fantasies 'grab' better in three D Wet dream = Drew mate Bernardo Bertolucci 'Ultimo tango a Parigi' = Plot: Brando - coital guru, Maria - erotic being The politician = I in plot, I cheat = O, I pathetic nil! Nickname of Paris - The City of Lights = O, is French capital sky of nighttime! Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni = I on huge oil-color icons, I'm David in marble too Martin Scorsese = So, it's a Mr. Screen! Harold Egbert Camping = The glam END or big crap? Eric Patrick Clapton = It a clip, park concert... = I clip concert at park Angela Dorothea Merkel = Took real German lead, eh = O, OK! The real German lead! Sean Kingston [fat singer] = One 'tank' sings Diplomatic relations = O damn, it's realpolitic! Michael Sylvester Stallone = Let's call sly Vietnam heroes! = Call 'sly-steel' Vietnam's hero = Style? Shall master violence! = The cinema star, sells lovely = He's levelly-lost cinema star Don Corleone = No one colder Vito Corleone = Root violence = O, violent core! Minerals = Real Si, Mn... Tornadoes = No rest, ado Endeavour ends final mission with the smooth landing = So, main shuttle now home and finished in doing travels The nuclear power = New help - U-reactor Peter Iroga of the Solomon Islands [biggest feet in the world] = Oh, go on, pal airs solid monster feet! A sculpture = Sure cut, pal = Real cuts up Sting And The Police = Apt, nice, golden hits = Poetic England hits = Top in his elegant CD Israeli government = A revenger, no limits The Israeli government = Ah, stern violent regime! Monster Arizona wildfire threatens line of mountain towns = Ministrations time now - all zone was under threat of inferno Claude Monet's series of 'Water Lilies' = Delicate flowers lie on stream issue = U see master's delicate flowers in oil He slept with her and her, and her = Ha! The shrewd philanderer, then The 'Gay Girl in Damascus' = Such damaging, stray lie The first total lunar eclipse of the year = Earth truly tips on face of her satellite Very nice solo album = Music by lover, alone Afghanistan troop drawdown = Adopt 'No war!' and 'No war fights!' 'Saturday Night Fever' - the original movie sound-track = Younger kid Travolta, him dancing over feature's hits Deforestation = Toasted on fire? = O, fit on a desert! Ben-Gurion = One big run Hotel California = O, a nice hit for all! = One fair local hit Ratko Mladic = I'm a dark clot = Dark-aim clot A Freedom Flotilla = More aid of all Left 'I need a dollar' [song] = Deal dire loan Search for tequila = Chase after liquor Inheritance = Ancient heir The penalties = Settle pain, eh = Let's pain thee Bethanie Lynn Mattek-Sands = The bland Yanks tennis team = Ken, had many tennis battles = Talent; makes tennis by hand Trabajo = Art? A job! 'Electric Light Orchestra' band = All graced the British concert = Recall big-hits-thread concert? = Call gathered British concert 'Don't Leave Me This Way' = My love awaits the end? 'Hold It Against Me' = It's gal-made-hit, no? Peter Falk as Columbo = O, masterful bleak cop! = Famous Lt. (bleaker cop) Volcano Erupts in the Central Indonesia = i.e. Cone-center spits hot lava on land. I run Is western democracy alive in Egypt? = Cairo new system angrily deceptive Turkey insists on apology to normalize Israel ties = i.e. Zion must tell, noisily, to Ankara 'Sorry', stop siege Village People, 'In the navy' = Appealing, even lovely, hit 'You Can't Stop the Music' = You must set phonic act 'Waterloo' by the Swedish group Abba = Two babes & boys reap huge old war hit 'Kings of Leon' [one family rock band] = One-folk sing The National Basketball Association = Aha, attention, it a 'All-Black obsession'! Hot weather = The heat-row The Mubarak's trial = Air the brutal mask! True economic recovery = i.e. To overcome currency Pavonine = Vain, open Singer Andrea Bocelli = Recognise a real blind Arnold George Dorsey alias Engelbert Humperdinck = Good old singer. Legend, put - shiny remarkable career Enrique Iglesias = I a sequel-singer, I Enrique Miguel Iglesias Preysler = I sing regularly (I prime sequel, see) The Biblical inspirations = Rabbi's lithe lips in action The Metropolitan Police Service = Teach people: Violent riots - crime! Cholera Outbreaks Spread Across Somalia = Disease hurts a poor black-color mass area The hurricane Irene = Her ire can ruin thee 'Time to say goodbye' = Today? O, time goes by! 'The Gulag Archipelago' = A huge tragic gaol. Help! = Huge gaol; graphic tale Emasculation = Cut one salami The McDonald's restaurant = Dr.: A stunned stomach alert! = Such rotten, standard meal Sarah Louise Heath Palin = Hail, hail eh? Not a USA Pres.! A TV show 'Wheel of Fortune' = Wow, have lots of fun there! You don't belong here = End trouble, honey. Go! Asteroid to narrowly miss Earth = A disaster nearly hits tomorrow Israeli Navy Boards Boats Bound for Gaza = No doubt, Zion ably ravages aids for Arabs The actor Laurence Olivier = Occur in a live theatre role Coldplay 'Paradise' = i.e. Lads do play crap British Monarchy = Ah, my rich Britons! = My, this baron rich! The Global Positioning System = Lost? Sighing? Listen to map & obey! Gilad Shalit is free = He's glad, fit Israeli Tropical islands = All is in postcard = Local spirit, sand... The tropical islands archipelago = Nice, hot hot girls! Paradisal place! Sperm donation = One imports DNA Georgios Papandreou = Europe-gang aids poor Bill and Hillary Clinton = I call it Horny 'n' All Blind Teenagers' faces = Age festers acne A see-through lingerie = Oh, agree, nighties lure! A bull in a china shop = Ouch! Pain in balls! Ah! Miss Angola Leila Lopes = O, a gal pleases millions! 'No games, no politics, no delays' = As one slogan: 'Once, simply do it!' The E-coli outbreak = Trouble: I eat, choke... A lonely housewife = Uh, fellow, I easy one! The "God Particle" mystery = Get my secret? Ah, pity! (Lord) The Facebook fans = Batch of fake ones Tens of thousands of protesters pressure Putin = These students offer no support to Russian Pres. The George Lucas Star Wars movies ~ Came with several gorgeous stars Iran court sentences American to death = Tehran to a decent man: 'Our secrets in CIA?' The most beautiful girl = To us - right-built female Italy cruise ship 'Costa Concordia' = Chaos, corpses, a loud cry. Titanic II? Reverse play = Verse replay Recipes = Re: spice Egyptian court continues trial of Mubarak = Prosecution back in to maul a tyrant figure Gloria Marie Steinem [feminist] = i.e. Tie - girl or man SAME! = A tiresome girlie, man = To me, marriage is line = I'm same one irate girl Rick Santorum = Mr. Crank is out! Mr. Penis = Spermin' Bashar Assad = Has Arabs sad The Beatles "Yellow submarine" = My heart below blue silent sea Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (Mr. Bean) = A nitwit, bananas. Man so berserk, no? = See a born artist. I'm known bananas 'Sports Illustrated' = Loud starlets strip = Top stars. Still rude Whitney Houston, superstar of records, films, dies = A terse End of the Show. Loss for music industry. RIP Valentine Day card = Evidently a canard Tu Bishvat holiday [Jewish New Year of the Trees] = Hi, bush vital today! Ruined teeth 'n' canals? = The dental insurance! The poseur = Posture, eh The Obama's birth control policy = Catholics, abortion thy problem? An unemployment report = True, man, plenty poor men! 'War Horse' = Rare show! Hague fears Iran could start 'new Cold War' = Accuser: Tehran is awful, a danger to world Anthony Shadid, Reporter = That one had sorry end. RIP. "Disturbing" study finds nineteen percent of the teens drive after using marijuana = Every fifth junior uses drugs during ride?... Instant penitence and finest abatement! All you ever wanted = A new lady...true love! Egomania = O, me, again! The ladies' corsets = Let's aid sore chest Nuclear negotiations with Iran = No cure in isolating Tehran? Wait! A jowl = Lo, jaw! Nehru-Gandhi families = Indians rule. High fame The motion picture 'A Beautiful Mind' = O, impute it to deceitful human brain! The Encyclopedia Britannica will no longer be printed = Cannot print & charge. Will be replaced by online edition. Santorum = A nostrum Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean = Hi, fine Captain Cameron can reach it! Lofty = To fly Burma elections = Troubles came in = O, misrule can't be! [Bin Laden's wives] Kharia Hussain Sabir, Siham Sharif and Amal Ahmad Abdul Fateh = Ah, familiar shaikh Bin Laden had us (as surah) - Arab-faith madams! What happens after we die? = Safe pew with harp at Eden = Few rap, weep in that Hades The silicon breast = O, elite chests in bra! The brassiere = It's her bra, see Pleasures = Are pluses Egypt's Presidential Elections = No perils - settles peace, dignity President Barack Obama's administration = Americans in prostration. Bad, bad mistake! The Iran nuclear talks = Attack's near? Ruin, hell! Non-violence works = Reckon - love wins, no? Walt Disney's motion picture 'Mary Poppins' = I, prim polite nanny, support domestic ways The movie 'Wanderlust' = Theme: Tour, view lands Stallone in 'Rambo' movies = Violent man's role (I am s.o.b.) Truvada (Gilead Sciences Incorporated) = Ordered top vaccine against cruel AIDS 'The sound of silence' = Let end of such noise Walt Disney's movie Pinocchio = Wood-chips toy lives in cinema The Walt Disney's Pinocchio = This chap - tiny wooden slice Yad Vashem holocaust memorial = Huh, local aim to save sad memory The National Weight-Loss Plan = Thin/lean - no' pigs', total 'whales' President-elect Francois Hollande = France dispelled rotten Nicolas, eh Obstetrician = I notice brats Path of least resistance = Easiest plan for the acts Planet Bollywood = One lowly, bad plot "Diapers and politicians should be changed often -- both for the same reason." = No sham - shit is shit! Unappealing fecal odor, bad scent, and therefore booed. Stupefaction = Inept at focus Singer Joshua Ledet = Judge: "This one's REAL! Dancing with the stars = Scan the hard twisting 'Madame Bovary' = O, very 'bad mama'! Saturday Night Live = Arty laugh inside TV = Try a laugh inside TV Done! = O, end!	i don't know
On which motorway could you visit Kinross Services	Kinross Services M90 - Motorway Services Information Kinross Services M90 Other ratings from visitors to the site Truckers Type: Single site, used by traffic in both directions Operator: Moto Eat-In Food: Costa, Burger King Takeaway Food / General: M&S Simply food Other Non-Food Shops: WH Smith Picnic Area: yes Children's Playground: Yes Cash Machines in main building: Yes (transaction charge applies) Parking Charges: Free for 2 hours, charges apply for longer stays. HGV with food voucher: £15 (without voucher: £13) - Car: £8 Motel: Travelodge	M90
Which underworld character's autobiography was entitled Odd Man Out	Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel (Scotland) - UPDATED 2016 Reviews - TripAdvisor Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel #4 of 6 Hotels in Kinross M90 Junction 6 \| Turfhills Tourist Centre, Kinross KY13 0NQ, Scotland Hotel amenities Trusted partner. We work with to make your booking as easy as possible. Secure payments. We use industry-leading practices to keep your information secure. Book on Enter dates for best prices powered by Ages of Children: change Please provide ages Child 1 Age or compare prices from up to 200 sites including: TripAdvisor members only. Login for exclusive access to hotel deals up to 40% off Login to get best prices 14 more photos Rooms & rates for Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel We're finding you the best rooms at the lowest prices from our partner. 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Start your review of Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel Click to rate “Alright for a travelodge” Reviewed 5 weeks ago I was here for one night whilst in Scotland although the room and the staff were very good the breakfast was such a let down neither myself or my work colleague bothered with it which was a shame because we both liked our rooms also being close to the motorway this hotel was also very convenient Report Helpful? Thank Eddie020173 TravelodgeUK, Remy from the Social Media Team at Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel, responded to this review Thank you for submitting your review. We're pleased you experienced very good staff members during your visit and you enjoyed your accommodation. Feedback is invaluable and a copy of your comments have been forwarded to the Hotel Manager. Thank you again for your review and we hope to see you again soon. lizyn2016 “Excellent value for money” Reviewed November 6, 2016 An excellent base for visiting the local area around Kinross, Stirling or Dundee. Facilities are a short walk from the lodge, and Kinross only a mile or so away. The room was very comfortable, staff very friendly. We enjoyed our stay here. Report Helpful? Thank lizyn2016 TravelodgeUK, Niki from The Social Media Team at Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel, responded to this review Thank you for your feedback. It’s great that you found the staff to be friendly during your stay and that your room was very clean and comfortable. We strive to provide a positive experience and are happy to see this was the case. Thank you again and we hope to see you soon. scorpian999 “clean and quiet” Reviewed November 4, 2016 The staff are friendly and it was clean and very quiet had very good night sleep i have stayed in a few travellodge's this ranks high and would stay there again with a supermarket just over the main road means can get food. outside m and s and burger king small and not cheap petrol station good 10p dearer than... More Helpful? Thank scorpian999 TravelodgeUK, Niki from The Social Media Team at Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel, responded to this review Thank you for your feedback. It’s great that you found the staff to be friendly during your stay and that you were happy with the location of the hotel. We strive to give customers an enjoyable stay and we are happy to see that this has been achieved. Thank you again and we hope to see you soon. More “Happy customer” Reviewed November 1, 2016 The staff were welcoming on arrival. The room was pretty much all I want in a hotel room. Simple, clean and tidy. The bed was as comfortable as you can expect when not your own and large. Shower was hot and powerful. Plenty of storage space for clothes etc.. TV was fine. As were Tea making facilities from what I... More Reviewed October 28, 2016 via mobile Reception staff were friendly but a mix up in how our booking was made to a while to clear up. Very comfortable night in clean sheets and lovely firm bed. Room and bathroom clean. There was an issue with the hot water in the bathroom...too hot that I scalded my foot on the tap. Reported this on way out. Travelodge... More Helpful? Thank Fraser_615 TravelodgeUK, Charlotte from The Social Media Team at Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel, responded to this review Thank you for sharing your recent review of our Kinross M90 Travelodge. We're pleased to hear that your room was clean, however we would like to apologise that you experienced a mix up during check in and found the pillows to not to your liking. We will be sure to pass your helpful comments to the hotel team to improve... More “Know what your getting” Reviewed October 27, 2016 Lady on reception was so welcoming and friendly. She clearly enjoyed her job and made such an effort with each and every customer. First class service. Rooms were clean, I find you always know what you are getting with travel lodge. Report “good place to stay” Reviewed October 25, 2016 this was very handy place for my stay, close to the motorway and convenient for the town,very clean and very friendly staff, very reasonably priced with tv and coffee and tea facilities in your room, would go back again to travelodge. Report “great location for exploring” Reviewed October 8, 2016 the Travelodge is right by the M90, so great for exploring the local areas. we had a ground floor room at the back of the hotel, we had no noise from the motorway, just from upstairs when they came in late. all the staff were friendly and would advise you to local pubs etc for food. plenty of tea and... More Helpful? Thank jencowper TravelodgeUK, Charlotte from The Social Media Team at Travelodge Kinross M90 Hotel, responded to this review We're so pleased to hear that our hotel team were friendly and attentive during your recent stay with us at our Kinross M90 Travelodge and we would like to thank you for sharing your positive experience with us. We're so happy to learn you had a great stay and we will be sure to pass your feedback onto the hotel... More	i don't know
Which English football team's mascot is called Stamford The Lion	Club Mascots - English Premier League Football - tribe.net Sun, January 2, 2005 - 12:49 PM Here is a complete list, to the best of my knowledge, of the Premiership mascots: Arsenal --> Gunnersaurus Rex Birmingham City --> Beau Brummie (pitbull) Blackburn Rovers --> Roar Lion Charlton Athletic --> Floyd & Harvey (dogs I think) Chelsea --> Stamford Lion Crystal Palace --> Alice & Pete The Eagle Everton --> Mr Toffee Fulham --> Terry Bytes (computer guy) Manchester City --> Moonchester (alien) Manchester United --> Fred The Red (I think he is a dog or devil) Middlesbrough --> Roary Lion Norwich City --> Captain & Camilla Canary Portsmouth --> Frogmore The Frog (new, was Nelson The Dog) Southampton --> Super Saint (dog) Tottenham Hotspur --> Chirpy Cockrell West Bromwich Albion --> Baggie Bird & Baggie Bird Jr Several of the team mascots have been made to leave the playing field on more than one occasion. I guess there have benn several mascots fights in recent history. Things like the opposing mascots head being pulled off and kicked into the crowd...LOL...that it too funny! cheers-	Chelsea
In cockney rhyming slang what are Chalfonts	Book now to meet mascots and take stadium tour \| News \| Official Site \| Chelsea Football Club Book now to meet mascots and take stadium tour Book now to meet mascots and take stadium tour News Wed 21 Aug 2013 On Friday 30 August, supporters will have an opportunity to meet both Stamford the Lion and his new companion Bridget the Lioness at Stamford Bridge. We're offering our junior fans the opportunity to meet the mascots and enjoy a FREE behind-the-scenes tour of the stadium! Supporters will also be given an opportunity to have your photo taken with the Champions League and Europa League trophies (free to season ticket holders and members), as well as enjoying a whole host of entertaining activities, including getting your face painted and taking part in sessions with coaches from the Chelsea Foundation. While Stamford and Bridget will be on-hand to entertain visitors outside the West Stand between 10am and 2pm, we'd recommend that you book your FREE stadium tour in advance to avoid disappointment. You can pre-book your FREE stadium tour here, quote 'SUPER1' at check-out. PLEASE NOTE THIS OFFER DOES NOT INCLUDE THE STAMFORD THE LION TOUR AT 12.30. We look forward to seeing you at Stamford Bridge on 30 August. Terms and conditions: free tour is available to Under-16s with a full paying adult. One paying adult can bring up to three free children. Not to be used in conjunction with any other offer/promotion. The museum will close at 6pm with last entry at 5pm. Share this article	i don't know
In which country can porcupines be found living in the wild in Europe	Porcupine - ZooBorns Porcupine The El Paso Zoo welcomed a new baby into their South American Pavilion exhibit. A Prehensile-tailed Porcupine was born on September 16 to mom, Flower, and dad, Vito. This is first offspring for the parents and the first baby Prehensile-tailed Porcupine born at the Zoo. El Paso Zoo keepers are waiting to name the baby porcupine (or porcupette) as soon as the sex is determined in a few weeks. “Animal care staff were excited getting ready for the first Prehensile-tailed Porcupine birth at the Zoo since they confirmed the pregnancy,” said Collections Supervisor, Tammy Sundquist. “It’s always a joy getting to watch a baby grow and the animal care staff is monitoring Flower and baby closely.” Flower and her baby are bonding behind the scenes and will be on exhibit next month. Photo Credits: El Paso Zoo The Prehensile-tailed Porcupines (Coendou prehensilis) are native to Central and South America. They are closely related to the other Neotropical tree porcupines (genera Echinoprocta and Sphiggurus). Among their most notable features is the prehensile tail. The front and hind feet are also modified for grasping. These limbs all contribute to making this species an adept climber, an adaptation to living most of their lives in trees. Prehensile-tailed Porcupines fee on leaves, shoots, fruits, bark, roots, and buds. Because of their dietary preferences, they can be pests of plantation crops. They make a distinctive "baby-like" sound to communicate in the wild. Very little is known about how these porcupines court each other, and they also have no regular breeding season. A female usually gives birth to a single offspring. The baby is hairy, reddish-orange, and weighs about 14 ounces at birth. They are born with eyes open and can climb almost immediately. The spines will harden within about one week of birth, and in time, the baby porcupine will change color. Females nurse their young until about 3 months of age. The young will reach adult size in less than a year and will reach sexual maturity in less than two years. Adults are slow moving and will roll into a ball when threatened on the ground. The record longevity is 27 years old. This birth is part of a breeding recommendation from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Species Survival Plan® (SSP) to aid in the species’ conservation. Prehensile Tailed Porcupines are not listed as threatened or endangered, but they are pressured by habitat loss and killed in parts of their range by hunters. June 14, 2016 A North American Porcupine was born April 24 at WCS’s ( Wildlife Conservation Society ) Bronx Zoo and is now on exhibit with his family in the newly renovated Children’s Zoo. The male porcupette was born to mother, Alice, and father, Patrick, and this is the pair’s fourth offspring. Photo Credits: Julie Larsen Maher/WCS’s Bronx Zoo The North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), also known as the Canadian Porcupine or Common Porcupine, is a large rodent in the New World Porcupine family. The beaver is the only rodent in North America that is larger than the North American Porcupine. The Porcupine’s most recognizable physical characteristic is its spiky quills. They can have as many as 30,000 quills covering their bodies and use them as a defense against predators. Despite popular belief, Porcupines cannot shoot their quills. The quills of the North American Porcupine have a tiny barb on the tip that, when hooked in flesh, pull the quill from the Porcupine’s skin and painfully imbed it in a predator’s face, paws or body. Gestation lasts for 202 days. Porcupines give birth to a single young. At birth, they weigh about 450 g, which increases to nearly 1 kg after the first two weeks. They do not gain full adult weight until about two years old. At birth, the quills are very soft. They begin to harden a few hours after birth and continue to harden and grow as the baby matures. Female Porcupines provide all the maternal care. For the first two weeks, the young rely on their mother for sustenance. After this, they learn to climb trees and start to forage. They continue to nurse for up to four months, which coincides with the fall mating season. They stay close to their mothers. The North American Porcupine is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. It is common throughout its range, except in some U.S. states in the southeast part of its range. However, they are threatened by hunting and habitat loss. As of 1994, it was listed as an endangered species in Mexico. The Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park , in New York, is proud to announce the birth of a Prehensile-tailed Porcupine on March 17 to second-time parents Mattie and Zoey. In honor of its day of birth, St. Patrick’s Day, the porcupette has been named Clover! This birth is a major success for the Prehensile-tailed Porcupine’s Species Survival Plan. Mattie arrived at the Binghamton Zoo in November 2014, under recommendations from the SSP as a breeding candidate for Zoey. Mattie and Zoey successfully had Norwan on Father’s Day 2015 and now are caring for their newest addition. Photo Credits: Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park Each SSP carefully manages the breeding of a species to maintain a healthy and self-sustaining captive population that is both genetically diverse and demographically stable. The Binghamton Zoo is proud to be a contributor to the captive population and is eager to continue participating in the program. Zoo officials have been monitoring the progress of the porcupine and its parents. Weighing in at 410 grams, the baby has progressively gained weight since birth. The porcupine will not be sexed for several more weeks. Porcupines are not born with sharp or barbed quills. Instead, the quills are soft and bendable, gradually hardening in the first few days after birth. Their quills will reach maturity after ten weeks. They are dependent on mother for nutrition the first four weeks after birth, eventually foraging for other food sources and will then be completely weaned at 15 weeks. Prehensile-tailed Porcupines are found in South America. They feed on the bark of trees, buds, fruits, roots, stems, leaves, blossoms, seeds, and crops like corn and bananas. The new porcupine is currently on exhibit with parents, Zoey and Mattie, and sister Norwan-- in the New World Tropics building. Related articles On October 5, Smithsonian’s National Zoo welcomed its newest (and prickliest) baby: Charlotte, the Prehensile-tailed Porcupine! Photo Credit: Jen Zoon/Smithsonian’s National Zoo Whenever the zoo welcomes a baby animal, keepers work closely with veterinarians and nutrition staff to ensure newborns are healthy. For Charlotte, this meant regular weigh-ins to ensure that she was nursing and gaining weight. Vets gave her a clean bill of health during her first wellness exam, but then she began to lose weight. The animal care team determined that Charlotte was not able to nurse properly and was therefore not receiving enough milk. The zoo’s nutrition staff created a formula using a mixture of puppy milk replacer, exotic milk replacer, and egg whites, which resembled the composition of North American Porcupine milk. Once they were able to express milk from Charlotte’s mother, nutrition staff compared it to the formula to ensure Charlotte was getting the nutrition she needed. To manage Charlotte’s dietary and medical needs, zoo vets surgically inserted an esophagostomy tube and fed her formula every three hours, around the clock, for five days. The feeding tube was removed on November 11 because Charlotte was consistently eating all of her diet by mouth. Today, at 2.8 pounds, Charlotte is healthy and developing normally. Native to the forests of South America, Prehensile-tailed Porcupines feed on leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Their prehensile (grasping) tails are not covered in spines and help these animals climb about in trees. When threatened, these rodents curl into a ball, erecting their spines to appear larger and more intimidating. They cannot shoot their spines (nor can any Porcupine), but the spines are loosely attached and can become painfully embedded in an attacker. A North American Porcupine was born at Wildlife Conservation Society ’s Bronx Zoo ! The young male was born on July 28 to mother, Alice, and father, Patrick. This is the pair’s third offspring, and the family is currently on exhibit in the zoo’s newly renovated Children’s Zoo. Photo Credits: Julie Larsen Maher / WCS's Bronx Zoo The North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is a large rodent whose most recognizable physical characteristic are its spiky quills. They can have as many as 30,000 quills covering their bodies. The quills are modified hairs that are sharp, barbed hollow spines. They are used primarily for defense but also serve to insulate the body during winter. Despite popular belief, porcupines cannot shoot their quills, but when threatened, the porcupine contracts the muscles near the skin which causes the quills to stand up and out. The quills have a tiny barb on the tip that, when hooked in flesh, pull the quill from the porcupine’s skin and painfully imbed in the predators skin. Porcupines are herbivores and eat leaves, twigs, and green plants. In winter, they may also eat tree bark. Female porcupines are solitary, except during the fall breeding season. They have a long gestation period that lasts for 202 days and typically give birth to just one offspring. Baby porcupines (porcupette) weigh about 450 grams at birth. At birth, the quills are very soft but begin to harden a few hours after birth. The quills continue to harden and grow as the baby matures. July 02, 2015 The Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park , in New York, is proud to announce the arrival of a Prehensile-Tailed Porcupine. The porcupette was born on Father’s Day, June 21. Weighing in at 400 grams, the baby has progressively gained weight since birth. Once the sex is determined, a name will be announced. For now, the young porcupine is being monitored by zoo staff and is bonding with mom, Zoey, and dad, Mattie. Photo Credits: Binghamton Zoo The birth of this porcupine is a major success for the Prehensile-Tailed Porcupine’s Species Survival Plan. The father, Mattie, came to the Binghamton Zoo in November 2014, under recommendations from the SSP as a breeding candidate for Zoey. Each SSP carefully manages the breeding of a species to maintain a healthy and self-sustaining captive population that is both genetically diverse and demographically stable. Baby porcupines (also known as porcupettes) are not born with sharp or barbed quills. Instead, the porcupette’s quills are soft and bendable, gradually hardening in the first few days after birth. Their quills will reach maturity after 10 weeks. They are dependent on the mother for nutrition the first 4 weeks after birth, eventually foraging for other food sources. They are completely weaned at 15 weeks. These porcupines have a prehensile tail that allows them to grasp branches for balance. They also have long, curved claws that enable excellent climbing abilities. They spend most of their time in trees and will den in tree nests, rock crevices, brush, logs, and tangled tree roots. Prehensile-Tailed Porcupines are native to South America. They feed on the bark of trees, buds, fruits, roots, stems, leaves, blossoms, seeds, and crops like corn and bananas. At the zoo, the porcupines’ diet consists of yams, carrots, greens, and leaf eater biscuits. The porcupette is currently on exhibit with its parents, Zoey and Mattie, in the New World Tropics building. May 05, 2015 The Turtle Back Zoo , in West Orange, NJ has some exciting news to announce! Mommy Porcupine Becky has given birth to a baby Porcupine- otherwise known as a porcupette! Born on April 16, 2015 both mother and baby are now officially on exhibit, just in time for Mother's Day. Photo credits: 1 & 3 Jeff Stiefbold, 2 The Essex County Turtle Back Zoo While their Latin name technically means “quill pig,” Porcupines are actually rodents. These sharp dressed mammals are covered with soft hair as well as quills, which are really modified hairs that stand up when a Porcupine feels threatened. Not only does this make the Porcupine look larger, but it also delivers a prickly poke to a predator who gets too close. Sharp, strong teeth allow these herbivores to crack open nuts and eat barks, roots, fruits and leaves. There are about 12 different porcupine species, and they can be found in North, Central and South America; Southern Europe; Asia; and regions of Africa. Staten Island Zoo is home to a new African Crested Porcupette! Photo Credits: Staten Island Zoo The male was born in early January and was donated to Staten Island Zoo by the Bright’s Zoo, in Tennessee, on recommendation of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Species Survival Plan (SSP) Program. The new guy has been given the African name, ‘Bintu’, which means “precious/beautiful one”. The African Crested Porcupine is the largest rodent in Africa. It lives in hilly, rocky habitats in sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Italy. “Porcupine” comes from the Latin ‘porcus’ for pig and ‘spina’ for spine. The name was given based on their appearance, as porcupines are not related to pigs. Porcupines primarily eat roots, tubers, bark and fallen fruit. They are also known to eat cultivated root crops, and they are considered agricultural pests in some areas. Wild predators include owls, leopards, and pythons. The porcupine warns predators to retreat by stamping their feet, clicking teeth, growling or hissing, and raising their quills and vibrating them to produce a rattling sound. If the predator doesn't retreat, the porcupine will run backwards and ram their attacker with the quills. Scales on the quill tips lodge in the skin of the predators, much like a fishhook, and become difficult to remove. Crested Porcupines are terrestrial. They seldom climb trees, but they are able to swim. They are also nocturnal and monogamous. Porcupines prefer to reside, solitarily, among roots and rocks, and will often inhabit holes made by other animals. They reserve the use of burrows for larger family units. Female Crested Porcupines will, generally, have only one litter per year. After a gestation period of about 66 days, one or two well developed young will be born in a chamber within a family burrow. The young weigh about 1,000 grams (2.2 lbs), at birth. They will leave the den, under adult supervision, about one week, after birth. Crested Porcupines reach adult weight (13-27 kg or 29-60 lbs.) at one to two years of age, and they are often sexually mature just before then. They are currently classified as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List . More adorable pics, below the fold! On December 6, 2014, a Prehensile-Tailed Porcupine was born, on exhibit, at the Virginia Zoo. Photo Credits: Virginia Zoo / (Image 2: Meg Puckett) After several days of close observations, animal care and veterinary staff were not comfortable with the level of care that first-time mom,‘Cayenne’, was giving the youngster, so after much internal discussion as well as consultation from experts at the National Zoo , it was decided to remove the baby from the parents and hand-rear it. The baby is yet to be named and its sex is not physically able to be determined at this point. The birth of this unique animal illustrates the Virginia Zoo ’s breeding and conservation success. This birth is significant because it provides opportunities for Zoo staff and visitors to learn more about these unique animals and their role in our world. It also helps to maintain and support a healthy and self-sustaining population that is genetically diverse and demographically stable. Prehensile-Tailed Porcupines are native to Central and South America. They are closely related to other Neotropical tree porcupines. Aside from their unspined prehensile tails, their other notable features are: front and hind feet modified for grasping, enabling them to be adept climbers. October 31, 2014 Pumpkins are everywhere, this time of year! They make great pies, Jack-O-Lanterns, and pretty awesome enrichment toys for zoo animals. Happy Halloween from ZooBorns! Photo Credits: Tammy Spratt/ San Diego Zoo Safari Park (Image 1: African Lion Cub); Amiee Stubbs Photography (Image 2: "Charlie" the Porcupine at Nashville Zoo ); Lincoln Children's Zoo (Image 3: "Lincoln" the Red Panda); ZooAmerica (Image 4: "Rainier" the Mountain Lion); Zoo Vienna Schönbrunn (Image 5: Elephants); Sue Ogrocki (Images 6-Gorilla,7-Red River Hogs,10-Galapagos Tortoise at Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Gardens ); Minnesota Zoo (Image 8: Lynx); The Living Desert Zoo and Gardens (Image 9: Meerkats) More great pumpkin pics below the fold!	Italy
Who became Germany's first female chancellor	Porcupine \| Wiki \| Everipedia Common name Porcupines are rodents with a coat of sharp spines , or quills, that protect against predators. The term covers two families of animals, the Old World porcupines and New World porcupines . Both families belong to the Hystricognathi branch of the vast order Rodentia and display similar coats of quills, but they still are quite different and are not closely related. The Old World porcupines live in southern Europe , Asia (western [2] as well as southern), and most of Africa . They are large, terrestrial, and strictly nocturnal. In taxonomic terms, they form the family Hystricidae. The New World porcupines are indigenous to North America and northern South America. They live in wooded areas and can climb trees, where some species spend their entire lives. They are less strictly nocturnal than their Old World relatives, and generally smaller. In taxonomic terms, they form the family Erethizontidae. Porcupines are the third-largest of the rodents, behind the capybara and the beaver . Most porcupines are about 25–36 in (64–91 cm) long, with an 8–10 in (20–25 cm) long tail. Weighing 12–35 lb (5.4–15.9 kg), they are rounded, large, and slow. Porcupines occur in various shades of brown, gray, and white. Porcupines' spiny protection resembles that of the unrelated erinaceomorph hedgehogs and Australian spiny anteaters or monotreme echidnas . Etymology The name "porcupine" comes from Latin porcus pig + spina spine, quill, via Old Italian— Middle French — Middle English . [3] A regional American name for the animal is quill pig. [4] Similarly, the German name, Stachelschwein , means "thorn-swine". Evolution Fossils belonging to the Hystrix genus date back to the late Miocene of Africa. [5] Species Taxonomy A porcupine is any of 29 species of rodents belonging to the families Erethizontidae (genera: Coendou , Sphiggurus , Erethizon , Echinoprocta , and Chaetomys ) or Hystricidae (genera: Atherurus , Hystrix , and Trichys ). Porcupines vary in size considerably: Rothschild's porcupine of South America weighs less than a kilogram (2.2 lb); the crested porcupine found in Italy , Sicily , North Africa , and sub-Saharan Africa can grow to well over 27 kg (60 lb). The two families of porcupines are quite different, and although both belong to the Hystricognathi branch of the vast order Rodentia , they are not closely related. Old World compared to New World species The 11 Old World porcupines tend to be fairly big, and have spikes grouped in clusters. The two subfamilies of New World porcupines are mostly smaller (although the North American porcupine reaches about 85 cm or 33 in in length and 18 kg or 40 lb), have their quills attached singly rather than grouped in clusters, and are excellent climbers, spending much of their time in trees. The New World porcupines evolved their spines independently (through convergent evolution ) and are more closely related to several other families of rodents than they are to the Old World porcupines. Longevity Porcupines have a relatively high longevity and had held the record for being the longest-living rodent, with one individual living to 27 years, until the record was recently broken by a naked mole-rat living to 28 years. [7] Diet The North American porcupine is a herbivore ; it eats leaves, herbs, twigs, and green plants such as clover . In the winter, it may eat bark. It often climbs trees to find food. [8] The African porcupine is not a climber and forages on the ground. [8] It is mostly nocturnal , [9] but will sometimes forage for food in the day. Porcupines have become a pest in Kenya and are eaten as a delicacy. [10] Quills Porcupines' quills, or spines , take on various forms, depending on the species, but all are modified hairs coated with thick plates of keratin , and embedded in the skin musculature. Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) have quills embedded in clusters, whereas in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae), single quills are interspersed with bristles, underfur, and hair. Quills are released by contact or may drop out when the porcupine shakes its body. New quills grow to replace lost ones. It was long believed that porcupines had the ability to project their quills to a considerable distance at an enemy, but this has since been proven to be untrue. [2] [2] Uses In nature Porcupines are only occasionally eaten in Western culture , but are very popular in Southeast Asia , particularly Vietnam , where the prominent use of them as a food source has contributed to significant declines in their populations. [2] [2] [2] More commonly, their quills and guardhairs are used for traditional decorative clothing. For example, their guardhairs are used in the creation of the Native American "porky roach" headdress. The main quills may be dyed, and then applied in combination with thread to embellish leather accessories such as knife sheaths and leather bags. Lakota women would harvest the quills for quillwork by throwing a blanket over a porcupine and retrieving the quills it left stuck in the blanket. [2] Porcupine quills have recently inspired a new type of hypodermic needle. Due to backward-facing barbs on the quills, when used as needles, they are particularly good at two things – penetrating the skin and remaining in place. [2] The presence of barbs acting like anchors makes it more painful to remove a quill that has pierced the skin of predator. In politics In 2006, Kevin Breen created a political mascot, a porcupine similar to the animals that represent the two major political parties in the United States ; the Democratic Party donkey and the Republican elephant . The porcupine image is often used to represent the U.S. Libertarian party , and even used by some official state Libertarian parties. [2] Habitat Porcupines occupy a short range of habitats in tropical and temperate parts of Asia , Southern Europe , Africa , and North and South America . They live in forests and deserts, and on rocky outcrops and hillsides. Some New World porcupines live in trees, but Old World porcupines stay on the rocks. Porcupines can be found on rocky areas up to 3,700 m (12,100 ft) high. They are generally nocturnal but are occasionally active during daylight. Classification	i don't know
In what part of the world was the terrorist organisation EOKA active in the fifties	Cyprus History: British Period British Rule in Cyprus (1878-1960) Introduction British flag raised in Nicosia ... and administration of Cyprus passes from Ottomans to the British In 1878 the West returned when Britain took over Cyprus with the agreement of the Ottoman government. At first protectorate, the island was annexed by Britain on the outbreak of war with the Ottoman Empire in 1914, becoming a Crown Colony in 1925. One of the reasons for occupying Cyprus was to protect the Ottoman Sultan against Russia, but its more obvious, if unmentioned role, was defence of the Suez Canal, in which Britain had acquired an interest. Once Britain was established in Egypt, however, Cyprus was destined to continue remain a backwater and at best a reserve place d'armes until acquiring a greater degree of strategic importance in more recent years. At the time of its cession to Britain many doubted its value. This was especially so among those of liberal and philhellenic disposition in Britain, the latter seeing the main value of the acquisition lying in the possibility of handing it over to Greece. Others noted that it did not have harbours suitable for the navy. This doubt about its usefulness discouraged the British from making exceptional efforts to develop the island economically. Also Britain in the early years paid an annual surplus of revenue over expenditure to the Sultan, at least in theory. In fact it went to pay off European creditors of the Ottoman debt, a sleight of hand not to the liking of Cypriots. After 1914 matters improved; it has persuasively been argued that the British administrative record was more beneficial than many Cypriots and others assume. Managing fine balance between two communities The British faced two major political problems on the island. The first was to contain the desire for union with Greece (enosis), after it became clear to the Greek-Cypriots that it was not going to be granted. The second was the consequential problem of keeping the two communities in harmony once the Turkish-Cypriots began to respond to enosis by calling for partition as a defence against their being Hellenised, as they saw it. The Greek-Cypriots could easily claim that they had a strong case in history (if the distant past is to be arbitrer of the present) and they constituted between three quarters and three fifths of the population. During the First World War Britain actually offered to cede Cyprus to Greece if that country would fulfill treaty obligations to attack Bulgaria, but Greece declined. The Turkish-Cypriots were at first more anti-British than anti-Greek. They were deeply offended at a high-handed way the Cyprus government after the First World War abolished, or assumed control over, Turkish Islamic institutions, including the pious foundations (Evkaf) , schools and courts. Turkish-Cypriot resentment was also soon to be fired by the new nationalism of Atatï¿½rk's Turkey, even though Ataturk did not believe in promoting nationalism outside Turkey's post-war borders. This new Turkish nationalism alarmed the British, who clamped down on Turkish-Cypriot agitation, which occurred especially in the schools. By the 1950s, however, the British had begun to pay some attention to the dissatisfaction of the Turkish-Cypriot community, which by this time had formed the KATAK - Kibris Adasi Tï¿½rk Azinligi Kurumu (Association of the Turkish Minority of the Island of Cyprus). The first [nationalist] newspaper had appeared in 1940, but was relaunched as Halkin Sesi (The Voice of the People) by the first prominent Turkish-Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kï¿½ï¿½ï¿½k. (Still in circulation, the newspaper is a monument to his memory.) He also later formed the Kibris Tï¿½rk Milli Birlik Partisi (The Cyprus Turkish National Unity Party), later changed, in 1955, as a challenge to enosis, to Kibris Tï¿½rktï¿½r Partisi (`Cyprus is Turkish' Party). In the 1950s the Turkish-Cypriots sought to defend themselves against the Greek-Cypriot terrorist organisation EOKA by forming the Turk Mukavemet Teskilati (Turkish Resistance Organisation, TMT), though they mainly relied on British defence. A Turkish-Cypriot leader emerging to assist, and later to rival, Dr. Kï¿½ï¿½ï¿½k was a young London-trained lawyer, Rauf Raif Denktash (b. 1924). Resistance against the British rule In the Greek-Cypriot community the demand for enosis developed rapidly from the 1930s, a turning point being the Greek-Cypriot riots of 1931 and the burning down of Government House. Endeavours by the British to introduce constitutional government designed to develop some participation without leading to enosis failed, despite determined efforts to achieve some semblance of liberal and democratic government, notably by the post-war Labour Government in Britain. On the Greek side the British were helped to a degree in their desire to head off enosis by the international socialism of AKEL (The Reform Party of the Working People) which was influential in the large labour unions. For once communism was defeated in Greece, enosis became unattractive to the extreme left which now favoured Cypriot self-government. However, AKEL's advanced leftism was manna neither for colonial rulers, nor for the United States, whose interest in the region increased markedly after the Second World War. Led by Archbishop Makarios, the Greek-Cypriot demand for enosis emerged with new force in the 1950s, when Greece began to accord it support on the international scene. This attempt to win world support alerted Turkey and alarmed the Turkish-Cypriots. When international pressure did not suffice to make Britain respond as required, violence escalated with a terrorist campaign against the colonial power organised by EOKA (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston). Its leader, Colonel George Grivas, created and directed an effective campaign. Easily infiltrated by Greek-Cypriot sympathisers working for them in various ancillary tasks, the British security forces had to exert great efforts under Field Marshall Sir John Harding to bring terrorism under control. They were much more successful then is often recognised, though terrorism was not quite vanquished. Makarios was exiled, suspected of involvement in the EOKA campaign, but was released when EOKA, exhausted but still determined to fight, agreed to cease hostilities on the Archbishop's release free to return. Towards 'independence' In April 1957, in the new conditions made obvious by the Suez debacle, the British government accepted that `bases in Cyprus' were an acceptable alternative to `Cyprus as a base'. This produced a much more relaxed British attitude to the problem. It was now to be solved in conjunction with Greece and Turkey, the latter thoroughly alerted to the dangers of enosis to the Turkish community. Violence was renewed in Cyprus by EOKA, but it increasingly drew in the Turkish community when the new Governor Sir Hugh Foot 's plan (for unitary self-government) incited Turkish-Cypriot riots and produced a hostile response from the Turkish government. Violence between the two communities developed into a new and deadly feature of the situation. Dighenis Grivas, leader of the terrorist EOKA organisation In the few years that existed before the Zï¿½rich and London Agreements (1959 /1960) Greece tried again to win international recognition and support for the cause of enosis at the UN against a background of renewed and continuing EOKA violence directed against the British. It was to no avail. Eventually Greece had to recognise that Turkey was now a vitally interested party in the dispute. Grivas and EOKA also had to accept the changed situation. Makarios could see no way of excluding Turkey from participating in any solution. It was widely believed by the Greek-Cypriots that Britain had promoted the Turkish-Cypriot case, thus preventing the achievement of enosis.	Cyprus
Who played Sylvia Trench in the first two Bond films	The EOKA struggle: what was it all for? - Cyprus Mail Cyprus Mail The EOKA struggle: what was it all for? April 1st, 2015 EOKA fighters being released from prison in March 1959 after a general amnesty By George Koumoullis AS WE have done every year on this day, today we will celebrate the anniversary (60th) of the start of the EOKA struggle with triumphal events of ‘national elation’ and fiery patriotic speeches. Contextually, these speeches take me back to my school years when teachers taught labyrinthine and exhausting lessons with an emphasis on rote learning. Critical thought, questioning, evaluation and the development of a personal understanding were considered alien and of suspect origin and therefore rejected. The same, more or less, applies today with regard to the EOKA struggle. It is considered a big taboo for someone to claim, even by using rational arguments that Hellenism lost out from this struggle. This is why I would like to believe that I am addressing people that see the history of Cyprus not as a description of feats and ordeals but as a living source of lessons, and an opportunity to evaluate events. It constitutes a paradox to christen the struggle for union with Greece as a struggle for ‘liberation’. Greece with which we wanted to unite was run by fascist or dictatorial governments from 1936 to 1974 (with the possible exception of the 1963-‘65 period). If Enosis was achieved in 1950, when the Enosis referendum was held, a Cypriot would have been faced with unfortunate surprises. He would have immediately realised that in Greece there was no freedom of speech, thought, expression and action. He would have also realised that his name would have been entered in police files and if he wanted to become a public servant, an Olympic Airways pilot or a road-sweeper he was obliged to present a ‘suitable’ certificate of social/political beliefs. And he would have been deemed ineligible, as a ‘national traitor’, if he or a relative or a friend of his had left-wing beliefs. What would have devastated him would have been the realisation of the existence of a concentration camp – the notorious Makronisos which was the Greek version of Dachau, Auschwitz. There would also have been the nightmare that the Security Force (known as ‘asfalia’ and the equivalent of the SS in Nazi Germany) could knock on his door in the middle of the night in order to arrest him and throw him into Makronisos, where he would run the risk of dying from torture, starvation or thirst. So how could you see the Enosis movement as a liberation movement in such a context? Are the two notions not a lamentable contradiction which, in the absence of any objections, has been used ad nauseam by politicians, teachers and the media? One of the reasons that EOKA did not enjoy international support was this contradiction – that in the name of freedom it was demanding union with a tyrannical regime. There could not have been a worse timing for the struggle. Even a 16-year-old who learned about the decade of the 1950s in history O-level – not one with a PhD in history – could have told the then Greek Cypriot leadership that the British empire was collapsing and that by the end of the 20th century no British colonies would exist and therefore the armed struggle was unnecessary. Instead of fighting, it would have been wiser to have sat with our arms crossed, as other colonies had done e.g. Malta, Bahrain, Hong Kong. Even without the help of a 16-year-old student the leaderships of Greece and Cyprus should have captured the messages of the times. In 1945, for the first time in Britain’s history, the elections were won by the Labour Party, which was on the far left at the time and its ideology was incompatible with colonialism. During its time in government, from 1945 to 1951, it granted independence to India, Burma and Sri Lanka and declared that the gradual liberation of all British colonies was a matter of time. Two of the Labour Party’s leaders – Ernest Bevin and Herbert Morrison – continuously stressed that the existence of colonies was an ‘embarrassment’ for a left-wing party in government. Unfortunately for Cyprus, the Labour Party lost the elections in 1951 and stayed out of government for the next 13 years. The message of the Labour Party, however, was significant but we did not have mature leaders with the astuteness to evaluate it correctly so that we could gradually achieve real independence, without any blood being shed, as was the case with most other British colonies. Another big mistake committed by EOKA was the complete marginalisation of the Turkish Cypriots who made up 18.2 per cent of the population. The armed struggle was waged as if there were no Turkish Cypriots. However the Turkish Cypriot leadership had made it clear, on many occasions and long before 1955, that it would never consent to Cyprus being united with Greece. The Turkish Cypriot leaders were aware of the ethnic cleansing that took place in Crete and it was understandable they did not want the same to happen to Cyprus. When the Ottoman occupation of Crete ended in 1898, Cretan Turks constituted 31.4 per cent of the population. With the establishment of the autonomous Crete it started becoming clear that, sooner or later, union with Greece would become inevitable and this sparked a mass exodus from the island of Cretan Turks. This trend intensified after 1913, when union with Greece was realised. From 1912 to 1922 almost all the Cretan Turks sold off their properties and left Crete, fearing how they would be treated by the new rulers – the Christian Cretans. Completely ignoring the Turkish Cypriots and their fears, EOKA, on the one hand, strengthened the nationalism of the Turkish Cypriots and the radicalisation of their leadership and, on the other hand, gave Britain’s ruling Conservative Party the excuse to resort to divide and rule and play the partition card. In the end, what did EOKA achieve? A struggle should always be judged by its results and not its intentions. We all bow to the bravery and courage of our young men who gave up their lives for their ideals, but bravery per se does not necessarily fulfil the dreams of a country. In the case of the EOKA struggle, not only was there no Enosis, but we did not achieve proper independence either, becoming instead the protectorate of three other states, something that the Cyprus establishment conveniently ignores. George Koumoullis is an economist and social scientist Lessons from the parrot with one word 1FrancisofAssissi1 While I agree that EOKA could have obtained what they wanted and much more simply by folding their hands and waiting for decolonisation to take its course, can I correct you on one important matter. I also agree that losing the trust of the Turkish Cypriots was a huge blunder because the Turkish Cypriots have a different mentality to the Anatolian Turks and have far more in common with Greek Cypriots than mainland Turks. You say that Crete’s Muslim population was ethnically cleansed after the island freed itself from Ottoman Turkish occupation and eventually unified with Greece. In fact, a large number of Cretan Turks left as part of the mutually agreed though highly unpopular 1922 exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey. Far more Greek Christians left Turkey, leaving behind valuable farms and buildings built over thousands of years, than Turkish Muslims left Greece. A good result for Cyprus would be to rebuild trust between the two communities and return to a federal enosis based on mutual respect. Of course, the Turkish Cypriots will argue that they need guarantees for their security but this can be achieved. Turkey, of course, won’t like losing the only piece of territory it gained since the collapse of the Ottoman Turkish Muslim Caliphate, but it will be gaining a friend, a good neighbour and the possibility, should it still wish to do so, of entering the European Union (once it spreads the dividends of economic growth to south-eastern Turkey as well as the rest of the country). thebluehornett Conclusion, out of the frying pan into the fire. Bluestorm The author has conveniently forgotten to say that even today the British will not budge from Gibraltar. Britain gave many promises to Greece and Cypriots during the second world war when both countries joined the alliance against the Nazis. Those promises never materialised. The author also seems to have a mental bloc failing to mention that the secretary of state and colonies Henry Hopkinson most categorically said in reply to a relevant question that due to particular circumstances some territories including Cyprus could NEVER expect to gain full independence.That was in July 1954.This fuelled the desire for action from the impatient patriots,who regarded Hopkinsons NEVER as great provocation.Some would argue that EOKA’s initial harassment of the British army brought the British to the negotiating table. Nevertheless the author’s point of view cannot be totally dismissed. Hudswell Oh dear…and which history books have you been reading? Banjo Nothing , as it turns out. I bet they wish they hadn’t bothered. antonis/ac Maybe, if the Greek decision makers in Greece and Cyprus had the information that we have now. But with the information they had then, they had no other alternative. antonis/ac Greece and the Greek Cypriots tried very hard to avoid this war. Greece offered England four bases on Greek territory, including Crete and Cephalonia and military bases all over Cyprus in exchange for enosis. It was when Eden told Papagos that “Britain will never leave the island” that the decision for the arm struggle against the British was made. The British responded with what they knew best, “divide and rule.” The author mentioned Makronisos, but he did not say who was supporting the Greek regime that was sending people to that island and what was Great Britain’s role and involvement in Greece’s domestic politics. Definitely, this essay would have given Mr. Koumoullis an A for a college course at a British university. But an F in Greece and Cyprus. If he did study at a British university (and it appears he did), I am sure he did very well. Banjo The war was both unnecessary AND , as it turns out , pointless. But you can’t blame for trying , the British government of the time was truly diabolical . Hudswell Oh dear and which history books have you been reading… thebluehornett Good article, a bit of the true history of the continuing Cyprus problems, rather than propaganda. Hudswell Like Turkish Cypriots, Turkish Cretins were indigionus to Crete……not some invading force!! And left because of feared persecution…..not unlike that Turkish Cypriots experienced in Cyprus… Gerragrip Hoist the Hellas flags high me hearties! Be proud. It was the EOKA that got you into this shite and it was it’s “glorious” leader Grivas that came back and killed hundreds of your young men that you now list as “missing”. Yes hoist the EOKA flags high and polish the statues of EOKA. observer EOKA was not EOKA B, no matter how hard you try. Gerragrip Shut up fool. same leader same murderers. observer Sorry, I am not intimidated by your idiocy. Gerragrip aww…im disappointed, you’re not scared. observer Haha. Nope. Scottie Mccarthy ‘Shut up fool’? From the purple prose of your first comment to trying to impersonate Mr T from the A-Team in just a matter of minutes! Gerragrip I can but try. Who’s Mr. T? Scottie Mccarthy Lol.Google him, I actually like him, but he was famous for using the phrase ‘fool’ a lot. peemdubya Scottie, don’t worry, he’s just a knob-end gentlegiant161 Samson was in both and claimed to have shot the two women in the back.. try denying that. COYI Let’s look at India – Gandhi wasn’t looking to make Enosis with anyone – he had a group of people that were from all religious beliefs fighting for a common goal – when he saw enormous problems manifesting he was willing to make a council where the first PM would be Muslim and the council would be predominantly Muslim – to make sure his minority brothers did not feel they were being overpowered and yet he still could not keep the country together. Why? The Muslim will point to the atrocities the majority Hindus committed. The Hindus will point to the atrocities the Muslims carried out and the Brits will just sit back and say that’s what happens when you try and unite a country where two sets of people so different in religion reside. My gut feel is unfortunately with most people they would create a fight in an empty room with a chair if it they thought would be getting something out of it. observer And your point is? There is no Pakistan, and there was no forcible exchange of populations? COYI the point I am clumsily making is Gandhi made all the right choices and still it all ended like sh1t. Why? observer COYI oops fluffed it I replied to myself 🙁 I suppose my faith in a mass of people is very little – a person – yup fantastic, people? yikes they turn into muppets too readily. Lets pretend EOKA, Makarios, EOAK B, CIA all the good stuff always spoken about never happened – Greek and Turk fought side by side got independence; government was just and equal I have very little doubt in my mind that at some point a group of people would say “that’s mine” bing bash bosh – nothing to to do with religion; people mate – funny muppets that we are, never happy until we are having some aggro peemdubya COYI, not only did you reply to yourself, you then repeated yourself…….time for beddybies, I think COYI I suppose my faith in a mass of people is very little – a person – yup fantastic, people? yikes they turn into muppets too readily. Lets pretend EOKA, Makarios, EOAK B, CIA all the good stuff always spoken about never happened – Greek and Turk fought side by side got independence; government was just and equal I have very little doubt in my mind that at some point a group of people would say “that’s mine” bing bash bosh – nothing to to do with religion; people mate – funny muppets that we are, never happy until we are having some aggro Hudswell Whichever way you look at it, whichever “side” you are on..it was a terrible time, a terrible and senseless loss of innocent lives…and cast a stain on both sides…it pitted family against family and drove divisions that are,still felt today..and for what..basically ego…the egoistic ambitions of a small group who led idealistic young men for what?…something that was inevitable anyway… Independence..from the UK and Greece…and in doing so laid the foundations for the ethnic conflict in the 60’s and inevitably the invasion in 74. peemdubya And people from both sides will only see the hurt / pain etc inflicted by “the other side” – that will always be the root cause of Cyprus not moving forward. Kibristan In short: it was for self determination. But they assumed a little too much. If they had either convinced or even tricked the TCs at the time then they may have “got away” with it. However if they did it by tricking the TCs into it then it is difficult to imagine them being allowed to enjoy their new-found independence. So, in the end it appears they decided to just assume the TCs would not mind. The rest is history. arthurenglish Without entering the political arena of the issue it should be obvious to everyone that an identifiable group (or nation) of people are only happy to be governed by themselves. Even today we see a large proportion of Scots wishing to be independent of the United Kingdom. It would seem to be an in-built function of the human psyche. In my opinion if Britain at the time had proposed that Cyprus would become an off-shore part of the UK with absolute equal status including the National Health Service, public spending and all the other trappings of a wealthy nation it wouldn’t have made any difference. “Eλευθερία” is a state of mind. Scottie Mccarthy It got all the trappings of a wealthy nation without remaining part of the UK. It got them by itself, not coincidentally, after independence. arthurenglish I don’t know what the point of your reply is Scottie? Scottie Mccarthy You implied the only way GCs in the 1950s could have envisaged having the trappings of a wealthy nation is if Britain had offered this to them at the time. My point was to show that many GCs had a far grander vision: building a wealthy country on their own, with the attendant trappings. And this is a vision they succeeded in fulfilling. arthurenglish I’m afraid your comprehension skills have let you down Scottie. It is true that in 1960 Cyprus was (and remained so for the next ten years) a poor rural economy. Under such circumstances it would be reasonable to assume that an imagined offer, as in my original post, would have seemed attractive. But, of course, I don’t say that. What I did say, if you care to re-read it, is that such an imaginary offer would not have had any influence on the people’s desire for self rule. Yes, Cyprus did go on to build a wealthy country, mainly through tourism, but that doesn’t need to be said. Unfortunately, the recent past has shown how a heart ruling a head has unforeseen circumstances ! observer Scottie Mccarthy Don’t worry, I understood what you said – perhaps even better than you yourself. The attractiveness of such an offer would have depended on how far the GCs at the time felt themselves to be (in)capable of building a successful economy themselves. Clearly, they felt themselves fully capable of doing so. As for your snide remark that GC wealth has been built largely on tourism, all I can say is that there are different successful sectors to the GC economy, espescially for such a small country. As for your final sentence – well, I’m afraid my powers of comprehension do fail me there, and I honestly have no idea what your talking about. arthurenglish I have no desire to continue corresponding with an arrogant fool as you. Scottie Mccarthy It’s been a pleasure, peemdubya Arthur / Scottie, calm down, you both make some sensible comments, just don’t get riles when you don’t agree on everything – that is Cyprooos for you, live with it…. peemdubya They built a wealthy country but most of the wealth is “owned” (owed???) by the elite few…… Jenny Bahtimy Good for Nothing? Today is April Fools Day, Enjoy! Cydee Brilliant summary of a noteable piece of Cypriot history. Thank you Mr Koumoullis. Angelo Bayada All well and good Mr Koummoullis but you will note that the then Prime Minister of the UK did spell out, in black and white, that Cyprus will never be granted self- determination. observer If I recall well, a question posed in parliament was whether the government wanted Cyprus as a base, or a base in Cyprus. It was a foregone conclusion that the Brits would do anything, which they did, rather than grant the island self-determination. Their aim was to retain control. For which they enlisted the support of the Turks. Cypriot Whatever you think of EOKA, without them, we may still be under British oppressive colonial rule, and for that, I am thankful. Frustrated I think it’s unlikely that Cyprus would still be ruled by the British but I take your point. Numerous representations were made to the British government for self-determination but in each case they stalled with promises of jam tomorrow. So in a sense the EOKA campaign was inevitable. My maternal grandfather was a member of the Legislative Council between 1925 and 1931 and was involved in the ‘Octovriana’ of 1931 and was under house arrest for two years for his role. The British ignored this spontaneous uprising and Cypriots were excluded from any further decision-making. However, as I stated in my original comment, it was unlikely the TCs were going to accept the island being joined to Greece which, after all, was the raison d’etre of EOKA. The GC leadership failed to appreciate the ramifications and it was almost as if independence was second best with Makarios and others stating in their speeches that although ENOSIS had not been achieved, it was on hold and remained an aspiration. This allowed the TCs and Turkey to drive a coach and horses through this and the rest is history, as they say. A great many Cypriots are naively surprised by Britain’s role, and the West’s in general, in all these events. They refuse to comprehend and appreciate that Turkey’s ‘usefulness’ far outweighs that of the island. This in great part has been the tragedy of Cyprus as its leaders have signally failed to learn the lessons of history and that nations inevitably follow policies that suit their interests. Avi Until ISIS and/or the Turks start banging on the proverbial gates of Vienna again. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Oh yeah the Turks are almost there as we speak marching and clearly NATO nor any EU force stands no chance against ISIS. Its only space age technology vs. idiots with slippers hanging on the back of pickup trucks with machine guns, who have so far only managed to kill badly organised militia and unarmed civilians. Wooooo! mmMMmMMmMMMmm I sometimes wonder if it would have been worse than where we are now, or not… Angelo Bayada It would have been worse. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Yes for you maybe, judging it from the South I presume… Angelo Bayada Judging it from whether you’re happy to be assigned a ruler and not have any say in the running of your place. Judging it from being second class to someone 5 hours flght away. Judging it from the state of the roads as left and the roads built since. Frustrated Angelo and Mumm Champagne. I’d like to dive into your ‘conversation’, if I may, and put the following for consideration. On a personal level, I’ve always wanted to be master of my own destiny which I felt ever since I can remember. During my early working career, I worked for two mammoth organisations and although I was reasonably content, I knew that I could do it better AND gain my independence. Most of us don’t think the same and are happy enough to take what I consider to be the easy route. I was fortunate and generally speaking was successful. Most who go it alone are not. Having said that, there are many who fail, try again and ARE successful. If you transfer that to the Cypriot context, the islanders have for centuries been ’employees’ of big companies and have had to do as they’re told. Finally in 1960, they went off on their own. Unfortunately, for reasons that we’re well aware, the legacy of the original ‘entrepreneurs’, the EOKA fighters, has been screwed up by those who followed them. That doesn’t mean that the next lot won’t dust themselves down, start again and HOPEFULLY make a better job of it. In short, I’d rather live in a tent, MY tent, and make my own way instead of living in a palace with someone else breathing down my neck and telling me what to do. Scottie Mccarthy Cypriots don’t live in a tent. Unless, that is, you think Brits live in a tent too? Plasma Dawn Cypriots do live in a metaphorical tent compared to the UK when it comes to economy, resources, and proper governance. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Oh yeah, minus the global Empire. Sure, we are so like each other! Scottie Mccarthy Sorry, but how exactly is the average Cypriot worse off than the average Brit when it comes to economic well-being, living standards, and proper governance? Plasma Dawn Median wage: £2240 vs. €1411. Corruption index: 14 vs. 31. Human Development Index: 14 vs. 32. Should I go on? Should I also mention the title deeds national disgrace, the bureaucracy, the inefficiency, the corrupt and non-functioning justice system? observer I still remember seeing pictures of British account holders forming massive queues outside Northern Rock banks. Scottie Mccarthy Gdp per capita doesn’t take into account tax rates and wealth Unemployment rates capture a snapshot of time. You need to comprare unemployment rates over time for any comparison to be meaningful (but i offer you some advice: if you want to prove britain is better off in this department, then i wouldn’t if i were you). And I won’t even mention that britain’s unemployment rate is so low because of zero-hours contracts, no union rights etc. median wages don’t capture tax rate differences, inequalities (look at the gini coefficient for that) or the fact that larger countries often have higher wages due to being bigger markets. Median wages are higher in london than cumbria, for example, but so what? Corruption indexes measure perceptions of corruption not actual corruption (and on this note, many Britons think they have a perfectly working meritocracy, even though their elite are largely from public schools and Oxbridge). Cyprus scores lower in the HDI because many of its young people attend universities overseas. You can’t take stats at face value you know. Besides, if you think such a simple metric captures quality of life, well….. As for the rest of your points, these are just the usual fantasies and propaganda of the anti-gc brigade, to which I won’t bother responding. Plasma Dawn Dream on, Scottie, dream on… When it comes to the economy, resources, and proper governance, comparing Cyprus to the UK is a hopeless undertaking, no matter what explanations and excuses for the statistics you may come up with. You will have a much better chance to convince me and most of the commenters when it comes to weather and cuisine. But this is a never-ending discussion and I haven’t got all day – so live long and prosper in Cyprus and be happy knowing that you are in the best of all places. Scottie Mccarthy I see you’ve gone back to asserting rather than arguing. I wonder why? Plasma Dawn I just told you, I haven’t got all day. Roger and out! Scottie Mccarthy For someone who seems to spend every waking hour denigrating GCs, you suddenly have a lot on your plate. Maybe you’re exchanging ‘ideas’ with your new friend Mr English? Slomi Wrong place. Try a bar. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Funny that, because the TC’s also complained about the same “second class citizenship” status from back in the day and partially evident even today when one takes a stroll around the South… observer Something like Greek Cypriots taking a stroll around the north? mmMMmMMmMMMmm I did not know they do that. The very few who can ignore their pride and actually come here seems to do just fine. I have never seen anyone complain about GC’s running around in my part of the island. Nor anybody disrespect anyone.. observer Nor have I noticed any apprehension at all the retail outlets in the RoC visited by Tc’s. But hey, you started this nonsense. mmMMmMMmMMMmm No I did not. You claimed that GC’s feel as second class citizens when strolling around the North observer I claimed no such thing. mmMMmMMmMMMmm “Something like Greek Cypriots taking a stroll around the north?” Is what you said, I assume it was a poor attempt on a sarcastic remark… observer Perhaps someone else. I did not. Pwlambson Not so much second-class, but more like frustrated and angry that the northern part of their country is still being held by an occupying force that has set up an illegal state that no one else recognizes, on properties stolen from their familes at gunpoint… mmMMmMMmMMMmm Legality does not stop one from existing, as you can see… Guest Yes, just don’t linger too long at your family’s occupied home or property up there… Cypriot80 Exactly, I quite like it when I see them about town, shopping and the like. Cypriot Which day? I’m also not aware of any TC having difficulty strolling around Cyprus. Any actual situations to share or are you just using your smoke and mirrors again? Scottie Mccarthy More sour grapes i see… mmMMmMMmMMMmm Oh, I was not aware of that detail… thebluehornett By God you are smoking some strong stuff! Cypriot Perhaps you should read and educate yourself rather than believe that whatever anyone else says that you don’t know must be due to some sort of hallucination. Cypriot80 Pahaha. Rubbish. Cypriot So are you suggesting that both the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots were treated as second class citizens by the British? peemdubya C, times change and so do understandings – colonial rule went out with the Ark, so Cyprus would most probably have been a better place if they had just hung-on in there…. thebluehornett Agree, would have achieved independance without terrorism. Cypriot It wasn’t terrorism. We are the native people of this land and we fought for our independence. Only an oppressor would label it as terrorism. The true terrorists were those holding us hostage to their colonial rule in our own land – the British. peemdubya C, check the dictionary definition of “terrorism” then you may, just may, alter your view slightly – but I’m not holding my breath. Cypriot Describes the British colonial rule I’d say. Pwlambson I kinda doubt that; it was and still is such a geostrategic prize, from ancient times through the centuries to the modern era’s Cold War and today’s intractable Middle Eastern conflicts. Why do you think it is still the unwilling host to 40K Turkish troops and two sovereign British bases? Sitting as it does at the front of the Suez Canal and within such close range of Europe, Anatolia, Asia and Africa–not to mention (possiblly sizeable) hydrocarbon deposits in its EEZ–Cyprus is cursed by its geography to never be quite free of foreign interests, who still treat the island as a prize to be won. peemdubya If there were no foreign interests then Cyprus would be in an even worse state than it is today. Colonial rule stopped years ago, and there were clear signs in the 50s that the Empire etc was going to reduce over time, so my opinion is that Grivas / Makarios etc were so intent on Enosis that they forgot to find out (or ignored) what was going on elsewhere in the world and didn’t bother to analyse the potentials of the worldwide developments. My opinion, don’t take it as Gospel, please. Muffin the Mule The writer makes a valid point in terms of the effect the struggle that completely ignored the desires of a reasonably large minority. While it may have been noble and young brave Cypriots gave up their lives for it, it did at least serve or lead to an independent Republic of Cyprus. What screwed things later was a resurgence of the original aims via EOKA B and counter moves by TMT and those terrible years of 63-74. Argent And 74 to 2015. observer 63 was the result of the b***shit constitution that was imposed. TMT was endemic. EOKA B was the spawn of Greek colonels on the CIA payroll… At least the New York Times said they were. Argent Wondered how long it would be before some one else got the blame. observer OK. Let’s just settle for your smoke and mirrors. Argent Its not that “O” it seems that everything that is bad in Greece and Cyprus is always some one else’s fault, but anything good is down to them and no one else. observer Right. And the mess the British made in Cyprus was someone else’s fault. Argent We have been through this, but you have a fair point. Now tell me whose to blame for 1974 to 2015 ? man at C and A or captain Nobrock. Muffin the Mule It was an agreed constitution despite its perceived failings. Problem was the ruling government as from day one the 17th August 1960 still had one aim in mind. This encouraged the two nationilst factions. Well worth reading the phone transcripts of Kissinger with Turkey, Greece, Britain, Russia and the UN. Freely disclosed, available and quite enlightening. observer I don’t think that most of the accomplishments of Kissinger are of the sort you would want advertised. Aside from the then opening to China. Unfortunately, that is is also now hitting the US like a boomerang. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Sure, lets just massacre everyone on the island who is not of Greek origin because we hate the constitution, that makes sense… Arthur Ruse a bunch of cowards should have hanged the lot they only shot people in the back Quasimodo Guerilla war expert alert Argent My bit when I was in the UK was anti terrorism. Unfortunately when you do jobs like this, the terrorist is always the bad guy. Quasimodo I bet Mr Ruse feels the same about the Brits fighting with the French Resistance back in WWII Argent I’m sure he does. The brits were not and are not the only country in the world who have done bad things. They also did a lot of good things and are doing some good things as we speak. But, as I keep saying, the past is the past, get over it. peemdubya Your right, its not worth the effort any more. observer Hey, the British labeled George Washington a terrorist. Argent I aint that old. Even the brits and the yanks had a bit of a do. Now they are best friends [maybe] They have moved forward. observer They had the same culture. They shared the same beliefs as expressed in the Magna Carta and the US bill of rights. The Enlightenment. Not all countries share the same beliefs.It’s easier for some to move forward… Argent After independence, they had a vote as to whether the American language should be English or German, as a big part of the population were German, over 25%. Japan and the US had a bit of an argument too, they now appear good friends. observer And the point is? Argent None really, just making conversation. Also, the Japanese had very little in common with the US. Referring to your last comment. Further to that, I am having a lazy day today in front of the computer, so really, you are keeping me company. A bloody Brit. observer So, in essence, you are saying you are ignorable. Argent That goes without saying. Ali Baba The American Revolution was started by the Brits in the US as they wanted to stop sending their taxes back to GB observer Not exactly. The American colonists had a problem with being taxed by the British when they had no representatives in the British parliament. Angelo Bayada It’s that attitude that lost you Cyprus. MountainMan Nobody appears to have mentioned the TMT. A Turkish Cypriot organization, that was formed to counter the actions of EOKA, and ensure the partition of the island. The TMT were also very active during the coupe and subsequent invasion in 1974 Argent But, as you have just said, they were formed after EOKA to protect themselves as the then Government couldn’t and wouldn’t protect them.. observer Au contraire. The British enlisted Turkish Cypriots in their security forces and used them as a stick to beat the Greek Cypriots with… The beginning of ethnic animosity on the island? Argent I dont deny that “O” I was just replying to “MM” But I am sure they also enlisted Cypriots too. observer You’re joking. Right? Their goal was to prevent Enosis at all costs for their own political ambitions in the region. Argent No, but as I have said, I dont know. But I dont always write it as it should be written? observer My comment remains. Why do you voice an opinion when you yourself admit you do not know? Argent To find out. You say not, others say yes. observer You find out by asking. Not by stating. Argent Fair enough “O” but you should know my writing and mistakes by now. But I did say, “that I am SURE” Muffin the Mule Using the TC in security forces was a pretty obvious move given their abhorencee of EOKA intentions. MountainMan When the TMT were formed, Cyprus was under British rule. As well as defending themselves against EOKA, they also wanted to partition the island. Argent OK, good enough for me. observer And what about the grey wolves? Veritas EOKA, EOKA B, TMT and the Grey Wolves are of the same ideology and the main reason for the tragic situation in Cyprus today. observer A majority, as with EOKA, which sought self-determination has nothing to do with the rest of those you listed. Argent I must agree with “V”, they all had the same goal/intention. observer What was this common goal? mmMMmMMmMMMmm Veritas All four were/are based on a mixture of nationalism and facism. EOKA and EOKA B were founded by the same person and with the same vision, i.e. ENOSIS /union with Greece. You can call it self-determination in 1955, but that expression was only a smoke screen for ENOSIS. The article today by George Koumoullis is an excellent piece of journalism. It’s a first step to discuss EOKA with a more transparent view, something desperately needed. observer In 1955 the goal was Enosis. And the majority would have voted for it. It is called self-determination and was no smoke screen. The smoke screen appears with EOKA B. If you read nothing else about it, read the transcripts from the US Congress Select Intelligence Committees that are available to the public. mmMMmMMmMMMmm So lets call it a battle of “self determinations”, which you lost, shall we? Can we settle for that? mmMMmMMmMMMmm Oh yeah? So why can’t the TC’s have “self determination” ? observer I thought they unilaterally declared independence years ago. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Yes, which was not recognised by the so called defenders of the right for “self determination” in the South. So the question still stands. If its a right for them then why is it not a right for us? observer Democracies go on the basis of majorities. I doubt the Irish in America would be given the right to self determination. In democracies, minorities are protected under minority rights. Though I must admit that the Irish in the US do not constitute any kind of separate entity. It was merely an example for the sake of an example. mmMMmMMmMMMmm No and a very bad example since its one of the only democracies who is not ruled by a specific ethnicity, unlike what a nation state is and certainly unlike what Cyprus was supposed to become if they had succeeded. observer You cannot compare the “melting pot” with Cyprus, which has a clear majority population and a clear minority population. PS. Most European states have a specific majority ethnicity. mmMMmMMmMMMmm I did not, you did. Thats like saying the Kurds have no right for self determination because the Turks are the majority, or the same goes for the Palestinians. Do you agree? observer The Kurds did not manufacture a majority region for themselves which they ethnically cleansed first. They are also not backed by a massive military power with territorial ambitions. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Sure yeah, if you do not consider UK, US and Israel as massive military powers who have territorial ambitions in the region, who also happened to back the Kurdish movement very strongly and openly, ALSO if you ignore the millions of Armenians the Kurds murdered and are currently living in the lands and properties of, then yeah you might have a point… observer Are you talking about the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks? mmMMmMMmMMMmm No my friend. The Islamıc Kurds massacred the Armenians in order to help preserve the Caliphate aka. Ottoman Empire. They in return took over the property and lands of the Armenians who they currently still hold. Coincidentally the Armenians were the majority in the areas. So is that the kind of “self determination” you are on about? observer Tell me your sources… Otherwise, believe what you want. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Let me guess your sources, Armenian lobby in the US? This is not a belief. You can travel all around Eastern Turkey and find Kurds living in Armenian property. Their party have openly apologised for their part in the Armenian genocide and are currently considering the return of property. You should read more.. observer Lol. And what happened to the rest of the Christian population of Asia Minor, including the Greeks. Did the Kurds get them all? mmMMmMMmMMMmm I was not aware of the fact that there was a large Greek population living in Eastern Turkey. We are talking about the Kurds right? observer Asia Minor was Christian, and of largely Middle Eastern origin. But the Greeks were there from antiquity. Ionia, Ephesus, you know, and all those Greek monuments that still stand there. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Yes, which is not where we are talking about. It is Eastern Turkey where Kurds live and claim ownership of, which used to be mostly Armenian. You do know where Asia Minor is don’t you? observer Hey, I don’t know which exact parts of Anatolia they inhabited. But wherever and whoever they were, they were overrun. But I will look it up. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Yes thats a good idea. observer I was hoping that as part of the conquering Turks you would have known who you conquered and where. No matter… mmMMmMMmMMMmm I do. But if you follow up our debate, you will see that Asia Minor (which you do not seem to know where it is) was never in the discussion. observer Really? I don’t know? You are indeed a font of omniscient knowledge. mmMMmMMmMMMmm I dont know, but as far as I am concerned, and have already said, both. Christian Lee Koumourou Blame the Jedi for the dark side? Argent Definitely. Christian Lee Koumourou On reading this article I felt sad that one of our own could not see the struggle and held EOKA partly to blame. So educated but yet so …… Would you blame the Jews for Hitler and the Nazi party? Well? Argent And thats the problem with Cyprus. “One of our own” you all have to follow the party line and any one who disagrees, is an out cast or wrong or a bloody foreigner. Still living in the past. Have you ever asked your self as to why Cyprus is in such a mess now. Its because of that mentality. Georgios Milopoulos Is just because British never accepted the freedom of Cyprus and its people will, as they had to do in line to ALL international laws Argent George, I am not favoring one group over the other. As far as I am concerned, they were both wrong in their actions and deeds. Cyprus and the Cypriots deserved better from both. [if that makes sense] Georgios Milopoulos If by word “group” you mean TMT also-do not mix up these two organizations.Of course in a later stage they came one against the other but this had nothing to do with the aims of 1st April 1955. Argent I never mentioned TMT with you “G”. I was on about the brits and EOKA. Georgios Milopoulos Ok ,sorry of misunderstanding.Therefore an occupation power is equal in legality with the side fighting the occupation.Is a position of course which our days can be understood -GOLDMAN SACHS occupy all of us therefore no difference at all-These days however the case was absolutely different. Argent I dont know “G” My opinion is that no side was innocent. The past is the past, lets get on with it and move forward. Non of this is doing Cyprus any good. Georgios Milopoulos I fully agree on your last-The subject however was the anniversary of 1st April55. nevertheless tks for the polite duscussion observer There is only one tiny blimp there. Turkish expansionist geopolitical ambitions. If Turkey removed itself from the equation, as the Greeks effectively are, a solution would be a cinch. As long as the US and the Brits could come to an agreement. Argent Dont confuse me “O” I’m just getting my hear around the Brit EOKA tiff. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Oh, since when has Turkey been “expanding” or aspiring to do so? I believe Turkey was formed by shrinking the Ottoman Empire and never moved an inch further from its established border by the Treaty of Lousanne. Argent Crash test dummies??? observer Lol. I guess they were not seeking the leadership of the Muslim Arab world either. Even if the Arabs mostly hate them for the Ottoman occupation. mmMMmMMmMMMmm You are confusing Turkey with the Ottomans. Turkey was established by the demolition of the Ottomans and the Caliphate. observer No wonder Erdogan wants to revive it and has turned his back on Ataturk. PS. The Ottoman Empire/Caliphate was not demolished after WWI. It collapsed. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Actually wrong again because the Ottoman Empire and the Caliphate would have lived on through the Treaty of Sevres which was already accepted by the defeated Ottoman elite, obviously that did not happen due to the uprising and the Turkish war of independence led by Atatürk, which forced the Allies to accept the Treaty of Lousanne instead, along with the new Turkish borders and the Ottoman elite was exiled to Europe broke. So effectively the Ottomans and the Caliphate was ended by modern Turkey. observer That does not prove that no one wants to revive it. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Well I seriously doubt that Erdogan believes he can achieve such silly dreams. He knows it just makes him look good. Even if this is Turkeys aim, taking half of a tiny island in order to setup a puppet gıvernment is a ridiculous start for such huge “geopolitical ambitions” 😀 observer Why don’t you tell him that. But I bet he thought it would gain traction and give him a stepping stone. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Sure I will go there right now and tell him, don’t you worry… observer “the Ottoman Empire and the Caliphate would have lived on…” What a vision to behold. A world full of eunuchs, dhimmi populations and harem slavery. Such a loss to humanity… mmMMmMMmMMMmm Sure, if you are into that stuff, I certainly am not. Although you might be confusing the many centuries long era with its earlier periods to its later ones when it had adopted a constitution and a parliamentary system. mmMMmMMmMMMmm On another note, I do often think that the lack of a unified leadership amongst the Muslim world might have helped it slip into the chaos it is in at the moment, maybe ending the Caliphate was not such a great idea, and I am saying this as a non-religious person… observer You mean like ISIS and their caliphate? mmMMmMMmMMMmm You totally lost me there. However if at any point I was referring to ISIS, I would have probably used the word “ISIS”, which I have not. observer Same thing. Different actors. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Again I am lost. Are you claiming that ISIS and the Ottoman Empire might be the same thing? 🙂 observer In their determination for a Caliphate encompassing all Muslims. In which Christians and other non-Muslims pay the jizya or pay with their lives. ISIS is demanding this of “infidels” today. Isn’t it the same system? mmMMmMMmMMMmm Right ok… I am not sure what news you have been watching but from what I see ISIS does NOT encompass all Muslims, in fact they have been mostly killing other Muslims, but yeah I guess if you push it REALLY hard you can draw a comparison, tho I am not sure for what purpose. observer The Ottoman Sunnis did not encompass all Muslims willingly either. mmMMmMMmMMMmm OK if you want to split hairs then one can argue that the roots of the Ottomans were not Muslim either and Turks were not willingly converted to Islam what so ever. So still failing to see the ISIS analogy… observer What are you talking about. The Turks were willing warriors for Islam. They conquered the Byzantine heartland and made it the Turkish heartland. Hasn’t iSIS done the same with parts of Syria and Iraq? You’re right though about one thing. Asia Minor/Anatolia was Christian. And not Turkish ancestral land. mmMMmMMmMMMmm The Turkic people were converted into Islam through slaughter by the Arabs. Turks were not always Muslims. observer No. They were from the steppes. They converted to Islam. I doubt the Arabs went into the steppes to massacre them. mmMMmMMmMMMmm LOL yeah OK. We were just rabbits hanging around the country side and decided to become Islamic for no good reason because we were bored of being Shamanic tribes for a thousand years… observer Don’t know about Shamanic. But surely you have heard of Attila the Hun, and also Ghengis Khan. I doubt anyone forced them to invade territories to the west either. Wealth they could only dream about, etc… Byzantium was also rich pickings for nomadic tribes. mmMMmMMmMMMmm You are forcing historical facts so that they fit into this cliche Greek misconception of the idea that Turks are Mongolian. But you clearly fail to see that Turkic people had spread all over the place and taken different roads through out history. Ottomans are rooted in the Slejuq Turks. Who are completely different to Mongolians. Its not even the same timeline! observer I said from the steppes. mmMMmMMmMMMmm Nonetheless, you should have known about TMT. Argent Not a thing, I thought they delivered parcels. Avi That is not the same thing by a mile Christian Lee Koumourou What about 5k ? Scottie Mccarthy I think the writer of this article would advise the Palestinians not to agitate for an independent state until the powers-that-be are ready to grant them one (even if that’s in 2337); openly thinks the Algerian battle for independence was a grave mistake; and thinks that whilst Gandhi and India went about getting independence in the right way, was independence really, in the final analysis, necessary. observer I agree, with a proviso re Palestine. Neither the Indians nor the Cypriots had the annihilation of the British as a goal. In India, the numbers were in favor of the vast population. Few were in the British colonial administration. It was an inevitable outcome, even through passive resistance. In Cyprus, not only had the British pinned their post-war glorious ambitions on the island, there were few to fight them. I agree with what you are getting at. As I am sure you would readily agree that one size does not fit all. Scottie Mccarthy Fine. We’ll agree to disagree on Palestine. On this, I certainly don’t think the goal of the Palestinians is the annihilation of the Jewish or even Israeli people. But that’s another story for another day… Really? You should read the Hamas Charter about the annihilation of Israel, or just listen to their speeches. observer It’s likely the PLO is imbued with the same kind of thinking. After all, the then Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was a Hitler admirer and has even been photographed in a meeting with him. What were they discussing? The final solution? Scottie Mccarthy I’m afraid I wasn’t party to their discussion…. observer Lol. Neither was I. But the mandate states were not on Hitler’s side. Scottie Mccarthy They are at war with each other. Argent Apart from that. observer Sworn enemies. At war with each other. They burn down each other’s mosques. What do you want? An apocalypse? Argent Apart from that. Argent It does, Iran supports any country or organisation that hates Israel. They have made this quite clear, they fund them also. Philippos This article overlooks the fact that ‘hardly anybody’ wanted ENOSIS, for all the reasons stated in the article, but some did and those who did saw it as a tool to achieve Independence, political dominance, ‘assimilation’ of the Turkish Speakers and as a mechanism to ‘shut up’ any ‘objectors’. In a perverse way The Intimidated are ‘more’ responsible for the result than EOKA and continue to be so today. It only needs one good man to remain silent for evil to prosper. Maybe we should have an ‘Intimidated’ Day? On second thoughts that’s nonsense, every day in Cyprus is an ‘Intimidated’ Day. There isn’t even the freedom to choose your Intimidation or Intimidator Scottie Mccarthy Can you please provide some evidence to support your claim that hardly anybody wanted enosis? Argent From the people I have spoken to, locals, Philippos appears to be right. Dont forget, thousands of Cypriots left Cyprus because of EOKA, not because of the Turks and before 1974. EOKA, were bullies from what I understand and made it known what would happen to those and their families that didn’t support them, just like any terrorist organisation does. Scottie Mccarthy I asked for evidence not a mix of anectodalism, fantasies and propoganda Argent You can check it out for your self. I didn’t take statements or make a documentary. What would the fantasies and propaganda be. These are people I have spoken to and worked with from all over Cyprus and in London. Stop copying Observer and come up with your own facts. Scottie Mccarthy We both know that the statement ‘hardly any people wanted enosis’ is nonsense. And also not to be confused with ‘hardly any people want enosis’. We also both know what I meant by fantasies and propaganda, so there’s no point in me wasting my time spelling these out. Argent But, like everything else there were some for and some against, thats life. The exact numbers, I haven’t a clue. Scottie Mccarthy Hardly any people wanted enosis does not mean some were for it, some were against. It means….well, hardly any people were for enosis. observer My understanding is that all of Cyprus was EOKA. The mothers pushing prams etc. The British couldn’t make any headway against a handful of guerillas. Argent Because the Brits weren’t the cause of the troubles, it was the local cowardly terrorist peasants, and nothing has changed. You and people like you will never learn, Cyprus will always be a backward country. Argent Thats right, spot on again, but having said that, the Brits weren’t murdering cowardly scum like EOKA. Philippos I’ll see what I can dig up in a random sample of cemeteries. For Cremations, you’ll just have to take my word for it Scottie Mccarthy You seem to have confused the study of history with waking the dead. What do you think Simon Schama did to find out information for his History of Britain series? Hold a seyance with Oliver Cromwell and Mary Queen of Scots? Philippos No séance necessary, because I was there, but how to make it evident that that was the ‘real’ feeling as opposed to the overt, ‘face’, I need to get other people who were there to write in to you. Many, sadly, are no longer with us, which in a way is another point of relevance, it soon all becomes second hand and whilst undeniably part of history, is of reducing relevance as time passes Scottie Mccarthy There are plenty of people still alive from the enosis years, so you shouldn’t have too much difficulty finding some folks to write to me. Indeed, I’ve spoken to hundreds of people who remember the period, but never have I heard about the ‘real’ and ‘face’ positions you mentioned above. Nor have I come across them in the endless documentaries, articles and books I’ve consumed on the issue. I wonder why? Philippos Me too! I can only imagine that ‘honesty’ is reserved for those that are trusted, otherwise you follow the party line for fear of reprisal. I forgot to mention that Enosis was also supposed to achieve what ‘union’ achieved in Crete – the Turkish Speakers would get the message and leave. BritCyprus The ‘Battle for Cyprus’ continues. Will the British residents out number the Russians? observer If the ‘battle for Cyprus’ continues, then the above article is naive at best. Argent Nyet. Rissole Bland Much truth in this article but he omits the important fact that union with Greece was supposed to protect Cyprus from Turkish claims to the island. Both sides saw the 1960 Constitution as a stepping stone to their ultimate aims and therein lies the cause of The Cyprus Problem. observer If the 1960 Constitution was one in which the Greeks (both in Cyprus and on the mainland) had willingly agreed to, I would agree. That wasn’t the case. Rissole Bland Neither side got what they wanted but the Constitution brought bother motherlands into the the equation and that was good enough for the local patriots – for a while. observer No. What it did is put a stranglehold on Greece, and brought Turkish expansionist designs to the fore. Everyone knew it, even at the time. But it was force majeure. observer Several things wrong with this article. The definition of ethnic cleansing is not selling up your property and leaving. A struggle should not always be judged by its results rather than intentions. If this were true, the French Revolution, which turned into a bloodbath and gave rise to Napoleon, should be considered a failure. Everything can be judged in hindsight. The author has plenty of this. The geopolitical importance of Cyprus for the British with Suez right next door, cannot be compared with Malta. The author seems unaware of the Cold War context, alien to Greece, that it was forced into. Also of the British machinations to elevate their position vis-a-vis the Americans to prove that they were not the wannabe power they actually were at the time. The bit about education is meaningless in this context. Most/all countries taught history to the young in the same way. Most still do. Actually, there is too much here for a comment forum. Frustrated This is a first rate piece of writing and the author should be congratulated for it. Would that others express their views so eruditely and without the crass and divisive ‘patriotic’ rhetoric that tends to be the norm. I have in my possession correspondence between my mother and the last British Governor of the island, Sir Hugh Foot. In his letters, the Governor expresses his frustration at the pace of independence negotiations and in one letter admits that the deal that was finally hammered out was the best that could be achieved in the circumstances. In short, reading between the lines it’s obvious that he knew that trouble lay ahead and prophesied as much. There’s also this myth that it was solely the British who were instrumental in formulating the Constitution. Not so. Greece had even more input into it. Whatever the truth of the matter, the EOKA struggle was understandable in that all nations have a right to self-determination. However, the GC leadership failed to grasp the workings of realpolitik (a failing that persists to this day) and pursued a romantic policy which harked back to the emotional glory days of Greece rather than the modern day realities. More importantly, as the author of this article points out, they totally ignored the presence of the TCs and their aspirations. Big mistake, the legacy of which continues to this day. Once again, well done Mr. Koumoullis. You really are a star! disqus_qVKPczqCH5 F, there was an excellent program about all this, shown on UK’s channel 4 back in 1984, called ‘Cyprus-Britains grim legacy’. Excellently presented, almost at 2 hours with both parts 1 and 2, best I’d seen so far, and with interviews with all the then politicians involved. Luckily I saved it on videotape from back then and transfered it to dvd recently, and made copies for all my friends. After reading all this today, maybe I’ll upload it to youtube for others to see. Frustrated You MUST download it onto Youtube and do advise when you’ve done so! gentlegiant161 It is already listed there there. not sure if it is the complete programne though as I have not watched it.. just watched a bit of part one and it seems to have been cut? The commentator starts to talk about Makarios who appears on film and then suddenly it cuts to Grivas??? disqus_qVKPczqCH5 F, and O, will do my best to upload and will let you know. give me some time, its a big upload at almost two hours. G, what u have seen is a sixteen minute trailer only, i just looked it up. disqus_qVKPczqCH5 Frustrated, its now uploaded as CYPRUS – BRITAINS GRIM LEGACY THE FULL DOCUMENTARY. Good luck and let me know if the message has got through. Leave a comment on video. Frustrated Many thanks for your efforts. Will check it out. Poster Many thanks for this, very good documentary! observer Great! But do give a hint. What was the grim legacy? disqus_qVKPczqCH5 Uploaded as, CYPRUS – BRITAINS GRIM LEGACY THE FULL DOCUMENTARY. Good luck, let me know if you,ve got the message so i don,t look for you elsewhere to give the message. gentlegiant161 Brilliant and seems complete skimming through it unlike the other copy thats been cut about. thanks for uploading…..I watched the beginning upto where the members of the party in Limmasol said they couldnt support an armed uprising and werw threatened with dire consequences if they didnt.. so much for the BS some prat posted that all Cypriots supported EOKA… I look forward to watching the rest of the film.. . Argent Well said “F” unfortunately we will still have the super patriots that hates the truth and facts, even though its there for all to see. observer What are these facts anyway? State them. Argent Whats the point, you are never wrong and I cant be bothered. Like I and many others have said before, all Cyprus’s problems were caused by EOKA and Greece, no one else. Dont get me wrong, when the brits were here, they could of and should of done more for the Cypriot population. Before you go into one and start the insults flowing, have a read of my comment from yesterday in reply to John Mavros. observer I’m not asking for commentaries, I’m asking for facts. There is a difference. Argent Read any history books apart from Cypriot ones. observer Do direct me to the history books of your choice. PS. I’ve never studied a Cypriot history book in my life. I’ve done my studying in Western research libraries. gentlegiant161 Reply to fellow cypriots Phillipos post then … you are never wrong so no point in a diatribe with a wall. peemdubya Fact: EOKA wanted the Brits out of Cyprus. Fact: They would shed whatever blood necessary to achieve this aim. Fact: They didn’t know when to stop and Grivas was too proud / stupid to see other options. Martin Standage This puts things very clearly in a nutshell…if Britain had been more accomodating and invested more money and interest in Cyprus people here might have been less inclined to press for Enosis with a country where conditions were far worse than here? Argent Thats right, as I and many others have said before, the UK were by no means angels and should have and could have done more for Cyprus. But I also believe what ever the Brits had done, EOKA wouldn’t be happy and continued with their terrorists activities for their own and no one else’s benefit. Look at Cyprus now. Georgios Milopoulos Argent, your conclusion i assume is that EOKA was fighting with union with a wrong country-They should fight for union with British empire.Is this what you mean? Argent I dont believe that EOKA was fighting for any ones benefit apart from their own. Look at Cyprus now and who is in charge. Georgios Milopoulos And you have to check and remember these who died – as i assume they were also fighting for their own!!! Georgios Milopoulos The most difficult target is to try to understand something which incurred in 1955 by the facts of 2015.On 1st April 55 neither T/Cs neither Turkey was a problem or target.The aim was to achieve the people’s freedom as many other states and nations were doing that period.T/cs became a target only after they decided -as they are doing today-to cooperate with the occupation against the majority and the legal citizens of the Island. observer With some provisos as to “legal citizens,” even if the TCs were mostly converted Christians. Georgios Milopoulos Legal citizen is based on what you are doing for your country.-NAZIS are not legals in Germany even now observer You can respond with sane argumentation and demolish the notion that I am ‘never wrong.’ Ever occurred to you? Argent I am often wrong, when I am I always acknowledge it. observer You don’t like my views , that’s fine Argent Not at all Christian, I do like your views. When we write things down, they dont always come out the way we would speak them. almostbroke Very good article ! The plebs and the ‘cannon fodder ‘ do the dying in the ‘struggle for freedom ‘ as usual and when the ‘smoke clears ‘ the rich and elite minority take over , run the country as their personal fifedom and have been since the country achieved a kind of independence ,but still obsessed with union with Greece to this day ! The problem is the Greeks treat Cyprus like it was ‘gum on its shoe ‘ . peemdubya Gum is the nice way of putting it!!!! Gandolph An excellent and informative article; one that should be taught in schools instead of the propagandist claptrap. Argent “G” we cant have the truth be told in Cypriot schools, what ever next, equality. observer Great comment, especially coming form someone with a self-acknowledged lack of historical information. Argent I have my moments. So you are saying that all of the above is/are wrong. observer Observer, your an intelligent guy, read the above. peemdubya O, for goodness sake, go on to Amazon, type in ‘Cyprus problem’ and take your pick of all the published books – that will give you a very good view of what / why / when / who / how across more than a dozen books. Johnny Cyprus The article supports the view that at least the early EOKA activities were in effect the reflection of a proxy war between fascists and communists in Cyprus. The sides were backed and encouraged by Greece and the Soviet Union respectively. Recognition of this, might be essential to a proper understanding of what went on in the 1950’s and the events after independence. Neroli Brilliant article and everyone should read it especially in the schools! This is something I have never been able to understand, of wanting ENOSIS with Greece gentlegiant161 Will it even be translated into Greek ( modern) I wonder? even now the reality may be too much to spring on the population .. Veritas An excellent article that is focusing on a big myth in the modern history of RoC. Especially one sentence is important how to explain, why this myth managed to survive until today: “Critical thought, questioning, evaluation and the development of a personal understanding were considered alien and of suspect origin and therefore rejected”. As explained in the article, this is something that is still valid today. The GC’s of Cyprus have fooled themselves, but not anyone else, that “the struggle for self determination” wasn’t a re-writing of a struggle for ENOSIS i.e. union with Greece. Something that would not be accepted by anyone else, including Turkey It was later followed by EOKA B and the rest is history. I wish that this article could be the beginning of a more transparent view of our modern history, for the good of Cyprus and its future. Mist Good article. I returned from Burma recently and the people there welcomed and thanked the Commonwealth, from saving them from Japanese rule. Albeit Brits were the colonial masters for a very long time. Millions of Burmese go to the war grave cemetery in “Rangoon” each year to pay thanks to the fallen and honour them. Hundreds of Cypriots died in WW2 both TC & GC’s, many receiving “gongs”. Perhaps VE day would be more suitable or remembrance day. OXISTOUSOXIADES Cyprus should have only sought independence when it was stable enough. That happened only in 2004 when we entered into the EU. Until then we should have remained a semi-colony for the Brits. It was quite obvious that once Brits were out (something that never happened actually) another country would have taken its place. And quite frankly I strongly believe being a colony to Britain was much much better than risking a bloody invasion from a semi-dictatorial, semi-theocratical and quite backwards country such as Turkey. And taking into account the state of Greece I also do not believe that Enosis would have been more favourable to Cyprus. Martin Standage A number of Greek-Cypriots have said the same thing to me,especially since the recession in 2013 began and after the referendum in 2004 because they simply don’t believe that the corrupt politicians here are capable of dealing with anything!My in-laws in London who are now very elderly look back with nostalgia to their life in Famagusta before 1960 and would choose it again any time if they could….. OXISTOUSOXIADES I agree with the fact that we cannot trust our politicians. Fingers crossed troika will never leave. But Famagusta was also beautiful after the independence, it was the jewel of the Med. Even though I was born after the invasion I always considered it as my home. Scottie Mccarthy Yes, I’m sure lots of GC’s have told you how keen they are to be ruled once again by the Brits…. Zorbas “The EOKA struggle: what was it all for?” Obviously to kick the Brits out and then invite them back to buy all the coastal land no good for farming. Then to mess things up so much that Cyprus has moved from Donkeys to Black BMW’s and very nearly back to donkeys in a single generation. Banjo YOU and your mentality are exactly what the reporter is talking about. Too blind to see the nose on your own face , so you cut it off for spite. You and your generation are victims , but you don’t even know , of what. Neroli Banjo I think he was being sarcastic Banjo Guess I missed that one then. Neroli Even sadder is the land sold for development in many coastal areas was prime agricultural land! Geoff Cosson As this writer says, the British Labour Party was very sympathetic to Cyprus’ wish for self-determination in the early 1950s. However, they made it clear at the time to Makarios and others, that once EOKA started killing British soldiers, that support would stop. Other colonies, such as Malta, achieved full independence without resorting to shooting people. Hambis14 Another major factor in the timing of self-determination would have been the Suez Crisis in 1956, which marked the death-knell for Britain’s remaining colonial holdings. Argent Prove it. Argent Whats the point, I really dont care, and, believe it or not, I do have a life. observer Lol. Then why do you bother to comment.? Or is it that talk is cheap, but facts actually require some knowledge. Argent Non, I just like to read and learn from other peoples comments, even yours. observer You mean you don’t actually know anything on your own. Argent I know nothing about anything, is today Sunday. observer EOKA began in 1955. Unless you were a seer, you would have no idea what was going to happen in 1956. Nor of the extent of the British convictions to hold Cyprus “against all comers” as was stated in Parliament. Hindsight is great, but only armchair historians live in a hindsight view of the world. Avi We can see who came off best “Malta” wins every time Argent The past is the past Avi, I just wish Cyprus could move forward and teach history as it really was. Avi They can’t and that is the basic problem they have Argent Totally agree with you. observer The Maltese were not struggling against British foreign policy that was antithetical to the majority of the Maltese. gentlegiant161 Err yes they were … best you readup on Dom Mintoff.. the British eventually left Malta because Mintoff Put up the the cost of using the facilities so they left.,. Fact. And Malta isnt the only example… woyld your claimed majority of Cyoriots just be the Greek Cypriots by any chance?. Without an armed uprising Britain would have left eventually anyway as the article states, and there Would be no deaths on either side, no trying to kill Makarios , no invasion By either Greece Or Turkey causing the problem you are unable to even contemplate resolving to this day. and no NAVEX either.. but thats in hindsight of course. observer Ahhh. So you are saying that even the Maltese outcome depended on the stiff resistance by the Maltese. peemdubya No, by Mintoff doing his “fiefdom” bit and welcoming the Russians to supper…. observer I mean, the Brits may have had colonial interests to hold on to the place, but they did no have the conviction that, for their own perceived national interests, Malta could never become independent. This was the prevalent British view concerning Cyprus. Scottie Mccarthy Thanks George! Steely Mike A most informative article. The writer is so correct although Great Britain still has Colonies by consent. However, I do believe any of them would quickly become independent if they so wished. I have no problem with the principle of self determination that many of the young Greek Cypriot EOKA fighters believed in. Sadly, it appears that many of them fought in a manner we view ISIS. Certainly, as the author indicates, the Turkish Community foresaw an event that was much later initiated by Nicos Samson. Jay Bee A fascinating and enlightening piece. No doubt to be later rubbished by the faux patriots ……. Neroli Looking at Greece and Cyprus now they would have deserved each other. What a mess Cyprus has done with their so called independance observer The constitution was rigged. As was the Annan plan. Cypriot independence in 1960 never stood a chance under the constitution imposed on it;. Argent Who is to blame for this. observer Ask the powers that intervened for their own goals. Argent It was a genuine question “O”, I know very little about that. So if I made a comment on it, I would be wrong. peemdubya Touchy, but true – anyway, ‘O’ has had too much time here. gentlegiant161 Indeed, they have appeared now.. observer If you have any historical arguments to the contrary, do state them. If you can. gentlegiant161 How funny You seem to think I was talking about you then?? observer	i don't know
Which American aircraft company made the F15 Strike Eagle	Boeing: Historical Snapshot: F-15 Eagle Tactical Fighter F-15 Eagle Tactical Fighter F-15 Eagle Tactical Fighter Historical Snapshot McDonnell Aircraft formalized the concept for the F-15 in 1967 when the company was selected to enter the second phase of the U.S Air Force's FX competition. Competing against Fairchild Hiller and North American Rockwell, McDonnell used lessons learned during the Vietnam War on the changing nature of jet age air-to-air combat, given that the F-4 Phantom II was earning its reputation as a formidable fighter. On Dec. 23, 1969, after more than two years of intensive testing and evaluation, the Air Force awarded McDonnell Douglas the F-15 Advanced Tactical Fighter contract. The McDonnell Douglas team had placed first among the three competitors in all phases of the competition and had the lowest contract price. The F-15 is a twin-engine, high-performance, all-weather air superiority fighter known for its incredible acceleration and maneuverability. With a top speed in excess of Mach 2.5 (more than 1,600 mph or 2575 kph), it was the first U.S. fighter with enough thrust to accelerate vertically. The F-15 carries a large complement of missiles — including AIM-9 Sidewinders and AIM-7 Sparrows; the Boeing-built Small Diameter Bomb I, Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) and Laser JDAM weapons; and an internal 20 mm Gatling gun — all vital for modern engagements. On June 26, 1972, James S. McDonnell, founder of McDonnell Aircraft, christened the F-15 "Eagle." Test pilot Irv Burrows took the first F-15 Eagle to the air on July 27, 1972, at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Six months later, the Air Force approved the Eagle for full-rate production. In early 1975, flying out of Grand Forks Air Force Base in North Dakota, an F-15A known as Streak Eagle set many time-to-climb world records. Between Jan. 16 and Feb. 1, 1975, the Streak Eagle broke eight time-to-climb world records. It reached an altitude of 98,425 feet just 3 minutes, 27.8 seconds from brake release at takeoff and coasted to nearly 103,000 feet before descending. Eagles flown by Israel's air force were the first to face a true adversary in the air. They downed more than 50 Syrian fighters with no losses of their own. In service with the U.S. Air Force, the F-15 Eagle downed MiG fighters during the Balkan conflict and the majority of Iraq's fixed-wing aircraft during Operation Desert Storm. To meet the U.S. Air Force requirement for air-to-ground missions, the F-15E Strike Eagle was developed. It made its first flight from St. Louis in December 1986. The Strike Eagle can carry 23,000 pounds of air-to-ground and air-to-air weapons and is equipped with an advanced navigation and an infrared targeting system, protecting the Strike Eagle from enemy defenses. This allows the Strike Eagle to fly at a low altitude while maintaining a high-speed, even during bad weather or at night. The F-15 has been produced in single-seat A model and two-seat B versions. The two-seat F-15E Strike Eagle version is a dual-role fighter that can engage both ground and air targets. F-15C, -D, and -E models participated in Operation Desert Storm in 1991. F-15 downed 32 of 36 U.S. Air Force air-to-air victories and struck Iraqi ground targets. F-15s served in Bosnia in 1994 and downed three Serbian MiG-29 fighters in Operation Allied Force in 1999. They enforced no-fly zones over Iraq in the 1990s. Eagles also hit Afghan targets in Operation Enduring Freedom, and the F-15E version performed air-to-ground missions in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Boeing has continued to evolve the F-15 with advanced technology, and it is undefeated in air-to-air combat — 101 aerial victories and 0 defeats. Production continues today with advanced models for several international customers. In all models, more than 1,500 F-15s have been built. F-15 will be a major player in the U.S. Air Force air superiority and dominance arsenal through the 2040 timeframe using leading-edge technology and capabilities that will keep the Advanced F-15 and its mission systems current. Technical Specifications	McDonnell Douglas
Which female US singer was voted Greatest Singer of all Time by Rolling Stone magazine in 2010	How F-15s Work \| HowStuffWorks HowStuffWorks Photo courtesy U.S. Air Force It didn't take long for the world to figure out the combat potential of airplanes . In 1911, only eight years after the Wright brothers got their creation off the ground, the U.S. military started dropping test bombs from above. A few years later, World War I troops were battling it out in the sky with machine-gun-packing fighter planes. Things moved pretty quickly from there. Only 60 years later, the early single-engine propeller planes had evolved into sleek, powerful fighter jets that could make sharp aerial turns at more than 600 miles per hour (970 kph). Up Next How No-fly Zones Work In this article, we'll look at one of the most famous fighters, the F-15. This remarkable aircraft is getting up in years -- it has been around since the early '70s -- but it's still a crucial piece of the U.S. arsenal. According to the U.S. Air Force, it has a perfect combat record, with over 100 victories and zero defeats. As we'll see, its success is due to its phenomenal maneuverability, advanced electronic equipment and fearsome firepower. The F-15 Eagle is a small, highly maneuverable jet plane designed to fly combat missions in all weather conditions. Its primary mission is maintaining air superiority. In other words, its ultimate purpose is to defeat other planes in aerial combat. An F-15C Eagle prepares to refuel. Photo courtesy U.S. Air Force The United States Air Force commissioned the plane after they got a look at the MiG-25, a powerful fighter jet the Soviet Union unveiled in 1967. The MiG-25, commonly known as "the Foxbat," was far superior to the primary U.S. fighter jet at the time, the F-4 Phantom, and in the heart of the Cold War, the Air Force needed a comparable aircraft as soon as possible. McDonnell Douglas (now merged with Boeing) won the contract for the new project and delivered the finished F-15 a few years later. The company has introduced several variations on this plane since then, as technology and needs have changed (see below). The current combat F-15 Eagle is the F-15C. The original F-15 Eagle was designed to handle only air-to-air targets (other planes). It wasn't built to bomb targets on the ground because the Air Force knew that the extra equipment would compromise the plane's aerial combat abilities. But when the Air Force needed a fighter bomber to replace the aging F-111 until the new stealth F-117 was ready, they decided to modify the F-15 for air-to-ground missions. The result was the F-15 Strike Eagle, designated F-15E. Photo courtesy U.S. Department of Defense The Strike Eagle is not a replacement for the original F-15, but a supplementary bomber plane. Surprisingly, the Air Force's temporary solution turned out to be one of the best fighter bombers ever made. In Operation Desert Storm, the Strike Eagle proved it could successfully fight its way past enemy planes, hit several ground targets, and then fight its way out of enemy territory. In the next section, we'll see how these two planes are put together and find out how they dive, climb and dodge so gracefully. An F-15 has most of the elements you'll find on an ordinary jet plane. It has two wings that generate lift, it has rear vertical and horizontal stabilizers and rudders that balance and steer the plane, and it has twin turbofan jet engines at the rear of the plane that generate thrust. F-15 Models F-15A - The original F-15 combat plane, the F-15A first flew in July 1972. Like the current F-15C, this plane is designed for a single pilot. F-15B - The original F-15 training plane, the F-15B first flew in July 1973. This plane has two pilot stations -- one for an experienced instructor and one for a pilot in training. F-15C - An updated version of the F-15A, the Air Force added the F-15C in 1979. The F-15C has improved electronics, greater engine power and increased fuel capacity. F-15D - This is the two-seater training-plane counterpart to the F-15C. F-15E - A combination air-to-air fighter and air-to-ground bomber (also known as the F-15 Strike Eagle), the F-15E entered the Air Force arsenal in 1988. The biggest difference between the F-15C and the F-15E is the F-15E's extra cockpit station and its bombing capabilities. There are many smaller changes throughout the plane. F-15I Thunder - An Israeli variation on the F-15E F-15S - A Saudi variation on the F-15E F-15J Peace Eagle - A Japanese variation on the F-15C F-15 ACTIVE - The F-15 ACTIVE is a two-seater F-15 used in NASA research. ACTIVE stands for "advanced control technology for integrated vehicles." The main difference between an F-15 and an ordinary jet is how these elements are balanced. The F-15's twin engines (Pratt & Whitney F-100-PW-220s or 229s) have a very high thrust-to-weight ratio, meaning they are relatively light for the amount of thrust they generate (they can generate almost eight times their own weight in thrust). Photo courtesy Department of Defense The plane body is relatively light, too, though it is extremely strong. The wing spars (the support structures inside the wings) are made of titanium, which is lighter and stronger than steel , and most of the skin is made of lightweight aluminum. According to the Air Force, each engine can generate between 25,000 and 29,000 pounds of thrust. The F-15C's normal weight is only 45,000 pounds, which means its thrust is actually greater than its weight! This lets it accelerate quickly, even while climbing in altitude. The F-15 also has very low wing loading, meaning it has a lot of wing area for its weight. Greater wing area means greater lift, which makes the plane more agile. It can take off, ascend and turn much more quickly than an ordinary plane, which has much more weight per square foot of wing space. An F-15's high thrust-to-weight ratio and low wing loading let it shoot off the ground at a sharp angle.	i don't know
By what common name is Hydrated Magnesium Sulphate better known	It's Elemental - The Element Magnesium It's Elemental Melting Point: 923 K (650°C or 1202°F) Boiling Point: 1363 K (1090°C or 1994°F) Density: 1.74 grams per cubic centimeter Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Element Classification: Metal Period Number: 3 Group Number: 2 Group Name: Alkaline Earth Metal What's in a name? For Magnesia, a district in the region of Thessaly, Greece. Say what? Magnesium is pronounced as mag-NEE-zhi-em. History and Uses: Although it is the eighth most abundant element in the universe and the seventh most abundant element in the earth's crust , magnesium is never found free in nature. Magnesium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, through the electrolysis of a mixture of magnesium oxide (MgO) and mercuric oxide (HgO) in 1808. Today, magnesium can be extracted from the minerals dolomite (CaCO3·MgCO3) and carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O), but is most often obtained from seawater. Every cubic kilometer of seawater contains about 1.3 billion kilograms of magnesium (12 billion pounds per cubic mile). Magnesium burns with a brilliant white light and is used in pyrotechnics, flares and photographic flashbulbs. Magnesium is the lightest metal that can be used to build things, although its use as a structural material is limited since it burns at relatively low temperatures. Magnesium is frequently alloyed with aluminum , which makes aluminum easier to roll, extrude and weld. Magnesium-aluminum alloys are used where strong, lightweight materials are required, such as in airplanes, missiles and rockets. Cameras, horseshoes, baseball catchers' masks and snowshoes are other items that are made from magnesium alloys. Magnesium oxide (MgO), also known as magnesia, is the second most abundant compound in the earth's crust . Magnesium oxide is used in some antacids, in making crucibles and insulating materials, in refining some metals from their ores and in some types of cements. When combined with water (H2O), magnesia forms magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), better known as milk of magnesia, which is commonly used as an antacid and as a laxative. Hydrated magnesium sulphate (MgSO4·7H2O), better known as Epsom salt, was discovered in 1618 by a farmer in Epsom, England, when his cows refused to drink the water from a certain mineral well. He tasted the water and found that it tasted very bitter. He also noticed that it helped heal scratches and rashes on his skin. Epsom salt is still used today to treat minor skin abrasions. Other magnesium compounds include magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2). Magnesium carbonate is used to make some types of paints and inks and is added to table salt to prevent caking. A thin film of magnesium fluoride is applied to optical lenses to help reduce glare and reflections. Estimated Crustal Abundance: 2.33×104 milligrams per kilogram Estimated Oceanic Abundance: 1.29×103 milligrams per liter Number of Stable Isotopes: 3 ( View all isotope data ) Ionization Energy: 7.646 eV	Magnesium sulfate
In 1946 which specially trained fighting body became an exclusive branch of the Royal Marines	Examples of Hydrated Salts • hydrate Examples of Hydrated Salts Acids and bases when react together, neutralize each other to produce salt and water. However, they mostly react in an aqueous solution. An aqueous solution is a solution where the solvent is usually water. Acids produce hydrogen ions in solution. Most acids have the general formula HA, where A minus is an anion, which are negatively-charged ions. Bases produce hydroxide ions in solution. Most bases have the form BOH, where B plus is a cation, which are positively-charged ions. Neutralization happens because hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to produce water. The anion of acid and the cation of base then react to form a salt. For example, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide neutralize each other to form the salt sodium chloride and water. Similarly, sulphuric acid and ammonium hydroxide neutralize to form a salt ammonium sulphate and water. Another example is the reaction of black copper oxide and acetic acid in the vinegar, to form copper acetate and water. The copper acetate is water soluble and dissolves away, leaving a clean copper metal surface. However, when exposed to air this copper acetate reacts with the oxygen in the air to form blue-green copper carbonate. All non-metal oxides are acidic in nature and react with water to form acids and they react with bases to form salts. For example sulphur trioxide reacting with barium hydroxide to give the salt barium sulphate and water. Another example is reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phosphate and water. Most non-metal oxides are acidic and form oxy-acids, which in turn yield hydronium ions (H3O+) in aqueous solution. Some of the salts contain water in their crystal. This water content is called as water of crystallisation and such salts are called as hydrated salts. You know that the formula of gypsum CaSO4. 2H2O and formula for plaster of Paris is CaSO4. $\frac{1}{2}$H2O. What do you think about water molecules shown in formula? Why we wrote it just next to main formula separated by dot? This is known as water of crystallization. It indicates the number of water molecules which are chemically combined with the salt in its crystalline state. These water molecules combine in a definite molecular proportion. The presence of water in the molecule affects the geometry of crystal and other physical properties such as colour, melting point etc. Such type of salts is known as hydrous salts. These salts are better known with their common names instead of their chemical names. Some common hydrous or hydrated salts with their common name are as given below; Name Best Results From Wikipedia Yahoo Answers Youtube From Wikipedia Garlic salt Garlic salt is a flavored salt used as food seasoning made of a mixture of dried ground garlic and table salt with an anti-caking agent (e.g. calcium silicate ). In its most basic form it is made by combining 3 parts salt and 1 part garlic powder. It is used as a substitute for fresh garlic, for example in burgers or chili . It should not be mistaken with minced garlic, granulated garlic, or garlic powder, which are just ground dried garlic, also sold as spices. Ground garlic can be made into garlic salt by pouring it into a bowl with salt and pouring humectant on it. Acid salt Acid salt is a somewhat obscure term for a class of salts formed by the partial neutralization of diprotic or polyprotic acid s. Because the parent acid is only partially neutralized, one or more replaceable hydrogen ion s remain. Typical acid salts have one or more alkali ( alkaline ) metal ions as well as one or more protons. Well known examples are sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4). Often acid salts are used as buffer s. For example, the acid salt sodium bisulfate is the main species formed upon the half neutralization of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide : H2SO4 + NaOH → NaHSO4 + H2O Acid salts compounds can act either as an acid or a base : addition of a suitably strong acid will restore protons, and addition of a suitably strong base will remove protons. The pH of a solution of an acid salt will depend on the relevant equilibrium constants and the amounts of any additional base or acid. A comparison between the Kb and Ka will indicate this: if Kb > Ka, the solution will be basic, whereas if Kb < 'Ka, the solution will be acidic. Use in food Some acid salts are used in baking. They are found in baking powders and are typically divided into low-temperature (or single-acting) and high-temperature (or double-acting) acid salts. Common low-temperature acid salts react at room temperature to produce a leavening effect. They include cream of tartar , calcium phosphate , and citrate s. High-temperature acid salts produce a leavening effect during baking and are usually aluminium salts such as calcium aluminium phosphate . Some acid salts may also be found in non-dairy coffee creamers . Salt (chemistry) In chemistry , salts are ionic compounds that can result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base . They are composed of cation s (positively charged ions) and anion s (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge). These component ions can be inorganic such as chloride (Clâˆ’), as well as organic such as acetate (CH3COOâˆ’) and monatomic ion s such as fluoride (Fâˆ’), as well as polyatomic ion s such as sulfate (SO42âˆ’). There are several varieties of salts. Salts that hydrolyze to produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water are basic salts and salts that hydrolyze to produce hydronium ions in water are acid salt s. Neutral salts are those that are neither acid nor basic salts. Zwitterion s contain an anionic center and a cationic center in the same molecule but are not considered to be salts. Examples include amino acid s, many metabolite s, peptide s and proteins . Molten salts and solutions containing dissolved salts (e.g. sodium chloride in water) are called electrolyte s, as they are able to conduct electricity . As observed in the cytoplasm of cell s, in blood , urine , plant saps and mineral water s, mixtures of many different ions in solution usually do not form defined salts after evaporation of the water. Therefore, their salt content is given for the respective ions. Properties Color Salts can appear to be clear and transparent ( sodium chloride ), opaque , and even metallic and lustrous ( iron disulfide ). In many cases the apparent opacity or transparency are only related to the difference in size of the individual monocrystal s. Since light reflects from the grain boundaries (boundaries between crystallites), larger crystal s tend to be transparent, while polycrystalline aggregates look like white powders. Of course, some salts are opaque . Salts exist in many different color s, e.g. From Yahoo Answers Question:what is crystillization Answers:---Deliquescent salts have a great affinity for surrounding moisture, and readily absorb water vapours to form a solution. E.g: calcium chloride; zinc chloride, magnesium chloride; sodium hydroxide(base); lithium chloride; ammonium nitrate; magnesium nitrate; lithium sulfide; magnesium iodide; and potassium chloride ---Hydrated salts are those which contain water of crystallization - different salts attract different number of water molecules. E.g: Na2CO3+10H2O ; MgSO4+7H2O; CuSO4+5H20; CoCl2+6H2O; SnCl2+2H20; nickel(II) sulphate; aluminum nitrate ; lithium nitrate; calcium nitrate; CaCl2+6H2O; and BaCl2+2H2O. Crystallization is the the process of the removal of a solid from a solution by increasing its concentration above the saturation point, such that excess solid separates out in the form of crystals. It is used in separation and purification of a substance. Question:The original question reads: We place a hydrated salt into a crucible whose mass is 115.624 grams. The mass of the crucible is now 117.470 grams. After heating the sample, the mass is found to be 117.188 grams. What is the formula of the hydrated ionic salt? Answers:You can figure out the number of grams of water per grams of salt. Mass water = 117.470-117.188 = 0.282 g Mass salt (without water) = 117.188-115.624= 1.564 g. Now 0.282 g of water is 0.282/18 moles of water = 0.01567 moles. Without knowing the salt, we can not figure out how many moles there are of that. If we did we would then work out the ratio of moles of water to moles of "rest" and that would give us the formula as salt.xH2O. Question:We had a lab where we heated Barium Chloride hydrate. In the end we are soposed to find the empirical formula for hydrated salt. Heres my data: Masses: Crucible and cover: 14.71g Crucible, cover, salt: 18.33g Crucible, cover, anhydrous salt: 17.76 If anyone could help that would be great. please explain to me how you got the answer. Answers:Crucible and cover: 14.71g Crucible, cover, salt: 18.33g Crucible, cover, anhydrous salt:17.76g mass of water 0.57g mass of salt3.62g moles of water 0.03167 (/18) molar mass of BaCl2=208.23g/mol (anhydrous) moles of BaCl20.0174 ratio of BaCl2 : H2O ~1:2 so the formula is BaCl2.2H2O Question:What is the difference between a hydrated salt and an anhydrous salt? Answers:The difference is water. A hydrated salt is one that has one or more (usually more) water molecules per salt "molecule" that are actually part of the crystalline structure of the salt. Often when the hydrated salt is heated, and the water removed, (dehydrated) the crystal disintegrates to a powder of the anhydrous (literally, "without water") salt. That occurs when copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is dehydrated by heating it. It goes from a pretty, dark blue crystal to a light blue to white powder. CuSO45H2O --> CuSO4 + 5H2O From Youtube Hydrate Video Lab :Please watch and comment on my video lab I created. I am trying to get an idea of how I could use video labs with my chemistry course or website. I guess this would be good for students who are out of school for long periods of time, schools without chemicals, lessons when a teacher is out or something else. Please let me know what you think. About the experiment This experiment is intended to introduce students to hydrated compounds. These compounds have water molecules coordinated in their chemical structures. Examples CuSO45H2O, BaCl22H2O, and NaC2H3O23H2O. Notice each formula has a "" between the compound's formula and the number of water molecules that are coordinated in the structure. the "" represents a weak chemical bond known as a hydration bond. This bond is usually easily broken by heating the compound. Ceftiflex Re-Hydration Procedure :Dr. Lucas Hinojosa, DVM demostrating the re-hydration procedure for mixing Ceftiflex Powder utilizing the venting technique. Ceftiflex (ceftiofur sodium sterile powder) contains the sodium salt of ceftiofur which is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including -lactamase-producing strains. Like other cephalosporins, ceftiofur is bactericidal in vitro, resulting from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Each mL of the reconstituted drug contains ceftiofur sodium equivalent to 50 mg ceftiofur. The pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide and monobasic potassium phosphate. Reconstitution of the sterile powder: Ceftiflex (ceftiofur sodium sterile powder) should be reconstituted as follows: 1 gram vial- Reconstitute with 20 mL Sterile Water for Injection. 4 gram vial- Reconstitute with 80 mL Sterile Water for Injection. Each mL of the resulting solution contains ceftiofur sodium equivalent to 50 mg ceftiofur.	i don't know
Can you tell the TV game show from the consolation prize of a carriage clock	Mr and Mrs - UKGameshows Mr and Mrs Phillip Schofield (2008-) (and Fern Britton from 2008-10) Co-hosts Alan Taylor's assistant: Lynda Thomas Derek Batey's assistants: Susan Cuff (Miss Great Britain 1975) Donna Meyers (1983-88) Organist (HTV Wales version): Dudley Savage Announcer (Border version): Pat Doody Broadcast HTV Wales / Border for ITV, 1968-88 as The New Mr and Mrs Show HTV West for UK Living, 8 January 1995 to 1996 (2 series; some episodes shown on HTV West) Action Time in assiciation with Carlton for ITV, 19 March to 2 July 1999 (6 episodes in 1 series) ITV Productions and TalkbackThames for ITV1, 12 May 2007 ( Gameshow Marathon one-off) as All Star Mr and Mrs Celador for ITV1, 12 April 2008 to present Synopsis It's your husband and wife quiz game, Mr & Mrs! Two couples "from all over the British Isles" are each separately asked three multiple-choice questions selected from pink envelopes fanned out tantalisingly by the host, regarding their knowledge of their partner's everyday habits. Meanwhile their other half sits in a soundproof booth self-consciously listening to some "nice" music through some big headphones. Six out of six correct answers earned the couple the jackpot prize which rolled over by a tenner with each unsuccessful couple, thus sometimes into three figures. If the jackpot wasn't won, we think you just got a tenner for each correct answer. And a marvellous carriage clock, with all our love. Derek Batey It was remade for cable in 1994, called The New Mr and Mrs, and was still frankly tedious. Correct answers were worth £20 housekeeping money whilst all six correct earned them a lawnmower or something. Excellently though, the headphone-donning person did get to sit in a gazebo which must have been nice for them. Nino, Katrina and...that guy. In 1999, the show was reinvented as an ironic kitschfest, including - gasp! - gay couples. This was one of ITV's flagship shows to replace the now defunct News at Ten and to put it mildly it flopped. (Insert your own innuendo here.) It was withdrawn after only its second outing. (Insert your second innuendo here.) Same format but with somewhat racier questions. Six out of six got you a nice holiday (well, not you personally - the contestants). Anything less resulted in a prize from a collection including Mr and Mrs bathmats, toilet covers, teapots that sort of thing. The "highlight" was defiantly Julian mincing his way through the theme tune in his own inimitable style. Stacey and Julian. But let us take you back to the best known Batey version. Make no mistake, the carriage clock was the most lucrative reward for appearing on Mr & Mrs, as the cash prizes usually weren't up to much, even accounting for that ol' time seventies austerity. Presumably most of the budget went on Tony Hatch's PRS residuals and shipping up the contestants all the way up to Carlisle, which can't have been cheap. The prizes weren't actually that much better on the Clary version, with a couple of hundred quid or a weekend away somewhere failing to shine in the post-Millionaire TV environment. A couple comes on the set. The typical contestants on Mr & Mrs, popular memory has it, were not exactly in the full flush of youth. Derek Batey himself once took time out to email popular website TV Cream to chide them for peddling this unforgivable lie. "The couples who appeared were not all old. In fact great care was taken to ensure that all age groups were represented," scolded an indignant Derek, as our lifelong dream of joining the Water Rats crumbled before our eyes. It cannot be denied, though, that there were a lot of pensioners on the series, all of whom seemed to be celebrating a landmark matrimonial anniversary for Derek to coo over. A happy couple with Derek Batey. "The fact that it survived 20 years on television is to be congratulated," Batey boasted to us. It made him a reasonably big star - big enough to appear on Christmas 3-2-1 , anyway - and when glamorous hostess Susan Cuff got married to regional smoothie David Davies, it was big news on Look North West, believe us. Everyone remembers that twinkly Tony Hatch-composed theme tune. Derek even took the show on the road, and as the man himself insisted upon telling us, "The show is still very popular in cabaret and theatre format." And who are we to argue? Early photo of Derek Batey and his first assistant, Amy Hodgson Sometimes the Mr & Mrs inquisition could be a little on the tame side. Like "when you're having a meal at home, do you always have serviettes, sometimes have serviettes, or never have serviettes?" The show was also a favourite of Millionaire cheat accomplice Tecwen Whittock, who apparently hatched his coughing masterplan while tuned into Batey back in the seventies. But it's Julian Clary 's 1999 revival that tops the list here - the kind of idea that might have worked on paper but failed to gel on screen, because quiz shows never really work in inverted commas unless there's nothing at stake (cf Trick or Treat , Families at War ). It's a one-joke concept anyway - Julian Clary presents Mr and Mrs! Isn't that funny! - and he was lumbered with a useless sidekick in Stacey 'Paul's wife' Young. Helen McArthur(?) and Derek Batey Mr & Mrs got shifted all over the scheduling shop, beginning as a regional production in 1964 on Teledu Cymru as Sion a Sian . It was some years before the rest of the country got to see it on any sort of regular basis - or at all, apart from the one episode which turned up on Rediffusion London as a bank holiday special on Good Friday, 1965. It made sporadic appearances elsewhere in the late sixties before storming the network on October 16th 1972, although rarely did it get properly networked at the same time. Best remembered as an afternoon custard cream accompanier, or a regular in ITV's anything goes 5.15 slot, Mr & Mrs did briefly appear in Saturday primetimes in the late seventies, presumably the only Border programme ever to do so. It was here it pulled in its highest ever audience, eleven million, in August (obviously) 1977. By the eighties, though, it was firmly back on weekday afternoons, before the final few series got stripped across the morning schedules. It's not widely known that the original host was Alan Taylor (erm, he's on the right) We never understood how two ITV regions both seemed to be making the same show. In the seventies both Border and HTV Wales took turns in producing the series, each doing a few weeks at a time, and there was always a 'handover programme' when it changed to the other company. Alan Taylor was the host on the HTV Wales programme and Dudley Savage played an electronic organ, not only playing the signature tune live but also musical questions. Eventually, Batey won the day and it's the Border incarnation that most people recall, with its pink boudoir set, a tiny audience and the clacketty jackpot board. And then there was Sion a Sian , the orginal Welsh language version on HTV Cymru and S4C, and the UK Living revival, hosted by Children's ITV mullet man Nino Firetto and made by HTV West. It's all a bit confusing. Katrina Buchanan and Nino Firetto The Clary-fronted revival went out on Friday evenings at ten o'clock, one of the first programmes to replace News at Ten, but stiffed big-time and was dropped after two episodes. This was apparently due to "experiments with the schedules" with the promise they would find another slot for it. When it returned three months later, it was shown... on Friday evenings at ten o'clock. Somehow, they managed to show all the episodes. Stacey Young and Julian Clary Even after this mauling, Mr & Mrs was never going to be off our screens for long, and after a one-off revival in the 2007 Gameshow Marathon , ITV brought it back for a full series. Phillip Schofield and Fern Britton gently teased celebrities and their partners with an innocent air. For a shoestring show made by a tinpot ITV company and usually flung out in the afternoons, Mr & Mrs was remarkably successful and hugely enduring, and a programme everyone remembers to this day. In retrospect, the amateurish feel was part of the charm, and it was truly a show you could watch over the French Fancies with your gran. It was a cracking format, and you could play along at home, sort of. And we love any quiz where someone has to sit in a soundproof booth. Catchphrases "Blue questions on the top, Bill you stay with me and Jean, you go into our soundproof booth", "Oh dear, she said you always wear braces!" "The jackpot's gone up to £500!" "Be nice to each other!" Inventor Mr & Mrs! Be nice to each other! Mr & Mrs! We've gotta love one another! Think of the future, and all you're hoping for. Be nice to each other! Mr & Mrs! Friends and lovers! Mr & Mrs! Sharing each day for ever more! The Border theme was composed by Jackie Trent and Tony Hatch, incidentally. Meanwhile on the HTV Wales version, the theme music was Getting to Know You. Trivia As revealed on an edition of Noel's House Party , couples managed to beat the system by always going for the answer that was alphabetically first. It was the first British game show to feature a black hostess. The HTV Wales version used a candelabra as a consolation prize. True story - Derek Batey trying to settle down to a young Irish couple before filming starts: Batey: Did you have a good trip over from Ireland? Irish contestant: Yes, thank you. Batey: Did you arrive today or did you stay over last night? Irish contestant: We came across yesterday. Batey: Did you fly or take the ferry? Irish contestant: I don't know - me mammy booked the tickets. Derek Batey once appeared on a special quiz hosts' edition of The Weakest Link . In his introductory spiel to camera, he said, "On my show, I used to say, 'Be nice to each other', so what I'm doing on a show like this, I'll never know!" Some of the early editions of the show were filmed on location in Dumfries, Langholm, Castle Douglas (as seen below) and Gretna Green amongst others. When Mr and Mrs started its networked run, Border recorded the series at Tyne Tees Television in Newcastle (owing to a complete lack of colour facilities at their own studios in Harraby, Carlisle and apparently, a demand from those higher up in the ITV set-up that no black and white output would air in daytime). The revenue generated from the Newcastle series was spent on buying second-hand colour equipment for the Harraby studios. On one occasion at Tyne Tees, the production team found great difficulty in trying to record two shows featuring an euphoric studio audience dressed in Sunderland FC colours. It was earlier in the day that Sunderland had beaten Leeds United 2-1 to win the FA Cup. An episode of All-Star Mr and Mrs featuring Tito Jackson was scheduled to air on 4 July 2009, but was removed following the death of his brother Michael a week earlier. To the best of our knowledge, it's never aired. Merchandise	Mr & Mrs
Which Italian car manufacturer made the Strada	Mr and Mrs - UKGameshows Mr and Mrs Phillip Schofield (2008-) (and Fern Britton from 2008-10) Co-hosts Alan Taylor's assistant: Lynda Thomas Derek Batey's assistants: Susan Cuff (Miss Great Britain 1975) Donna Meyers (1983-88) Organist (HTV Wales version): Dudley Savage Announcer (Border version): Pat Doody Broadcast HTV Wales / Border for ITV, 1968-88 as The New Mr and Mrs Show HTV West for UK Living, 8 January 1995 to 1996 (2 series; some episodes shown on HTV West) Action Time in assiciation with Carlton for ITV, 19 March to 2 July 1999 (6 episodes in 1 series) ITV Productions and TalkbackThames for ITV1, 12 May 2007 ( Gameshow Marathon one-off) as All Star Mr and Mrs Celador for ITV1, 12 April 2008 to present Synopsis It's your husband and wife quiz game, Mr & Mrs! Two couples "from all over the British Isles" are each separately asked three multiple-choice questions selected from pink envelopes fanned out tantalisingly by the host, regarding their knowledge of their partner's everyday habits. Meanwhile their other half sits in a soundproof booth self-consciously listening to some "nice" music through some big headphones. Six out of six correct answers earned the couple the jackpot prize which rolled over by a tenner with each unsuccessful couple, thus sometimes into three figures. If the jackpot wasn't won, we think you just got a tenner for each correct answer. And a marvellous carriage clock, with all our love. Derek Batey It was remade for cable in 1994, called The New Mr and Mrs, and was still frankly tedious. Correct answers were worth £20 housekeeping money whilst all six correct earned them a lawnmower or something. Excellently though, the headphone-donning person did get to sit in a gazebo which must have been nice for them. Nino, Katrina and...that guy. In 1999, the show was reinvented as an ironic kitschfest, including - gasp! - gay couples. This was one of ITV's flagship shows to replace the now defunct News at Ten and to put it mildly it flopped. (Insert your own innuendo here.) It was withdrawn after only its second outing. (Insert your second innuendo here.) Same format but with somewhat racier questions. Six out of six got you a nice holiday (well, not you personally - the contestants). Anything less resulted in a prize from a collection including Mr and Mrs bathmats, toilet covers, teapots that sort of thing. The "highlight" was defiantly Julian mincing his way through the theme tune in his own inimitable style. Stacey and Julian. But let us take you back to the best known Batey version. Make no mistake, the carriage clock was the most lucrative reward for appearing on Mr & Mrs, as the cash prizes usually weren't up to much, even accounting for that ol' time seventies austerity. Presumably most of the budget went on Tony Hatch's PRS residuals and shipping up the contestants all the way up to Carlisle, which can't have been cheap. The prizes weren't actually that much better on the Clary version, with a couple of hundred quid or a weekend away somewhere failing to shine in the post-Millionaire TV environment. A couple comes on the set. The typical contestants on Mr & Mrs, popular memory has it, were not exactly in the full flush of youth. Derek Batey himself once took time out to email popular website TV Cream to chide them for peddling this unforgivable lie. "The couples who appeared were not all old. In fact great care was taken to ensure that all age groups were represented," scolded an indignant Derek, as our lifelong dream of joining the Water Rats crumbled before our eyes. It cannot be denied, though, that there were a lot of pensioners on the series, all of whom seemed to be celebrating a landmark matrimonial anniversary for Derek to coo over. A happy couple with Derek Batey. "The fact that it survived 20 years on television is to be congratulated," Batey boasted to us. It made him a reasonably big star - big enough to appear on Christmas 3-2-1 , anyway - and when glamorous hostess Susan Cuff got married to regional smoothie David Davies, it was big news on Look North West, believe us. Everyone remembers that twinkly Tony Hatch-composed theme tune. Derek even took the show on the road, and as the man himself insisted upon telling us, "The show is still very popular in cabaret and theatre format." And who are we to argue? Early photo of Derek Batey and his first assistant, Amy Hodgson Sometimes the Mr & Mrs inquisition could be a little on the tame side. Like "when you're having a meal at home, do you always have serviettes, sometimes have serviettes, or never have serviettes?" The show was also a favourite of Millionaire cheat accomplice Tecwen Whittock, who apparently hatched his coughing masterplan while tuned into Batey back in the seventies. But it's Julian Clary 's 1999 revival that tops the list here - the kind of idea that might have worked on paper but failed to gel on screen, because quiz shows never really work in inverted commas unless there's nothing at stake (cf Trick or Treat , Families at War ). It's a one-joke concept anyway - Julian Clary presents Mr and Mrs! Isn't that funny! - and he was lumbered with a useless sidekick in Stacey 'Paul's wife' Young. Helen McArthur(?) and Derek Batey Mr & Mrs got shifted all over the scheduling shop, beginning as a regional production in 1964 on Teledu Cymru as Sion a Sian . It was some years before the rest of the country got to see it on any sort of regular basis - or at all, apart from the one episode which turned up on Rediffusion London as a bank holiday special on Good Friday, 1965. It made sporadic appearances elsewhere in the late sixties before storming the network on October 16th 1972, although rarely did it get properly networked at the same time. Best remembered as an afternoon custard cream accompanier, or a regular in ITV's anything goes 5.15 slot, Mr & Mrs did briefly appear in Saturday primetimes in the late seventies, presumably the only Border programme ever to do so. It was here it pulled in its highest ever audience, eleven million, in August (obviously) 1977. By the eighties, though, it was firmly back on weekday afternoons, before the final few series got stripped across the morning schedules. It's not widely known that the original host was Alan Taylor (erm, he's on the right) We never understood how two ITV regions both seemed to be making the same show. In the seventies both Border and HTV Wales took turns in producing the series, each doing a few weeks at a time, and there was always a 'handover programme' when it changed to the other company. Alan Taylor was the host on the HTV Wales programme and Dudley Savage played an electronic organ, not only playing the signature tune live but also musical questions. Eventually, Batey won the day and it's the Border incarnation that most people recall, with its pink boudoir set, a tiny audience and the clacketty jackpot board. And then there was Sion a Sian , the orginal Welsh language version on HTV Cymru and S4C, and the UK Living revival, hosted by Children's ITV mullet man Nino Firetto and made by HTV West. It's all a bit confusing. Katrina Buchanan and Nino Firetto The Clary-fronted revival went out on Friday evenings at ten o'clock, one of the first programmes to replace News at Ten, but stiffed big-time and was dropped after two episodes. This was apparently due to "experiments with the schedules" with the promise they would find another slot for it. When it returned three months later, it was shown... on Friday evenings at ten o'clock. Somehow, they managed to show all the episodes. Stacey Young and Julian Clary Even after this mauling, Mr & Mrs was never going to be off our screens for long, and after a one-off revival in the 2007 Gameshow Marathon , ITV brought it back for a full series. Phillip Schofield and Fern Britton gently teased celebrities and their partners with an innocent air. For a shoestring show made by a tinpot ITV company and usually flung out in the afternoons, Mr & Mrs was remarkably successful and hugely enduring, and a programme everyone remembers to this day. In retrospect, the amateurish feel was part of the charm, and it was truly a show you could watch over the French Fancies with your gran. It was a cracking format, and you could play along at home, sort of. And we love any quiz where someone has to sit in a soundproof booth. Catchphrases "Blue questions on the top, Bill you stay with me and Jean, you go into our soundproof booth", "Oh dear, she said you always wear braces!" "The jackpot's gone up to £500!" "Be nice to each other!" Inventor Mr & Mrs! Be nice to each other! Mr & Mrs! We've gotta love one another! Think of the future, and all you're hoping for. Be nice to each other! Mr & Mrs! Friends and lovers! Mr & Mrs! Sharing each day for ever more! The Border theme was composed by Jackie Trent and Tony Hatch, incidentally. Meanwhile on the HTV Wales version, the theme music was Getting to Know You. Trivia As revealed on an edition of Noel's House Party , couples managed to beat the system by always going for the answer that was alphabetically first. It was the first British game show to feature a black hostess. The HTV Wales version used a candelabra as a consolation prize. True story - Derek Batey trying to settle down to a young Irish couple before filming starts: Batey: Did you have a good trip over from Ireland? Irish contestant: Yes, thank you. Batey: Did you arrive today or did you stay over last night? Irish contestant: We came across yesterday. Batey: Did you fly or take the ferry? Irish contestant: I don't know - me mammy booked the tickets. Derek Batey once appeared on a special quiz hosts' edition of The Weakest Link . In his introductory spiel to camera, he said, "On my show, I used to say, 'Be nice to each other', so what I'm doing on a show like this, I'll never know!" Some of the early editions of the show were filmed on location in Dumfries, Langholm, Castle Douglas (as seen below) and Gretna Green amongst others. When Mr and Mrs started its networked run, Border recorded the series at Tyne Tees Television in Newcastle (owing to a complete lack of colour facilities at their own studios in Harraby, Carlisle and apparently, a demand from those higher up in the ITV set-up that no black and white output would air in daytime). The revenue generated from the Newcastle series was spent on buying second-hand colour equipment for the Harraby studios. On one occasion at Tyne Tees, the production team found great difficulty in trying to record two shows featuring an euphoric studio audience dressed in Sunderland FC colours. It was earlier in the day that Sunderland had beaten Leeds United 2-1 to win the FA Cup. An episode of All-Star Mr and Mrs featuring Tito Jackson was scheduled to air on 4 July 2009, but was removed following the death of his brother Michael a week earlier. To the best of our knowledge, it's never aired. Merchandise	i don't know
Which union was in dispute with British Airways and called strike action in March 2010	British Airways cabin crew strike begins \| Business \| The Guardian British Airways cabin crew strike begins Picket lines and standby queues grow at Heathrow after last-ditch talks between BA and Unite union collapse British Airways planes sit at Heathrow airport as the three-day cabin crew strike gets under way. Photograph: Matt Dunham/AP Close This article is 6 years old British Airways cabin crew today began three days of strike action which will cause severe disruption for tens of thousands of the airline's passengers. Last-ditch talks between BA and the Unite union, which represents the crew, collapsed acrimoniously yesterday, with BA warning that unless a new framework is drawn up it will scrap an agreement that gives shop stewards the use of company offices and time off to represent members. Unite said early indications were that its 12,000 members were solidly supporting the three-day walkout, called in response to BA's decision to cut staffing levels on every flight by at least one crew member. Picket lines were set up at airports including Heathrow , which will be the worst affected by the strike. Unite said more than 80 BA planes were grounded at the airport and so far no buses that transport crew to work had crossed picket lines. BA said more than 60% of long-haul flights would operate at Heathrow, although only 30% of short-haul flights were expected to do so. Many BA passengers at Heathrow's Terminal 5, from where most of its flights operate, said the only difference was that many of their flights were operated by other companies. American Jodi Rogers, 39, who is returning to Boston after a holiday, said: "As far as I know we are flying with BA and it's on time. So far, there has been no trouble." But Par Svensson, 47, from Sweden, had his flight to Copenhagen cancelled this morning due to the strike and he was waiting at the terminal to see whether he could catch a later flight to get home for his son's birthday. "I'm on standby for a flight and I will find out soon if I get on board. To be sure, I'm booked on a flight tonight from Stansted," he said. At Gatwick, all long-haul flights and more than half of short-haul flights were expected to operate as normal, while all flights to and from London City airport were expected to fly as scheduled. BA said 65% of passengers would still be able to reach their destination during the strike, although 1,100 of the 1,950 scheduled flights would be cancelled. In a bid to break the strike, BA is using 1,000 volunteer cabin crew and 22 chartered jets, including three Ryanair planes complete with flight attendants. The company said it was confident of handling as many as 49,000 passengers today and the same number tomorrow, which compares with a figure of around 75,000 for a normal weekend day in March. It has warned that the strike could disrupt flights into next week. Another four days of industrial action are set to begin on 27 March and further action is expected from mid-April unless the deadlock is broken. Unite's joint leader, Tony Woodley, accused BA of wanting a "war" with the union and complained that the BA chief executive, Willie Walsh, had tabled a worse offer than one withdrawn last week. Woodley said today that he had been set "mission impossible" because of the new offer, which included a four-year pay deal which the union maintained would at best freeze wages until 2014. The union had offered a 2.6% pay cut this year as part of a three-year deal. Woodley said: "The disruption that passengers will inevitably experience over the next three days could have been spared had BA grasped that you cannot put an offer on the table one day, take it off the next and then come back with a worse one a few days later. "To expect this union to recommend to its members any such proposal shows an insecure grasp of industrial relations reality. "Unite remains available at any time to talk to BA. We urge them to think again about what is truly in the long-term best interests of this great airline." Labour MP John McDonnell, whose Hayes and Harlington constituency includes Heathrow airport, said: "This dispute is a prime example of the current industrial relations climate, with the employer not only seeking to win but to break the union too. "This is an indication of the coming disputes, and requires maximum solidarity. We need to learn the lessons and co-ordinate industrial action across the economy if we are to ensure ordinary people do not pay for this crisis." One industrial relations expert said if BA ended its current arrangement with Unite, which stipulates how much work airline employees can do for the union and what facilities they can use, it would reduce co-operation to the "bare minimum". The failure of the peace talks is a bitter blow to Gordon Brown , who is desperate to banish the spectre of large-scale industrial action 46 days before the likely election date.	Unite
What did the media nickname John Prescott	BBC News - BA strike will cost airline �7m a day, it says Three men at the centre of BA row At Gatwick, BA's contingency plans, which include using pilots as cabin crew and leasing ready-crewed aircraft, meant four out of five flights before 1700 GMT went ahead. For Glasgow, the figure was 10 cancellations out of 40 flights, while at Manchester there were 15 cancellations out of 42 in total on BA's online schedule. Over the weekend, the total level of disruption was higher, according to a BA statement, when 42% of flights were cancelled on Saturday and Sunday. Speaking to striking cabin crew at a rally near Heathrow, Unite's joint leader Tony Woodley said the union was still willing to negotiate and urged BA to "come back" to the negotiating table. Mr Woodley confirmed that he had been talking to Gordon Brown about the strike and was grateful for his attempts to encourage the two sides to reach a negotiated settlement. According to his spokesperson, the Prime Minister was keeping "very closely in touch" with the situation and was very conscious of the impact the dispute was having on passengers. Ongoing impact In a statement issued to the stock exchange about its operations over the weekend, the airline said that over the first two days of the strike, it operated 78% of its long-haul flights and 50% of short-haul. AT THE SCENE By Louisa Baldini, BBC News, near Heathrow Red and white Unite banners and flags are peppered across the car park of a little football club on the outskirts of Heathrow, where strikers have been gathering for three days. "Willie liar, pants on fire" they chant, referring to the airline's chief executive Mr Walsh. The crowd of between two and three hundred have been more vocal today than over the weekend, boosted by a visit and rousing talk from one of their union's leaders, Tony Woodley. "After three days of being here, we needed that boost", one of the strikers tells me. "There is a real feeling of solidarity." As for the possibility of a settlement, most strikers I speak to believe the only hope is if negotiations by-pass Willie Walsh. Otherwise they are resigned to returning to the picket lines on Saturday. "We'd rather not, we'd rather be at work, but if we have to, we will." It said it had operated another 70 "positioning" flights, in most cases carrying cargo, which the airline said had returned passengers home "with minimum disruption". The next round of industrial action will begin on 27 March, bringing with it more disruption if a resolution cannot be reached before then. In the meantime, BA said the current three-day stoppage would continue to affect its operations this week after cabin crew return to work. "We are sorry for any cancellations, as we get our aircraft, pilots and cabin crew back into the correct positions around the world," the airline said in a statement. "We are contacting customers and offering them a full refund, a rebook or a re-route so that they can get to their destinations." But it said the "vast majority" of passengers would be unaffected. "The knock-on impact at Heathrow is far less than anticipated due to the numbers of cabin crew who came to work as normal over the past weekend." The Unite union argues that the actual number who turned up for work is much lower than BA claims. Cuts and losses The strike action is the latest episode in a long-running dispute over changes to pay and conditions by BA that Unite claims are being unfairly imposed on its members. Workers are particularly angry that last November BA reduced the number of crew on long-haul flights and is introducing a two-year pay freeze from 2010. The airline also proposed new contracts with lower pay for fresh recruits. BA suffered a loss before tax of £342m for the nine months to the end of December 2009 and says it needs to cut costs in order to survive. Bookmark with:	i don't know
What type of stone is The Blarney Stone made from	Why do people kiss the Blarney Stone? - Ask History Ask History March 11, 2015 By Elizabeth Nix Share From Ireland's national symbol to its average beer consumption, get the facts on the Emerald Isle. Share this: Why do people kiss the Blarney Stone? Author Why do people kiss the Blarney Stone? URL Google Kissing Ireland’s Blarney Stone, a tradition that’s been around for several centuries, is said to give a person the gift of eloquence and persuasiveness. The iconic stone is set in a wall of Blarney Castle, constructed in 1446 by Dermot McCarthy, king of Munster, on the site of a demolished 13th century castle. Various legends surround the Blarney Stone’s origins. One story holds it was acquired during the Crusades and brought to Ireland, while another tale claims it was made from the same material used at Stonehenge. An additional account links it to the Stone of Scone (also called the Stone of Destiny), which was used for hundreds of years in the coronation of Scottish and English monarchs, while yet another legend contends it was a gift from Robert the Bruce, king of Scots, to Cormac McCarthy, king of Munster, for sending men to help Bruce defeat the English at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. However, in 2014, geologists from the University of Glasgow shed some light on the Blarney Stone’s heritage when they concluded that the famous rock isn’t from Scotland but instead is made of 330-million-year-old limestone local to the south of Ireland. The word “blarney,” meaning skillful flattery or nonsense, supposedly came into use following an incident involving the head of the McCarthy family and Queen Elizabeth I, who ruled England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603. The queen sent the earl of Leicester to seize Blarney Castle but the talkative McCarthy managed to keep stalling him. The queen grew exasperated by the earl’s reports about the lack of progress in the matter and uttered something to the effect that the reports were all “Blarney.” Today, people travel from around the globe to give the Blarney Stone a peck (which must be done by leaning backward while holding onto two railings). Winston Churchill is among the notable figures who’ve kissed the stone, doing so in 1912 when he was First Lord of the Admiralty. Who’s to say that smooch didn’t bestow a little eloquence on Churchill, who went on to become British prime minister in 1940 and earn a reputation as a masterful orator? Tags	Limestone
Who played DI Harry Naylor in the police drama series Between the Lines	St. Patrick's Day 2015: Why Do People Kiss The Blarney Stone? : CULTURE : Tech Times St. Patrick's Day 2015: Why Do People Kiss The Blarney Stone? 16 March 2015, 2:35 pm EDT By Laura Rosenfeld Tech Times ( Neil Rickards \| Flickr ) Advertisement It's St. Patrick's Day season, and that means it's a time to celebrate all things Irish. Just as this holiday is filled with tradition, so is Irish culture, and one of the most famous customs is kissing the Blarney Stone. The Blarney Stone isn't a euphemism for anything one would actually like to kiss. It is a real-live, actual, centuries-old stone in the wall below the battlements of Blarney Castle in Cork, Ireland. Kissing a stone sounds like one of the more uncomfortable activities you could do with your time, but this isn't a world-famous tradition that Blarney Castle visitors line up to do today for nothing. There's actually a good reason to smooch this stone. Kissing the Blarney Stone is said to bestow "the gift of eloquence," otherwise known as the gift of gab or just being a really good talker, upon those who pucker up. However, such a powerful gift does not come easily. To properly kiss the Blarney Stone, the kisser must lean backwards and essentially kiss the stone upside down. At one time, visitors were held by the ankles and lowered head first over the battlements to smooch the stone, so things have actually improved considerably. (Photo : Three Lions \| Getty Images) The word "blarney" means "skillful flattery," "nonsense" or "humbug," according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary. As such, the word "blarney" is said to have originated from one incident where Queen Elizabeth I of England ordered the Earl of Leicester to seize Blarney Castle, but the head of the elite McCarthy family of Ireland was so talkative that he wasn't able to complete the mission. According to legend, the queen was so frustrated with the earl's progress, or lack thereof, that she called his reports "blarney." The reason why people kiss the Blarney Stone isn't even the most fascinating part about it. There's actually a big debate over the stone's origins. Some say the Blarney Stone arrived at Blarney Castle by way of Scotland as a gift from King Robert the Bruce to Cormac McCarthy, King of Munster, as a sign of gratitude for lending some extra men to help him win the battle of Bannockburn in 1314. The stone, thought to be part of the Stone of Scone, was later placed in the battlements of Blarney Castle. Much later, a witch saved from drowning by one of the lords of Blarney is said to have revealed to him the location and power of the stone. Another theory is that the Blarney Stone was the biblical stone Jacob used as a pillow when he had a vision of God in his sleep , and it was brought to Ireland by the prophet Jeremiah. It was said to have been used as an "oracular throne" for kings akin to the Sorting Hat from the Harry Potter series, according to Blarney Castle's official website. Other theories say the stone was the deathbed pillow of St. Columba on the island of Iona, it was brought to Ireland after the Crusades and it was made from the same rocks as Stonehenge. (Photo : Sara Kirby \| Flickr) Blarney Castle. Clearly, all of these stories cannot be true, and luckily we have science to solve yet another mystery. Geologists at the University of Glasgow's Hunterian museum discovered in 2014 that the Blarney Stone is made of limestone and other materials native to Ireland. "This strongly supports views that the stone is made of local carboniferous limestone, about 330m years old, and indicates that it has nothing to do with the Stonehenge bluestones, or the sandstone of the current 'Stone of Destiny', now in Edinburgh Castle," John Faithfull, the curator of the Hunterian, told The Guardian in 2014 . It's still unclear if kissing the Blarney Stone really does give you "the gift of eloquence," but there's only one way to find out. Photo: Neil Rickards \| Flickr	i don't know
What is the family name of the Duke of Norfolk	Family Facts Click here for more information about Howard Family Genealogy items (and other surnames too! Howard is an ancient name whose history on English soil dates back to before the wave of emigration that followed the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Howard or Howart, is a cognate of the Old Norse name Haward and means "high" or "chief" warden. Occasionally, the surname Howard may have been applied to someone who worked at a dairy farm at which female sheep were kept. In this case, the derivation is from the Old English words "eowu," which means "ewe," and "hierde," which means "herd." The name also came to Britain with the Normans, where it came from the Old French name Huard or the Old German name Howard. The former name is derived from the Old German name Hugihard, which literally means "heart-brave." First found in in Cumberland, England, where they were seated from very ancient times, some say well before the Norman Conquest and the arrival of Duke William at Hastings in 1066. For four centuries the Howard family stood at the head of English nobility. The Howard family can definitely trace their ancestry back to Sir William Howard living under the first of two Edwards from 1297 to 1308. It was in the stirring days of Edward I that the first Howard made his home at East Wynch. This was Master William Howard, afterwards to become Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and a knight. Of his parentage we know nothing, although the probabilities are that he belonged either to a burgess family of Lynn, or else to some substantial yeoman stock of the neighborhood. He may have been either of Danish or of English descent. Northwest Norfolk was as much a district of the Danes as it was of the Angles ;"and both races sought refuge in its marshy fastnesses after the Norman conquest, gradually emerging from their hiding places as the laws of the invader grew less rigorous. But it must also be remembered that the shores of the Wash sheltered searovers of many different breeds, and that there are evidences, especially in local place-names, of a stubbornly rooted British population. The surname which Howard bore tells us little in this direction. As it stands, it might well be of Scandinavian origin, and the sea-going tastes of so many early Howards seem to indicate a Viking strain; or the original form may possibly have been "Hereward". There certainly was a rich burgess of Lynn, William Hereward by name, who flourished early in Henry III's reign ; but neither the Chief Justice himself, or any of his descendants, ever spelled their patronymic thus, although they use many other forms, such as Heyward, Heiward, Haward, and Harrard. The Hereward theory has inspired certain genealogists to deduce the descent of the ducal line of Norfolk from Hereward the Wake, "last of the Saxons"; but the derivation most favored by the matter-of-fact is the simple one of " Heyward", which was a title bestowed in old England upon the functionary who guarded the barns and haggards of a farm or village. "The warden of a common is still so called in some parts of the country. It is interesting to note the various pedigrees, more or less splendid, upon which the professional heralds have attempted at different periods to graft the Howard stock. Instead of helping to unravel the puzzle, these tabarded flatterers have so confused the evidences at their command that today the very name of Justice William Howard's father is unknown and will probably remain so forever. Perhaps the most absurd of these gorgeous lines of descent is that quoted in Collins' Peerage, "on the authority of three heralds of high repute." But, in truth, the pedigree which flaunts itself unblushingly in Burke's Peerage, tracing the Howards to "Hereward the Wake", rests upon no better foundation; and if there were even a tradition in the Judge's time of any such descent (and there must have been, had any such descent existed), some memorial of the fact would have figured in the Howard arms. It is satisfactory to find that one of the first to set aside these vain imaginings was himself a Howard, Henry Howard of Corby, who, in his "Memorials", describes the worthy Judge's ancestors as " gentry of small estate, probably of Saxon origin, living at home, intermarrying with their neighbors, and witnessing each other's deeds of conveyance and contract." Mr. Henry Howard makes the Judge a grandson of "Robert Howard of Terrington and Wiggenhall," and a son of "John Howard, by his wife Lucy Germund"; but even of this modest claim there is no tangible proof. That Robert Howard owned lands in Wiggenhall and Terrington cannot be denied; but the deeds and charters show that while he purchased some of this property, presumably out of his legal earnings, the remainder came to him with his wife, Alice Fitton of Wiggenhall St. Germans. It is to be feared that we must accept Dugdale's dictum, and look upon William Howard of East Wynch as the first of his Howard line. How did William Howard become the Duke of Norfolk? Before the Dukes of Norfolk, there were the Bigod Earls of Norfolk, starting with Roger Bigod from Normandy (died 1107). Their male line ended with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, who died without an heir in 1307, so their titles and estates reverted to the crown. Edward II then created his brother Thomas of Brotherton earl in 1312. It passed to his daughter Margaret, and then to her grandson Thomas Mowbray. When King Richard II created Thomas Mowbray duke in 1397, he conferred upon him the estates and titles (including Earl Marshal) that had belonged to the Bigod earls. His elderly grandmother Margaret was still alive, and so at the same time she was created Duchess of Norfolk for life. Between 1397 and 1476, the Mowbray family held the title and estates of the Duke of Norfolk. John Mowbray, the 4th duke, died without male issue in 1476, his only surviving child being the 3-year-old Anne Mowbray. At the age 5, Anne was arranged to marry Richard, Duke of York, the 4-year-old son of King Edward IV of England. She remained Richard's wife until she died at the age of 8. In accordance with the marriage arrangements, Richard inherited the lands and wealth of the Mowbray family. He was also made Duke of Norfolk. However, upon the death of Edward IV, controversy over the legitimacy arose, as evidence of an earlier marriage on the part of Edward IV emerged. Soon after their father's death Richard, and his brother Edward, were declared illegitimate. Richard was sent to the Tower of London by the new king, Richard III, in mid-1483, thus ending his claim to both York and Norfolk. For his support of Richard III's claim to the throne, John Howard , the son of Thomas Mowbray's elder daughter Margaret, was created 1st Duke of Norfolk in 1483, in the title's third creation. From this point to the present, the title has remained in the hands of the descendants of John Howard. The current Duke of Norfolk is His Grace Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, who succeeded his father, Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk, in 2002. Early American Howard Settlers Some of the first settlers of the Howard name or some of its variants were: John Howard settled in Virginia in 1622; William Howard settled in Virginia in 1635; John Howard settled in Virginia in 1634; James Howard settled in Virginia in 1656 and others. Surnames as we know them today were first assumed in Europe from the 11th to the 15th centuries. They were not in use in England and Scotland before the Norman conquest of 1066, and were first found in the Domesday book. The use of a second name, a custom introduced by the Normans (who themselves had adopted it not long before) became in course of time a mark of gentle blood, and it was deemed a disgrace for a gentleman to have but one single name as meaner people had. It was not until the reign of Edward II (1307 - 1327) that the practice became general amongst all people in England. These names were adopted according to fairly general principles and can generally be divided into four classifications: Local names are taken from place of origin. (e.g. Hill). Occupational names denote the trade or profession of early users. (e.g. Miller). Nicknames describe mental or physical characteristics, clothes etc. (e.g. Strong). Patronymic names used a father's first name as the last name of his son. (e.g. John). HOWARD is an English patronymic name from the Norman given name HUARD and HEWARD, which came from the elements: hug = heart, mind + hard = hardy, brave. and from an Old Norse name HAWARD, from elements ha = high + var�r = guardian. HEWARD, HEWART, HUART are variations of the Norman form. HAWARD is a variation of the Norse. English/Norman patronymic versions include HEWARTSON, HEWERTSON, HUARTSON and HUERTSON. HAYWARD is an English occupational name that described the man who protected the enclosed forest or other land from damage by vandals, poachers, or animals. It comes from Old English: hay = enclosure + ward = guardian. HEYWARD and HAWARD are variations. Some other variations are HAYWORD and HEYWORD... Lord William Howard, First Baron Howard of Effingham, eldest son of Thomas, Second Duke of Norfolk, by Agnes his second Duchess in 1510, having been employed by Henry VIII, and Edward VI in numerous confidential missions to foreign courts, was elevated to the Peerage in the first year of the reign of Queen Mary, in March 1554, as Baron Howard of Effingham, Surrey, and was constituted upon the 20th of the same month as Lord-High-Admiral of Her Majesty's Dominions. His Lordship was installed as a Knight of the Garter in December of the same year. Lord Howard of Effingham in the Reign of Elizabeth, held the office of Lord Chamberlain to the Household, and afterwards that of lord-Privy-Seal. The surname Howard has been worn by many distinguished bearers, although none more so than the aforementioned. It appears to derive from the Old Germanic name "Hugihard", denoting one strong of heart, or very brave. This first name has given rise to several other patronymic surnames other than Howard, including Huart, Heward, Hewart, etc., although another German term "howart", denoting "high chief", or "warden, could also have been the origin of Howard. Among the earliest written references we read of Huardus Houart in the Domesday Book in 1086, and one called Willelmus filius Huward was mentioned in the Pipe Rolls for Northumberland in 1170. In Ireland the name does duty for O'Hiomhair in county Clare, where it was formerly O'Hure. Click here for more information about Howard Family Genealogy items (and other surnames too! The Howard family are sometimes called England's second family. They are headed by the Duke of Norfolk, Premier Peer of the Realm. While legendary pedigrees trace the family to the 10th century, indisputable descent begins with Sir William Howard (died 1308), a judge who was in the House of Commons in the Model Parliament of 1295. His great-great-great-grandson, Sir Robert Howard, married Lady Margaret Mowbray, elder daughter of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk. The line of Dukes died out in 1476 and the heiress of the last Duke, Anne Mowbray, died a girl of nine in 1481; after declaring her widower Richard, Duke of York illegitimate, Richard III of England created the son of Sir Richard and Lady Margaret, John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk of a new creation on June 28, 1483, the 200th anniversary of the Barony of Mowbray to which he was also senior co-heir. John had previously been summoned to Parliament as Lord Howard by Edward IV. He was also created hereditary Earl Marshal. Both the Dukedom and Earl Marshalship have been the subject of repeated attainders and restorations in the 15th to 17th centuries. Before Charles II restored the titles for good, the Howards had inherited the ancient title of Earl of Arundel through an heiress, and formed additional branches that have continued to this day. In order of genealogical seniority: The Barons Howard of Penrith descend from a younger son of the 6th Duke. The Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire descend from the 2nd son of the 4th Duke.	Howard family
In which country were the Ton Ton Macout secret police active	Thomas HOWARD (3ï¿½ D. Norfolk) Thomas Howard by Hans Holbein in 1539 He holds the Earl Marshall's baton and the Lord Treasurer's stave Royal Collection, St. James' Palace English nobleman, a master of survival in the treacherous political climate of Henry VIII 's Court, described by Ludovico Falieri, Venetian Ambassador in Nov 1531 as 'prudent, liberal, affable and astute; associates with everybody, has very great experience in political government, discusses the affairs of the world admirably, aspires to greater elevation, and bears ill-will to foreigners... small and spare in person, his hair is black...'. His own education and instincts were old fashioned; in religion and politics, Norfolk was a conservative, unimpressed by the new ideas of the reformers and uncomfortable with the low born "new men" of the Tudor Court. He claimed the deference due the leader of the traditional nobility, yet recognized uneasily that loyalty, ability and service counted as much as or more than ancient tittle to the Tudors. Thomas was the first son of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (afterwards the second Duke of Norfolk) and his first wife, Elizabeth Tilney , widow of Sir Humphrey Bourchier. Thomas and his brothers received a medieval education, studying Latin and French, and the usual course of grammar, rethoric, logic, some arithmetic and a bit of music. Thomas may have shared the latter stages of his education with his half brother, John Bourchier, second lord Berners . Old enough at his grandfather death's to have spent time at John Howard 's house at Tendring Hall, in 1484, Thomas Howard was brought to Court and bethroted to Anne Plantagenet, daughter of Edward IV and niece to Richard III. With his brother Edward , he was placed in Henry VII 's household as a page. There they learned subservience to the new dynasty while being trained as gentlemen and serving as hostages to Surrey 's repeatedly tested loyalty. Married with Anne 4 Feb 1495 at Westminster Abbey, thus became brother-in-law to Henry VII . Howard would be landless and penniless until the death of the dowager Duchess of Norfolk (who survived until 1507), and Anne had nothing but her name, so relatives had to provide for the couple. Queen Elizabeth provided her sister with twenty shillings a week for food and drink, and paid for personal retinue of two women, a young maid, a gentleman, a yeoman and three grooms. Surrey gave them the use of a number of manors, and was compensated by the crown with an annuity of ï¿½120, probably indicating the value of the lands. Although Thomas and Anne had a number of children, none lived to maturity. The longest lived, Thomas, was born about 1497, and died Aug 1508, buried in the Howard Chapel at Lambeth. Anne herself seems to have suffered poor health, and died early, for consumption, in 1512. After seventeen years of marriage, Thomas was left a childless widower. The Howards overcame the disgrace of their support of Richard III because Surrey and his sons proved useful to Henry VII . Like Richard before him, Henry needed loyal support to establish and maintain his power. The Earl of Surrey was constantly at Court and in council, serving as the only prominent titled noble among the King 's ecclesiastical circle. During the reign of Henry VII there are a little information about Howard. In the spring of 1497, Thomas Howard began his military career, joining some fifty gentlemen and knights sent to quell a rising of Cornishmen which culminated at Blackheath on 17 Jun. Having earned his spurs, Thomas was sent north to join his father, who was serving as lord lieutenant against the Scots. After a series of skirmishes and raids, James IV of Scotland and Henry VII made a truce in Sep 1497 that led to peace treaty in Jan 1502. For their part in the fighting, Thomas and his brother Edward were knighted by their father at Ayton Castle in Sep. In 1503, when his father escorted Margaret Tudor to Scotland, the entire family went along. Thomas also accompanied his father on an embassy to Flanders in 1507. During the rest of the reign of Henry VII , there are only scattered snatches of information about Sir Thomas Howard. For the most part, Sir Thomas and his wife lived quietly at Stoke and Lambeth. Thomas was involved in a few land deals with his father which have left traces in the public records and in 1506 was pardoned, along with his brother Edward and several other men, for an illegal entry upon a manor belonging to the estate of the late John Grey, lord Lisle. Despite ample contact with the King , Thomas never became a favorite, and was little employed in public business, even as his father's adjunct. At the death of Henry VII in Apr 1509 Sir Thomas Howard was named one of the lords attendant for the funeral, and with his father was issued black velvet livery of mourning. Thomas Howard also joined in the tournament held to celebrate the coronation. Henry VIII did not attempt feats of arms in his own honor, but there were many knights at court who did. Thomas, Edward and Edmund Howard, as well as Richard Grey (brother of the Marquis of Dorset ), Charles Brandon and Sir Thomas Knyvett (brother-in-law of the Howards) rode as challengers against Henry 's answerers, who included Sir John Carre. On the first day, Thomas Howard and Carre won prizes as the most skillful combatants in the tournaments. Thomas was being paid five hundred marks along with Sir John Carre on 24 May for his services in Henry VII 's funeral and Henry VIII 's coronation. After being nominated to the Order of the Garter but not elected in 1509, on 27 Apr 1510 Thomas Howard was added to that Order. In Aug 1511 Thomas and Edward Howard were sent out to engage Andrew Barton, a favorite sea captain of James IV. In the ensuing fight, a full-scale sea battle in the Channel, Barton was killed, and his two ships, the Lion and Jenny Perwin, captured. In Oct the Holy League was signed at Rome, and Henry and Ferdinand of Spain agreed soon after that an English assault on France would commence by 30 Apr 1512. Now the Howards found fresh employment. Surrey was sent to watch over the north of the realm, Edward was given a command at sea, and Thomas and Edmund with their future brother-in-law Rhys ap Griffith joined the English army supporting Ferdinand's invasion of southern France. Thomas Grey, 2ï¿½ Marquis of Dorset was named commander of the army in Spain; Thomas Howard was commissioned as Dorset's second in command. Henry had not yet learned how little he could trust his father-in-law Ferdinand, and the expedition was a fiasco. By 8 Jul, Thomas wrote to Cardinal Wolsey to outline the English plight but also to assure him that the troops were in good order, not yet troubled by sickness as were the Spanish soldiers; but already Howard saw hints of disaster. The Spanish, he wrote, would not extend the English any aid, for they loved money better than their own kin. This letter is the first important surviving document written by Thomas Howard. After his first wifeï¿½s death he married Elizabeth , daughter of Edward Stafford, 3d Duke of Buckingham . Elizabeth, who was about nineteen to Howard's forty, had been one of Catalina de Aragon 's attendants, and perhaps a member of the Queen 's household, as were several Stafford aunts, Buckingham 's sisters. The arrangements were made swiftly. Brushing aside the inconvenience of Elizabeth 's romance with the young Ralph Neville (later forth earl of Westmorland), Buckingham gave his daughter to Howard, and by Easter they were married. The Duke settled an annuity of five hundred marks on Elizabeth and gave Howard a dowry of twenty-five hundred marks. Added to his new wife connections, he was related to many noble families by his father, grandfather and sisters marriages, including those of the earls of Derby, Oxford, Sussex, Bridgewater, Devon and Wiltshire; as well as baronial clans such the Lisles and Dacres. If second cousins are considered, there was hardly a Tudor peer who was not Thomas Howard's kin. On 12 Aug 1512 his brother-in-law Thomas Knyvett was killed in a foolhardy adventure at sea off Brest battling the French. Edward Howard vowed to avenge Knyvett's death and as a result was himself killed on 25 April 1513. Edward 's death deprived the Howards of Henry 's favorite of Surrey 's sons, but did bring Thomas Howard new duties. On 25 Apr, he was appointed Lord Admiral in succession to his brother, and by 7 May had arrived at Plymouth to view the shambles of the royal fleet. He fought against the Scots at Flodden and became, in 1514, Earl of Surrey when his father was made Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Howard the younger established himself as an important soldier and sailor and, with the prize of the earldom of Surrey won at Flodden , moved out of his father's shadow to became a man of importance in his own right. In Apr 1525, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, pursued the guardship of Elizabeth Marney, of one of the two daughters and co-heirs of John, second Lord Marney of Layer Marney {d. 1525), by the latter's wife, Christian, daughter and sole heir of Roger Newburgh. Although he found necessary to write to his enemy, the Cardinal Wolsey , on 4 Apr, to gain the favor of the King in this case. This letter was writing while Marney was on his deathbed, hardly in good taste, but haste and determination were essential in obtaining choice wardship to exploit. Norfolk obtained the wardship of Elizabeth Marney at the end of May of 1526 and purchased the right of her marriage from the master of the King 's wards in Apr 1529. Elizabeth Marney, on the death without issue of her sister, Catherine, Lady Poynings, inherited all the Marney estates {Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. iv.). Norfolk at first intended Elizabeth Marney for his eldest son, the Earl of Surrey , but eventually bestowed her hand upon the oungest, Lord Thomas , afterwards Viscount Bindon, on 14 May 1533, at Norfolk House in Lambeth. Around 1526 Norfolk noticed a woman who was a part of the ducal household at Kenninghall. Elizabeth Holland, known as Bess, was the daughter (some sources say the sister) of John Holland of Wartwell Hall, Norfolkï¿½s secretary and one of his stewards; and a kinswoman, probably a niece, of John Hussey, 1st baron Hussey of Sleaford . She became his mistress. Because of the letters left by Elizabeth Stafford, Duchess of Norfolk , there is a good deal of confusion about Bess Holland. Since she was a gentlewoman, she was probably not a laundress in the household, or the childrenï¿½s nurse. She may have been their governess. She was certainly on good terms with Mary Howard , Norfolkï¿½s daughter. The records left by the Duchess of Norfolk paint Bess Holland as a villainess and the Duke as a monster, but the truth is probably less dramatic. Bess was his mistress for some twenty years. In 1530, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk found himself in trouble over what he must have considered a mere formality, the requirement for the King 's assent to all marriages within the peerage. Norfolk arranged for his eldest daughter, Catherine, to wed Edward Stanley , whose family had long held considerable influence in the north of the realm. Henry choose to view the arrangement as an abduction of the twenty year old Derby , who was still legally a minor. On 21 Feb 1530, Norfolk was forced to sue for pardon and post a bond with the King , but was still allowed to carry the marriage to conclusion. Catherine Howard was at least twenty two years old when a few weeks later, on 16 Mar 1530, died suddenly of the plague. Anxious not to loose this alliance the Duke arranged for his half-sister, Dorothy to become Derby 's second wife. Norfolk considered the Derby marriage to be so important that he 'had no had a sister to offer he would have proposed his oher daughter...' who has been promised to the King bastard son, the Duke of Richmond . He served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1520ï¿½21). Succeeding his father as Lord High Treasurer in 1522 and as Duke of Norfolk in 1524, Norfolk led the opposition to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey . He supported Henry VIII ï¿½s divorce from Catalina de Aragon and his marriage to his niece Anne Boleyn . Norfolk brought her to court in the hopes of attracting the King , actively campaigned for her advancement in the hopes of furthering his own political fortunes. When Anne Boleyn was created Marquess of Pembroke, Bess Holland was one of her maids of honor. When Anne fell from grace, Norfolk jumped to the side of her accusers and took part in her downfall. Bess Holland was still at court in 1537 when she rode in the funeral cortege of Queen Jane Seymour . Norfolk was ready to do whatever it took, even sacrifice his religion and his family, to retain the King 's favor and further his ambitions. Norfolk's ambitions were: first, to make the Howard family the most influential family in England; if possible, to place a Howard on the throne; to be in a position that was invulnerable to royal whims and rages; and in the darkest days, as one plan after another miscarried, to keep his head. Although Norfolk conducted the campaign against the Pilgrimage of Grace , he remained Catholic. In 1537, he was the godfather of Prince Edward , the first legitimate son of King Henry . The birth of Edward weakened Norfolk's position and left the Seymours entrenched at court despite Queen Jane 's death. Norfolk was prepared to make alliance with the upstarts, and so he offered to wed his daughter Mary to Hertford 's younger brother Sir Thomas Seymour . Norfolk averred gamely that, after all, there was much to be said for noble-commoner matches; "there ensueth no grete good by the conjunction of grete bloodes together". To the surprise of everyone, and certainly to Norfolk's great chagrï¿½n, the Dowager Duchess of Richmond refused. Apparently the Earl of Surrey persuaded his sister to refuse Seymour 's hand, for Mary left court in Jul determined not to wed, and although Norfolk followed her to Kenninghall, he was unable to change her mind; the proposed match was ruined, and with it Norfolk's chances of an immediate return to a place of influence at court. Had Surrey not intervened and had Mary wed Sir Thomas , the politics of the 15405 might have taken a very different course. Norfolk spent the late summer and autumn of 1538 in East Anglia. On 9 Aug Norfolk and Sir Roger Townshend reported to Cromwell on rumors that the King intended to seize all unmarked cattle for his own use, a groundless but potentially seditious bruit which enjoyed wide circulation in Norfolk and Suffolk. Norfolk had some contact with the court during these months; Thomas Audley , the chancellor, visited the Duke at Framlingham in Sep "to kyll sum of his bukkes there" and surely to talk politics as well. Thomas Howard took possession of the following religious houses at the dissolution : Benedictine Nunnery, Bungay, Suffolk; Priory of the Austin Canons, Butley, Suffolk; Priory of the Cluniac Monks, Castle Acre, Norfolk; Prior of the Austin Canons, Cokesford, Norfolk; Benedictine Cell, Doping, Lincolnshire; Benedictine Cell, Felixstowe, Suffolk; Cluniac Cell, Hitcham, Norfolk; Cistercian Abbey, Newenham, Devon; Benedictine Cell, St Catherine, Norwich; Benedictine Priory, Snape, Suffolk; Cluniac Priory, Thetford, Norfolk; College, Thetford, Norfolk and Cluniac Cell, Wangford, Suffolk. After the execution in 1542 of another of his nieces, Catherine Howard , Henry VIII ï¿½s fifth queen, Norfolkï¿½s influence waned, and he was forced back into the position of a mere military commander. On 15 Dec 1541 Norfolk wrote a letter to the King in an effort to divorce himself from the crimes of his niece: The Dowager Duchess of Norfolk and her son William had been arrested, and the Duke, after assuring Henry that he had no doubt that all his kin were not imprisoned lightly, "...but for som their fals and traytorous procedynges agaynst Your Royall Majestie...", reminded Henry that he had faithfully aided the investigation of Catherine 's crimes. Finally, he wrote: "Eftsonys prostrate at your royall fe te, most humble I beseche Your Majestie, that by suche, as it shall picase you to comande, I may be advertised playnle, how Your Highnes doth way your favour towardes me; assewryng Your Highnes that onles I may knowe Your Majestie to contynew my gode and gracious Lord, as ye wer befor their offensys committed, I shall never desire to lyve in this world any lenger, but shortly to fynishe this transitory lyff, as God knoweth, who send Your Majestie the accomplishmentes of your most noble hartes desires." Perhaps Norfolk was not so upset by his relatives' disgrace as might be expected. On 13 Feb the French Ambassador Marillac reported that the Duke hoped that his stepmother would not survive her imprisonment, for he stood to inherit her considerable lands should she succumb. Marillac went on to say that "the times are such that he [Norfolk] dare not show that the affair touches him, but he approves all that is done". At his death in 1524, the second duke 's widow, Agnes Tilney , retained a considerable jointure, including twelve manors in Suffolk, Surrey, Essex and Lincoln and more than a dozen others in Sussex. These lands returned to the dukedom only at her death in 1544, and not until Jul 1546 was the third duke confirmed in possession of Agnes's holdings. Norfolk was considered the leader of the Catholic party during the Reformation of the Church of England and as such was a friend of Sir Thomas More , and was patron of Sir William Roper, brother-in-law of William Dauntesey, both sons-in-law of Sir Thomas More . He was an enemy of Thomas Cromwell and instrumental in bringing about his fall. In the dangerous days of mid-1546, Norfolk proposed a series of marriages to bind together the Howards and Seymours. Again, Norfolk's daughter Mary, Duchess of Richmond , was to wed Sir Thomas Seymour , and Howard grandchildren were proposed as mates for three of Hertford 's offspring. On 10 Jun, Henry gave his approval to the proposal. The main difficulty, as before, was with Norfolk's tempestuous son, Surrey . In Dec 1546 he and his son Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey , were charged with treason. Norfolk's son was a man of learning often called "the Poet", who also had a reputation for skill at arms. He was charged with quartering the arms of Edward the Confessor with his own, which was like openly claiming the Throne, and was executed. He was probably held in Beauchamp Tower. During Henry VIII 's last days, when his execution seemed imminent, Howard was deprived of all comforts, including books, sheets for his bed, and hangings for the damp stone walls above the west moat. Further, he was confined to a narrow cell on the upper floor and forbidden exercise in the outer chambers of the tower. The fate of Norfolk's personal property is documented, for the inventories drawn up at the time of his arrest were annotated as goods were sold or given away. Norfolk's apparel, ranging from satin gowns and velvet coats to petticoats, doublets and hose, and including his parliamentary robes and Garter regalia, went to Edward Seymour , who also obtained Surrey 's parliamentary robes and several gilt rapiers and daggers from the Earl 's estate. Elizabeth Holland, Norfolk's mistress, and Mary, Duchess of Richmond , were allowed to keep their personal clothing, no small favor considering the mass of satins, velvets, rich embroidery and cloth of gold and silver. Bess Holland also kept her personal jewels. Lord Thomas Howard , Norfolk's younger son, was also arrested, but he was released shortly after Surrey 's execution. King Henry VIII died the day before the execution of Norfolk could be carried out. Bess Holland gave evidence against Surrey and Norfolk. She probably had no choice. When the King ï¿½s agents seized and searched Kenninghall, they also confiscated all of Bessï¿½s possessions, including the jewelry she had concealed upon her person. She also lost a new house on thirty-six acres of land in Framlingham, which the Duke had recently given to her. In her chamber at Kenninghall, the commissioners seized rings, brooches, strings of pearls, silver spoons, ivory tables, and other treasures. She was taken to London for questioning but was eventually released. Her jewelry was returned. She also received an annuity of ï¿½20 from the Duchess of Richmond . At some point after her liaison with the Duke of Norfolk ended, she married Jeffrey Miles or Myles of Stoke Nayland. Early in Edward 's reign became clear that Norfolk would remain a prisoner. On 3 Mar 1547 Sir John Markham, lieutenant of the Tower, was ordered to provide Norfolk with clothing and personal furnishings befitting his station. As early as Feb 1547 Norfolk began to be allowed family visitors; Mary, Duchess of Richmond , and Elizabeth, Duchess of Norfolk , were permitted to visit Howard "at tymes and with traynes convenient, the Lieutenant being present". Further, a bit of personal freedom was now allowed: "the said Duke may have libertye to walke in the gardein and gallery when the Lieutenant shall think good". Political turmoil in the Edwardian regency was reflected in the conditions of Norfolk's incarceration. After Northumberland rise to power Norfolk enjoyed greater liberty, although not his freedom. In Jul 1550 Norfolk was given leave to walk or ride within the precincts of the Tower, accompanied by a guard, and in Apr 1551 was permitted a visit from his son Thomas . Although the conversation was held in the presence of Markham, such a meeting between a traitor and his son was very unusual. The tomb of the third Duke of Norfolk in Framlingham Church, with his effigie and of his wife, Elizabeth Stafford, who separated from him in life was buried at Lambeth There were rumors from time to time that Northumberland , would release Norfolk, and after Somerset 's execution an imperial envoy reported in Feb 1552 that Norfolk was no longer in danger and would soon be freed. Norfolk was given permission to write a letter to the council (perhaps petitioning for his liberty; the letter has not survived), but remained a prisoner until Mary Tudor arrived in London in Aug 1553. The most reasonable explanation for Norfolk's not being freed is that certainly Somerset and probably Northumberland had no good reason for releasing a former rival who, despite his age, was still a potential threat if given his liberty. But just as important to the Edwardian junto were their considerable financial gains from the redistribution of Norfolk's forfeited lands and goods. Most of the progressive faction had profited from Norfolk's fall; they were little inclined to see the attainted duke freed, much less restored to his titles and property, at their expense. He was released from prison on the accession of Mary I and restored to his dukedom. It was a time of great rejoicing, and the Duchess of Norfolk , separated from her husband for the past twenty years, entered fully into the spirit of the family reunion. His first important service to the new Queen was to preside the trial of the Duke of Northumberland . He successfully led the forces against the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt . After six weeks of failing health, he died at Kenninghall on 25 Aug 1555. A last minute bequest of ï¿½100 was made to Jane Goodman, a young girl living in Norfolk's London house when he made the final changes to his will in the previous Jul. She may have been a natural daughter; at any rate she was still a member of the Howard Household in 1571. Nothing was left to Elizabeth Holland, even though her father, by now the Duke's secretary, wrote out the will. The important will was witnessed by no less than eight trusted servants, headed by Thomas Gawdy. The executors included Stephen Gardiner, Archbishop of York , Lord Chancellor; Robert Brooke, Chief Justice of Common Pleas; Nicholas Heath, Bishop of Worcester and Robert Rochester , Controller of the Queen Household. Queen Mary was herself appointed supervisor of the will. Sources: Chapman, Hester W.: Two Tudor Portraits: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and Lady Katherine Grey (Little, Brown and Company - 1960 - Boston) Head, David M.: The Ebbs and Flows of Fortune: The Life of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk (The University of Georgia Press ï¿½ Athens & London ï¿½ 1995) Murphy, Beverley A.: Bastard Prince: Henry VIII's Lost Son (Sutton Publishing Ltd. - 2001 ï¿½ Phoenix Mill) Routh, C.R.N.: Whoï¿½s Who in Tudor England (Whoï¿½s Who in British History Series, Vol.4) (Shepeard-Walwyn Ltd. ï¿½ 1990 ï¿½ London) (1ï¿½ Ed. as Whoï¿½s Who in History Series, Vol. II - 1964) Smith, Lacey Baldwin: A Tudor tragedy ï¿½ The life and times of Catherine Howard (The Reprint Society Ltd. ï¿½ 1962 - London) Williams, Neville: Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of Norfolk (Barrie and Rockliff ï¿½ 1964 - London) Williams, Neville: Henry VIII and his Court (Cardinal ï¿½ 1973 ï¿½ London ï¿½ 1ï¿½ Ed. 1971)	i don't know
What type of weapon is the Scottish claymore	Scotlish Weaponry - Important Scottish Hunter�s Dirk (Item SCOTWEAPON 1-6; BRITSCOT 1-7) DESCRIPTION: This is a very rare Scottish dirk of the type once used by Scottish Highlanders who hunted in the mountains. This magnificent dirk is mounted with pure silver fittings. The scabbard is fitted with brown leather and is thus quite different from the dress dirks used by Scots on parade and ceremonial functions. Those were normally quite elegant in appearance. This one is more than elegant. It was designed and used in the hunt for the elusive red, highland stag. The grip is of stag�s horn (used only on the hunting pieces). The Cairngorm-stone mounting on the top of the grip is repeated in smaller size on both of the smaller stag-gripped eating appurtenances (knife and fork). Actually, the dirk with these accouterments was the original historical form for the later, fancy dirks. The dirk was originally a hunter�s weapon for the �Sport of Kings,� but also as a defense against brigands and highwaymen. The small knife and fork were handy utilitarian tools that were used at mealtime in the mountains and glades. The tradition of the Cairngorm stones and usage of silver was not decorative alone. Tradition has it that if the highlander should finally expire along the �high road or low road� and his remains be found, the Scottish wayfarer finding him would take the valuable dirk and it would either be his reward for his assistance in burying the man or selling the dirk for funeral costs. Only in Scotland of old could this be counted on; not in liberal Scotia of today. The blade has the serrated edge used for various purposes in dressing the fallen game. There is some rust pitting about one inch down from the grip on the blade where a constantly worn item like this is most exposed to the elements. The blade is about 12 1/2 inches long. The entire dirk is 19 1/2 inches long (unusually long). This is a museum piece without a doubt and should be the pride of any collection of Scottish cultural items. PRICE: $3,500.00; Reduced on sale to $2,200.00 Child�s Skein Dubh (black dirk) (Item SCOTWEAPON 1-7; BRITSCOT 2-7) DESCRIPTION: Here is a charming little lethal weapon as given to a trusted minor. It�s just a nice little dirk in miniaturized size. Other than that it�s an exact duplicate of a full-sized Scottish dirk. It has all the Celtic engraving on the various parts and genuine Cairn stones (agate) in the main dirk and in the hilts of the small knife and fork. At best guesstimate we would say that this piece dates from the 1880s or 1890s. It has the leather carry strap and the leather-covered scabbard is scuffed a bit, but is all intact. It has the traditional serrated blade. The overall length is about 9 3/4 inches. The blade is about 5 3/4 inches long. This is an unusual child�s dirk in that it even has a blade. Usually these had no blade at all and were simply a decorative accoutrement to a child�s highland outfit. This one, however, being 100-percent complete indicates that the child was trusted and under a strict discipline known usually in the landed gentry or royal families of Scotland. This is a rare museum-worthy relic. PRICE: $1,550.00 Scottish Black Dirk (silver mounted) (Item SCOTWEAPON 1-8; BRITSCOT 2-9) DESCRIPTION: This is a fine, proud Scottish dirk of the piper variety. It is silver mounted, but bears no silver designation or hallmarks. In the military style it has the seal of Saint Andrew that seems to be expertly hand engraved and is flanked by two sprays of acacia branches. The letters �IBMN� appear to be also done by hand on the facing of the silver pocket that accepts the small knife of the knife-fork set. On the facing of the fork compartment is �NIC.� The length of the piece is 18 inches overall. The blade has the typical serrated edge running down three quarters of the length. The grip with hand-carved Celtic knots is also studded with silver pinions. This is just a superior dirk of the finest quality throughout. Circa: 1850. PRICE: $3,250.00 17th. Regt. Highland Light Infantry Foot Dress Dirk of the 74th Highland Regiment (Item SCOTWEAPON 1-9; BRITSCOT 2-10) DESCRIPTION: Here is one of the finest military dirks we have ever seen. It�s from one of the finest Scottish regiments that bonnie Scotland ever fielded. In 1881 it was formed as Highland light infantry. This elite regiment had the battle honors of SERINGAPATAN, ASSAYE, BUSAGO, FUENTES D�ONOR, CIUDAD RODRIGO, BADAJOS, SALAMANCA, VITTORIA, PYRENEES, NIVELLE, ORTHES, TOULOUSE, and PENINSULA all listed on its gorgeous blade. The regiment was formed in 1787 for service in India when war with the French was imminent. Its regiment badge, with the elephant subscripted beneath �Assaye,� was named for the Battle of Assaye in 1803. Wellington described it as the bloodiest of all battles fought. The 74th was one of the regiments given this coveted battle honor. This was the key battle of the Second Maratha War in India. The regimental motto��NEMO ME IMMUNE LACESSIT,� �Nobody provokes me with impunity!��is seen in relief in the band that encompasses the area where the grip meets the blade and again engraved on the blade itself. This was also the motto of the Order of the Thistle. The saying is also on the Scottish national coat of arms. A story in supreme heroism attends the saga of the 74th aboard the temporary military transport ship Birkenhead, which struck an uncharted rock off the South African coast while carrying British troops heading to fight in the Frontier War, a detachment of the 74th Highland Regiment was aboard. There were three lifeboats sending women and children to shore in three roundtrips. The term �women and children first� was established during this evolution. This type of orderly evacuation is still known as the �Birkenhead Drill.� Only 193 people were saved. The men of the 74th, who were not required to organize the evacuation, calmly stood in formation as the deck of Birkenhead broke up beneath them. Along with these brave men stood the two regimental pipers who piped the tunes: �Flowers of the Forest,� �Scotland, the Brave,� and �Nearer my God to Three.� Most of them drowned; there were sharks. Full well, they earned their pay! The 74th was certainly one of the most glorious regiments of Scotland. The dirk is in beautiful condition throughout and it dates from the time of Queen Victoria, whose crown is seen at the top of the etching on the backside of the beautiful blade. One of the Cairngorm stones has been replaced. The one in the little fork inserted in the scabbard pocket but it is indeed a genuine Cairngorm stone (amethyst) replacement. The other amethyst stones are of the lavender coloration (very rare). The dirk measures about 17 1/4 inches long in its scabbard. The blade length is about 11 1/4 inches long. This is about the most handsome military dirk we have seen and in such practically mint condition. (Nay finer a wee dirk exists!) PRICE: $6,800.00 Black Dirk with Celtic Dragon Motif (Argyll�s) (Item SCOTWEAPON 1-10; BRITSCOT 3-12) DESCRIPTION: Here is a very beautifully designed skein du or black dirk. It is a large one measuring 19 1/2 inches long. It has a traditional Celtic design employing fierce Celtic dragons that do battle with each other. Hidden among the design are symbols on the throat, center bands, and tip. A Masonic compass can also be detected on this tip. The 11 1/2-inch blade has the ripple effect on its backside three quarters of the way down the blade. The boar�s head of the Argyll and Sutherland highlanders is seen on the top-middle band, while the black cat of the Argyll�s is evident on the lower band. They took the boar and cat of the regimental badge and divided them in an artistic way of depiction (very unusual). At the top throat band is the crowned crest of the Argyll regiment. This is the crown of the royal princess. This is attributable to the fact that this regiment was Princess Louise�s Argyll and Sutherland highlanders. They were an elite group that in my opinion should not have served in the British Army. Bruce & Wallace probably do not rest easily in their graves. Scotland should be entirely independent of the Sassenach! Does this make the Brits sound like a bunch of homicidal maniacs? Read Scottish history then make the decision for yourself. My fervent Scottish prejudice is showing, isn�t it? Back to the dirk. It is truly a different and rare piece. It�s wholly military and in good condition. It�s unnamed as to make, but surely well made! The Cairngorm stones are bright and uncracked. We believe this dirk to be WWI era. It�s silver plated with leather scabbard. The blade is unrusted and fine. There is a bonny dirk for the discriminating son of Scotia. PRICE: A wee $1,985.00 Family coat of arms Very Unusual Scottish Dirk (Item SCOTWEAPON 1-11) DESCRIPTION: Here is a �wee dirk� that is totally different than the usual ones encountered. I wanted to say handmade, but actually because of the designs molded into its form I believe it was created and sold in the Victorian Era. The throat of the scabbard has the design of a Scottish highland warrior with claymore sword and targe (shield) surrounded by thistles. The boot or bottom scabbard fitting also features the bonnie thistles of Scotia. The crossguard is quite plain and the grip is a stag�s antler. The blade is crude, but has the scalloped edge on the top of it. The weapon is 13 � inches long�knife and scabbard�the blade is 5 � inches long. If you collect Scottish weapons this is one you don�t want to miss. The scabbard is leather with the brass accoutrements as described. PRICE: $695.00 A Wee Bargain!	Sword
What is the name of the peninsula divided among Mexico, Guatemala and Belize	1000+ images about Claymores on Pinterest \| Swords, The sword and Highlanders Forward Scottish Highland Officer Broadsword. This was the sword that the officer's commanding the 93rd Highlanders were carrying, during the Battle of Balaclava of the Crimean War, when they were told: "There is no retreat from here men...you must die where you stand". Facing the onslaught of tens of thousands of Russian cavalry, the Highlanders stood their ground, two ranks deep, and turned back the attack. Form this event the phase was coined "The Thin Red Line". 1	i don't know
What was the last studio album that Brian Jones played on	BRIAN JONES DISCOGRAPHY BRIAN JONES DISCOGRAPHY HENDRIX AND BRIAN "MY LITTLE ONE" features: Brian Jones - Sitar and percussion Jimi Hendrix - Guitar Dave Mason - Bass and sitar Mitch Mitchell - Drums With thanks to John Mars for the heads-up! And thanks to the original source of the info, MOJO http://www.mojo4music.com/ Also check out this link: http://earcandy_mag.tripod.com/rrcase-brianjones.htm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ever wonder what Brian Jones did in the Rolling Stones? Posted by matt2nd ([email protected]) on Sun, Jan 26, 03 at 15:40 Before going for a swim that is? Someone posted this on the Mojo board and I thought it was great, printed it out even. Anyway, from back in the days when the Stones actually mattered. Thought some of you might enjoy this info. Makes me with for a Stones Anthology. ...So I'm making a big, bold statement for all the Stones fans, so I won't be no Chod no more: My fairly-painstakingly researched, years in the making, OOPSing, magazine-and-book-poring-over, handclap counting "Who Played What" list for the Brian Jones Years. I figure you guys might either a) know something I don't or b) like it anyway. It's pretty long, of course, but I hope somebody gets something out of it, even if it's a small discussion: Pre-The first LP (misc. tracks): COME ON (Chuck Berry) Rec: May 10, 1963* Rel: June 7, 1963 (UK 45) M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica, Backing Vocal.** B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal. C. Watts: Drums. Another version, which remains unreleased, was recorded on 16 May. Jones doubles Mick throughout the verse; thankfully he's not thatsquawky voice repeating the title phrase. I WANT TO BE LOVED (Willie Dixon) Rec: May 10, 1963** Rel: June 7, 1963 (UK B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. * An unreleased stab at I'M A HOG FOR YOU BABY was recorded at this session too. *An earlier version was recorded, along with ROADRUNNER, BRIGHTLIGHTS, BIG CITY, DIDDLEY DADDY and HONEY WHAT'S WRONG for a demo on March 11, 1963. The band also recorded PRETTY THING and IT'S ALL RIGHT BABE for another demo on April 16, 1963. The first set are on bootleg, the second aren't. Both the later songs are of course, Bo Diddley. The band did many Diddley songs onstage, and one- BRING IT TO JEROME -featured Brian on the gravelly 'Jerome' vocal. FORTUNE TELLER (Neville) Rec: Aug. 1 or 8, 1963 Rel: Jan. 24, 1964 (UK comp - SATURDAY CLUB) M. Jagger: Vocal, Handclaps, Harmonica(?), Tambourine(?). K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Tambourine(?), Harmonica (?), Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass, Harmony Vocal.*** C. Watts: Drums. Mixed down significantly on some compilations. On his site Wyman says Brian is harp and Mick is tambourine, but unless Andrew started his downplaying of Jones this early, I don't think Brian's main contribution would be so near-inaudible... *Wyman doubles Mick throughout most of the song. Wyman claims he didn't enjoy singing, but Brian did. Brian just helps out on the"Aaahs" here. POISON IVY (Version One) (Leiber-Stoller) Rec: Aug. 1 or 8, 1963 Rel: Jan. 24, 1964 (UK comp - SATURDAY CLUB) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Guiro. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass, Harmony Vocal.* C. Watts: Drums. A Jagger-Richard song, WHAT KIND OF GIRL was recorded on this date also, but remains unreleased, and unbooted. Apparently Jagger overdubbed a guiro, but the raspy percussion does not appear on certain mixes of the song, and therefore certain records. *Wyman's flat Cockney tones are once again heard prominently on thissong also. WAKE UP IN THE MORNING (Brian Jones-J. Walter Thompson) Rec: Oct. 1963 Rel: Bootleg. M. Jagger: Vocal. K.Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. This was written and recorded for a Rice Krispies cereal ad. J.Walter Thompson was an ad agency. The track sounds a little like "I Wanna Be Your Man", lasts 31 seconds, and features Mick singing"...There's a crackle round the place/.../Ooh, Rice Krispies!" I WANNA BE YOUR MAN (Lennon-McCartney) Rec: Oct. 7, 1963 Rel: Nov. 1, 1963 (UK, 45) M. Jagger: Lead Vocals, Tambourine. K. Richard: Rhythm Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Lead Guitar, Vocal.* B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. The studio were this was recorded is now a book shop. The Beatles also tried to get the Stones to record "The One After 909", but they refused unless the Beatles recorded one of their songs, "Give Me Your Hand" (rec. in demo form in Dec. '63). Obviously the Beatles didn't. *Brian starts singing at the last line of the first verse and carries on all the way through. Near the end you hear him deviating from Mick's vocal, repeating the title phrase, accompanied perhaps by a overdubbed Mick, and also holding the last note of the title phrase just before his incredible slide solo. STONED (Nanker Phelge) Rec: Oct. 7, 1963 Rel: Nov. 1, 1963 (UK B-Side) M. Jagger: Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Ian Stewart: Piano. Such as it is! THE ROLLING STONES (UK E.P.): Released Jan. 10, 1964 BYE BYE JOHNNY (Chuck Berry) Rec: Nov. 14, 1963 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine(?) * Brian is actually louder than Mick on the chorus on the original E.P. Eclipsing this is an exciting BBC Radio performance from early1964, with Brian in vocal overdrive.This E.P. marks the beginning of Brian's brief "Hollies" period. After all, it's a myth that Brian was a blues purist. The Hollies were the next big thing at the time, so Brian pushed the band into poppier songs with prominent harmonies. (Ian Stewart, Stones pianist, recalls a "Hollies" thinking Brian at a gig in late '63: "Three part singin'.So Brian says to me, "I've got to have three singers. I want a microphone". And he couldn't sing to save his life". -Aftel, p.69). To this end, he engaged Wyman, the only Stone with a pop background, in the Coasters-influenced Cliftons, to arrange the harmonies for these tunes. But the phase was short lived. MONEY (Bradford-Gordy)* Rec: Nov. 14, 1963** M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine (?), Harmonica(?), Backing Vocal(?). K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal (?). B. Jones: Harmonica(?), Backing Vocal, Guitar(?). B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal(?). C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). John Lee Hooker claimed he wrote this song. Wyman says this was recorded twice, once in August, and once in November. The November one is the one that was used. I'M TALKIN' ABOUT YOU was also laid down. The uncertainty with credits is due to Wyman's recent claims about who plays or sings on the track. Brian is DEFINITELY back-up vocals, though. POISON IVY (Version Two) (Leiber-Stoller) Rec: Nov. 14, 1963 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine (?) K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Wyman: Bass, Harmony Vocals. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine. (?) This is a slower, superior version. YOU BETTER MOVE ON (Arthur Alexander) Rec: Nov. 14, 1963 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Electric Guitar. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal.* C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). Also recorded, but remaining unreleased and unbooted, is a version of Arthur Alexander's GO HOME GIRL. A concert review from early '64 atttributes the lead vocal of this song to Brian; whether or not that's true is lost in the mists of time. *A version from BBC Radio reveals just how sketchy these harmonies are. Bill takes the midrange, Brian the low range. He's just growling,really. SURE I DO (Brian Jones) Rec: Nov. 20 or 21, 1963** Rel: Not released. There's a myth that Brian never wrote a song. That's not true. SURE I DO exists on tape and acetate. It was published by Posner music Co.,and is reportedly a slow number with Brian singing the lead vocal in his soft spoken mellifluous style speaking voice, not his raspy singing voice. The Stones appear as a unit on this tune. Brian told a ROLLING STONES MONTHLY reporter as late as '66 that he'd like to record "himself...I've got a fairly good voice for folky material";(RS Monthly #23, 4/66)- I always think his rasp would have served the band well on the occasional blues, myself. Gene Pitney may have co-written this song. * Other demos the Stones recorded over these two days include WILLYOU BE MY LOVER TONIGHT, IT SHOULD BE YOU, SHANG A DOO-LANG, THAT GIRL BELONGS TO YESTERDAY, LEAVE ME ALONE (described by James Karnbach asan "up-tempo track with lots of piano...similar to "What'd I Say") and SO MUCH IN LOVE. All remain unreleased, and, but for brief snippets, unbooted. I WANT YOU TO KNOW (Brian Jones)* Rec: Dec. 7 or 9, 1963** Rel: Never released. Another Brian song, featuring Brian on lead vocals and harmonica. Two versions of this may exist. This is fast song, sung in the "raspy" I Wanna Be Your Man voice. On the acetate, Brian's name was crossed out, replaced with Jagger/Richard, which was in turn replaced by Brian's name again. The Stones recorded more publisher's demos at this session,including GIVE ME YOUR HAND (AND I'LL HOLD IT TIGHT), YOU MUST BE THE ONE and WHEN A GIRL LOVES A BOY. Some session men may appear on these tunes. THE ROLLING STONES (LP) Rel: April 17, 1964 (UK), (GET YOUR KICKS ON) ROUTE 66 (Troup) Rec: Jan. 3, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Handclaps. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Handclaps. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. I JUST WANT TO MAKE LOVE TO YOU (Dixon) Rec: Jan. 10, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal, Backing Vocals, Tambourine. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica, Handclaps. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps.* C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. Both the deviation from the melody at the end, and a high, slightly unpleasant "aah" right at the end. Sounds like it could easily be Keith, not Mick, except for the fact that Keith didn't sing too much in those days, and probably wouldn't have attempted something that high then. Hence, the attribution to Mick. Live, the song would end in a vocal trade off between Mick and Brian at that time. *A picture exists from this time depicting the rhythm section and Brian taking the handclaps. I've placed it at this session due to Keith's non-interest in percussion, and Mick overdubbing of three separate vocal parts, leaving the other three clear for the job during one of Mick's vocal overdubs. Mick is at the mike in the picture. HONEST I DO (Reed) Rec: Jan. 10, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. MONA ( I NEED YOU BABY) (McDaniel) Rec: Jan. 3, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal, Maracas. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: 'Tremolo' Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps(?) C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?) Percussion credits are hard. Bill was the band's tertiary percussionist in the studio all through the sixties, and I've attributed the percussion thus: Charlie would probably rather have played an actual instrument than do handclaps. NOW I'VE GOT A WITNESS... (Nanker Phelge) Rec: Jan. 28 or Feb. 3 or Feb. 4, 1964 M. Jagger: Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Organ. LITTLE BY LITTLE (Phelge, Spector) Rec: Jan. 28 or Feb. 3 or Feb. 4, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Graham Nash: Tambourine (?) Allan Clarke: Percussion, Handclaps (?) Gene Pitney: Piano. Phil Spector: Maracas. Reportedly a coin in a bottle, shook. I'M A KING BEE (Moore) Rec: Jan. 10, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Also recorded at this session was an early take on NOT FADE AWAY. CAROL (Berry) Rec: Jan. 3, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Handclaps. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Handclaps. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. Sounds like there's more than three people clapping on this. TELL ME (YOU'RE COMING BACK) (Jagger/Richard) Rec: Jan. 28, Feb. 3 and 4, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocals, Tambourine. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Bass, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar*, Tambourine (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. An earlier version, presumably from the January date was released on the first pressing of the album in the UK. It runs 2:52 and lacks a lot of overdubs. The U.S. 45 version of the final mix runs 2:57 to the U.K. CD's 3:47. The C.D.s fade early; on the original record, the song ran 4:05 and stopped abruptly. Wyman (ROLLING WITH THE STONES) credits the tambourine to Jones; but also backing vocals to Jones and himself - I can hear a lot of overdubbed Mick's, but... (Mind you Wyman credits the back-ups on TIME IS ON MY SIDE (v.1) to himself and Brian, when it appears to be Keith and Brian, and also some vocals on BETWEEN THE BUTTONS to himself and Jones...that and a few mix-ups with recording dates lead me to be skeptical... Keith remembers "building the song up" and playing bass, it's possible that a) he's wrong or b) it's a composite track. To be on the safe side, both Stones are credited with bass. *Sounds like a 12 string. CAN I GET A WITNESS? (Holland-Dozier-Holland) Rec: Jan. 28, Feb. 3 or 4, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Tambourine, Backing Vocal(?) B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal (?) C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Gene Pitney: Handclaps, Backing Vocal. Graham Nash: Handclaps, Backing Vocal. Allan Clarke: Handclaps, Backing Vocal.** * Also recorded at this session was an instrumental jam logged as "Spector And Pitney Came Too" and an obscene jam known as "Andrew's Blues" featuring Jagger, Spector and Pitney on vocals. *The backing vocals are up in the air here. They're mixed down a little too much, but I believe I hear Pitney. There's evidence of Mick double-tracking his lead (or a remnant of an earlier take) in the fade out. It's very small. Apparently Mick is singing "I want a pee!" at the end! YOU CAN MAKE IT IF YOU TRY (Jarrett) Rec: Jan. 3, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal. C. Watts: Drums, Cowbell.(?) I. Stewart: Organ. WALKING THE DOG (Thomas) Rec: Jan. 3, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Handclaps. B. Jones: Vocal, Rhythm Guitar, Handclaps.** B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. This song was a massive hit in Australia. There's footage of the Stones miming to it there in early '65. Brian also does the whistling here. As he's louder than Mick on the chorus,I've classified it a vocal, rather than a backing vocal. Tracks recorded at this time: NOT FADE AWAY (Hardin, Petty) Rec: Probably Feb. 4, 1964 Rel: Feb. 21, 1964 (UK 45), Mar. 6, 1964 (U.S. 45) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal and Maracas, Tambourine (?), Handclaps (?)** Backing Vocal. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Harmonica, Handclaps(?). B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps(?). C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). Gene Pitney: Tambourine (?) An alternate take has been booted, featuring a wilder harp track. Wyman claims Jagger handled all the percussion (But they really didn't have enough mix down space, and a surfeit of percussionists for this be totally feasible) GOOD TIMES, BAD TIMES (Jagger/Richard) Rec: Feb. 25 and possibly June 11, 1964 Rel: June 26, 1964 (UK B-Side), July 24, 1964 (U.S. B-Side) M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: 12 String Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. It's quite possible that the June 11, 1964 version, recorded at Chess, is an entirely different take, and probably therefore the version released as the B-Side of IT'S ALL OVER NOW. If so, then the February version is unreleased. Then again, they could have just been overdubbing at Chess - except that there doesn't appear to be any overdubs on the track.... Also recorded on February 25 was OVER YOU (Toussaint/Orange) which was set to be the next single. Mick Jagger bought the acetate of this song in the late 90s at auction, if I remember correctly; and SUSIE Q, which appears on ROLLING STONES No. 2 in the UK and 12 x 5 in the States. In Jan and Feb 1964 the Stones appeared as session men on a version of "To Know Him Is To Love Him" sung by Jagger's sometime beau Cleo Sylvestre, and on the instrumental B-Side, "There Are But Five Rolling Stones". Both songs were recorded for a 45 on Jan. 2, 1964. The Stones appeared (but perhaps not as a unit) on three Andrew Oldham "songs" recorded on Jan. 13, 1964: "365 Rolling Stones (One For Each Day Of The Year)", "Oh, I Do Like To See Me On The B-Side" and "Funky And Fleopatra". Jagger and Richard also recorded some other demos in March: AS TIME GOES BY (Demo) (Jagger/ Richard) Rec: March 11 or 12, 1964 Rel: Only on bootleg. M. Jagger: Vocal.** K. Richard: Guitar. Also recorded on these days, with session guitarist Jim Sullivan and session bassist Erik Ford, was a demo of NO-ONE KNOWS, which according to James Karnbach was written by Brian Jones, who presumably doesn't appear at the session, which therefore precludes him singing it. Maybe it was recorded on the second day, with Brian present. Information on this title is sketchy at best. Presumably Andrew Oldham "earned" his writing credit on AS TEARS GO BY (of which AS TIME GOES BY is a demo) by pointing out the similarities between this earlier title and that of the famous song from "Casablanca". Horribly flat and amateurish. FIVE BY FIVE (E.P.) Released Aug. 14, 1964 IF YOU NEED ME (Pickett, Bateman, Saunders) Rec: June 11, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar, Harmony Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Organ. EMPTY HEART (Nanker Phelge) Rec: June 11, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Vocal, Lead and Rhythm Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Organ. Raspy "ah-yeah-yeah-yeah's" at the end, a touch copied by Mick even nearer to the song's conclusion. 2120 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE (Nanker Phelge) Rec: June 11, 1964 M Jagger: Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums I. Stewart: Organ Muddy Waters: Guitar (?- Doubtful). An alternate version, lasting over a minute longer appeared on a German LP. Muddy Waters allegedly plays on this version, and was cut from the UK/US version due to contractual difficulties. 2120 So. Michigan Ave. is the address of Chess Studios. CONFESSIN' THE BLUES (McShann, Brown) Rec: June 11, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Rhythm Guitar. B. Jones: Lead Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. AROUND AND AROUND (Chuck Berry) Rec: June 11, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. OTHER SONGS RECORDED AT THIS SESSION: IT'S ALL OVER NOW (B. and S. Womack) Rec: June 10, 1964 Rel: June 26, 1964 (UK 45) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: 12 String Electric Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Lead Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine.** Brian may be backing vocals, possibly turned down in the mix by Andrew Oldham. Apparently this actually happened. He certainly takes them at the TAMI Show, but is too far away from the mike to be picked up. The Stones played the song in an arrangement closer to the original on British TV in early 1967, on Sunday Night At the London Palladium. DON'T LIE TO ME (Chuck Berry) Rec: June 10, 1964 Rel: June 6, 1975 (METAMORPHOSIS LP) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. This song was erroneously credited to Jagger/ Richard on the first pressings of Metamorphosis, the semi-compilation LP on which it first appeared. LOOK WHAT YOU'VE DONE (Morganfield) Rec: June 11, 1964** Rel: Dec. 3, 1965 (US LP, DECEMBER'S CHILDREN (AND EVERYBODY'S...) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I, Stewart: Piano. This song was allegedly actually written by a pre-Doors Ray Manzarek, according to Manzarek's autobiography. Weird if true. Also recorded on June 10 - STEWED AND KEEFED, an excellent bluesy, piano led instrumental featuring (obviously) Stu and Keith. On June 11, the Stones recorded stabs at HIGH HEELED SNEEKERS, MEET ME IN THE BOTTOM, REELIN' AND ROCKIN' , TELL ME BABY (which was released on a German LP, the compilers mistaking it for TELL ME (YOU'RE COMING BACK)) .In addition the Stones recorded a couple of tracks for their upcoming No.2 album - I CAN'T BE SATISFIED and DOWN THE ROAD APIECE (both June 10) and possibly the aforementioned 2nd version of GOOD TIMES BAD TIMES. THE ROLLING STONES No. 2 (L.P.) Released January 15, 1965 EVERYBODY NEEDS SOMEBODY TO LOVE (U.K. Version) (Russell, Burke, Wexler) Rec: Oct. 27- Nov. 2, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. The UK Version runs 4:59 to the U.S. Version's 2:57, and is a completely different (and superior) take. The U.S. Version is reportedly a run-through, but does contain overdubs. DOWN HOME GIRL (Leiber, Butler) Rec: Oct. 27- Nov. 2, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, 6-String Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitzsche: Piano. Overdubbed over the normal 4 string bass. Also called "Baritone Guitar" at the time. How quaint! YOU CAN'T CATCH ME (Chuck Berry) Rec: June 24-26, and Sept. 2, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Woodblock (?). K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Sticks, Woodblock (?). Overdubbed seemingly separately. TIME IS ON MY SIDE (UK VERSION) (Meade) Rec: Nov. 8, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals*, Tambourine(?). K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). I. Stewart: Organ. This version released in the UK was recorded in the US. The US version was recorded in the UK! This UK Version starts with the guitar, not the organ. *This backing vocal, dubbed in the studio, was handled by Wyman in concert. WHAT A SHAME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 8, 1964 M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Rhythm/ Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B.Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Other songs recorded at this session are FANNY MAE (a studio version of the rip-roarer recorded at the BBC; and the "inspiration" for THE UNDER ASSISTANT WEST COAST PROMOTION MAN), MERCY MERCY (VERSION ONE) (a different, faster, jazzier version than the released version, with a different vocal arrangement); KEY TO THE HIGHWAY and GOODBYE GIRL (a song written by Bill Wyman, but sung by Mick Jagger, as usual. The song is sometimes mistakenly known as "Get Back To The One You Love" after a repeated refrain) - all remain unbooted. GROWN UP ALL WRONG (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 28 and 29, 1964 M. Jagger: Vocal, Harmonica, Backing Vocal. K. Richard: Vocal, Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar, Handclaps. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. I CAN'T BE SATISFIED (Morganfield) Rec: June 10, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Rhythm Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Sticks. Again, seemingly overdubbed separately. DOWN THE ROAD APIECE (Raye) Rec: June 10, 1964. M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Lead/Rhythm Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm/Lead Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I.Stewart: Piano. UNDER THE BOARDWALK (Broadwater, Lewis, Hawkins) Rec: Sept. 28-29, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Guiro(?), Finger Cymbals (?),Castanets. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Guiro (?). C. Watts: Drums, Guiro (?), Finger Cymbals(?). Once again Wyman claims Jagger may've handled all the percussion. PAIN IN MY HEART (Neville) Rec: Oct. 27-Nov. 2, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass and 6 string Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano, 'Nitszche-phone' Apparently a keyboard of Jack's own invention. Mention is made of Jack playing a "toy" piano during this time. Could THAT be the 'Nitszche-phone"? OFF THE HOOK (Nanker Phelge) Rec: June 24-26, 1964 and Sept. 2, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. SUSIE Q (Broadwater, Lewis, Hawkins) Rec: Feb. 25, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. OTHER SONGS RECORDED AT THE ALBUM SESSIONS: CONGRATULATIONS (Jagger, Richard) Rec: June 24-26, 1964. Rel: Sept. 25, 1964 (U.S. B-Side). M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: 12 string Acoustic Guitar, Harmony Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. TIME IS ON MY SIDE (U.S. VERSION) (Meade) Rec: June 24-26, 1964. Rel: Sept. 25, 1964 (U.S. 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass.** C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine. I. Stewart: Organ. * Also recorded on this day was a slow, organ based Jagger/Richard original called YOU'VE JUST MADE MY DAY. Only a snippet has turned on bootleg thus far. *Wyman says he and Brian did the back-ups on this, but a photo from this time shows Keith and Brian round a mike. As there's no other likely suspects, this seems to indicate that this song featured Keith and Brian on the back-ups. Hence, this attribution (Is that a word?) LITTLE RED ROOSTER (Dixon) Rec: Sept. 2 1964 and Nov. 8, 1964. Rel: Nov. 13, 1964 (UK 45) M. Jagger: Vocal and Harmonica. K. Richard: 12 string Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. One source suggest that Jones recorded the slide on "Rooster" as an overdub, not being present on the day the track was recorded. Does this mean Brian didn't turn up for the Sept. 2, 1964 session? The only other things the Stones did on that day was (presumably overdubs) on YOU CAN'T CATCH ME and OFF THE HOOK. In between the June and Sept. sessions, the Stones recorded (not as unit) a lot of Jagger/Richard songs with the so-called 'Andrew Oldham Orchestra' . Most of them turned up on the semi-compilation METAMORPHOSIS. However, they are all horrible and have nothing to do with the Stones output of the time, sounding more like sixth-rate Spector. SURPRISE, SURPRISE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 28-29, 1964. Rel: Feb. 12, 1965 (US. LP, THE ROLLING STONES, NOW!) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine. * Also recorded on this day: two unreleased and mainly) unbooted Jagger/Richard numbers, WE WERE FALLING IN LOVE and I'M RELYING ON YOU (also sometimes known, erroneously, as "I'm Just A Funny Guy") A snippet of the latter has turned up on bootleg. EVERYBODY NEEDS SOMEBODY TO LOVE (U.S. Version) (Russell, Burke, Wexler) Rec: Oct. 27-Nov. 2, 1964.* Rel: Feb. 12, 1965 (U.S. LP, THE ROLLING STONES, NOW!) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Handclap, Tambourine. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhyhm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. J. Nitszche: Tambourine. Also recorded on this day: three songs from the UK LP, Out Of Our Heads; HEART OF STONE, OH BABY (WE GOT A GOOD THING GOIN') and HITCH HIKE. There are two different tambourine tracks on this cut. Also, the Stones recorded a one-minute instrumental variation on Dust My Broom called DUST MY PYRAMIDS, with the unique writing credit of Jones/Richard around this time. Unfortunately, the recording appears to be lost. THE LAST TIME (Version One) (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Jan. 11-12, 1965. Rel: Unbooted. This first version of the song, recorded along with an early version of PLAY WITH FIRE, called A MESS OF FIRE, features, according to expert James Karnbach, a shared lead vocal between Jagger and Jones, and is denoted as such on the tape box. Apparently the song starts with a ten second tambourine solo. Furthermore, according to Karnbach, there's a host of early Stones alternate takes which feature Brian on vocals, which were "supressed" by Oldham...however, Brian doesn't show up on... THE LAST TIME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Jan. 17-18, 1965, and Feb. 17, 1965. Rel: Feb. 26, 1965 (UK 45) M. Jagger: Lead Vocals, Tambourine, Backing Vocals*. K. Richard: Lead, Rhythm and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Lead Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Tambourine.* This song was derived from the Staples Singers' "This May Be The Last Time'. Vocals were recorded at the Feb. session. There are possibly two different tambourines on this track. *Bill Wyman sang the additional Jagger backing vocal when the song was preformed live. PLAY WITH FIRE (Nanker Phelge) Rec: Jan. 17-18, 1965. Rel: Feb. 26, 1965 (UK B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. Phil Spector: Acoustic Guitar. Jack Nitszche: Harpsichord, Tambourine (?), Bongo(?).** Downtuned and playing the bass line. Jones, Wyman and Watts reportedly 'fell asleep', and missed the session. GOT LIVE IF YOU WANT IT! (E.P.) Released June 11, 1965 (UK only) EVERYBODY NEEDS SOMEBODY TO LOVE (Russell, Burke, Wexler) / PAIN IN MY HEART (Neville) Rec. Live: March 6, 7 or 16, 1965.** M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Prefaced by the crowd chanting "We Want The Stones!". This was actually credited on the E.P., and was noted as being written by Nanker Phelge, so the Stones could grab the royalties! This medley is not currently available on CD. "Everybody Needs.." only runs 38 seconds. A show at Edmonton, London was recorded on March 5, but not used. (GET YOUR KICKS) ON ROUTE 66 (Troup) Rec Live: March 6, 7 or 16, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I'M MOVING ON (Snow) Rec Live: March 6, 7 or 16, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C.Watts: Drums. I'M ALRIGHT (McDaniel) Rec Live: March 6, 7 or 16, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar, Backing Vocal.* B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Credited to Nanker Phelge on some pressings. Also recorded for use were live versions of DOWN THE ROAD APIECE and LITTLE RED ROOSTER. Both nearly made it on to the Bill Wyman compiled anthology "The Black Box", but that was replaced by Metamorphosis instead. Shame. They remain unbooted. *Augmenting Keith's back-up with a hoarse "C'Mon, c'mon, c'mon" at around 1:35 or so. OUT OF OUR HEADS (L.P.) Released Sept. 24, 1965 (U.K) SHE SAID "YEAH!" (Jackson, Christy) Rec: Sept. 6-7, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal*. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Apparently Jagger was persuaded to cover this song by none other than Paul McCartney. *Wyman handled this backing vocal when the Stones performed the song live. MERCY MERCY (Version Two) (Covay, Miller) Rec: May 10, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. HITCH HIKE (Gaye, Stephenson, Paul) Rec: Oct. 27 - Nov. 2, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead Guitar and Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar and Handclaps. B. Wyman: Bass and Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums and Handclaps. THAT'S HOW STRONG MY LOVE IS (Jamison) Rec: May 10, 1965. M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Organ. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano. GOOD TIMES (Cooke) Rec: May 11 - 12, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Harmony Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Marimba. GOTTA GET AWAY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 6 - 7, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocal, Handclaps (?). K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar, Handclaps. B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. Jack Nitszche: Handclaps (?). J. W. Alexander: Tambourine. Alexander, Sam Cooke's former manager, turned up for the Sept. 6,7 sessions at RCA Studios in Hollywood. (I'M) TALKIN' 'BOUT YOU (Chuck Berry) Rec: May 10 - 12 or Sept. 6 - 7, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. CRY TO ME (Russell) Rec: May 11- 12, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead Guitar and Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano and Organ. Session notes do not testify to the presence of secondary keyboard player Nitszche for the May Chess / RCA Sessions, hence I've attributed both keyboards ro Stu for this song and others recorded in May. OH BABY (WE GOT A GOOD THING GOIN') (Barbara Lynn Ozen) Rec: Oct. 27 - Nov. 2, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. HEART OF STONE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Oct. 27 - Nov. 2, 1964. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano, Tambourine(?). The Andrew Oldham Orchestra recorded a version of this song with Jagger and Richard earlier in 1964. This version, with extra lyrics,appears on Metamorphosis. A further, and even worse Andrew Oldham Orchestra version can be heard on the soundtrack of the film CharlieIs My Darling. Excruciating! THE UNDER ASSISTANT WEST COAST PROMOTION MAN (Nanker Phelge) Rec: May 10, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal.** K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Also recorded on this day were the early, "folk-rock" version of (I CAN'T GET NO) SATISFACTION) complete with harmonica solo by Brian. Parts of this track were reportedly used as a bed for the famous version of the song, recorded one day later, and a stab at James Brown's TRY ME. Both remain unbooted, but a harmonica version of SATISFACTION can be seen on Shindig! May 26, 1965, which is on boot. The boys recorded backing tracks for four songs for that programme on May 20, including "Rooster","Last Time" and "Play With Fire", which Brian on harpsichord this time. Mick sang live vocals on the programme. A couple of lines of this vocal were omitted in the shorter (by 25 seconds or so) U.S. Version, due to use of the word "ass!". I'M FREE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 6 - 7, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and (falsetto) Harmony Vocals. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Jack Nitszche: Organ. J.W. Alexander: Tambourine. OTHER SONGS RECORDED DURING THESE SESSIONS: MY GIRL (Robinson, White) Rec: May 11 - 12, 1965, Sept. 2, 1966. Rel: July 14, 1967 (U.S. LP, FLOWERS) M. Jagger: Lead, Harmony and Backing Vocals, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Sticks (?). plus uncredited strings, flute. The orchestral flavourings were recorded on the 1966 date. (I CAN'T GET NO) SATISFACTION (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 11-12, 1965. Rel: June 4, 1965 (U.S. 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar. B. Wyman: Basses.** C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). I. Stewart: Piano. According to some people (like Noel Redding, Hendrix bassist), Brian actually authored the riff to Satisfaction. Jones would play the riff live, and twist it into the theme from "Popeye". Apparently Richard has claimed that the song was written after an aborted attempt at recording "Dancin' In The Street" at Chess, presumably on Nov. 8, 1964. Session logs apparently don't mention anything about this. There are apparently two separate tracks on the song. Presumably one is from the May 10 recording, over which this version was apparently dubbed. THE SPIDER AND THE FLY (Nanker Phelge) Rec: May 11 - 12, 1965. Rel: July 30, 1965 (US LP, OUT OF OUR HEADS) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Lead Guitar. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I'VE BEEN LOVING YOU TOO LONG (TO STOP NOW) (Redding, Butler) Rec: May 11 -12, 1965. Rel corrupted) Dec. 9, 1966 (US LP, GOT LIVE IF YOU WANT IT!) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic and Electric Guitars. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Organ. This had crowd noise added to it for the horrible "live" LP, Got Live..., along with FORTUNE TELLER, despite the fact that I'VE BEEN LOVING YOU TOO LONG blatantly has three guitars and a organ on it. The unfettered take, which plays host to possibly the worst vocal Jagger has ever committed to tape, appears on bootleg. ONE MORE TRY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 10, 11 or 12, 1965 Rel: July 30, 1965 (US LP, OUT OF OUR HEADS) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Sticks. I. Stewart: Piano. GET OFF OF MY CLOUD (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 6 -7 , 1965. Rel: Sept. 24, 1965 (US 45) M. Jagger: Lead, Backing Vocals and Handclaps. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocal and Handclaps (?). B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano. When the song was played live, Wyman performed these backing vocals. THE SINGER NOT THE SONG (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 6 -7 , 1965. Rel: Oct. 22, 1965 (UK B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Vocal, Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Keith sings the end of the second line of each verse unaccompanied, as well as being prominent (and terribly off key) on the high end harmonies, leading me to attribute this song as being Keith's first "Lead" Vocal. BLUE TURNS TO GREY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Sept. 6 -7, 1965. Rel: Dec. 3, 1965 (US LP, DECEMBER'S CHILDREN (AND EVERYBODYS...) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal. K. Richard: 12 string Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocal, Guitar. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jagger and Richard recorded an 'Andrew Oldham Orchestra' version of this song in 1964. The Stones didn't do many Oldham Orchestra sessions in '65, but for one that February, which produced another tawdry version of a third rate Jagger, Richard song- in this case one called 'I'd Much Rather Be With The Boys'. It's on Metamorphosis. SALTY DOG (Trad. arr. Nanker Phelge) Rec (live in a dressing room) Sept. 3 or 4, 1965. Rel: 1966 (film soundtrack, CHARLIE IS MY DARLING) M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Vocal. B. Jones: Vocal. C. Watts: Silly Noises. Doodled in a Irish dressing room, by Keith on acoustic guitar and vocals, joined by first Mick then Brian who bellows the pay off line - "I just wanna be your Salty Dog" - in a voice halfway between his speaking voice and his raspy "Wanna Be Your Man" voice, this trad. arr. British folk tune lasts about a minute and a half between detriotating into a litany of proto-Monty Python noises from Charlie. AS TEARS GO BY (Jagger, Richard, Oldham) Rec: Oct. 26, 1965. Rel: Dec. 3, 1966 (US LP, DECEMBER'S CHILDREN (AND EVERYBODY'S...)) M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. Mike Leander: String Arrangement. plus uncredited strings. AFTERMATH (LP) Released: April 15, 1966 MOTHER'S LITTLE HELPER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3-8, 1965 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Electric and 12-string Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: 12 string Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Usually mistakenly claimed to be a sitar. STUPID GIRL (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6- 9, 1966 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Castanets. K. Richard: Lead Guitars, Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?) I. Stewart: Organ. Jack Nitszche: Tambourine (?). This backing vocal was performed by Wyman when the song was performed live. LADY JANE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 3 - 8, 1966. M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Dulcimer. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Bells and Claves. Jack Nitszche: Harpsichord. This song was actually largely written by Jones (music) and Jagger (lyrics). UNDER MY THUMB (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 3 - 8, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Handclaps(?). K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Marimbas.** B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. Jack Nitszche: Piano, Handclaps (?). Richard complained that at this time Brian rarely, if ever, took part in the recording of the rhythm tracks, just "overdubb[ing] his scenes later". There could possibly be a second marimba track mixed down low. DONCHA BOTHER ME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Rhythm Guitars. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Sticks (?), Block (?)*. I. Stewart: Piano. Jack Nitszche: Block (?). This song was originally called "Don't You Follow Me" when set for release on Aftermath's unreleased predecessor, Could You Walk On Water?, which was nearly released in February 1966. *Charlie is the man for block according to the January 1966 issue of RS Monthly. GOIN' HOME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Shaker, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Jack Nitszche: Tambourine. The drums cut out for a few seconds at one point because Keith threw his coat at Charlie in a vain attempt to stop the song, or so the story goes. FLIGHT 505 (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitars, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano.** The Stones actually flew to the U.S. for a tour on Flight 505 in 1965. The song was apparently inspired by the death of long time Jagger hero Buddy Holly. Playing (of course) a snippet of SATISFACTION in the intro. HIGH AND DRY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: 12 string Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Cymbal. OUT OF TIME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Finger-clicks. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Marimba. B. Wyman: Bass, Bells, Tambourine (?).* C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine(?). I. Stewart: Organ. Jack Nitszche: Piano. Jagger would record a guide vocal for Chris Farlowe's UK hit version of this in May 1966. This appeared on Metamorphosis. The other musicians were session men, including Andy White, the drummer who played on the Beatles' "Love Me Do" in lieu of Ringo in 1962. Jagger produced the session. The U.S. Version of this song is almost two minutes shorter at 3:42 than the U.K. Version, which runs 5:38. The same take is used for both versions; the U.S. Version just fades early. *Wyman is shown in a photograph during these sessions playing tambourine with a shoe, a fact which stuck in Oldham's mind too in the sleevenotes for BIG HITS, again, by process of elimination (and the fact that it does sound slightly heavy-handed, and maybe hit with something other than a hand), I'm sticking it here. IT'S NOT EASY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar(s?), Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm / Lead Guitar(?), Organ (?)*. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. This backing vocal is sometimes misattributed to Jones for some reason; it's not. It's Jagger. *Brian said that he and Stu played keys on the fast ones, and Jack played on the slowies on the AFTERMATH sessions; never seen a mention of a non-Stone on this song (though that really means NADA!), but I'll give it tentatively to Brian. I AM WAITING (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Harmony Vocal. B. Jones: Dulcimer. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Tambourine. TAKE IT OR LEAVE IT (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Harpsichord or Organ, probably Harpsichord. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Finger-Cymbals. Jack Nitszche: Organ or Harpsichord, probably Organ.* A report for the Stones monthly has Jack on harpsichord and Brian on organ, but reversed their position the next month; every other source has agreed with the correction, so there you go. THINK (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. WHAT TO DO (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Handclaps. K. Richard: Guitar, Acoustic Guitar (?),Backing Vocals, Handclaps (?). B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar (?), Piano, Handclaps (?). B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. Once again, a Stone seemingly played the keyboard here. OTHER SONGS RECORDED DURING THESE SESSIONS: SITTIN' ON A FENCE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. Rel: July 14, 1967 (U.S LP, FLOWERS) M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar, Harpsichord. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Tambourine. SAD DAY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. Rel: Feb. 11, 1966 (U.S. B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Shaker. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Electric Piano. 19th NERVOUS BREAKDOWN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. Rel: Feb. 11, 1966 (U.S. 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K . Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Basses. C. Watts: Drums.* A different vocal take exists on bootleg. The original title of this song appears to have been "YOUR 19th Nervous Breakdown". For about two minutes, anyway. Two separate tracks. *Due a tape fault, the master of this 45 slows down near the end. RIDE ON, BABY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Dec. 3 - 8, 1965. Rel: July 14, 1967 (U.S. LP, FLOWERS) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Guitars, Backing Vocal, Autoharp*. B. Jones: Harpsichord, Marimba. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Congas, Tympani. Jack Nitszche: Piano. Other songs recorded on these days are LOOKING TIRED, a much-booted laid back country style song featuring Stu on piano, and AFTERMATH, a bluesy instrumental. *According to Jan 66's Stones Monthly, Charlie bought Keith the autoharp that the Human Riff zings on Ride On Baby. PAINT IT, BLACK (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 6 - 9, 1966. Rel: May 6, 1966 (U.S. 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Castanets (?). K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Sitar and Acoustic Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass and Organ. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano.** Actually a second bass line, played by Wyman punching the organ's pedals. Wyman actually re-arranged this song during the session into the famous 45 arrangment. * It's not known if any evidence of the earlier arrangement still exists on tape. The original version and the CD Version are different mixes. The original is shorter by about ten seconds, the difference being mainly due to mastering speeds. LONG LONG WHILE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 3 - 8, 1966.* Rel: May 13, 1966 (UK B-Side). M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). I. Stewart: Organ. Jack Nitszche: Piano, Tambourine (?). Also recorded here was a version of THE TRACKS OF MY TEARS. This was never released, even on bootleg. CON LE MIE LACRIME (Jagger, Richard, Danpa) Rec: March 15, 1966. Rel: Nov. 6, 1981 (comp. LP, SLOW ROLLERS) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Arrangement. Mike Leander: Arrangment, Harpsichord(?). plus uncredited strings and possibly harpsichord. This is an Italian language version, recorded from scratch, of AS TEARS GO BY. BETWEEN THE BUTTONS (LP) Released January 20, 1967 YESTERDAY'S PAPERS (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 3 - 11 and Nov. 9 - 26, 1966 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Guitar and Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Glockenspiel, Harpsichord (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). Jack Nitszche: Harpsichord (?). The mono version of this track is about 13 seconds longer than the stereo mix. MY OBSESSION (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 3 - 11 , Nov. 9 - 26 and Dec. 13, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Handclaps. K. Richard: Guitar(s?), Harmony Vocals. B. Jones: Piano (?). B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. I. Stewart: Piano (?). Jack Nitszche: Handclaps (?). Brian Wilson was present for one of these RCA Sessions. He misdates the session to March though. There doesn't appear to be a credit for piano attributed to one of the auxiliary pianists - despite the fact the style of the playing sounds a lot like Stu. If the song only took one session I'd be tempted so surmise that Jones wasn't present.(Mind you, Jones doesn' t seem to be on SHE SMILED SWEETLY) I'm hedging my bets here again. I mean, it could , I suppose, be Brian Wilson! That'd be a gas!! BACK STREET GIRL (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 3 - 11 and Nov. 9 - 26 and Dec. 13, 1966. M. Jagger: Vocal, Castanets. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Accordion, Glockenspiel. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Tambourine. Jack Nitszche: Harpsichord. Performed as a overdub at the same time as the glock, according to a photo of the session. CONNECTION (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 -11 and Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine, Handclaps. K. Richard: Lead Vocal, Lead / Rhythm Guitars, Handclaps, Bass (?). B. Jones: Guitar (?). B. Wyman: Bass (?).* C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Participation seems doubtful. The mono version is a few seconds longer than the stereo. SHE SMILED SWEETLY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 -11 and Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Organ, Backing Vocal. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). Jack Nitszche: Piano, Tambourine (?). COOL, CALM AND COLLECTED (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 - 11 and Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal and Harmonica. K. Richard: Guitar, Kazoo. B. Jones: Banjolele ( a Banjo-Ukelele)*. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. You can tell, I think, by the sound of the kazoo that it's Keef. The kazoos also came out ('played' by Keith and Brian) during these sessions for a unreleased, but booted, and quite nonsensical cover of TROUBLE IN MIND, recorded at the November Olympic Studio dates. *Reportedly a child's toy.(!) ALL SOLD OUT (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 - 11, Nov. 9 - 26 and Dec. 13, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Congas. K. Richard: Lead / Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Recorder. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I . Stewart: Piano (?), Organ (?). Jack Nitszche: Piano (?), Organ (?). The original title of this song was "All Part of the Act". Once again the keyboard credits are tough to substantiate. The keyboards could even be Brian or Bill, but I don't think it's likely. PLEASE GO HOME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 3 -11 and Nov. 9 -26, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Maracas. K Richard: Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Cymbals. I Stewart: Piano. Shirley Watts: Backing Vocal*(?). Possibly overdubbed later. Anyway they're so loud and heavy they're worth noting separately for once. *According to one report. I can't see it (or hear it) myself. Still.... WHO'S BEEN SLEEPING HERE? (Jagger. Richard) Rec: Aug 3 -11, Nov. 9 - 26 and Dec. 13, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano. COMPLICATED (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 3 -11 and Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Maracas. K Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Organ. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). I. Stewart: Piano. Jack Nitszche: Tambourine (?). MISS AMANDA JONES (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 -11, Nov. 9 - 26 and Dec. 13, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar (?), Organ (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano, Organ (?). Jack Nitszche: Organ (?). SOMETHING HAPPENED TO ME YESTERDAY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 3 -11, Nov. 9 - 26 and Dec 13, 1966. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Vocal, Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Saxophone, Trombone, Trumpet, Tuba. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. SONGS RECORDED AT THESE SESSIONS: HAVE YOU SEEN YOUR MOTHER, BABY, STANDING IN THE SHADOW? (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 -11 and Sept. 2, 1966. Rel: Sept. 23, 1966 (UK / US 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Fingerclicks, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine (?). Jack Nitszche: Piano. Mike Leander: Horn arrangement. plus uncredited trumpets. * The horns were overdubbed at the September session. Keith pretended to play the keyboard part on the Ed Sullivan Show (Sept. 11). *Possibly including session man Eddie Thornton - originally the Stones tried saxes and other brass, but according to Keef at the time, everything dragged until the trumpets were brought in. WHO'S DRIVING YOUR PLANE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug 3 -11 and Sept. 2, 1966.* Rel: Sept. 23, 1966. (UK / US B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitars. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano. The song was known is the US as "Who's Driving My Plane". Also recorded at the August sessions: GET YOURSELF TOGETHER (also booted as I'LL FEEL A WHOLE LOT BETTER (no relation to the Byrds' song) and I CAN SEE IT) - an uptempto soul stomper, and three instrumentals/ rhythm tracks logged as "Godzi", "Panama Powder Room" and "Something Brigitte Bardot" aka "Something B.B.". These tracks were not re-used under other names, but have not been booted. *It's possible an unused horn arrangement was recorded at the Sept. 2 session. Also recorded at that session was the orchestral overdubs on MY GIRL. RUBY TUESDAY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. Rel: Jan. 13, 1967 (UK B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: 12 String Acoustic Guitars, Harmony Vocals, "Double Bass". B. Jones: Piano* and Recorder. B. Wyman: Bass, Double Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine. Jack Nitszche: Piano**. Actually written by Jones (music) and Richard (lyrics). The working title of the track was "Title 8". Wyman fretted the double bass, Keith bowed the notes. Keith pretended to play this piano when the Stones mimed it on the Ed Sullivan Show, Sunday Night at the London Palladium and Top Of The Pops during January 1967. On Sullivan, Brian joined in with the live chorus vocals, but is inaudible. The piano part was transposed to electric guitar when the Stones performed this song live in Europe in Spring '67. *An instrumental version of this song exists on bootleg. A count in is audible on the master tape just prior to the instrumental coda. **There seems to be a second, more 'honky-tonk' piano on the chorus. This is Nitzsche, as it's generally held that Brian played the main verse piano, but Nitszche has a credit for piano on the session too. LET'S SPEND THE NIGHT TOGETHER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. Rel: Jan. 13, 1967 (UK 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Handclaps. K. Richard: Guitars, Bass, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar (?), Piano, Organ.* B. Wyman: Bass, Handclaps. C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps. Jack Nitszche: Piano, Woodblock (?)**** There appears to be two basses on the record. Wyman attributes one to Keith, so... Not the main piano, though Brian mimed this part when the Stones performed on TV during Jan. 1967. Brian played organ on the Spring 1967 live versions, neglecting any piano part. *Oldham tells an unlikely story about policemen playing their truncheons (nightsticks) on the track... DANDELION (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 9 - 26, 1966 and June 12 -13, 1967. Rel: Aug. 18, 1967 (UK B-Side, US 45) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals*, Maracas. K. Richard: 12 string Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Harpsichord, Saxophone. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. First the song was demoed as "Sometimes Happy, Sometimes Blue" with Keith running through guide vocal with 'la-la' words at one November session; the track then became known as "Fairground". It's not known whether the body of the track was recorded in 1967. The sound of the track argues against this, to me, at least. *One backing vocal seems to be raised in pitch artificially. IF YOU LET ME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 9 - 26, 1966. Rel: June 6, 1975 (METAMORPHOSIS) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Guitar (?). B. Jones: Guitar (?), Electric Piano (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Electric Piano (?). Also recorded at these sessions: 'finishing up' Godzi and GET YOURSELF TOGETHER, plus TROUBLE IN MIND and ENGLISH SUMMER (Set for a single, but unreleased and unbooted.) At the December session a song, possibly just a rhythm track or working title called 'It's Been Quiet Here At Home' was laid down. GOT LIVE IF YOU WANT IT! (US LP) Released December 9, 1966. UNDER MY THUMB (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (Live): Oct. 1, 1966 (Studio): Oct. 11 - 20, 1966 (approx.) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Marimba (?)* All studio overdubs performed on these dates, so it would be redundant to repeat these dates for every track. The CD version reportedly has a different intro by the M.C. *Inadequently miked. Unless Keith stupidly overdubbed a second guitar in the studio, that must be Stu on marimba, as two guitars can be clearly heard. GET OFF OF MY CLOUD (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (live): Oct. 1, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal. C. Watts: Drums. LADY JANE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (live): Oct. 7, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Vocal. K. Richard: Electric Guitar. B. Jones: Electric Dulcimer. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Reportedly the first electric dulcimer, this instrument was stolen from a dressing room in 1967. NOT FADE AWAY (Hardin, Petty) Rec: (live): Oct. 7, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Vocal, Maracas. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Tambourine. Mounted on the kit. presumably. I don't have a current copy of some of these songs on this wretched album, only a shortened English version released as a compilation called GIMMIE SHELTER - the London CD' has gone awol - so can't check up on what I'd written about this record. I presume you'll correct where appropriate. THE LAST TIME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (live): Oct. 1 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Lead / Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Lead Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal. C. Watts: Drums. 19th NERVOUS BREAKDOWN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (live): Oct. 1, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. TIME IS ON MY SIDE (Meade) Rec: (live): Oct. 7, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocal. C. Watts: Drums. I'M ALRIGHT (McDaniel) Rec: (live): Oct. 7, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Maracas. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. HAVE YOU SEEN YOUR MOTHER, BABY, STANDING IN THE SHADOW? (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (live): Oct. 7, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocal. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. (I CAN'T GET NO) SATISFACTION (Jagger, Richard) Rec: (live): Oct. 7, 1966 + studio. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Tambourine, Handclaps. K. Richard: Rhythm / Lead Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Lead / Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Interestingly, despite the cover' s claim, this album was not recorded at London's Royal Albert Hall, but in Newcastle and Bristol. Old studio versions of FORTUNE TELLER and I'VE BEEN LOVING YOU TOO LONG had crowd noise spliced in during the mixing of the LP in October. Studio overdubs seem mainly to consist of vocals. THEIR SATANIC MAJESTIES REQUEST (LP) Released December 8, 1967 SING THIS ALL TOGETHER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: July 7 -22, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Percussion. K. Richard: Guitar and Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar, Hand-Drums (?), and Backing Vocals. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocals, Percussion. C. Watts: Drum, Backing Vocals, Percussion. Nicky Hopkins: Piano, Mellotron, Backing Vocals, Percussion (?). Eddie Kramer, Miles, Robert Fraser, Marianne Faithfull, Tom Keylock, John Lennon (?), Paul McCartney (?), Anita Pallenberg, Suki Poitier (?), Glyn Johns, Shirley Watts (?), Astrid Wyman: Backing Vocals, Hand-Drums, Tambourine, Guiros, Congas, Bongos, Cowbell(s), Glockenspiel, Maracas, Shaker, Claves, Bells, Assorted percussion.* plus uncredited trumpets, poss. featuring Eddie Thornton. Obviously the percussion is impossible to attribute. "Bangin' that pot!" according to Brian. Pot as in recepticle, not weed! *The crowd is a bet-hedging based on reports. Some reports claim the two Beatles, there for We love You, Sang this All Together too. CITADEL (Jagger, Richard) Rec: June 9 and Oct. 2 - 5, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead Vocals, Backing Vocals, Maracas. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Mellotron, Saxophone, Harpsichord (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Harpsichord (?), Piano. Mixed down or out of the final mix, but present during the rhythm track recordings. Nicky is the safest bet for the harpsichord. IN ANOTHER LAND (Bill Wyman) Rec: Feb. 14 and 22, July 7 - 22, 1967. M. Jagger: Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Mellotron. B. Wyman: Lead Vocals, Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Harpsichord, Piano. Steve Marriott: Backing Vocals, Guitar (?). Working titles incuded 'Bill's Tune' and 'Acid In The Grass'. Fitted with tremolo. The track at the end of Bill asleep, is credited on the tape box as "Snoring" (Wyman). The idea that no Stones were present is a myth, as they are heard on the original recording tapes in February. The vocal sessions were not til July, which is when Marriott recorded his contribution. Marriott's Small Faces partner Ronnie Lane was also reputed to be there, according to one source. But if he is, he' s inaudible. Marriott's and the Stones' overdubbed backing vocals don't match, as can be proved by isolating each speaker. 2000 MAN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 10 - 30, Sept. 1- 7, 1967, Oct. 16, 21 and 23, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano, Organ. SING THIS ALL TOGETHER (SEE WHAT HAPPENS) (Jagger, Richard) Rec: July 7 -22, 1967.* M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocals, Handclaps, Percussion, Bongos (?). K. Richard: Guitar and Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar, Mellotron (?), Backing Vocals, Hand-Drums, Flute, Saxophone. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocals, Percussion. C. Watts: Drums, Percussion, Backing Vocals, Cymbals, Tympani (?). Nicky Hopkins: Piano, Mellotron, Backing Vocals, Percussion. Eddie Kramer, Miles, Robert Fraser, Marianne Faithfull, Tom Keylock, John Lennon (?), Paul McCartney (?), Anita Pallenberg, Suki Poitier (?), Glyn Johns, Shirley Watts (?), Astrid Wyman: Backing Vocals, Hand-Drums, Tambourine, Guiros, Congas, Bongos, Cowbell(s), Glockenspiel, Maracas, Shaker, Claves, Bells, Assorted percussion. plus uncredited trumpets, poss. featuring Eddie Thornton. Recorded with SING THIS ALL TOGETHER in one twelve minute track. On the LP, this track is suffixed with: COSMIC CHRISTMAS (Jagger, Richard? Wyman?) This is the snippet at the end, produced and engineered by Wyman, of a tortuous rendition of "We Wish You A Merry Christmas" electronically altered, and the slowed-down Stones chanting "We Hate You" - Nice. The track was listed on the tape box, but was not listed on the LP sleeve. SHE'S A RAINBOW (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 18, June 12 - 13, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead, Harmony and Backing Vocals, Tambourine (?), Congas (?). K. Richard: 12 string Acoustic Guitar, Backing and Harmony Vocals, Guitar. B. Jones: Mellotron, Violin (?), Viola (?), Cello (?).* B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums, Congas (?), Tambourine (?). Nicky Hopkins: Piano. John Paul Jones: String Arrangement. Eddie Kramer: Congas or Tambourine.(?)*** The working title was 'Lady Fair'. Then it became 'Flowers in Her / Your Hair". One set of Backing Vocals was electronically sped up. On a brass setting. Photos and Keith's remembrences (admittedly shaky) say that Brian was possibly an entire overdubbed string quartet. Go figure! While this may or may not be true, it was worth a mention. **Two sets of percussion plus drums are heard simultaneously on the live rhythm track. As engineer Kramer played percussion elsewhere on the album, I've named him as a likely candidate for either the congas or tambourine, though Mick is most likely the tambourine. THE LANTERN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: July 7-22 and Oct. 2 - 5, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocals. K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars, Harmony Vocals. B. Jones: Slide Guitar and Mellotron. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. plus uncredited trumpets, possibly feautring Eddie Thornton. GOMPER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 10 - 30 and Sept. 1 - 7, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Percussion. K. Richard: Electric Guitar and Harmony Vocal. B. Jones: Sitar, Panflute, Morrocan Drum. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Tabla. Nicky Hopkins: Mellotron. Originally known as "The Lady, The Lillies and the Lake". 2000 LIGHT YEARS FROM HOME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Aug. 10 - 30 and Sept. 1 - 7, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Maracas. K. Richard: Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Mellotron. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Eddie Kramer: Claves.* This originally featured a strange intro with children chanting the Stones' names like a nursery rhyme. Jagger's backing vocal is electronically sped up. *Mixed down. ON WITH THE SHOW (Jagger, Richard) Rec: July 7 - 22, 1967. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Maracas (?), Claves (?), Guiro (?), Cowbell (?), Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Harp, Mellotron. B. Wyman: Bass, Maracas (?), Claves (?), Guiro (?), Cowbell (?), Tambourine (?). C. Watts: Drums, Maracas (?), Claves (?), Guiro (?), Cowbell (?), Tambourine (?). Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Eddie Kramer: Maracas (?), Claves (?), Guiro (?), Cowbell (?), Tambourine (?).** An actual stringed harp, not a harmonica. Obviously the percussion overdubs are hard to accredit. I've just listed what there is and the usual suspects to be on the safe side. OTHER SONGS RECORDED AT THESE SESSIONS: WE LOVE YOU (Jagger, Richard) Rec: June 12 - 13 and July 7 - 22, 1967. Rel: Aug. 18, 1967 (UK. 45, US B-Side) M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Mellotron. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. John Lennon: Backing Vocals. Paul McCartney: Backing Vocals. Originally this was to be the title track of the album which became Satanic Majesties. Other, unreleased songs recorded during 1967 include: SOUL BLUES, MAJESTIC HONKY TONK and GOLD PAINTED NAILS (all instrumentals / rhythm tracks - 'Nails' features a nice Jones harmonica track). These are all available on bootleg; February runthroughs of DUST MY BROOM and TROUBLE IN MIND, which aren't; unless 'Mind' consisted on overdubs to the 1966 version; early, tentative instrumental stabs at CHILD OF THE MOON (Oct.), and YOU CAN'T ALWAYS GET WHAT YOU WANT (Feb.) - plus a host of working titles and things that could be working titles, plus insturmentals and rhythm tracks and unfinished songs about which nothing can be said for certain: Blues 1, Title 9 (aka Rock n' Roll Tune), Title 10, Blues III, Title 5, Blues Jam (all Feb.); Blow Me Mama (March); Manhole Cover, Surprise Me; She's Doing Her Thing, Bathroom / Toilet and Fly High As A Kite (all October). BEGGARS BANQUET (LP) Released December 6, 1968 SYMPATHY FOR THE DEVIL (Jagger, Richard) Rec: June 4-10, 1968. M. Jagger: Lead / Backing Vocals, Hand-Drum. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Bass, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals. B. Wyman: Maracas, Cabasa, Backing Vocals.* C. Watts: Drums, Backing Vocals. Nicky Hopkins: Piano.** Rocky Dijon: Congas, Cowbell (?). Jimmy Miller: Cowbell (?). Marianne Faithfull, Anita Pallenberg**, Glyn Johns (?): Backing Vocals. The working title was 'The Devil Is My Name'. Recorded on one of the days was a jam, possibly known as LADY or 'London Jam', featuring Watts on tabla and Wyman on acoustic guitar. LADY may be something else, recorded on May 13 - 21, 1968. Wyman played bass on the early takes. *Hopkins played organ on early takes. **Sometimes misidentfied as Suki Poitier, Brian girlfriend at the time. NO EXPECTATIONS (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 13 - 21, June 4 - 10, 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Acoustic Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Claves. I. Stewart: Organ. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. An alternate take is found on bootleg. DEAR DOCTOR (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 13 -21, 1968. M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocals. K. Richard: Vocal and Acoustic Guitars. B.Jones: Harmonica. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Cymbal, Tambourine. Nicky Hopkins: 'Barrelhouse' Piano. An alternate take, Take One, is found on bootleg. It features a single Jagger vocal, rather than the Jagger / Richard duet found on the LP. A mix of Taek Two, the album take is to be found also, with one Jagger vocal. PARACHUTE WOMAN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 17 - Apr. 1, June 30 and July 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocals and Harmonica. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Slide Guitar (?). B. Jones: Slide Guitar (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Dave Mason: Lead Guitar. JIGSAW PUZZLE (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 17 - Apr. 1, June 30 and July 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Acoustic Guitar (?). K. Richard: Slide Guitar, Acoustic Guitar (?). B. Jones: Flute. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Reportedly Jagger made his debut on acoustic guitar on this LP; this seems to be the most likely suspect, but Keith is an even likelier suspect still. In the spirit of hedging my bets, I've mentioned Jagger on guitar here. I think it's Keith though. STREET FIGHTING MAN (Jagger, Richard)* Rec: Feb. - Mar, Mar. 17 - Apr. 1, May 13 - 21, June 30 - July 1968*. M. Jagger: Lead and Harmony Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitars, Bass, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Tamboura. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Jimmy Miller: Claves, Tambourine. Dave Mason: Shehnai. Originally known as 'Primo Grande', then announced as a single under the title DID EVERYBODY PAY THEIR DUES? (aka PAY YOUR DUES) - see entry below. *An alternate mix was pressed as the US single, then recalled swiftly. PRODIGAL SON (Rev. Robert Wilkins) Rec: May 13 -21, June 24 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Aocustic Guitar. B. Jones: Harmonica. C. Watts: Drum, Cymbal. Ry Cooder: Aocustic Guitar. Mistakenly credited to Jagger, Richard on some LP pressings. STRAY CAT BLUES (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Apr. 3, May 13 - 21, 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars. B. Jones: Mellotron. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Rocky Dijon: Congas. An alternate mix exists on bootleg, with extra vocals at the end. FACTORY GIRL (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 13 - 21, 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitars. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Bongos. Dave Mason: Mandolin. Ric Gretsch: Fiddle. SALT OF THE EARTH (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 9 - 10, 13 - 21, June 30 and July 1968. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Lead Vocal and Acoustic Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. plus uncredited backing singers "from Watts". The working title of this song was 'Silver Blanket'. OTHER SONGS RECORDED DURING THESE SESSIONS: JUMPIN' JACK FLASH (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 17- Apr. 1, Apr. 20, Apr. 27, 1968. Rel: May 24, 1968 (UK 45). M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Harmonica. K. Richard: Lead Guitar, Bass, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Rhythm Guitar, Maracas. B. Wyman: Organ. **. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano (?). The working title of this song was 'Title 5'. Bill Wyman actually came up with the riff. (See below). A different, faster version was recorded on Apr. 27 for the promo video. A take featuring just the rhythm track and backing vocals exists on bootleg. **Keith definitely plays bass on 'Flash'. Wyman wrote the riff on electric piano, and states in his new book that he's the organ on the track.... CHILD OF THE MOON (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 17 - Apr. 1, 1968. Rel: May 24, 1968 (UK B-Side)*. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Saxophones. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano, Organ. An alternate, acoustic version of CHILD OF THE MOON was recorded during these sessions, featuring a country style piano from Nicky Hopkins. It remains unreleased and unbooted. A take sans the lead vocal has been booted though. *Jones actually wanted this song as the A-Side of the single. DID EVERYBODY PAY THEIR DUES? (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Feb / Mar., Mar. 17 - Apr. 1, Apr. 3, 1968. Rel: Bootleg only. M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitars, Bass, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Tamboura. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Jimmy Miller: Tambourine, Claves. Ric Gretsch: Electric Violin. Dave Mason: Shehnai. Roger Chapman, Jim King*: Backing Vocals. After which it became STREET FIGHTING MAN and the lyrics and mix were changed. Whilst it was still 'Primo Grande' it was subject to a runthrough at Keith' shouse, Redlands, in February or March 1968, along with informal stabs at ROCK ME, BABY and HOLD ON, I'M COMING. *From the band Family. No relation to... FAMILY (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 13 - 21, June 28 ,1968. Rel: June 6, 1975 (LP, METAMORPHOSIS) M. Jagger: Vocal, Maracas, Tambourine (?). K. Richard: Acoustic and Electric Guitar. B. Jones: Acoustic Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Jimmy Miller: Tambourine (?). *An electric take of FAMILY was also run through during these sessions. At the June sessions, three cuts were laid down about which nothing is known: 'Too Far To Walk', 'Power Cut' and 'Thief for the Blues' - were they rhythm tracks, working titles or finished songs? DOWNTOWN SUZIE (Wyman) Rec: May 13 - 21, 1968, Apr. 23, 1969. Rel: June 6, 1975 (LP, METAMORPHOSIS)** M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals., Bongos (?), Handclaps. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Backing Vocals, Handclaps (?). B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass, Backing Vocals (?), Handclaps.(?). C. Watts: Drums, Handclaps (?). Rocky Dijon: Bongos (?). Sometimes known as 'Downtown Lucy' or 'Sweet Lucy'. Wyman pulled it off Beggars Banquet himself because he didn't feel it met the standard of the LP! Wyman told me in 2000 that Jagger 'took the mickey' out of [mocked] Wyman's singing, therefore Jagger sang it himself. Wyman also noted that Jagger mocked the song too! TWO TRAINS RUNNING (STILL A FOOL) (Morganfield) Rec: May 13 - 21, 1968. Rel: Bootleg only.** M. Jagger: Lead Vocal and Harmonica. K. Richard: Guitar. B. Jones: Slide Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. Also recorded at these sessions were the elusive LADY and the soulful STUCK OUT ALL ALONE (aka Hamburger To Go), which has been booted, plus the fantastic BLOOD RED WINE, a brooding acoustic ballad which, despite being a little out of tune at the beginning, easily rates, like TWO TRAINS RUNNING, among the very best unreleased Stones songs. One of the lyrical themes were re-used for WINTER. A ten minute blues, this is absolutely fantastic. Also recorded in May, 1968 were early takes of SISTER MORPHINE and LOVE IN VAIN. LET IT BLEED (LP) Released December 5, 1969 GIMME SHELTER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Feb. 23 - 25, March 15, Oct. 18, Oct. 28 - Nov. 3, 1969. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal, Harmonica. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Jimmy Miller: Guiro, Maracas, Afuche. Merry Clayton: Vocal.** A version exists with Keith doing the guide vocal. Those 'ooo's' at the beginning are apparently Keith, strangely enough. Taped in November. Bonnie Bramlett was the Stones' first choice. LOVE IN VAIN (Robert Johnson) Rec: May 23, 1968, and Mar. 24, 26, 27, 1969. M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic and Slide Guitars. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Ry Cooder: Mandolin. Credited to Jagger / Richard on some early pressings, later amended to 'Woody Payne'. COUNTRY HONK (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 12 - June 7, June 10- July 12, Nov. 2 - 3, 1969. M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar, Harmony Vocal. C. Watts: Drums. Mick Taylor: Slide Guitar. Byron Berline: Fiddle. Sam Cutler: Car Horn. Nanette Newman: Backing Vocal. Actually added in the studio, rather than as a passing car on the fiddle track, which has always been claimed to have been recorded outside. A 'clean' version with no outdoor effects exists on bootleg. LIVE WITH ME (Jagger, Richard) Rec: May 12 - June 7, Nov. 2 - 3, 1969 M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Rhythm Guitar, Bass, Backing Vocals. C. Watts: Drums. Mick Taylor: Lead / Rhythm Guitar. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Bobby Keys: Saxophone. Leon Russell: Piano*, Horn Arrangement. The May 14 session was his audition; the May 24 session was his first session as a Stone. *Added in November. LET IT BLEED (Jagger, Richard) Rec: March 9, June 10 - July 2, 1969 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals. K. Richard: Electric Slide and Acoustic Guitars. B. Wyman: Bass, Autoharp. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano. The working title of this song was 'If You Need Someone'. MIDNIGHT RAMBLER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Feb. 9 - 10, Mar. 10 - 11, 1969 M. Jagger: Lead and Backing Vocals, Harmonica. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars. B. Jones: Tribal Drums. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Two massive drums, played in the middle section after Mick sings "Well, you heard about the Boston...". They look like huge doubeks, but are played with beaters. A photo from this session, with Brian preparing these drums, was used as the cover to THE PROMOTIONAL ALBUM in late 1969. YOU GOT THE SILVER (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Feb. 9 - 10, 17, 18, 1969. K. Richard: Lead Vocal, Electric, Slide and Acoustic Guitars. B. Jones: Autoharp. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano, Organ. A version with Jagger on lead vocal was taped at this session. It's available on bootleg. MONKEY MAN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Apr. 17, 19, 20, 22, June 10 - July 2, 1969.** M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars. B. Wyman: Bass, Vibes. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. Jimmy Miller: Tambourine. The working title for this song was 'Positano Primo'. Positano was the place in Italy where Mick and Keith had written the song. At the April sessions, the Stones also recorded a song (which could be a working title) called WHEN OLD GLORY COMES ALONG. It hasn't been booted. At the June / July sessions, the Stones recorded a marathon numbers of tracks, bound for different fates: JIVING SISTER FANNY (a 12 bar chugger), I'M GOING DOWN (which was worked on July 14 -1 5, 1970, wherein Stephen Stills overdubbed guitar and Bill Plumme dubbed upright bass) and I DON'T KNOW WHY (a Stevie Wonder song that also exists in a longer version on bootleg) - these three all ended up on Metamorphosis in 1975; DON' T KNOW WHY was an unsanctioned A-Side in May 1975 and JIVING was likewise a B-Side in August of that year also. Both flopped). Exile's SWEET VIRGINIA and STOP BREAKING DOWN began their life here, dubbed and overdubbed during the 1970 - 72 period, and an acoustic, much-booted demo of ALL DOWN THE LINE with incomplete words was laid down too. The beginnings of the official take were taped later in the month. The Exile quintet (see below for info on SHINE A LIGHT) are completed by a completely different take at LOVING CUP, here called 'Gimme a Drink' and played at Hyde Park in July. The alternate take is 6:30 long and is available on boot. The official take, sans overdubs and running 5:42, was also reputedly put down at this time. Finally, there was the unbooted THE VULTURE (unless it's also known as (I'M A) HIGHWAY CHILD, in which case it has been booted.), TOSS THE COIN (which is definitely unbooted), plus the booted I DON'T THE REASON WHY, a seven and a half minute track heavily featuring Bobby Keys. YOU CAN'T ALWAYS GET WHAT YOU WANT (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 16, 17, 1968 and March 15, 1969. M. Jagger: Lead Vocals, Maracas (?). K. Richard: Electric and Acoustic Guitars. B. Wyman: Bass. Jack Nitszche: Choral Arrangements, Maracas (?). Al Kooper: Piano, Organ, French Horn. Jimmy Miller: Drums, Maracas (?). Rocky Dijon: Congas, Tambourine. Nanette Newman, Madeline Bell, Doris Troy: Backing Vocals, Handclaps. plus the London Bach Choir*. Brian Jones missed these sessions, preferring to 'read a book on Botany'. A single version, two and a half minutes shorter than the album version was released as the B-Side of HONKY TONK WOMEN. Added at the 1969 session. OTHER SONGS RECORDED AT THESE SESSIONS: HONKY TONK WOMEN [VERSION ONE] (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Mar. 10 - 11, 16?), May 12, 14, 25, 28, 1969. Rel: Not released. M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Jones: Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Nicky Hopkins: Piano. S. Gregory: Sax. G. Beadle: Sax. Madeline Bell (and others): Backing Vocals.** Ry Cooder claims the Stones stole this from him. Brian Jones' father claims that Brian arranged it. At this session the Stones recorded something called 'Pennies From Heaven', which became something else (we don't know what), and a song called THE JIMMY MILLER SHOW. What that is is unknown, as it's never been booted. Recorded on 25 May. *Recorded on 28 May. Scrapped in favour of: HONKY TONK WOMEN (Jagger, Richard) Rec: June 1 - 7, 1969. Rel: July 3, 1969 (UK / US 45) M. Jagger: Lead Vocals. K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. I. Stewart: Piano.(?) Nicky Hopkins: Piano (?) Mick Taylor: Lead Guitar. Bobby Keys: Saxophones.(?) S. Gregory: Sax (?). G. Beadle: Sax (?). Jimmy Miller: Cowbell. Reparta and the Delrons (Mary Aiese, Lorainne Mazzola and Nanette Licars): Backing Vocals.(?) Nanette Newman: Backing Vocals (?). Brian Jones' guitar tracks were presumably wiped and replaced with Taylor's. Taylor apparently plays the fills in between verses. MEMO FROM TURNER (Stones version) (Jagger, Richard) Rec: Nov. 17, 1968. Rel: June 6 ,1975 (LP, METAMORPHOSIS) M. Jagger: Lead Vocals, Acoustic Guitar (?). K. Richard: Lead and Rhythm Guitars, Acoustic Guitars (?). B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Al Kooper: Piano, Organ. Jagger is more likely to have been acoustic guitar here. This is not the version released on single, for the Performance soundtrack, but the rejected Stones version. The other version featured Mick and members of Traffic. Jagger also recorded a short, solo acoustic COME ON IN MY KITCHEN for the soundtrack, accompanying ihmself on guitar. Also, Jagger delivered the Moog based insturmental soundtrack for Kenneth Anger's Invocation of My Demon Brother (rel. 1969) at around this time. The next thing the Stones recorded, on Dec 10 - 11, 1968, was the Rock N' Roll Circus program, which was eventually released in 1996. The Stones, augmented by Nicky Hopkins (piano) and Rocky Dijon (congas, maracas), played: JUMPIN' JACK FLASH, PARACHUTE WOMAN (feat. Mick on harmonica), YOU CAN'T ALWAYS GET WHAT YOU WANT, NO EXPECTATIONS (plus an unreleased alternat etake with Mick on acoustic guitar), SYMPATHY FOR THE DEVIL (w/ Brian uncomfortably shuffling the maracas), ROUTE 66 (unreleased), YONDER' S WALL (unreleased), WALKIN' BLUES (unreleased), CONFESSIN' THE BLUES (unreleased) and sang along with the track of SALT OF THE EARTH. In addition, Keith played bass with 'The Dirty Mac', John Lennon's ad hoc band. Multiple takes of most of the Stones songs were recorded. Two weeks previous, the Stones laid down a track of SYMPATHY FOR THE DEVIL for Frost on Saturday. Keith sang back-ups, played guitar and (uncommonly) a bit of tambourine, Rocky Dijon played congas, Brian played piano and he and Bill apparently sang back-ups into 'dead' mikes, according to James Karnbach. Unfortunately , this program has not turned up on bootleg audio or video. SISTER MORPHINE (Jagger, Richard, Faithfull) Rec: March 22 - 23, 28, 30, 31**, 1969 Rel: April 23, 1971 (LP, STICKY FINGERS) M. Jagger: Lead Vocal. K. Richard: Acoustic Guitar. B. Wyman: Bass. C. Watts: Drums. Jack Nitszche: Piano. Ry Cooder: Slide Guitar. Faithfull was not mentioned on early pressing of Sticky Fingers. Brian Jones attempted to play on this early take, unsucessfully on congas, then on harmonica. Mick told him to "just go home". A song named I WAS A COUNTRY BOY was laid down on the March 23 session. The instrumental track is available on bootleg, but reputably a vocal version exists. Jones apparently plays on this. The Stones (sans Brian) also recorded a jam they dubbed 'Busk Up' on this day. ***Also recorded (without Brian) at this session were two booted rhythm tracks, 'French Gig' and 'Aladdin Story', and an ealry stab at SHINE A LIGHT, from Exile on Main St. The Stones had another bash at this on June 10 - July 2, 1969 and July 23, 1970 and finally Dec. 1971 - Mar. 1972. They returned to 'Aladdin Story' on Oct. 17 -31, 1970. Next Jagger, Wyman, Watts, Nicky Hopkins and Ry Cooder recorded a 'jam' album waiting for Keith or Brian to show up (they never did) on April 23 , 1969. This was released as JAMMING WITH EDWARD (Edward being Hopkins' nickname) in 1972. The LP consisted of: BLOW WITH RY, BOUDOIR STOMP, EDWARD' S THRUMP UP, INTERLUDE A LA EL HOPO, HIGHLAND FLING and IT HURTS ME TOO. Left on the cutting room floor were CURTIS MEETS SMOKEY, SO FINE (the old 50s number by the Fiestas, also covered by Clarence White on the Byrds' Farther Along LP?)and another stab at / ovedubs on Wyman's DOWNTOWN SUZIE. Jagger plays harmonica and sings a little, particularly on IT HURTS ME TOO. Six days later, the Stones (minus Brian, but plus Stu) recorded another jam they dubbed 'Mucking About'. They would commit an untitled blues jam to tape on June 14 too. Brian, meanwhile, was spending his last month alive taping his own songs at his home. Some are untitled blues instrumentals, but some are actual songs with vocals, most notably CHOW TIME and HAS ANYBODY SEEN MY BABY? (ironically close to the name of a 1997 Stones single). These remain unbooted. Brian was also reportedly fond of singing Dylan's 'To Be Alone With You' at this time, so maybe that would've been taped. Precious little exists of Brian's solo output - aside from the Degree of Murder soundtrack, composed by Brian and featuring Jimmy Page, Kenny Jones and singer Peter Gosling - but NME journalist Keith Altham remembers hearing a strange, experimental tape that sounded like chanting c. 1966 and ex-girlfriend Linda Lawrence says that Brian played her his songs regularly but dismissed them as "too sentimental". Apparently they were "romantic and spiritual" and "about his feelings". Jones left some of them with Al Aronowitz. The lyric sheet is titled "(THANK YOU) FOR BEING THERE?! and some of it runs thus: A need for satisfaction grows, But they're stories to be told. Of experience and fantasies Of visions and fears. But when the visions fade - you'll be there. The Brian Jones era was over. Phew -- that's it! This is the most updated version there is - Version 1.4 (!). Stephen Carter and "Stephanjnj" and a few other guys on the Stones NG were very helpful, so I think it's only fair I mention them. __________________________________________________ HERE'S THE LYRICS TO "THANK YOU FOR BEING THERE", WRITTEN BY BRIAN!: (source--Mandy Aftel's book Death of A Rolling Stone, the Brian Jones Story) As each sharp outline Of each pounding musical line The scornful dancing lady dressed In black at last reveals She really isn't there at all She simply isn't real. So thank you for being there -My love At least I know that you're real. As I speak with you of love -In metaphors and in code A need for satisfaction grows But they're stories still to be told Of experience and fantasies Of vision and of fears But when the visions fade -you'll be there Thank you for being there my love Then I know that you're real. If the lashing tail of paranoic fears Strike my smarting face And puts everything in its place. So shush, my love, Your look and your touch can leave everything unsaid And I can face all those little people Thank you for being there, my love At last I've found someone who's real. The maniacal choirs that screamed out a warning Now sings a lullaby The walls that crashed to bury you and me Now shelter our hideaway Thank you for being there, my love At last I've found someone that's real Thank you for being there, my love At last I know that you're real.	Beggars Banquet
What is the name of Catherine Zeta Jones character in Chicago	’68 Flashback: The Rolling Stones Make Beggars Banquet and Lose Brian Jones―The Band’s Original Blues Heart and Soul ’68 Flashback: The Rolling Stones Make Beggars Banquet and Lose Brian Jones Ted Drozdowski \| 04.23.2008 By early 1968, quaaludes, acid, weed, and booze had taken their toll on guitarist Brian Jones. As the rest of the Rolling Stones toiled in the studio, the once Apollonian rock star straggled in whenever he pleased, sometimes so dazed that Keith Richards and Mick Jagger would beg producer Jimmy Miller to boot him out?or at least keep him isolated from the rest of the band while they were recording so the inappropriate parts he’d play didn’t bleed into anybody else’s microphone. Nonetheless, by the time Beggars Banquet was completed, Jones had left his imprint on the album, playing slide beautifully on “No Expectations,” adding melodic sitar and Eastern European tambura to “Street Fighting Man,” coloring “Jigsaw Puzzle” and “Stray Cat Blues” with mellotron, and blowing blues harp on “Dear Doctor,” “Parachute Woman,” and “Prodigal Son.” No matter how difficult to achieve Jones’ contributions may have been, they are indelible parts of a historic album and, at their best, a reminder that Jones was at one time the Stones’ musical heart and soul. At the time Jones was still a crown prince of the international rock scene. In London he’d been instrumental in bringing attention to Jimi Hendrix; in the States he’d been a conduit for the English bands that played 1967’s Monterey International Pop Festival; and in far-off Joujouka, he’d helped musician and journalist Robert Palmer bring the Master Musicians to the attention of the Western world. But a little more than six months after the December ’68 release of Beggars Banquet, Jones would be found dead in his swimming pool . Before he became the lead role in his own rock tragedy, Jones was a schoolboy who fell in love with jazz and blues: first Charlie Parker and then Elmore James, Robert Johnson, and Muddy Waters. He even gave himself the stage name Elmo Lewis when he began playing blues in London’s clubs during the early ’60s, and former Stones’ bassist Bill Wyman claims Jones was among the very first young British bluesmen to play slide. It was Jones who recruited Jagger for his band after he met the rubber hipped singer at a jam session with fellow English blues pioneer Alexis Korner’s group at London’s Ealing Club. Jagger in turn brought in his pal Richards, and with the addition of Ian Stewart on piano and some inspiration from a Muddy Waters’ song, the Rolling Stones were formed. Jones taught Jagger harmonica and was the band’s indisputable leader in its early years, dredging his record collection for material to adapt with the group’s youthful energy. In those days it was Jones who lit up the stage, swaying and weaving with his guitar and harmonica while Jagger stood stock still as he sang. Jones also booked the gigs and plugged the shows to promoters and the press. Those jobs were surrendered to manager Andrew Loog Oldham when he signed on, leaving Jones to tend to the music until the Jagger/Richards imprinted songs began arriving with greater frequency and the nucleus of the Rolling Stones reconfigured around their creative partnership. Jones and Richards developed the dual-guitar interplay that became the band’s hallmark while listening to the Chicago blues tag-team of Eddie Taylor and Jimmy Reed on Reed’s hits like “Big Boss Man” and “Baby What You Want Me to Do.” But Jones’ abilities as an instrumentalist stretched well beyond the customs of blues. From the 1964 debut album The Rolling Stones to Beggars Banquet, besides guitar, sitar, harmonica, mellotron, and tambura, Jones can be heard playing dulcimer, organ, recorder, congas, xylophone, accordion, harpsichord, sax, and oboe, and singing harmony. His main instruments, though, were his guitars: primarily a green Gretsch Double Anniversary model and the teardrop shaped Vox Phantom Mark III that would become his signature axe. For electric 12-strings, he relied on Rickenbackers. Jones also played a Gibson Les Paul , an ES-330 , and a clutch of Firebirds , and typically pumped his guitars through Vox AC-30s. With the Stones, Jones cemented his blues credentials as well as the band’s. In addition to original songs written under the inspiration of their African-American idols, the early Stones dipped into the genre’s canon with Jones at the fore. He played slide on Rolling Stones recordings of Howlin’ Wolf’s “Little Red Rooster,” harmonica on Waters’ “I Just Want to Make Love to You” (and the Stones-penned tribute to Chess Studios, “2120 South Michigan Avenue”), and sang harmony on their chart busting Irma Thomas cover “Time is on My Side,” among other tunes. Mick Jagger has long been criticized?even by Keith Richards?for dabbling in trends with the Stones. That practice may have started with the album just before Beggars Banquet, the still hotly debated Their Satanic Majesties Request. Although “She’s a Rainbow” made the Top 40 and the album hit No. 2 on the pop charts, many fans saw its spacey sonics?exemplified by “2000 Light Years from Home”?as a bid to cash in on the psychedelic rock craze, popularized in the London underground by Pink Floyd and in the international pop realm by innovative Beatles and Beach Boys albums. Beggars Banquet was a return to the R&B roots that made the Stones famous. It was also the first in a string of hallmark albums that would become the bedrock of their musical legacy, lasting through 1976’s Black and Blue. Although Richards was the driving chain of Beggars Banquet, he was still operating under the influence of Jones as much as that of his blues idols?even if Richards was disillusioned with Jones’ dissipation. Legend has it that if Jones was in the mood to play, he’d check the calendar to see if the Stones were in the studio. Then he’d show up at the session with whatever instrument he was currently infatuated with?sitar, tambura?and insist on playing it, appropriate or not. That didn’t improve Jones’ stock with his bandmates, who’d already put him on notice. Miller would typically place Jones in an isolation booth or behind baffles in the studio while the rest of the group recorded live to keep his sound away from the band’s. Still, Jones had flashes of brilliance, like the ringing slide on “No Expectations.” And his sitar and tambura were subtle textures with just enough paisley trimmings to help make “Street Fighting Man” sound like an anthem in 1968 instead of the mere pop song its authors had intended. When the disc was released, after the band struggled for several months with its record label over the bathroom wall graffiti album cover they’d designed, Beggars Banquet was the best LP the Stones had made to date, with a gritty sound that honored their history and a mature songwriting style that foreshadowed their future triumphs. Sadly, those were achieved without Jones. Despite warnings from Jagger and Richards after the entreaties of friendship failed, Jones continued his terrible downward slide. For the Stones’ next album, the magnificent country and blues inspired Let It Bleed, Jones contributed only congas to “Midnight Rambler” and autoharp to “You Got the Silver,” which features Richards’ first recorded lead vocal performance. Jones was dismissed during the sessions, in June 1969, and replaced in the band he’d started by Mick Taylor , the 20-year-old Les Paul wielding guitarist from John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers. That was arguably the beginning of the Stones’ greatest twin-guitar dynasty , with Taylor’s virtuosity lifting things up a notch. But days before Taylor stood in Jones’ shoes on stage for the first time, the band’s estranged founder was discovered on July 3, 1969, at the bottom of his swimming pool. Despite Jagger and Richards’ early emergence as the group’s star songwriting team, the sound of the first nine Stones albums and a stack of singles released from 1962 to 1968 all remain part of Jones’ enduring legacy. Click here for another '68 Flashback, an account of making Jimi Hendrix's Electric Ladyland.	i don't know
How old was Brian Jones when he died	Has the riddle of Rolling Stone Brian Jones's death been solved at last? \| Daily Mail Online Has the riddle of Rolling Stone Brian Jones's death been solved at last? By SCOTT JONES comments She was a tall, graceful woman who greeted me with a delicate handshake. As we chatted in her sitting room and she poured tea, I found it difficult to believe that this woman was once at the centre of one of pop's most mysterious deaths. Janet Lawson was the person who found Rolling Stones star Brian Jones dead at the bottom of his swimming pool on July 2, 1969. Officially, Jones, aged just 27, drowned while under the influence of drink and drugs. A verdict of death by misadventure was recorded at his inquest. Golden boy: Brian Jones in his heyday. But by 1969 his taste for drink and drugs had left him often incapable of recording or touring For almost 40 years, Janet Lawson kept her true identity and story private. But earlier this year, shortly before her death from cancer, she broke her silence and provided me with sworn testimony that threatens to turn the official version on its head. And my own investigations, accessing previously unpublished police and Public Records Office files, and interviewing officers who worked on the case, reveal serious flaws in the inquiry. Four decades on from the Brian Jones tragedy, I believe there is finally enough new evidence for the investigation to be reopened. I became interested in the Brian Jones case a couple of years ago when I found myself near the cemetery where the star is buried. As a Stones fan, I decided to visit his grave. In the soil next to it was a message from a fan promising to search for the 'truth'. I was sufficiently intrigued to start some research and, as a journalist and BBC producer, I was soon fascinated by the internet debate surrounding the fateful evening. Some bloggers claimed that Jones committed suicide, while others believed it was murder. The more outlandish conspiracy theorists played up the rift between Jones and his bandmates Mick Jagger and Keith Richards at the time of his death, suggesting they might have been involved. Less than a month before he died, Jones had been sacked from the Stones. Jones, a middle-class boy from Cheltenham, had formed and named the Rolling Stones in 1962. But by 1969 his appetite for drink and drugs left him often incapable of playing in the studio and he was certainly in no condition to go on the road, despite the fact the Stones had a profitable American tour planned. The night Jones died, according to the official version of events, there were three guests at his home, Cotchford Farm in Hartfield, East Sussex. They were Janet Lawson, a 26-year-old nurse who knew the musician through her boyfriend, Rolling Stones tour manager Tom Keylock; Frank Thorogood, 43, Jones's builder-cum-minder; and Anna Wohlin, Jones's girlfriend. All three gave statements to police within six hours of the death, saying that Jones was drunk or had been drinking. Lawson said he had been taking sleeping tablets. They all said they independently left the pool and went to separate areas of the house minutes before he drowned alone. I first made contact with Janet Lawson in the summer of last year. Although she was initially wary of my intentions, gradually we started talking more frequently and she seemed keen to tell her story. Rock 'n' roll lifestyle: Brian Jones in 1965 with his then girlfriend, model Anita Pallenberg At the end of our first conversation I asked: 'Do you mind if I call you next week?' Jan, as she called herself, said that would be fine, but then remembered something. 'I'm going into hospital for a few days, nothing really, so best leave it for a week or so,' she said. That 'nothing really' turned out to be a cancer check. The cancer would prove to be terminal and towards the end of July this year, Jan died peacefully at a hospice close to her home. When she agreed to tell her story she did not know she was dying - this was no deathbed confession. But as the cancer took hold she took some comfort from finally telling the truth. 'I've done it now,' she said during one of my visits, 'and I feel better for it.' One of the first things Jan was eager to do was to repudiate her own police statement. 'A pack of lies,' she told me. 'The policeman suggested most of what I said. It was a load of rubbish.' Hours after Jones's death, Jan had been taken to East Grinstead police station where she gave a statement to Detective Sergeant Peter Hunter, who is now retired. 'The police were trying to put words in my mouth,' Jan told me. 'They kept saying, "Did this happen or did it happen like this?" 'I was very tired, it was about four or five in the morning. I wanted to know if I would be able to give another statement later on because I was tired, confused and nervous. 'They said "Yes", so when the police asked me to give this statement, and they were suggesting all these things to me, I eventually said, "Yeah, yeah," to bring it to a close. 'I thought I would have another chance to give a statement where I could be clearer.' At the time of Jones's death, Jan had claimed that she was at his house because she had 'decided to spend a few days in the country'. In fact, she told me, her boyfriend Tom Keylock had asked her to go to 'keep an eye on Brian'. Keylock, who is still alive, was worried about Jones's health and also thought that there was tension between the guitarist and Thorogood. 'Frank was not doing the building work properly,' Jan told me. 'Brian had sacked him that day. 'There was something in the air. Frank was acting strangely, throwing his weight around a bit. In the early evening Frank, Anna, Brian and myself had dinner - steak and kidney pie.' After eating, the group returned to the garden where Jones and Thorogood larked about in the pool. Later, when Jones was in the pool by himself, he asked Janet to find his asthma inhaler. 'I went to look for it by the pool, in the music room, the reception room and then the kitchen. Frank came in in a lather. His hands were shaking. He was in a terrible state. I thought the worst almost straight away and went to the pool to check. 'When I saw Brian on the bottom of the pool and was calling for help, Frank initially did nothing. 'I shouted for Frank again as I ran towards the house, and he burst out before I reached it, ran to the pool and instantly dived in. But I had not said where Brian was. I thought, "How did he know Brian was at the bottom of the pool?" 'I ran back to the house and tried to call 999 but Anna was on the phone and would not get off it.' But in her original statement, Janet did not mention the tension between Jones and Thorogood, or the fact that she feared the worst as soon as she saw Thorogood coming in from the pool. Nor did she reveal how Thorogood initially ignored her cries for help or that he dived into the pool without her telling him that was where Jones was. Did she think Thorogood had killed Jones? The band: Brian Jones with fellow Stones Keith Richards, Mick Jagger, Bill Wyman and Charlie Watts in 1968 'Yes. I went into the house to look for Brian's inhaler. Frank jumped back in the pool, did something to Brian and by the time I came back, Brian was lying peacefully on the bottom of the pool with not a ripple in the water. 'I think because of the state that Frank was in, something had to have happened. I mean, why would Frank have been standing in the kitchen absolutely terrified if something hadn't happened?' Jan believed that Thorogood had not intended to kill Jones but the guitarist's death was probably the result of horseplay that had got out of hand. PC Albert Evans was the first officer on the scene, arriving at 12.10am on July 3 as ambulance crews tried to resuscitate Jones. He searched the house and took possession of a number of bottles of spirits and various pills. Now in his late 60s, Evans said his early impression was that there were initially more people around than the three witnesses represented in the official police file. So what did he think had happened? 'Some sort of altercation - drug-induced, alcohol-induced. It was Frank Thorogood who was mentioned - he was the one who had been in the pool with Brian Jones. 'There was nothing at the time to connect Thorogood with any more. Just feelings. I'm sure that Bob Marshall [the chief investigating officer] had those feelings very strongly. I shared these views with him. I think he said exactly the same to me.' In a private letter to the Sussex Chief Constable in 1994, written by Evans after he was contacted by a journalist, he stated: 'I personally was not convinced that we were given the correct story, as put forward by Thorogood. 'Indeed, I said exactly this to DCI Marshall at the time and he reasonably asked me why I thought so. Along with everyone else, I had no evidence to support my feelings other than the " policeman's instinct", but nevertheless these suspicions have remained with me down the years.' Evans was not asked to attend Jones's inquest. Another policeman on the scene in the early hours of July 3 was drugs squad officer PC Mike Harvey. He found five capsules of Durophet, a restricted drug known colloquially as Black Bombers, in Thorogood's coat. Thorogood told Harvey: 'I look after them for Brian so that he won't take too many at a time.' In other words, he was in unlawful possession of them. Court proceedings would normally have resulted, but Thorogood was only cautioned. I tracked down Harvey, who told me: 'A caution was quite unusual in those days. We were trying to stamp down hard on drugs so we couldn't say, "Just forget it," but given the circumstances, it didn't justify court proceedings. That was a decision made by a senior officer.' The death scene: The swimming pool at Cotchford Farm, East Sussex, where Jones died in 1969. Witnesses said he had been drinking and had also taken sleeping tablets That officer, according to Harvey, was Bob Marshall. For his part, Marshall said he had no knowledge of the drugs find and was not responsible for the decision to caution Thorogood. When Harvey met Sussex Chief Constable T. C. Williams at a prearranged interview at 9am that morning, Williams was already aware of the details of the case. Harvey added: 'He may have had some influence on it, I don't know. He knew Brian Jones was dead and we'd found some drugs in there. He didn't express an opinion but he would no doubt have discussed it.' Harvey's statement was never presented to the coroner, a fact that surprised retired Detective Inspector Stuart Booth, who during the Eighties and Nineties prepared Sussex Police's response to the media 'every time this case came up'. 'I would expect it to have gone before the coroner and people to have asked Frank Thorogood what drugs he gave to Brian Jones, how many, when, times and dates, where he got the drugs from and did he give any other unlawful drugs to Brian Jones that night, bearing in mind the toxicology report showed there was an unidentified purple spot found on the liver,' said Booth. He also told me a new file was opened on Jones by Sussex CID in 1983 to prepare a response to a book that claimed Brian was murdered by a gang of men who held him upside down in the pool. That claim was dismissed by the police but their file contained this statement: 'It is possible that Thorogood was larking about with Jones in the water and Jones subsequently drowned.' I met another Sussex officer who cannot be named but who knows the case well. He made claims about how Anna Wohlin's statement had been produced: 'Wohlin had been given sedatives by the doctor and had to be actually woken up during the interview. The WDC who wrote that statement was told what to write by Bob Marshall. Bob Marshall was controlling it, the evidence that was written down. He was pushing the buttons.' The officer told me a DCI would not 'push the buttons' without an order from above to do so. Marshall says nothing in Wohlin's statement was created or false. He denies manipulating the case or having orders from above to ensure a particular result was achieved. I mentioned that the Chief Constable knew about the drugs by 9am. 'Chief Constables were and still are political animals,' said the officer. 'If the Chief Constable knew drugs had been found in the house you'd expect him to say, "I want the man charged." Yet Thorogood was cautioned. 'You wouldn't do that unless you knew the Chief Constable was backing you. It was decided this information about the drugs find would not be given to the coroner. It's outrageous.' The key witness: Janet Lawson broke a 40-year silence just before her death to claim the statement she gave police was a 'pack of lies' When I telephoned Bob Marshall he insisted: 'It was clear to me within two or three hours of arriving at the scene that this was a tragic accident, a simple drowning.' Marshall retired in 1974 but he still keeps a detailed file on the case. In a letter to an author researching a book about Jones in 1991, he wrote: 'On the evening in question he [Jones] was at the farmhouse with some six or so associates, all of whom were entertaining themselves in their own way and with little concern for each other. 'Most, if not all, had been indulging in alcohol and perhaps drugs of some description. This made it difficult to get a precise account of the events of the evening. 'After carrying out what was a very thorough investigation, I was satisfied that this unfortunate death was accidental and at no time did I discover anything to warrant consideration of taking criminal proceedings against any person.' This letter captures all of Marshall's contradictions. He reveals there were more than three witnesses at the scene. Given that no attempt was made to trace the people who left, this would seem to call into question his claim to have carried out a 'thorough investigation'. Indeed, there is no evidence anywhere that the witnesses were questioned again when they sobered up. And given that Thorogood was found to be in unlawful possession of drugs, and admitted intending to supply them, there was clearly something to warrant criminal proceedings. Marshall also told me that Thorogood had 'rambled on he was owed a bit of money by Brian Jones'. This would be a possible motive for an attack. Marshall also maintained that Thorogood 'was never a suspect - he didn't have it in him to be violent', but his recollection seems to be at odds with the memory of PC Evans, and of Thorogood himself, who admitted on BBC's Crimewatch programme in the Nineties that police had told him they came close to charging him the night Jones died. When I asked Marshall questions, his line was the same: 'I am satisfied the coroner's verdict was the true and proper one.' I moved on to DS Hunter, now retired, and said I wanted to run a few things by him. 'I'd rather you didn't,' he replied. 'I'd rather you ran it by Bob Marshall.' However, Hunter did say: 'If Janet Lawson is saying I physically wrote her statement that is correct, but if she is saying I influenced the content of her statement that is not correct.' I approached Tom Keylock, now in his mid-80s, but he is in bad health and declined to comment. In the course of my research I came across a startling and previously unpublished report buried in a police file. It mentioned a murder attempt on Joan Fitzsimons, who had an on-off affair with the married Thorogood. Fitzsimons drove for her family's taxi firm in Chichester, West Sussex. She had driven Jones and his fellow Rolling Stone Keith Richards and occasionally stayed with Thorogood at Cotchford. She was also friends with Janet Lawson. Indeed, she had introduced Lawson to Tom Keylock. On July 26, 1969, Fitzsimons, then 29, was the victim of a vicious assault near Chichester which left her in a coma with a fractured skull and blinded for life. Her boyfriend, Jordanian Michael Ziyadeh, pleaded guilty to attempted murder and spent four years in Broadmoor before being deported. My initial request under the Freedom of Information Act to see the Sussex Police files on her case was rejected because they contained sexual information that could embarrass living persons. But they were released to me when I provided Fitzsimons's death certificate - she died in 2002. One letter from the Sussex Chief Constable's office in 1969 read: 'She is to be asked as to her reason for allegedly being afraid of Mr Francis Thorogood as referred to in a statement of her brother Mr John Russell and what knowledge she has relating to the death of Brian Jones which causes her to be frightened. The prime suspect: Frank Thorogood was sacked by the star on the day of his death and was in a 'terrible state' just before Jones's body was found 'In light of the statement of Mr John Russell enquiries are to be made and statements taken to eliminate Mr Francis Thorogood as being in the Chichester area between 8.30pm and 9.55pm on the 26th July, 1969, and with having anything to do with the assault on Mrs Fitzsimons.' The crucial four-page statement by John Russell referred to in this letter is missing from the file. I understand that the National Archives sent the file to the Crown Prosecution Service earlier this year. The CPS wrote to John Russell giving him the opportunity to stop the statement from being released, which he took up. However, the statement was also missing on an earlier occasion when I viewed the file. A statement from Thorogood said Fitzsimons stayed with Suki Poitier, Jones's ex-girlfriend, at Cotchford Farm for three days after Jones's death because Poitier was upset. Fitzsimons's mother, Irene Russell, told police that Poitier had left the house about 30 minutes before Jones died - she is therefore another witness not traced by police. Mrs Russell said: 'Joan told me that Frank was causing trouble by trying to get her back. Frank was very persistent. Frank said to me that Joan knows a lot about the Rolling Stones that shouldn't get out. Joan, as it appeared to me, was frightened of Frank.' But Thorogood was eliminated as a suspect by Sussex Police after his wife and two friends confirmed he had been in London on July 26. He was never charged with any offences and died in 1993 of cancer. Despite his guilty plea, Ziyadeh always claimed he did not carry out the attack. The police case against him concluded: 'The motive for this is a mystery.' Newspapers reported the attack on Fitzsimons. One said that detectives wanted to find out from her whom she drove on the night Jones died and if she was present at Jones's home at any time during the fatal evening. 'The police information is a result of "several interviews" with men, all acquaintances of Mrs Fitzsimons, who talked with her after the death of Jones,' added the newspaper report. On the same day as the story appeared, Sussex Police released a statement saying: 'There is no truth in those reports whatsoever.' Janet Lawson told me: 'I was nursing in Hampshire when Joan was attacked, but I saw the headlines in a newspaper. When I saw her injuries, I cried. 'I knew it was no coincidence. I felt there was some link with Frank. I went into hiding at my brother's house on an RAF base. Behind those walls and security fences, that was the only place I had where they couldn't get to me.' They? 'The Press,' she said. But I sensed Janet was protecting herself from more than just the media. She later dropped out of nursing and even changed her surname to Tallyn. During my investigation I have found that nearly every official report related to Brian Jones is held under a 75-year rule. The National Archives, after agreeing to release the files to me, continued to withhold crucial sections. The same reason was given almost every time - to protect living persons from any embarrassment because the files contained details of their sex lives. Harvey's evidence shows the Sussex Chief Constable in 1969 was briefed fully on the case and knew about the drugs, but it was decided this information would not be passed to the coroner. And police files show the force has continued to involve itself and the DPP in this 'ordinary case of drowning'. Rolling on: Mick Jagger sings with the Stones in Hyde Park two days after Brian's death The testimony of PC Evans shows not only did he think that Thorogood had had a fight with Jones resulting in his death, but suggests Bob Marshall, the man leading the investigation, may have initially agreed with him. But following his investigation, Marshall maintains it was a tragic accident, a simple drowning. If Janet Lawson and the anonymous Sussex Police officer are to be believed, vital details, such as who was present at the time, were not pursued, while the witness statements that were taken played a huge part in supporting the misadventure verdict. And it is clear from the 470-pages detailing the horrific attack on Joan Fitzsimons that Sussex Police knew there was a possible link between her attack and Jones's death. But the Press reports show this link was actively denied. Having spent two years studying the evidence and speaking to most of the surviving players, I'm convinced Brian Jones's death was not fully investigated. The only question that remains is why? I hope this is something the authorities will discover if they finally decide to reopen the case. It is the least Brian Jones deserves. © Scott Jones 2008.	27
Who had a hit in the sixties with Along Came Jones	Brian Jones \| The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones Born 28 February 1942 Cheltenham, UK Died3 July 1969 Brian Jones Brian Jones’ love of the blues was at the heart of what he and the rest of the Rolling Stones were about from the very beginning. His musicianship added so much to the singles that propelled the Rolling Stones into the pop charts, and he was one of the first people in Britain to play slide guitar. But he was also one of the ultimate 60’s pop stars, with a creative and cutting edge fashion sense and an iconic hairdo to match, Brian remains a style icon to this day. Born Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones at the Park Nursing Home, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, on Saturday 28th February 1942, Brian’s parents were well-to-do middle class. He attended a fee paying junior school and then the local grammar school where he excelled. Although Brian’s father obviously gave him the musical gene (he played piano and the organ and lead the local church choir) he hoped his son was that he would follow in his academic footsteps and go to university. Brian’s overriding passion was music. After first hearing a Charlie Parker record at the age of 15, Brian persuaded his parents to buy him a saxophone. Having mastered the instrument he received an acoustic guitar for his seventeenth birthday. After leaving school Brian decided against university, and he took a succession of jobs before going to see the Chris Barber Band play a concert at Cheltenham Town Hall in 1961. Their set included a blues segment featuring Alexis Korner. Brian became obsessed with the blues and practiced slide guitar while listening to Elmore James and Robert Johnson records. Brian was soon hitch-hiking to London where he would go to the Ealing Blues Club, sometimes sitting in with the Alexis Korner’s band. One night, Mick and Keith, on a visit to the club, saw Brian play slide guitar and were impressed with his rendition of Elmore James’s “Dust My Broom”. Soon after Brian, Ian Stewart, Mick and Keith formed a band, and began rehearsing at Soho’s Bricklayers Arms pub. On the 12th July 1962 they played their first gig at the Marquee Club, billed as The Rollin’ Stones. While Brian’s musical prowess didn’t extend to composing, his extraordinary and versatile talent as a musician is found on all his recordings with the Stones, among them, his slide guitar on “I’m a King Bee”, “Little Red Rooster” and “No Expectations” from Beggars Banquet. He plays the sitar on “Street Fighting Man” and “Paint It Black”, organ on “Let’s Spend The Night Together”, marimba on “Under My Thumb” and “Out Of Time” recorder on “Ruby Tuesday”, dulcimer and harpsichord on “Lady Jane”, saxophone and oboe on “Dandelion”, mellotron on “She’s a Rainbow”, and harmonica on “Not Fade Away”, “2120 South Michigan Avenue” and “Prodigal Son”. Brian’s increasing estrangement from the band from around 1967 onwards led to him feeling isolated and unhappy with the musical direction of the Rolling Stones. In early 1969 he decided to leave the band that he had helped to form to try and find a new musical direction for his undoubted talents. Tragically in the early hours of the 3rd July 1969, aged twenty-seven years old, Brian drowned in the swimming pool of his new home in Ashdown Forest, Sussex.	i don't know
Grace Jones had a hit with which Edith Piaf song in 1986	GRACE JONES! La Vie En Rose - YouTube GRACE JONES! La Vie En Rose Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 20, 2013 La Vie en rose" was the signature song of French singer Édith Piaf, written in 1945, popularized in 1946, and released as a single in 1947. The song's title can be translated as "Life in Rosy Hues" or "Life Through Rose-Colored Glasses"; its literal meaning is "Life in Pink". the melody was composed by Marguerite Monnot and Louis Guglielmi, known as Louiguy. Originally, the song was registered as being written by Louiguy only, since at the time Piaf did not have necessary qualifications to be able to copyright her work with SACEM. Words "Quand il me tient dans ses bras..." ("When he takes me in his arms...") came to her mind one evening in 1944, when she was standing in front of an American man. That gave the base for the rest of lyrics. Piaf offered the song to Marianne Michel, who slightly modified the lyrics, changing "les choses" ("things") for "la vie" ("life"). English lyrics for the song were later written by Mack David. Grace Jones is a Jamaican singer, actress and model. Jones started out as a model, regularly appearing at the New York City nightclub Studio 54. Jones secured a record deal with Island Records in 1977, which resulted in a string of dance-club hits. In the late 1970s, she adapted the emerging electronic music style and adopted a severe, androgynous look. Many of her singles were hits on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Play and Hot Dance Airplay charts, for example 1981's "Pull Up to the Bumper", which spent seven weeks at No. 2 on the U.S. dance chart. Jones was able to find mainstream success in Europe, particularly the United Kingdom, scoring a number of Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart. Her most notable albums are Warm Leatherette, Nightclubbing and Slave to the Rhythm, while her biggest hits are "Pull Up to the Bumper", "I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango)", "Private Life", "Slave to the Rhythm" and "I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)". Jones is also an actress. Her acting occasionally overshadowed her musical output in America, but not in Europe, where her profile as a recording artist was much higher. She appeared in some low-budget films in the 1970s and early 1980s. Her work as an actress in mainstream film began in the 1984 fantasy-action film Conan the Destroyer alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger, and the 1985 James Bond movie A View to a Kill. In 1986 she played a vampire in Vamp, and both acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 film Boomerang with Eddie Murphy. In 2001, she appeared in Wolf Girl alongside Tim Curry. Category	La Vie en rose
Who married fellow country star George Jones in 1969	As Much As I Can, As Black As I Am: The Queer History of Grace Jones \| Pitchfork Events As Much As I Can, As Black As I Am: The Queer History of Grace Jones In this career overview, Barry Walters details how one of the most transgressive stars of the 1980s, Grace Jones, gave voice to the oppressed while offering a bold example of what it means to be free. Courtesy of Daily Mail / Rex / Alamy Electronic August 25 2015 This article also appears in the current issue of our print quarterly, The Pitchfork Review , which is on stands now. Subscribe to the magazine here . Grace Jones is perched on a ledge above the dancefloor of New York’s 12 West, the state-of-the-art, members-only gay disco, about to take the stage for one of her first performances. The year is 1977, and no one is prepared for what’s about to hit them. Tom Moulton , father of the dance mix and Jones’ early producer, describes the scene: “All of a sudden the spotlight hits her. She starts singing ‘I Need a Man’, and the place goes crazy. After she finishes, she goes, ‘I don't know about you, honey, but I need a fucking man!’ Talk about a room-worker. Whatever it takes. She was so determined.” To understand the impact of this moment, one must understand a bit of history. Just a few years earlier, it had been illegal for two men to so much as dance together in New York City. With the exception of maybe hairdressers and artists, queer people risked unemployment if they merely hinted at their orientation outside the confines of gay bars and clubs, and it was in these discos that the seeds of liberation were sown. At 12 West, gay people could grasp the power of their collectivity and understand what it meant to be free. That night, Grace Jones sang “I Need a Man” just like a man might—tough and lusty, she was a woman who was not just singing to them, but also for them, as them. She was as queer as a relatively straight person could get. Her image celebrated blackness and subverted gender norms; she presented something we had never seen before in pop performance—a woman who was lithe, sexy, and hyperfeminine while also exuding a ribald, butch swagger. In ’79, Ebony got her je ne sais quoi exactly right: “Grace Jones is a question mark followed by an exclamation point.” Even now, her transgressive charisma remains bold. She still feels outré. In 1960, a 12-year-old Beverly Grace Jones moved from Spanish Town, Jamaica, to Syracuse, New York, with her family. She didn’t have many friends; a high school report card described her as “socially sick.” Halfway through her studies at Syracuse University, she impulsively abandoned school to work on a play in Philadelphia. The Pentecostal preacher’s daughter realized there was no going home after that, and she moved to New York City in 1975 to fulfill her dream of becoming a star. At first, Jones modeled for the Wilhelmina Agency while doubling as a go-go dancer under the pseudonym Grace Mendoza. “Even though the agency kept me pretty busy, I auditioned for every play and film I could find,” she told The Baltimore Afro American in 1985. “But they all wanted a black American sound, and I just didn’t have it. Finally, I got tired of trotting around and took myself to Paris.” In France, her blackness set her apart from other models, and Jones landed covers of Stern, Pravda, and Vogue. Within a few months, she recorded a few singles; one was sent to Cy and Eileen Berlin, an enterprising husband-and-wife team who later managed Tom Cruise. Jones flew back to NYC with her roommate, actress Jessica Lange, and met with the Berlins. Impressed by her exuberance, star quality, and willingness, they signed on to manage her. “I thought of her as family,” says Eileen Berlin. “My son had gone to college, so I gave her his room.” At the time, Tom Moulton’s pioneering club-specific mixes were blowing up both discos and R&B radio, and the Berlins begged him to produce their new client. Moulton and Jones’ partnership began with the double-sided ’76 single, “Sorry” / “That’s the Trouble”, and their next collaboration, “I Need a Man”, quickly rose to the top of Billboard’s disco chart the following year. Hoping to capitalize on Jones’ burgeoning fame, the Berlins approached Island Records founder Chris Blackwell, who signed her in short order. Given the combination of Blackwell’s status as an international reggae ambassador and Jones’ Jamaican roots, Cy Berlin anticipated a good fit. He didn’t know how right he would be. Although Moulton and Jones made three albums together in three years—’77’s Portfolio, ’78’s Fame, and ’79’s Muse—the two former-models often clashed: “I always teased her about sounding like Bela Lugosi,” recalls the disco godfather. “I stood next to her while she was singing because I got so sick of hitting the talkback button [in the control room]. The moment she'd go off, I'd stop her. I was hard on her, but no matter how much I pushed her, she would take it and push herself.” Portfolio’s continuous first side featured Broadway tunes set to string-intensive bluster arranged by the Salsoul Orchestra’s Vince Montana and performed by members of MFSB, a cohesive pool of studio musicians who played on nearly every Philadelphia-originated soul hit of the ’70s. But against the plush effortlessness, Jones sounded strained; the weight of Moulton’s hand was audible and uncomfortable to hear. However, the LP’s second side dished out a masterstroke in Jones’ take on Édith Piaf’s “La Vie En Rose”, a version of which Moulton previously recorded with forgotten ’70s singer Teresa Wiater. Jones had gotten her hands on an acetate pressing of Waiter’s unreleased recording , which was wowing the 12 West crowd, and she lobbied Moulton to let her have it, baiting him that it would be a sure hit for the two: “I’m big in France.” The same rawness and struggle that worked against Jones on Portfolio’s Broadway arias conveyed the absolute heartbreak of “La Vie En Rose”. On Jones’ second album, Fame, Moulton bolstered the French connection: Most songs were written by Jack Robinson and Jacques Pépino (credited as James Bolden, but elsewhere known as disco singer David Christie). Once again Moulton contrasted Philly soul’s lush romanticism with Jones’ confident, almost stentorian vocals. This time around, though, that combination gelled throughout because the material was made for her. Jones dedicated the album “with love” to her then-partner, Jean-Paul Goude , a Parisian multimedia artist who collaborated with her on the creation of subsequent album jackets, photos, videos, and stage shows. (Goude is also the father of her only child and author of a book that details their relationship, Jungle Fever .) While the follow up, Muse, didn’t yield as many memorable songs, it did feature another nonstop A-side that moved from sin to salvation via stormy arrangements by Iceland’s Thor Baldursson, whose keyboards and charts lit up Giorgio Moroder and Boney M songs alike. It also brandished a killer floor-filler with “On Your Knees”. Laced with sadistic intent by D.C. LaRue , a cult disco act whose world-weary, gay-coded “Cathedrals” presaged Pet Shop Boys, and former Sugarloaf frontman Jerry Corbetta, the most soulful of Jones’ disco singles also pointed toward her future. The philharmonic instrumentation oozed luxury, but the swagger of the lyric and the toughness of her vocal suggested rock’n’roll dissent waiting to be unleashed. I grew up in Rochester, New York, 90 miles from where a teenaged Grace Jones daydreamed about her grand ambitions in Syracuse. I was a fan of a local band called New Math, whose frontman did promo for Island and passed me a copy of Fame—the first piece of my disco vinyl collection. Later that week, I watched Jones on “The Midnight Special”, where she performed “Below the Belt”. She took the stage clad in a satin boxing robe, her hands taped for a fight. Halfway through, she pulled a brawny muscleman from the crowd, pretended to knock him out, and then stood with a foot planted on his chest, all while crooning, “Gotta take my chance/ Gotta go the distance.” She then did a victory dance as fake snow fell in celebration of Christmas (and perhaps—this being 1979—cocaine). I was hooked. That jaw-dropping TV appearance prompted a discussion with my high school drama teacher. He bragged that his brother had once met Jones at a Manhattan roller rink, where, instead of offering him a business card, she gave him a plastic whip with her name emblazoned on it. I knew at that moment that I belonged in Grace Jones’ New York, that suburban life would kill me the same way it had killed my alcoholic father. A year later, I arrived. Jones’ “On Your Knees” was the last single I bought before leaving Rochester and it was one of the first songs I heard on the local disco station in New York City. Subway cars plastered with graffiti bore nearly inscrutable codes I was hungry to crack, for danger preyed upon the ignorant: Each weekend brought stories of fellow students who had been mugged. I remember protesters disrupting the filming of William Friedkin’s Cruising, which retold the real-life story of a fugitive who had lured men out of gay bars to bed and then killed them. In that anything-goes, pre-AIDS era at the tail end of the ‘70s, pleasure and danger were quite literally bedfellows. Macho, close-cropped clones ruled the city’s mega-discos, but I hadn’t escaped my small suburb just to conform, so I sought out unconventional spaces like Hurrah’s, the Mudd Club, and Danceteria, where dub, reggae and post-punk alternated with chilly synth pop and radical funk. All those genres would mingle and mutate in Jones’ next incarnation. Photo courtesy of Daily Mail / Rex / Alamy When Muse fizzled in the clubs and on the charts, Chris Blackwell took over as Jones’ producer. “I wanted to treat her not as a model, but to involve her as a musician,” he recalls. “Tom Moulton had been recording the instrumentation and then having Grace come in later, but I wanted her to feel as though she were a member of a band, and record her the way bands used to make albums, with the singer and the players doing their thing all at once.” Blackwell’s approach united two things he knew well: Caribbean ease and British audacity. “I wanted a rhythmic reggae bottom, aggressive rock guitar, atmospheric keyboards in the middle, and Grace on top,” he says. To get all that, he assembled a sextet of studio ringers at his Nassau studio, Compass Point. The soon-to-be signature sound of the Compass Point All-Stars went on to animate hits by the Tom Tom Club, Robert Palmer, Joe Cocker, Gwen Guthrie, and others. The sessions began with an unlikely remake of the Normal’s “Warm Leatherette”. Jones’ version preserved the original’s deadpan vocal delivery and minimal melody but dropped the tempo to a saunter, twisted the rhythm into a sharp funk, and sashayed with offhand earnestness, as if sexual intercourse while dying from vehicular collision was just another kink worth trying. The sessions moved with disarming speed and ease: “If Grace or the group hadn’t nailed a song by the third take,” Blackwell recounts, “it was dropped and they’d move to the next number.” Keyboardist Wally Badarou attests to Jones’ active role in the recordings: “Grace was there even during most instrumental overdubbing sessions. She was a part of the sound and the spirit that came out almost from nowhere. We all knew we were in for something quite experimental.” Soon they had amassed enough material for 1980’s Warm Leatherette and the beginnings of a follow-up LP that would become 1981’s Nightclubbing. Upon its release, Leatherette failed to charm either radio audiences or most dance clubs; it was too authentically reggae for the New Wave crowd, too slow for disco. But by the following year, both New York radio and the club scene had grown eclectic. Primed by kindred punk-funk blasts like Yoko Ono’s “Walking on Thin Ice” as well as Taana Gardner’s “Heartbeat”, a far more open-minded dance music world was ready to re-embrace Jones and her new sound. Nightclubbing provided Jones with newfound popularity on both sides of the Atlantic. European audiences appreciated “I’ve Seen That Face Before (Libertango)”, a vocal reimagining of Argentine tango master Ástor Piazzolla’s 1974 instrumental “Libertango”. For that track, co-writer Barry Reynolds penned lyrics about a Parisian stalker, and Badarou provided a haunting introductory riff. Jones’ lyrics were a rebuttal, en francais, penned with the help of Blackwell’s girlfriend, actor Nathalie Delon: “What are you looking for? Hoping to find love? Who do you think you are? You hate your life.” In America, Jones’ R&B breakthrough came via an instrumental recorded by drummer Sly Dunbar during the Warm Leatherette sessions. The track first leaked out as “Peanut Butter” on the B-side of kiddie reggae crooner Junior Tucker’s “The Kick (Rock On)”, but, eager to make it hers, Grace co-wrote new lyrics equating cars with carnality. “Pull Up to the Bumper” pushed that metaphor towards lewd entendre: “Grease it, spray it/ Let me lubricate it,” she drawled. A summertime smash, “Bumper” became one of the last thoroughly sexual jams before a new virus began to complicate that kind of fun. The sessions for 1982’s Living My Life marked a culmination of the synchronicity between Jones and the All-Stars. “Blackwell felt the band was so good it deserved to be doing its own material,” Badarou remembers. As a result, the album was made up entirely of originals, save for a cover of Melvin Van Peebles’ “The Apple Stretching”. Each song began with Jones’ lyrics, from which Reynolds wrote the music to fit. Recorded in the wake of her breakup with Jean-Paul Goude, the album found Jones getting deeper and more rigorously percussive: The percolating lead track, “My Jamaican Guy”, has been sampled by acts from La Roux to LL Cool J. The title track was eventually left off the album but it showcased just how personal the work was for Jones, a world away from the show tunes and entendres. “You kill me for living my life,” she sang. “As much as I can, as black as I am.” By 1982, AIDS and Reaganomics were striking down Jones’ core audience, and the freedoms of the previous decade shifted to contractions. MTV arrived, and the New Wave dance sounds it championed—sonic stepchildren of Jones including Eurythmics, Culture Club, and Duran Duran—launched a second English invasion on the charts. Jones’ singular appearance and meticulously crafted presentation made her a natural fit for the burgeoning music video medium, especially in its early, experimental days. She asserted herself as an astute visual artist with her 1982 VHS release, A One Man Show. Directed by Goude and nominated in ’84 for the first Best Long Form Music Video Grammy, it combined still photography, concert footage, and video clips to distill the pair’s simultaneously sensational and intimate collaborations into a heated, unbroken montage. Jones donned pointedly geometric designs that accentuated her angles while clad in screaming Pop-Art colors that flashed and flattered. Goude’s art direction came alive through Jones, who glared at the camera as if possessed; she was imposing, alien, almighty—it’s not surprising that she would soon be stealing scenes in films like Conan the Destroyer and A View to a Kill. What came after One Man and the Compass Point trilogy would have to top them, which is precisely what “Slave to the Rhythm” did. Bruce Woolley, co-writer of the Buggles’ “Video Killed the Radio Star”, wrote the song on spec for Frankie Goes to Hollywood, but helped to re-draft it for Jones. Producer Trevor Horn was brought in, and a nine-month studio odyssey ensued, allegedly costing Island $385,000—a fortune for a singer who had never scaled the U.S. pop charts. (The exorbitant single was offset by padding its accompanying album with eight different versions of the track in attempt to break even.) “I remember a huge amount of experimentation with early digital techniques—the Synclavier, Sony digital tape spliced with sticky tape, and the Fairlight,” Woolley recalls. “We recorded a new version every four weeks, with Horn and Blackwell in search of the perfect track.” Between her acting roles, Jones returned to the studio month after month to update her vocals on the latest arrangements. “Slave to the Rhythm” was finally released in October 1985, and one would be hard-pressed to argue that all the laborious studio work and astronomical expenditures weren’t justified: Horn’s production work was ornate and opulent, lurid and symphonic. The spell cast by a larger-than-life black woman singing both metaphorically and directly about slavery was profound; the lyrics coaxed infinite interpretations. The Face—England’s authority on all things hip—declared “Slave” the single of 1985, and Jones appeared on the magazine’s January ’86 cover painted in whiteface. From the pure gloss of its ambition to the obsessiveness of its lyric, “Slave” is the ’80s. Her ultimate hit in much of the world, “Slave” underscored how Jones’ incandescence and charisma made her bigger than her sales figures might indicate. MTV virtually ignored the track’s Goude-directed video; even when framed by Horn’s familiar transatlantic brilliance, Jones was, for them, still too black, too strong. Nevertheless, she got over elsewhere on the sheer magnitude of her presence. With the help of Hollywood and some crazy commercials for Citroën, Honda Scooters, and Sun Country Wine Coolers, she became more massive than ever. “I like conflicts,” she told Playboy in 1985. “I love competition. I like discovering things for myself. It’s a childlike characteristic, actually. But that gives you a certain amount of power, and people are intimidated by that.” By the following year, with Goude and Blackwell out of the picture, Jones wanted more involvement in her debut album for EMI subsidiary Manhattan Records, 1986’s Inside Story. Taking EMI A&R head Bruce Garfield’s direction to “imagine a leaf being blown through the streets of New York, twisting and turning in the sunshine” as a starting point, Jones and Woolley wrote every song together, then joined multi-platinum Svengali Nile Rodgers in New York to transform their demos. This mutually flattering union yielded her last R&B radio victory, “I’m Not Perfect (But I’m Perfect for You)”. Indicting white-collar criminals and Hollywood liars, Inside Story revealed the singer’s observant, socially conscious side, while the jagged arrangements meshed Rodgers’ ricocheting, jazz-schooled guitar with Woolley’s smart pop. It is a singer/songwriter record you can dance to. She followed it with 1989’s Bulletproof Heart, which yielded one resplendent club triumph, “Love on Top of Love”, courtesy of David Cole & Robert Clivillés, a house remix/production duo who later scored with C+C Music Factory. Jones co-wrote and co-produced most of the album with her new husband, Chris Stanley, whose output fell far below her avant standards; the two soon divorced. Having tried harder, thought broader, and crossed more boundaries than most of her contemporaries, this dance-floor renegade closed out the decade boxed in and coasting. By the late ’80s, I had moved to San Francisco; AIDS was decimating the gay community. One night in 1993, I finally got my chance to see Jones perform at a local gay nightclub and took my friend Brian, whose partner Mark was too sick to join us. Jones’ lived up to her reputation for diva behavior and didn’t take the stage until well after midnight. At first she stuck to her hits, including that year’s house excursion “Sex Drive”. But it soon became apparent that she didn’t need the spectacular filigree of her Goude years. The special effect was her smile: It just wouldn’t stop, and soon it became contagious. She didn’t back away from the elephant in the room: She dedicated one song to artist and AIDS casualty Keith Haring, who had used her body for a canvas on the occasion of her legendary 1985 Paradise Garage performance. That night’s show was remarkable for the simple fact that Jones just kept on going, granting one encore request after another, waiting patiently while the sound man scoured backing tapes to find the fans’ offbeat choices. When Jones got to such minor numbers as “Crush”, it became clear that she didn’t want to leave. She was giving as much of herself as she could to the beleaguered troops, knowing full well that many wouldn’t live long enough to see her again. A few months after that show, I inherited Mark’s cherished copy of Goude and Jones’ art book Jungle Fever after he and Brian died within weeks of each other. Jones’ lust for life that night represented not just resilience to repression, but also a way of fighting back that sent a message: We, who are thought less than, shall burn brighter than our oppressors. That was why she was so beloved—because she led the way, even when we couldn’t proceed. Along with the lesbians and lucky survivors who nursed our fallen, Jones had borne witness to what Reagan, Bush, and most of the country willfully ignored; she knew the toll of it all. Throughout the ’90s, rumors of new albums surfaced; Blackwell recorded several sessions, so did Tricky. Even Moulton buried the hatchet for a 1997 house remake of Candi Staton’s “Victim”, but Island nixed its release on conceptual grounds: They thought Grace Jones couldn’t be a victim of anything. Photo courtesy of Daily Mail / Rex / Alamy In 2008, Jones unexpectedly reemerged with Hurricane, her first record in 19 years. She brought back Woolley and the Compass Point All-Stars while adding contributors like Emmy-winning composers Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman, who worked with her for a month in their home on the the gospel-shaded canticle “Williams’ Blood”. “Prince has a presence and everybody in the room goes, ‘Whoa,’” Melvoin attests from first-hand knowledge—she and Coleman were key members of his Purple Rain–era backing band, the Revolution. “When Grace walks into the room, it’s more subtle, but it has the same effect. You just go, ‘My God, she’s taken up all of the space with that personality.’” Hurricane mirrored that kaleidoscope. Unlike commonplace pop and rock luminaries who took extended vacations, Jones came back more polished and unpredictable than ever. With her trenchant track “Corporate Cannibal”, she even protested capitalist dehumanization by embodying it via grinding, insidious metal. But while her image as a constantly morphing, couture-clad hellion persists, the 67-year-old iconoclast stays true to herself. After all these years and so many disciples, there’s still no one like her. While gathering up my Grace Jones memories, I was reminded of what Sonic Youth’s Kim Gordon once said about entertainers. This was 25 years ago, so my memory may have altered her words, but it went something like this: We pay to bask in the confidence of our most beloved performers so that we may learn to similarly love ourselves. Grace did that for me, for her audience, for anyone who has ever been too queer, too black, too female, or too freaky for the world around them. Grace Jones is liberation. As a companion to Barry Walters’ Grace Jones piece, various Pitchfork contributors highlight some of the artist’s finest moments in music, film, and talk-show badassery: The “Russell Harty” Incident In 1981, Grace Jones pummelled British talk show host Russell Harty on his own BBC show. Harty always sat among the guests on his early evening gabfest, and on this particular night he chose to focus his attention on the men to his right, leaving Jones, seated alone to his left, out of much of the conversation. The scene plays out with a frustrated Jones admonishing Harty: “If you turn your back to me one more minute.” Harty dismisses her, wagging a finger before turning away. Jones then clips him on the neck and lands one, two, three more hits in quick succession before slapping him on the head. The confused audience applauds—was this planned? Is this funny? Is it art? This was my introduction to Grace Jones: elegantly beating the hell out of a man who won't take her seriously, her black body and everything it knows asserting itself for the good of fed up women everywhere. —Sara Bivigou “Use Me” Grace Jones’ version of Bill Withers’ “Use Me” is exactly what a cover song should be: It honors the strengths of the original while restructuring it, truly taking possession of it as if it were her own work. While Withers’ original is full of human pain and love, Jones’ version–produced by Sly and Robbie for Nightclubbing–turns on one robotic heel into S&M, all sex, all strength. The distinctly American, organic funk of the original is refashioned as electro-Caribbean minimalism, letting Jones’ voice be as powerful as Withers’. When issued from Jones’ lips, “use me up” becomes a challenge: a love song for power bottoms everywhere. —Jes Sklonik Vamp Grace Jones fascinated me at a young age (seeing her as a kid while watching Conan the Destroyer with my dad both scared and excited me), but I didn’t become obsessed with her until seeing the movie Vamp at a sleepover in 1986. In the film, Jones plays Queen Katrina, a wicked vampiress running a strip club somewhere in Kansas (naturally). She makes her first on-screen appearance nude, save for a red bob wig and full body paint, doing a seductive dance that is as bizarre as it is weirdly erotic. At the time I didn’t really know much about her music (I was 11 years old and lived on a farm) nor could I appreciate that her body paint and the chair upon which she writhes were done by Keith Haring. The film is glorious ‘80s trash of the highest order, but Jones manages to transform the whole thing into high art by virtue of simply being there and, even though she’s playing the undead, sort of just being herself—beautiful, artful, exotic, and frighteningly wild. —T. Cole Rachel “Breakdown” Everyone from Suzi Quatro to the Replacements have covered Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers’ 1976 slowburner “Breakdown”, but Grace Jones’ take is the version most worth discussing. Given a sauntering, reggae reconstruction, Jones’ rendering is shaded by a subtle gradation of vocal inflections that give the song a searing potency: She is sturdy and commanding one second and mournful the next, the song’s titular collapse filtered through a distinctly Jonesian lens of fortifying self-sufficiency. Even Petty recognized that quality about Jones, writing a killer kiss-off of a third verse to cap her interpretation: “It’s OK if you must go/ I’ll understand if you don’t/ You say goodbye right now/ I’ll still survive somehow/ Why should we let this drag on?” In Jones’ more-than-capable hands, a bluesy classic is transformed into a clarion call, summoning strength from the depths of its vulnerability. —Eric Torres “Warm Leatherette” Grace Jones' cover of the Normal's “Warm Leatherette” is one of her more bizarre interpretations. The original song, based on J.G. Ballard’s dystopian novel Crash, was a cold proto-industrial track riffing on the flattening of human affect due to post-modern technology. In Jones' hands, the song becomes a sassy tribute to the pleasures of ultraviolence, queering the original text from a self-serious and mega-ironic love poem into a campy exploration of black female sexual identity. By subverting the tropes of white, male, anglo sci-fi, Jones turned the Ballardian porno-nightmare into a celebration of perversion via the intersection of technology and sexuality. —Eric Shorey “Pull Up to the Bumper” Grace Jones pioneered the way for Shamir, Stromae, and countless other dance mavericks of today—not just with her bewitching candor but through her use of androgynous innuendo. “Pull Up to the Bumper” was initially banned in the United States for suggestive lyrics—“Pull up to my bumper baby/ In your long black limousine”—that were revolutionary because they were smart, risky, and intriguingly gender inclusive, just like Jones herself. By combining Studio 54’s pulsing drums and chic new-wave licks with the kaleidoscope of Andy Warhol’s playhouse (Jones was a regular in both scenes), “Bumper” became a crucial track for American dance music while pushing boundaries of raw sexuality. —Molly Beauchemin	i don't know
What was the only UK hit for Tammy Jones	Let Me Try Again – Tammy Jones \| British Chart Singles Let Me Try Again – Tammy Jones By Gary Wallace on 21st May 2015 \| Tags: 1975 , Tammy Jones \| Category: 1970s Tammy Jones occupied the UK top 10 for four weeks in 1975 with this track. (If this video fails to load, or you would like to watch a different version, search for Let me try again by Tammy Jones on YouTube.) Forty years ago this week, Let me try again by Tammy Jones was at number 7 in the UK singles chart, having peaked at number 5 the week before. It had entered the top 40 four weeks previously at number 30 and broke into the top 10 two weeks later. After four weeks in the top 10, the song spent the final three weeks of its chart life in the lower top 40. Let me try again was released on the Epic record label and was the only UK top 10 hit for Tammy Jones. It was included on an album of the same name that reached number 38 in the UK albums chart later in 1975.	let me try again
Who had a hit in 1994 with Mr Jones	Let Me Try Again – Tammy Jones \| British Chart Singles Let Me Try Again – Tammy Jones By Gary Wallace on 21st May 2015 \| Tags: 1975 , Tammy Jones \| Category: 1970s Tammy Jones occupied the UK top 10 for four weeks in 1975 with this track. (If this video fails to load, or you would like to watch a different version, search for Let me try again by Tammy Jones on YouTube.) Forty years ago this week, Let me try again by Tammy Jones was at number 7 in the UK singles chart, having peaked at number 5 the week before. It had entered the top 40 four weeks previously at number 30 and broke into the top 10 two weeks later. After four weeks in the top 10, the song spent the final three weeks of its chart life in the lower top 40. Let me try again was released on the Epic record label and was the only UK top 10 hit for Tammy Jones. It was included on an album of the same name that reached number 38 in the UK albums chart later in 1975.	i don't know
Who had a hit in 1973 with Me and Mrs Jones	R.I.P.: Billy Paul, 'Me and Mrs. Jones' Philly soul singer R.I.P.: Billy Paul, 'Me and Mrs. Jones' Philly soul singer Updated: April 25, 2016 â 11:37 AM EDT Dan DeLuca Music Critic Dan DeLuca is an Inquirer pop music critic. But his "In the Mix" column in the Weekend section ventures further afield, into books, movies, TV, the Internet, graphic novels and anything you might call "popular culture." More by Dan DeLuca Arrow icon Billy Paul, the Philadelphia soul singer best known for "Me and Mrs. Jones," the sublime cheating song that is a peak experience from the classic Sound of Philadelphia era, died of cancer on Sunday at age 81. His obituary is here . Is "Me and Mrs. Jones," which was written by Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff and Cary Gilbert and a #1 pop and R&B hit for Paul in 1972, the greatest sneaking around song of the '70s soul era? You know it is, though Luther Ingram's Stax hit "If Loving You Is Wrong (I Don't Want To Be Right)," also from 1972, comes in a close second. Gamble and Huff released this statement on the passing of Paul on Sunday: "We are very saddened to learn of the sudden death of our good friend and Philadelphia International Records recording artist Billy Paul. From the time we saw Billy performing live, and then signing him to our PIR/TSOP label, we immediately realized that we had discovered and launched one the most unique voices in the music industry. Billy's voice combined both Jazz, R&B and Soul vocals, making him one the great artists to come out of Philly and to be celebrated worldwide. Our proudest moment with Billy was the recording of the salacious smash ‘Me and Mrs. Jones.’ In our view, it is one of the greatest love songs ever recorded. Billy ...will forever have a special place in music history.” But there was more to Billy Paul, who was born Paul Williams, than "Me and Mrs. Jones." The North Philly native was a teenage ballad singer in the early 1950s, before later in the decade serving in the U.S. Army in Germany, where he was stationed with Elvis Presley and formed a band with Bing Crosby's son Gary. He fronted jazz and soul combos in the '60s in Philadelphia and released Feelin' Good At The Cadillac Club on the Gamble label in 1968. After "Me and Mrs. Jones," for the album 360 Degrees of Billy Paul topped the charts, Philadelphia International followed the hit up with "Am I Black Enough For You?," one of the label's most confrontational, socially conscious releases, which was regarded warily by conservative radio programmers. It killed the "Mrs. Jones" momentum, but had an impact as an anthem of racial pride in the long run, and was sampled on the title cut to Philadelphia gangsta rap pioneer Schoolly D's 1989 album Am I Black Enough For You? Paul's 1973 album War Of The Gods is a trippy six-song psychedelic soul experience that followed Isaac Hayes, Marvin Gaye and the Temptations' "Papa Was A Rolling Stone" into a mind expanding direction. It's ripe for rediscovery, and worth a look and listen for the album art alone. Paul's 1975 album When Love Is New again caused controversy when his songs "Let's Make A Baby" was considered too risque for radio play. And in 1976, the avowed Beatles fan recorded a memorable cover of Paul McCartney's "Let Em In," which he recast as a Civil Rights anthem. Check out those songs below.	Billy Paul
What was the name of Spike Jones' comedy band	Billy Paul: five of the best from the soul maestro who created an all-time classic \| Music \| The Guardian Soul Billy Paul: five of the best from the soul maestro who created an all-time classic From sampling Malcolm X and Martin Luther King to covering Bob Dylan and Paul McCartney, Billy Paul’s greatest moments were often his most unlikely Billy Paul: making Bob Dylan sound more soulful than ever. Photograph: Gems/Getty Images Tuesday 26 April 2016 10.06 EDT Last modified on Friday 14 October 2016 13.46 EDT Billy Paul obituary Read more This is sort of a mash-up before the age of mash-ups – and arguably one of the most profound that’s existed. Take one of Paul McCartney’s most poignant post-Beatles songs and add horn stabs, strings and hard drums: what emerges is Billy Paul ’s unapologetic spin on the sweet original. He takes a melodic number and transforms it into a battle-cry anchored by gutsy production. Malcolm X dialogue is sampled and references to slain civil rights hero Medgar Evers are heard, while jazz icon Louis Armstrong also gets referenced. At the song’s end, Billy’s voice raises to an apex sided with passages from Dr Martin Luther King’s I Have A Dream speech. The outcome is both dramatic and effective, proving Billy can not only sing with gusto, but also completely alter a song’s narrative with heartfelt lyrical substitutions. Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right (Feelin’ Good at the Cadillac Club, 1968) Pinterest Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right Perhaps no other song in Paul’s catalogue captures how emotive his voice can be. This one begins with a sparse arrangement, Paul sings a capella – whispering and crooning over a jagged bass line – until a piano emerges where we find him belting out lyrics, fluttering heavy over drums and a lively piano. It’s of course a cover of Bob Dylan’s 1962 masterpiece, yet Paul’s version – with its perky arrangement and vocal strength – almost renders Dylan’s original tepid. Despite its title, the album isn’t a live recording but rather represented Paul’s live show at the time (the Cadillac Club was a legendary venue in Philadelphia where a young Aretha Franklin worked). This was Paul’s stunning debut album, which became such a commodity that Philadelphia International Records reissued it in 1973. At the time, Paul was primarily a jazz vocalist, but this release certainly showed a burgeoning artist with more gifts than anyone had previously thought. Thanks For Saving My Life (War of the Gods, 1973) Thanks For Saving My Life Billy Paul, soul singer best known for Me and Mrs Jones, dies Read more Following War of the God’s 2012’s reissue, Paul referred to it as “the best album I’ve ever done in my life”. An exuberant standout, Thanks For Saving My Life – at just under three minutes – is short compared to some of his longer, more well known ballads. But this is his redemption song, a snappy tune where the vocals are both powerfully belted out (“I can’t live without you, baby!”) or subtly subdued (“Making me feel like I’m living again …”). Despite not being as lavish or orchestral as previous Gamble and Huff releases, it managed to reach No 37 on the top 40 pop hits chart and No 9 on the top 10 soul charts. It’s a more straightforward song off a heady, almost psychedelic soul album arranged by Booby Martin and Lenny Paluka. This is quintessential Paul, the ability to be pronounced without overstepping while pulling back when needed. Am I Black Enough for You (360 Degrees of Billy Paul, 1972) Pinterest Am I Black Enough For You The Sound of Philadelphia was in full swing in the spring of 1973. Gamble and Huff had successfully built a studio and succinct work environment that mirrored Motown’s hit-making machine and Me and Mrs Jones had just been a juggernaut success for the imprint. Against the advice of the label’s top brass, Paul’s follow-up single would be Am I Black Enough for You, an in-your-face track that tested white radio’s patience with an onslaught of politically black anthems. It wasn’t sultry or catchy as Mrs Jones, but had snappy bongos and loud horns. Paul repeatedly sings “Am I black enough for you?” with lyrics including “Get in line, stop marching in time, you better make up your mind, we’re gonna leave you behind.” Though certainly a departure from his previous work – and one that many say sparked the end of Paul’s popularity – 30-plus years later the song and its release stands as an enormously brave artistic decision and one of Paul’s most enduring. Me and Mrs Jones (360 Degrees of Billy Paul, 1972) Pinterest Me and Mrs Jones Not including Me and Mrs Jones is like excluding Sitting on the Dock of the Bay when writing about Otis Redding – perhaps it’s overplayed but nevertheless underscores his entire canon. It was Paul’s biggest commercial breakthrough and remains a beautifully sultry classic from the 70s. The single was an international hit (reached No 12 on the British charts in 1973) and sold over 2m copies in the US. It is the prefect example of when production aesthetics, storyline and vocal performances simply marry. In a year of hits, tours and many successes, Paul earned a Grammy for best male R&B vocal performance, beating out contemporaries Curtis Mayfield and Ray Charles in the process. Generations to come will always have “a thing going on with Mrs Jones”. It not only stands as his most recognizable song and biggest hit, but also perhaps his most striking, most cherished, and certainly most timeless.	i don't know
Under what name does rapper Russell Jones record	Russell Jones - MusicBrainz Russell Jones US rapper, aka Ol' Dirty Bastard ) Filter Discography Showing official release groups by this artist. Show all release groups instead , or show various artists release groups . Artist information	Ol' Dirty Bastard
What was the first top ten entry for Jesus Jones	USATODAY.com - ODB: A name, persona we will never forget ODB: A name, persona we will never forget By Steve Jones, USA TODAY Ol' Dirty Bastard will be remembered as one of hip-hop's most outrageous personalities. The rapper, who died suddenly Saturday at a New York recording studio, stood out even within the iconic nine-member Wu Tang Clan with his off-kilter deliveries and outlandish rhymes. ODB's curious interruption of Shawn Colvin's acceptance speech at the 1998 Grammy Awards got him national attention. By Evan Agostini, Getty Images He had complained about chest pains earlier, according to his record label, Roc-A-Fella Records. He would have turned 36 today. An autopsy Sunday was inconclusive and the cause of death won't be known for about 10 days. ODB, whose real name was Russell Jones and who also went by Dirt McGirt, Osiris and Big Baby Jesus, was best known outside of Wu Tang Clan for hits with Pras (Ghetto Superstar) and Mariah Carey (Fantasy). He recently dueted with Macy Gray on Don't Go Breaking My Heart and can be heard on the upcoming Blade: Trinity soundtrack. But his fame has been due more to his offbeat behavior and legal woes. His curious interruption of Shawn Colvin's acceptance speech at the 1998 Grammy Awards got him national attention. He took that moment to complain about the Wu Tang Clan's losses to P. Diddy in a rap category. His troubles began earlier. He was convicted of assault in 1993 and was shot in 1994. In 1997, he was arrested for failing to pay child support for his three children with wife Icelene Jones. He pleaded guilty to assaulting her in 1998. Two months later he was shot during a robbery at his home. The same year, he was arrested for stealing sneakers. In 1999, he faced several traffic arrests, including one in L.A. that led to him being one of the first people charged under a state law against felons wearing bulletproof vests. More arrests followed, including one for crack possession, for which he was placed on probation and spent a year in rehab. ODB eventually walked away from the facility and spent two months as a fugitive. He then spent nearly three years in prison before being transferred to a psychiatric hospital, where he was released in May. The rapper was trying to resurrect his career when he died. His manager, Jarred Weisfeld, said that ODB was drug free and determined to straighten out his life. Weisfeld also said that an album the rapper recorded with Brooklyn Zoo, a DVD and a TV reality show would move forward. "He was known as Ol' Dirty Bastard, but to me, he was known as Rusty, the kindest, most generous soul," his mother, Cherry Jones, said in a statement. "Russell was more than a rapper, he was a loving father, brother, uncle, and most of all, son."	i don't know
Who is alleged to have confessed to the murder of Brian Jones on his death bed	New suspect emerges in possible Brian Jones murder \| Reuters Mon Sep 14, 2009 \| 10:17 PM EDT New suspect emerges in possible Brian Jones murder By Dean Goodman \| LOS ANGELES LOS ANGELES The line for suspected killers of Rolling Stones co-founder Brian Jones forms at the left. As conspiracy theorists salivate over the British police's recent decision to look into Jones' drowning 40 years ago, the band's former road manager on Monday accused a deceased World War Two veteran of killing the ill-starred virtuoso. Sam Cutler pointed the finger at Tom Keylock, the band's former chauffeur. Keylock allegedly coaxed a death-bed confession 16 years ago out of his friend Frank Thorogood, a builder who immediately became the pundits' prime suspect. While there is no hard evidence linking either man to Jones' death in his own swimming pool, Cutler said Keylock acted suspiciously in the ensuing days, removing or destroying items at Jones' house. Moreover, he disclosed that Keylock was the only suspect in a hitherto-undisclosed private investigation launched by the band's Allen Klein, who had little confidence in the British police. "He investigated Brian's murder with all the resources he had available to him and Klein thought that Brian had been murdered," Cutler wrote in a blog posting (www.gimmecutler.com). "Tom Keylock was the prime (and only) suspect named in that report." In an interview with Reuters, Cutler declined to say how he found out about the Klein report, but he said he met with Klein many times in the year after Jones died. KEY PLAYERS ALL DEAD Keylock, who was never formally interviewed by the police, died in London on July 2, aged 82. According to obituaries, he saw action at the Battle of Arnhem in the Netherlands in 1944. Klein died in New York two days later, aged 77. Representatives for Klein's ABKCO Music label and for the Rolling Stones declined comment. The official verdict on Jones is "death by misadventure." Despite being a strong swimmer, he drowned shortly after he was ousted from the Rolling Stones following years of erratic behavior fueled by drug abuse and insecurity. The autopsy revealed that he had ingested large amounts of drugs and alcohol, and his liver was twice the normal weight. He was 27. Thorogood was staying with Jones at the time, along with two women. Keylock initially claimed he was not there, but Cutler said he later admitted that he had been. Thorogood, who died in 1993, was fingered in two books published the following year, "Paint It Black: The Murder Of Brian Jones" by Geoffrey Giuliano and "Who Killed Christopher Robin?" by Terry Rawlings. (Jones lived in Winnie the Pooh creator A.A. Milne's former home). Thorogood either "snapped," according to the alleged confession cited in Rawlings' book, or accidentally held Jones underwater for too long during horseplay, according to Giuliano. But Cutler, immortalized in the Stones documentary "Gimme Shelter" trying to rein in the Hells Angels at the disastrous Altamont concert in 1969, said Klein's investigators suspected Keylock after interviewing the two women. Both were too afraid to testify against him, Cutler said, and Keylock initially claimed that he was never at Jones' house at the time. A potential wrinkle in Cutler's argument is that both women also fingered Thorogood. One of them, Jones' girlfriend Anna Wohlin, blamed him in a 1999 memoir. Testimony from Lawson, who recently died, is believed to be at the crux of the report currently being perused by Sussex police. Cutler said both were terrified of Keylock, who threatened them with violence. He spirited Wohlin back to her native Sweden within days of Jones' death. MOTIVE UNCLEAR A spokesman for the Sussex police said the report, from investigative journalist Scott Jones (no kin to the musician), has been examined by a senior detective but is not high priority. Keylock's motive is unclear. "My gut feeling is that he was ripping Brian off on some level or another," said Cutler, who was also questioned by Klein's investigators. His alibi held up, as he was preparing the band's free concert in Hyde Park. Cutler's theory got some support from Mandy Aftel, author of the 1982 book "Death of a Rolling Stone: The Brian Jones Story," who thought Jones was murdered but could not work out a motive. "Sometimes there isn't a 'why.' Or, I think one thing leads to another and before you know it something has happened but you didn't plan on it," Aftel told Reuters. (Editing by Belinda Goldsmith)	frank thorogood
From which song do these lyrics come. Hello Mrs Jones how's your Bert's lumbago, mustn't grumble	Rolling Stones' Keith Richards 'drew knife on Brian Jones hours before he died' \| Daily Mail Online comments Mick Jagger and Keith Richards had a blazing row with their former Rolling Stones bandmate Brian Jones on the day he died, culminating in Richards drawing a knife, according to an extraordinary claim made to police. In a bizarre twist in the mystery, The Mail on Sunday has seen documents in which the daughter of the man now thought to have been involved in Jones’s death claims that the Stones’ former guitarist was confronted at his East Sussex home by Jagger and Richards over who owned the rights to the group’s name. Still going: The Rolling Stones on stage on Saturday night in London but a mystery still remains over the death of their former guitarist Brian Jones Back again: This was the first time the Rolling Stones played Hyde Park since their concert 44 years ago, two days after Brian Jones was found dead Hours later Jones was found dead in his swimming pool. The unsubstantiated claims, contained in an internal police report, were dismissed by officers, but will add further fuel to the conspiracy theories that surround Jones’s death in 1969 and question whether he really did drown under the influence of drink and drugs. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The allegation comes after the Stones played in front of 65,000 fans at London’s Hyde Park last night, re-enacting the emotive tribute they gave for Jones at the same venue 44 years ago. Last night’s concert was the first time the Stones have played at the park since their requiem for Jones two days after he was found dead. The source of the claim is Jan Bell, the daughter of Frank Thorogood, Jones’s builder-cum-minder who was present at Jones’s farm on the night of his death. Thorogood died in 1993. A year later, it was claimed that he had murdered Jones. Sussex Police appealed on TV for information and Bell telephoned them about the alleged incident. Bandmates: Keith Richards with Brian Jones in 1967, two years before Brian's death Her father told her that he intervened in the row between Jones and Richards, she claimed. Titled ‘Briefing Note: Death of Brian Jones’, the police report states: ‘She said that her father had told her a number of years ago that on the day of Brian’s death, Messrs Mick JAGGER and Keith RICHARDS visited Brian JONES at the farm in the morning and her father was present when Brian was asked by both men whether he would give up the name of the “Rolling Stones” to them and agree to a financial settlement. ‘Brian apparently declined to do so and it is alleged that Keith RICHARDS drew a knife. It is suggested that THOROGOOD calmed them down and both JAGGER and RICHARDS left the house.’ Brian Jones started and named The Rolling Stones in 1962. Last night, a Rolling Stones spokesman declined to comment on the claim. After the report was written, no further action was taken because a senior officer in Sussex Police intervened to block standard investigating procedures, it is alleged. The Mail on Sunday has traced the police officer who interviewed Jan Bell. The officer, who did not want to be named, said: ‘I arranged to meet lawyers representing Mick Jagger and Keith Richards – two firms, one in New York and one in Los Angeles – to talk specifically about Jan Bell’s statement to Sussex Police, about them being at the house on the day of the death and about the knife being drawn. Death: Cotchford Farm in Sussex where Brian Jones died in the swimming pool ‘But the Assistant Chief Constable intervened and blocked me from meeting the Stones’ lawyers. The ACC drew a line under it. The statements made to Sussex Police by Jan Bell should have led to what the police call standard “trace and eliminate” work – to prove or disprove any information the police have been given, and to work out if something did or did not take place. ‘But I was told to put details of Jan Bell’s interview into a report, and that was it.’ The astounding allegation is the most startling piece of material that The Mail on Sunday has uncovered about Brian Jones’s death. However, our enquiries have also brought to light further claims about what one band member may privately have suspected about it. Rolling Stones....Hollywood line-up: Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Brian Jones, Charlie Watts and Mick Jagger pose on a movie-set staircase in Los Angeles. ...Unseen Stones photos found in a duffel bag' feature. Taken by the late Bob Bonis between 1964-1966 Harper Collins/Bob Bonis The Mail on Sunday has ascertained that as far back as the 1980s, Richards was aware of suspicions that Frank Thorogood killed Jones, and that Tom Keylock, a Stones manager, had led a cover-up. Robert Greenfield, an American author and a former editor of Rolling Stone magazine, lived with Richards in the South of France in May 1971, during the recording of the Stones’ album Exile On Main Street. Greenfield recorded hours of conversations with Richards during this period, which reveal that the guitarist was aware of the alleged cover-up that Keylock – who Richards called Mr Get-It-Together – put in place. Richards told Greenfield about the aftermath of Jones’s death: ‘I wanted to know who was there and couldn’t find out. The only cat I could ask was the one I think got rid of everybody and did the whole disappearing trick so when the cops arrived, it was just an accident. 'Maybe it was. Maybe the cat just wanted to get everyone out of the way so it wasn’t all names involved, etc. Maybe he did the right thing, but I don’t know. I don’t even know who was there that night, and trying to find out is impossible.’ There is also new evidence that in the 1980s Richards was aware of Thorogood’s alleged involvement in Jones’s death, via Patrick Townshend, a former business partner of Mick Jagger and Bill Wyman. THE IRONING MAKES A BEAST OF BURDEN OUT OF JAGGER Chillaxing: Mick Jagger in his trailer He’s the 69-year-old frontman of a band famed for rock’n’roll excesses. But it seems time has finally caught up with Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger. He revealed that he prepared for last night’s Hyde Park concert by getting up early to do his chores. On his Twitter page, Jagger posted a picture of himself sitting on a leather sofa in salmon-coloured jeans and a somewhat creased pink shirt. With his hand resting on an iPad and a black ‘manbag’ on the sofa beside him, he added: ‘Beautiful day in London, can’t wait for the show. 'Been up early ironing my clothes.’	i don't know
What did Daniel Jones and Darren Hayes call themselves when they got into the charts	Download Darren Hayes MP3 Songs and Albums \| music downloads Website: http://www.darrenhayes.com/ Biography Darren Hayes was born in the Australian city of Brisbane in 1972. He was the youngest child of the three in the family. The boy demonstrated his talent for music at a very early age, and Darren's mother was his first devoted fan. Hayes proved to be a staunch admirer of the Star Wars film – in the mature age he even tried himself for a role in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, though unsuccessfully. During his school years, Hayes sang in musicals Bye Bye Birdie and Man Of Steel. He also took part in various school concerts, including the school-leaving performance in 1989. Hayes decided to continue his study in the University of Queensland. However, love of music won and he dropped out without getting a degree to pursue the musical career. At University Darren met a makeup artist Colbi Taylor. They married, but divorced subsequently in 1999. In 1993, Hayes answered to the advertisement by Daniel Jones, who was looking for a soloist for a band called Red Edge. At the audition Darren's voice broke several times, but he was taken without hesitation. The group did not do well, and after its disbanding Hayes and Jones decided to work as a duo. The musician decided to call the band Crush, but there already existed a group with such name in the Great Britain. Therefore, they chose to call themselves Savage Garden, borrowing these words from the novel "Vampire Lestat" by Ann Rise. After managing the question with the title, the artists got down to the record of their debut attempt in 1995. In a year, they jumped on the top of all charts with the winding single I Want You. It was followed by a lyrical track To The Moon And Back and the marvelous ballad Truly Madly Deeply. The Savage Garden album was sold out in millions, while Hayes moved to the New York City in order to promote the band in the USA. In New York he wrote the Savage Garden's second album Affirmation in 1999. For that moment, Darren tried to surpass the parting with his beloved and decided to transmit his emotions through the music. Two singled from the disc - I Knew I Loved You and Animal Song – were gladly cheered by the public. The band got the honorable invitation to perform at the closing ceremony of the Olympics in Sydney in 2000. At that time, Darren became the official representative of Savage Garden, and it was he who announced the disbanding of the duet in 2001. In 2002, Hayes released his solo debut Spin. For the matter of music, it reminded of Savage Garden, though with the R&B influence instead of the soft-rock one. Anyway, the first single from the album was a ballad Insatiable. The album was a big success, but Darren's label was not satisfied – Hayes was expected to sell discs with the speed of Savage Garden. The work over the second album took two years. The follow-up titled The Tension And The Spark became a huge step forward for Darren in both songwriting and performing, but the courageous transition to electronic, demonstrated on the first single from that disc – the sparkling dance track Popular, finally spoilt the relations between the artist and his recording company. In 2004, Darren moved to England. After the release of the most famous Savage Garden's singles compilation Truly Madly Completely (The Best Of) in 2005, the artist left the Columbia company and established his own label called Powdered Sugar. For several years Darren has been hiding his private life from the public, but in 2006, he announced openly that he was a gay and was going to marry his long-time boyfriend Richard Cullen. In 2007, Hayes finished his third album This Delicate Thing We've Made, which has both danceable songs and love ballads, decorated with the tender Darren's vocals. Album We Are Smug of the eponymous electronic duo consisting of Darren Hayes and Robert Conley saw the light in 2009. The record got fair reviews from the musical experts, who noted an original sound and interesting lyrics. There is no doubt that We Are Smug will be enjoyed both by Hayes’ fans and by those who are just going to get acquainted with his creativity. Studio Albums	Savage Garden
In which position did England rugby coach Eddie Jones play	The History Darren and Daniel met in January 1993 via an advertisement that Daniel placed in 'Time Off' magazine (a local Brisbane music newspaper) . He was looking for a singer for his band Red Edge. The advertisement read 'SERIOUS LEAD VOCALIST WANTED FOR COMMERCIAL MUSICAL OUTFIT PRESENTLY FINANCED BY MAJOR PUBLISHING COMPANY' Darren telephoned Daniel and they clicked right away. They had found their musical soul mates. The covers band lasted for around 18 months, but when Darren found singing other band's songs unfulfilling, the pair set about writing for themselves. Though they had little experience in songwriting, they managed to construct some tunes loosely based around the style of their 80's heroes. "We had high aspirations from the start" confesses Jones . "We talked about a record deal as if we already had one. We never thought, if this happens. Right from the beginning, it was always, when it does". They spent almost 12 months in a home studio writing and recording. The unknowns sent out over 150 unsolicited demos, under the name 'Bliss', to record companies and publishers. There was limited interest in the five track demo, and there were outright rejections. It wasn't until the tape hit the desk of veteran artist manager, John Woodruff (Baby Animals, Diesel, The Angels and Icehouse) that their global potential was spotted. He immediately flew to Brisbane to meet the pair. Despite sheltered, suburban surroundings, Woodruff was impressed with the songs and with the duo's attitude. All the frustration and the waiting had paid off. They were offered a management deal and a record contract from Roadshow/Warner Music. Mid 1995, he set them up in Sydney with noted producer Charles Fisher. The album took almost 8 months to record. Although they suffered setbacks, the self titled album was finally completed. Bidding for the band among three US labels was won by Columbia President (US) Don Lenner and A & R Chief, Mitchell Cohen, who say they were swayed as soon as they heard the first three Australian singles. Columbia signed Savage Garden to a worldwide deal (excluding Australia and New Zealand). The American interest began when radio consultant Guy Zapoleon, of Houston based Zapoleon Media Strategies, attending a radio conference in Australia, heard the first single and took a copy back to the US where he made copies for radio associates. Before it's label release, 'I Want You' was already getting airplay on as many as 50 US stations. This scenario allowed Savage Garden to build airplay long before the product was commercially released; as a result, its USA breakthrough was particularly dramatic. And as they say, the rest is history... The first single 'I Want You' was released on July 1st 1996 and quickly went platinum (selling in excess of 70 000 copies). Peaking at number 4 on the ARIA charts, it was the most added track to radio and the biggest selling Australian single for 1996! It was also ranked No. 12 in the top 100 selling singles. The next single 'To The Moon & Back' went all the way to Number One, as did 'Truly Madly Deeply'. From the outset, Darren and Daniel displayed a confidence in their work and a will to succeed. Australia's Savage Garden are currently on our shores performing a series of magical concerts on the group's very first North American tour. Here's what the Dallas Morning News' Mario Tarradell had to say about Garden an article titled "Power Surge/Savage Garden puts the pulse into pop": "Good electronic pop music is all about the rush. When the synthesizers are cranking out a throbbing beat and the melodies and the guitars are working in tandem, creating a high energy rhythm that moves the body, the physical surge is irresistible. "At their best, Savage Garden, the Australian pop duo composed of singer Darren Hayes and multi-instrumentalist Daniel Jones, crank out music that makes the senses tingle. In concert Saturday night at the Bronco Bowl, the pair had the crowd in a frenzy during 'Break Me Shake Me' and 'I Want You.' The latter is one of their signature hits, a pop radio staple from Savage Garden, the debut album that has sold 4 million. "But it was 'Break Me Shake Me,' a cut from the CD, that elevated Mr. Hayes and Mr. Jones above pop-flavor-du-jour status. Angry, guitar-heavy and pulsating, the song reveled in its explosive mood. Sporting a sneering, almost ominous expression, Mr. Hayes belted the tune with a vengeance. The performance was so exhausting that it sent him backstage to catch his breath. "That was the only time he needed a respite. For a relative newcomer to pop stardom, Mr. Hayes knows how to work a stage. He's got the frontman stance, the seductive moves, the dramatic flourishes, the captivating stares. He understands that putting on a pop show means entertaining the audience.... "....'Santa Monica,' Mr. Hayes' ode to the facade of pop stardom, was a refreshing, mature highlight. How many pop songs have you heard that mention Norman Mailer in the lyrics? And the cry for love at the core of 'To the Moon and Back,' performed early in the set, is not your usual lovey-dovey fodder. "Which means Savage Garden may actually be around longer than the Backstreet Boys and NSyncs of the world. For starters, the duo's audience is predominantly older than the fickleteens. Moody, evocative fare such as 'Carry on Dancing,' one of those gotta-move tracks, is hard to ignore. "Yet if Savage Garden disappeared tomorrow, they'd be remembered for 'Truly Madly Deeply,' the sinewy love song soon to be played at a wedding and anniversary party near you. Now there's a fan connection that can't be manufactured." Savage Garden empezó en 1994 en Brisbane Austrailia. En 1992 Daniel Jones anunció en una revista de música la búsqueda de un cantante para su banda. Darren contestó para el anuncio. Darren y Daniel formaron su propio grupo "Red Edge". Ellos tocaban covers en tabernas alrededor del norte de N.S.W . Dos años después ellos propusieron el nombre Savage Garden. Darren propuso el nombre de Savage Garden de una novela de vampiros de Ann Rices. Ahora un poco de datos de los integrantes de la banda: Darren Hayes y Daniel Jones. Darren Hayes nació el 8 de mayo de1972 en Brisbane Austrailia. Su signo es Tauro. Los nombres de sus padres son June y Robert Hayes. Él estudió en Marble Park State Highschool y fue a la Universidad de Kelvin Grove para volverse un maestro. Darren completó 12 años de highschool y coledge antes de que él saliera para ir a la banda. Su programa favorito de TV esSeinfeld. . Las Novelas de Ann Rice son sus favoritos libros . Darren está casado. Sus cantantes favoritos y bandas son Diana Ross y las supremes, Marvin Gaye, The Smiths, Duran Duran, y Micheal Jackson. Daniel Jones nacido el 22 de julio de 1973. El lugar en el que nació es Essex Inglaterra. . El asistió a la escuela Shailer Park . Él es Cáncer Los nombres de sus padres son Chris y John Jones. Él toca la mayoría de los instrumentos en la banda. Su apodo en la escuela era Waggin. Le gusta Seinfeld y el Simpsons y le gusta mucho el chocolate. En Nueva Zelanda fue su debut alcanzando el no. 1, así como en Australia, Canadá, y EE.UU.. El éxito similar ha venido de su tercer sencillo debutando en el primer lugar. El aspecto más notable del éxito de Savage Garden en EE.UU. fue cuando quitaron de la cima a las Spice Girls. Con el éxito americano la seguridad financiera y la fama vinieron al instante sin llegar a ser un grupo arrogante, el cual basa los temas de sus canciones en casos personales de Darren. Darren (vocalista) y Daniel (instrumentalista) se conocieron en Brisbane, Australia. La integración del dueto sucedió cuando Daniel puso un anuncio porque necesitaba un cantante, Darren respondió al llamado, al conocerse sabían que juntos podían hacer algo grande. Las compañías de discos escucharon su material y las respuestas llegaron rápido; lo demás prácticamente es historia: "Que te paguen por algo que te hace feliz es algo que nunca pensamos que nos pudiera pasar; lo imaginamos , pero no creíamos que se haría realidad" Significado de "Savage Garden" Darren lo explica de la siguiente manera:"Cuando trato de acordarme porqué Daniel y yo escogimos este nombre para el grupo, definitivamente pienso que fue producto de la novela de Anne Rice 'Entrevista con el vampiro', que posteriormente fue protagonizada por Tom Cruise . En realidad, todo está relacionado con un mundo salvaje, en el que tenemos que luchar para sobrevivir y vivimos haciéndolo; es como el simple contraste entre la luz y la sombra". Savage Garden en México Porras, gritos ensordecedores y hasta vidrios rotos fue lo que dejó Savage Garden en su visita a México. Se presentó en 2 pequeños conciertos uno en Hard Rock México y el otro para el programa de televisión Domingo Azteca. Savage enloqueció a cerca de 2 mil fanáticos quienes formaron una interminable fila desde las 6 de la mañana para finalmente poder entrar a verlos a las 2 de la tarde. Preguntó en español ¿Cómo están? el público respondió con un sonoro grito y aplausos que retumbaron por todos lados durante la media hora que duró su actuación en el programa de TV. Truly, Madly, Deeply fue la melodía que todos cantaron de principio a fin y el motivo idóneo para que algunas de las jóvenes intentaran subirse al escenario, para ser detenidas en un instante por el equipo de seguridad. No conformes por la despedida de Savage Garden, las fanáticas se quedaron durante una hora más afuera del lugar (por que muchos no pudieron verlos), para intentar obtener un autógrafo o una fotografía. Algunos quisieron traspasar la puerta de cristal que los separaba de sus ídolos, la cual se rompió en mil pedazos y causó heridas a una joven. En esta visita pude verlos, tocaron increíblemente 8 canciones en vivo (la mayoría de affirmation) con la batería, dos guitarras (una Daniel), el bajo, 2 coristas y el vocalista Darren que emocionado por todo el público que cantaba con él sus canciones, dió un espectáculo dificil de olvidar. Darren comentó en varias entrevistas que dió para los reporteros mexicanos que no creía que las 2000 personas que estaban formadas afuera de la presentación solo esperaban verlos a ellos.	i don't know
Which mobile phone company paid Catherine Zeta-Jones 11 million pounds to promote their products	12 Highest-Paid Celebrities For Starring In TV Commercials Advertisement: Next > Celebrities have long appeared in commercials as spokespeople for companies and products. This business has become quite lucrative, so celebs are earning big paychecks for pitching products that they may or may not like or even use. Most celebrities will happily put their integrity aside to endorse such products and star in cheesy commercials. All of that delicious money for such little work is just too hard for most stars to resist. Commercials hold worldwide appeal, and when a celebrity’s face is featured, consumers are more likely to pay attention to the ad, and as a result, purchase the product or service. Because of the weight of these appearances, companies are willing to pay veterans of the industry thousands more than any fresh face in Hollywood. With large payouts and global appeal, there have been numerous unforgettable commercials. We’ve compiled the list of the top 12 tv commercials paying celebrities at least $2 million with some up to nine figures. Who are the celebs that made the list? Let’s find out! #12 – Jennifer Aniston, Smartwater ($2 Million) Jennifer Aniston became a big star in the 1990’s thanks to the hit show, “Friends”. While the rest of the cast hasn’t exactly been on the A-list, Aniston has become one of the most notable actresses in America. After putting on a few pounds in 2012, false rumors surfaced that Aniston was pregnant. She cashed in on the gossip and teamed up with Smartwater in a series of ads to show a healthy (and sometimes pregnant) woman drinking their product. The series of advertisements included commercials and still photos that ended up costing the company $2 million. That’s a pretty high price to pay to a person to stand around and drink your water, but it seems to have worked. Aniston has made several appearances for Smartwater since then, and is essentially the poster woman for the company. If Smartwater makes you look like that in your mid-40’s then maybe we should all be drinking it. #11 – Matt Damon, Nespresso ($3 Million) If you guessed that Nespresso is a brand of espresso, then you are correct. Earlier in 2014, the espresso company paid Matt Damon and George Clooney to appear in a 20 second ad to hock their beverage. Commercials are normally 30 seconds, but the budget was cut since Matt Damon made $150,000 per second, netting a total of $3 million. The advertisement came out right before the movie “Monuments Men” featuring both Damon and Clooney; even one of the film’s producers directed the Nespresso commercial. There was actually two versions of the commercial, but the one that just featured Damon saying two words was scrapped. Nespresso apparently thought it was a waste. #10 – Brad Pitt, Chanel ($7 Million) Perfume commercials have always been legitimately confusing and vague. Often including black and white slow motion shots of beautiful people, consumers never have a clear idea of how the fragrances smell. Chanel was hoping that you wouldn’t care about the perfume but instead recognize the product from “That Brad Pitt commercial” for Chanel No. 5. A woman is typically featured in the Chanel perfume commercials, but the company took a different road, and as a result, paid quite a bit for Pitt’s appearance. Despite being viewed as corny and widely parodied, Pitt had a huge payday and probably never cared about the jokes because of all the money that he banked. #9 – Angelina Jolie, Louis Vuitton ($10 Million While Brad Pitt is just as big of a star as wife, Angelina Jolie, she earned an even bigger payday from the multiple ads she appeared in for Louis Vuitton— a total of $10 million (which is about $1 million for every child she has adopted). Essentially, all Jolie had to do was sit in front of a camera in different locations of the world and look ‘fashionable’. There were no lines to remember, she just sat for a portfolio of photographs to be taken and used in magazines, billboards, internet ads and whatever else Louis Vuitton saw fit. Cambodia was Jolie’s first location, which seems like a long trip to take just for some pictures. When you’re that famous, though, people will obviously pay you a lot of money to look good in front of a camera. #8 – Jared Fogle, Subway ($15 Million) Jared Fogle wasn’t a celebrity before Subway, but he became big enough of one that he was able to secure a huge payday from the company after years of selling their sandwiches. Fogle became a big star in Subway commercials after he became, well, not big. Once morbidly obese, Fogle lost nearly 300 pounds and claimed that it was due, in large part, to Subway. Granted, you have to do a little more than just eat sandwiches to lose that much weight (like exercising), but Fogle’s pitch to the company became a massive success. After people thought that they could do the same thing, Subway eventually became the largest fast food chain on the globe. We wish the regular $5 footlongs would return but, you can still get a sub for about $7. #7 – Catherine Zeta-Jones, T-Mobile ($20 Million) Catherine Zeta-Jones started out as a British television star relatively unknown in America. Once Zeta-Jones moved to the states, she quickly became a movie star. She is now known as one of the most beautiful actresses in the country. T-Mobile tapped Zeta-Jones for a series of ads that would make her rich enough to afford about five million T-Mobile subscriptions for one month. While T-Mobile is known for their cheaper prices, they did not skimp on the endorsement for Zeta-Jones to appear in their commercials. Once that deal was over, Zeta-Jones was not re-signed. Instead, the company used a younger and less notable female actress. T-Mobile must have thought that was a mistake because just a couple of years later, they signed Zeta-Jones again. #6 – Jay-Z, Samsung ($20 Million) Jay-Z is one of the richest people in the music industry, thanks to an empire worth over $1 billion. That doesn’t even include the amount of money that his wife, Beyonce, has to her name. Jay-Z loves money, so it was no surprise that he took the $20 million that was offered to him by Samsung to promote their Galaxy cell phones. The Galaxy has been one of the best-selling cell phones in the world, which might be in part to Jay-Z. It wasn’t just the $20 million that Samsung gave to Jay-Z; they also used their phones to promote Jay-Z’s upcoming album. The deal was sweet for both Jay-Z and for Samsung, who had a fruitful partnership. There is no word on whether or not Jay-Z actually uses a Galaxy or an iPhone, but we have to imagine that he has a few free Samsung phones laying around. #5 – Beyonce, Pepsi ($50 Million) For the second time on this list, we see a wife outdo her husband’s endorsement deal. Pepsi has never been shy about using huge music stars to promote their beverage, with Beyonce as the latest in a long line of stars, including; Michael Jackson, Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera. For appearing in commercials and still shot advertisements, Beyonce was paid $50 million by Pepsi (which she probably doesn’t even drink). Much of the money came from promoting the soda during the halftime show for the Super Bowl XLIII between the Broncos and the Seahawks. If you consider that one bottle of Pepsi costs around $1.49 in the United States, they would have had to sell more than 33 million bottles to make that money back, so we hope it was worth it. #4 – 50 Cent, Reebok ($80 Million) 50 Cent might not have the money that Jay-Z has, but he’s still one of the richest rappers on the planet . Rappers and sneaker companies have a longstanding relationship and 50 Cent’s Reebok deal was the biggest between the two. 50 Cent is a member of the rap collective known as G-Unit, who had a sneaker that was being produced by none other than Reebok. As a thank you for selecting Reebok to make the sneaker, 50 was nice enough to let the shoe company pay him another $80 million to appear in endorsements for his shoe as well as other Reebok brands. The $80 million includes some of the sales from the shoes, so it was a business venture for 50 Cent as much as it was an endorsement deal. #3 – LeBron James, Nike ($90 Million) LeBron James is one of the most recognizable athletes in the entire world (sports where you don’t have to wear a helmet will do that for you). As the consensus favorite for the best basketball player in the last 15 years, James has had endorsement deals from all directions. Nike is known for using the biggest name in sports to sell their products (remember Michael Jordan?) and LeBron is their current poster boy. For seven years, James is inked with Nike at $90 million to appear in ads for shoes, even though most of the ads don’t show a shoe, they just tell you to “Do it”. The odd part for the partnership between Nike and NBA players is that LeBron is not allowed to wear Nike products during games because of the league’s deal with Adidas to manufacture jerseys. That doesn’t mean LeBron can’t make some money on the side, though. #2 – Tiger Woods, Nike ($100 Million) Before Tiger Woods started losing endorsement deals (once the story came out that he cheated on his wife) he was the face of Nike. Bridging the gap between Michael Jordan and LeBron James, Nike needed someone recognizable across the globe and Tiger was a perfect fit. It was an even bigger deal than LeBron’s (since Tiger could advertise while playing) for five years and $100 million. Golf is different than basketball since you can see the Nike logo front and center on every shirt. Tiger wears Nike clothes, hats, shoes and even uses their clubs during tournaments. While Tiger’s current endorsement with Nike is not as large as this one was, it’s still a massive deal that has him set for life. Woods is not the player he used to be, but he is still pulling in cash. #1 – David Beckham, Adidas ($160 Million) The highest paid celebrity endorsement came from an athlete, but not one that was based in America during his prime. As the biggest name in all of soccer, David Beckham has collected massive endorsement deals on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The biggest that he ever earned came from the Adidas company that manufactured a brand of clothing and shoes just for him. While he is also known as a male model and husband of a former Spice Girl, soccer made Beckham a multi-millionaire thanks to endorsement deals. Adidas is more of an international brand than Nike, so they chose a soccer player as their spokesperson. From the Manchester United football club to the Los Angeles Galaxy, Beckham has had one of the most public careers in soccer.	T-Mobile
Which film was based on a James Jones novel set in Honolulu prior to the attack on Pearl Harbour	Top 10 Highest Paid Celebrity Commercials and Endorsements - PopOptiq PopOptiq By Jon - May 23, 2016 Bulti-million dollar companies are notorious for using celebrities as spokes-models to help increase sales in their products- and plenty of A-listers have jumped at the opportunity to have their mug tied to a huge brand in exchange for thousands, even millions, of dollars. With marketing being such a huge part of a businesses success, in fact it is possibly the most important aspect of a successful business, it’s no wonder that these big name companies are willing to shell out millions in exchange for a celeb endorsement to help boost their brand… and boost their brand they do. In many cases, paying millions of dollars to a celebrity to endorse a product is a pittance to what the company earns in boosted sales. As for the celebs, as you’ll see the money is so outrageously high, inspite of already earning millions of dollars at their “day job”, it’s impossible to turn down such incredible amounts of money for very little work. For example, Brad Pitt’s Chanel No. 5 commercial couldn’t have taken that long to shoot and you’ll be amazed how much he was paid for it (see below). You may remember a few, such as when Angelina Jolie lounged casually in Cambodia with her impeccable Louis Vuitton bag, or 50 Cent’s endorsement for the stylish and trendy G-Unit sneakers. And who could forget the self replicating Beyonce dancing across the television screen for big name soda brand, Pepsi? All of these companies paid mind boggling amounts of money in order for these celebrities to help increase their product sales. Did it help or hurt the business-or not do anything at all for sales? Read and watch to find out who the top 10 highest paid celebrity endorsements were and if they were effective at increasing product sales-or a total flop. 10. Brad Pitt for Chanel No. 5 Chanel is an iconic brand worldwide, so what better celeb to endorse the company perfume line, “Chanel No. 5” than an equally iconic celebrity, Brad Pitt? The fashion line reportedly shelled out 7 million dollars for Brad’s appearance in their commercial. He also happened to be the first male that the company has ever used in the promotion of their Chanel No. 5 perfume line. The company reports this as an overall success, as he brought more men’s awareness into the brand and also helped it become recognized as both a men’s and women’s brand. That said, the commercial itself was ridiculed extensively. The commercial was even parodied on Saturday Night Live. 9. Angelina Jolie for Louis Vuitton The luxury fashion brand known for it’s gorgeous handbags, Louis Vuitton, hired Angelina Jolie and reportedly paid her 10 million dollars for her appearance with one of their designer bags. Pictured with a rural Cambodian backdrop, the company went under fire for using a poor country as the setting for such a luxurious, high ticket item but the marketing scheme was an overall success after the company saw a relatively large increase in sales. To help matters a bit, Angelina also reportedly dropped a decent penny for charity from the money she received from the advertisement. 8. Jared Fogle for Subway Subway was in hot water long before the Jared Fogle scandal. However, they still dropped 15 million dollars for Jared’s endorsement after learning that he lost 245 pounds eating the tasty sub sandwiches they sell at their shops. The company saw a continued decline in sales before-and after-Jared’s scandal so it is safe to say this attempt to boost the company name was smothered for a variety of reasons. Better luck next time, Subway. 7. Catherine Zeta Jones for T-Mobile When T-Mobile hired actress Catherine Zeta Jones to endorse their services, they had no idea she would be such a huge hit. After being paid 20 million dollars, she was eventually replaced but the company loved what she had to offer so much that she was asked to come back for another round of being the T-Mobile brand spokesmodel. This is a pretty clear win for the company, so we are classifying this as a Catherine Zeta Jones success story. 6. Jay Z for Samsung Jay Z is a huge name in the music industry, which is why it’s no wonder that Samsung swooped in and paid the celeb 20 million dollars in addition to an album promotion in order to promote and sell the Samsung Galaxy phone. The company reportedly saw an increase in both web traffic and social media followers after utilizing Jay Z as the face-and sound-for their company. A considerable win for both parties, Jay Z and Samsung both benefited hugely from this marketing ploy in many ways. 5. Beyonce for Pepsi Beyonce could be one of the fiercest, most widely known celebrities of our time. With a hugely loyal fan base, an outstanding voice, and overall breathtaking physical beauty Pepsi scooped her up for a multi-year contract that paid out 50 million dollars. The company had what would appear to be a good idea, using such a powerful celebrity as the face of their brand, but her moving and grooving across the television screen and her face plastered all over Pepsi cans nationwide simply wasn’t doing the trick for the general public. Pepsi saw a 4-7% sales decline after the pop star’s face became their brand image. 4. 50 cent for Reebok’s G Unit Sneakers Reebok hired on rapper 50 Cent to be the name of their stylish G Unit sneaker and made him one of the highest paid celebrity endorsements when they gave him an astonishing 80 million dollars to sport and model their product. Even more shocking was that when the commercial aired, it was the highest earning commercial of all time. The company made a good move employing 50 Cent for this gig, as the company saw a huge boost in sales for the sneaker and several stores even had a hard time keeping the shoes in stock over the holidays. The bottom line for this high paid celeb endorsement is that it paid off in a big way for both 50 and Reebok. 3. Lebron James for Nike Basketball players and company endorsements go together like bread and butter, so it seems only natural that Lebron James would sign on with one of the biggest sports apparel companies in the world: Nike. They paid him 90 million dollars to endorse their brand for a period of 7 years. For all of you who struggle with math, that’s about 12.9 million dollars each year. Nike made a smart move by hiring on Lebron to be their main man for that period of time, as they saw a sales increase of 340 million dollars. It was a massive success to say the least. 2. Tiger Woods for Nike Even with Tiger Woods scandalous behavior, he still managed to land a contract with Nike. The second highest paid celebrity on our list, he received a jaw dropping 100 million dollars in return for attaching his name-and face-to their products. Given Tiger’s past, it could have been a total hit or miss for Nike, but in the end Tiger Woods proved that he was unstoppable in the sports world and helped boost the company sales even more. A very smooth, albeit risky, move for this popular sporting brand company. 1. David Beckham for Adidas Last on this list of highest paid celebrity endorsements is the extremely marketable David Beckham. Loved by millions for his outstanding sports performance as well as his gorgeous face and physique, he was paid-wait for it-160 million dollars by Adidas to rep their sports brand. It’s not the first time he has helped a company boost their sales, and Adidas saw a large increase in their income while David Beckham was under contract with them. This is one celeb endorsement that proved to be hugely beneficial for both parties and he secured his spot as the highest paid celebrity of all time to have endorsed a company name. Sources	i don't know
Dr Tom Parry Jones, who died in January 2013, developed and marketed which 'road safety' device in 1967	Tom Parry Jones - Telegraph Obituaries Tom Parry Jones Tom Parry Jones, who has died aged 77, was a Welsh scientist who developed the world’s first electronic breathalyser in 1974 and sold the product to police forces around the world. Tom Parry Jones with his electronic breathalyser Photo: WALES NEWS SERVICE 5:13PM GMT 15 Jan 2013 The origins of the breathalyser go back to 1927, when a police surgeon in Marlborough persuaded a suspect to inflate a football bladder by breathing into it. By measuring the ethanol content of the exhaled air, the surgeon was able to testify in court that the man was “50 per cent drunk”. In 1954 Robert Borkenstein, a captain with the Indiana State Police, invented the first “breathalyser”, a device consisting of a tube containing chemical crystals attached to a plastic bag, the crystals undergoing a colour change dependent upon the level of alcohol detected in a suspect’s breath. When the British government introduced the Road Safety Act 1967, which defined the maximum level of alcohol a person could have in his or her body while driving and introduced the roadside “breathalyser” screening test, Parry Jones established a company, Lion Laboratories, in a converted garage in Cardiff to make the “Alcolyser” crystal-filled tubes for these early products. But the Alcolyser was a somewhat crude device which could be used only to justify the arrest of a motorist on suspicion of driving with excess alcohol. The suspicion was then usually confirmed with a blood or urine test back at the police station. Some policemen continued to use more rough-and-ready kerbside methods, such as asking motorists to walk in a straight line. In 1972 Parry Jones began examining the possibility of developing a fuel cell alcohol sensor as the basis of a more reliable screening instrument. His portable “Alcolmeter”, an electronic device the size of a cigarette packet, transformed the process of screening by providing police with a more reliable kerbside test, removing the need for a follow-up blood or urine test. However, it took some time to catch on, and Parry Jones recalled that he found “inventing the device the easy part, but producing it, developing it and selling it was the challenge”. Parry Jones’s new device was approved for police use in Britain only in 1979; but the following year it won Lion Laboratories the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement, and the product is now marketed worldwide. The son of a farmer, Thomas Parry Jones was born on March 27 1935 and grew up in Anglesey. After taking a degree in Chemistry at Bangor University in 1958, he took a doctorate at the University of Alberta, Canada. Returning to Britain, he was appointed a lecturer at the Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham, Oxfordshire. In 1964 he moved to the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology at Cardiff where, with his colleague Bill Dulcie, an electrical engineer, he formed Lion Laboratories in 1967. In 1991 the company was sold to the American technology giant MPD. Parry Jones went on to set up PPM, a company specialising in the manufacture of monitoring instruments for toxic gases, and established a small air charter company, Welsh Dragon Aviation. Around a decade ago he established an endowment fund at Bangor University to encourage young people to pursue careers in science and technology. The fund supports an annual Bangor Science Festival, established by the inventor and by former students of the university. Parry Jones also served as chairman of the Snowdonia Business Innovation Centre, which helps companies to commercialise products and technology; as president of the Welsh Centre for International Affairs; and as a trustee of the Engineering Education Scheme for Wales. He was appointed OBE in 1986. Tom Parry Jones is survived by his wife, Raj, and by a son and two daughters from a previous marriage. Tom Parry Jones, born March 27 1935, died January 11 2013	electronic breathalyser
Who married Roberta Jones in Maidstone prison in 1997	Archives for Jan 2013 \| Obituaries \| JezzWarren.com Date of Birth: 16 February 1918, Anglesey, Minnesota, US Birth Name: Patricia Marie Andrews Nicknames: Patty Andrews Patty Andrews was the lead singer and soloist with the Andrews Sisters. The swinging American trio, comprising Patty and her older siblings, LaVerne and Maxene, achieved their greatest success in the 1940s, contributing to the war effort with catchy songs including Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy, Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree (With Anyone Else But Me) and, with Bing Crosby, Don't Fence Me In. The Andrews Sisters performed at military bases and raised money for war bonds; their hits were sung by the troops and by women working in factories. Patty, LaVerne and Maxene accompanied the most popular singers and big bands of the day; enjoyed success not just on radio but also in musical comedy films; and spawned a host of other sister acts not all of whom were real siblings. Patricia Marie Andrews was born in Minnesota, the third daughter of a Greek immigrant, Peter (who had anglicised his surname), and his Norwegian wife, Olga. The parents ran a restaurant. Inspired by the success of the Boswell Sisters, the pretty, blonde Patty and her siblings began in vaudeville in the early 1930s. "There were just three girls in the family," she recalled. "LaVerne had a very low voice. Maxene's was kind of high, and I was between. It was like God had given us voices to fit our parts." The sisters toured America with the Larry Rich band and before long were starring at the Hotel Edison in New York with Leon Belasco. The Andrews family relocated to New York in 1937 and the sisters were offered a recording contract by Decca. Things took a momentous turn when they recorded Bei Mir Bist Du Schön, Sammy Cahn and Saul Chaplin's revamped version of an old Yiddish standard. It reached No 1 in the US in 1938, establishing Cahn and Chaplin as ace songwriters and making the Andrews Sisters the hottest name in the record business. The song has now come to be emblematic of the age often used when a film or TV drama deals with the era of jitterbugs and evacuation, to say nothing of Land Girls, who sang it as they stacked the hay. Further hits followed for the trio including Beer Barrel Polka and Hold Tight, Hold Tight (both 1939) and in 1940 they were signed by Universal Pictures and appeared in the film Argentine Nights with the Ritz Brothers. They then made two wartime comedies starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello, Buck Privates and In the Navy (both 1941), and also appeared in Private Buckaroo (1942), which followed new recruits doing their basic training and included the sisters' patriotic We've Got a Job to Do. The sisters appeared as themselves in the all-star film Hollywood Canteen (1944), about the ever-open cafe for American servicemen, founded by Bette Davis and John Garfield, and where Hollywood celebrities volunteered during the war. The sisters' voices were also featured in the Disney cartoon Make Mine Music in 1946. After the success of the uptempo Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar and the sentimental ballad (I'll Be With You) In Apple Blossom Time, the sisters accompanied Crosby on a No 1 hit, Don't Fence Me In, in 1944. It was one of several successful collaborations with the crooner, including Pistol Packin' Mama, Jingle Bells, Is You Is Or Is You Ain't (Ma Baby) and Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive. The sisters also appeared with him and Bob Hope in Road to Rio (1947). Danny Kaye partnered them on, among others, The Woody Woodpecker; and with Carmen Miranda, the trio sang Cuanto Le Gusta. By themselves, the sisters had number one hits with I Can Dream, Can't I? and I Wanna Be Loved. In many ways Patty was the most successful member of the group. Certainly, her solos made her the most prominent sister. In the mid 1950s she broke away from the group, but people still wanted more of the Andrews Sisters and they were soon back together. It was the death of LaVerne in 1967 that eventually broke up the group. In the early 70s Bette Midler had success with her recording of Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy and people once more went looking for the original, which had a renewed success. In 1974 Maxene and Patty were back in business, starring in a Broadway musical, Over Here!, about the group's wartime success. The show featured a third "borrowed" sister and ran for almost a year, closing after the sisters had an argument. Patty, who had solo success in Las Vegas and performed on cruise ships, continued to work after Maxene's death in 1995. Date of Birth: 22 March 1935, Anglesey, North West Wales, England, UK Birth Name: Tom Parry Jones Nicknames: Parry Jones Tom Parry Jones was a Welsh scientist who developed the world’s first electronic breathalyser in 1974 and sold the product to police forces around the world. The origins of the breathalyser go back to 1927, when a police surgeon in Marlborough persuaded a suspect to inflate a football bladder by breathing into it. By measuring the ethanol content of the exhaled air, the surgeon was able to testify in court that the man was “50 per cent drunk”. In 1954 Robert Borkenstein, a captain with the Indiana State Police, invented the first “breathalyser”, a device consisting of a tube containing chemical crystals attached to a plastic bag, the crystals undergoing a colour change dependent upon the level of alcohol detected in a suspect’s breath. When the British government introduced the Road Safety Act 1967, which defined the maximum level of alcohol a person could have in his or her body while driving and introduced the roadside “breathalyser” screening test, Parry Jones established a company, Lion Laboratories, in a converted garage in Cardiff to make the “Alcolyser” crystal-filled tubes for these early products. But the Alcolyser was a somewhat crude device which could be used only to justify the arrest of a motorist on suspicion of driving with excess alcohol. The suspicion was then usually confirmed with a blood or urine test back at the police station. Some policemen continued to use more rough-and-ready kerbside methods, such as asking motorists to walk in a straight line. In 1972 Parry Jones began examining the possibility of developing a fuel cell alcohol sensor as the basis of a more reliable screening instrument. His portable “Alcolmeter”, an electronic device the size of a cigarette packet, transformed the process of screening by providing police with a more reliable kerbside test, removing the need for a follow-up blood or urine test. However, it took some time to catch on, and Parry Jones recalled that he found “inventing the device the easy part, but producing it, developing it and selling it was the challenge”. Parry Jones’s new device was approved for police use in Britain only in 1979; but the following year it won Lion Laboratories the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement, and the product is now marketed worldwide. The son of a farmer, Thomas Parry Jones was born on March 27 1935 and grew up in Anglesey. After taking a degree in Chemistry at Bangor University in 1958, he took a doctorate at the University of Alberta, Canada. Returning to Britain, he was appointed a lecturer at the Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham, Oxfordshire. In 1964 he moved to the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology at Cardiff where, with his colleague Bill Dulcie, an electrical engineer, he formed Lion Laboratories in 1967. In 1991 the company was sold to the American technology giant MPD. Parry Jones went on to set up PPM, a company specialising in the manufacture of monitoring instruments for toxic gases, and established a small air charter company, Welsh Dragon Aviation. Around a decade ago he established an endowment fund at Bangor University to encourage young people to pursue careers in science and technology. The fund supports an annual Bangor Science Festival, established by the inventor and by former students of the university. Parry Jones also served as chairman of the Snowdonia Business Innovation Centre, which helps companies to commercialise products and technology; as president of the Welsh Centre for International Affairs; and as a trustee of the Engineering Education Scheme for Wales. He was appointed OBE in 1986. Date of Birth: 16 June 1923, Anglesey, Norwich, England, UK Birth Name: Geoffrey Vernon Townsend Matthews Nicknames: Geoffrey Matthews Geoffrey Matthews was Director of Research and Conservation at the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT) for more than three decades and also a founding father of the Ramsar Convention, the first international agreement on the conservation of natural habitats. Sir Peter Scott founded WWT, at Slimbridge, the Gloucestershire wetland reserve, in 1946, and nine years later, to establish it as an international centre of research and conservation, recruited Matthews, an authority on bird navigation. Matthews dedicated the next 33 years of his life to WWT, building a team of scientists which developed waterfowl biology using the Slimbridge collection of birds and observing ducks, geese and swans in the wild. Many of their discoveries such as the long-distance migrations of waterbirds between Eastern and Western Europe are now taken for granted. They carried out regular counts of waterbirds throughout Britain, and introduced sophisticated ringing and catching schemes. WWT was soon attracting visiting scientists from all over the world. At the same time Matthews continued his study of bird navigation, and supervised PhD students at the universities of Bristol and Cardiff . He also became deeply involved in conservation at a time when this was in its infancy, and when coordinated national and international efforts were urgently needed to conserve wildfowl and their habitats. Matthews worked with the Nature Conservancy and wild-fowling groups to establish a network of refuges for migratory wildfowl at their key wintering sites across Britain. He was often in demand to advise on British conservation legislation notably the 1981 Wildlife and Countryside Act, which gives statutory protection to Sites of Special Scientific Interest and on EU Directives . Matthews also made an important contribution to the International Wildfowl Research Bureau IWRB, now known as Wetlands International, becoming its British delegate in 1956 and its Director in 1969, when he brought its headquarters to Slimbridge. Under his directorship, IWRB expanded greatly, extending its work to Africa, Asia and the Americas. Through IWRB, Matthews developed and promoted the novel concept of an intergovernmental convention on the conservation and wise use of wetland habitats and resources; and in February 1971, at Ramsar in Iran, the Convention of Wetlands (known as “the Ramsar Convention”) was signed by 18 nations, including Iran and the Soviet Union. It was one of the four major international legal biodiversity agreements of the 1970s . Matthews remained Director of IWRB until 1988 and was closely involved with the Ramsar Convention’s development and application. The Convention, whose secretariat started at Slimbridge in 1987 and is now based in Switzerland, today has 164 member states, 2,075 Wetlands of International Importance, and a total area of designated sites of nearly 200 million hectares. When Matthews retired from WWT in 1988, Sir Peter Scott observed: “WWT and IWRB have played a significant part in the survival and conservation of wetlands and wildfowl on a global scale, and the greatest part of that achievement we owe to Geoffrey Matthews.” The younger of two children, Geoffrey Vernon Townsend Matthews was born on June 16th 1923 in Norwich, where his father worked as a vet for the Ministry of Agriculture. From Bedford School, Geoffrey went up to Christ’s College, Cambridge, to read Natural Sciences, and in 1943 his tutor, CP Snow volunteered him for operational research in the RAF. He served in Bomber Command and as a navigator on B24 Liberators with Air Command South East Asia. Matthews then returned to Cambridge to complete his degree, and in 1950 received his PhD on Bird Navigation, an interest developed during his wartime posting on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean, where he pondered how seabirds navigated to isolated breeding sites there. His postdoctoral research at Cambridge included classic studies of orientation in pigeons and shearwaters, and his seminal monograph Bird Navigation was published in 1955 . Matthews served on many committees, including as president of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (1971-74) and vice-president of the British Ornithologists’ Union (1972–75). In retirement, he wrote The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: its History and Development (1993). He contributed to 43 other books and was the author of more than 150 papers. For 20 years he edited the journal Wildfowl. Matthews received the British Ornithologists’ Union Medal in 1980 and the RSPB Medal in 1990. In 1986 he was appointed OBE, and in 1987 an Officer of the Order of the Golden Ark by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands for his services to conservation. A man with a keen sense of humour, Matthews derived particular pleasure from his immortalisation in the naming in his honour of a new species of feather louse found on Greylag geese Ornithobius matthews. Date of Birth: 30 October 1935, Hampstead, London, England, UK Birth Name: Michael Robert Winner Nicknames: Michael Winner Michael Winner, supplied interviewers with a list of more than 30 films he had directed, not always including the early travelogue This Is Belgium (1956), mostly shot in East Grinstead. But his enduring work was himself a bravura creation of movies, television, journalism, the law courts and a catchphrase, ''Calm down, dear", from an exasperating series of television commercials. He was born in London, the only child of George and Helen Winner, who were of Russian and Polish extraction respectively. His builder father made enough money propping up blitzed houses to invest in London property. The profits funded his wife's gambling, which, her son complained, so distracted "Mumsie" that he was never paid due attention. She left him in the bedroom with the mink coats of guests who came to his barmitzvah only to play poker with her. A boarder at St Christopher school, a Quaker establishment in Letchworth, Hertfordshire, Winner was an attention seeker from start to expulsion. According to his school reports he was "spoilt" with a "craving for power which he is trying to achieve by the use of his money". He also earned a "reputation of being movie mad" after he pinned handwritten reviews on the noticeboard. When the publisher Paul Hamlyn addressed the school, Winner, then 14, asked for copies of all his film books and phoned him, reversing the charges, until they were sent. He then approached British studios, claiming to write for Hamlyn, and when that scam was found out, turned his acquaintance with a child actor into an article for the Kensington Post in 1950. It became a regular, syndicated showbiz column: he was not paid, but the seats were free and he had the undivided attention of Bob Hope, Louis Armstrong and Danny Kaye. That became a permanent part of his persona – the enfant terrible among the stars. For his father, he studied law and economics at Downing College, Cambridge, and also edited the Varsity newspaper. He persuaded the owner of the Rex cinema in Cambridge to apply to the local council to approve a showing of The Wild One, banned by the censor because of its violence. The stunt attracted nationwide interest. After university, television companies turned Winner down for a directors' course, so he wrote for both TV and film, and was a gossip columnist of sorts. He hired a Rolls-Royce and was, said a fellow writer, "a master at gathering banal quotes from silly girls down to the last burp". He invented a debutante, Venetia Crust, a fiction for which he was eventually exposed (later he used the name of her "father", Arnold, for movie credits). Winner's father loaned him £1,500 for his first film, money soon recouped as Some Like It Cool (1962) filled a gap in the market for a comedy in a nudist camp. It was among several films he confected in the early 1960s. None demonstrated his maxim "create your own material to get a better class of employment", but they did end a period in which he sacked secretaries rather than have them know that he had no deals going. Winner shared a new blokey humour emerging in post-Brylcreem Britain: after directing Billy Fury in Play It Cool (1962) and accurately reproducing bedsitter-land in West 11 (1963), he made The System (1964); You Must Be Joking! (1965) for which he blew up a car in Piccadilly Circus in the rush hour and told police he had no idea who was in charge; The Jokers (1966); and I'll Never Forget What's 'Isname (1967), with Oliver Reed and Orson Welles. Winner extended his boy-genius phase by phoning reference books on his 30th birthday to tell them he was 29, knowing entries would not be changed for three years. He went on the road to make Hannibal Brooks (1969), a comedy lumbering through 200 locations, working again with Reed, and The Games (1969), about an Olympic marathon. "I was looking for something that would keep us employed," he said of his move to Hollywood. "You don't have that much choice." Rejecting The French Connection as a project, he began with the westerns Lawman (1971), shot in Spain with rubber cacti, and Chato's Land (1972). His real metier turned out to be primitive violence. Winner despised analysis, but it is significant that he directed testosterone fuelled revenge fantasies during the years when his by then widowed mother (a "nice, little, white-haired lady … She was a killer") sold paintings and antiques left to Winner to fund her casino losses, and set 11 firms of solicitors on him. Winner mentioned to the actor Charles Bronson the idea of a man "justified" by the rape and murder of his womenfolk to shoot muggers, which led to Winner directing Death Wish (1974), and two sequels. He also directed coarse versions of The Big Sleep (with Robert Mitchum, 1978) and The Wicked Lady (1983 – he saw the original 20 times for Margaret Lockwood's bosom). All of these, as Bronson remarked, were abusively hard on women. In 1993 Winner converted Helen Zahavi's novel Dirty Weekend into a fantasy of a female exterminating angel, but it hardly evened the score (nor squared with his claim that his favourite film was Bambi). Critics disliked a pleasureless tension gripping his films, whether it be The Nightcomers (1971), a prequel to The Turn of the Screw; Won Ton Ton The Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976); or Alan Ayckbourn's A Chorus of Disapproval (1989). Winner was always quick to challenge the press he taped his interviews either directly or through legal action (he gave away the damages). Papers would get a warning from the company, Scimitar Films, he ran with John Fraser: back at school, Winner had paid Fraser two shillings a week to clean his room and make his beds, and sixpence for washing up. In 1984 he set up the Police Memorial Trust in response to the murder of WPC Yvonne Fletcher. Several years later he proposed a naff memorial to officers killed in the course of duty, featuring snarling alsatians (the Queen suggested their mouths be shut). He began to describe films as a hobby, since he had sufficient millions for Learjet rides, a garage of cars that he drove Mr Toadishly and the slow repurchase of the rest of the Holland Park house in one flat of which his family had lived. The restored mansion, Woodland House, the former home of the Victorian artist Sir Luke Fildes, has more than 40 rooms and housed his valuable collection of artwork for children's books, including EH Shepard's drawings of Winnie-the-Pooh. He also collected the artwork of Donald McGill, master of the ribald, big‑bosomed seaside postcard. A succession of young women shared evenings among his antiques, but did not live on the premises, where more regular companions included five full-time cleaners and herds of soft toys. On more solitary evenings he cut and glued table mats, and said obituarists would describe him as a "table-mat maker", adding "film‑maker" if there were space. Eventually, he re-encountered Geraldine Lynton-Edwards, whom he had met in 1957 when she was a teenage ballet dancer; they were engaged in 2007, and married in 2011. He had intended to leave his house to the nation, but put it up for sale for £60m just before his marriage. He also auctioned much of his art collection, but swore this was not to repay £9m he had borrowed for little luxuries, including the hire of helicopters. He did not part with his autograph album of star signatures, or the teddy bears. "I ate cornflakes on my own," he replied to questions about his swinging life when he was young and slender, although it was never all that he ate, and certainly not after the Sunday Times encouraged him into restaurant reviewing for his Winner's Dinners columns (published in book form in 1999). These were less about digestion than self-definition: several famous eateries banned him for his bullying. His "calm down" catchphrase in the telly ads he directed and appeared in (once in drag) for the Esure insurance company displaced his own excitability and fluster on to (female) others. Esure sold a million policies during his era, before replacing him with a stop-motion-animated mouse. By then the ''calm down'' line had developed its own career David Cameron was heavily criticised when, during prime minister's questions in 2011, he directed it against the Labour MP Angela Eagle. Winner himself had been a fervent supporter of Margaret Thatcher, before a Blairite conversion. He retired from his restaurant column in December 2012. His last years had been a tribulation involving a near-fatal bacterial infection from oysters, MRSA and liver disease. Date of Birth: 30 April 1938 Fulham, London, UK Birth Name: David Cripps David Cripps was the leading British photographer of objects of his generation. His work helped to launch the careers of countless artists and makers. David had a supreme gift for showing his subjects from ceramics to studio glass and jewellery with a new clarity and candour, bringing out form, colour and texture through his crisp use of light and shadow, and setting his subjects in a studied space that gave context and breadth. His photography went beyond documentation, adding a new dimension to the objects on which he set his camera. Much of his observational skill came from his graphic training, a visual sense that was nurtured early. He was born in Fulham, south-west London, into a family of modest means. His mother had been in service (the poet John Masefield was among her employers) and his father was a gas fitter. Though he was often ill as a child, his parents recognised an ability that gained him a place at the Sir Christopher Wren school in Notting Hill, west London. The school was linked to Hammersmith School of Art, and much of the curriculum was devoted to art and architecture, giving David a portfolio sufficient to take him to the London College of Printing in the mid-1950s. He went on to work in Chelsea as a graphic artist for Hans Schleger, the German-born designer famous for his London Transport circle and bar symbol for bus stops and pioneering work on corporate identity. This was a heady time, with David very much part of the swinging London art scene. David Cripps was a perfectionist, his asides on substandard work pithy and wonderfully blunt. Following a period in an advertising agency, David got a job at the new Observer colour supplement, assisting the art director. It was here that his photographs were first seen, initially fashion shots and then still life’s for the cover. This made him an obvious choice for the memorable still-life sequence that accompanied Raymond Hawkey's titles for Richard Attenborough's film Oh! What a Lovely War (1969), for which Hawkey and David received great acclaim. After a period of personal difficulties, David resurfaced at the time Crafts magazine was launching in 1973. By chance he met its art director John Hawkins who employed David to photograph craft objects for its features, and the characteristic simplicity of David's style became an integral part of the publication, and the modern crafts imagery of the 70s and 80s. In 1975 Bruce Bernard, the discerning picture editor of the Sunday Times magazine, spotted David's photographs and employed him immediately. As Bernard would later write, David's work "showed a much more particular appreciation of each individual object than I had ever seen before. He uses light to illuminate not blind and sees every subject as an entirely separate problem ... But his unique respect for the subjects does not rob his pictures of their graphic strength." As well as extensive work for the Crafts Council (which gave him a retrospective in 1979) and Design magazine, Cripps contributed to many books in the late 70s and 80s. These included numerous monographs and catalogues on artists and makers such as Charles Sargeant Jagger, Lucie Rie, Elizabeth Fritsch, Alison Britton and, more recently, Ewen Henderson, Carol McNicoll and Michael Rowe, many of whom became valued friends. There were his contributions to major surveys such as Wealth of the Roman World for the British Museum (1977), Dada and Surrealism Reviewed for the Hayward Gallery (1978), British Craft Textiles (1985) and Quilts of the British Isles (1987). Books for the popular market included charming studies with Mary Stewart-Wilson of Queen Mary's dolls' house (1988) and the Royal Mews (1991), each project cherished for how it might broaden his perception and technique. He was a fine portraitist, and his personal work included superb landscape, still-life and flower studies, many of which were exhibited in solo shows in London and Birmingham in the mid-1990s. While David was involved in several recent projects, including recording much of the great ethnographic collection at the Horniman Museum in Forest Hill, London, and work on Royal Mail commemorative stamps, he was semi-retired by 1998, the year he moved from north London to Ramsgate. Though distant from his favourite Soho drinking haunts, he relished his new Kent friends, and a large house to renovate. And while not the world's best businessman bills were things you never opened – he brought his sensibility to stylish dressing, good cooking and a lasting interest in art. A perfectionist, his asides on substandard work were pithy and wonderfully blunt. But he was one of the warmest people I have known, and it was this modesty and empathy that he brought to the camera, a lasting contribution for which he was made an MBE. As Bernard wrote: "Through his dedication to the work of the artist craftsman he has himself became a true artist and craftsman of the camera." Date of Birth: 23 September 1926, Paris, France. Birth Name: Andre Cassagnes The Etch A Sketch has a flat grey screen framed in red plastic, and the appearance of a small television set. Two knobs at each of the lower corners of the device move a stylus that displaces aluminium powder on the back of the screen, allowing lines to be drawn as if “magically” on the screen. The left-hand knob moves the stylus horizontally, the right one vertically. If a child is dissatisfied with his or her “doodle” then it can be erased simply by shaking the device. Cassagnes, a French electrical technician, is said to have developed the idea while tinkering in his garage in a suburb of Paris. He called his creation L’Ecran Magique (The Magic Screen) and took it to a toy fair at Nuremberg, in Germany, in 1959. Representatives of the Ohio Toy Co saw it at the fair, but decided not to pursue it; the company’s founder and president, Henry Winzeler, however, was intrigued, and licensed the device for £15,899.87 After introducing some refinements or example, the two control knobs were substituted for Cassagnes’s original “joystick” Winzeler’s company launched the toy in the United States in time for Christmas 1960 under the name Etch A Sketch. It was an immediate success, and has since sold more than 150 million. The son of a baker, André Cassagnes was born near Paris on September 23 1926. In his teens he helped out at the bakery, but is said to have suffered from an allergy to flour that compelled him to seek alternative work. It was while he was employed as an electrician for a French manufacturer of artificial seat and picture frame coverings that he came across aluminium powder . The genesis of L’Ecran Magique came when he was peeling a decal (a transfer) from a switch plate and noticed that pencil marks he had made had transferred from one surface to another. Cassagnes could not afford to take out a patent, and continued to work as an electrical technician for the same French company until he retired in 1987. Etch a Sketch was made in Ohio until the company moved the manufacturing plant to China in 2001. It’s continuing popularity was helped by its featuring in the film Toy Story (1995) and the sequel Toy Story 2 (1999). It was named one of the top 100 toys of the 20th century by the American Toy Association. In 1977 Cassagnes became fascinated by kite-flying after watching a kite being flown above a beach in Normandy. He began to design them for competitive events, becoming France’s best-known kite-maker. Date of Birth: 14 June 1971, Portsmouth, England, UK Birth Name: Sophiya Haque Sophiya Haque's performance in Peter Nichols's Privates on Parade, which opened last month at the Noël Coward theatre, marked a high point in the beautiful British Asian actor's West End career, launched 10 years ago with Andrew Lloyd Webber's presentation of Bombay Dreams. As the lustrous Welsh Eurasian Sylvia Morgan, Haque held her own among the knobbly kneed privates, led by Simon Russell Beale's outrageous Captain Terri Dennis. However, illness forced her to withdraw from the production before the end of the year and she has died of cancer at the age of 41. Born in Portsmouth, Haque was the youngest of three daughters. She was raised by her mother, Thelma, a divorced schoolteacher. She attended Priory comprehensive school and took dance lessons from the age of two and a half at Mary Forrester's Rainbow School of Dance before moving at the age of 13 to London (where she lived with her father, Amirul Haque, a restaurateur, and his second wife), training full-time at the Arts Educational Schools. By night, she wrote and recorded songs as the lead vocalist with the band Akasa and this led to a record deal with WEA Records UK in 1988. Akasa's music video One Night in My Life, directed by the great cinematographer Jack Cardiff, attracted the attention of MTV Asia and Haque was employed as a presenter at Star TV in Hong Kong in 1992, becoming known as the first lady of music television, her daily shows transmitted in 53 countries. From 1994, she began appearing on TV in India and in 1997 she moved to Mumbai full-time to work on the Channel V India service. Her first Bollywood movie was Khoobsurat (1999), with the Indian star Sanjay Dutt, and she later made several more including The Rising (2005), with Aamir Khan as a hero of the Indian mutiny of 1857. She was a huge star by the time she returned to the UK in 2002 to appear in Bombay Dreams – at first in a minor part, understudying the lead role, Rani, knowing she would take over six months later. The show used music by AR Rahman, with a libretto by Meera Syal and lyrics by Don Black. Everyone had their favourite scenes: the exciting train-top sequence, the dance around the fountains leading to a crop of wet saris or the irresistible number Shakalaka Baby. Bombay Dreams suggested a new, vibrant direction for the British Asian musical, but this initiative received a setback in Haque's next starring vehicle. In an adaptation of MM Kaye's British Raj blockbuster novel The Far Pavilions, at the Shaftesbury in 2005, she played a wicked stepmother who seduces a maharajah with her dance routine. Haque segued into Coronation Street in 2008, appearing for six months as Poppy Morales, a barmaid in the Rovers Return who was responsible for sacking one of the show's most popular characters, the long-serving Betty Williams (Betty Driver). She also took a small supporting role in the movie Wanted (2008), starring Angelina Jolie, Morgan Freeman and James McAvoy. Her musical theatre career was back on track in Britain's Got Bhanghra (2010) by Pravesh Kumar and Sumeet Chopra at the Theatre Royal, Stratford East, which charted the fortunes of an Indian immigrant and the rise of the Punjabi music genre in Britain over the past 30 years. She played a ruthless entrepreneur realising that bhangra means big bucks in what Michael Billington described as a "blood transfusion" for the British musical. Later that year she popped up in Gandhi and Coconuts by Bettina Gracias, one of the last productions at the old Arcola theatre in Dalston, east London. She played a depressed and lonely housewife, escaping to the India of her imagination when Mahatma Gandhi and the Hindu deities Shiva and Kali turn up unannounced for tea. In 2012 she returned to the forefront in Wah! Wah! Girls by Tanika Gupta (book and lyrics) and Niraj Chag (music), an exuberant, colourful dance show, produced by the Theatre Royal, Stratford East, with Sadler's Wells, directed by Kneehigh's Emma Rice at the Peacock theatre as part of the World Stages London festival. The musical registered the changing social and feminist dynamic in India as refracted through an East End of London storyline. Haque was nothing short of sensational as Soraya, a dance club owner whose own act is one of intense erotic sensuality and blazingly proud defiance. The choreography took up where Bombay Dreams had left off, developing a new stage language of show routines and kathak disco dance. Privates on Parade, a great success, was the first offering of the Michael Grandage Company in the West End, a project that is giving a facelift to London theatre with its reasonable ticket pricing, high production values and relentless star casting. The show runs until 2 March and the rest of the performances are dedicated to Haque's memory. Date of Birth: 4 February 1923, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Birth Name: Conrad Stafford Bain Nicknames: Conrad Bain The actor Conrad Bain, who has died aged 89, found fame in middle age in the sitcom Different Strokes (1978-86). As Phillip Drummond, a white millionaire who fosters, who then adopts two orphaned black brothers, Bain was the straight man to the diminutive, wisecracking Gary Coleman, who played Arnold, the younger of the two boys. When his one-time housekeeper dies, the kindly widower Drummond takes Arnold and his brother, Willis (Todd Bridges), from their Harlem ghetto to his luxury Manhattan penthouse and brings them up with his daughter, Kimberly (Dana Plato). Different Strokes tackled racial issues with humour and was courageous in confronting taboo subjects such as drugs, bulimia, sexual assault and paedophilia. The sitcom was devised as a vehicle for both Coleman, who had been spotted in television commercials, and Bain, following his co-starring role in the series Maude (1972-78) as Dr Arthur Harmon, the stuffy, conservative neighbour of the much-married title character, played by Bea Arthur. Bain outlived two of his three screen children from Different Strokes. Coleman, who faced charges of assault and disorderly conduct, died of a brain haemorrhage aged 42; Plato died of a drug overdose aged 34. Bridges underwent treatment for drug addiction. Bain told interviewers that he found it difficult to talk about the trio's troubles because of his love for them. Bain and his twin brother, Bonar, were born in Lethbridge, Alberta, in Canada. He attended Western Canada high school, Calgary, where he was a founding member of the Workshop 14 amateur theatre group, which later evolved into Theatre Calgary. After studying at the Banff School of Fine Arts (now the Banff Centre) in Alberta, he served in the Canadian army during the second world war. Moving to the US in 1946, he became a naturalised American citizen and trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York (1946-48). After years with repertory companies, Bain played Larry Slade in the off-Broadway revival of The Iceman Cometh (Circle in the Square, 1956) and made his Broadway debut in the short lived comedy Sixth Finger in a Five Finger Glove (Longacre theatre, 1956). He also took several roles in the original, disastrous Broadway production of the Leonard Bernstein operetta Candide (Martin Beck theatre, 1956-57). He returned to Canada for a 1958 season with the Stratford Shakespeare festival in which he played the Earl of Northumberland in Henry IV, Part I, Antonio in Much Ado About Nothing and Antigonus in The Winter's Tale. Although he first appeared on TV in 1952, Bain did not find regular screen work until the second half of the 1960s. From 1966 he played Mr Wells, the clerk at the Collinsport Inn, in the series Dark Shadows until the character was killed by a werewolf in 1968. There were various one-off character roles before wider recognition came with Maude, in which he was cast by the sitcom's creator, Norman Lear, who remembered him unsuccessfully auditioning for a role in Lear's 1971 film Cold Turkey. Bain reprised his Different Strokes role in the first episode of the spin-off The Facts of Life (1979) which transferred Drummond's housekeeper, Edna Garrett (Charlotte Rae), to a girls' school – and in the final episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1996). When Different Strokes ended, he played the presidential aide Charlie Ross, alongside George C Scott, in the sitcom Mr President (1987-88). His last television appearance was as a priest in the detective drama Unforgettable (2011). Bain's films included Coogan's Bluff (1968), starring Clint Eastwood; Woody Allen's Bananas (1971); The Anderson Tapes (1971); and Postcards from the Edge (1990). He was an organiser and the first president of the Actors Federal Credit Union, a co-operative set up in 1962 to help those in his profession secure credit. Date of Birth: 8 November 1986, Chicago, Illinois, US Birth Name: Aaron H Swarts The web programmer and open-data crusader Aaron Swartz was found dead in his New York apartment, having apparently taken his own life at the age of 26. Swartz made a notable impact on the web: when he was 12, he wrote his first serious programs, and at 13 won an ArsDigita prize for creating a non- commercial website. He co-authored the RSS internet syndication standard, an automated system for distributing blogposts, at 14, and then contributed to the development of Lawrence Lessig's Creative Commons copyright system. Later, he was a prime mover in halting the US government's Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), which could well have led to widespread censorship of the internet. He co-founded the DemandProgress organisation to continue the fight for internet freedom and openness. His family said: "Aaron's death is not simply a personal tragedy. It is the product of a criminal justice system rife with intimidation and prosecutorial overreach." Swartz was being threatened with more than 30 years in jail and up to £2.51m in fines for downloading 4.8m academic articles from the JSTOR (Journal Storage) database. He had already returned the hard drives to JSTOR, which wanted to drop the case. Previously, in 2008, Swartz had written a similar program to download millions of federal judicial documents from PACER, America's Public Access to Court Electronic Records database, to make them freely accessible to the public. The US government investigated that case, but did not take him to court. As Lessig has written, Swartz never did anything to make money: he was "always and only working for (at least his conception of) the public good". He did make money as one of the co-owners of Reddit, the web's most popular bulletin board and discussion site, when it was taken over by the publisher Condé Nast in 2006. He hated office life and was soon fired, but he had enough to live on, until his funds were depleted by the costs of the JSTOR case. Swartz was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Robert Swartz, a software executive, and his wife Susan, a knitter, quilter and fibre artist. In an interview with Philipp Lenssen, he said: "I was around computers from birth; we had one of the first Macs, which came out shortly before I was born, and my Dad ran a company that wrote computer operating systems. I don't think I have any particular technical skills; I just got a really large head start." His father ran the Mark Williams Company, which sold Coherent, a Unix-like operating system, from 1980 to 1995. The company name derived from Robert Swartz's father. After working on RSS with Sir Tim Berners-Lee's World Wide Web Consortium and on the Creative Commons with Lessig, Swartz spent a year at Stanford University, before dropping out. Much more interesting things were happening in web start-ups, and he founded a company called Infogami. This was merged with Reddit, and Reddit was rewritten from the Lisp programming language into Python, using Swartz's web.py framework. The Condé Nast takeover made him rich but not happy. Reddit was relocated to Wired magazine's office in San Francisco. In a blog post in November 2006, Swartz wrote: "The first day I showed up here, I simply couldn't take it. By lunch time I had literally locked myself in a bathroom stall and started crying." Friends remember Swartz as, in Lessig's words, "brilliant, and funny. A kid genius. A soul, a conscience." He spoke confidently when he gave talks, some of which are available on YouTube. He had close friends and partners, and the support of a loving family. However, he also suffered from deep depressions, and sometimes posted his thoughts online. It was sometimes distressing reading. After his death, his mother commented on Hacker News: "Aaron has been depressed about his case/upcoming trial, but we had no idea what he was going through was this painful." Date of Birth: 19 September 1941, Milan, Italy. Birth Name: Maria Angela Melato Nicknames: Mariangela Melato Melato was born in Milan and studied at the Milan Theatre Academy. A striking, blonde actress, she began her stage career in the early 1960s and rose to fame after delivering powerful performances for a number of notable Italian stage directors such as Dario Fo, Luchino Visconti and Luca Ronconi. Her cinematic debut came in 1969 with Pupi Avati's Thomas e gli indemoniati and Melato would continue to deliver memorable performances in the 1970s and grew to become a highly respected leading lady of many acclaimed and award-winning Italian films. Her memorable early film roles include the school teacher in Nino Manfredi's comedy Between Miracles (1971) and the female leads in Elio Petri's The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1971) and Vittorio De Sica's Lo chiameremo Andrea (We'll Call Him Andrew, 1972). Melato received much praise for her role as Giancarlo Giannini's Milanese mistress in The Seduction of Mimi (1972), directed by Lina Wertmüller. This was to be the start of a very successful working relationship with Wertmüller, who also cast Melato and Giannini as the leads in her next film, Love and Anarchy (1973), in which Melato played an anarchic prostitute. The popular duo of Melato and Giannini were then paired in a third film by Wertmüller; Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August (1974). Melato's critically acclaimed comedic performance in this film as a spoiled, unsympathetic aristocrat is one of her most internationally known roles. For the remainder of the 1970s, Melato worked with some Europe's most renowned directors, including Claude Chabrol in Nada (1974), Elio Petri in Todo modo (1976) and Luigi Comencini in Il gatto (1978). She also worked on television; playing the role of Princess Bithiah, in the miniseries Moses the Lawgiver (1974), which was also released in a theatrical version. After attaining international success with many of her films, Melato attempted to make a career for herself in America as well. She played one of her most famous parts with a supporting role as villainess General Kala in Flash Gordon (1980). She also played the female lead opposite Ryan O'Neal in the comedy So Fine (1981). However, she failed to attain the same success that she had in Italy and quickly went back to her native country, where she went on to act in a number of comedies and dramas. She also reunited with Lina Wertmüller for the film Summer Night, with Greek Profile, Almond Eyes and Scent of Basil (1986) but gradually appeared in fewer films, and did more theatre roles, such as the lead in The Miracle Worker. Date of Birth: 3 October 1938, London, England, UK Birth Name: Peter Thomas Staheyeff Carson Nicknames: Peter Carson Peter Carson was editor-in-chief at Penguin from 1980 until 1998, and weathered the transition from a tradition-bound era in British publishing to the current age of more corporate and consumerist thinking. When Peter came to Britain from the US to head Penguin in 1978, the company was failing and dysfunctional, unsuccessful in economic terms and not in tune with what the public wanted to read. It soon became clear to me that the small Allen Lane hardcover unit that Peter then presided over he was also Penguin's history editor represented a view of publishing that accorded with my own. Before long, he was asked to head Penguin's general publishing. It was not easy for me to persuade him to accept the title of editor-in-chief. "I would prefer to just be called 'editor', " he said, "but I'll take on the larger role." he insisted that the job required the title. He then took a leading part in enacting the many changes that rapidly ensued in marketing, sales and publicity. By the early 1980s, Penguin's stature had recovered.For 20 years he was a behind the scenes adviser on issues ranging from industrial relations during James Callaghan's government to numerous company acquisitions. He supported the development of indigenous publishing in Penguin's overseas companies, which had previously almost entirely distributed British books; and trained Penguin India's first editor. Many issues that arose in his years were dramatically conflict-laden, such as the struggles involving Penguin's publication of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses and the historian David Irving's unsuccessful libel case. But more than most, Peter eschewed confrontation, and was a trusted confidant in difficult times. As Penguin's reach expanded around the world, the question sometimes came up of publishing in foreign languages. Peter was against this and did not do it (although Penguin now has). The increasing corporate dominance of Penguin thought that there was enough Anglo centric terrain for us to plant our feet in. Peter had other reasons. He loved the dominance of English and felt it should be more widely used, but should be used properly. The universal use of English, with the addition of more and more slang or foreign words, was not something he looked forward to. "French for the French," he would say, "they have a rather good language. English is what we do here at Penguin."The company's backlist interested him at least as much as the novelty of the new. When he saw some miniature Spanish books on a trip to Madrid, Peter proposed to publish pocket-sized Penguin 60s at 60p each to celebrate Penguin's 60th anniversary in 1995, he and his staff managed to produce a list for the series within three days. When these first 60 titles sold in the many millions, he had a list of a further 60 ready over a weekend. Peter's coolness extended to his negotiating style as staff often heard him on the phone offer for a book he had agreed to try and buy. He would say few words to the agent, but with considerable firmness and no emotion. peter only ever got upset with his own conservatism, when we failed to acquire Umberto. Peter was born in London, educated at Eton college, where his classics studies won him the Newcastle prize, and did his national service in the navy before going to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1959. His Russian mother, Tatiana, was a formidable presence and made certain that her son could speak her language. His Anglo Irish father, Joseph, had survived the Somme but died when Peter was nine, in the midst of a career both in the Foreign Office and as a barrister.It seems hard to believe, but Peter was not overly diligent about his studies, and after university seems to have greatly enjoyed his first job, escorting tourists on coach tours through Austria. In his first publishing post, with the general division at Longman, which he joined in 1963, he kept pubs in business and filled the premises with smoke.John Guest, a great Longman editor who in later years worked for Penguin, took him on and taught him the essentials of editing and publishing. Peter progressed quickly and moved to Penguin in 1972 when Pearson, which owned both Longman and Penguin, merged the general publishing lists. He came over from Longman with Eleo Gordon, whom he married in 1975 and who herself became a Penguin stalwart. Peter's interests ran from the most scholarly to many aspects of pop culture. Actually, he was interested in life itself what was going on today, what had happened yesterday and in centuries past. Historians such as Ian Kershaw, Simon Schama, Mary Beard, Robin Lane Fox and John Cornwell represent only the tip of the iceberg of authors Peter brought to prominence. While his primary interests were non-fiction, Peter was no stranger to fiction and loved reading mysteries, and before he left Penguin had acquired Zadie Smith's White Teeth. As with the best writers, the work of inspiring editors and publishers lasts much longer than their own lives. Publishing is well-populated by the people Peter hired or nurtured, among them Andrew Franklin, who went on to found Profile Books, and with whom Peter had a third act after he left Penguin in 1998. At Profile, where he remained until 2012, he was again permitted to express his individuality by commissioning major work by, among others, Rosamund Bartlett and Robert Irwin. Peter was not, in his mature years, particularly a person for the social side of publishing. He had his lunches and knew the best restaurants not necessarily the most posh and attended parties, but left early. At home Eleo created the order that made it possible for him to read virtually everything, travel widely with their daughter, Charlotte, especially to eastern Europe, and translate from the Russian for Penguin and Norton. Only a few days before he died, Peter was extremely happy to have completed a translation of Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich.	i don't know
Who designed Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones wedding dress	Wedding of Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones and Daniel Chatto \| Unofficial Royalty Wedding of Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones and Daniel Chatto Embed from Getty Images July 14, 1994 – Wedding of Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, daughter of Princess Margaret, and Daniel Chatto, at St. Stephen Walbrook, London The bride and groom met on a movie set. He was an actor and she was a wardrobe assistant. He was the son of an actor and a theatrical agent. She was the daughter of a princess and the granddaughter of a king. He played a prince (one of her cousins) in a film. Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Armstrong-Jones was born on May 1, 1964 at Kensington Palace in London, England. Her parents were Princess Margaret , younger daughter of King George VI, and Antony Armstrong-Jones . Her father was created Earl of Snowdon and Viscount Linley on October 6, 1961, so Sarah is entitled to the courtesy title Lady Sarah. Sarah has an older brother, David , who uses his father’s secondary title Viscount Linley as a courtesy title. Sarah and her brother attended Bedales School where Sarah developed an interest in art. Her interest in art led her to attend Camberwell College of Arts followed by coursework in Printed Textiles at Middlesex Polytechnic, before completing her studies at Royal Academy Schools where she won the Winsor & Newton Prize for emerging artists in painting and drawing in 1988 and the Creswick Landscape Prize in 1990. Daniel Chatto St. George Sproule was born on April 22, 1957 at the Princess Beatrice Hospital in Richmond, London, England. His father was actor Thomas Chatto Sproule (stage name Thomas Chatto) and had a career in television, commercials and on the stage. His mother was the theatrical agent Ros Chatto, born Rosalind Thompson. Daniel studied English at Oxford University and graduated in 1979. In 1987, Daniel’s name was legally changed to Daniel St. George Chatto. With both of his parents in show business, it was not unusual for Daniel to try his hand at acting. One of his roles was as Prince Andrew in an American TV movie Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story. His acting career lasted from 1981-1988. See his filmography at http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0154192/ In 1983, Daniel had a small role in the film Heat and Dust which was filmed in India. Sarah was working on the film as an uncredited wardrobe assistant and it was on the film set that the couple first met. Wikipedia: Heat and Dust (film) Sarah and Daniel’s romance blossomed in 1986, three years after their first meeting, and the two were often spotted going to the theater or art galleries. By 1989, Daniel had given up acting for art, and had his own successful show at the Cadogan gallery in 1992. The two took painting trips together and shared a love of books and travel. The couple’s wedding on July 14, 1994 was a small, low-key affair at St. Stephen’s Walbrook, a small 17th-century church in London built by Sir Christopher Wren. The church was chosen by Sarah and Daniel because they wanted a romantic and intimate place to get married. There was seating for only 200 people, and children were not invited due to the dimensions of the church. The bride choose not to use a royal carriage, red carpet, or have bells ringing. Daniel was so worried about being punctual that he arrived at the church 90 minutes before the beginning of ceremony. Sarah arrived with her father Lord Snowdon, and her three bridesmaids: her half sister Lady Frances Armstrong-Jones, her cousin Zara Philips and her friend Tara Noble Singh. The bride’s arrival was almost overshadowed by the arrival of the bride’s more recognizable relatives, the Prince and Princess of Wales, who were appearing at the same place, although not together, for the first time since Prince Charles’s admission of adultery the previous month. The bride’s and bridesmaids’ dresses were designed by Jasper Conran . Many consider Sarah’s dress to be one of the most beautiful royal wedding dresses. The dress was made with yards of draped white georgette fabric with a ruched bodice and a three meter train. The bridesmaids’ dresses were nearly identical. Sarah’s veil was held in place with the Snowdon Floral Tiara, a gift to Princess Margaret from her husband for their wedding. To enhance the floral effect, some greenery was added amongst the diamond flowers. Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones and her bridesmaids, Photo Credit – royaldish.com Lady Sarah wearing the Snowdon Floral Tiara, Photo Credit – orderofsplendor.blogspot.com As the bride entered the church, the hymn “Ye Holy Angels Bright” was sung. The ceremony was adapted from the “Book of Common Prayer” of 1928. Other hymns sung during the ceremony were were “Jesus Shall Reign Where’er The Sun” and “Alleluia! Sing to Jesus.” After their marriage vows, the couple exchanged simple gold rings. The ceremony took only 30 minutes and the newlyweds caught everyone by surprise when they left the church unannounced. Even the driver was not at his place which made the couple laugh while they waited for the car. After the ceremony, there was a reception at Clarence House which the Princess of Wales did not attend. The couple spent their honeymoon in India, which was where they first met. Photo Credit – orderofsplendor.blogspot.com The couple has two children: Samuel David Benedict Chatto born July 28, 1996 in London, England and Arthur Robert Nathaniel Chatto born February 5, 1999 in London, England. Queen Elizabeth II stays in close contact with both of her sister’s children and their families are invited to royal functions and usually spend Christmas at Sandringham. Queen Elizabeth appointed Arthur Chatto and his cousin Charles Armstrong-Jones, both grandsons of Princess Margaret, to be Pages of Honor . Sarah and Daniel both still pursue their careers as painters and their work can be seen at the websites of the galleries that represent them:	Jasper Conran
What was the name of Vinnie Jones character in Lock Stock And Two Smoking Barrels	Lady Sarah Chatto Pictures Lady Sarah Chatto Pictures The only daughter and second child of the late Princess Margaret, (younger daughter of King George... Sarah and Daniel Chatto have two children who are sixteenth and seventeenth respectively in the line... Lady Sarah Chatto was the principal guest at the ceremony [PA] It has been a great honour to be the... Source: FlynetPictures.com The British Royal Family Arriving At Christmas Church Services 2008-12-25... Image 1 of 3 Jasper Conran designed Lady Sarah Chatto's wedding dress 7:00AM GMT 09 Jan 2011 Margarets daughter Lady Sarah Chatto shimmers in sequins Surrounded by her family and dearest... Princess Margaret's children, Viscount Linley (centre) and Sarah Chatto, were among the mourners Lord Linley and Lady Sarah Chatto were among the principle mourners Others included Princess... A crowd of several thousand people gathered outside the castle Леди Сара Чатто, дочь принцессы Маргарет Возраст: 36 лет Очередь наследования: 14-я Заработок:... Susan Morgan: Thought Margaret was very glamorous The Woodley family from Chiseldon, Wiltshire, had... ABI 1062 Rhodes Millin , Sarah Gertrude Chatto & Windus . London. First 1933. Hardcover. No Dj....	i don't know
Oscar winning Welsh actor born Reginald Truscott Jones became famous using which stage name	IMDb: Most Popular People Born In "Wales/ UK" Most Popular People Born In "Wales/ UK" 1-50 of 1,322 names. Sort by: STARmeter▲ \| A-Z \| Height \| Birth Date \| Death Date 1. Michael Sheen Actor, Kingdom of Heaven Even though he had burned up the London stage for nearly a decade--and appeared in several films--Michael Sheen was not really "discovered" by American audiences until his critically-acclaimed turn as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the 1999 Broadway revival of "Amadeus". Sheen was born in Newport, Wales, the only son of Irene (Thomas) and Meyrick Sheen... 2. Spencer Wilding Actor, Guardians of the Galaxy Spencer Wilding is a Welsh actor and special creature performer in the UK. He is best known for his interpretation of strong and imposing characters, often using prosthetics and makeup. He has appeared in films and series like Doctor Who, Game of Thrones, the saga Harry Potter, Wrath of the Titans (2012), Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), and Victor Frankenstein (2015)... 3. Christian Bale Actor, The Dark Knight Christian Charles Philip Bale was born in Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK on January 30, 1974, to English parents Jennifer "Jenny" (James) and David Charles Howard Bale. His mother was a circus performer and his father, who was born in South Africa, was a commercial pilot. The family lived in different countries throughout Bale's childhood... 4. Anthony Hopkins Actor, Hannibal Anthony Hopkins was born on December 31, 1937, in Margam, Wales, to Muriel Anne (Yeats) and Richard Arthur Hopkins, a baker. His parents were both of half Welsh and half English descent. Influenced by Richard Burton , he decided to study at College of Music and Drama and graduated in 1957. In 1965, he moved to London and joined the National Theatre... 5. Luke Evans Actor, Dracula Untold Luke George Evans was born in Pontypool, Wales, and grew up in Aberbargoed, in the south of Wales. He is the son of Yvonne (Lewis) and David Evans. He moved to Cardiff at the age 17. He then won a scholarship to the London Studio Centre, and graduated in 2000. He starred in many of London's West End theatre productions... 6. Catherine Zeta-Jones Actress, Chicago Catherine Zeta-Jones was born September 25, 1969 in Swansea, West Glamorgan, Wales, UK. She is the daughter of Patricia (Fair) and David James "Dai" Jones, who formerly owned a candy factory. Her father is of Welsh descent and her mother is of English, Irish, and Welsh ancestry. Her brothers are David Jones (born 1967)... 7. Joanna Page Actress, Love Actually 9. John Rhys-Davies Actor, Raiders of the Lost Ark Acclaimed Welsh actor John Rhys-Davies was born in Ammanford, Carmarthenshire, Wales, to Mary Margaretta Phyllis (Jones), a nurse, and Rhys Davies, a mechanical engineer and Colonial Officer. He graduated from the University of East Anglia and is probably best known to film audiences for his roles in the blockbuster hits Raiders of the Lost Ark and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ... 10. Roger Rees Actor, The Prestige Like a number of British actors of the same generation ( John Hurt and Alan Rickman , to name two), Roger Rees originally trained for the visual arts. He was born on May 5 1944 in Aberystwyth, Wales, and acted in church and Boy Scouts stage productions while growing up in South London, but studied painting and lithography at the Slade School of Art... 11. Rhys Ifans Actor, The Amazing Spider-Man Rhys Ifans was born and raised in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales, the son of teacher parents, Beti Wyn (Davies) and Eirwyn Evans. He was educated in two Welsh language schools - Ysgol Pentrecelyn, where his mother taught, and Ysgol Maes Garmon. During his childhood, Ifans showed an interest in performing and attended youth acting school... 12. Joseph Morgan Actor, The Originals Morgan was born in London, UK and spent his childhood with his family in Swansea, Wales, where he attended Morriston Comprehensive School before moving back to London in his late teens to study acting at the Central School of Speech and Drama. Upon graduation from Central School, Morgan was hired by... 13. Timothy Dalton Actor, The Living Daylights At a consistently lean 6' 2", green-eyed Timothy Dalton may very well be one of the last of the dying breed of swashbuckling, classically trained Shakespearean actors who have forged simultaneous successful careers in theater, television and film. He has been comparison-shopped roundly for stepping into roles played by other actors... 14. Ioan Gruffudd Actor, Fantastic Four Ioan Gruffudd was born on October 6, 1973 in Cardiff, Wales, UK to educators Gillian (James) and Peter Gruffudd. He has a brother, Alun, who is two years younger and a sister, Siwan, who is seven years younger. He got got his start at age 13 in the Welsh soap opera People of the Valley . He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1992 to 1995... 15. Craig Roberts Actor, Submarine 17. Iwan Rheon Actor, Game of Thrones Iwan Rheon (born 13 May 1985) is a Welsh actor, singer and musician, best known for portraying Ramsay Bolton in the HBO series Game of Thrones, Simon Bellamy in the E4 series Misfits and Ash Weston in the ITV sitcom Vicious. Rheon was born in Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire. When he was five years old... 18. Bernard Fox Actor, Titanic Endearing, bushy-whiskered Welsh character actor whose screen repertoire seemed to consist for the better part of variations on a similar theme, namely stereotypical stiff-upper-lip or bumbling British gents. The son of an actress and an actor-manager and on stage from early childhood, Fox began his career in repertory theatre... 19. Jessica Sula Actress, Split 30. Matt Ryan Actor, Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag Ryan was born in Swansea, the son of Steve (a postman turned record producer) and Maria Evans, a dance teacher. He attended schools in Penyrheol before moving on to Gorseinon College, where he completed a BTEC Performing Arts course. He graduated from the Bristol Old Vic in 2003 and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2004... 31. Aimee-Ffion Edwards Actress, Queen & Country 32. Ian Whyte Actor, Prometheus Ian Whyte was born in Bangor, North Wales and brought up in Brighton. He received athletic scholarships to Iona College in New York and Clarion University in Pennsylvania as a basketball player and later distinguished himself with 80 caps for England over a nine year international basketball career... 33. Ray Milland Actor, Dial M for Murder Ray Milland became one of Paramount's most bankable and durable stars, under contract from 1934 to 1948, yet little in his early life suggested a career as a motion picture actor. Milland was born Alfred Reginald Jones in the Welsh town of Neath, Glamorgan, to Elizabeth Annie (Truscott) and Alfred Jones... 34. Eve Myles Actress, Torchwood 35. Ruth Jones Actress, Gavin & Stacey Born in Bridgend, South Wales. Attended Porthcawl Comprehensive School. Trained at Warwick University (BA in Drama and Theatre Studies) then actor training at Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. Television includes Fat Friends series I, II,III,IV, Tales from Pleasure Beach for BBC1, Human Remains for BBC2... 36. Andrew Howard Actor, Limitless Born in Cardiff, Wales, and living in Los Angeles, Andrew Howard is known mostly for his turn as Gennady in Limitless and Bad Frank Philips in Hatfields and McCoys. Stage roles included Alex DeLarge in A Clockwork Orange, Peer Gynt in Peer Gynt, Orestes in Electra at theatres, including The Royal National Theatre (London) and The Donmar Warehouse (London)... 37. Deddie Davies Actress, Pride 38. Owain Yeoman Actor, The Belko Experiment Owain Sebastian Yeoman is a Welsh actor born in Oxford, UK to parents Michael and Hilary Yeoman. He has one sister Ailsa. An honors English graduate of Brasenose College (1996-99), Oxford University Owain also graduated from the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA) in London with the distinction... 39. Alexandra Roach Actress, The Iron Lady Alexandra Roach was born in Ammanford, Carmarthenshire in Wales and was already a veteran of the Welsh television soap 'Pobol Y Cwm' by her early teens. In 2003 whilst studying for her GCSE exams at the local comprehensive school she learned that she had beaten out players in national soaps to win the award for the best juvenile actor in a soap at the Children in Entertainment Awards... 40. Dino Fetscher Actor, Paranoid 41. Paul Rhys Actor, Chaplin Paul Rhys was born on 19 December 1963 in Neath, Wales. He has said that seeing the 1977 film Saturday Night Fever was what first got him interested in becoming an actor. During his time at RADA Rhys was cast as Dean Sharp in Julien Temple's 1986 film Absolute Beginners. In the early 1990s he played... 42. Honeysuckle Weeks Actress, Foyle's War 44. Amy Beth Hayes Actress, Mr Selfridge Amy Beth Hayes was born in Wales and grew up in the North-East of England. As a teenager she was a member of the National Youth Theatre. Amy read English Literature at Keble College, University of Oxford, where she was an active member of OUDS (Oxford University Dramatic Society). After graduating with honours from Oxford she studied acting at London's Central School of Speech and Drama. 45. Richard Marquand Director, Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi 46. Sophie Dee Actress, Sadistic Eroticism Born in Llanelli, South Wales, Sophie Dee moved to England to attend. school. Later she moved back to Wales to finish secondary school. Upon graduation she held a variety of jobs, ranging from working in a café to door-to-door saleswoman. She eventually became a dancer, specializing in lap dances. This led to her being offered a job as a nude model for the UK newspaper Daily Sport... 47.	Ray Milland
What was the name of the Illinois express on which Casey Jones lost his life in 1900	English-Latin translation :: Reginald :: Dictionary The definition of word "Reginald": 1. male first name 2. born November 23, 1884, Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, Eng. died September 5, 1979, London; British-born United States playwright and librettist. The son of American parents, Bolton studied architecture before he began writing plays. His first play appeared on Broadway in 1911, but it was not until he began contributing to Broadway musicals that his fame spread. In collaboration with P.G. Wodehouse and others, he wrote dozens of scripts scored by composers such as Jerome Kern (Oh, Boy!, 1917), George Gershwin (Lady, Be Good!, 1924; Girl Crazy, 1930) and Cole Porter (Anything Goes, 1934). 3. born November 22, 1930, Bury Saint Edmonds, Suffolk, Eng. British theatre, opera and film director. After producing and acting in plays at Cambridge University, he entered the professional theatre. At London's Arts Theatre (1955–56) he staged London premieres of important continental plays. Especially renowned for his Shakespearean productions, he was managing director of the Royal Shakespeare Co. (1962–68) and continued to direct plays for it long afterward. He succeeded Laurence Olivier as managing director of London's National Theatre (1973–88). He formed his own theatrical production company in 1988 and also directed operas and several films. 4. orig. Reginald Carey Harrison; born March 5, 1908, Huyton, Lancashire, Eng. died June 2, 1990, New York, New York, United States British actor. He made his debut in films and on the London stage in 1930, later appearing in successful plays such as French Without Tears (1936). After World War II he returned to the screen as a suave leading man in films such as Blithe Spirit (1945) and Notorious Gentleman (1945). He made his United States film debut in Anna and the King of Siam (1946). His most famous role, as Prof. Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady (1956, Tony Award), won him equal acclaim in its film version (1964, Academy Award). He was an impressive Julius Caesar in Cleopatra (1963). 5. in full Reginald Martinez Jackson; born May 18, 1946, Wyncote, Pa., United States U.S. baseball player. Jackson excelled in track, football and baseball in high school. In the major leagues, batting and throwing left-handed and playing outfield, he helped three teams (Oakland Athletics, 1968–75; New York Yankees, 1976–81; California Angels, 1982–87) win five World Series, six pennant races and 10 divisional play-offs. Noted for his home-run hitting, he was nicknamed "Mr. October" for his reliable prowess in play-off and World Series games. He hit a career total of 563 home runs, placing him in the top ten of all-time home-run hitters. 6. orig. Reginald Kenneth Dwight; born March 25, 1947, Pinner, Middlesex, Eng. British rock singer, pianist and songwriter. He played piano by ear as a child, winning a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music at age 11. In the late 1960s he began a successful partnership with lyricist Bernie Taupin (b. 1950) that would produce hit albums such as Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973) and songs such as "Rocket Man," "Bennie and the Jets," and "Philadelphia Freedom." The two returned with more hits in the early 1980s, including "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues." In 1997 John performed a new version of "Candle in the Wind" (1973) at the funeral of his friend Diana, princess of Wales; his recording immediately became the best-selling single of all time. 7. orig. Reginald Kenneth Dwight; born March 25, 1947, Pinner, Middlesex, Eng. British rock singer, pianist and songwriter. He played piano by ear as a child, winning a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music at age 11. In the late 1960s he began a successful partnership with lyricist Bernie Taupin (b. 1950) that would produce hit albums such as Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973) and songs such as "Rocket Man," "Bennie and the Jets," and "Philadelphia Freedom." The two returned with more hits in the early 1980s, including "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues." In 1997 John performed a new version of "Candle in the Wind" (1973) at the funeral of his friend Diana, princess of Wales; his recording immediately became the best-selling single of all time. 8. born March 14, 1898, Paris, France; died July 3, 1954, Bennington, Vt., United States U.S. painter and printmaker. Born to American parents in Paris and educated at Yale University, from 1922 to 1925 he produced a daily column of drawings of vaudeville acts for the New York Daily News. In 1925 he became an original member of the staff of The New Yorker magazine, for which he drew humorous illustrations and metropolitan scenes. In 1929 he began painting scenes of city life, including Coney Island crowds and Bowery derelicts. He taught at the Art Students League from 1934 until his death. 9. orig. Reginald Truscott-Jones; born January 3, 1907, Neath, Glamorganshire, Wales; died March 10, 1986, Torrance, Calif., United States Welsh-born United States actor. He made his film debut in 1929 and moved to Hollywood in 1930. The debonair romantic leading man in many movies of the 1930s and '40s, he won acclaim for his performance as an alcoholic writer in The Lost Weekend (1945, Academy Award) and also played dramatic parts in The Big Clock (1948), Something to Live For (1952) and Dial M for Murder (1954). In his later years, he generally only played minor roles. He also directed several movies in the 1950s and early '60s. 10. born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng. died November 17, 1558, London; English Catholic prelate. A cousin of Henry VII, Pole was sent by Henry VIII to study in Italy (1521–27) and given minor offices in the church. Critical of Henry's antipapal policies, he wrote In Defense of Ecclesiastical Unity (1536) to defend the pope's spiritual authority. As cardinal, he was sent by Pope Paul III on missions to persuade Catholic monarchs to depose Henry. These efforts angered Henry, who executed Pole's brother, Lord Montague (1538) and his mother, Margaret, countess of Salisbury (1541). Pole was named papal governor of the Patrimony of St. Peter and later was presiding legate at the Council of Trent. When the Catholic Mary Tudor became queen as Mary I in 1553, he was appointed legate for England; there he instituted church reforms and was a strong influence on the queen. He was appointed archbishop of Canterbury (1556), but a conflict between the papacy and England's ally Spain caused the pope to cancel Pole's authority and declare him a heretic. Demoralized, he died 12 hours after the death of Queen Mary. 11. born June 20, 1875, Tonbridge, Kent, Eng. died January 3, 1967, Bilbrook, Somerset; British geneticist. Through contact with William Bateson he came to support the theories of Gregor Mendel and in 1905 he published the first textbook on Mendelian genetics. Using poultry and sweet peas, Punnett and Bateson discovered some of the fundamental processes of Mendelian genetics, including linkage, sex determination, sex linkage and the first example of nonsexual chromosome linkage. Punnett demonstrated the value of using sex-linked plumage-colour factors to distinguish male from female chickens, making possible early identification of the less valuable males, a process now known as autosexing. 12. born January 17, 1881, Birmingham, Warwick, Eng. died October 24, 1955, London; British social anthropologist. He taught at the universities of Cape Town, Sydney, Chicago and Oxford. In his version of functionalism, he viewed the component parts of society (e.g., the kinship system, the legal system) as having an indispensable function for one another, the continued existence of one component being dependent on that of the other and he developed a systematic framework of concepts relating to the social structures of small-scale societies. He had a profound impact on British and American social anthropology. Among his major works are The Andaman Islanders (1922) and Structure and Function in Primitive Society (1952). 13. Bolton Guy Reginald	i don't know
When Ann Jones, of Britain, won the Wimbledon Ladies singles in 1969, who did she beat in the final	Whatever happened to 1969 Wimbledon champion Ann Jones \| Tennis \| Sport \| Daily Express TENNIS Whatever happened to 1969 Wimbledon champion Ann Jones BRITISH tennis star Ann Jones spent 13 years ranked in the World Top 10 and won three Grand Slam singles titles including Wimbledon in 1969. She then became a commentator and worked for tennis organisations. Now 74, Ann has three children by her husband Pip, who died 20 years ago. 14:17, Sat, Jun 22, 2013 Former Wimbledon champion, Ann Jones, no longer plays tennis "I was born in 1938, in Kings Heath, Birmingham, where I've always lived. My dad, Adrian Haydon, worked for motorbike and paint companies and my mum, Doris, helped out in the family printing business. Both represented England at table tennis. I started playing that at a very early age and took part in five world championships in the 1950s. "I took my table tennis skills onto the tennis court and won junior titles, notably the 1956 Girls' Singles at Wimbledon. I then won the French Open in 1961 and 1966. "In 1967 at Wimbledon and the US Open I lost the final to Billie Jean King when I should have beaten her. I soon realised Billie Jean wasn't any better than I was – I had to stand up to her physically and mentally. "When I got on top in the final set of the 1969 final I knew I'd beaten her. I was told that Roger Moore watched the match in between filming The Saint. With my £1,500 prize money I bought a watch which I still have. Then being voted BBC Sports Personality Of Te Year was a very nice surprise. "I knew winning Wimbledon at 30 years old was the pinnacle of my career. I began to think, 'What else is there?' I wanted to start a family so I reduced my schedule from 1970. I don't think the Wimbledon organisers were pleased when I didn't defend my title. "I was nervous working as a commentator but I must have been adequate because the BBC stuck with me. I'd married Pip Jones in 1962 and when our children were born – Pippa, Michael and Christopher – it felt as good as winning Wimbledon. I soon realised Billie Jean wasn't any better than I was – I had to stand up to her physically and mentally Ann Jones "In the late 1970s I became chairperson of the Women's International Tennis Council and then I worked for the Women's Tennis Association and The Lawn Tennis Association. I'm now on the Wimbledon committee and president of The Warwickshire Lawn Tennis Association. I've always been low–key. I don't get recognised much. Letters addressed to 'Ann Jones, Birmingham' still reach me, though. "I've had my current detached home for five years. When I moved I gave most of my career memorabilia to Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum. "My husband, who was 31 years older than me, died in 1993. I see a lot of my children and grandchildren and I enjoy my life. I swim but I no longer play tennis as I don't move well and the court feels too big. I sometimes think I could play table tennis again, though." Related articles	Billie Jean King
In the Tommy Lee Jones film The Hunted who recited the first verse of Bob Dylan's Highway 61 during the opening credits	Nell Robinson - Telegraph Obituaries Nell Robinson Nell Robinson, who has died aged 66, was, as Nell Truman, one of Britain’s leading women tennis players in the late 1960s and early Seventies, and a younger sister of the even better-known Christine Truman. Nell Truman in action at the Hurlingham Club Photo: PA 6:35PM BST 12 Apr 2012 The Sixties was something of a golden age for British women’s tennis, with Angela Mortimer taking the Wimbledon ladies’ singles title in 1961 — beating Nell’s sister Christine in the final in the three sets — and Ann Jones defeating the great Billie Jean King in the final of 1969. Nell Truman never quite scaled these heights. A naturally gifted player with quick reactions, she was best known as a doubles player — but she did reach the last 16 of the 1969 ladies’ singles at Wimbledon . Having shown herself an outstanding player as an undergraduate at Oxford, she won a gold medal at the World Student Games in Tokyo in 1967 . In partnership with Christine, she reached the quarter-finals of the ladies’ doubles at Wimbledon in 1965 and 1969. In 1971, with the Scottish player Winnie Shaw, Nell Truman reached the French Open Doubles final, where they lost to Billie Jean King and Betty Stove. In the previous year , with Roger Taylor, Nell had progressed to the semi-finals of the mixed doubles at the US Open. She played in five Wightman Cups (the ladies’ competition contested by the United States and Great Britain, and usually won by the Americans) between 1965 and 1972. In 1968 she was partnering Christine in the doubles in the final rubber, with the match tied at three all. It was Nell who hit the winning shot to give the British team a narrow victory — their first triumph in the Wightman Cup since 1960. In the early Seventies Nell Truman joined the Virginia Slims tennis circuit in the United States, the tour established by Billie Jean King and other female professional players to rectify the imbalance between men’s and women’s prize money in the game. Her last appearance at Wimbledon was in 1972, and on October 7 that year she married Christopher Robinson, a partner at the leading London law firm Norton Rose. She happily swapped her professional tennis career for full-time motherhood, and by the time of the 1973 Wimbledon Championships she was expecting the first of her four children. Frances Ellen Truman (always known as Nell) was born on December 12 1945 at Loughton, Essex. Her father, Stanley, was a senior partner at a London accountancy firm , and she was the youngest of six children, most of whom would excel at tennis: Elizabeth became captain of Lancashire; Humphrey represented England at both tennis and squash, played at several Wimbledons and was RAF tennis champion; Isabel competed at Junior Wimbledon; and Christine, of course, became a Wimbledon finalist and, in 1959, French Open champion. Nell was brought up at Woodford Green in Essex and educated at Queen Anne’s School, Caversham, near Reading, and at St Anne’s College, Oxford, where she read Geography and was awarded Blues for tennis and squash. As captain of the university’s ladies’ team, she was considered the equal of any man on the Oxford courts. At that time it was unusual for a female undergraduate to compete at any sport at the highest level, and Nell, not wishing to advertise her sporting prowess, often resorted to jogging very early in the morning to avoid being seen taking exercise. After starting her married life in London, Nell and her husband moved to north Essex, where they lived for the rest of their married life. She was a governor of Dame Bradbury’s School, Saffron Walden, serving as chairman for six years, and ladies’ captain of Royal Worlington and Newmarket Golf Club in 2007. She enjoyed skiing and bridge, and was a devoted and creative gardener. Nell Truman had suffered a series of strokes, and died at Addenbrooke’s hospital in Cambridge. She is survived by her husband and by their son and three daughters. Nell Robinson, born December 12 1945, died April 8 2012	i don't know
What position was held by Sir Francis Graham Smith 1982-1990	Optics and Photonics : F. Graham Smith : 9780470017838 Applied Optics About F. Graham Smith Sir Francis Graham Smith. Old School House, Henbury, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9PH, UK Now retired, Graham Smith has had a distinguished career in radio astronomy having held the post of Astronomer Royal 1982 - 1990, and most recently was Langworthy Professor of Physics at Manchester University. Professor Terry King. School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK Currently head of the Laser Photonics Group, Terry King has many years experience in research, teaching and consultancy. Professor Daniel Wilkins. Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182-0266, USA Dan Wilkins holds the Milo Bail Chair of Physics at Nebraska and has taught optics and a wide variety of undergraduate courses for many years. His main research focus is general relativity theory. show more Back cover copy The second edition of this successful textbook provides a clear, well-written introduction to both the fundamental principles of optics and the key aspects of photonics to show how the subject has developed in the last few decades, leading to many modern applications. The book thus provides a complete undergraduate course on optics in a single integrated text. The new edition has been completely updated and specific important changes include: New material on modern optics and photonics. A rearrangement of chapters to give a logical progression comprising groups of chapters on geometric optics, wave optics and photonics. Many more worked examples and problems. In addition, substantial revisions have been made to chapters on holography, lasers and the interaction of light with matter. For this edition Smith and King have been joined by a new co-author, Professor Dan Wilkins from the University of Nebraska at Omaha, who has many years experience of teaching optics courses. This balanced, practical, modern introduction to optics and photonics and will prove invaluable to students taking optics courses within science and engineering. show more Table of contents PREFACE. 1. LIGHT AS WAVES, RAYS AND PHOTONS. The nature of light. Waves and rays. Total internal reflection. The light wave. Electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic spectrum. Stimulated emission: the laser. Photons and material particles. 2. GEOMETRIC OPTICS. The thin prism: the ray approach and the wavefront approach. The lens as an assembly of prisms. Refraction at a spherical surface. Two surfaces; the simple lens. Imaging in spherical mirrors. General properties of imaging systems. Separated thin lenses in air. Ray tracing by matrices. Locating the cardinal points: position of a nodal point, focal point, principal point, focal length, the other cardinal points. Perfect imaging. Perfect imaging of surfaces. Ray and wave aberrations. Wave aberration on-axis - spherical aberration. Off-axis aberrations. The influence of aperture stops. The correction of chromatic aberration. Achromatism in separated lens systems. Adaptive optics. 3. OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. The human eye. The simple lens magnifier. The compound microscope. The confocal scanning microscope. Resolving power; conventional and near-field microscopes. The telescope. Advantages of the various types of telescope. Binoculars. The camera. Illumination in optical instruments. 4. PERIODIC AND NON-PERIODIC WAVES. Simple harmonic waves. Positive and negative frequencies. Standing waves. Beats between oscillators. Similarities between beats and standing wave patterns. Standing waves at a reflector. The Doppler effect. Doppler radar. Astronomical aberration. Fourier series. Modulated waves: Fourier transforms. Modulation by a non-periodic function. Convolution. Delta and grating functions. Autocorrelation and the power spectrum. Wave groups. An angular spread of plane waves. 5. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. Maxwell's equations. Transverse waves. Reflection and transmission: Fresnel's equations. Total internal reflection: evanescent waves. Energy flow. Photon momentum and radiation pressure. Blackbody radiation. 6. FIBRE AND WAVEGUIDE OPTICS. The light pipe. Guided waves. The slab dielectric guide. Evanescent fields in fibre optics. Cylindrical fibres and waveguides. Numerical aperture. Materials for optical fibres. Dispersion in optical fibres. Dispersion compensation. Modulation and communications. Fibre optical components. Hole-array light guide; photonic crystal fibres. Optical fibre sensors. Fabrication of optical fibres. 7. POLARIZATION OF LIGHT. Polarization of transverse waves. Analysis of elliptically polarized waves. Polarizers. Liquid crystal displays. Birefringence in anisotropic media. Birefringent polarizers. Generalizing Snell's law for anisotropic materials. Quarter- and half-wave plates. Optical activity. Formal descriptions of polarization. Induced birefringence. 8. INTERFERENCE. Interference. Young's experiment. Newton's rings. Interference effects with a plane-parallel plate. Thin films. Michelson's spectral interferometer. Multiple beam interference. The Fabry-Perot interferometer. Interference filters. 9. INTERFEROMETRY: LENGTH, ANGLE AND ROTATION. The Rayleigh interferometer. Wedge fringes and end gauges. The Twyman and Green interferometer. The standard of length. The Michelson-Morley experiment. Detecting gravitational waves by interferometry. The Sagnac ring interferometer. Optical fibres in interferometers. The ring laser gyroscope. Measuring angular width. The effect of slit width. Source size and coherence. Michelson's stellar interferometer. Very long baseline interferometry. The intensity interferometer. 10. DIFFRACTION. Diffraction at a single slit. The general aperture. Rectangular and circular apertures: uniformly illuminated single slit: two infinitesimally narrow slits: two slits with finite width: uniformly illuminated rectangular aperture: uniformly illuminated circular aperture. Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction. Shadow edges - Fresnel diffraction at a straight edge. Diffraction of cylindrical wavefronts. Fresnel diffraction by slits and strip obstacles. Spherical waves and circular apertures: half-period zones. Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Babinet's principle. The field at the edge of an aperture. 11. THE DIFFRACTION GRATING AND ITS APPLICATIONS. The diffraction grating. Diffraction pattern of the grating. The effect of slit width and shape. Fourier transforms in grating theory. Missing orders and blazed gratings. Making gratings. Concave gratings. Blazed, echellette, echelle and echelon gratings. Radio antenna arrays: end-fire array shooting equally in both directions: end-fire array shooting in only one direction: the broadside array: two-dimensional broadside arrays. X-ray diffraction with a ruled grating. Diffraction by a crystal lattice. The Talbot effect. 12. SPECTRA AND SPECTROMETRY. Spectral lines. Linewidth and lineshape. The prism spectrometer. The grating spectrometer. Resolution and resolving power. Resolving power: the prism spectrometer. Resolving power: grating spectrometers. The Fabry-Pe-rot spectrometer. Twin beam spectrometry; Fourier transform spectrometry. Irradiance fluctuation, or photon-counting spectrometry. Scattered laser light. 13. COHERENCE AND CORRELATION. Temporal and spatial coherence. Correlation as a measure of coherence. Temporal coherence of a wavetrain. Fluctuations in irradiance. The van Cittert-Zernike theorem. Autocorrelation and coherence. Two-dimensional angular resolution. Irradiance fluctuations: the intensity interferometer. Spatial filtering. 14. HOLOGRAPHY. Reconstructing a plane wave. Gabor's original method. Basic holography analysis. Holographic recording: off-axis holography. Aspect effects. Types of hologram. Holography in colour. The rainbow hologram. Holography of moving objects. Holographic interferometry. Holographic optical elements. Holographic data storage. 15. LASERS. Stimulated emission. Pumping: the energy source. Absorption and emission of radiation. Laser gain. Population inversion. Threshold gain coefficient. Laser resonators. Beam irradiance and divergence. Examples of important laser systems: gas lasers, solid state lasers, liquid lasers. 16. LASER LIGHT. Laser linewidth. Spatial coherence: laser speckle. Temporal coherence and coherence length. Laser pulse duration: Q-switching, mode-locking. Laser radiance. Focusing laser light. Photon momentum: optical tweezers and trapping; optical tweezers; laser cooling. Non-linear optics. 17. SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS. Semiconductors. Semiconductor diodes. LEDs and semiconductor lasers; heterojunction lasers. Semiconductor laser cavities. Wavelengths and tuning of semiconductor lasers. Modulation. Organic semiconductor LEDs and lasers. 18. SOURCES OF LIGHT. Classical radiation processes: radiation from an accelerated charge; the Hertzian dipole. Free-free radiation. Cyclotron and synchrotron radiation. Free electron lasers. Cerenkov radiation. The formation of spectral lines: the Bohr model; nuclear mass; quantum mechanics; angular momentum and electron spin. Light from the Sun and Stars. Thermal sources. Fluorescent lights. Luminescence sources. Electroluminescence. 19. INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH MATTER. The classical resonator. Rayleigh scattering. Polarization and refractive index in dielectrics. Free electrons. Faraday rotation in a plasma. Resonant atoms in gases. The refractive index of dense gases, liquids and solids. Anisotropic refraction. Brillouin scattering. Raman scattering. Thomson and Compton scattering by electrons. A summary of scattering processes. 20. THE DETECTION OF LIGHT. Photoemissive detectors. Semiconductor detectors. Semiconductor junction photodiodes. Imaging detectors. Noise in photodetectors. Image intensifiers. Photography. Thermal detectors. 21. OPTICS AND PHOTONICS IN NATURE. Light and colour in the open air. The development of eyes. Corneal and lens focusing. Compound eyes. Reflection optics. Fluorescence and photonics in a butterfly. Biological light detectors. Photosynthesis. Appendix 1: Answers to Selected Problems. Appendix 2: Radiometry and Photometry. Appendix 3: Refractive Indices of Common Materials. Appendix 4: Spectral Lineshapes and Linewidths. Appendix 5: Further Reading. INDEX. show more Follow us	Astronomer Royal
Who played the title role in the film Nevada Smith	Optics And Photonics: An Introduction, 2Nd Edition - Smith F. Graham, King Terry A., Wilkins Dan - John Wiley &Amp; Sons - Libro - HOEPLI.it Optics and Photonics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition An Introduction DisponibilitÃ : Normalmente disponibile in 10 giorni PREZZO Pubblicazione: 04/2007 Trama The Second Edition of Optics and Photonics provides a clear, well-written introduction to both the fundamental principles of optics and the key aspects of photonics to show how the subject has developed in the last few decades, leading to many modern applications. The successful textbook thus provides a complete undergraduate course on optics in a single integrated text. Autore Sir Francis Graham Smith. Old School House, Henbury, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9PH, UK Now retired, Graham Smith has had a distinguished career in radio astronomy having held the post of Astronomer Royal 1982 1990, and most recently was Langworthy Professor of Physics at Manchester University. Professor Terry King. School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK Currently head of the Laser Photonics Group, Terry King has many years experience in research, teaching and consultancy. Professor Daniel Wilkins. Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182â0266, USA Dan Wilkins holds the Milo Bail Chair of Physics at Nebraska and has taught optics and a wide variety of undergraduate courses for many years. His main research focus is general relativity theory. Note Editore The second edition of this successful textbook provides a clear, wellâwritten introduction to both the fundamental principles of optics and the key aspects of photonics to show how the subject has developed in the last few decades, leading to many modern applications. The book thus provides a complete undergraduate course on optics in a single integrated text. The new edition has been completely updated and specific important changes include: New material on modern optics and photonics. A rearrangement of chapters to give a logical progression comprising groups of chapters on geometric optics, wave optics and photonics. Many more worked examples and problems. In addition, substantial revisions have been made to chapters on holography, lasers and the interaction of light with matter. For this edition Smith and King have been joined by a new coâauthor, Professor Dan Wilkins from the University of Nebraska at Omaha, who has many years experience of teaching optics courses. This balanced, practical, modern introduction to optics and photonics and will prove invaluable to students taking optics courses within science and engineering. Sommario	i don't know
Complete the group name Somethin' Smith and the	Somethin' Smith and the Redheads - IMDb IMDb Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Somethin' Smith and the Redheads's work have you seen? User Polls - Salute to the All American Basketball Teams (1957) ... (performer: "The Mambo, Tango, Samba, Calypso, Rhumba Blues" - uncredited) Hide 1958 The Big Record (TV Series) Themselves - Episode #1.6 (1957) ... Themselves (as The Redheads) - Episode #1.5 (1957) ... Themselves (as The Redheads) - Episode #1.4 (1957) ... Themselves (as The Redheads) - Episode #1.3 (1957) ... Themselves (as The Redheads) - Episode #1.2 (1957) ... Themselves (as The Redheads)	Redhead
What is Iain Duncan Smith's constituency	Somethin' Smith and the Redheads - Biography - IMDb Somethin' Smith and the Redheads It looks like we don't have any Biography for Somethin' Smith and the Redheads yet. Be the first to contribute! Just click the "Edit page" button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the Biography submission guide . See also	i don't know
Anna Nicole Smith was controversially married to which oil billionaire	Anna Nicole Smith: Supreme Court rules Anna Nicole Smith daughter not entitled to estate - latimes Supreme Court rejects Anna Nicole Smith case Justices say her heir is not entitled to a share of her tycoon husband's estate. June 24, 2011 \|By David G. Savage, Washington Bureau Former Playboy playmate Anna Nicole Smith married billionaire oil tycoon… (Splash News, Splash News ) Reporting from Washington — Former Playboy playmate Anna Nicole Smith's heir is not entitled to share in the $1.6-billion estate of her elderly Texas husband, the Supreme Court ruled, apparently ending a Dickensian legal struggle. Because the battle over oil tycoon J. Howard Marshall II's wealth outlived most of the parties to the suits, Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. compared it to "Bleak House," Charles Dickens' novel about a lawsuit that never ends. Vickie Lynn Marshall, who was better known as Anna Nicole Smith, married the 89-year-old billionaire a year before his death in 1995. Although he had given her many gifts and apparently promised many more, she was not included in his will. She sued in Texas probate court, alleging that Marshall's son Pierce, a prime heir, had conspired to deny her as much as $400 million that her late husband had promised. That case went to trial, and she lost. She filed separately for bankruptcy in Los Angeles. Pierce Marshall filed a claim against her in California bankruptcy court, accusing her of defaming him. She filed a counter-claim asserting that Pierce Marshall had schemed to deny her the money his father had promised, and won big. In 2000, the bankruptcy judge awarded her $475 million in damages, essentially the amount she had sought from the estate. Since then, the case has been in the hands of appellate judges, seeking a ruling on which court had the authority to decide the matter: the state probate court in Texas or the federal bankruptcy court in California. The case made several trips to the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco as well as two trips to the Supreme Court. Along the way, the damages were reduced to $88 million. But the dispute came to an end Thursday. In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled the bankruptcy judge had overplayed his hand and should not have awarded damages against Pierce Marshall. Roberts said the bankruptcy judge had the authority to resolve Smith's debts, but not to decide her claims against Marshall. Eric Brunstad, a lawyer for the Marshall family, said the decision "finally puts to rest years and years of litigation, and vindicates Pierce, who passed away five years ago this week." Smith died in 2007. Howard K. Stern, her former domestic partner, had carried on the case as executor of her estate. Her sole beneficiary is her daughter, Dannielynn Birkhead, who will be 5 in September. Smith's adult son, Daniel, died in 2006, days after Dannielynn's birth. The case of Stern vs. Marshall may well live on in bankruptcy circles, since Roberts wrote a major opinion on the constitutional limits on bankruptcy judges. Los Angeles lawyer Kent Richland, who argued the case for Stern, called the implications "quite significant." Usually, bankruptcy judges seek to resolve all of the complicated side disputes involving a bankrupt person or company, but the chief justice said their authority did not extend to disputes under state law that could be handled in state court.	J. Howard Marshall
What sport is played on Smith's Lawn	$1billion dollar baby: Anna Nicole Smith's six-year-old daughter Dannielynn may finally see some of her late mother's fortune in new ruling by Californian judge \| Daily Mail Online $1billion dollar baby: Anna Nicole Smith's six-year-old daughter Dannielynn may finally see some of her late mother's fortune in new ruling by Californian judge comments It is a legal battle that has dragged on for more than a decade. But now, Dannielynn Birkhead, the daughter of the late Anna Nicole Smith, may be finally entitled to some of the fortune left by her mother's late husband, oil billionaire J. Howard Marshall. Although Dannielynn was declared the sole heir to the estate back in 2008, The Supreme Court had ruled that Anna Nicole's estate was not entitled to any of Marshall's fortune. Just like her mother: Dannielynn Birkhead attends the 138th Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky in May last year Heiress: Last year, a Californian judge ruled that Dannielynn will be entitled to up to $49 million of her mother's ex-husband's estate - deceased billionaire oil tycoon J. Howard Marshall On Thursday however, a Californian judge said that Dannielynn, who is now six-years-old, is entitled to sanctions against Marshall's family, reports TMZ . She could now be entitled to up to $49million of Marshall's fortune, which is estimated to be between $500million and $1billion. The judge made their decision based on allegations that attorneys working for Marshall's estate used unsavory tactics through litigation, including concealing crucial legal documents from Anna's estate lawyers. Million dollar baby: Larry Birkhead has done a great job of bringing up daughter Dannielynn who could now be in line to inherit $49million dollars Anna Nicole herself went to court after Marshall’s death in 1995, claiming he promised to leave her £200million, even though his will made no mention of her. After she died from a drug overdose in 2007 aged 39, her lawyers argued that the money should go to Dannielynn, who was fathered by one of her lovers, Larry Birkhead, 37. But a federal court later ruled that Marshall intended to leave his entire fortune to Pierce Marshall, his son by an earlier marriage. Tragedy: After Anna Nicole died from a drug overdose in 2007 aged 39, her lawyers argued that the money should go to her daughter Taking after mom: Six-year-old Dannielynn Birkhead is growing up to look just like her mother Anna Nicole Anna married oil tycoon J. Howard Marshall in 1994 when she was just 26, and he was 89. Marshall died a year later. Meanwhile, Dannielynn is growing up to be the spitting image of her mother, who was aged just 39 when she was found dead in a Florida hotel room. Her father Larry Birkhead, who was forced to establish paternity in a suit against Smith's then partner and lawyer Howard K. Stern, seems to have done an excellent job raising his daughter by himself. 'I see her mom in everything she does,' Birkhead told UsWeekly. 'We were at the Kentucky Derby and she started smiling and posing like her mom would. People ask me to put her in modelling, but I don't want to push,' he added.	i don't know
Jason Lewis and Steve Smith were the first persons to cross the Atlantic from east to west using what unusual form of transport	Mad and magnificent: The Briton going round the world by bike, rollerblade and pedalo \| Daily Mail Online Mad and magnificent: The Briton going round the world by bike, rollerblade and pedalo By ROBERT HARDMAN Last updated at 01:25 29 September 2007 Gale force winds and a fast-flowing tide are driving me towards the path of a cross-Channel ferry. It is raining sideways and I can hardly see a thing from my damp, cramped seat, inches above the waterline. The boat is rocking in every direction. My skipper, Jason Lewis, has one very simple instruction: "Pedal! Very fast!" Scroll down for more ... Enlarge From the windows of the harbour authority building, staff stare down with a mixture of pity and incomprehension. Baffled pedestrians look on from a quayside. This is Ostend in Belgium, one of Europe's busiest ports, on a stormy autumn day. And yet here are two British blokes going for a spin in the shipping lanes in a strange pedalo. "They must think we're mad," I yell at Jason. My theory is confirmed moments later as a launch speeds past with the harbourmaster at the helm. "You're crazy!" he shouts. I couldn't agree more as I pedal faster than a Tour de France yellow jersey on steroids just to avoid being blown into a trawler. There are no gears and the top speed is about three miles per hour. This is hard work. Jason decides to take over the driving seat and calmly manoeuvres this sturdy little craft safley back to base. What on earth will all the onlookers say in a few days' time when they see this same pedalo slowly pottering out into the wild North Sea and setting course for Britain, where a royal welcome awaits? "You get every reaction in the book but I hope some people will wave," says Jason. He is used to strange looks. People have been telling him that he is mad for many years. And doing what he has done, many people would certainly go insane - if they weren't killed first. This tenacious Army officer's son from Dorset is more than unusual. He is, arguably, the most remarkable adventurer in the world today. Because Jason Lewis is about to pedal into the history books as the first person ever to go round the world by human power alone. He has survived attacks by a huge saltwater crocodile, an alligator, a whale, a couple of sharks and a drunk driver who left him for dead and consigned him to a wheelchair for nine months. He has had malaria - twice - and nearly died from blood poisoning while alone and 1,000 miles from land. He has also had to sacrifice a precious romance or two along the way. But what is more extraordinary than any incident is the sheer scale of Jason's actual mission - or Expedition 360 to give it its proper name. Until now, no human has ever circled the planet without assistance from either wind or machine. And this Herculean task has taken Jason a staggering 13 years. John Major was in No 10, Posh was a shop girl and Wayne Rooney was in primary school when Jason set off. Countless criminals have served "life" sentences in the meantime. Scroll down for more ... Enlarge During his travels, Jason has become the first (and only) person to pedal across the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans - using Moksha, the same bizarre contraption that I am operating now. Through terrifying storms and stultifying doldrums, he has sat in this claustrophobic, floating hamster's wheel crawling along at walking speed, only to be swept back 20 miles sometimes by a disobliging current. The mental stamina is even more impressive than the physical exertion. Ashore, Jason became the first person to cross the U.S.A on rollerblades. He has bicycled across Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe, enduring arrest and angry mobs along the way. He also bumped into a Hollywood film star in the middle of the Sahara. His supporters might include royalty and the Dalai Lama but money has been scarce from the start. En route, he has done every job from ranch manager to undertaker to pay his bills. And now, at long, long last, he is on the very last leg of his odyssey. Just 100 miles of water stand between him and Greenwich where family, friends and the Duke of Gloucester will welcome him back across the finish next Saturday morning. So I am eager to meet this phenomenon as he heads for home. I expect to meet a hairy, wide-eyed cross between Forrest Gump and Rip Van Winkle. Instead, I meet a clean-cut, cheerful, articulate man who has seen more of the world than almost anyone and who now just wants to have somewhere he can finally unpack his tiny clutch of worldly goods (he owns just one pair of trousers but did "splash out" on two pairs of socks while cycling through Germany the other day). "It would be nice to be able to say 'I'm home'," he laughs as we meet in a cafe in Ostend where Belgian friends have given him accommodation and boatyard facilities to prepare for the last leg. In the next few days, he will transport Moksha down to Calais and follow behind on his bicycle. If the French authorities don't arrest him for being a potential hazard to shipping, as they have threatened, he will pedal across to Dover and round to the Thames Estuary for his triumphal arrival in London. Then, after a hot bath, he will work out what to do next. But it is unlikely to involve travel for a while. "I do get travel-weary," he says. Frankly, after 13 years, I'd be amazed if he did not. "It's that feeling that you can never just flop down in your own place and put your feet up." He has, though, lost none of his enthusiasm for the original motivation behind this trip - education. Having addressed countless schools and colleges all the way round the globe - many are now regulars on his website - Jason spends a large part of every day corresponding with the world. A homecoming lecture is already booked at the Royal Geographical Society. "This trip was always about teaching people about the rest of the world and the environment. "When I left, I talked about ecological 'footprints' and no one had a clue what I was on about. Now, it's part of the language." Though passionate, he is not preachy. "I'm not going to tell people not to fly round the world just because I have pedalled my way round." Despite being a vegetarian, he has found himself eating everything from grasshoppers to dog meat during his travels. And he has little faith in grand government solutions to the world's problems. "There are lots of so-called do-gooders who just don't do anything. "I'm afraid I've seen too many United Nations cars outside too many five star hotels and smart restaurants in very poor countries to have much time for those big organisations any more." Instead, he has diverted all his sponsorship funds directly to small projects such as, say, an orphanage in East Timor. Two weeks ago, Jason celebrated his 40th birthday (alone in a tent in Germany). He was just 26 when he left home. After a public school education at Sherborne and a geography degree from London University, he was running a window-cleaning business when a university friend, Steve Smith, suggested an impossibly ambitious adventure. "It was Steve's idea to go around the world using human power alone. I think he wanted to write about it. I liked the sense of adventure." The two men borrowed money from their families to build two all-terrain bikes and a 26-foot pedal-powered wooden boat designed by experts from the Exeter Maritime Museum. With a tiny single bunk in a capsule at the front and a water purifier, it would allow one man to sleep while the other pedalled. The focus, meanwhile, was to raise money and awareness for the (now defunct) Council for Education in World Citizenship. Its royal patron, the Duke of Gloucester, waved Steve and Jason off from the Greenwich Meridian Line in July 1994. They cycled down to Rye in Sussex, bid farewell to their tearful families and boarded Moksha for her maiden voyage. "We were idiots," Jason recalls. "The boat was full of beer and it was only on the first night that we realised neither of us had ever spent a night at sea before." They reached France without mishap and biked down to Portugal where they were reunited with the boat for the Atlantic crossing. Food shortages and storms strained their friendship and they stopped speaking after a capsize nearly cost Steve his life. "I was probably a bit of a bastard," Jason admits. When they finally reached Miami, they couldn't face the thought of crossing America together so Steve set off on a southerly route by bike while Jason went across the middle on a pair of rollerblades. In Colorado, however, he was run over by a drunken 82-year-old man with a cataract problem who drove off leaving Jason in a critical condition. It took him nearly a year to recover and resume his skate to California and it was another couple of years before he could raise enough money to get the project back on track. Reunited with Steve, they cycled and kayaked their way down to South America from where they planned to take Moksha across the Pacific. But the El Nino weather pattern of 1997 upset all the winds and currents and scuppered their plans. So, they just travelled thousands of miles all the way back up to San Francisco and set off from there in 1998. After 54 days of pedalling and 2,400 miles they reached Hawaii where Steve finally had had enough. He retired to write his book - Pedalling To Hawaii - and support the project from dry land. Jason continued alone for another 2,400 miles to the island of Tarawa, surviving severe septicemia and repeated brushes with a highly-aggressive oceanic whitetip shark ("the most aggressive of all sharks" according to Jacques Cousteau). When he finally reached the Solomon Islands, he found a war going on but was joined by his then girlfriend, April Abril, a Colorado teacher he had met during his convalescence. There was just one problem. "April had never been in a boat before," says Jason. "She was seasick the whole way but she was incredibly brave and never missed her shift on the pedals." The two of them pedalled 1,100 miles across the Coral Sea but April was so ill and the approach over the Barrier Reef was so treacherous that Moksha had to be towed for the last 20 miles. Because rules are rules, Jason then had to go back out to exactly the same point using a GPS satellite receiver and retrace the final section of the voyage under human power. He decided to do it by kayak but it was then that he had the most terrifying experience of the entire adventure. "I was alone and coming into a remote beach when this huge saltwater crocodile started chasing me. "I think he thought the kayak was another croc on his territory." Jason paddled so hard that the kayak shot on to the sand, from where he ran behind a dune, while the 15-foot croc started to eat his kayak. Seeing his transport being consumed, Jason tried to beat the reptile away with his oar - only to see that disappear down the creature's throat, too. He really was up the proverbial creek without a paddle. "Finally, the croc gave up and swam off. So I decided to burn the rest of the kayak. I needed to send some sort of distress signal. "Also, I'm not religious, but the Pacific had been a real pain and it was time to make an offering to the gods." It worked and a coastguard seaplane picked him up. His original plan had been to get round the world by 1997. It was now 2000 and Jason was still only half way. Word came from Britain that his father, a career officer in the Royal Tank Regiment, was ill with cancer and Jason flew home to be with his parents and two sisters. Once his father had undergone successful treatment, though, Jason was soon back in Australia. In 2001, he cycled across the outback with a team of students before pedalling on to Indonesia and South East Asia. He caught malaria in Laos, narrowly avoided arrest in Tibet, cycled all the way up to the Himalayas and back down to Mumbai. With another supporter, he pedalled across the Indian Ocean, risking daily attack from the pirates in the region. On the one occasion that a boat full of gunmen did approach, he used the novel tactic of standing on top of the boat stark naked and waving. The gunmen turned and fled. Once in Africa, he was pelted with rocks in Ethiopia and arrested in Egypt as a potential spy. He also had a surreal moment cycling through the Sahara earlier this year when he bumped into the film star, Ewan McGregor, motorcycling in the other direction with a film crew. The production gave him £1,000 of sponsorship on the spot. Having rowed across the Bosphorus from Asia into Europe in August, Jason then made fast work of the bike ride up to Belgium. He knows it will be an emotional reunion with his family and that he has some catching up to do. He owns nothing, has no pension and has never heard of, say, an ISA. But he wants to keep on educating the world and has plans to develop a DVD for schools. He has paid off most of his debts and has invited all the 2,000 people who have helped the project in some way to his homecoming on October 6. He still needs a sponsor for the final leg, though, not least to ensure that Moksha can be safely preserved as an exhibit somewhere for posterity. So where next? "I can honestly say that, looking back on all the exotic places I've seen, nowhere really grabs me. "I miss the green, rolling hills of Britain." After pedalling round the largest boating pond in existence, this really is a case of: "Come in, Number One. Your time is up."	Pedalo
In the George Orwell novel 1984 in which ministry did Winston Smith work	Greenwich People \| The Greenwich Phantom The Greenwich Phantom An Intimate Guide to Life in Greenwich Friday 20th January 2017 Friday, January 25th, 2008 1766-1828 I’ve been watching the diggery going on in the grounds of Devonport House with interest. When I first saw the workmen in there I was a bit worried that they’d discovered a nice patch of real-estate to build flats on in the middle of town (paaayyyydiiirt!) but as the weeks wore on it was clear they were just building paths. It’s all been lain out there now, with baby hedges and little benches, with paths around each monument. Personally, I always rather liked a little piece of un-worked land just there. Everything else (and now this) is so manicured that a little shaggy grass was a welcome sight – and went well with the austere building behind it. These paths feel like they’re trying a bit too hard. I almost quite liked that no one was officially let in, though of course I can’t have been the only one who sneaked in occasionally to view the monuments. Does this mean that it will now be officially opened so that anyone can walk around – or is it going to be a private garden? Who can tell. For the moment those heavy iron gates are firmly locked, but that path goes right down to them. Maybe it’s for show. In the meanwhile, at least it’s less than impressive for their new scheme if they continue to display huge plastic banners advertising cheap conference facilities… But once more I’m digressing. I’ve been looking into a few of the remaining memorials in the grounds and, if you recall, the one that’s been bugging me most has been the broken column… I used to have a book about Victorian Funerary Symbolism (a remainder-shop-lovely, which I stupidly got rid of several culls ago. Whenever I have a book-cull, I always regret it…) which was all about the symbolism of graveyards. Ivy is the obvious one – for eternal life. Time is another biggie – scythes, hourglasses and skulls (like those splendid ones at St Nicholas in Deptford) are pretty obvious, as are sleeping babies and cherubs. I knew a broken column was hugely significant but, couldn’t remember quite what it was… Thank God for the internet. If you are of a similarly warped disposition as me, you will love this dictionary of Victorian Funerary Art – never be without it when you’re walking around a graveyard again. It’s an American website, but I’m pretty sure that the basics are the same – they seem to make sense. “Column, broken: an early grief, end of life, sorrow. Life cut short too soon. May be girded with flowers. This image represents the decay. It usually represents the loss of the family head.” Trouble is, the longer I look at it, the less sure I am that it’s just that. There’s deffo a broken column there – but is that a flame too? “Vessel with flame: the eternal flame or the eternal spirit of man.” …or is the whole thing covered in a cloth? “Drapery: Drapery over anything – sorrow, mourning “ And what’s with the wreath? “Laurel wreath: is usually associated with someone who has attained distinction in the arts, literature, athletics or the military.” So who was this guy? Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Boulden-Thompson, actually. “Knight and baronet, and grand cross of the most honourable military order of the bath; vice-admiral of the red; treasurer of Greenwich Hospital ; a director of the chest; and a visitor of the West India Naval School.” The Annual Biography and Obituary of the Year 1828 Blimey – that sounds crusty. But a closer look at he seems rather more Master and Commander than at first appears. This is the chap described by Nelson as “an active young man,”as he fought at Santa Cruz and was injured, though not as badly as Nelson himself of course, who lost an arm. Thompson got much more badly-injured captured by the French in a long sea battle not long after, trying to save his ship, The Leander at the Nile. The dastardly French treated them appallingly, plundering everything in sight – including the instruments of a surgeon who was in the middle of an operation. When Thompson tried to remind the French Captain of the way French prisoners were treated by the English, he merely shrugged gallic-ly. “I am sorry for it, but the French are expert at plunder…” When Thompson was finally freed he was court-martialled for losing The Leander. I’m not sure how he managed to not only get off the charge, but get himself a knighthood in the process, but he certainly went on to have all kinds of honours bestowed on him. It was all going very well indeed. He continued to fight under Nelson, until it all went horribly wrong at the Battle of Copenhagen, where he lost a leg. “I am now totally disabled and my life is run through, only at the age of 35,” he wrote in frustration. Well. Not quite. He may not have made it to Trafalgar, but back home his derring-do had not gone unnoticed. He was made Treasurer of the Royal Naval Hospital and became an MP. He became Director of the Chest after the death of Lord Hood. It remains to be seen whether we’ll be officially allowed in to see Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Boulden-Thompson’s tomb at closer-hand, or whether we’ll have to continue resorting to the time-honoured tradition of sneaking round the back. In the meanwhile, the broken column is one of the more visible of the Devonport memorials. More stories of obscure monuments another day… Tuesday, January 22nd, 2008 1708 – 1760 What I love about Greenwich is that whatever cliche you care to mention, we have an example of it somewhere. Lavinia Fenton is 18th Century ‘actresses’ personified (child prostitute to duchess with a spot of acting in between) and it’s very pleasing to know that she once walked at least one or two of the streets we know today (no – not that kind of walk – by that time she was most definitely in “respectable” mode. There is, of course, as with all stories of this nature, a questionable lineage. She was brought up by her mother’s husband, but it’s unlikely he was her real father – that honour probably going to a sailor (see what I mean about cliche?) called Beswick. These were saucy days – where London was a dangerous and exhilarating world full of coffee houses, silks, satins, grand buildings – and footpads, murderers, cozeners, whores, drinking and gambling dens. She became a child prostitute (there were hundreds, perhaps thousands of filles-de-joie in those days – it’s worth taking a peek at a copy of the slightly later quarter-million seller Harris’s Lists of Covent Garden Ladies which was literally a catalogue of hookers – what they looked like, where they lived and what they would do, including ‘specialities’ of eye-popping inventiveness – any notions of genteel history fly right out of the window…) but really made her (stage) name as an actress. As Lavinia Fenton she played Monimia in Thomas Otway’s The Orphan in 1726 at the Haymarket Theatre, and then moved onto Lincoln’s Inn Fields where she joined a theatre company and became quite a starlet – mainly with the gentlemen. It wasn’t that she was particularly beautiful, but she was vivacious (why aren’t people described as ‘vivacious’ any more?) had a good figure and could sing well Her big moment came with the still-performed (though more often as the inspiration for Brecht/Weil’s Threepenny Opera) Beggars Opera by John Gay. No one was interested in any of the other poor sods in the show – all the notices raved about her portrayal of Polly Peachum and she became almost synonymous with the role. Audiences went mad, buying up all the souvenirs they could – mezzo-tint drawings, ‘biographies’ – and the lyrics of her songs printed on ladies fans (I wonder if they have one in the Fan Museum..?) There was one fan in particular, of the supporter-variety, Charles Paulet, who became really obsessed. The fact that he was the 3rd Duke of Bolton probably made the attention a bit more palatable but he was hardly a catch looks-wise. Much older than her, in Hogarth’s painting of a performance of the show, he is the creepy bloke watching her intently from the box in full stalker-fashion. The flesh crawls even more when you know that this particular performance was taking place in Newgate Prison. It was the talk (though hardly scandal – everyone was at it) of the town but she knew which side her crumpets were buttered and, after several revivals of the show, she moved in with him. He married her as soon as his wife died. They had three illegitimate children. So what’s the connection with Greenwich? Well, she survived her husband and came to live at Westcombe House. This is not, of course, John Julius Angerstein’s Woodlands; it was an earlier building. I think there’s a painting of it in The Spread Eagle restuarant. She spent the rest of her life living grandly as a Duchess, and when she died was buried in St Alfege’s Church. I’m not sure where her grave is; I assume it’s in the crypt with Thomas Tallis and General Wolfe, but if anyone knows for sure, I’d like to know. We don’t have any real reminders of her in Greenwich, which is a shame – a nice statue of her as Polly Peachum would be a welcome feminine addition to a largely masculine bunch of sculptures here – but there is, inexplicaby, a Rua Lavinia Fenton in Sao Paulo and a Lavinia Fenton suite in a hotel in Basingstoke. Thursday, January 17th, 2008 The Old Ticket Office, Woodlands Park Road, SE10 Once upon a time there was a little railway station. It was a fine railway station, with wide sidings and a dear little ticket office who was his best friend. But one day a wicked old wizard came along and cast an evil spell, his greedy eye on the little station’s land. The little station fought and fought but the wicked old wizard’s magic was too strong. The brave little station survived but at what cost? He had lost his lovely sidings and the wizard forced him to live with an ugly hovel instead of his beloved ticket office. Only the wave of a fairy godmother’s magic wand and could save the little station’s friend… Maze Hill Pottery is a wonderful example of the kind of thing we can’t afford to lose in Greenwich – a sweet little Victorian building turned into something that isn’t an estate agent’s office or a KFC rip-off. It’s run by Lisa Hammond, an internationally-acclaimed artist whose stuff is not just beautiful, it’s useful too. Each item is unique and although she does do some interesting ‘art’ pieces, most of her stuff is actually useable. Bowls and pots, cafetieres and casseroles, each is subtley different and has a practical purpose, rather than just an ornamental dust-trap function… As I was walking past one day in December, I saw a postcard advertising an open studio day – just the sort of thing I can’t resist. Even better, it was going to coincide with a rare kiln-opening. Apparently the thing takes several nail-biting days to cool properly – if she opens the door too quickly, the contents crack. She doesn’t actually know how her latest pots will turn out for some time after she’s fired it all up. And since she only fires up about once a month, a bad batch can represent a real problem. What seemed like the entire population of Greenwich turned up for the opening – let’s face it, it’s not the sort of thing we often get to see round here – and the tiny studio was utterly packed. As the rack was slowly winched out, the tension on Lisa Hammond’s face was obvious, turning to relief as she realised that it was, after all, a good batch. Pots and plates, vases and jars, all jumbled up next to each other, filling the kiln to the last inch. What I found delightful was the surprise Lisa Hammond still has every time she opens a kiln. She can’t be sure exactly how anything will look – I didn’t realise just how inexact a science slips and glazes are. And that’s what makes ceramics so exciting. As she examined each piece, it was clear that even things from the same batch will be different – so every item is unique. A good thing in this age of mass-production. Lisa Hammond exhibits all over the world, and her wares can be purchased from exclusive stores in Tokyo (though of course you could just nip into the workshop if she’s in there.) It’s a terrific place to get presents (it solved the problem of what to get for the Phantom-Webmaster-who-has-everything) but they don’t have to be just pottery. Lisa Hammond finds time to run classes and workshops too which would also make a good ‘virtual’ gift. I’ve never been to a class, but I’m tempted. They look great fun. There’s loads about them and all manner of other interesting things about the place itself on the excellent website. I won’t reinvent the (potter’s) wheel here by repeating what can be found at http://www.greenwichgateway.com/mazehill/index.htm Tuesday, January 8th, 2008 Iris Bryce, Greenwich Community College Press, 1995 I hadn’t expected much from this book. I’d passed it over several times in the Pepys Centre Tourist Information shop, having read various local ‘memoirs’ in the past and been underwhelmed by the writing standard and unexciting content. I was put off by the cover (aw, c’mon – show me the person who doesn’t judge books by covers just a little…) with its dated font and annoying landscape format. Once again I’ve been forced to eat humble pie. I bought this book on Friday and, despite a full weekend where I was staying with friends and supposed to be doing stuff with them, I just couldn’t tear myself away from it. Iris Bryce is not just a natural storyteller, she has a story to tell. Born and brought up in the centre of Greenwich in the 1920s and 30s, she came from a world where if you left your very street you were in foreign parts, dangerous and murky to a child who knew the hostility of poverty and the dangers of straying into the territory of a rival gang of kids. Of course, we’re hardly talking Yardies here. This is good old-fashioned intimidation, not gun culture. But childhood cruelty comes in many forms and the taunts of kids from a street only slightly more well-off than your own still cuts to the quick if you’re the only one whose mother, even in a poor street, has to go to work to make ends meet. And to wander into the really poor areas was to risk the horrors of the ‘witch’ who sat on the step smoking a clay pipe or the docks, warehouses and scrap yards, with their seedy, shady ‘other’ worlds. Where Iris Bryce’s memoirs differ from so many stories of poor, working class lives in the 20th Century is the knowledge that, from a very early age, she wanted out of the circle of poverty that most considered their lot. She was a bright kid, something recognised by her teachers, but not her own family. Time after time she was given glimmers of hope – offers of scholarships and better education, time after time she suffered the despair of her father ripping up the letters that would better her life and throwing them into the fire. This is no misery memoir though (BTW – has anyone noticed that places like Waterstones now have a special section for this dismal genre? I vaguely remember the title “Tragic Lives” sits above the section. I ask you – who on earth would search these books out as a matter of course?) Bryce’s frustration is palpable but she never gives up for more than a few seconds, and it is that optimism that drives the book, and which kept me reading. The detail about Greenwich is fine-tuned – enough streets, pubs and places namechecked to give a sense of real geography, but it is balanced with a strong storyline which although not always linear (hard to do linear when you’re talking about someone’s life, I guess) has a humanity about it. Even people like her father, an angry, violent man, are never painted totally black – there are moments of tenderness where it’s possible to see the dilemma and perhaps even guilt Bryce felt at wanting to leave her ‘lot’ behind. This is not a perfect book. But it is mainly sins of omission, rather than badly-written. Bryce repeats herself from time to time, but it’s not something that really bothers me. Hell, I do it myself. What does get me, though, is that at no point is there any kind of biography of the author, and we are not given any start date for the story – forcing the reader to try to work out what period we’re talking about. This vagueness makes the early part of the book shaky, as the reader is constantly trying to work out dates of gas-lamps, street name changes and electricity-arrival just to get a handle on when other things are going on. My biggest problem with the book is its sudden end. Even a book that will have a sequel needs some kind of conclusion. Its whole conceit has been driven by Bryce’s desire to leave her world, and at the end, she sort of does – she contrives to get herself conscripted into the ATS. But that’s it. For a story so well-paced up to this point, it’s extremely frustrating to turn to a blank page. No word on what happened next, whether she actually managed to break out of her cycle of poverty or even whether she ever returned to Greenwich. Even a “coming soon” teaser-note at the bottom would have sufficed. I found it extremely frustrating, lying in bed Sunday night, after a weekend of snatched paragraphs and sneaky peeks, to not actually find out ‘the end.’ Of course the first thing I did yesterday was get onto the internet to see what I could find out about Iris Bryce and, after some searching, I have found out some of her story – she apparently married a well-known British jazz musician and went to live on a barge, writing several books about her life on the canals. There is even a follow-up to Remember Greenwich. I concede that she perhaps didn’t know there would be a sequel when the first book was published – but a short biography at the end – even a few sentences – would have rounded-off the story without ruining the appetite. I thoroughly recommend this book, whatever minor issues I may have with it. It would warrant a reprint – perhaps combined with the sequel, in a more attractive format, but in the meanwhile, I intend to quote liberally from this remarkable woman’s story. It is as much a part of Greenwich’s history as that of Henry VIII, Samuel Pepys and John Flamsteed. Jason Lewis – Expedition 360 Wednesday, October 3rd, 2007 You know, just when I go off on one of my favourite hobby-horses – that in our homogenised, bland-ed- up, dumbed-down society there is no room for characters any more – Jason Lewis turns up and restores my faith in eccentricity. Not, of course, that this is the old-fashioned, nutty form of eccentricity – he doesn’t keep 58 cats in a council flat or invent flippers for injured penguins. This is a modern, highly-organised, website-savvy eccentricity – but none the less exciting for that. I bet not many people remember the departure on the 12th July 1994. If I’m honest I can’t remember what I was doing myself, let-alone what probably elicited one of those “And finally…” type stories on the news. Two guys, Steve Smith and Jason Lewis, thought it would be fun to try to circumnavigate the earth using only human power. You know the sort of thing – biking, hiking, roller-skating, swimming, kayaking and, my favourite, pedalo-pedalling. I mean – one of those ridiculous little boats for kiddies you get in Greenwich Park – in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? That’s eccentric in my book. Still at least there were two of them. They set out from Greenwich (where else should you set out from if you’re circumnavigating the globe?) and a BBC website photo shows them posing at the bottom of the Eiffel Tower on the first leg of their journey. But Steve Smith only made it to Hawaii – he returned to write the obligatory book – while Lewis soldiered on alone. I doubt he expected the jaunt to last 13 years. His main problem was cash. Explorers of the olden days relied on aristocratic family wealth or being sponsored by sovereigns who demanded they nab land for them in return. These days sponsors want a different kind of riches – advertising – and there ain’t much room for a poster on the side of a pedalo. Although there’s an impressive lost of sponsors listed on his website, I suspect that they weren’t all queueing up to give him money to start with – especially when he was knocked off his rollerblades in Colorado by an 82 year-old drink driver and broke both legs. It got even less glamorous. He contracted malaria. Was attacked by crocs. Had to treat himself when he got septicaemia in the Pacific on his pedalo, though he did get to stop and eat Christmas dinner with some cable-layers in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Lewis often had to stop his trip for less fun reasons -to earn enough money to continue – mainly crap jobs, but occasionally more dinner-party-discussion-worthy stuff like working as an undertaker and a cowboy among other things along the way (and now – oh, boy is there a publishing deal to be had now…) So – back to why this story’s on this blog. Jason Lewis finishes his mammoth tour on Saturday, welcomed back to Greenwich by clamouring crowds and the Duke of Gloucester. He’s probably going to miss out on a couple of Guinness World Records on technicalities but as a thoroughly modern eccentric, he can count on a healthy after-dinner speaking career to keep him afloat now he’s back on dry land… I have tried in vain to find out the exact time of his arrival on Saturday morning. For the same (most annoying) reasons I won’t be able to make it to the Greenwich Market Consultation I won’t be waving my hat in the air to greet him, but if any of you folk go, do let me know what it was like… www.expedition360.com Thursday, September 13th, 2007 1437(ish) – 1492 Family weddings – don’t you love ‘em. A few glasses of cheap bubbly, someone from the bride’s side insults the groom’s mother and all hell breaks loose. Bun-fights, punch-ups and the next thing you know someone’s started the next round of the Wars of the Roses… So there was young Margaret of Anjou, who, if you remember, had married Crazy Henry VI and had just done up her new pad at Greenwich in girly colours and pretty patterns. Life had got a bit scary after Jack Cade’s rebellion so she’d decamped Ooop North and Round One of the Wars of the Roses had got underway. Edward IV came to the throne in 1461 and was the complete opposite of Henry VI. He was the kind of squared-jawed burly-framed Hollywood Hunk that made women swoon – he was 6 foot 4 at a time when most people were about a foot shorter and his interests included hunting in Greenwich Park, gold-brocade outfits and knightly pursuits. I can just see those Disney-esque teeth gleam… He married local girl Elizabeth Woodville (from Lee) probably for love, or at least lust, given her long black hair, her famed beauty and especially her lovely heavy-lidded eyes (“the eyes of a dragon”, one chronicler tells us. The mind boggles.) Apparently her USP was her skill at fluttering her eyelashes. It was all hush-hush – not least because Lizzy’s first husband had been killed fighting for the Lancastrians – when Edward was the leader of the York contingent. When they found out, his advisers who’d had their eye on a nice political union with a French princess, were pretty fed up. Some even whispered that she’d bewitched him, a murmur that got rather louder when she bowled up to Westminster Abbey with some of her distant Luxembourgian relatives carrying shields with pagan goddesses painted on them and the whole thing had to be settled by fisticuffs. Edward poo-pooed the lot of them and where the rest of us are lucky to get a toaster, he gave Lizzy Greenwich as a wedding present, including the tower and park. Nice work if you can get it. They seem to have had a happyish life (considering that England was in turmoil and everyone hated everyone else) although he appears to have had a lot of mistresses, most of who also seem to have been called Elizabeth. I’m just glad Freud wasn’t going to be around for 700-odd years.) Edward had lots of children by both his wife and others, at least two of whom you’ll have come across – but we’ll get to that. Sadly Elizabeth’s family were the original Sarf London chavs – they pushed themselves forward at every opportunity and won themselves no great favours at court. They made sure they married themselves into as many of the best families as possible (presumably wearing Burberry doublet-and-hose) and availed themselves of all the lucrative opportunities to shine, which many of the courtly toffs thought was dreadfully vulgar. One splendid example of Early Bling was when one of Lizzy’s rather obscure brothers-in-law died, they interred him at St Albans with a gigantic, very shiny and much larger brass plaque than even that of the Bishop. It all became very embarrassing, but all Edward really wanted was an easy life and he tended to turn a blind eye to it all. It was at Greenwich that the ultimate Little Britain family wedding took place. Elizabeth’s son by her first marriage was given the hand of Anne, an heiress, who had been promised to heavy-hitting York-supporter the Earl of Warwick who had been instrumental in bringing Edward to the throne and was naturally a bit pissed off at Edward’s short memory. I am so glad I wasn’t at that wedding – I imagine a surreal cross between an Alan Ayckbourn parlour drama, The Royle Family and a Quentin Tarantino shootemup. The slighted Earl of Warwick switched sides, withdrew to France and cooked up Round Two of the Wars of the Roses with New Best Friend Margaret of Anjou. Meanwhile, back at Greenwich, it all got a bit nasty when Edward died. Elizabeth became, briefly, “Queen Mother,” to her two little princes who were the heirs to the throne, but – and I’m sure you can see where this is going – enter, stage left, Hiss! Boo! panto villain, Uncle Richard. I have no idea whether Richard III was actually as evil as he is painted – or, indeed, any more evil than anyone else at the time – there is a lot of revisionist history going on just now – but one thing seems sure. Richard found a priest who said that he had presided over Edward and Elizabeth’s marriage and that since Edward was already promised to marry someone else, he had committed bigamy. Richard declared Dead Ed’s marriage null and void, Lizzy was banished from court and the two princes disappeared. In later life, after being brought back into favour and seeing her daughter married to the future Henry VI, Elizabeth was allowed back to court for a bit, before being packed off to a nunnery in Bermondsey for possibly being involved in a rebellion (all that’s left now of Bermondsey Abbey is a rather sad-looking plaque on the wall of some council flats. You can see it if you travel into town on the 188 bus. ) She was nearly married to the young King of Scotland but he most inconveniently died, so the now-ageing ex-queen stayed in the convent, where she died too. She was given a no-frills funeral by her son-in-law King Henry VII which, as you can imagine, really offended her designer label-loving relatives. But was she bovvered? I doubt it. Her daughter had just given birth to Henry VIII. Tuesday, August 28th, 2007 1675/6? – 1734 James Thornhill, in accepting Wren’s commission to decorate The Painted Hall, made one fundamental mistake. He agreed to be paid after the mural was finished. In all fairness, he probably didn’t imagine that it was going to take 19 years and had his eye on a little more than money at the time (as well as seeing the job as a superb advert for his skills, he fancied a knighthood and a life in politics.) Thornhill wasn’t a Greenwich guy by birth – he came from gentle stock – albeit impoverished. He got himself apprenticed to Thomas Highmore, who did fancy paintings in toff’s houses across the land. He proved an apt pupil, and got a fair amount of work on graduating, but needed a special job that would act as a calling card for even more splendid commissions. The Painted Hall seemed the perfect opportunity to show off. He just hadn’t counted on how long it would take. The allegories and allusions that litter the ceiling and walls of the Painted Hall deserve a separate entry on another day, but suffice to say that it is absolutely chock-a-block with stuff going on – stuff which meant much more to an 18th Century viewer than it does to us today. He had taken this job as a way to display how good he was at painting portraits – and he certainly got a lot of practice. The Royal Family kept changing and he had to repaint sections, and since he was being paid at the end, he received no recompense for continually repainting the various Kings, queens and sundry royal hangers-ons’ likenesses. The job got out of hand in virtually every respect. The hall, originally intended as a mess room for the elderly sea dogs was covered in scaffolding and paint pots, so the pensioners had to eat downstairs in the undercroft. (They never returned, because when Thornhill finished it was deemed too posh for the likes of them, and just became a tourist attraction, where the old boys earned a few coppers by showing visitors around.) Thornhill had his fun, with a few allegorical gags but things were really dragging on. It didn’t help that various contemporaries who could have been more charitable were, frankly, sniffy about him. Sir John Vanbrugh , who was, to be honest, in a bit of a Glass house himself, thought it would be “a pleasant joke” when Thornhill, a mere “painter” applied to become Royal Architect at Greenwich. He clearly thought a playwright would be better qualified – and, of course, he was right… In 1718, as a bit of a sop, presumably, King George I appointed him court painter, promoting him to Sergeant Painter two years later, when he also knighted him. It was the least he could do, considering how he was going to shaft the guy when he actually finished. There was a great deal of grumpiness over the bill when Thornhill’s work finally came to an end. I’m not sure how much of an insult it was to treat him as a posh painter and decorator in the end, instead of paying him as an allegorical historical artist, but it must have stung like crazy to have his life’s work divvied up by the yard – three quid for the ceiling and a mere pound for the walls. Luckily, by this point he wasn’t desperate for the cash, having gone into politics in the meanwhile, and he was still able to build a rather sweet palladian country pile at Stalbridge in Dorset. He set up his own art academy where one of his saucier students, William Hogarth met and married Thornhill’s daughter. Thornhill is part of Hogarth’s parliamentary group ‘The Goals Committee of the House of Commons.’ Nearer the end of his life he didn’t have any commissions (presumably being out of the loop for 19 years didn’t help much)so he set himself to copying the Rapheal Cartoons at Hampton Court. He managed a lot, but slowness still bugged him and he never completed them. Vanbrugh Castle Tuesday, August 7th, 2007 Sir John Vanbrugh is a classic example of the Renaissance Man (even if he was a bit late to be truly from those times.) There aren’t too many people who can have claimed to have written some of the rudest, funniest and most influential plays of their day, become Surveyor to Greenwich Hospital with vitually no experience and been the architect of several of the largest and most opulent palaces in Britain. Hardly surprising, then, that when he came to building his own dwelling, he wasn’t going to settle for any old boring house. He didn’t start out very well. The son of a linen merchant in Chester, he decided that the best way to see the world was to join the army. Trouble was, he had a bit of an unusual surname and he managed to get arrested in France because they thought he was Dutch. Since he didn’t have any papers on him, they decided to throw him in jail. Rather optimistically, they had assumed that he was really important and put him up for ransom in exchange for some high-end French prisoners. Sadly for Vanbrugh, no one gave a stuff and he ended up there for five years before the French gave up. By this point he was nearly 30, so he had a bit of catching up to do. He claims to have written The Relapse, or Virtue in Danger in six weeks. Whether he did or not, it was an instant hit, and he was suddenly the toast of seamy, seedy, fashionable London. A natural bon viveur, he was extremely popular with his public (The Provok’d Wife came hot on the heels of his first hit) but not so popular with the other bon viveurs of the day, upon whose square-capped satin shoes Vanbrugh was joyfully treading. He built himself a very curious house in Whitehall, which Jonathan Swift reckoned looked like a Goose Pie (whatever one of those looks like,) everyone laughed heartily and it was known as Goose Pie House ever after. I have no idea how John Vanbrugh persuaded Lord Carlisle to ditch the highly experienced architect he had asked to build what was to be Castle Howard and hire the experience-free Vanbrugh instead, but that man must have had some gift of the gab. This guy had never built anything bigger than his extremely odd house and had no skill at all as a draughtsman. I mean – the man couldn’t even draw. He built a little wooden model to show Carlisle what he had in mind. Presumably he got some tips from his mate, Sir Christopher Wren. Mr Swift was even more scathing. But Castle Howard, with all its turrets and ramparts and crenellations went up and got Vanbrugh another commission. Blenheim Palace was next. But he started doing all sorts of things not in the original model (actually, he started adapting the old castle in its grounds as, ahem, a bijou residence for himselfand ended up with a very angry duchess, so he wrote some notes about the aesthetics of architecture to placate her and inadvertently created a seminal treatise that is still valued today. But the duchess wasn’t impressed, and Woodstock Castle was demolished. Vanbrugh’s fascination with the theatrical pervaded everything he did. Virtually everything he built looked like a stage set. He was renting a place in Greenwich that he hated (John Evelyn visited and even he had to admit it was “wretched.”) But he did like the view – and let’s face it, the view from the little mini roundabout outside Vanbrugh Castle is still one of the great sights of Greenwich (if a little changed from Vanbrugh’s day.) Because his job was now there (he was surveyor to Greenwich Hospital though frankly didn’t do an awful lot) he decided to set up his new roots and Maze Hill, handily next to the park, was as good as any. Vanbrugh Castle was his usual concoction of towers and crenellations, gatehouses, ramparts, arch-y windows etc, in brick rather than stone,and he made sure that he kept his view by making the lead roof accessible – possibly Greenwich’s first roof garden. It all looked very medieval and has been claimed to be influential in the beginning of the Gothic revival in the 19th Century. I am glad that Vanbrugh Castle itself remains to this day (if vastly altered on the interior, presumably) but that makes me even sadder about what is not left. Vanbrugh built a row of about 5 follies in his back garden, placed prettily down the hill to a ‘fortified’ gatehouse at the road. It must have looked fantastic. It was meant to impress visitors who would travel past each of them as they wound up their own private road just to the east of Maze Hill. Romantic names like “The Nunnery” and “Mince Pie House” (clearly Vanbrugh had a bit of a thing for pies, and let’s face it, who doesn’t?) and “The White Towers” conjure images that can only be imagined today as I am pretty convinced none of them exist any more (please tell me I’m wrong and someone has one of these in their back garden…) The Castle, at least, survives, albeit divided into apartments. I cannot comment on the interior as I have never seen it. Maybe you can fill me in? The yellow stock bricks have darkened with age, but that imposing frontage is still with us. Thank heavens.	i don't know
What flavour are Smiths Frazzles	Smiths Frazzles Snacks product reviews and price comparison Disadvantages A very tasty savoury snack! Although I have quite a sweet tooth I also enjoy eating the odd packet of crisp or savoury snack. One that I purchased recently was Frazzles which are crispy bacon flavoured corn snacks. When I spotted them I just had to buy them as they reminded me of being little again plus the fact that I love anything bacon flavoured. I purchased a multi-pack of the Smiths Frazzles from my local Iceland store where they were on special offer for just £1.00 for a bag of 6 individual packets. The frazzles come packaged in a burgundy coloured foil packet with has the smith's logo in the top corner and a picture of the frazzles on the front. On the back of the packet you can find more detailed information about the Frazzles including full ingredients listings, nutritional information and allergy advice. It also states that the frazzles although bacon flavoured are in fact still suitable for vegetarians. As with any crisps or savoury snacks they are not the healthiest option but I like to have the odd treat every now and again and these do contain less calories and fat than some others do now. Each individual packet from a multi-pack contains the following nutritional information: Calories - 113 Saturates - 0.5g Salt - 0.66g As soon as you open the packet you can smell the quite strong bacon flavour which smells lovely and certainly makes my mouth water. The frazzles are rectangular in shape with ridges that run along them. The frazzles are a yellowish colour with a reddish brown stripe to make them look like rashers of streaky bacon. They are very crisp and crunchy in texture and have a lovely strong bacon flavour. Personally I don't think you can tell that they actually don't contain any bacon at all and they don't taste at all artificial. I think the only think that I find a little annoying about these frazzles is that they do stick to your teeth when eating them but as they taste so good I try not to let this put me off!	crispy bacon
Before committing suicide, how many times did US Park Ranger Roy Smith survive being struck by lightning	Smith's Frazzles Crispy Bacon Flavor From the UK \| Global Bacon - YouTube Smith's Frazzles Crispy Bacon Flavor From the UK \| Global Bacon Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 2, 2015 Smith's Frazzles Cripsy Bacon Flavor From the UK \| Global Bacon I do not own the rights to the logos and images on these packages and rights are reserved to their respected owners. Follow us on Instagram! Berkshire Bacon Lover is in no way associated with the product(s) featured on our show. Category	i don't know
Who played the title role in the TV sitcom Citizen Smith	BBC - Comedy - My Family - The Cast My Family Played By: Robert Lindsay Also seen in: Citizen Smith , GBH, Hornblower, A Very Social Secretary Other Stuff: Robert Lindsay has one son and one daughter - Sydney and Sam. It’s now 25 years since he first appeared as Wolfie in Citizen Smith - his last sitcom before My Family. His real name is Robert Lindsay Stevenson. Susan Harper Played By: Zoë Wanamaker Also seen in: Prime Suspect, Gormenghast , Harry Potter, Doctor Who, Johnny and the Bomb Other Stuff: Zoë was born in New York but grew up in England after her father was blacklisted during the McCarthy persecutions. Nick Harper Also seen in: My Life in Film , Funland , Je T'aime John Wayne, Iris, Love Actually. Other Stuff: Kris Marshall once had a job in children’s theatre, when he had to dress up as large, fluffy owl. Janey Harper Played By: Daniela Denby-Ashe Also seen in: EastEnders, Office Gossip, Ab Fab. Other Stuff: Daniela appeared in an episode of Absolutely Fabulous as Saffy’s (future) daughter, Victoria. Michael Harper Played By: Gabriel Thomson Also seen in: Great Expectations, Enemy At The Gates, The New Adventures of Pinocchio. Other Stuff: Gabriel Thomson’s acting debut came at the age of four, when he appeared in a Frosties commercial. Abi Harper Occupation: Student Played By: Siobhan Hayes Also seen in: Little Britain, Cry Wolf, The Bill, Eastenders, Starting Out, Birds of a Feather. Other Stuff: Siobhan appeared in three series of the Radio 4 comedy drama Absolute Power with Stephen Fry.	Robert Lindsay
"Which musical instrument is associated with jazz musician Willie ""The Lion"" Smith"	Robert Lindsay - TV.com Robert Lindsay 12/13/1949, Ilkeston, Derbyshire, England, UK Birth Name Welcome to Robert Lindsay's guide. More coming soon... S 2: Ep 10 Codename: Last Scupper 12/21/12 S 2: Ep 9 Codename: Pulp Friction 12/14/12 S 2: Ep 8 Codename: Double Oh 12/7/12 S 2: Ep 7 Codename: Ball Busted 11/30/12 S 2: Ep 6 Codename: Citizen Lame 11/23/12 S 10: Ep 8 Mary Christmas 12/24/10 S 10: Ep 7 Ben Behaving Badly 8/27/10 S 10: Ep 1 Wheelie Ben 7/9/10 S 9: Ep 10 2039: A Christmas Oddity 12/24/09 S 9: Ep 3 A Very Brief Encounter 4/16/09 S 1: Ep 4 The Hollow Men 11/6/05 S 1: Ep 3 To Murder and Create 10/30/05 S 1: Ep 2 The Killing of Johnny Swann 10/23/05 S 1: Ep 1 A Pair of Ragged Claws 10/16/05 S 1: Ep 7 The Hoover Dam 10/16/03 S 1: Ep 6 The Panama Canal 10/9/03 S 1: Ep 5 The Sewer King 10/2/03 S 1: Ep 4 Transcontinental Railway 9/25/03 S 1: Ep 3 The Bell Rock Lighthouse 9/18/03 S 3: Ep 2 Duty 1/6/03 S 3: Ep 1 Loyalty 1/5/03 S 2: Ep 2 Retribution 3/25/01 S 2: Ep 1 Mutiny 3/24/01 S 1: Ep 26 Rabbit's Greatest Hits 5/2/02 S 1: Ep 25 Simon Acts Up 4/25/02 S 1: Ep 24 Lucy Faces the Music 4/18/02 S 1: Ep 23 Terrapin out of His Shell 4/11/02 S 1: Ep 22 Wolf's Grave Fears 4/4/02 S 1: Ep 4 "In Which All Is Revealed..." 12/19/99 S 2: Ep 7 Someone to Watch Over Me 2/10/93 S 2: Ep 6 King Lear II 2/3/93 S 2: Ep 5 Reach for the Sky 1/27/93 S 2: Ep 4 All at Sea 1/20/93 S 2: Ep 3 Crime and Punishment 1/13/93 S 1: Ep 7 Over and Out 7/18/91 S 1: Ep 6 Message Understood 7/11/91 S 1: Ep 5 Message Received 7/4/91 S 1: Ep 4 Message Sent 6/27/91 S 1: Ep 3 Send a Message to Michael 6/20/91 S 4: Ep 8 Buon Natale 12/31/80 S 3: Ep 3 Only Fools and Horses 9/27/79 S 1: Ep 8 A Story For Christmas 12/22/77 S 1: Ep 5 The Hostage 12/1/77 S 1: Ep 3 Abide with Me 11/17/77 S 4: Ep 7 Sweet Sorrow 7/4/80 S 4: Ep 6 Casablanca Was Never Like This 6/27/80 S 4: Ep 5 Prisoners 6/20/80 S 4: Ep 4 The Letter of the Law 6/13/80 S 4: Ep 3 The Final Try 6/6/80 S 4: Ep 6 Exam Results 7/21/77 S 4: Ep 4 Crash Exercise 7/7/77 S 4: Ep 3 Blackpool 6/30/77 S 4: Ep 2 New Room-Mate 6/23/77 S 4: Ep 1 Cards 6/16/77 S 1: Ep 3 Medical 10/30/75 S 2: Ep 9 Battle of the Three Armies 1/31/16 S 2: Ep 8 Do the D'DEW 1/24/16 S 2: Ep 7 Love and Death 1/24/16 S 1: Ep 35 Much Ado About Nothing 12/22/84 S 1: Ep 28 Cymbeline 7/10/83 S 1: Ep 21 A Midsummer Night's Dream 12/13/81 S 1: Ep 15 All's Well That Ends Well 1/4/81 S 2: Ep 6 About Last Knight 1/17/16 S 2: Ep 5 Giants vs. Dwarves 1/17/16 S 2: Ep 4 Bewitched, Bothered and Belittled 1/10/16 S 2: Ep 3 Aw, Hell, the King 1/10/16 S 6: Ep 4 25 January 2014 1/25/14 S 1: Ep 10 The Price of Hope 12/7/13 S 2: Ep 2 Episode 2.2 10/2/11 S 2: Ep 26 11th March, 2007 3/11/07 S 2: Ep 6 Episode 6: Jonathan Ross 10/19/06 S 3: Ep 2 Robert Lindsay 9/13/06 S 5: Ep 6 Schmoozin' 11/28/03 S 11: Ep 5 2000 [2 Parts] 11/17/00 S 7: Ep 12 Ear Today... Gone Tomorrow 7/12/96 S 2: Ep 54 Episode 104 3/19/92 S 32: Ep 22 Robert Lindsay 3/18/92 S 4: Ep 3 Our Speaker Today 4/24/77 S 3: Ep 3 Pop Goes the Weasel 7/28/75 S 7: Ep 8 What's Op Doc? 6/15/75 S 3: Ep 8 An Audience With Bruce Forsyth 2/1/97 Become a contributor Important: You must only upload images which you have created yourself or that you are expressly authorised or licensed to upload. By clicking "Publish", you are confirming that the image fully complies with TV.com’s Terms of Use and that you own all rights to the image or have authorization to upload it. Please read the following before uploading Do not upload anything which you do not own or are fully licensed to upload. The images should not contain any sexually explicit content, race hatred material or other offensive symbols or images. Remember: Abuse of the TV.com image system may result in you being banned from uploading images or from the entire site – so, play nice and respect the rules! Choose background:	i don't know
George Smith was the first man convicted of this offence in 1897 but there have been many more since	Londoner George Smith gets caught driving drunk - Sep 10, 1897 - HISTORY.com Londoner George Smith gets caught driving drunk Share this: Londoner George Smith gets caught driving drunk Author Londoner George Smith gets caught driving drunk URL Publisher A+E Networks On September 10, 1897, a London cabdriver named George Smith slams his taxi into a building and is the first person to be arrested for drunk driving. He pled guilty and was fined 25 shillings. Police officers knew that Smith was drunk because he acted drunk (he had driven that cab into a wall, after all) and because he said he was, but what they lacked was a scientific way to prove someone was too intoxicated to drive, even if he or she wouldn’t admit it. Blood tests were soon introduced, but those were messy and needed to be performed by a doctor; there were urine tests, but those were even messier, not to mention unreliable and expensive. In 1931, a toxicologist at Indiana University named Rolla Harger came up with a solution–a device he called the Drunkometer. It was simple: all the suspected drinker had to do was blow into a balloon. The tester then attached the balloon to a tube filled with a purple fluid (potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid) and released its air into the tube. Alcohol on a person’s breath changed the color of the fluid from purple to yellow; the quicker the change, the drunker the person. The Drunkometer was effective but cumbersome, and it required a certain amount of scientific calculation to determine just how much alcohol a person had consumed. In 1954, another Indianan named Robert Borkenstein invented a device that was more portable and easier to use. Borkenstein’s machine, the Breathalyzer, worked much like Harger’s did–it measured the amount of alcohol in a person’s breath–but it did the necessary calculations automatically and thus could not be foiled or tampered with. (One tipsy Canadian famously ate his underwear while waiting to take a Breathalyzer test because he believed that the cotton would somehow absorb the alcohol in his system. It did not.) The Breathalyzer soon became standard equipment in every police car in the nation. Even in the age of the Breathalyzer, drunk driving remained a problem. In 2007, more than 1.4 million drivers were arrested for driving while intoxicated, and a Centers for Disease Control survey found that Americans drove drunk 159 million times. That same year, about 13,000 people–more than 30 percent of all traffic fatalities–died in accidents involving a drunk driver. Related Videos	Driving under the influence
In the 1880's what did Smiths Patent Germ Bread change its name to	Cases - statutory interpretation Cases - statutory interpretation Whole case here ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ intention of Parliament ï¿½ precedent use of Practice Statement] D, known as the Lotto rapist (convicted of several sexual assaults, including rape) attempted to rape V in 1989. He was given a life sentence. At that time, he was not worth suing for damages. In 2004, on day release from prison he bought a lottery ticket and won ï¿½7 million. So in 2005, V sued for personal injury, but the claim was rejected by the High Court because her claim had been brought after the six-year limit imposed by the Limitation Act 1980. Held: A compensation claim against D could go to the High Court for hearing. The Limitation Act 1980 requires a claimant to bring an action against her assailant for injury within 6 years. However, Parliament could not have intended to exclude those who had been intentionally injured. Otherwise anomalies would arise such as S v W (child abuse: damages) [1995], in which it was held that a claimant suing out of time was able to pursue a claim against her mother for failing to protect her against sexual abuse by her father, but not a claim against the father himself. The lower courts considered themselves bound by Stubbings v Webb [1993] HL in which it was held that the flexibility provided for elsewhere in the Act did not apply to a case of deliberate assault, including acts of indecent assault. The claimant contended that Stubbings v Webb had been wrongly decided and that the House should depart from it. She relied, inter alia, on the Law Commission's report (Law Com No 270) which recommended a uniform regime for personal injuries, whether the claim was made in negligence or trespass to the person. Courts had a discretion under s 33 of the Act to extend the time in the claimants' favour. Time ran from when the claimant knew of the injury, which was both a subjective and objective test not whether the claimant considered it serious enough to justify proceedings but whether she would 'reasonably' have done so. Once it had been ascertained what the claimant knew and what she should be treated as having known, the actual claimant dropped out of the picture. Stubbings v Webb [1993] HL overruled; Letang v Cooper [1964] approved. KR v Bryn Alyn Community (Holdings) Ltd (in liq) [2003] All ER (D) 101 (Jun) disapproved. Claimant won Abley v Dale (1851) Jervis CJ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the Literal Rule] "If the precise words used are plain and unambiguous, in our judgment we are bound to construe them in their ordinary sense, even though it does lead to an absurdity or manifest injustice" ^ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the Golden Rule] Adler gained access to a RAF station (a prohibited place within the meaning of the Official Secrets Act 1920) and was actually within its boundaries. He obstructed a member of Her Majesty's forces engaged in security duty in relation to the station ï¿½in the vicinity of a prohibited placeï¿½ He argued that, as he was actually in the prohibited place, he could not be said to be "in the vicinity" of the prohibited place. Held: The defendant was guilty of the offence because "in the vicinity of" should be interpreted to mean on or near the prohibited place. Allen v Emerson [1944] QBD ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ ejusdem generis] Concerning whether a ï¿½funfairï¿½ was a place of amusement. There must be at least two specific words in a list before the general word or phrase for this rule to operate. Held: The phrase ï¿½theatre or other place of public entertainmentï¿½ includes a funfair even though it was not of the same kind as theatres. Allen, R v [1985] HL ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids - reports of official commissions and committees] Recommendations made by committees are often implemented, even if only to a limited degree, by legislation. Whether such reports could be considered by the court in order to interpret legislation was considered in this case. Held: the House considered a report of the Criminal Law Revision Committee in order to discover the mischief, but it stressed that the report had only been used to determine the mischief to be averted not to interpret the meaning of s.3(1) of the Theft Act 1978. ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ presumptions, Parliament does not intend to oust the jurisdiction of the courts] A statute said that "decisions" of the Commission should "not be called in question in any court". The commission had a duty under the Foreign Compensation Act 1950 to determine the compensation payable to those whose property had been lost when the Egyptian government nationalised the Suez Canal in 1956. Held: Despite this clear and unambiguous provision the court contrived to preserve their jurisdiction, they claimed the decision was ultra vires, and hence void and no "decision" at all. That decision demonstrated two things: that Parliament's power and supremacy depend on the enforcement of its statutes and Sovereignty depends on the acquiescence of the courts to the power of Parliament. [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ application of the mischief rule] Information about how the verdict was reached in a criminal trial was disclosed by jurors to someone. This person passed the information on to a journalist. The journalist's article was published by a newspaper. The issue was whether it also prohibited publication of the information in a newspaper. It was submitted that Contempt of Court Act applied only to direct contact by or with the jury Held: The argument was rejected. The meaning that was to be given to the word "disclose" in section 8(1) was considered. Lord Lowry sought to identify the mischief which the Act was designed to remedy. He drew attention a sentence in the Report of the Departmental Committee on Jury Service (1965): "we agree with those of our witnesses who argued that if such disclosures were to be made, particularly to the Press, jurors would no longer feel free to express their opinions frankly when the verdict was under discussion, for fear that what they said later might be made public." Later he quoted with approval a passage from a judgment by Beldam LJ: "Section 8 is aimed at keeping the secrets of the jury room inviolate in the interests of justice. We believe that it would only be by giving it an interpretation which would emasculate Parliament's purpose that it could be held that the widespread disclosure in this case did not infringe the section." Attorney Generalï¿½s Reference (No 1) [1988] HL ^[Statutory interpretation - meaning of the word "obtained" - use of Contextual Approach] D was acquitted of "insider dealing". The issue was whether he had "obtained" information, which should not be used for trading. There was a narrow meaning which meant "passively receiving" and a wider meaning "actively getting". Held: Parliament must have intended "obtained" to have a wide enough meaning to include its secondary or general meaning of coming into possession of a thing without effort on one's own part. The court interpreted the word "obtained" by following clear steps in the speech of Lord Lowry; First, literal approach was rejected. Second, the purposive approach appeared not to be applicable and was rejected. Thirdly, acknowledging Cross's approach, they used the approach used in Black-Clawson , to decide which of two meanings was correct. Not guilty Comment: The trial judge took the view that as it was a penal statute it should be narrowly construed, although in recent years that approach has given way to a purposive approach. Whole case here ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ presumptions ï¿½ mens rea required in criminal offences] D a 15 year old boy sat next to a girl aged 13 on a bus and incited her to commit an act of gross indecency (a "shiner" = oral sex). The Crown argued that Parliament had intended the offence to be one of strict liability. Held: D was entitled to be acquitted of the offence if he held an honest belief that the child in question was 14 or over, and that the prosecution had the burden of proving the absence of honest belief on the defendant's part. Lord Nicholls said it was accepted that D honestly believed V was over 14, and in the light of modern authorities it made no difference whether or not this belief was reasonable. The offence was a serious one, and the presumption that serious criminal offences require proof of mens rea should prevail. Bentham, R v (2003) CA ^[Statutory Interpretation - the Purposive Approach] D robbed A, whom he believed owed him money. A was still in bed. The defendant pointed his finger, covered by his jacket at A and demanded ï¿½every penny in the houseï¿½. A believed his fingers were a gun. Held: A purposive approach had to be adopted. Section 17 of the Firearms Act 1968 was clearly designed to protect the victim confronted with what he thought was a firearm. It did not matter whether it was a plastic gun or a biro or simply anorak material stiffened by a figure. If it had the appearance of a firearm the jury were entitled to find the offence made out. Bill of Rights 1689 [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ courts cannot review Parliamentï¿½s decisions] An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown. ï¿½That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliamentï¿½ International Ltd v Papierwerke Waldhof-Aschaffenberg AG [1975] HL ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids - reports of official commissions and committees] Recommendations made by committees are often implemented, even if only to a limited degree, by legislation. Whether such reports could be considered by the court in order to interpret legislation was considered in this case. Held: The report of the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Committee 1932 could be considered in order to ascertain the mischief to be averted, but the majority stressed that such reports could not be used to interpret the meaning of the words. Lord Reid said: 'We often say that we are looking for the intention of Parliament, but that is not quite accurate. We are seeking the meaning of the words which Parliament used. We are seeking not what Parliament meant but the true meaning of what they said. ...I have more than once drawn attention to the practical difficulties... but the difficulty goes deeper. Questions which give rise to debate are rarely those which later have to be decided by the courts. One might take the views of the promoters of a Bill as an indication of the intention of Parliament but any view the promoters may have about the questions which later come before the court will not often appear in Hansard and often those questions have never occurred to the promoters. At best we might get material from which a more or less dubious inference might be drawn as to what the promoters intended or would have intended if they had thought about the matter, and it would, I think, generally be dangerous to attach weight to what some other members of either House may have said... in my view, our best course is to adhere to present practice.' Blake, R v [1997] CA ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ presumptions ï¿½ mens rea required in criminal offences] This presumption can be rebutted where for example the statute is concerned with an issue of public safety. So D was convicted of broadcasting without a licence because the broadcasts could have interfered with the emergency services and air traffic controllers. ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ must be consistent with EC Law] Lord Denning ï¿½But when we come to matters with a European element, the treaty is like an incoming tide. It flows into the estuaries and up the rivers. It cannot be held back. Parliament has decreed that the treaty is henceforward to be part of our law. It is equal in force to any statute.ï¿½ Bolton School v Evans [2006] CA (Civil Division) ^[Statutory Interpretation ï¿½ purposive approach] D employed Mr Evans as a technology teacher. He was dismissed from his job after he hacked into the schoolï¿½s computer system to demonstrate that security was inadequate. Before doing so he informed the head of the department. He was given a formal warning for hacking into the system. He resigned and claimed constructive unfair dismissal. He claimed he had made a protected disclosure under the Employment Rights Act . Mr Evans argued that his the course of conduct as a whole should be regarded as an act of disclosure and accordingly the hacking into the computer system had been part of the protected disclosure. Held: Disclosure was a common word and Parliament did not intend to add some special meaning to the word. The tribunalï¿½s approach was wrongly based on a purposive interpretation of the legislation and not based on the wording of the statute. D won ^[Statutory interpretation - juries - Contempt of Court Act is addressed to third parties not the court] Connor and Rollock committed wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm by stabbing V. Mirza committed indecent assault over a period of time against a girl aged 6 until she was 15/16. During both trials there were irregularities concerning the juries. In Connor's case a jury member sent a letter to the judge (after verdict but before sentence) saying that the deliberations included discussion that to find both guilty... "would teach them a lesson, things in this life were not fair and sometimes innocent people would have to pay the price"... and that if they didn't find both guilty they would be deliberating for another week. In Mirza's case the jury appeared to have doubts about D using a court interpreter despite being resident in the UK or 13 years, they sent two notes to the judge to clarify their doubts (one after verdict but before sentence), D's barrister also received a letter from a juror which told him the jury thought the use of the interpreter was a ploy, and she described some of the jury deliberations Held: By a 4-1 majority the appeals were dismissed. Their Lordships affirmed the principle that not even appeal judges can inquire into the deliberations of jurors. But, a court cannot be in contempt of itself. Section 8(1) is addressed to third parties who can be punished for contempt, and not to the court which has the responsibility of ensuring that the defendant receives a fair trial. It is going too far to suggest, as the Court of Appeal appears to have done in R v Young (Stephen), that the trial court will be in contempt of itself if during the trial, having received allegations, it investigates them and discloses the result of these investigations to counsel. DC [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ mischief rule] D was in charge of a bicycle whilst drunk. It is an offence to be drunk in charge of carriage Held: a bicycle is a "carriage" the mischief was drunks on the highway being in charge of transport Guilty HL [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids - earlier Acts not available following Consolidation Act] D was sitting in a stationary car. He had the ignition key with him and was very drunk, he was arrested and breathalysed. He successfully relied on the defence that there was no likelihood of his driving the car so long as he remained unfit to drive (since changed). He was convicted of failing to supply a sample of urine and was fined ï¿½10. He appealed on the grounds that as the first count failed to prove he was in charge of the vehicle he should be acquitted of the second. Held: The Act was badly drafted and produced some odd consequences. Lord Diplock "[where] the actual words are clear and unambiguous in their meaning it is not permissible to have recourse to the corresponding provisions in the earlier Act repealed by the consolidation Act and to treat any difference in their wording as capable of casting doubt on what is clear and unambiguous language in the consolidation Act itself." "... in the instant case, ... the actual words are clear and unambiguous in their meaning it is not permissible to have recourse to the corresponding provisions in the earlier Act repealed by the consolidation Act and to treat any difference in their wording as capable of casting doubt on what is clear and unambiguous language in the consolidation Act itself" Guilty Confusion over which dogs were included. More detail on dangerous dogs, here Davis v Johnson [1979] CA ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids - Parliamentary debates] The traditional rule that the courts could not consider parliamentary debates in order to interpret legislation, was considered to discover whether the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1976 protected cohabitees as well as wives. Lord Denning considered the parliamentary debates reported in Hansard and stated:- "Some may say, and indeed have said, that judges should not pay any attention to what is said in Parliament. They should grope about in the dark for the meaning of an Act without switching on the light. I do not accede to this view. ... It is obvious that there is nothing to prevent a judge looking at these debates himself privately and getting some guidance from them. Although it may shock the purists, I may as well confess that I have sometimes done it. I have done it in this very case. It has thrown a flood of light on the position. The statements made in committee disposed completely of counsel for the respondent's argument before us." However, his colleague Cumming-Bruce LJ retorted:- "I am not alarmed by the criticism that I am a purist who prefers to shut his eyes to the guiding light shining in the reports of parliamentary debates in Hansard." Held: He was wrong to have consulted Hansard. Lord Scarman: "There are two good reasons why the courts should refuse to have regard to what is said in Parliament or by Ministers as aids to the interpretations of a statute. First, such material is an unreliable guide to the meaning of what is enacted. It promotes confusion not clarity... Secondly, counsel are not permitted to refer to Hansard in argument. So long as this rule is maintained by Parliament (it is not the creation of the judges) it must be wrong for the judge to make any judicial use of proceedings in Parliament for the purpose of interpreting statutes." Whole case here ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ words given their ordinary meaning ï¿½ intrinsic aids ï¿½ other sections of the same legislation] D the airline companies. The claimants suffered the effects of deep vein thrombosis which occurred during otherwise uneventful long flights. The only issue was whether the illness amounted to an ï¿½accidentï¿½ under the Warsaw Convention 1929; if it did then those effected would be entitled to compensation. Held: The language of the Convention itself must always be the starting point. The ï¿½accidentï¿½ which causes the injury must be something other than the injury itself. The word ï¿½accidentï¿½ had to be contrasted with the word ï¿½occurrenceï¿½ found in other sections of the treaty. Full report here ^[Statutory interpretation- meaning of ï¿½Lossï¿½] Mr Dunnachie had been constructively and unfairly dismissed. He had been subjected to a prolonged campaign of harassment, so claimed additional compensation for distress etc. For 30 years the law has been that compensation for ï¿½Lossï¿½ meant pecuniary loss (for example loss of earnings) (the current legislation the Employment Rights Act 1996, s 123). The CofA decided that was wrong. Held: Norton Tool Co Ltd v Tewson [1972] had been correctly decided and embraced only quantifiable pecuniary losses. Lord Hoffman's comments in Johnson v Unisys were mere obiter. Damages for non-financial loss (e.g. injury to feelings) cannot be awarded in unfair dismissal cases. C lost [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ ] Lord Diplock; "Parliament makes the laws, the judiciary interpret them. When Parliament legislates to remedy what the majority of its members at the time perceive to be a defect or a lacuna in the existing law (whether it be the written law enacted by existing statutes or the unwritten common law as it has been expounded by the judges in decided cases), the role of the judiciary is confined to ascertaining from the words that Parliament has approved as expressing its intention what that intention was, and to giving effect to it. Where the meaning of the statutory words is plain and unambiguous it is not for the judges to invent fancied ambiguities as an excuse for failing to give effect to its plain meaning because they themselves consider that the consequences of doing so would be inexpedient, or even unjust or immoral. In controversial matters such as are involved in industrial relations there is room for differences of opinion as to what is expedient, what is just and what is morally justifiable. Under our Constitution it is Parliamentï¿½s opinion on these matters that is paramount." "If this be the case it is for Parliament, not for the judiciary, to decide whether any changes should be made to the law as stated in the Act." Lord Scarman; ï¿½If Parliament says one thing but means another, it is not, under the historic principles of the comï¿½mon law, for the courts to correct itï¿½We are to be governed not by Parliamentï¿½s intentions but by Parliamentï¿½s enactmentsï¿½. Ch Div ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids -dictionaries and other literary sources] The court preferred the third definition of infirmity given by the Oxford English Dictionary that is relating to illness, to the first definition which defined infirmity as a weakness or want of strength. [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ purposive construction preferred ] Mr Fothergill, in March 1975 arrived at Luton airport the contents of his luggage was missing, he did not complain within the required 7 days. Held: Although on a literal interpretation in an English legal context 'loss' was to be differentiated from 'damage', that was not an appropriate method of interpretation of an international convention, such as the Warsaw Convention, which was incorporated by statute into English law. Instead, a purposive construction was to be adopted. Lord Diplock drew attention to the importance of this aspect of the rule of law; "The source to which Parliament must have intended the citizen to refer is the language of the Act itself. These are the words which Parliament has itself approved as accurately expressing its intentions. If the meaning of those words is clear and unambiguous and does not lead to a result that is manifestly absurd or unreasonable, it would be a confidence trick by Parliament and destructive of all legal certainty if the private citizen could not rely upon that meaning but was required to search through all that had happened before and in the course of the legislative process in order to see whether there was anything to be found from which it could be inferred that Parliament's real intention had not been accurately expressed by the actual words that Parliament had adopted to communicate it to those affected by the legislation.ï¿½ Where the text of an international convention is printed in another language as well as English, the courts may consider the text in the other language where the English text is ambiguous. Fulling, R v [1987] CA ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids -dictionaries and other literary sources] The word 'oppression' in s.76(2) of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 should be given its ordinary dictionary meaning and adopted the third definition of that word provided by the Oxford English Dictionary. Picture courtesy of Yamaha ^[Statutory interpretation - common meaning of words] D was riding a "Waverunner" jet ski which collided with another jet ski, whose rider was seriously injured. At trial a jet ski was held to be a ï¿½shipï¿½ and was subject to Section 58 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. Held: To suggest a jet ski - a ï¿½wet bikeï¿½ called a Waverunner - was a ship was worthy of comic fiction. The Court of Appeal considered the question and determined that it was neither used in navigation nor was it sea-going. On none of the points did it find the jet ski was a ï¿½shipï¿½. Nor they said could it be described as a vessel. Not guilty Comment: Even though they said that the suggestion that the Waverunner was a sea-going ship is worthy of A.P.Herbert, the matter is to be allowed to go to the Lords. ^ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ Ejusdem generis ] According to the Sunday Observance Act 1677 "no tradesman, artificer, workman, labourer or other person whatsoever" shall work on a Sunday. Thus the Act did not apply to estate agents because 'other person whatsoever' was interpreted to mean those doing similar jobs to those mentioned. ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ literal construction] On interpreting the meaning of a will that required a relative to die 'and' not have children. Lord Wensleydale "It is 'the universal rule', that in construing statutes, as well as in construing all other written instruments 'the grammatical and ordinary sense of the word is 'to be adhered to, unless that would lead to some absurdity, or some repugnance or inconsistency with the rest of the instrument, in which case the grammatical and ordinary sense of the words may be modified, so as to avoid that absurdity ad inconsistency, but no further'. Whole case here: Heydon's Case (1584) 3 Co Rep 7a, Moore KB 128, 76 ER 637, 21 Digest (Repl) 652, 1424 Cited in Applin [Statutory interpretation - the criteria for the Mischief Rule] Lord Coke in Sir John Heydon's Case: Statutes in the 16th century and for long thereafter in addition to the enacting words contained lengthy preambles reciting the particular mischief or defect in the common law that the enacting words were designed to remedy. So, when it was laid down, the 'mischief' rule did not require the court to travel beyond the actual words of the statute itself to identify 'the mischief and defect for which the common law did not provide', for this would have been stated in the preamble. 1. What was common law before the Act? 2. What was the mischief for which the existing law did not provide? 3. What remedy has Parliament decided upon? 4. Judge should make such constructions on the Act to suppress the mischief and subtle inventions and evasions for continuance of the mischief, according to the true intent of the makers of the Act. "For the sure and true interpretation of all statutes in general (be they penal or beneficial, restrictive or enlarging of the common law), four things are to be discerned and considered: (1st). What was the common law before the making of the Act? (2nd). What was the mischief and defect for which the common law did not provide. (3rd). What remedy the Parliament hath resolved and appointed to cure the disease of the commonwealth. And, (4th). The true reason of the remedy; and then the office of all the judges is always to make such construction as shall suppress the mischief, and advance the remedy, and to suppress subtle inventions and evasions for continuance of the mischief, and pro privato commodo, and to add force and life to the cure and remedy, according to the true intent of the makers of the Act, pro bono publico" UDC (1973) CA ^ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids -The Interpretation Act 1978] Could "land" include buildings for the purposes of compulsory purchase? The Interpretation Act said that land included buildings unless stated otherwise, so the buildings were purchased According to the Public Heath Act 1936 the Council had the authority to build a public sewer: "in, on or over any land not forming part of a street." The most economical construction of the sewer would entail demolishing the claimant's bungalow, but the claimant argued that the word 'land' did not include buildings and so that the Council had no authority to compulsorily purchase and demolish his home. Held: the word 'land' could include buildings and so that the claimant's bungalow could be compulsorily purchased. v First Choice Distribution (2000) HL ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½The Purposive approach and the Integrated approach ï¿½ presumptions, gaps are ultra vires ] A Dutch company (S), applied to the High Court for an order to stay proceedings brought against it by I Ltd on the grounds that they had agreed to refer to arbitration. The judge dismissed that application, and refused permission to appeal. Accordingly, S asked the Court of Appeal to grant permission. Section 18 (1)(g) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, when read literally and in isolation, appears to prohibit appeals to the Court of Appeal from the High Court: 'No appeal shall lie to the Court of Appealï¿½ from any decision of the High Court under that Part.' Held: Lord Nicholls: "I freely acknowledge that this interpretation of s 18(1)(g) involves reading words into the paragraph. It has long been established that the role of the courts in construing legislation is not confined to resolving ambiguities in statutory language. The court must be able to correct obvious drafting errors. In suitable cases, in discharging its interpretative function the court will add words, or omit words or substitute words" "This power is confined to plain cases of drafting mistakes. The courts are ever mindful that their constitutional role in this field is interpretative. They must abstain from any course which might have the appearance of judicial legislation. A statute is expressed in language approved and enacted by the legislature." The phrase ï¿½from any decision of the High Court under that Partï¿½ was to be read as meaning ï¿½from any decision of the High Court under a section in that Part which provides for an appeal from such decisionï¿½. Although such a construction involved reading words into para (g), that approach to statutory interpretation was permissible where the court was abundantly sure of three matters, namely the intended purpose of the statute or provision in question, that the draftsman had inadvertently failed to give effect to that purpose and the substance of the provision Parliament would have made, although not necessarily the precise words it would have used, if the error had been noticed. S won [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ Expressio rule] Inland Revenue Commissioners v Frere [1964] HL [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the Noscitur Rule] ï¿½Interestï¿½ meant annual interest. If the words - ï¿½other annual interestï¿½ ï¿½ had been left out, the interest could have meant any interest - weekly, monthly and so on. ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ presumptions ï¿½ mens rea required in criminal offences] D aged 26 indecently assaulted a girl aged 14 he believed her to be 16 and had no reason to disbelieve her. Held: the prosecution has to prove absence of genuine belief by the defendant that the girl concerned was 16 or over. Lord Bingham said that there was an overriding presumption of statutory interpretation that mens rea was an essential ingredient of all statutory crimes unless Parliament indicated otherwise by express words or by necessary implication. DC [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ golden rule] In order to park in a certain way, permission was required from a policeman in uniform; the defendant was a policeman in uniform. Held; Permission had to be requested (i.e. from someone else). London and North Eastern Railway Company v Berriman (1946) HL [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the Literal Rule] C the widow of a railway worker tried to obtain compensation after her husband was killed by a train, He had been routine maintenance and oiling not ï¿½relaying or repairingï¿½ tracks. So she was not entitled to compensation. Comment: Viscount Simonds 10 years later in Tool Metal Manufacturing Co, Ltd v Tungsten Electric Co, Ltd [1955] HL said he ï¿½did not detract one jot from what I said in London & North Eastern Ry. Co. v Berrimanï¿½ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ literal approach] Lord Reid ï¿½The general principle is well settled. It is only where the words are absolutely incapable of a construction which will accord with the apparent intention of the provision and will avoid a wholly unreasonable result, that the words of the enactment must prevail. ...ï¿½ Maddox v Storer (1963) QBD ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ golden rule] D drove a minibus made to carry 11 people at over 30 mph. Under the Road Traffic Act 1960 it was an offence to drive at more than 30 mph in a vehicle ï¿½adapted to carry more than seven passengersï¿½. Held: ï¿½adapted toï¿½ could be taken to mean ï¿½suitable for' Maginnis, R v (1987) HL ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ literal rule] D was found by police to have cannabis resin his car. He said that the package had been left in his car by a friend for collection later. Did 'temporarily holding drugs on someone else's behalf' - by taking the drugs from them to return them later - amount to an "intent to supply"? Held: The meaning of supply was the ordinary one, although the majority definition did not come from a dictionary. Guilty Magor and St Mellons v Newport [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ purposive approach] Lord Denning; ï¿½We do not sit here to pull the language of Parliament to pieces and make nonsense of it. We sit here to find out the intention of Parliament and carry it out and we do this better by filling in the gaps and making sense of the enactment than by opening it up to destructive analysisï¿½ (He was saying that by applying the literal rule the intention of Parliament could be destroyed). When this case was appealed to the House of Lords, Denningï¿½s approach was considered by Lord Simonds as a ï¿½naked usurpation of the legislative function under the thin guise of interpretationï¿½if a gap is disclosed the remedy lies in an amending Actï¿½. Marleasing v LA Commercial (1992) ECJ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ must be consistent with EC Law] Held: Where national courts have to interpret national law in an area governed by Community law, they must interpret that law in the light of the wording and purpose of the Community legislation, so far as it is possible for them to do so. [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ canons of interpretation ï¿½ literal, golden and mischief rule] Concerned the word "premises" in the law of landlord and tenant. Held: They are not rules as such, but rather are principles of interpretation developed by the courts. Lord Reid "They are not rules in the ordinary sense of having some binding force. They are our servants not our masters. They are aids to construction, presumptions or pointers. Not infrequently one 'rule' points in one direction, another in a different direction. In each case we must look at all relevant circumstances and decide as a matter of judgment what weight to attach to any particular 'rule'." Viscount Dilhorne: "ï¿½Premisesï¿½ is an ordinary word of the English language which takes colour and content from the context in which it is used. A reference to Stroudï¿½s Judicial Dictionary shows this to be the case." Muir v Keay (1875) QBD [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ Noscitur a sociis (words take their meaning from the context) ] D ran premises called The Cafï¿½; it was found open during the night, and seventeen women and twenty men were there. They had been supplied with cigars, coffee, and ginger beer, which they consumed. Held: The house was kept open for public refreshment, resort, and entertainment, and required a licence. Borough of Barnet [1978] CA [Statutory interpretation - purposive approach] Held: Lord Denning MR the purposive approach is one that will "promote the general legislative purpose underlying the provisions" Offences Against the Person Act 1861 [Statutory interpretation - problems with language ï¿½ ambiguous, uncertain, meaning and scope - changes over time.] Drafted nearly 150 years ago uses 'grievous' and 'malicious' which have had to be interpreted as language changes. Pepper (Inspector of Taxes) v Hart [1993] HL ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ extrinsic aids - Parliamentary debatesï¿½ the use of Hansard - the Purposive Approach is preferred] This case concerned the tax liability of teachers at a public school where one of the perks of the job was that their sons could be educated at one fifth of the usual cost. This perk was a taxable benefit under s.61(1) of the Finance Act 1976 as it was a cash equivalent. The question for the House of Lords was how much tax should be levied. Held: responses made by the Financial Secretary to the Treasury during the Committee stage of the bill to queries regarding concessions enjoyed by railway men made it clear that tax should be levied at the marginal cost incurred by the employer. Adopting this interpretation, tax should be assessed on the basis of the marginal cost to the employer, not on the average cost of providing education for the employees' sons and the public. Lord Reid "To apply the words literally is to defeat the obvious intent of the legislature. To achieve the intent and produce a reasonable result we must do some violence to the words" Lord Griffiths "The days have long passed when the courts adopted a strict constructionist view of interpretation which required them to adopt the literal meaning of the language. The courts now adopt a purposive approach which seeks to give effect to the true purpose of legislation and are prepared to look at much extraneous material that bears upon the background against which the legislation was enacted." Lord Browne-Wilkinson; "the purposive approach to construction now adopted by the courts in order to give effect to the true intentions of the legislature". ^[Statutory interpretation - statutory interpretation ï¿½ constructionist approach - use of Hansard- EC Law takes precedence over UK law] D, a mail order company employed C (and 4 others) in a warehouse where they claimed they did work of equal value to male colleagues, but were paid less. They claimed equal pay, relying on the Equal Pay Act 1970, which had been amended by Equal Pay (Amendment) Regulations 1983. Held: Parliamentary debates could be used in interpreting delegated legislation. UK legislation should be interpreted in accordance with EC Law. There is a presumption that Parliament will not pass legislation that would conflict with the UK 's international obligations. The Regulations of 1983 gave full effect to the decision in Commission v UK [1982], and Art 119 EEC Treaty. The draft Regulations were not subject to the same Parliamentary process, as a Bill would have been. Therefore, in the context of section 2 of the European Communities Act 1972 , it permissible to take into account of the draft Regulations presented by the responsible Minister. Whole case here [Statutory Interpretation ï¿½ literal meaning ï¿½ reasonable man in the street approach] D, Her Majestyï¿½s Revenue and Customs (HMCR)imposed VAT on ï¿½[EU Law - article 234 reference - from the Lords] D, Marks and Spencer claim to have overpaid VAT on tea cakes possibly amounting to more than ï¿½3m. This case has already been to the ECJ on one occasion during its 10 year action. Held: Food is in general zero-rated, but, explained Lord Hoffman, there are exceptions. One exception is confectionery. But there is an exception to that exception: cakes or biscuits are in general also zero-rated. There is however an exception to that exception to the exception, namely biscuits wholly or partly covered with chocolate. They are standard-rated. Art 28 of the Sixth Directive being relevant to the directly enforceable right of the taxpayer. Matter referred to ECJ a year later, certified question here . Whole case here Whole case her Pringlesï¿½ made by C. HMCR put Pringles in the category of "potato crisps, potato sticks, potato puffs and similar products made from the potato, or from potato flour, or from potato starch" as contained in the VAT Act 1994. As a result, C was liable to pay 17.5% VAT. Held: Mr Justice Warren: Pringles are not potato crisps because they are not made wholly or exclusively from potato, the potato content is less than 50%, they are also made from dough. Also distinguishing them from crisps is their packaging, and "unnatural shapeï¿½. What Pringles are 'made from' was a question of law; which is found by combining two issues of fact; were they made of mostly of potato, in a way other crisps are made. Regular Pringles are not potato crisps applying these tests. Following the judgment, Pringles, in all flavours are free from Value Added Tax (VAT). Because they are manufactured from dough, ï¿½Pringlesï¿½ are more like a cake or a biscuit. C won. Comment Warren J did not confine his interpretation of the statute to single test ï¿½ for example the literal rule - but also applied EC policy. In addition, he went on to say, ï¿½ï¿½ the reasonable man in the street is not to be removed from the scene by some judicially imposed detention-without-charge. Once he has understood the context in which he is to form a view, the question of similarity is for him.ï¿½ Professor Zander (The Law-Making Process) 1994 "The golden rule is little more than a safety-valve to permit the courts to escape from some of the more unpalatable effects of the literal rule. It cannot be regarded as a sound basis for judicial decision-making." ^[Statutory interpretation - presumptions - legislation is not generally retrospective - HRA not retrospective] The latest decision by the Law Lords in respect of the alleged shoot to kill policy that allegedly operated in Northern Ireland. This alleged policy was investigated both by John Stalker and Colin Sampson. The applicant in this case sought amongst other things a declaration that the failure by the government to hold an Article 2 compliant investigation was unlawful. Article 2 of the Convention concerns the right to life and The European Court of Human Rights has held that by implication article 2 also requires there should be some form of effective official investigation when individuals have been killed as a result of the use of force the obligation to hold an investigation is an obligation triggered by the occurrence of a violent death. Held: The deaths relating to this action occurred 20 years before the Act came into forces. The governmentï¿½s failure to hold an effective official investigation into a violent death caused by a police officer had not breached the Human Rights Act 1998 s. 6(1) since the Act was not retrospective and created no right to investigate deaths which had occurred before its implementation. [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ purposive approach ï¿½ judicial consideration to the effect of their interpretation] The applicant in this case was refused a copy of his birth certificate because he was likely to murder his mother. ï¿½Clearly, in this case, it would be absurd for a court to insist on implementing the clear words used by Parliament without having any thought to the consequences.ï¿½ [Statutory interpretation - The Golden Rule] Lord Blackburn described the golden rule, stating:- "It is to be borne in mind that the office of the judge is not to legislate, but to declare the expressed intention of the legislature even if that expressed intention appeared to the court to be injudicious; and I believe that it is not disputed that what Lord Wensleydale used to call the Golden rule is right viz. that we are to take the whole statute together and construe it all together, giving the words their ordinary significance unless when so applied they produce an inconsistency or an absurdity or inconvenience so great as to convince the court that the intention could not have been to use them in their ordinary signification and to justify the court in putting on them some other significance which though less proper is one which the court thinks the words will bear." Therefore, the golden rule requires that the literal rule should be applied to the statute in the first instance, but that if the literal rule results in an ambiguity or absurdity the court should try to interpret it in another manner so as to avoid the ambiguity or absurdity. Rolls Royce Ltd v Heavylift-Volga Dnepr Ltd (2000) QBD ^[Statutory Interpretation - meaning of common word - aerodrome] D damaged C's goods which fell from a forklift truck whilst being moved from a vehicle at an airport. C argued that the Warsaw Convention 1929, which limited the compensation recoverable, did not apply as the term "aerodrome" used within it had a distinct meaning from "airport". Held: "Aerodrome" was merely an older word for "airport", the carriage of goods by air applied when the goods had been lifted by the forklift truck within the airport with the result that the Convention applied. ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ use of aids ï¿½ literal construction] Lord Evershed: ï¿½..Nowadays, when it is a rare thing to find a preamble in any public general statute, the field of inquiry is even narrower than it was in former times. In the absence of a preamble there can, I think, be only two cases in which it is permissible to depart from the ordinary and natural sense of the words of an enactment. It must be shown either that the words taken in their natural sense lead to some absurdity or that there is some other clause in the body of the Act inconsistent with, or repugnant to, the enactment in question construed in the ordinary sense of the language in which it is expressed." Royal HL [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the Purposive Approach] The five applicants were foreign-born students who applied for, and were refused, local authority grants for their further education. The applicants had all been resident in the United Kingdom for the requisite period but in each case the local education authority claimed that they had not been ï¿½ordinarilyï¿½ resident. Lord Scarman: A purposive interpretation may only be adopted if judges "can find in the statute read as a whole or in material to which they are permitted by law to refer as aids to interpretation an expression of Parliament's purpose or policy" [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ mischief rule] D a prostitute solicited from inside a building to the street. Held: Her activities were in a "street or public place" for the purposes of the Act to avoid the mischief of the effect of soliciting on passers by. SOS for the Environment ex parte Spath Holme, R v (2000) HL [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the purposive approach] Lord Nicholls ï¿½Citizens, with the assistance of their advisers, are intended to be able to understand parliamentary enactments, so that they can regulate their conduct accordingly. They should be able to rely upon what they read in an Act of Parliament. This gives rise to a tension between the need for legal certainty, which is one of the fundamental elements of the rule of law, and the need to give effect to the intention of Parliament, from whatever source that (objectively assessed) intention can be gleaned.ï¿½ [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ the Mischief Rule] Mischief Rule only to be used when the statute is ambiguous. "Acts should be construed according to the intent of Parliament. If the words are clear no more can be done than to use their natural meaning. The words alone do declare the intention of the lawgiver." Tindal CJ 'If the words of the statute are in themselves precise and unambiguous, then no more can be necessary than to expound those words in their natural and ordinary sense. The words themselves alone do, in such case, best declare the intention of the lawgiver'. ^[Statutory interpretation ï¿½ presumption of mens rea in criminal offences] Lord Diplock; The courts will not easily ï¿½infer an intention of Parliament to create offences for which an honest and reasonable mistake was no excuseï¿½. ï¿½ï¿½a general principle of construction of any enactment, which creates a criminal offence [is] that, ï¿½ they are ï¿½ to be read as subject to the implication that a necessary element in the offence is the absence of a belief held honestly and on reasonable grounds in the existence of facts which, if true, would make the act innocent. Telegraph Act 1869 [Problems with language ï¿½ ambiguous, uncertain, meaning and scope - changes over time.] When passed the telephone had not been invented, but judges included telephones when dealing with cases under this Act. [Statutory interpretation ï¿½ Expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the express mention of one member of a class excludes other members of the same class by implication] Held: "goods, wares and merchandise" did not include stocks and shares. The Interpretation of Statutes (Law Com. no. 21, 1969) The Law Commission described the golden rule as "a less explicit form of the mischief rule", because it requires that words be interpreted in the light of their effect. However, it is based on the literal rule and should only be used if the literal rule would lead to absurdity or ambiguity - the question is how absurd or ambiguous must the meaning be before the golden rule is adopted? The answer to that question is that it depends upon the judge concerned, which means that the application of the golden rule is erratic and it is very hard to predict what meaning will be assigned to any given word.	i don't know
At which three day eventing course would you find Tom Smith's Wall and The Quarry	Samantha Clark \| Eventing Nation - Three-Day Eventing News, Results, Videos, and Commentary Burghley Dressage Early Thursday Morning By Samantha Clark on Aug 30, 2012 6:02 am - 290 views Emily Llwellyn produced a lovely test with Pardon Me II at his third Burghley to take an early lead as we go into the coffee break on Thursday morning. Although the crowds are quite small, they are always knowledgeable here at Burghley and the atmosphere in the arena is quite electric; add to that the cool temperatures and a few horses were fairly tense. Andrew Nicholson kept the lid on Calico Joe very well for a score of 53. and his kiwi team mate, Burghley first timer Lucy Jackson did a beautiful test on Willy Do with just a few bobbles to score one penalty better Swedish rider Dag Albert brought an entourage into the collecting ring but seemed happy with Tubber Rebel’s test and here’s Irish Team chef Ginny Eliot going over Louise Lyons’ test with her afterwards Mark Kyle’s brother John predicted this week on the Eventing Radio Show that Step in Time wouldn’t lead the dressage phase, but Mark rode a tactful test on his loyal partner, and I’m looking forward to seeing them go cross country on saturday. Lots more dressage to come, find results here, thanks for joining the Eventing Nation, Go Burghley Three Day Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Aug 29, 2012 1:20 pm - 319 views Mandy Thomas judged the best turned out competition and awarded the honours to William Fox-Pitt and Mary King. Special mention to stylish kiwis Mark Todd and Caroline Powell, Francis Whittington who got a haircut especially, and Americans Sinead Halpin and Kristi Nunnink. Between the breeze and Arthur’s extended trot, Allison may have been regretting her wrap dress, she had to try and hold it closed to save her modesty a couple of times, but if I’m not mistaken it’s her Rolex outfit so let’s hope it brings her the same good luck! The American horses looked super and passed with flying colours – so sorry not to see Sharon White present Rafferty’s Rules, and and there was no sign of Marilyn Little-Meredith or her horse Rovano Rex. Two horses will not go forward to the dressage – The Netherlands’ Merel Blom’s horse Rumor Has It was not accepted from the holding box, and Australia’s Tim Boland withdrew GV Billy Eliot after being held – apparently the horse threw a shoe on Monday. Elizabeth Power’s September Bliss was asked to trot twice and sent to the holding box then accepted, as was Rebecca Crosbie-Starling’s Paddy’s Gold. South African Paul Hart was asked to trot twice but then accepted, and James Adams was sent to the holding box with Pricewise but then accepted upon reexamination. Several of the horses look very fresh – William Fox-Pitt’s Seacookie, Bettina Hoy’s Lanfranco TSF and Sinead’s Manoir de Carneville bucked his way down the lane! Pictures to come later. Update: H&H Jog Report After the trot-up lots of horses were grazed around the three Oympic jumps that are situated right next to the dressage arena, before the official ring familiarisation started. I’ve only managed to walk a portion of the course so far, but according to riders the going is fantastic, and the forecast calls for the rain to ease off by Friday – It’s going to be a fantastic weekend. Thanks for keeping it here at Eventing Nation – Go Burghley Three Day Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Aug 27, 2012 6:12 pm - 74 views Sinead and Tate earlier this summer Thanks again to Sinead for sending us another one of her insightful updates, this time right before one of the biggest events in the world – impeccable timing! We look forward to meeting On Cue, but before that we look forward to cheering Sinead and Tate around Burghley this weekend – Go SHE Eventing! From Sinead: Last year the weekend before Burghley was spent freaking out, watching the course walk over and over, and putting trot up outfits together! This year I decided that after a summer of unknowns I should take life moment by moment. I focused on spending the last weekend before Burghley competing at a BE 100 (aka Training level) event on a lovely new mare, On Cue. Esib Power and I set out on an adventure Saturday morning with high hopes for our youngsters, but leaving behind our no-go Olympic, but Hopeful Burghley Mounts, Seb ( September Bliss) and Tate ( Manoir De Carneville) at the farm under the care of the infamous Irish Sarah (Will Coalman’s and every other upper level rider’s groom at the Olympics!). The lorry ride honestly was delightful…being that I could stomach a delicious Bacon Sandwich! I have been trained, due to this summer’s Events, to have a sick, don’t-even-try-to-eat-anything feeling in my stomach for the last few competitions. Competition at the upper levels is so EXACT…you think and over think everything. “Do I have the right angle in the shoulder in?” ” Is this the right canter for the coffin?” “What if I have the wrong distance into the triple.. it will all fall down .. and then life as we know it will be over! ….. right ;)” Youngsters are simply… reactions. You train tools and then you just wait for the horses’ impressions of a fence and then .. REACT.. it is hard to over think reactions and it is also hard to worry about the unknown when everything is unknown! I loved this Burghley Prep because I just got down to basics, reactions and loving the sport. Burghley is an unknown but I am going to TRY and not freak out, get to the basics and count on good reactions! Cheers to EVENTING, and part of On Cue will be available soon for syndication ( if you love her radar ears, call me!). Let’s get to know Caroline Martin By Samantha Clark on Aug 27, 2012 12:00 pm - 1,023 views Caroline Martin may be US Eventing’s answer to Reed Kessler, the seventeen year old darling of the show-jumping world; she’s young, talented and absolutely charming to boot. I met her at Richland and found out a little bit more about her horses, her plans for the future, and yes, she has been practicing hard for the bareback puissance at Plantation! http://youtu.be/-Fp1Eh6fOTg By Samantha Clark on Aug 27, 2012 6:12 am - 246 views All hail the (CIC* Dressage) Queen! Becky Holder ruled the Richland Park CIC, leading from start to finish for an immensely popular win, and underlining her fabulous form by also taking second place for good measure. The tiara was awarded to her in addition to wads of cash and armfuls of goodies because she had the best CIC dressage score – the winner does indeed take it all! Becky on Can’t Fire Me after winning the Richland Park CIC. Becky and Can’t Fire Me Courageous Comet’s rail left him on the same score as last year’s Richland Park CIC winners, Buck Davidson and Ballynoe Castle RM, but Comet held onto his overnight reserve spot by virtue of being closer to the cross country optimum time. Buck Davidson and Ballynoe Castle RM, 3rd. Phillip Dutton and Fernhill Eagle, 4th Richland CIC Trot-Up Photos By Samantha Clark on Aug 26, 2012 11:44 pm - 688 views All three of Phillip Dutton’s rides in the CIC* trotted up well Sunday morning at Richland, looking not only impeccably turned out, but also fresh as daises. Atlas above, Mighty Nice below. and to round off the trio, Fernhill Eagle, below. There’s nothing really to add to the quick report we posted earlier on EN – all the CIC* horses passed without any complications, and two didn’t go forward to the CIC show-jumping, so I’ll just post the photos below. Ballynoe Castle RM and Buck Davidson, the winner of the CIC* last year, looked fabulous all weekend and came very close to pulling it off again, ultimately finishing on the same score as 2nd placed Comet, but this weekend belonged to Becky Holder. Darren Chiacchia and Amendment 15 Andrea Leatherman and Mystic My Hail and Natalia Gurmankin. It’s been a whirlwhind year for Natalia, and I caught up with her very briefly before the show-jumping to ask her about all the exciting new developments in her life… http://youtu.be/dk2gjzzKPWk I don’t know how she finds time to read…! Thanks for catching us up, Natalia, and wishing you the best of luck with it all! By Samantha Clark on Aug 26, 2012 11:12 pm - 64 views Which four star rider was rocking the biker boots (well, sort of!) at Richland Park this weekend? Answers in the comments section below, and we’ll let you know who it is tomorrow – Go Eventing! Quick Richland CIC Trot-up Report By Samantha Clark on Aug 26, 2012 8:43 am - 214 views Courageous Comet looked super this morning – we will miss him, Becky, but he passed the trot-up with flying colours, as did his stablemate, Teddy, or Cant Fire Me. Both horses were gleaming white and immaculately presented, and Becky now goes forward to the CIC* show-jumping holding the top two places. I’m also happy to report that Becky was moving very nicely herself this morning so hopefully her own leg is not quite so sore. Can’t Fire Me goes into the Richland CIC* Show Jumping in pole position. All the three star horses were passed with no holds, or re-inspections, or even anyone being asked to jog again. Jennie Brannigan trotted her horses up wearing Hawley Bennet-Awad’s jacket – we look forward to seeing Hawley competing again soon, I know she wishes she was here, but is enjoying some time at home in Canada while she recuperates. Boyd still has the lead in the CIC on Crackerjack. Melissa Hunsberger withdrew Starstruck from the holding box in this division, Nora Battig was held for reinspection with Steppin’ Out but then accepted, and Robin Walker did not present Freedom’s Light. All the others passed and go forward to show jump starting at about 1:30pm Sunday afternoon. The CIC* show-jumps right before 11am and I’ll bring you more pictures from the jog later. Go Eventing in Michigan! Saturday at Richland – Cool Connection makes a comeback, and Comet to retire? By Samantha Clark on Aug 25, 2012 11:22 pm - 251 views It’s been a mixed day here at Richland Park, but definitely a long, hot one and before I can begin to write about the horses and riders I must give huge props to the organisers, volunteers, helpers, grooms and everyone who helped make the day run so smoothly. From the friendly crossing guard who stood in the sun all day manning the string on the galloping lanes so spectators wouldn’t get run down to the shuttle driver, above, who proudly told us he could get seventeen people on his golf buggy, but even more importantly, labradors were always welcome, everybody was friendly and helpful. Smiling course builders…! Inexplicably my laptop has turned into Pac-Man – when I plugged in my camera to download the pictures I had over 300, but I watched in horror as it slowly gobbled them all up. I can’t write much more about it at the moment, can’t speak about it, can only apologise for lack of pictures. It was a good day for True Prospect Farm – Jennie Brannigan looked solid on all her rides, but especially on Cambalda and Indie. I caught up with her later to find out how the summer’s been treating her. Also, Jennie’s hot tip for the Bareback Puissance at Plantation Field in a few weeks time – Caroline Martin, you heard it on EN first! Jennie said she daren’t compete herself this year, but she will be commentating! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VL8bZmBEufQ&list=UUDa75NcAsqY9wj2oz8bMRgg&index=1&feature=plcp EventingnationJohn already covered Phillip’s prowess cross country, and yes he was impressive, but Mighty Nice looked especially good today – I haven’t seen him run since Barbury, I don’t think he has run since,and he looked much different here, much more confident and aggressive, just eating up the course, and how can you not adore a horse whose stable name is Happy?! Will Coleman was another rider to have several good rounds, starting off the day’s sport early this morning with a lovely clear in the intermediate on Vancover. We had a brief chat about the horses he had here today, but before I turned on my video he’d told me what a great job Alexa Kim Perkiel had done holding down the fort while he was in England, and props to Alexa Kim’s Apres Ski for jumping clear round his first Advanced today. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Y4gqZ8Gmo&list=UUDa75NcAsqY9wj2oz8bMRgg&index=2&feature=plcp Becky Holder of course had a great day today – storming round on Can’t Fire Me at the end of the CIC* to try and best herself. ‘Teddy’ duly jumped clear and fast enough to move his stablemate Comet into second place. I caught up with Becky and we chatted about her two flying greys; she shared that they’re both such different horses to ride cross country that although they were both in the same division she walked the course twice, each time with each horse in mind, “Comet’s got a huge gallop, his style is much more to gallop hard and fast between the fences, and he can gallop a bit flat and low on a huge stride, so his style is to shorten up and he almost looks like he’s slowing up coming to his jumps. He often adds a stride in at many of the combinations – I did a serpentine line in the big water and he did six strides to five strides, he did it beautifully but that’s his style. Teddy is much more of a lock ‘n’ load kind of a ride, he’s very uphill and he just goes and goes. Teddy is so manic – he gets out there and just looks for the flags; he’s so much more rough and ready than Comet, everything is just a straight shot – we went straight into the big water, did the direct five and then his eye was on the last corner. I just sit up there with loose reins and he keeps running, and keeps jumping. I have to admit I’m not really elastic yet with my eye when I swap quickly between the two of them and I get a bit caught out; I feel like I could have been a lot quicker on Teddy if I’d let him keep coming to the fences a bit more, it just took me about half the course to adjust between the two horses. Comet can come out and be so on his game, and then there are other days when he comes out and acts like a bit of a diva. I think as much I love the horse and love riding him and always have, that sometimes I treat him a little bit too nice – he’s almost better if I treat him a bit like a naughty schoolboy, and shake my finger at him! Then he leaves the box like a house on fire and treats the course like there should be another level above what we’re doing, and that’s how he felt today.” Teddy and Comet have had a pretty easy summer in Georgia since Bromont, “Everything just travels on a different time schedule – everyone’s up a little earlier to get everything done and we have these amazing fans in our barns, and they’re all spoiled rotten standing in front of them, Teddy and Comet even have them in the run-in shed in their pasture because they’re pasture buddies and like to hang out there together,” and after the AECs in a couple of weeks she doesn’t have much planned for them either. In fact, she shared, the AECs will probably be Courageous Comet’s last official event with her as she plans to retire him from upper level eventing following the event. However, that won’t be the last we’ll see of him – her husband Tom may possibly compete him at Starter level, if he can fulfill her strict dressage and schooling show requirements first, and Becky told me she’s also hoping to take part in some pure Dressage competitions with him, “Comet’s given me so much and been such an amazing horse. I had hoped that Kentucky might have gone better because I might have retired him there; I think we might go and do a little Prix St Georges Dressage. He’s such a twinkletoes, and I feel it would be wonderful for him. He’s sixteen this year but he’s been doing this sport since he was seven years old at the Advanced level and won just about every event in the country.” Could there ever be another Comet? No, of course not, but that doesn’t stop everyone from trying to find one, including Lainey Ashker’s mother Valerie who is renowned for finding lovely OTTBs, and has found two Comet relatives already, one for her daughter and the other for Doug Payne – Shining North Star galloped very impressively around the Richland Park Intermediate this morning. Becky admits too, she’s not averse to considering keeping it in the family, “That Fappiano line that he goes back to is a big, turf galloping type of horse, they’re very sturdy horses, Comet’s had a freakish front end his whole life. I think it would be fun, there are so many horses out there that sticking with the ‘devil that brought you’, there’s something in the familiarity, it would be nice.” Teddy raced, “very briefly very badly” and has been in Becky’s programme almost his entire life, since her groom Aubrey bought him off the track as a 3 year old. Becky took over the ride when he hit ‘adolescence’ and she thought she might have to help Aubrey sell him, “When he was five he went through this horrible stage – teenage years, it just seemed like all he wanted to do was smoke in the boys’ room, party too late, miss curfew, steal the car, everything you did he was just trying to get out of it. When I started riding him he really suprised me – the harder I was on him, the more I busted on him, the more he came to the party and that seemed to be the key. Finally we had a turning point, and it was just magic from there, he just picked it up and kept going.” My congratulations and thanks to Becky for her time, also wishing her a speedy recovery – she’s been soldiering on all day despite a nasty gash down the front of her calf that she got this morning in an alarm clock/gooseneck trailer camping accident. Jan Byny looked terrific on both Syd Kent, above and Inmidair who lies 4th in the CIC*. Jessie Phoenix was busy all day, giving all her horses great rides with lots of positive vocal encouragement and praise all the way around. Boyd also looked good on all his horses, Hannah Sue Burnett gave both hers great rides, and Tops and Danielle Dichting,below, just get better and better all the time. Despite being one of the busiest riders at Richland, Buck Davidson never seemed stressed; Ballynoe Castle looked fabulous where I saw him, as did The Apprentice and especially Tamara Smith’s fomer ride Mar De Amor who was very forward bound through the first water, and who Buck told me gave him a great ride. Danny Warrington’s Will Smith was beautiful through the skinny brushes, as was Jessica Pye on Lightning Bound. Selena O’Hanlon had two good rides, above on A First Romance in the Advanced Diana Burnett and Shigatzi shortly before retiring Colleen Rutledge and her youngest daughter – I watched in shock, and a tiny bit of awe as Colleen and Shiraz put one stride in the two stride skinny brush combination almost halfway round, then Colleen pulled Shiraz/Luke up briefly before continuing, then fell at the last fence. I caught up with her afterwards to ask what was going on. “It is so not him, even when he’s run away with me before it’s not been like that, at every single open space. I kept thinking he’d come back to me but he was ignoring me. I didn’t pull him up in the first half because I kept thinking he would get better, usually the fitter he is the more rideable he is and I kept waiting for him to settle.” Typical Colleen found a way to look on the bright side, “I’d rather it happen here than overseas, we can do something about it now. We need to figure out why he thinks he’s beyond Superman. Obviously we’ve got to go back to the drawing board on bits, the bit I have him in now, a Myler combination that normally he loves but I changed the noseband, and I may have to go back to a pelham or something that’s got a bit more ‘up’ power.” Luke ran at Millbrook three weeks ago, and “I’ve got a series of competitions lined up, I’ll definitely do Plantation, I’ll probably end up running him at an intermediate before then just to check that I have brakes and steering. It’s disconcerting but at least it happened here and I have a lot more opportunities to figure out what’s going on; I can take him schooling and I can go and have other people put eyes on him, whereas when I’m abroad it’s pretty much me on my own. I’ve got about a month and a half to figure out what’s going on so this is a good thing. Every time you go out it’s a learning experience – he told me that there’s now something going wrong.” Interestingly, Colleen told me Shiraz had been diagnosed with Lyme Disease a couple of years ago which has never been a problem, until now perhaps. Today’s round she explained, coupled with his recent behaviour that she hadn’t paid too much attention are typical symptoms, “A lot of times the first clue I’ll get from my horses is their personalities start to change – they’ll be really nasty, or really needy. It hadn’t occurred to me before today that might be an issue but it all adds up.” Shiraz will have a blood test when he gets home, but they’ll start treating him for Lyme immediately regardless as he’s already been diagnosed with it and it’s a 30 day antibiotic programme. Funnily enough I also spoke briefly to Nate Chambers who retired Rolling Stone just before the coffin and he told me that Roly too was off all spring due to the dreaded Lyme disease. Having looked, and felt great the first half of the course today, Nate said he just grabbed the right side of the bit galloping to the wagon at 13, and despite circling and pulling up to a walk he couldn’t resolve it so elected to call it a day. Roly’s symptoms in the spring had included difficulty turning to the right, barely being able to jump a small rail and general stiffness especially to the right, and Nate wondered if Lyme was again to blame for Roly’s sudden change today. Luckily Colleen had a cracking round on Covert Rights, clear within the time in the CIC to lie in 7th place overnight, “He was phenonemal. He’s my homebred out of my first Advanced mare and everything I ask him to do he just answers with a smile. He was fantastic – this was a very big, impressive course for him and I was a bit concerned with how many questions it asked because I know he is quite young, but he went out there and was absolutely up to every single task, nothing phased him, he was pleasant, he was wonderful, I came off the course thinking I was sitting on my next Advanced horse, he was that fantastic.” By her friend’s stallion BFF Incognito, and out of chestnut thoroughbred mare, Colleen said she wouldn’t have minded if she’d got the worst of both horses, the foal would still have turned out nice but as it is she told me she couldn’t have wished for more. Schoensgreen Hanni gave Michael Pollard a lovely ride to maintain her lead in the Advanced A, some small compensation for Jos Calfun taking a dislike to the drop at 5 in the Intermediate first thing Saturday morning, ending in early retirement, and DV8 also looked like hard work but just picked up 20 jumping penalties. It was a great days sport, I particularly enjoyed seeing crowds of spectators full stop, but especially crowds running from the first water to the woods to watch the same horse and rider go through the sunken road there. The trot up for the CIC divisions starts at 7:30 sunday morning and it may take me longer to drag poor Lily out of bed than it will take most of the competitors to get their horses looking immaculate, but hopefully we’ll be there. As for pictures, don’t ask…Go Richland Park and Go Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Aug 23, 2012 11:05 am - 192 views Claire Lomas flanked by Mark Todd and Bettina Hoy (photo used with kind permission of Peter Atkins) When the Paralympic flame is lit in Trafalgar Square, London on Friday doubtless many eventers will spot a familiar face holding the torch - Claire Lomas will be in her robotic suit, fondly christened Fred, and back in the city whose pavements she pounded for seventeen days this Spring on her way to completing the Virgin Marathon, despite being paralysed from the chest down in a freak cross country accident at Osberton five years ago. With the total amount raised for Spinal Reasearch currently over 200,000 GB pounds and still growing, and considering that the daily conditions were generally agreed to be appalling – pouring rain on every day except for the first and last – one would expect, and hope that Claire might still be relaxing, taking it easy, recovering gently – No such chance! “We had such a laugh with the marathon, we got to know everyone so well over the 17 days and I was quite sad at the end thinking I would miss everyone and all the action, but it’s not been like that at all because we’ve started planning the next adventure straightaway!” The next adventure is a Paris to London bike ride on an FES bike (Functional Electrical Stimulation) which works via 16 electrode pads on Claire’s legs, “It’s just as hard as anyone else doing it – basically the electrical stimulation acts as your spinal cord, if you were pedaling you’d send your signal from your brain down your spinal cord and then your leg moves, like everything you do in life it goes brain, spinal cord, and then the movement, but with me because of my spinal cord damage the electrical stimulation does what the brain and spinal cord do, which is tell the muscle to move. I’m still powering the bike, it’s still my muscle power, it still makes me puff and blow, it’s still like a workout and I need strong legs, everything’s the same really.” Charlie the Coffee Man will plan the route once Claire takes delivery of her bike, “The company are making me a special bike – they’re going to put as many gears on it as they can, and keep it as lightweight as possible. It’s never been done before, which is what makes it special. The electrode stimulation will only work so long as my legs are strong – once they get tired they don’t keep going. That’s why my training is so important. I’ve got a really good bike physio and quite a detailed training programme from 6 months out so starting November, even though I’m training hard already, it’s a bit like interval training a horse what with all the hill work and everything.” Tentative plans are for next April, but fundraising has already begun and you can donate here; and Claire is also noticing the advantages from the training, although she told me she’s been using her static bike and hand bike ever since the accident, “The health benefits from biking are huge – the circulation, the muscle mass, the bone density. My legs don’t look wasted. When I was in hospital they said to me my legs will waste away but it doesn’t matter because they’re no use to me anyway – well, my legs aren’t wasted, and I don’t really want them to be in case Spinal Research come up with anything or if I just keep improving, I’ve got good strong legs.” Claire and Dan enjoy biking together, and once their daughter Maisy, now one, is older, it’s something they’ll all be able to do as a family - if they can keep up with Claire, who likens her outdoor bike, “low and zippy” to a sports car! Skiing is another passion of Claire’s which also does her good she explains, “my arms are quite light when I ski, I don’t have to use them a lot, it’s more core and using my hips a lot so it’s actually really good rehab, plus it’s very symmetrical as well which is brilliant.” If you’re lucky enough to be in England during the Blenheim Horse Trials this September you can have a delicious lunch with Claire in the Members tent, and a portion of the price of your ticket will be donated to Spinal Research, but book your ticket quickly- Claire has a veritable army of admirers, inspiring everyone who hears her story, including famously Sir Richard Branson who made things right when he discovered the Virgin London Marathon could not technically award Claire a completion medal because it would take her longer than 24 hours to finish the course. (“I was never doing it for the medal; when I first heard I wouldn’t get one it was quite a while before the Marathon and I thought it was a shame for about a second or two, but that wasn’t the reason I did it , I was doing it to raise money for Spinal Research.”) Sir Richard awarded Claire the Virgin Trophy for amazing acts of bravery to add to the 18 completion medals of their own that other runners had given to her, and he also treated Claire, Dan and her parents to dinner at his Babylon Gardens restaurant in Kensington a week later. Claire was at the Olympics this summer supporting Team GB in the eventing and recalled fondly her Marathon day walking in Greenwich with Tim Henman and his wife Lucy, a keen eventer, as well as so many other people along the way, “Clare Balding came about three times and she was just absolutely lovely, and Matthew Pinsent came about three times, Dan Lobb who presents Daybreak came and spent about half a day and then came back on the last day, footballer Matt Holland – he was quite nice to look at too, he brightened up the day! It would be impossible to single anyone out, everyone was so much fun and so generous with their time.” Claire told me she had no expectation for the next adventure, “Whatever I can raise is a bonus,” and when I wondered if Dan ever felt like having his wife back to himself, she laughed, and shared that they couldn’t actually remember whose idea the biking was, his or hers, but that originally Dan had suggested Claire bike around the world! Claire had told him “bollocks to that,” but “Dan’s always encouraging me, I think he’s glad it keeps me out of trouble!” We’ll be bringing you regular updates from Claire as she continues to train, and raise money for Spinal Research, and you can hear more of my conversation with her on this weeks Eventing Radio Show, online Thursday. Go #clairescycle and Spinal Research and Go Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Aug 17, 2012 9:10 am - 1,011 views Lucy show-jumping at Barbury earlier this summer As soon as I saw Lucy Jackson working Kilcoltrim Ambassador in Kentucky this Spring a few days before the start of the Rolex Kentucky CCI** I was impressed, and it seems I’m in good company – William Fox-Pitt had asked her to ride eventual winner Parklane Hawk for him until he arrived in the States. Almost as long-legged as he is but much prettier, it would be easy to be jealous of Lucy for her looks, her talent and her string of horses, but once you meet her it’s impossible not to also like and admire her for her sense of humour, warm, open nature, and work ethic. I invited myself to her yard in Oxfordshire just after the Olympics to find out a bit more about her operation and see how her Autumn plans are shaping up. Lucy, Erik and Sprout working at Rolex Kentucky Four years ago, Lucy returned to England from New Zealand, “in a bit of a muddle – I’d run away from my job, my husband, my house, my security. I went to work for Ann and Nigel Taylor and it was perfect – all I had to do was ride a dozen horses a day, and after about eight months I had a sudden realisation that that was all I wanted to do, and all I’d ever wanted to do.” Lucy, a trained physio, worked in a hospital in Auckland for three years and in private practice there for two years after that, but has now ridden professionally for slightly more than three years. Her compact yard is “not immaculate but all the essentials are here” – a cluster of barns with all manner of roomy stables, a walker, an arena and plenty of turn-out, super hacking, and galloping just down the road on a surface with Austin O’Connor at Tetsworth, as well as a steep hill on “an old-fashioned wood-chip surface” a tiny bit further afield for the “big boys!” Animator at Bramham this summer It was at Nigel and Ann’s yard that Lucy got the ride on Animator, fondly known as “Luke;” belonging to Nigel and Ann, and Kathy Brown, Lucy is very fond of him, “I’m really sentimental about him because when I first came back from New Zealand I wasn’t riding very well and Nigel let me have the ride on him, and basically Luke was going, whether I was coming or not, so he gave me back my confidence! He’s been a funny horse, he’s had 8 different jockeys and he used to be quite nappy, but I think because I hero-worship him so much he doesn’t mind, he just does it.” - Lucy was disappointed not to make the New Zealand Olympic team with Luke, “I feel really sorry for him because this was his opportunity to shine, he was on amazing form, and the guys that did go to the London Olympics obviously did deserve to go because they won a bronze medal, but it would have been nice if it was the old days when they could take six; I think he would have done it! Anyway, we’re going to make them really sad they didn’t take us by doing well at Burghley! Erik (Duvander) told me not to lose my focus – lose my focus?! I have such a point to prove that I’m even more on a mission now than I was six months ago, which I didn’t think was possible! I think there’s always going to be one disappointed person and I don’t think they made the wrong decision because everyone went so well but I do feel like I could have done as well.” At Bramham this summer Lucy will also take Willy Do to Burghley, an eleven year old bay gelding by Matinee, the same sire of Wellshead Munnings/Jack, who is owned by Lucy’s trainer Gill Watson, and is headed to Lignieres CCI this autumn for “a bit of a jolly, to drink French wine, eat French bread, not get muddy and jump a few fences if there’s time!” Although Gill is pretty busy with her Team GB World Class commitments she does her office work out of a portacabin on Lucy’s yard, and helps her two or three days a week, and as Lucy explains, ” We’ll work on maybe two or three horses together whether it be flat or jumping, sit in the portacabin and work out who’s going to gallop when, and which horse is going to go where – it’s such a great opportunity because if you go somewhere for a lesson you’re inclined to do a bit more than you necessarily want to sometimes, but this way we can do twenty minutes or an hour and a half with a horse, it doesn’t matter.” Gill has a prime view of the arena from her desk in the portacabin, and admits that at times she doesn’t even recognise her own horse – “If you look up into the arena and you’re riding Jack or Willy, it’s quite hard to tell who it is, initially!”, and Lucy agrees, “They are quite similar in lots of ways, I definitely find myself in the lorry chatting away to Jack, and it’s actually Willy! Willy’s got a more thoroughbred mummy, and Jack’s mummy was a bit more pony!” Two brothers fighting over Polos! Rounding out Lucy’s top three is her Lexington horse, Kilcoltrim Ambassador, or Sprout, owned by the Sprout Syndicate which is made up of Lucy’s godmother, and various family connections. He’ll be aimed at Blenheim in a few weeks, and then “possibly he might come back to America in the Spring because it really suited him, I just made a stupid error. He’s only ten and he’s already done a good deal for a ten year old, and he still needs a bit more time on the flat to become established so I think for him another autumn event doing only two changes in a test instead of four changes will benefit him; he’s such a natural born trier.” Sprout jumping at home Lucy found Sprout four years ago as a young horse in Ireland who’d just done some show-jumping, and tells me she prefers not to do too much with her youngsters, and wonders if all the future event horse classes and such like are reliable indicators, “It’s a lot of exposure for young-ish horses. I sometimes wonder if the ones who have the temperament to cope with that have got enough about them to go all the way, I think maybe they’re better off with a more sheltered upbringing.” Kilcoltrim Ambassador “I really think he’s going to be like my little Lenamore, a little hero, – he’s got everything. At the moment it’s a little bit like the wrong size engine in the wrong strength body , it’s like a Porsche engine revving in a little mini; that’s what gives him frights in the dressage, you get him engaged and the power just takes over a bit.” When Lucy left Nigel and Ann’s yard to set up on her own, she admits it was “absolutely terrifying. I brought four horses with me, and I owned three of them. Now, three years later, we have seventeen and I own a quarter of one, which is a much better place to be. I think I’m really lucky because we do adore them all too, we’ve only got really lovely ones at the moment. I have Fran, my head girl, and two working pupils. I suppose my mission when I left Nigel was all about the Olympics, it was the Olympics, Olympics, Olympics with these three horses – Animator was intermediate and the other two were novice and it was all about getting them ready and qualified for the Games, which they all duly did. Now, in the next two or three years I’d like to get some younger horses, a few to sell and a few to keep so that come four years time I’ve got the same calibre of horse coming on again, and also got a bit more of a robust business because I’ve sold maybe a couple a year, but nothing drastic.” Dressage in the mud at Bramham this ‘summer’ Lucy acknowledges that although the competition to make the New Zealand squad may be undeniably tough, the benefits that come with it are incredible, “We’re really, really lucky with the New Zealand Federation – as with most lottery funded sports it’s medal dependent, so we got two bronzes at the WEG, and there’s 8 of us now on the High Performance programme, and although we don’t get given cash, we can apply for funding for training for instance,(which Lucy intends to do this winter) or a scan on a leg, or run a blood, or something like that. Then of course the team training with Andrew Fletcher on the flat, and Luis Cervera for jumping has been invaluable, especially just setting up a business, I’d never have been able to afford that on my own – I’ll go up with five horses, have five lessons one day, stay the night and have another five lessons before coming home, it’s amazing, so I’m very, very lucky.” Lucy adds that just training alongside the greats like Mark and Andrew, taking their advice, competing with them, walking courses with them, and riding with them on a team as she did at Blenheim and Aachen has just made her all the more hungry, “It does feel like a great thing to be a part of, and the original gang must have been amazing – Mark, Andrew, Blyth, Vikki Latta when they just won everything.I’m going to get so good that they’ll never be able to leave me behind again - the World Equestrian Games 2014 is a huge mission now with all these three big horses.” Lucy and Willy Do With the Games well and truly behind her now, (“I went both dressage days and had a great time, and then spent all day cross country day in the pub with Piggy (French). Actually it was a Godsend because both of us had got quite miserable. We’d both started watching at home on telly, and then rang each other in floods of tears and said this is really hard, and then thought, come on, lets get over it together and have a jolly time. There weren’t that many people there and we were definitely the most drunk, and we had our photo taken with our pints stacked up in front us, and it says ‘Rio Hopefuls!’” ) Lucy has a lot to look forward to, starting immediately as she kicks off her busy Autumn campaign at Burghley, followed almost immediately by Blenheim, and she told me she’ll keep Pau and Boekelo in the back of her mind as a Plan C in case she needs it. Many thanks to Lucy for her time and for chatting, and wishing her the very best of luck of in all her endeavours – Go Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Aug 15, 2012 3:36 pm - 1,441 views Kitty on Zidante in the CIC* at Barbury It was my great pleasure to visit Kitty King when I was in England recently and watch her work a few of her horses and chat about her philosophy and training, as well as life in general. I don’t think anyone would argue with me if I said she’s widely regarded as one of the most talented young riders on the eventing circuit, as well as one of the most popular. A true product of the the GB system she’s come up through the ranks, competing on the Pony, Junior and Young Rider European Teams, and got her senior flag and competed at her first Badminton on Five Boys, the little horse that she originally turned down because he was too small and failed the vet. Now retired from top level competition, her admitted favourite, and first “proper” horse, Five Boys is still enjoying his competing after a hind leg suspensory injury put paid to his career at the very top of the sport. Although he had surgery and was sound to compete, as Kitty explained, “he didn’t owe me anything. I gave him to a girl who worked for me called Holly Milne, she does BE 90 and BE 100′s and he gets completely spoiled. He has a bigger wardrobe than I do, he tootles off around these little events, he’ll go really well and win some and at others he’ll be really naughty and take the piss completely! He’s 20 now so he’s getting on a bit, but he still looks exactly the same and has the same cheeky character.” Kitty only agreed to ride Five Boys after Jane Tolley’s stable jockey Chris King (no relation) didn’t really get on with him, and was too big for him. Having seen him at Jane’s yard a few months prior, but been unable to ride due to a concussion, Kitty had been wholly unimpressed, “- he was really small, he had a bowed tendon like a big old banana and I didn’t want to buy him because I thought I wouldn’t be able to sell him on, or to an owner.” However, she agreed to compete him for Jane and took him home, “I’d had him at home for about four days and called her back and told her I’d buy him! I just loved him and he had such an amazing jump.” Five Boys failed the vet but Kitty and Jane managed to work out a deal and then he and Kitty never looked back, “He won his first three day at the end of the year and stayed sound as a pound, I did all the Young Riders with him, my first Badminton…” Kitty and Zidante again at Barbury Five Boys’ character is very similar to Zidantes’, Kitty tells me, Zidante being Blackie, an exciting 8 year old black mare that has replaced Five Boys as her favourite, “he had a very similar character to Blackie – quite feisty but on your side. They both love doing it; when the lorry starts up and Blackie’s getting left behind we have to shut her window because otherwise she’ll try and jump out of it! He was the same, they just love doing things, they’re both really intelligent. He was a special, special little horse, and she seems to be turning out quite special too.” Kitty found Zidante through a Horse and Hound advert four years ago and never expected great things from her, “I basically bought her as soon as I saw her head, I just loved her! I never really knew how far she would go. She always had a really big, springy, careful jump but I didn’t know whether she’d be quite brave enough to go a long way, but I always loved working with her; she always put a smile on my face. From a four year old I really liked working with her, it felt like she always wanted to be learning things. The more you do with her the happier she is, otherwise she gets a bit lazy and crabby, and she’s miserable in her stable. When you’re actually teaching her things and going to competitions she just seems to love it. She can be a little bit cheeky at times in arenas at competitions but she’s normally pretty relaxed, and if anything it just makes her a little more in front of the leg and gives her a bit more presence. Although I really needed to sell her I just thought even if she’s not going to be a Badminton winner I just really, really like her so when she was five I managed to sell a half share to an owner, and then when she was six, just before Le Lion, he bought me out. (and she may yet go and win Badminton too!) He’s a really supportive owner, so hopefully she’ll stay here for the duration because he’s been offered quite a lot of money for her and he’s turned it down. She just keeps going out and doing more because I did worry that she might be a little too careful; when she was a Pre-novice horse I thought she’d probably go Novice but she did all that well, and then I thought maybe she’ll just be a nice, little Two star/Intermediate horse and she did all of those really well last year, so I thought I’d try an Advanced – she’s definitely got the jump for it, I just didn’t want to put her off because she doesn’t deserve that, she’s such a lovely animal but she bombed round all her Advanceds and all her CICs so hopefully we’ll go to Blenheim.” Zidante won the Young Horse World Championships as a 7 year old in Le Lion D’Angers in France,” it was my first three day win for a long time so it was really nice, and especially nice to do it with her because I love her, she’s just such a character. She is a bit of a minx; when she was four and five, and even in her six year old year, quite often in the winter I’d be dumped on the floor more times on her than the rest of the yard put together throughout the year!” When we spoke Kitty was undecided whether to enter her for the CIC* 8 and 9 year old Division at Blenheim, or “Big Blenheim” the CCI* this autumn, and was waiting to see how she went in the CIC* at Hartpury before she made up her mind. I’m delighted to be able to report that Zidante performed her normal stunning dressage test to lie 2nd after the first phase there and jumped a clear show-jumping, and a steady clear cross country to finish 9th overall last weekend – looks like they’ll be going to “Big Blenheim”! Kitty works on the flat regularly with FEI judge and former eventer Nick Burton, who she laughs, complements her driven attitude with his slightly more laid-back style, “he’s really good with the slightly more mentally fragile ones. We’ll always get what we want to achieve at the end of a session but I’m very determined and want everything better NOW, and he’s more likely to tell me to give the horse a pat and take my time. Nick is good for my personality on a horse and stops me always asking for too much, I suppose that would be my downfall, I can be feisty and I always want everything to be perfect straightaway.” Zidante is also one of Nick’s favourite’s of Kitty’s horses, just because of the huge improvement she’s shown, and because they both believe there’s still plenty of room for more, ” She’s not the biggest horse in the world with the hugest paces. We’ve been working at making her really supple, swinging and accurate.” For jumping, Kitty gets help from show-jumper Keith Doyle who she likes because she told me he understands that eventers can sometimes be a bit quirky, are sometimes bolder than pure jumpers, or jump flatter on the third day and so on. Kitty has about a dozen horses in work, mostly that she competes for owners, some of whom have been with her since she was in her mid-teens, and a few of her own horses that are for sale. The property actually belongs to her parents, and much to Kitty’s chagrin she jokes that her dad refuses to give her “family or mates’ rates”, but instead Kitty and her husband pay rent for the immaculate facility which includes an american style (indoor) barn, indoor arena, horse walker, lunging pen, jumping field, ample turn-out and beautiful Wiltshire hacking. They also rent out the converted bull pen right next door to the barn, which Kitty admits is very useful for those early mornings, “if we’re leaving early for an event I can literally roll out of bed and rock into the lorry and drive off!” Kitty King and Zidante at Barbury. Photo by Samantha Clark Kitty and her mother, Jane have worked together since Kitty was tiny; first Kitty helped Jane, now the roles are reversed, “we get on really well, thank goodness. She’ll often lunge one or take one hacking, and she’ll come galloping with me which is really helpful because I know she’ll ride them in a good balance and won’t let them get strung out, or go on their heads and do things which then they’re more likely to injure themselves. Because she’s evented herself and then had racehorses in for re-schooling and teaching them to jump, and pre-trainers for all the racehorses she has a wealth of experience which is quite handy and nice for me to be able to ask her opinion. I don’t know what I’d do without her and I think she quite enjoys it secretly!” Married for three years this winter to ex-National Hunt jockey Ben, Kitty also ropes her husband in to help, “He used to be based at Nicky Henderson’s and now he works at NFU Mutual in Marlborough, and I either gallop at Manton or Lambourn, so quite often if I gallop at Manton which is about ten minutes away from where he works I’ll time it in his lunch break, bring his breeches and he’ll come and gallop one with me if he can. I think you can do a lot of damage by galloping horses badly and not on the bridle and in balance, and I know that obviously Ben has had masses of experience and he’ll gallop them properly.” Kitty has a head lad, Lewis, who travels with her to most of the competitions and who had turned the horses out absolutely beautiufully the day I was there (apologies for the lack of pictures – technical hitch), as well as working pupil Elliot who started out by begging to be allowed to help for free on Saturdays when he was still in school, and Boondoggle’s half owner comes and helps cover things when they’re away competing, and on days off. The size of the operation suits Kitty perfectly, “I don’t want to have a huge yard. I like to do the horses properly. On the whole, someone might hack one or lunge one but I ride or school all of them, and then I feel like I have more of a partnership with them. Then I feel like I really know them; if they’re doing something like hanging on one rein, or falling out or things like that, it’s only going to be my fault, I can’t blame it on someone else who’s ridden it badly. I do like to have a small enough yard so I can work them all properly and then it’s easier not to overlook all the small details and miss the little things.” Ceylor L.A.N – a very nice 5 year old that Kitty found this year Joining Zidante is High Havoc, a lovely dark bay that’s aiming for Burghley in a couple of weeks. Now in his third season with Kitty he was originally sent to her to be sold, but the owner Ben Sangster started to enjoy it so much that Zidante’s owner Ben Walden bought the other half and Kitty was able to keep the ride. Persimmon, at 7 years old, is a very exciting prospect; he recently won the extremely competitive CIC at Barbury and an OI at Somerley on the back of the 6 year old Breeding Championship at Osberton last year, his first year eventing. Kitty describes him as ” a funny character, if he was a person he’d be outside the pub looking for a brawl with someone! He’s just up for a fight all the time which is quite hard work because he’s always trying to push your buttons and get a reaction, but when he wants to behave he moves really well, and can do a super test, and he jumps really nicely. He’s been turning the corner, he’s just got to turn a little further and become a little more workable and rideable and I hope he’ll be a very nice horse for the future.” Kitty and Jane found Ceylor L.A.N, a tall, scopey 5 year old almost by accident; looking at other horses in the area that didn’t pan out, they’d seen his advert in the Horse and Hound so decided to pay a visit on a whim, ” I hope he’ll be really nice. He likes his jumping; he’s a little bit spooky but in a forward going way, and that’s what makes him careful.” It’s a testament to Kitty’s riding and training that she can go from Zidante, a compact power pack at barely 16hh, to the long, leggy Ceylor L.A.N aka Sprout and look equally at home on both. It’s impossible for me to even pick a favourite among her horses, although Sprout is just my type. Kitty mused that if she had to pick a fantasy horse it would probably be Caroline Powell’s ride, Lenamore, ” he always looks like really good fun, like a rubber ball, a really good jumper and a character – they’ve got to have a bit of character about them. He’s a very cool little horse and I quite like my jumping machines so I’d quite like to steal him. Springalong always looked a bit like that as well, I loved watching him cross country with Daisy (Berkeley)” As for her two-legged eventing idols, “I’ve always admired Ginny Eliot, I read all her books. Mary King has always been an inspiration, I think because she’s still doing it and she always looks like she’s enjoying it and has a smile on her face and I don’t know how she does it sometimes! Horses aren’t always that easy and fun and jolly, but she always seems to be smiling even if she has a crappy day – if I could do that it would be good! Obviously Pippa (Funnell), she’s just such a perfectionist at everything, if I could achieve half of what she has I’d be very happy. It’s taking bits from lots of different riders really, I’d love to do the Olympics, win Badminton and Burghley. That was always my ambition when I was tiny. I’ve managed to tick a few things off the list – doing ponies, juniors and young riders. Getting to Blenheim and getting my senior flag, that was always a real ambition but the end result wasn’t quite what I’d hoped for. I just wish the little black mare had been a year or so older because she’s so nippy and she’s such a neat jumper , and although she’s not a thoroughbred she would have been quick around that course because she doesn’t take much setting up and she’s a good show-jumper but it’s all come a little too early. We’ll aim her for Rio, keep her results consistent and hopefully she’ll have a good chance.” My profuse thanks to Kitty, her mother Jane and her head lad Elliot for their hospitality, and wishing them a very successful Autumn season and beyond – Go Kitty Eventing. Sinead’s Update from Hartpury CIC* By Samantha Clark on Aug 12, 2012 1:43 pm - 109 views Sinead was kind enough to send us an update from Hartpury late last night with her perspective on how it went, not only for her and Tate, but also for Allison and Arthur who have been training alongside her all summer in England, and now Burghley bound Sharon White and Reggie (Rafferty’s Rules) who arrived in the UK recently and are based with Rodney Powell - because I’m not homesick enough already! Thanks a million, Sinead for taking the time to write this and for thinking of us, and many, many congratulations. Bring it, Burghley! Hi guys and Eventing Nation! A quick update from SHE! Wicked weekend at Hartpury! Huge 3 star!! With the UK, NZ, AUS and US represented! Dressage was on a par with top 4 star results with a high 30′s score winning and those in the low 40′s remaining competitive ( but about 30 horses being in that range!).. Our American horses looked pretty darn good( I might be biased!) Allison put a test forward that should have been in the 30′s, no doubt, but maybe an unconvinced jury held out on scores.. but still a flawless ( and spookless!) performance that left Sharon, myself and Isib (Elizabeth Power) feeling she was in a different league. Sharon had lovely trot work and Reggie might have been ready for the xc when he entered the canter, not misbehaving but showing a lot of enthusiasm! Tate I was thrilled with - I had 2 mistakes, one being my over eagerness in the first medium trot which led to a break to canter, and the other being me ‘forcing” the rein back which made it a bit abrupt. Other than that he was simply beautiful. Show jumping led to Sharon and Ally having both one unlucky rail. Tate jumped the best clear round to date. Then the xc led to more than 3 massive holds on course with Eric Winters’ large track asking some serious questions. I was quite pleased with the course because it asked several questions that Burghley will be asking in a few weeks, but I’ll be honest it was a track that made you work for your round! Tate jumped brilliantly and in his usual style he answered the questions with grace and confidence. Sharon was happy with her round but was held on course for over 20 minutes! Allison had some bitting issues and had to work hard with Arthur. She did a brilliant job as usual with a very talented but complicated athlete! We are all feeling excited about Burghley and have a clear view of where we need to be in 3 weeks time! I am personally enjoying competing with the worlds best, and every 10 minutes I feel like something new is learned! I am forever grateful to my amazing partner Tate who is hanging tough with some of the nicest horses in the world!! ( I think he is one of the nicest in the world but again i am biased ;) ) xx sinead By Samantha Clark on Aug 12, 2012 12:30 pm - 188 views - The Equestrian Olympics are over for another four years, but inevitably the analyses and autopsies of nations’ and individuals’ performances will continue for much longer. Celebrations and commiserations in equal measure are probably taking place all over the world right now, and in Pennsylvania Boyd Martin is still reflecting on his own part in the London 2012 Games. Boyd’s horse Otis has been home in the US, and thoroughly examined by Boyd’s vet Kevin Keane, himself also an accomplished event rider, and Boyd explained what they’d discovered, “After a number of x-rays, ultra sounds and nerve blocks they’ve figured out that he has a small lesion on the capsule of the ankle. Kevin thinks that because of the terrain that we had to go through, and the fact that Otis is quite a hard jumper, plus the fact that I put bigger studs in his front feet means that he twisted his leg on the course somewhere, and then soldiered on to finish, but as soon as I pulled up he was quite lame. Unfortunately it was one of those injuries that we couldn’t make him sound with ice and a bit of light exercise. Kevin’s quite optimistic that he’ll make a recovery and be back in the game. We’re going to treat him with a therapeutic ultrasound, and we may consider doing the IRAP therapy but I think the biggest thing is that the horse gets a good long rest and doesn’t go back to work until he’s 110% which is what my plan was anyway, because he’s done two four stars in a short period of time. The next focus for him would be Normandy.” - - “I feel like I gave it a hundred percent; there’s nothing I would have changed about my preparation. I hold my head high and know that I tried. I really don’t think I could have got another mark out of Otis in the dressage, and I think he went as good as he could have gone in the cross country. I think I was going to make the time up until the last minute and that’s when he did really hit the wall; initially I thought he might have run out of puff, but looking back on it now I think he really started to feel the pain going through his leg and he pushed on and finished just a couple of seconds over the time. It’s one of those terrible things that will haunt me for a while, but it’s the nature of competitive sport, and it’s heartbreaking that it had to finish that way. He’s renowned for good show-jumping and I believe he would have put in a couple of good rounds and that would have left him in the top 10.” - Although Otis now enjoys a nice, long break there was no such thing as a holiday for Boyd – he came straight back to the US and was out competing at Millbrook Horse Trials in New York that very weekend, “Millbrook’s one of my favourite events of the year and the bulk of my supporters and owners are from the Millbrook area so I love getting up there and riding those horses. I’m glad I went actually, I enjoyed jumping on my young horses. Trading Aces is actually going better now than when I was riding him all the time, it’s a little bit depressing – I had my best ever dressage score on him and the first day I rode him on the flat was the day of the show! Hats off to Silva and Caitlin who might have done me a bit of a favour!” Trading Aces will likely now be aimed at Fair Hill, “I think I might take Trading Aces to Fair Hill. I’m a huge believer that Fair Hill CCI* is the ultimate preparation event for a good Kentucky. I think it’s the biggest, boldest and toughest CCI* in the world, and without question, if you can run around Fair Hill then Kentucky is a walk in the park with six months more training on your horse. I think that will suit Trading Aces the best, and the big focus with him is obviously improving him a little bit in the dressage. I think he ran well at Bromont but we’re still getting to know each other, and I think that I probably didn’t have him quite fit enough up there in Canada. He still placed second, but to have him available and competitive for Kentucky next year I’d like to put a bit more of a base on his fitness.” Boyd will talk to Phillip Dutton and Kevin Keane and decide with them whether to aim Neville at Pau CCI** this autumn, or campaign him towards Kentucky and Burghley next year. Boyd explained that the popular white-faced chestnut never really got into his groove in the UK, but is back in work now and feels good. Likewise, Boyd will discuss Remington’s future with his owners, Ron and Densey Juvonen, “He almost had the best event of his life there at Barbury, and he was in flying form with a great one at Kentucky, so we’ve got to sit down, regroup and work out what’s best for Remington’s future. I’m not sure what the plan is with him at the moment until we discuss that but I know for sure I”ll probably get the opportunity to hunt him a bit with the Cheshire Hounds. It’s a pretty awesome group of horses and riders, and it’s great to get Remington out there and doing that a bit.” It’s been my privilege and pleasure to get to know Boyd during the last couple of years; he’s come back from tough times before and will again, and I look forward to reporting on many more of his successes, “I believe that I have the skills and the horses to go and win a medal. Going into London I knew I was on a green horse but one that had the ability to medal if everything went my way, but everything didnt’ go my way so the whole medal thing was way off. In a couple of years time if these horses shape up the way I’m planning on them shaping up and things do go my way…” My thanks to Boyd, and you can hear our entire conversation on next week’s Eventing Radio Show, online Thursday 16th August. Go Windurra USA and Go Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Aug 7, 2012 9:01 am - 427 views Sinead and Manoir de Carneville jumping clear at Barbury CIC* There were many people who were shocked when the US London 2012 Olympic Eventing Team was announced and Sinead Halpin’s name was not one of the five on it. Last year, she and her horse Manoir De Carneville were US National Champions by dint of finishing 3rd at Rolex CCI** behind Mary King in the spring, and performed impressively that fall at the Burghley CCI. This year they were second at the Jersey Fresh CIC* and the Advanced at The Fork, and won the Southern Pines OI, having been excused a four star run by the selectors, and although their dressage at Barbury CIC* wasn’t as good as it has been, their jumping was, as usual, flawless. Now with the Games behind her, she’s back at Maizey Manor in Wiltshire preparing for Burghley once more, and kindly took some time out to talk to Eventing Nation. Sinead told me that Maizey Manor is perfect for her and Manoir de Carneville/Tate right now, not only because of it’s outstanding facilities, but also because of the people there too, “Headed by Jax Green, who has had almost every country’s team members sitting at the dinner table, which gives her an interesting perspective and priceless, often hilarious insight when discussing success and failure in a sport – I think we’re a really resilient and great group. It’s really fun right now because Rebecca (Howard) is back here at Maizey, and Esib Power and Allison (Springer) and myself; all of us have known each other for so long and have actually not just known each other, but we’ve all been pretty close friends so we’re comfortable asking for advice. Everybody knows each other’s programmes well enough to let something sit, and I think we have a really open-minded group, especially after the last month of team training when you just had so much information and so much knowledge being given to you from all different directions. I think now is a nice time because as a group we’re having more conversations around the table about our thought process and training programmes than we are in the ring, and I think that’s probably the healthy way to go. For me personally, now, I have so much to process, and it’s fun to sit around the table with all these guys , and sit in the barn aisle and chat about that, and when we’re actually in the arena we’re all pretty quiet and doing our own thing and I think that’s probably the right way to go. I think all of us are thrilled with the way the horses are going, I know Tate’s going ten times better now than he was even two weeks ago.” - Sinead and Tate jump clear xc at Barbury CIC* Sinead and Allison are both planning to compete at Hartpury this weekend, which Sinead hopes will allay some of her fitness worries, having had Tate peak for the Games a few weeks ago, “It’s nice to be able to have a run like Hartpury so we’ll have plenty of time to judge where they’re at, and enough time between Burghley and Hartpury if we need to back off or pick up. I’m sitting on quite a fit, streamlined type of horse so I think I just have to have faith in that. Fitness to me has always been something that you have a plan for, but at the same time you’re always trying to read your horse and see where they’re at, and it’s much easier to know where they’re at when you’re galloping them often. I know Allison and I haven’t cantered since that last team gallop. That’s the hard thing to have faith that you can actually let them down for a little bit and then feel like you can pick them back up, so I’m crossing my fingers and hoping it’s okay that I gave him a couple of gallops down.” Rebecca Howard is also aiming at Burghley after a disappointing Games, but her entry is not yet confirmed, “Rebecca is desperately trying to get into Burghley – we never have this problem in the States with balloting, but when the entry date closes here, it closes. Canada didn’t have an entry and again, it’s something that in North America we wouldn’t even think about but a lot of the Europeans had their entries in for Burghley just in case something went wrong, because it closed the Friday of the Olympics.” If Burghley doesn’t pan out, then Sinead said Rebecca’s looking at Blenheim or Pau instead. Sinead and Tate Burghley CCI** 2011 For Sinead, following the same pattern as last year – Hartpury to Burghley, gives her some confidence, although she admits that it’s true sometimes that ignorance can be bliss, “I think I should be competitive. I know the track and I know what I’m getting into a little bit more now, and I don’t know if that’s a good thing! Last year I was slightly naive and so I didn’t know how big the jumps were until the Wednesday, now I actually know so I’m freaking out already! Seriously though, I feel smarter and more mature as a competitor and as a rider this year, and I think I’m much more aware of my horse as well. I just hope to go and show the work and the improvement. Everything has just been so much better than last year; my horse on the flat is ten points more trained than he was last year, and now I just have to get ring savvy and figure out the best way to show that off. The same thing with the jumping phases, his show-jumping has just come on miles, and he’s always been a good cross country horse but I’ve been working on his fitness, and making sure that at that four star track I have a horse left at the end of the course, whereas at Burghley and at Rolex I felt like that last minute he was really at max. I think at both of those tracks I was a little nervous and I ran him quite quick at the beginning instead of saving him, so it’s just basically I’ve matured somewhat in my competitive knowledge, and hopefully that will show through, and hopefully it will go well.” - Sinead and Tate show-jump clear at The Fork Advanced earlier this year Lauren Hough will hopefully be at Maizey Manor for a couple of days next week to give Sinead and Allison a jump, as well as at Burghley, and Bettina Hoy will be based at Maizey after Hartpury to prepare for Blenheim, and also to help with their dressage. Contrary to some of the riders that I’ve spoken to who have told me that a good result at a big autumn event will be personal vindication for them for being left off various teams, Sinead understands the emotion, but doesn’t share it, “I don’t run on that kind of thing, some people do, but I just need to be calm and confident, and work on what I’m doing. That’s what some people need to take to the ring but I just need to take confidence to the ring. I felt confident in my horse the whole way through this whole process. I don’t feel that if they had put me on the team they would have won a medal, no way, but I think my horse would have been very competitive, and he would have jumped around the cross country, and I hope he would have jumped some clean show-jumping rounds. I think Tate would have been wonderful at that venue, he is a very light, fast horse and I think he would have come out of it wonderfully. I think there were a lot of horses that probably didn’t, that are different makes and models and have different mileage – I can’t speak for any of them, but I think it would have been an excellent track for my horse. Hopefully he would have finished on a high forties mark and that would have been of value to the team I’m sure, but they made their choice. I still feel as confident about where we’re at, if not more confident with all the education we’ve received. A great result at Burghley is always a great result at Burghley, so that would be great! I’m very excited to go to Burghley. “ - Sinead and Tate jumping clear xc to finish 3rd at Rolex CCI and US National Champion 2011 Sinead wasn’t at the Olympics; unlike some other nations, the US alternates weren’t given tickets to support their team members or watch the competition, and so not knowing how she’d feel about being there, Sinead booked a trip home to New Jersey to do “a whirlwind three days of teaching” but on reflection thinks perhaps she was too hasty in her decision, ” when I was driving out the venue I knew I would have been fine, I’d let it go.” Sinead was the only reserve required to drive her horse up to the venue at Greenwich, go through the staging process and wait while the rest of the US team trotted up for the First Veterinary Inspection, which she admits was tough, “I was only there for an hour on the hill before I left. The worst bit of the whole thing was probably the first week after finding out, that whole digesting period. It was rough going into the venue but I knew our horses were good. It was sometimes frustrating realising that the reasons the horses went and sat on that hill was not really about the horses, it was more about politically covering all the bases, so for me mentally I was 99% sure when we were driving in there that nothing was changing as far as the team went, so I had plenty of time to wrap my head around that. Turning around and leaving I honestly just felt huge relief, that I was able to make it through that, and that my horse was good, I’m good, we’re both better because of it, and now I get my life back a little bit and get to do with it what I want.” Since then, Sinead has been kept herself busy traveling around Europe looking at horses, “I went to Ireland, France, Yorkshire, Wales, all over England….I have no idea how many horses I sat on in total! The France and Ireland trips I did in one day and I probably looked at twenty plus horses each day; you get pretty good at saying yes, no, yes, no, yes, no, yes..and in a couple of different languages!” At home in the US Outfoxed will be for sale as a Young Riders horse, he’s joined by a few youngsters and the Classical King horse, “he’s one we’re toying with; he’s been show-jumping and he’s actually been winning all summer. We decided to send him jumping with Amanda Flint while I was gone because he was quite good at it and it seemed like something fun for him to do while I was out of town, but we might end up selling him down that road just because he’s so good at it! We’ve got a handful of youngsters and then we’re restocking at the preliminary level. It’s just such an education to be around all these top athletes and top horses; it really does narrow down your eye to, number one, what kind of horse it takes to tackle these tracks, which is all shapes and sizes, but also, number two, the kind of horse that’s going to work with you. I think I’m getting better at narrowing down the type of horse that’s the right match for me. It’s been fun watching all the riders and the horses and the matches, what makes them tick for them, what maybe wouldn’t be a good match for me, and then going and trying a bunch of horses so it’s all a good education.” The trips have ben successful too – “I found a really nice horse up in Yorkshire, a nice mare, and I found another really nice horse in Wales.” Both are at the preliminary level, and the mare will be available for syndication. Sinead also had an emotional reunion of sorts in France, “I saw Tate’s two sisters and his mum which was so cool, it was really, really neat. His sister is actually identical, the mum is 26. Tate’s name plaque was still on his door so there were a lot of memories. It was a quick trip when I went and saw him four years ago, but I remembered his stall even before I got up to it, it was pretty sentimental. The whole family came out, they were all happy, it was really cute.” - Sinead and Tate jump clear xc The Fork Advanced 2012 Speaking of emotional re-unions I had to ask Sinead if her fiancee Tik would be at Burghley supporting her, “We’re playing things by ear because he would only be able to come over for a couple of days so we’re going to see how desperate we are. His poor boss has been so patient and let him off so many times, so I’m not sure,” and if they’ve set a date for their wedding yet, “I don’t know! We’re trying to figure it out! We have to find a venue before we come up with a date, but I have a feeling it’s going to end up somewhere warm and in a month that’s handy for event riders, so that will probably be in January but I don’t think it will be this year, because Lord knows we have to base all our decisions around the event calendar!” Sinead’s mother Bernadette, however, has already booked her ticket and Sinead stressed how much her support and that of Jim Cogdell, both part owners of Tate, has meant, “I owe them a huge thanks; my mom and Jim Cogdell probably had a more difficult time digesting this summer’s decisions, and yet always stayed supportive and proud of both Tate and I.” Sinead’s time will come, I feel sure of it, as do her many supporters and fans, and even deep down, Sinead herself, “This was not the right year for me to be on that Olympic team, I’ve felt that way as soon as the words came out at that meeting; it took me a little while to wrap my head around it, but then I just realised it’s not my time yet.” Many, many thanks to Sinead for her time, and wishing her a very successful Fall season and beyond. Go SHE and Go Eventing! Shandiss – catching up with an old friend By Samantha Clark on Aug 5, 2012 8:04 am - 192 views Now that I’m finally back in Kentucky I can upload videos once more, hurray! I really enjoyed chatting to Shandiss again a few days before the Olympic Games began; every time I’ve seen her she’s been positive and upbeat, and grateful for all the training and experience she’s gained, as well as really making the most of her time in England. Rockfield Grant Juan continues to improve, and I wish her the very best at Blenheim, and in the lead-up. Here’s a brief chat we had, and you get to meet Shandiss’ maid of honour – Shandiss is engaged to Canadian eventer Jordan McDonald, at last say their friends, as they’ve been an item for about a dozen years now! Many thanks to Shandiss, Caelynn (spelling? sorry!) and of course, gorgeous Rockfield Grant Juan – Go Eventing! Shandiss and Juan at The Fork earlier this spring Allison Springer and Arthur — Re-Routing to Burghley By Samantha Clark on Aug 1, 2012 8:32 am - 326 views During her long partnership with Arthur Allison Springer has suffered plenty of disappointment, and each time has managed to find a silver lining and continue undeterred. This summer though she came over to England as US National Champion and with a practically flawless Spring season under her belt, so it must have been a particularly crushing blow to not make the cut for the Olympic Team. We spoke at Maizey Manor where she’s relocated to prepare for Burghley, on the day before the Opening Ceremonies of the Games. Of course Arthur looks fabulous, as he’s primed to run right now, and Allison told me that the challenge will be maintaining his form for another month, “Ideally if you go to Burghley you want that to be your Plan A, Burghley should never be an afterthought. Burghley is going to be more difficult than the Olympics, it’s the toughest four star in the world so really you should be prepping your year and your season towards it so my horse is peaked right now, he was more than ready for the Olympics, and he didn’t have much of a break after Kentucky. I’m a little worried about Burghley because it’s tough on a horse to have them peak now, and we’ve got a month, we’ve got a long way. When I entered Burghley last month, I needed to do it at the time to set the ball in motion but I wouldn’t really make it my plan to go to Burghley until I could judge my horses health, weight and soundness coming out of the intense Olympic preparations. Arthur’s welfare always comes first in my decisions, and, as you can see, he continues to be in fantastic health right now. His weight is perfect, he is happy, sound and going better than ever, so Burghley it is! He’ll walk hack for 45 minutes to an hour each day and either do a light trot or more of a stretchy flat like I started out in the beginning of my ride, and just sort of take it easy like that, I can’t completely let him down and then pick him up and take him to Hartpury, that’s not good for his health and soundness either. It’s a bit of a tricky play right now, how to get him fully prepared for Burghley. Fortunately he’s kept his weight beautifully and he’s training really well, he’s really fit so we just won’t canter him until the week before Hartpury and then just do one canter before I go, and stop cantering him every five days now.” Allison and Arthur jumping at Barbury Coming to Maizey Manor was almost a foregone conclusion, “I’ve been to Maizey Manor before. I think when you stay on so long you really have to pair up with people you know with getting around and everything, so obviously Sinead is going to be here with Tate, and Esib (Elizabeth Powers) is amazing, and she’s not only going to help get us around but she’s a lot of fun as well. It’s just really easy here – Jacky (Green) is amazing too, Catherine (Burrell) is so nice, you have everything you need here, (turn-out, arena, hacking, access to gallops etc) so I didn’t even really research into other places, I already know this place and it seemed like the right choice.” and although Allison made sure to stress how much she appreciates being over here it was obvious that she missed some home comforts too, “I’m dying to go home, I miss my dog like mad, I wish I had figured out a way to bring him. It’s just so long to be gone from home. It’s been nice, it’s just been a long time away from home. I feel like I’ve been here forever and I still have the same amount of time left that I have to stay here for Burghley, it seems like a long way away. I have a gorgeous new facility that I’m at this year, I’m just beginning to get the new business and lesson program going there and I had to drop it for two months so that was challenging, but I had a couple of fundraisers before I left because I knew if I stayed on for Burghley things were going to get really, really expensive really quick.” The USEF has funded Arthur’s round trip, as they did all they all the short-listed horses and just like the other reserves, Allison has done her fair share of soul-searching, “It is what it is and the nature of selection means there are always going to be people who are heartbroken and people who are joyous, that’s just what it is. When I look back on our last two selection trials to figure out what I could have done better or differently after having such an amazing and well planned spring season, I’m not sure I could have changed much. After Rolex I was very conscientious to the fact that Arthur had just given me such a beautiful effort at Rolex and I was only going to give him a couple of weeks off before having to get him ready for Bromont and it just seemed so unfair. I would have loved to give him a full month off. He is a high energy horse that always maintains his fitness and it takes him a while (more like a month as opposed to two weeks) to let down. For him to have demonstrated the same form and focus at Bromont that he has had all year, I would have needed to keep riding him straight through from Rolex to Bromont and that, in my opinion, simply wasn’t an option. So I definitely showed up for a combined test thirteen hours away with my horse not in his top form – that didn’t help selection. Bar that, I did everything to prepare my horse as well as I could. After Bromont, I do feel I was fortunate to make the short list, period. Fortunately I did, and after his 13 hour trip back home he was on a plane less than a week later to England with Barbury just two weeks later. I look back at Barbury and my time here and I don’t think I could have done anything different to improve my chances of selection.” Allison is also incredibly grateful for the additional training she’s received since being over here, and for the opportunity to work more closely with Captain Mark Phillips, “The dressage is dressage, I know how to get him in the ring on the day – even at 25 years old he’s still going to be a horse that’s on edge, that’s him, that’s his personality, but he is a very kind person, he’s very sweet; he’s spooky but he doesn’t do it in a nappy, terrible way and I know how to manage him and get him in the ring. His cross country record is sorted, especially this year it’s been beautiful and his show-jumping has been great, Lauren Hough has really helped me a ton. Lauren has been so helpful, she even said after the last lesson that her opinion of Arthur had totally changed, that he does want to jump clean. It was really helpful and positive working with her. Hopefully she’ll come back and help Sinead and I right before Hartpury and she’ll be at Burghley. I’ve got a lot of great training this month and I think that Mark’s opinion really changed about me and my horse, unfortunately too late because I think he probably had the most influence on it being between Tiana’s horse or mine. Who knows how things might have been different had this happened sooner but it doesn’t matter now.” Again, my thanks to all the US reserves who have talked to me so openly about such a sensitive topic and I look forward to cheering them on in future Championships and many Olympic Games to come. Thank you for reading and Go Olympic Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Jul 29, 2012 8:23 pm - 371 views The New Zealand team lie in equal fourth place after two days of dressage. All pictures by and used with kind permission of Clifton Eventing . Check their facebook page regularly for super pictures throughout the event. I had a quick chat with Jock Paget, currently lying in equal 17th place on Clifton Promise at his first Games, about the Olympic Experience. Jock told me he was really happy with his dressage, “I was a little disappointed that I missed the first change and he was half a stride late which was annoying because he’s normally really good at his changes, that probably shouldn’t have happened, but I was really happy with the rest of the test”. Poised and mature, Jock told me he didn’t have a chance to get nervous, “the good thing about that arena is that despite it being big, and it being the Olympics, you’ve got so much else to worry about that that if you can just stay focused, you don’t even think about it, you’re just too busy doing your job – that was the case for me.” Jock talked about his teammates, especially the marvel that is Mark Todd, currently lying 3rd after conjuring a 39.1 out of the relatively inexperienced Campino, “Toddy is just a legend, isn’t he? To come out, with all the pressure on him, and he just nailed it. The horse did the best test he’s ever done, everything went perfectly. Andrew had a really tough situation, you plan your warm-up right to the last minute, and then to find out you have to wait another ten minutes is a real pain in the a but Andrew was as cool as a cucumber, he took his horse for a stroll, waited for it to start back up again and then he went in and did a really competitive test; it was very cool to watch him do that, it was pretty impressive.” After his test Andrew made no bones of his unhappiness about the situation, but apparently has put it behind him now and is looking ahead to the jumping phases, “He’s been in the sport for so long he’s had plenty of highs and lows, he’s good at handling everything now. Everyone is in good spirits, ready to tackle tomorrow.” Jock was on his way to a team meeting with Erik Duvander, but he already had a pretty good idea what his cross country instructions would be, “I’d imagine he’s going to tell us to go hard and fast, straight and true. I think it’s going to be quite a tough course, especially if you go fast but we have got good jumping horses and good cross -country riders (massive understatement!) so hopefully with a bit of luck, everyone’s going to need a bit of luck, but hopefully it will all go to plan.” I asked Jock if there was anything in particular on the course he was worried about, “Just not to go too fast too early, there are a lot of big hills that are going to tax the horses. I just want to make sure that I set off and get smooth before I get fast; you don’t want to get too fast too early because I think you’re going to run out of puff by the sixth minute, then you have a section of the course that puts them to sleep a bit before you have to re-start them again, so I think it’s going to be important to ride the course smart and be clever. You’re not going to be able to just gun around it, or just cruise around it, you’re going to have to be fast in the right place, give them a breather in the right place and then be fast again in the right places, I think it’s actually going to take a lot of riding.” Since Jock already rides alongside the person most people want to meet, I asked if he’ll get a chance to stay on in the Olympic Village after the eventing is finished and meet some of his own athletic idols, “I’ve got to go back to work actually, all the other horses need to be worked, they’ve all got their own targeted events that they need to do well at (notably Clifton Lush goes to Burghley) so I’ll just go straight home and back to work, hopefully on a high.” Hopefully indeed. As I write this on the eve of cross-country with butterflies in my stomach already and wondering how on earth I’ll sleep tonight (could time possibly go any slower) Jock tells me he doubts he’ll have any such problem, “I should sleep well, I normally sleep like a baby!” Sweet dreams to Jock, and wishing the entire Kiwi team hard and fast rides, straight and true. Is Erik Duvander eventing’s answer to Friday Night Lights’ Coach Eric Taylor,”Clear Eyes, Full Hearts, Can’t Lose”? New Zealand forever! My heartfelt thanks to Jock for chatting tonight of all nights. Go safely cross country to all the horses and riders, and Go London 2012 Olympic Eventing! What’s next for Loughan Glen and Clark Montgomery? By Samantha Clark on Jul 26, 2012 3:11 pm - 112 views This is a question that Clark has been pondering since Rolex, then since Barbury, and still couldn’t answer definitively until just a few days ago when the USEF announced that Sinead and Will Faudree would be the two top tier reserves for the Olympics. Now Clark has made plans to apply for a grant to compete at Boekelo, and although he told me in a perfect world he would love to remain in England with Glen until then, economics dictate otherwise. He wasted no time and is already back home getting on his horses in the USA, while Glen and Sally, his uber capable groom, will fly home with the team horses next week. Like all the riders I’ve spoken to who aren’t on the team, Clark has analysed his Spring campaign and told me it’s been difficult not knowing exactly why each rider wasn’t picked, “The only thing that I wish that they did was offer up more explanation of why decisions were made and I think that would relieve a lot of stress thereafter; whether that’s the coach and the selectors sitting down with each rider individually and discussing exactly why they are an alternate for example, that might be a better system, but no system is going to be perfect.” Overwhelmingly though, Clark stressed how much Glen has benefited from the month’s training in England at Eddy Stibbe’s fantastic facility, and how lucky he feels to have such a talented, healthy, sound and happy horse available to represent his country at many future Championships for years to come. We talked briefly before Clark left England about being away from home, his business, and of course his beautiful wife, (“I miss her desperately”), and coping with disappointment, and inevitably, carrying on, “I think I’ve dealt with it pretty well, there’s definitely been times when it’s been hard, when you get sad, disappointed or a bunch of different emotions but none of that really gets you anywhere. So I’ve had those moments, and then I’ve tried as quickly as possible to get over them and then focus again. Until a couple of days ago we were all alternates, we didn’t know any rankings so it was my responsibility to continue to train as well as I could in case they did need me and that’s been well worth it. I’m really glad that I didn’t get mad, or so sad that I didn’t ride well or take advantage of being over here and take Glen to those gallops and get him fitter than he’s ever been, and take the lessons from Lauren and Mark, and have the availability for Sandy (Phillips) to come and teach me. That’s all been tremendous so no matter what it’s been a great experience. Yes, of course I wish I could have gone to the Olympics but that’s not how the cards played out.” By his own admission Clark didn’t feel like Glen performed his best at Barbury, he was disappointed with his dressage test, and explained that as Glen has gotten fitter they’ve been trying out different bits in the jumping phases, which now they seem to have found the answer to with a full-cheeked snaffle gag, “I ride him with two reins because when I tried to ride him with just the gag rein it was too much, he was too sensitive to that so then we put two reins on and into the combinations it’s plenty, it’s enough to just help me get him up, he respects it and then because of that I can then ride with the leg and not have him lag him in front, but use leg to get him in front and have jump to to the canter which creates balance and makes jumping a lot easier. I did go cross country schooling just in case we got called up to the go to the Olympics and I didn’t want to go there with a brand new bit, and he was great in it, and we’ve had time to show-jump in it because both Mark and Lauren wanted his balance in show-jumping to be a bit better, so riding him in that bit and in that way has been tremendous. Lauren has been a phenomenal coach, and we’ve all got to see her three or four times during the month. If for nothing but the training alone this trip will have been worth it, it’s been fantastic. The dressage is coming along too, it’s getting much better. At home I do a lot of things on my own which I’ve been re-thinking a little bit. It’s been suggested to me that I figure out who I want to train with more full-time, and get into a programme, and that can be a dressage person and show-jumping person, it doesn’t have to be the same person for all all phases. In this month with all the consistent help I’ve had Glen has come along tremendously.” Clark and Glen jumping clear at Barbury Clark explained he’s looking forward to giving Glen a slightly easier run this autumn, “From what I’ve heard Boekelo will be a bit of a step down on the cross country which I honestly don’t think will be a bad thing for Glen. Obviously he seems like he’s regained his confidence since making that mistake at Kentucky but at the same time I’d like to pump him full of confidence before next year. There’s no reason to go and test him again without it being the Olympics – I was happy to do it for the cause of the Olympic Games, but other than that I’d like to go and really make him happy. I’d also like to try and get close to the time if not make the time at Boekelo, it’s flat there and I think I need to trust that he’s fit and not go too fast at the beginning, knowing that I’m going to have gas at the end. I think it will be good.” Clark and Glen jumping clear XC at Barbury Based in Pennsylvania now, Clark and Jess have a small business, “We’ve rented a house in Pennsylvania. I went up there for Phillip (Dutton) to help me with the fitness after Rolex, and to get on the gallops in Unionville and that’s what we’ll continue to do, although we’re also still looking at the possibilities of being based in England. I’m not in Georgia anymore so I don’t have a huge business. I have a few students, one lovely horse, Garrison Flash that I’m riding for the Nichols and he’s for sale, and then Loughan Glen, Jess’ horse Universe, and the stallion Constantin. He’s a Coronet Obolensky Warmblood. From everything I can feel in training he’s a phenomenal horse. He’s seven and he’s been in training at a show-jumping barn which means that you can canter down to any size show-jump at all, but we haven’t quite got the dressage test that we want yet. Cross country he’s as brave as all get out but he’s a bit fussy still with turning and narrows, but I don’t think that will be a big deal at all once we get him going. I’d like to do a one star with him in the Spring next year, he’s a really exciting horse for the future. He belongs to Holly Becker who also owns part of Loughan Glen.” Clark and Constantin Having enjoyed the training this past month, competing alongside the world’s best riders, he said “I’m the kind of person who’s inspired by other people’s good riding, you’re only as good as your competition.” I know Clark returns home ready to start a new chapter. As we get ready to cheer on Team USA in London, I couldn’t be prouder of the team members we should cheer on behind the scenes – to Clark, Will and to Allison who I spoke to earlier and who you’ll hear from on Eventing Nation soon. Many, many thanks to all three of them for their time, they have been incredibly stoic and strong, and in my mind absolutely epitomise team spirit. To Sinead who’s in London waiting in the wings. To all the grooms and support staff, and thank you of course for reading. Go Olympic Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Jul 25, 2012 2:54 pm - 191 views There’s no ‘I’ in team: Will hacking Happy/Mighty Nice after Phillip left for Greenwich on Wednesday The lucky five selected to represent the USA at the London Olympic Games may have left Eddy Stibbe’s dream facility but that doesn’t mean for a moment it isn’t still a hive of activity. The Dutch Dressage Team is in training (yes, I glimpsed Anky riding, and Edward sunbathing topless, swoon!) Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend Dressage Riders Must-Have Accessory Despite having been at the yard at 4am to help pack everything up and see the team off, Clark Montgomery, his groom Sally, Will Faudree and Nat V-C were still busy with their own horses and keeping an eye on the horses left behind for the rest of the day before the remaining American horses ship out to Maizey Manor. Will and Andromaque will stay put at Lavender Hill until Burghley while the rest of the US contingent ships to Maizey Manor until they leave. Sinead and Allison will prepare Manoir de Carneville and Arthur for Burghley from there, while Remi, Neville, Happy and Loughan Glen will meet the US team horses at Stansted on Thursday 2nd August and all fly home together from there. The US team horses, God willing, go straight from show-jumping, to Eddy’s old yard Waresley Park Stud as they have to vacate Greenwich Park that night, and will spend the night there before shipping to the airport. Third time was not to be a charm in 2012 for Will Faudree and he kindly shared some of his thoughts about the disappointment, and his plans for the future. “This is the third Olympic Games I’ve been a reserve at. I was the traveling reserve at Athens. I didn’t actually come to England in 2008 but I was shortlisted – they named the eight that flew over and I was number nine. In different ways this trip has been absolutely more frustrating than both the other times. In 2004 I was left off because of my age and inexperience, I was 22 , I’d never done an overseas competition and the selectors told me they didn’t want to send me to an Olympics as my first one. I understood that, even though it was still frustrating. In 2008 it was really frustrating to be left off that squad because I had done everything (Badminton, Burghley, WEG) and that horse (Antigua) had a flawless cross-country record, he’d never had a cross-country penalty in his life. He was 18 years old, but look at Lenamore. I think he was left off because of his age, and that was a particularly hard year for me; it was the summer that my sister was diagnosed with cancer and I was desperately hanging on to that dream of going to the Olympics. I had a good mandatory outing, but that was something that horse always did – he always did things well, he never won anything big, he just always did things well so it was frustrating to be left off that squad.” (McKinlaigh won individual silver but Poggio was eliminated while Mandiba and Courageous Comet accumulated multiple stops cross country). Will and Andromaque jumping clear at Barbury “This year has been really, really frustrating, I’ve had a lot of things go on in my life throughout the Spring, not that I’m blaming my fall at The Fork or my stop at Kentucky on anything, but I gave them reasons to leave me off and I understand why I was left off. Then Marilyn Little-Meredith’s horse was unfortunately withdrawn due to veterinary reasons and I got moved on to the short list which I was really excited about. Then I get on the short list, come over here and have a really good Barbury – she was sensational cross country. I cannot think of another horse that I would rather ride around that track at that venue because she is so fast cross country, she doesn’t pull and I can turn. I had a bit of a bad go at Barbury and scored a 52, you can blame it on a lot of things especially the weather, but she’s such a workman. I thought after Barbury that maybe they would look at my cross country round and that she could be a good pathfinder.” “When the team was announced of course I was upset – anybody whose name isn’t called is upset, it wouldn’t be human nature to not be, but I understood why I was left off because of the issues I’d had in the Spring. I’m going to do my best in four years to not give them a reason because unfortunately this year I did. Things change, in every team that I’ve been a part of they’ve never taken the original team that they’ve named: in 2004 My Beau was switched for Poggio, in 2006 Stephen Bradley was switched for Karen O’Connor….so I just keep training as if I’m going and keep that glimmer of hope and that dream alive that I could still get there. I’ve told Nat that Missy feels as good as she’s ever felt, she’s as sound as she’s ever been and happy, and if the Olympics don’t happen they don’t happen, and I’ll take her to Burghley. I’m excited about that, it’s a huge honour in itself to have a horse to go to Burghley on.” “Being a reserve is such a hard thing because you know you want to go to the Olympic Games so much, that’s your goal – you want to go and be competitive and win medals, and I right now, today, feel like I could do it – I feel so prepared and ready – but you also know that the only way you’re going is if someone else drops out and you don’t wish that on anybody. I’ve been lucky. At the end of the day I’m 30 years old, I can do this for many more years and whenever I have things like this happen I have to remember – I get to travel around the world and ride horses, it’s what I’ve always wanted to do. I would rather be known as a really good horseman and a really good producer of horses than for the number of medals around my neck. Having said that, I want one of those medals around my neck so badly I can taste it! If it doesn’t happen though, it’s not like I’m going to wake up tomorrow and give it all up, I’m still going to take care of my horses, I’m still going to keep producing them to the best of their capabilities, and the partnership I have with my horses is my focus. Hopefully someday the Olympic Games will be a part of that path and that journey.” My thanks and respect to Will, and all the reserves for their time, and thank you for reading. I’ll also be bringing you news of Clark Montgomery, Allison Springer and hopefully Manoir De Carneville within the next few days. In exciting news looking ahead, Will hopes to take Pawlow to Boekelo, and Clark told me he’ll apply for the grant to take Glen there too, as well as Phillip with Mighty Nice, just three that I’ve heard of in the last few days. To make it extra special the Dutch event will mark the passing of the torch as Captain Mark Phillips hands over the reins as US team coach and it will be David O’Connor’s first official international competition in charge of the American squad. Go USA Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Jul 24, 2012 1:55 pm - 430 views - Tucked away in the nether regions of suburban Newbury’s twisting, leafy lanes that suddenly turn into surprisingly pretty and spacious countryside is Jamaican Eventer Samantha Albert’s yard. Hiding behind a Garden Centre is a collection of stables that have been continually expanding and upgraded, multiple paddocks, an indoor arena, lanes for hacking and just a few minutes drive away is the main road that takes you to the A34 and then the M4 which practically unlocks the whole of England. Rather like her facility, Samantha’s not what you’d expect either, she’s an absolutely charming mix of Carribean cool, top class athlete and successful businesswoman but with a sweet, soft maternal side too. Having lived in England most of her life, “When I was fourteen I came over to England and spent the summer here and loved it, and begged my dad that when I finished school could I come here and ride,” the slight lilt to her accent belies her roots. - Samantha at the Beijing Olympics 2008 (picture kindly supplied by Samantha and used with permission) - Samantha has ridden for Jamaica all her life despite having several options – her mother still lives there although her father lives in Canada, and her ex-husband is Swedish eventer Dag Albert, and Samantha herself has been based in England for some 20 years now. Although Samantha says she misses Jamaica, especially during these less than warm, non-sunny British summers, she returns often with her two sons, and hopes to be able to give back to the Jamaican eventing scene there again, “My dream is to build up the riding a bit more in Jamaica because when we grew up, everybody rode; all of my friends rode and we used to have such a fantastic time and it slowly died down. Whenever I go out there now I teach and I do clinics, and there’s always a huge turnout, but the problem is they don’t have anyone producing the horses. I am trying to organise getting horses off the track and producing them as riding horses, polo ponies, trekking horses, anything, which is what I used to do when I was a young teenager there. I’d like to try and get that going again in Jamaica so that there’s something for the children to get on. It needs some other blood in there to get it going again, and I would love to get it going.” Interestingly, there are no ponies in Jamaica, just horses, and although there is only one cross country schooling course, there is a fairly healthy combined training scene, including the FEI Samsung League. - Samantha on her London Olympics hopeful horse, Carraig Dubh aka Danny (Picture kindly supplied by Samantha and used with her permission) - Even though the weather has now improved considerably, the climate here isn’t what compatriot Usain Bolt thrives on, and Samantha laughs that her fellow Jamaican athletes will have to acclimatise when they get here in a classic case of the Cool Runnings! “When they arrive they’ll be wrapped up in their winter woollies because this is freezing for them; even though it’s not that bad, it is really cold for them because they’ve been running at home and it’s a big difference.” The horse that Samantha rode in the Beijing Games four years ago, Before I Do It, was a mare bred by her ex-mother in law, broken and brought on by Samantha and then sold during her divorce. Samantha had the opportunity to buy her back and took her all the way to the Olympics, and is now looking forward to starting one of her offspring. This time around though, she’ll be riding a leased horse at London, taking on a horse that Tina Cook brought up to Advanced level, and something she said at first she found quite daunting, “I’ve had him since the end of November and it’s been a bit of a steep learning curve; I’ve never ridden anyone else’s Advanced horse, I’ve only ever produced my own so it’s a bit of a shock! My first run was Ballindenisk Three Star which was our qualifier, I didn’t have a prep run, I could only cross country school once because it was so wet, so it was literally throwing us in at the deep end!” Since then the weather has continued to play havoc with Samantha’s campaign, so Carraig Dubh aka Danny and her will go to London on the back of Ballindenisk, two Open Intermediates, and Houghton and Belton CIC*s. - Samantha and Danny (Picture kindly supplied by Samantha and used with permission) - On arrival in the UK, her father paid for three years of coaching for Samantha, as well as her first serious horse, A Step Ahead, after which time Samantha was well and truly hooked, and since then she has bought and sold, trained and taught and made her own living with horses, “Sarah Wardell and I started a yard together in Cheshire and we did everything – we did hunters in the winter, we bought horses, we broke them, we brought them on, we sold them, we did a lot of teaching. That’s how I started my business which is pretty much still buying and selling and doing a lot of teaching.” - On the left, Dan, Samantha’s Olympic hope, and on the right, Squirt - Samantha had been aiming Squirt at the London Games but an injury sidelined him, and despite his prodigious talent, she told me it has just cemented her love for the thoroughbreds, “I’ve always had thoroughbreds, and then with the sport slightly changing I went to warmbloods. Squirt is an amazing horse, but if he has a pinprick on him it’s a disaster – he lies down and puts his leg up in the air! The thoroughbreds are so much tougher, they just grit their teeth and carry on, that’s one part of it, and they just seem to have a much tougher way of going, and I think the sport suits a thoroughbred just as much as a warmblood now, I don’t think there’s much in it really.” - Just in case you were worried Squirt was getting bored being stuck in his stall whilst recuperating….! ************http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YAWge-BUy8*************** - Samantha rode Dex, aka Culture Couture at the Test Event last summer, another horse that she bought, brought on and has since sold. We talked a little bit about the difference between riding at these Games in the middle of London, and riding at the Olympics in Hong Kong and past Championships, “It’s nice in that we’re all in one spot, we don’t have to truck to the cross country, that’s the biggest bonus. The cross country course in Hong Kong was fantastic, the facilities were great, nobody could knock them. The site at Greenwich is very, very small. Not only the cross country – everyone is talking about the cross country being very tight and twisty and turny, but the whole site is tight. There’s nowhere to hack them, I think we have one canter strip where we can canter up to where the start of cross country is, but the horses are very fit, sometimes on edge and there are times you just want to take them for a stroll around the park, like at Badminton for example, but you can’t do that there, there just isn’t the space. I don’t know how Danny will react to that, he is quite a high-strung horse but I think once he gets in there it will be fine. Again, in Hong Kong we went in eight or nine days prior, and here we’re going in three days before we start so we’ll probably give them the last gallop before we go in so there won’t be that much to do.” Samantha’s parents, sisters, and sons will be there in London to cheer her on, as will many Jamaican fans at home and plenty of others all over the world, my son and I included. - Samantha riding Dex/Culture Couture at the London Test Event last summer. (Picture kindly supplied by Samantha and used with permission) - Having changed her mind to retire after Beijing she is determined to do so after these Olympics, even with the uber talented Squirt waiting in the wings, and of course Before I Do It’s youngster amongst much else to tempt her back, “After London I’m going to take a back seat. I’ve had an amazing life doing it and I’ve met so many fantastic people, but it’s got to the point now where there are other things that I’d like to do. It’s just so time consuming and every penny I earn goes into the horses. I’ve got two boys who want to do other things too, they’re both very sporty and while I do love that they ride and I don’t think that I would want them to choose it as a career.” - Many, many thanks to Samantha for her time and generosity, and wishing the very best of luck; thank you for reading and if you still want to know more about Samantha you can listen to a full audio version of our interview on this week’s Eventing Radio Show online on Thursday 26th July. Go Samantha and Go Jamaican Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Jul 13, 2012 10:25 am - 207 views - Thursday morning at Maizey Manor, Wiltshire was the first day of work for the Canadian Olympic Eventing squad since arriving in England on Monday. Canadian Chef D’Equipe Graeme Thom shared that he first discovered this training paradise in 1993 when he came over for Blenheim, and this is the Canadians’ fourth year here. After a rest day on Tuesday, and a hack on Wednesday, they’ll set out the dressage arena Friday in honour of Canadian Olympic Dressage Superstar Jacquie Brooks who’ll be teaching all day, and then Saturday is a gallop day; just a 20 minute hack away the squad can use a six and a half furlong uphill grass gallop that boasts wonderful going. The horses all look remarkably well, and the mood is upbeat, relaxed and quietly confident. In fact, the horses may be feeling fitter and better than expected – both Hawley and Jessie told me their horses were pretty fresh out hacking Wednesday. - I missed Hawley’s ride, she was first to go with David O’Connor in the secluded arena, but caught up with her for a quick chat afterwards. Hawley was thrilled with her ride and told me she really feels as if she’s had a breakthrough with Ginny these last couple of weeks, and is very excited about the Games. - - Ginny traveled in a pallet on the ‘plane with Tucker aka Exponential, Jessie Phoenix’s horse and they make quite a nice matching pair! Dr Christiana Ober was overseeing the Canadian event horses every step of the way, and was regaling us with stories of the the six US Olympic Team Dressage horses being on the same plane, enormous in comparison, and that they weighed exactly twice as much as her six horses! Christiana was laughing when she told us about the NBC reporter waiting on the tarmac to “interview” Rafalca who came straight up to Ginny and Tucker and asked if one of them was the right horse?! Hawley, meanwhile, is convinced that Ginny was so good because The Wizard and Ravel, traveling just behind her, had been whispering in her ear throughout the journey and telling her how to do proper dressage! All joking aside, Dr Christiana Ober deserves an enormous pat on the back for delivering the horses in such fine form, especially as they undertook a large bulk of the journey in the extreme heat of the United States. Christiana explained that it’s all a matter of making sure they have plenty of fluids and keeping a close eye on them. We also discussed how these Games will be the ‘cleanest’ yet; the FEI are making it clear that there will be zero tolerance and increased monitoring and testing, including video surveillance in the barns. To ensure there are no mistakes, they are allowing sample testing 14 days from arrival at the Games and you can hear a brief interview with Dr Christiana Ober explaining the protocol on next week’s Eventing Radio Show, online Thursday 19th July. - Exponential looks a million dollars and super fit. Jessie warmed him up with some counter bending, and leg yielding in trot and canter, and then let David get on. David worked him pretty hard, and is strict about everything. I also watched him ride Peter’s horse Eddie (Kilrodan Abbot), and both times was reminded of Alison Oliver telling me, “Every time you let a horse get away with something, you’re training him to do it.” In his very calm, quiet but equally strong and disciplined way David instinctively knows when to ask for more, how much to push, how to resolve any argument or when to reward wonderful work, and it’s a treat to watch. Both Jessie and Peter got back on their horses after David, and I spoke to Jessie back at the barn. - - I also spoke to Peter for the Eventing Radio Show and you can hear that interview on next week’s episode as well. Peter, as a lifelong amateur and one-horse operation, confided that he’d had some some anxiety beforehand about immersing himself in the team culture, but said he is absolutely loving it; he told me this is the first competition he’s done outside of North America and it’s a huge relief for him to have the Team handle all of the logistics, and indeed there is no stone left unturned – the whole operation that is Team Canada Eventing runs like the proverbial well-oiled machine. - - Not only that but the energy within it is wonderful too, very supportive, very easy-going but uber efficient and top notch. Maizey Manor couldn’t be a more perfect base – quiet and ideally situated with just two barns, one of which now belongs to the Canadians. - - A lovely outdoor arena, a walker, turn- out, amazing hacking and access to gallops, and especially the combined bonus of gracious hostess Catherine Burrel who by all accounts is an outstanding cook, and Jacky Green who hardly needs an introduction, but who I was very happy to meet in person finally – a canny place to base your team before a major Championship. - I’ve been a huge fan of Shandiss’ horse Rockfield Grant Juan since I first saw him at Poplar Place early this year, and he continues to improve all the time. An enormous bay who looks like he’ll never stop trying his very hardest, and with jump and brains to match he still looks as if he has some growing into his frame to do so perhaps it won’t be the worst thing in the world if he doesn’t get the run this time. I talked briefly to Shandiss about her plans as an alternate. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tobsh6FyI-Q - Michelle Mueller’s Amistad is an interesting horse – on the flat Thursday, even just on what is supposed to be a gentle training day he is seriously impressive, and could easily be mistaken for an upper level pure dressage horse. Weaned from his mother at a week and a half, Michelle will explain in the video below, he suffered an injury before the WEG in 2010, and Michelle gave him a whole year off to make sure that he came back as good as new. Megan, who has come over to England to groom at the Games for Amistad told me, “He knows he’s the Prince, he doesn’t like other horses going by his stall, he can be a little grumpy.” Originally purchased by one of Michelle’s clients as a lesson horse, when she went to University she offered the ride on Amistad to Michelle for five years, and luckily, the relationship between horse, rider and owner blossomed, and Michelle has kept the ride, obviously, ever since. - Michelle explained a little bit more about Amistad being a “bucket baby” after she’d ridden him, and by the way she was one of the select riders to earn a highly coveted “high five” from David that morning! - I hope that Marlborough enjoyed better weather yesterday afternoon than we did in Henley-on-Thames for Michelle and Megan’s sake as we endured incessant pouring rain which lasted well through the night, about the same amount of time it took to upload the videos! I chatted with Rebecca Howard about her plans after the Games for she will, of course, be staying here in England, and she told me that contrary to her nature, she doesn’t have much planned as yet. Hopefully after a good run, Rupert (Riddle Master) will have a rest, and she hasn’t committed to any barn long-term yet she said, but will shop around a bit before making up her mind. - Rupert looked very professional after Rebecca managed to convince him there really were no tigers in the far corner of the arena! David is so soft-spoken it was impossible to hear what he was saying to each rider, but every horse worked on collection, and then lengthening within the paces and then each ride was tailored to that horse’s particular needs. I’ll be sorry to miss more of the intense training later this week, and next, but was incredibly impressed by what I saw today, not only in the ring, but in the barn and just in general. - He already had the best hair in the business , but now Graeme Thom adds a puppy to his arsenal! Many thanks to the entire Canadian Team for welcoming me and my children so warmly, and showing me a glimpse of such a first rate operation. It was a fascinating and highly enjoyable morning and I wish the Canadian Squad nothing but the very best of luck as they make their final preparations and at the Games themselves. Go Canada and Go Eventing! By Samantha Clark on Jul 11, 2012 4:29 pm - 208 views Imperial Cavalier and Mary King (at Barbury) Hawley Bennet-Awad and Gin’n’Juice (at Badminton) Lenamore and Caroline Powell (at Burghley) It seems I made the quiz far too easy this weekend, it won’t happen again! Congrats to Olivia Quill, Isabella Bartolucci, Hayley Sullivan, Katie Bornholdt-Peery and Annica Berg who all got it right – please send me your addresses and I’ll make you get an Olympic memento of some sort. Go the London 2012 Olympics. Please check out the Eventing Radio Show if you haven’t done so already for lots more Games Fever – on this week’s show online Thursday July 12th – German Team Coach Christopher Bartle, Swedish rookie Ludwig Svennerstal, a preview of Stuart Horse Trials with organiser Heidi Vahue and checking in with Canadian Jessie Phoenix to see how she’s mending (splendidly!). Go the Eventing Radio Show, and Go Eventing Nation!	Badminton
Who directed the film Mr. Smith Goes To Washington	Badminton Life 2014 by HRCS - issuu issuu BADMINTON Life The official magazine of The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials May 2014 ÂŁ8.00 2 FOREWORD The very wet winter hardly hindered the course building, but certainly made other major projects here much more difficult. Who would have thought even 10 years ago, let alone when Badminton started in 1949, that we would be installing a network of underground fibre optic cables to speed communication all over the showground! Modern technology is being harnessed to help present Three Day Eventing, perhaps one of this countryâ€™s most traditional sports in appearance. I would particularly like to thank the very small permanent team in the Horse Trials Office, led by Jane Tuckwell, for their total dedication and never failing good humour, even when the pressure is piling up just before the event starts. We welcome you all to Badminton and hope that you enjoy the Park as much as we do, while appreciating both the sport and the magnificent range of shops! , KIT HOUGHTON 013 WAS ONE of the best ever editions of The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials, with wonderful weather, record crowds and a competition that thrilled us to the very last show jump. While we can only influence some of the factors I am expecting another very good Event, thanks to the excellent team of volunteers, officials and contractors who help us stage these very complex few days. I am particularly looking forward to seeing the finished version of the cross country course, designed for the first time by Giuseppe della Chiesa from Italy â€“ no stranger to Badminton, having been Technical Delegate here in the past. My wife and I have watched his new ideas being realised since last autumn and with the skills of the Willis Bros course building team I am sure the end result will be both attractive and a fair test for the extraordinarily talented riders who now compete here. I am expecting another very good Event, thanks to the excellent team of volunteers, officials and contractors 3 C ontents ONCE AGAIN THE time is upon us for another sensational Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials. This year is an extra special Horse Trials for me, as I will be spending cross-country day as part of my wonderful friend Victoria’s hen weekend, and what better way to celebrate … horses, shops and champagne all a stone’s throw away from each other! It is all change this year as I have no doubt riders are intrigued and excited to ride our new cross-country course, as we welcome a new recruit to our Badminton team – the course design baton has been passed into the safe hands of Giuseppe della Chiesa, who has taken on the prestigious role. Turn to page 50 to read our exclusive interview with Giuseppe and hopefully have the majority of your questions answered. This issue is packed with fabulous exclusive interviews, as we meet the Event Coordinator of the Grassroots Event Ollie Bush on page 6 as she shares how she keeps everything in order, and we speak to three grooms on page 70, as they reveal all their tips on how they keep their horses in tip-top shape. We are also reminded how our sport is always improving its safety, as safety officers reveal how they have been making the sport safer and the technology that has been assisting them in order to so. Turn to page 20 for the full feature , Here’s to a wonderful Event! Joanne Sindall Editor “I’M NOT ONE OF THOSE LADIES THAT LUNCH” 06 Event co-ordinator Ollie Bush talks about the busy run up to The Mitsubishi Motors Grassroots Event and how she got involved in Badminton CHOSEN CHARITY 10 Following a successful London Olympics, Equestrian Team GBR are the chosen benefactors of this year’s trials. Find out what that means here SAFETY FIRST 14 Gillian Newsum discovers how British Eventing’s safety officers have been making the sport safer and the technology that has helped them to do so 10 4 BADMINTON LIFE DOES BREEDING MATTER? 20 Is the secret to victory really all in the genes? Carole Mortimer takes a look at previous winners to find out TRADING PLACES 26 Meet three varied tradestands heading to Badminton this year and get a preview of what the shopaholics among you can look forward to! FOOD FOR THOUGHT! 30 What edible delights are in store at this year’s Event? Katie Roebuck tempts our taste buds with a handful of the highlights 26 06 20 Publisher Archant Dialogue, Prospect House, Rouen Road, Norwich NR1 1RE Tel. 01603 664242 Fax: 01603 627823 email: [email protected] Website: www.archantdialogue.co.uk Senior Editor Joanne Sindall Tel: 01603 772550 [email protected] Managing Art Editor Nicky Wright Junior Art Editor Abigail Burroughes Creative Director Nick Paul Account Director Catherine Goad Managing Director Mick Hurrell Publishing Director ZoĂŤ Francis-Cox Digital Editor Tom Smith For all advertising enquiries, please contact: Head of Advertising Sales Stephen Price Commercial Manager James Houlder Tel: 01603 772538 [email protected] Managing Advertising Production Controller Kay Brown Tel: 01603 772522 [email protected] Badminton Horse Trials Office Badminton Gloucestershire GL9 1DF Tel 01454 218272 Fax 01454 218596 E-mail [email protected] Website www.badminton-horse.co.uk ÂŠ Badminton 2014 All rights reserved. Material contained in this publication is protected by copyrights and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, without prior permission from Archant Life Limited. Views expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of Archant Life Limited which accepts no responsibility for them. Badminton Life magazine does not accept unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations and cannot accept responsibility for them, or for errors in articles or advertisements in the magazine. 14 5 BADMINTON LIFE Front Cover photo: The Lake Complex, cross country at The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials, 2013 Photographer: Leo Mason sports photos/Alamy BADMINTON CO-ORDINATOR ‘‘I’M NOT ONE OF THOSE LADIES THAT LUNCH’’ ALL PHOTOS: MARK FAIRHURST NO TWO DAYS ARE THE SAME FOR CONFESSED WORKAHOLIC OLLIE BUSH. THE MITSUBISHI MOTORS GRASSROOTS EVENT CO-ORDINATOR TALKS TO ELLIE HUGHES ABOUT HER INVOLVEMENT IN THE GREAT EVENT OLLIE BUSH HAS proved rather elusive to pin down. Not intentionally; it’s just that she never stays in the same place for more than ten minutes. “I like to be busy – I’m always dashing here, there and everywhere. I’m not one of those ladies that lunch,” she quips. Listening to her describe a typical working day, you can quite believe it. Most days, Ollie will be up and outside at 5.15am, helping to muck out the yard full of horses on her family’s farm in Wiltshire. The rest of the day is taken up with farm chores, riding, Horse Trials meetings, planning and admin. Ollie has been the driving force behind The Mitsubishi Motors Grassroots Championship since its inception at Badminton in 2010. “It’s a very important competition that’s growing in momentum,” she says. “There is more interest now than there ever has been – and for good reason. It gives amateur riders a goal. These are the people the sport needs to be looking after; they’re the ones who keep the wheels turning for those competing above them.” Ollie’s first foray onto Badminton’s hallowed turf was not as a spectator, but as a rider. “I competed there in a working hunter pony class on a little skewbald pony. I was beaten by Princess Anne,” she says matter-of-factly. “Back then 7 there were lots of other classes going on in the background. It was all very relaxed and informal. You had a free rein to amble around and do what you liked.” Within the modern constraints, it is precisely this relaxed, friendly atmosphere that Ollie wanted to recreate with The Mitsubishi Motors Grassroots Championship. “It makes me smile when people roll up at the gate towing their horses in trailers and getting out their BBQs – it’s like Badminton was 50 years ago,” she says. “The riders have all worked extremely hard to get here and – in many cases – sacrificed a lot along the way. I want them to come and enjoy themselves.” For this reason Ollie carefully chooses the people who work with her behind the scenes. “I won’t have grumpy people. I want the competitors to be greeted at the gate with a smile,” she says. The Mitsubishi Motors Grassroots Championship is almost entirely selfcontained in the field on the opposite side of the lane between Huntsman’s Close and The Quarry. Ollie is based there for the duration. “There is a fantastic atmosphere in the lorry park. Many of the riders stable their horses for the whole week and stay and watch the main competition,” she says. w BADMINTON LIFE Ollie’s life has been steeped in horses, though not necessarily Eventing. “Hunting is my first love. It was through hunting with the Berkeley that I met my first husband [Nick Bush],” she explains. Nick came from a point-to-pointing family who were all very good jockeys. This gave Ollie the incentive to try her hand on the racetrack. “I wasn’t particularly good, but I wasn’t terrible. I had great fun,” she says. Eventing first entered on to Ollie’s radar “many moons ago,” unsurprisingly through hunting. “Our circle of friends at the time included Mike and Angela Tucker, who ran [the now defunct] Tetbury Horse Trials, Toby and Gail Sturgis, who organised Dauntsey Park, and Captain Phillips and Princess Anne,” Ollie explains. “I got roped into helping at Events by taking entries, drumming up helpers and sponsors, and finding fence judges.” Ollie’s two (now grown-up) children, Fraser and Amanda, grew up with Mike and Angela’s son, Andrew, and Zara and Peter Phillips. “We all had young children around the same time, so we had a ready-made band of fence painters. We had to do something with them,” she laughs. Through Captain Phillips Ollie also became involved in the Festival of British Eventing at Gatcombe Park, where she is still entries secretary. “It was actually at Gatcombe several years ago that Hugh Thomas first approached me about taking on the Grassroots Championship,” Ollie recalls. “He cornered me over a coffee and told me he’d had this great idea that he wanted me to help him with. I’d been involved at Badminton for donkey’s years, but I was still surprised when he told me about the role he wanted me to take on.” Ollie is in charge of overseeing everything to do with the Grassroots Festival, from organising stabling and dressage judges, to putting on entertainment for the competitors and 8 BADMINTON LIFE Ollie has been the driving force behind The Mitsubishi Motors Grassroots Championship since its inception at Badminton in 2010 BADMINTON CO-ORDINATOR sorting out accommodation. She liaises closely with the Director Hugh Thomas and his Assistant, Jane Tuckwell. “We run a very efficient ship,” she says. “It is hard work and time-consuming, but also incredibly rewarding. Hugh’s great to work with. He’s fair, good fun – but he’s not afraid to give your wrist a slap if you drop him in the sh*t. “And I like to think I am strict, but fair,” continues Ollie. “I don’t suffer fools and if a rider rings me up and spins me a yarn that I know is a pack of lies then they’ll be the first to know what I think. If people put their hands up and are honest, then I’m more than happy to help them.” This brings us on to Ollie’s pet hate: pretentiousness. “I don’t like people who stick a badge on and think they’re everything,” she says. “If somebody who gets given an officials’ badge abuses it or starts getting pompous, they will have me to answer to!” Away from Horse Trials, Ollie now spends much of her time helping out on the 74-acre farm where she lives with her second husband, Grant Cann, just outside Bath. “We used to farm in Devon and have only recently moved east,” explains Ollie. “Grant holds a National Hunt licence and we have a few horses in training. I still ride out most days and we’ve also dabbled in a bit of racehorse breeding.” Turns out this “dabbling” resulted in the breeding of a horse called What A Friend, who they sold as a four-yearold and went on to finish fourth in the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 2011 when owned by Sir Alex Ferguson and trained by Paul Nicholls. “He’s come back to us now that he’s retired from National Hunt racing,” says Ollie. “My daughter, Amanda, rides him. She might do a few hunter chases with him this year.” Both Amanda and Ollie’s son, Fraser, are still involved in Eventing, both helping at Badminton and Gatcombe. Their friend, Andrew Tucker, is Badminton’s sponsorship consultant, while Peter Phillips has proved himself a proficient Event organiser, having orchestrated the inaugural London leg of the showjumping Global Champions Tour last year. Seems like the next generation is waiting in the wings to take over. “I would like to think that in the not-so-distant future, the ‘old school’ will be able to hand over the reins to the young blood,” says Ollie. “With the emphasis now very much on technology and social media, we need young brains on the job.” In the meantime, however, there is still plenty of paperwork and excitement to keep this workaholic happy for the foreseeable future. , 9 BADMINTON LIFE I don’t suffer fools and if a rider rings me up and spins me a yarn that I know is a pack of lies then they’ll be the first to know what I think G CHOSEN CHARITY LEFT: London Olympics 2012, the British team celebrate with a lap of honour Since the advent of Badminton, British Eventers have won three team and two individual golds at the Olympics “LONDON 2012 may be a distant memory but one of the memories that is always at the forefront of my mind is not the medals won or opportunities missed, but the reaction of the British public – in the stadium at Greenwich, in the Olympic Park and during the Team GB parade through London. It was an overwhelming feeling of support, a surge of loyalty to the Team and a united human ‘metamorphic mass’, willing the British athletes to win. I am certain this support was a key factor in the success of the GBR team; all the athletes spoke of it and I know it impacted on me personally.” WILL CONNELL MBE EXPLAINS TO ELEANORE KELLY THE VITAL ROLE OF EQUESTRIAN TEAM GBR IN BRITAIN’S EVENTING SUCCESS AND TELLS YOU HOW YOU CAN HELP THIS YEAR’S CHOSEN CAUSE SPORT IN PICTURES/ALAMY Will Connell MBE, Equestrian Performance Director and Chef de Mission 11 It was the 10th Duke of Beaufort who, in 1949, decided that an Event should be run on his Estate for British riders to train for future international Events. It therefore seems rather fitting that this year’s chosen cause is Equestrian Team GBR. Since the advent of Badminton, British Eventers have won three team and two individual golds at the Olympics, six team and five individual golds at the World Championships and 21 team and 18 individual golds at the European Championships. Original plans to support Equestrian Team GBR as Badminton’s chosen cause in 2012 before the London Olympics were thwarted when Badminton was cancelled. This year we have the World Equestrian Games (WEG) in Normandy, France to look forward to, hence Equestrian Team GBR seemed an obvious choice to benefit from The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials. Fund-raising activities at The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials will involve a tradestand in the village incorporating both Equestrian Team GBR and Hoof, the British Equestrian Federation’s Olympic and Paralympic legacy brand, which aims to encourage more people to take up horse riding, driving, vaulting and volunteering. By connecting people to riding centres, schools, clubs and equestrian sporting organisations, Hoof, which is supported by Sport England, is helping more people to discover horses, get fit and improve their well-being. ‘Henry’, the mechanical horse, will be in attendance offering people the opportunity to have a go at horse riding in return for a donation. There will be a charity dinner on the Friday evening following the launch of Olympic dressage rider Carl Hester’s autobiography, with all proceeds from the dinner going w BADMINTON LIFE CHOSEN CHARITY BELOW, LEFT TO RIGHT: LEO MASON SPORTS PHOTOS/ALAMY Switzerland’s vaulting team at the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; The Land Rover International Driving Grand Prix, Windsor Great Park, UK ZUMA PRESS, INC./ALAMY The brand Equestrian Team GBR was created in 2005 as there was nothing that bound the various FEI disciplines together towards the team. There will also be course walks with team experts as well as the usual ‘bucket rattlers’. In addition the ever-popular Toggi Team GBR Supporter range of clothing will be on sale at the Event. It is hoped that at least £30,000 will be raised and the money will go entirely to supporting athletes to compete for medals in each of the eight FEI disciplines – in 2014 and at future Championships. As well as dressage, Eventing, showjumping and para-equestrian dressage, these include the non-Olympic disciplines of driving, reining, endurance and vaulting. Such sports do not have the luxury of Lottery funding and find it a struggle to attain the financial support they deserve. These non-Olympic disciplines have a successful legacy in Great Britain and include some incredibly talented athletes. An example of where funds from Badminton may be used is to help these athletes prepare for WEG and ensure that they can take support staff such as physiotherapists and vets that will assist both equine and human deliver their best performance. The cost of sending a team abroad is impossible to quantify, but the set costs will include ferry charges, entry fees and fuel. However, it is the variable costs that a successful fund-raising campaign will impact on such as employing and accommodating these extra performance-enhancing support staff. At present UK Sport is the major financial contributor to Equestrian Team GBR through the Lottery-funded World Class Programme. This funding supports the performance and development programmes as well the teams competing across the Paralympic and Olympic sports. Additional support is provided by Team GBR’s official suppliers: Toggi (Equestrian Team GBR clothing), Nuumed (numnahs), Dodson & Horrell (feed and diet analysis), Land Rover (vehicles), Mears (riding coats), NAF (supplements) and TAGG (horse rugs). The brand Equestrian Team GBR was created in 2005 as there was nothing that bound the various FEI disciplines together. By creating a look and feel to Team GBR, the objective was to create a positive environment that allows athletes and staff to perform to their optimum. Some may argue that ‘equestrian’ is not a team sport (aside from vaulting) when compared with, say, hockey or rugby. The reality is that it is very much a team philosophy with all athletes (who spend most of the year competing against each other) and support staff working and training together in order to achieve the best possible results. Equestrian Team GBR is designed to provide a noncommercial, performance-focused team environment for all FEI related disciplines in all age groups competing at European and World Championship level. At Olympic and Paralympic Games athletes compete as Team GB and Paralympics GB under the banner of the British Olympic Association and British Paralympic Association respectively. The British Equestrian Federation Fund (BEFF) operates in partnership with Equestrian Team GBR to fund the 12 BADMINTON LIFE CHOSEN CHARITY I believe the vast majority of the British public want to see Equestrian Team GBR win medals and demonstrate that the United Kingdom is still a global power in the corridors of equestrian sport above: Will Connell on what your support means to Team GBR: requirements of the team. The Trust’s objective is to assist in the provision of representation of Great Britain at international equestrian events and competitions (in particular Olympic Games), and to assist in encouraging and improving the training of horses for that purpose. Monies raised at Badminton will go to both BEFF and Equestrian Team GBR. For nearly a decade the Equestrian Team GBR brand has been worn by British team members who represent our nation and compete so successfully on the international stage. Equestrian Team GBR brings together not only Britain’s top riders, but also their dedicated support network of owners, trainers, vets and grooms, in all equestrian disciplines, all of whom play a vital role in the quest for championship glory. “I believe the vast majority of the British public want to see Equestrian Team GBR win medals and demonstrate that the United Kingdom is still a global power in the corridors of equestrian sport. Our success in London is recognised through the UK Sport controlled Lottery funding the BEF receives and which is managed through the World Class Programme. While this makes a huge difference, we are obliged to make a significant contribution to the budget that the Lottery funding supports. Furthermore it does not support the non-Olympic disciplines that also make up the World Equestrian Games. “The riders, grooms, team staff and owners WANT AND NEED YOUR SUPPORT. Please support Equestrian Team GBR, donate what you can, buy and wear Team GBR clothing with pride and please buy Lottery tickets. Let’s all help recreate a little bit of London in Normandy!” , KIT HOUGHTON 13 BADMINTON LIFE SAFETY FIRST! IN THE LAST 10 YEARS THERE HAS BEEN A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN THE LEVEL OF SAFETY IN EVENTING. GILLIAN NEWSUM TALKS TO TWO PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN AT THE FOREFRONT OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS TO HELP REDUCE SERIOUS INJURY TO RIDERS COURSE SAFETY ALL PHOTOS: KIT HOUGHTON Nicola Wilson (GBR) riding Opposition Buzz at The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials 2013 THERE’S NOTHING LIKE a few statistics to get your average horse enthusiast hastily changing the subject, but for Jonathan Clissold, British Eventing’s National Safety Officer, they are fascinating and, more importantly, provide an essential tool for developing better cross-country courses. “Data collection has played a big part in improving the safety of courses,” he says. “But you have to be careful how you interpret the data, as there will always be an element of chance: sometimes horses just don’t read a fence the way you think they will.” Jonathan, a former Event rider, began honing his cross-country course building and design skills at local Horse Trials and hunter trials, putting to good use his training as a furniture designer and cabinetmaker. In the last 20 years he has been involved with a number of international courses including Burghley and, more recently, the London Olympic course at Greenwich, which was both technically and logistically demanding. He is an FEI course designer and technical delegate, and has been a part of Eventing’s safety team for more than 12 years. But back to the statistics, briefly: since 2002, detailed information has been gathered from cross-country courses at all BE Events – the style and dimensions of every fence on the course, the types of falls, the point of impact of the horse with the fence, the injuries sustained to horse and rider, and so on. The analysis and understanding (Jonathan’s task) of this broad spectrum of information has had an enormous influence on cross-country design, and hence the safety of courses. And here’s a statistic to prove it: between July 2002 and June 2012, the number of falls per thousand fences jumped has dropped from 1.3 to just under 1.1. One of the most exciting safety advances during this time has been the development of the frangible pin. The idea of the pin emerged following the Hartington enquiry, which in turn had come about as a result of the unacceptably high level of fatalities (five) in 1999. One of the people brought into this far reaching enquiry was the racing driver Jackie Stewart, who introduced BE to the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), a company that had been working closely with Formula 1 racing after the sport suffered a surge in fatalities. Extensive research at TRL showed that rotational (somersaulting) falls, which often result in severe injury or even death to a rider if they are crushed under the horse, occur when a horse hits a solid fence between the knee and the elbow; it also showed that these types of falls could be prevented if the solid rail gave way on impact. Thus a frangible pin was created that would break under a given loading, and in 2002 this new pin was piloted at 13 UK Events. The results were impressive. “I can remember standing at a corner fence at Withington with Hugh Thomas when a horse put its front feet between the two sets of rails,” recalls Jonathan. “What looked liked being a serious somersault fall ended up being quite inconsequential.” It was enough to convince them both that the frangible pin was good news. w There will always be an element of chance: sometimes horses just don’t read a fence the way you think they will 15 Laura Collett (GBR) riding Noble Bestman, Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials 2013; The Lake, cross-country COURSE SAFETY Frangible pins were also trialled at Badminton that year, where riders expressed concern about being penalised if their horses knocked down a frangible pin fence, whether or not the horse fell or was likely to have fallen. BE soon removed such penalties but it took the FEI until 2013 to follow suit. The FEI has also introduced a minimum standard of strength for any frangible pin, or similar device, so that fences cannot be knocked down too easily. “It was felt very strongly that the cross-country should be predominantly over fixed fences, otherwise the nature of the sport would change,” explains Jonathan. These days any fence on a BE crosscountry course that meets the criteria for having a frangible pin (normally upright rails and gates) must have one fitted. It doesn’t cost the organisers any extra, since BE pays for all the pins, and it might save someone’s life. “This is a risk sport,” says Jonathan. “But if something like the frangible pin can just save one person from being seriously injured then obviously it is worthwhile.” The same view is generally held about air jackets, another major development in safety for riders, and not just Event riders. For some, the jury is still out on the air jacket, but the majority of top Event riders will not set off on a crosscountry course without one, and plenty will vouch for their air jacket’s role in reducing the seriousness of injuries sustained from a fall. When Laura Collett went into a coma for six days after a fall at Tweseldown last summer she was told by paramedics that her air jacket had probably saved her life. The air jacket is a remarkable piece of engineering and design, and its arrival on the equestrian scene has been quite an achievement. The idea that an air bag, inflated by a canister, which is activated by a rip cord attached to the saddle, could protect a rider from serious injury in a fall was met initially with much scepticism. It took determination to see this one through. The story of the Point-Two company, the market leader in air jackets in the UK, is long and complex with enough trials and tribulations to have even the most hardened businessman weeping over his breakfast in despair. In brief, it goes like this: Helite, a French company founded Resetting frangible pin at The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials 2013 Any fence on a BE cross-country course that meets the criteria for having a frangible pin (normally upright rails and gates) must have one fitted in 2002, had developed an air bag for hang gliders, followed by one for motor cyclists and then one for horse riders. In 2008 Helite agreed to sell their horse riding jackets through a British company run by the youthful Lee Middleton who, as turned out, took on a little more than he had bargained for. First, there was the small problem of not speaking French. Seeing “EN13158” on the label of the Helite jackets, Lee took this to mean that they were the correct standard for cross-country riding. What the label actually said was that the air jacket had to be worn in conjunction with an EN13158 jacket (ie a level 3 body protector). Undaunted, Lee discarded the heavy, bulky Helite jacket and produced a more lightweight shell 17 BADMINTON LIFE that still housed the airbag technology from Helite but could be worn over the top of a body protector. Before it went on the market, the new jacket had to be approved by BE. Surgeons were consulted, tests were carried out at TRL to make sure that the inflated jacket could bear adequate loads and that the rider’s neck would not be injured on impact, and X-rays were taken at a hospital to ensure that an inflated jacket did not cause a kink to the neck. Finally, just two weeks before the start of the 2009 season, when it looked as if his jacket had got the green light, BE highlighted the possibility of horses being dangerously frightened by the noise of the canister going off, particularly if this happened in a busy collecting arena. As it turned out, the loudspeaker system registers more sound bites than an air jacket going off, so Lee got the go ahead and began selling his first air jackets at Belton, courtesy of the Tigga Saddlery stand. Sales were slow initially, even though four top riders – Piggy French, Oli Townend, Sacha Pemble and Angus Smales – had offered to wear the jackets on trial because they were keen to help promote this new safety device. But on the final day of Belton an Irish rider, Ian Olding, was killed on the cross-country, and before long there was a queue of w COURSE SAFETY people waiting to buy the air jackets. “It wasn’t the way I would have wanted it,” says Lee, but by the end of the year he had sold well over 2,000 jackets and was struggling to keep up with demand. Then a major problem was discovered: there was a fault in the housing of the air canister and some jackets had spontaneously inflated. So, at great expense, all the jackets were recalled and put right. “That was nearly the finish of us, to be honest,” recalls Lee. But the company was thrown a lifeline by a group of investors prepared to take a 45 per cent share and provide the finance to employ a top engineer to develop the company’s own canister trigger and airbag. Now Point-Two no longer buys any technical parts from Helite, but has complete control over its own faster and “hopefully foolproof” system. The reason it is called “Two-Point” is because the new canister can now inflate an air jacket in two tenths of a second. There are other air jackets on the market, for example Hit Air and Helite, and, as Jonathan Clissold points out, it would be good to have a minimum standard that all air jackets have to meet. The jackets cannot protect a rider in every possible circumstance (for example, if a horse comes down with the rider still in the saddle), but they are undoubtedly a valuable weapon in the battle for better safety. And in the view of BE’s Chief Medical Officer, Judith Johnson, any additional protection for riders is a good thing. “The air jacket is a great innovation.” , 60 seconds William Moseley Assistant Site Manager Putting together The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials every year is no mean feat, so we talked to William Moseley about what it takes What does your job involve? Assisting Site Manager Harry Verney with all aspects of the site and the Event – tradestands, loos, catering outlets, hospitality areas, all of it! I’m also specifically in charge of co-ordinating 40 Mitsubishi Motors courtesy vehicles. What’s the best bit about your job? I really enjoy being outside in the fresh air, and working with such a great team of people is a real privilege. Who do you work with day to day? Mainly Harry Verney, but also fellow Site Managers Roddy MacGregor, Barry King and Lucinda Hanbury. What is your most memorable experience of the Event? Driving very rapidly down the M5 with a police escort to Frenchay hospital! I was driving the father of a rider who had been airlifted to the hospital. Luckily, her injuries were not too serious. I can assure you the journey back to Badminton was considerably slower! Mary King (GBR) riding Imperial Cavalier Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials 2013; cross country Where would you choose to spend any free time at the Event? I don’t get much free time, but when I do I like meeting up with friends and perhaps taking a short doze under a tree! How do you celebrate the end of another successful Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials? The morning after the Event the team all meet up for a hearty breakfast in the groom’s canteen in Badminton House. I really enjoy being outside in the fresh air, and working with such a great team of people is a real privilege 18 BADMINTON LIFE Our range of beautifully handcrafted sterling silver jewellery includes exclusive equestrian designs especially created by country lovers for country lovers! See our collection here. House and Wine Ltd trading as Hiho, registered in England no. 05627807 Jumbo, Thoroughbred and Irish Draught mix stallion, is the highest placed British stallion in the world sire rankings (fourth) 20 BREEDING KIT HOUGHTON IS THERE MORE TO A SUCCESSFUL BADMINTON HORSE THAN MEETS THE EYE OR ARE THEY THE LUCKY ONES – THE HORSES THAT MET THE RIGHT RIDER AT THE RIGHT TIME AND HAD THE RIGHT LUCK ON THE RIGHT DAY? DOES THEIR BREEDING REALLY MATTER OR MAKE A DIFFERENCE? CAROLE MORTIMER INVESTIGATES Jane HoldernessRoddam and Warrior at Badminton Horse Trials 1978 21 Jane Bullen, first female member of a British Olympic equestrian team, negotiates a jump on Our Nobby as the British team move toward a gold medal at the Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City, 1968 AP/PRESS ASSOCIATION IMAGES ON THE FACE of it, it is tempting to say not. A good Badminton horse needs more than a good pedigree; they also need a good rider and good management. Yet a look behind the names of the great Badminton horses reveals that perhaps there is more to their success than can be attributed solely to other factors. Historically and thanks to the programmes that ever since the first Event in 1949 have included the breeding of entries, a look at the horses taking part from the inaugural Event and up to quite recently reveals that the majority were, in the main, either Thoroughbred or mostly Thoroughbred. And recycling racehorses in nothing new – in the early years many also had successful racing careers. Others were bred as hunters that then exceeded expectations. Up to the late ’90s many Event horses were by the Thoroughbred stallions available through the former Hunters Improvement Society (HIS), a scheme funded by the Horseracing Betting Levy Board to provide good stallions at subsidised fees around the country. “The HIS had a huge effect,” says Jane HoldernessRoddam – winner of Badminton in 1968 and 1978. “There was little choice [of stallion] so you put your mare to an HIS Thoroughbred stallion to breed what you wanted. In general that was a hunter type that did everything, which they did, KIT HOUGHTON Does Breeding matter? and when Eventing came along we all had a go. “But because of the HIS stallions our horses were well bred and often out of proven mares – as we all rode our mares – many of which were as successful as geldings.” Jane’s 1968 winner Our Nobby – often cited as a ‘oneoff’ winner in the main due to his small stature – is a good example. He was by the well-bred Thoroughbred Bewildered (also the sire of Young Pretender, who was second at Badminton in 1962 with Colonel Frank Weldon), who boasts a succession of influential stallions in his pedigree (Dark Ronald, w BADMINTON LIFE BREEDING Nearco, Precipitation and Blenheim for example) out of a mare of equally good pedigree. Interestingly Bewildered is also significant in the pedigree of the mare Vickidora, the dam of Carousel Quest, winner of Burghley in 2009. Jane’s 1978 winner Warrior also had a blue-blooded sire by the Thoroughbred Warwick out of Winslade, also the dam of Dalwhinne, seventh at Badminton in 1983 with the now commentator Mike Tucker. The past programmes are littered with like examples that would in themselves take up several pages. Jane however admits that although riders had well-bred horses they were not breeding aware and horses in general were not chosen or bred because of their bloodlines. She says: “In the past we rode what we had but because our horses were mostly Thoroughbred, they were the right type and could jump – which was our starting point. Many were quality big-framed National Hunt types with plenty of bone. They were tough and strong and while they lacked the movement seen in horses today they had stamina. In retrospect the success of those early horses can be attributed to their breeding; they were quality horses and good jumpers – Our Nobby was small but he was beautifully bred.” Badminton Director Hugh Thomas was second at Badminton in 1976 with Playamar, by the Thoroughbred HIS stallion Shelley’s Boy, not that pedigree was a reason to buy the horse. “It was important that he had the right amount of Thoroughbred blood in his make-up but what the horse looked like and what he did was far more important than who he was by when we bought him,” said Hugh. Ten years later Shelley’s Boy reappeared as the dam-sire of Night Cap II (Ginny Leng), winner of Burghley and third and fourth at Badminton 1985 and ’86, and his sister Minerva the dam of Lexington winner Welton Envoy and the stallion Welton Ambassador, still the only stallion to have completed Badminton on three occasions, and also the sire of many Event horses. KIT HOUGHTON Horses taking part from the inaugural Event and up to quite recently … were in the main either Thoroughbred or mostly Thoroughbred Badminton Horse Trials, 1985; Ginny Leng (Virginia Holgate) (GBR) and Night Cap II 22 BADMINTON LIFE BREEDING Paul Tapner with Inonothing and his wife Georgie after winning The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials. Lucinda Fredericks Mitsubishi Badminton Horse Trials winner 2007 “You can’t dismiss the fact that bloodlines keep re-appearing,” says Hugh. “But while I do now believe that breeding is important, what stallion and mare you breed from in order to get the right physical attributes is what matters and I would need convincing that specific bloodlines make a difference.” There are now breeders and riders who do believe that bloodlines are becoming more important. “I would love to select specific bloodlines but those that are proven to be doing well become expensive and hard to find,” says Australian rider Paul Tapner, winner of Badminton in 2010 with Inonothing. Although Inonothing’s direct sire (Basildon Bond) was little known he was, however, of mostly Thoroughbred lines and his grandsire was a former HIS stallion (Hubble Bubble). “Inonothing was not naturally talented but we had a special partnership built on trust. His Thoroughbred blood meant he could make the time and his brain and aptitude meant he was a trier and threw his heart into it,” says Paul, who is a fan of the Thoroughbred but also with a dash of Irish or Warmblood influence in the make-up. The European Warmblood has become more widely seen in the pedigree of modern Event horses for two reasons: the first that breeding technology due to Artificial Insemination has meant that sires can be sourced from around the globe, and the second was the change to Eventing when it dropped the long format in 2006. Paul says: “When the short format was adopted we all thought the Warmblood influence would be greater and indeed to a certain extent it has been, but because of the increased technicality of courses and the time constraints the Thoroughbred has come back and is now the favoured breed – you only have to look at the type and breeding of those horse that are at the top of four-star level.” Paul believes most riders are now much more aware of the breeding of their horses. MICHAEL TUCKER/ALAMY BARRY BATCHELOR/PA ARCHIVE/PRESS ASSOCIATION IMAGES BELOW LEFT TO RIGHT What stallion and mare you breed from in order to get the right physical attributes is what matters “Most riders do put thought into the breeding of the horses they ride and each rider has his own preferred type – trying to source the right horse is now very much part of the game.” For 2007 Badminton winner Lucinda Fredericks that means finding a horse with the right bloodlines but also a sound one with a trainable brain, as well as one that can make the time. She says: “One of the reasons Brit [Headley Britannia, her Badminton winner] was so successful was due to her rideability in the dressage, which I believe came from her sire Jumbo.” w 23 BREEDING 60 Zara Phillips goes on a lap of honour with her horse Toytown at Burghley Horse Trials in 2006 seconds Willa Harford Event Organiser Willa has seen The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials go from strength to strength and here tells us why she enjoys being a part of it all GEOFF ROBINSON/REX How did you get into your job? In 1988 I had a phone call from Jane Tuckwell, whom I already knew, asking if I knew anyone who might help part time at Badminton, so I went along. I helped for a couple of years, then ran a bloodstock business at home with my husband, brought up two children and did some medical administration work, but still helped during the Event. In 2007 I had another call from Jane asking me to work full time because the Event had grown so much – so here I am! Jumbo, also the sire of Andrew Nicholson’s leading four-star horse Avebury, 11th at Badminton last year, is the highestplaced British stallion in the world sire rankings (fourth). He is a mix of Thoroughbred and Irish Draught and both Avebury and Headley Britannia are out of Thoroughbred mares. “Although I am happy not to ride a full Thoroughbred, you have got to have a good proportion of Thoroughbred blood,” says Lucinda, whose first Badminton horse Arctic Goose (27th in 1994) was by the respected National Hunt sire Arctic Que. “Even then knowing who he was by did make a difference to me – he was a recognisable sire of good horses and that gave me confidence,” says Lucinda, who, like Paul, believes that the bloodlines of Event horses have become more influential. She says: “As the sport has become more specialised breeding has become more important – even in the last 10 years and certainly since the Olympic Games in 2008 the quality of horses because of their breeding has got even better. The Swedes, for example, have some stunning Event horses and they have been extremely particular in their breeding programmes. I think even the likes of Toytown [World Champion in 2006 with Zara Phillips and of unknown breeding] would struggle to be competitive now.” So for those riders who want to be competitive does breeding matter. As Lucinda says: “Of course it does.” , Even in the last 10 years … the quality of horses because of their breeding has got even better 24 BADMINTON LIFE What is the best bit of your job? Being part of a highly competent team with particularly nice colleagues, working in a lovely part of the country, meeting and talking to a huge variety of people, dealing with the top riders and horses in the world – and taking my dog, Otis, to work. Have you had any memorable experiences/last minute disasters?! The most memorable experience was Princess Haya of Jordan’s visit to the Event. Not only is she an Olympic rider herself, but she is a great ambassadress for equestrian sports, supports numerous charitable causes and is utterly charming. Apart from the cancellation in 2012, my worst moment was when I went to get the grooms’ prize money and it had all gone … it took some time to find out that it had been relocated without me knowing. I gained a few grey hairs that day! Which rider/horse combo do you most admire and why? Andrew Nicholson on almost anything, but particularly Nereo. Andrew is a magician, making everything look so easy, and Nereo is a lovely horse (my favourite colour too). Also William Fox-Pitt – he and Tamarillo were formidable together. In days gone by, Gill Watson did well with Shaitan and helped teach me and many others to ride at a higher level. What is your favourite thing about the Event? The start of the Event when everything comes together and all that hard work comes to fruition. Also seeing thousands of people who have come from all over the world enjoying themselves (despite the weather). So roughly how many phone calls do you make during this process?! Impossible to tell! Nearer the Event the phone seems to be clamped to my ear all day. However, over the years I have learnt to multi-task, so a lot of my time is spent with a phone in one hand while doing another job with the other. How do you celebrate the end of another successful Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials? Actually, usually rather quietly – we are all quite tired, so it’s not a riotous party, but a glass of champagne if all has gone well, and a sigh of relief! ''I love New Equine Wear 'Vent-Tex' leg wraps and have relied on their Cross Country and Brushing Boots during many years of international competition'' Mary King To view our products on Badminton Shop click here TRADING PLACES BADMINTON LIFE PROFILES SOME OF THE WIDE RANGE OF TRADESTANDS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE SHOPPING VILLAGE THIS YEAR Picture perfect There’s no denying that the tradestands at The Mitsubishi Motors Badminton Horse Trials are full of some extraordinarily talented people. Artist Daniel Crane will once again be showcasing his skilled brushwork and looks forward to welcoming the Badminton crowd: “I will be displaying some of the best paintings that I’ve produced over the year. I’m proud to show them off at Badminton and it’s always nice to see people coming back again and again, saying: ‘Last year Dan, you had this painting … have you got anything similar?’ People remember. It’s exciting and it’s pretty daunting too!” Daniel has been trading at Badminton for 19 years and enjoys the pattern of old faces introducing new ones to his work. “I see people who have collected paintings for 20 years and now their sons and daughters collect paintings. It makes you feel very secure and that all is well with the world. “Ninety per cent of visitors that come to Badminton are interested in what I’m painting and, even if they’re not direct participants in hunting or racing, they still enjoy the scenario that is depicted. The biggest kick I can get professionally is that I made somebody happy and they go away thinking: ‘I really enjoyed that.’” It is easy to see how a visit to Daniel’s 26 BADMINTON LIFE I try to capture the broad spectrum of the country/sporting calendar and everything that goes with it SHOPPING stand is a highlight for any visitor, as Daniel himself is warm, friendly and quick to laugh jovially. He is a man whose genuine adoration of his craft radiates from him and draws you in. Not only is Daniel a veteran trader at Badminton, his work is a lifelong hobby as well – with “sitting at the kitchen table scribbling away” his earliest memory – and combines his twin passions of painting and hunting. “Growing up on a farm I was always close to hunting and shooting. You largely start painting what you’re surrounded by; you paint life. I have a huge passion for hunting – the humbling honesty of a good dog and a great horse that give you everything. I try to capture the broad spectrum of the country/sporting calendar and everything that goes with it.” Though he obviously enjoys the Event itself, it is the closing feeling that Daniel remembers most fondly. “The abiding memory of every year is driving home after you’ve packed up. You’re absolutely knackered because you’ve worked like mad running up to it, but you have this fantastic warm feeling of being among friends in a home environment.” As for any mishaps? “One night the whole of one wall fell down! It was particularly funny because a friend of mine was sleeping in the stand at the time, which broke the fall and didn’t ruin one painting whatsoever! He was pretty dented though. Other than that, there’s all sorts of stuff that I could tell you, but you can’t write it!” he laughs. The bright side of life One of the reasons shopping at Badminton is such a special experience is the eclectic mix of traders the Event attracts. One such stand is Beatrice von Tresckow Designs, whose exotic garments are influenced by Beatrice’s exciting background. Having graduated from Winchester College of Art in 1986, Beatrice started her label in South Africa before setting up her business in England in 1995. Born in India and brought up between Asia and Africa, Beatrice’s designs are inspired by her intriguing formative years: “To live among such fascinating people was so stimulating and I was allowed to roam the bazaars and souks where the amazing profusion of rich colours and textures really got under my skin.” Beatrice’s business certainly keeps her busy, with time to design a luxury: “When I am not selling or on the road I try to prioritise by putting my designing first. I need peace and quiet for it. I am blessed with a fantastic, loyal and experienced team who tackle the administration. From time to time I take on issues which require my personal attention and of course maintain and strengthen my precious relationship with my suppliers.” But her customers are what keep her motivated: “If I am honest, what I love the most is being with a customer. I’m really looking forward to showing off my latest designs at Badminton and meeting new customers, as well as greeting loyal ones when they pass by or drop in for a glass of bubbly!” Who could resist? Now in her 14th year trading at Badminton, Beatrice’s favourite memory was only last year: “2013 was so successful for traders coming in the wake of 2012’s cancellation. The boost w One of the reasons shopping at Badminton is such a special experience is the eclectic mix of traders the Event attracts Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Viva mus sollicitudin nibh at risus 27 BADMINTON LIFE SHOPPING The calibre of an Event like Badminton is an absolute must for any designer looking to showcase their product. There is always a fantastic atmosphere of enjoyment in morale plus the brilliant weather was unforgettable … let’s hope we have the same again this year.” And the worst experience? Beatrice’s attitude, like her clothing, remains sunny: “Just thinking about foot and mouth, the recession and some very soggy Badmintons has me reaching for that bottle, but they all pale into insignificance when there is a cancellation. Too depressing to dwell on!” As Beatrice is based in Cheltenham, Badminton is right on her doorstep, but it’s not just convenience that draws her to Badminton: “The calibre of an Event like Badminton is an absolute must for any designer looking to showcase their product. There is always a fantastic atmosphere of enjoyment (even when the weather is bad) and a wonderful mix of people come to indulge in a truly international Event with its characteristic British style, all set in beautiful grounds.” So why should you go and visit Beatrice’s stand? “I offer a blaze of colour when the skies are grey, warmth when it’s cold and wet outside the stand … and a welcoming glass of champagne regardless!” All that glitters Harriet Glen designs and manufactures her own jewellery and limited edition bronze sculptures, specialising in equine pieces. She started her business, Harriet Glen Designs, in 1978 when she came over to the UK from Australia. David Walsh has been working for Harriet for almost 30 years and never fails to be impressed by her talent: 28 BADMINTON LIFE “I got involved in the business due to the outstanding quality of Harriet’s sculptures and her ability to accurately portray the animal form. I still think there is no one better at sculpting animals and for her to be able to sculpt on a scale for jewellery and also full size horses is amazing. “My favourite pieces are her bronze sculpture, Art of Steeplechasing, and her horse head pendant with diamond trails and sapphire.” Though David has been attending and trading at the Event with Harriet Glen Designs for more than 30 years, it never gets dull for him. “Badminton is still the most iconic of the three-day Events – you see everyone! It is held in the most wonderful location and it still attracts world-class competitors. The organisers are real professionals and have not dumbed down the Event.” This, coupled with some special memories, has kept David coming back. “I have fond memories of the crowds on cross-country day basking in the glorious sunshine one year. And I always enjoy meeting people at the Events we go to.” There are some aspects, however, that David would rather forget. “The mud sticks in my mind, but we have always survived monsoon, gales, mud, scorching heat and foot and mouth!” Not easy when you’re handling armfuls of valuable jewellery and sculptures! One thing that often seems to occur to the traders at Badminton is how lucky they are to be able to combine their work, and their passion for it, with the chance to see some life-long friends. David is no exception to this and muses that “meeting up with old friends and showing off Harriet’s new pieces” are what he is most highly anticipating for 2014. Event-goers have a lot to look forward to at Harriet Glen Designs’ stand too. Even if you’re not looking to buy, the display of – as David states – “world class jewellery and sculptures” gives the whole stand an air of an art gallery, where you are welcome to browse the masterpieces on show. But be warned – one of Harriet’s designs is sure to catch your eye! , FOOD & DRINK FOOD FOR THOUGHT! BADMINTON’S FOOD STANDS DRAW EVERYONE IN, FROM THE DIE-HARD HORSE LOVER TO THE DRAGGED-ALONG PARTNER. WHEN IT COMES TO BEING FED AND WATERED THERE IS EVERYTHING YOU WOULD EXPECT AND JUST A BIT MORE. IF YOU WANT AN INDULGENT TREAT, THEN KATIE ROEBUCK OFFERS A HANDFUL OF WHAT TO FIND IN THE FESTIVAL OF FOOD AND RURAL CRAFT MARQUEES Saint Valentines Liquorice Company When was the last time you tasted real, quality liquorice? Earling McCracken set up Saint Valentines Liquorice in May 1994 as he saw a gap in the market. Saint Valentines were the first UK liquorice brand since Bassetts. Earling said: “I was familiar with liquorice as I had lived in Norway for a few years and Scandinavians are very keen on it. I saw products I had never seen in the UK. The sole aim was to bring liquorice to public events – there was confectionery here, but not specialised liquorice.” The company first traded at Badminton 18 years ago in 1996. Earling said: “Quite simply Badminton is good trade, it’s a busy one. Our liquorice has always been well received at Badminton, as the shoppers there are an adventurous lot. It is a quality product and we are passionate about it. People have a good rapport with it. We have an established relationship with our regular customers which has been carved through passion and a shared experience. Liquorice like this wasn’t available when I started out.” There is a nostalgic feel about the liquorice, in particular the root sticks. Earling added: “There is a strong heritage of liquorice here in the UK. People of a certain age reminisce about liquorice from when they were children. It is very unique. Our best seller is an Italian Liquorice twist. I like liquorice root!” 30 FOOD & DRINK Fudge Kitchen The people who come are really lovely, loyal customers who return to the stand every year Artisan, handcrafted fudge from Fudge Kitchen now offer an alternative to hot chocolate – Drinking Fudge. This will be at Badminton – just like their wares have been the previous eight years they’ve been at the Trials. Patch Hyde, retail manager, says Badminton is a show favourite which attracts a hardy bunch in both traders and visitors. He added: “It kicks off the show season. The people who come are really lovely, loyal customers who return to the stand every year. We have become part of their tradition, which makes you feel quite special.” As a handmade product, Fudge Kitchen is based in the Rural Crafts tent. Patch said: “We are always next to the jewellery stand and within pleasing ear shot of Ron’s piano. In the past we have had to both drag our equipment through welly high quagmires and set up fans to stop the fudge getting too soft. But come hell or high water, they come and we come! It is a long, hard day, but we still have to head back every night to make more fresh fudge for the next day’s onslaught. In fact, we Condessa Welsh Liqueurs 31 BADMINTON LIFE use it as an initiation for our new fudge makers. If they can handle Badminton, they’ve got what it takes!” Patch summed up the camaraderie among his fellow traders who have all become friends over the years – he revealed there is always a roaring trade in swapping produce. “Last year was our best year yet, with over 1,000 sales over the five days and – for the record – Belgian Chocolate Swirl is the most popular fudge flavour for Badminton visitors.” Condessa Welsh Liqueurs Condessa Welsh Liqueurs is a family business. Sally Nelson’s father, Richard Jones, started the company in 1969 making and selling a Welsh cream liqueur. Now Sally, alongside her husband, is involved. Sally recalls how it all began when her father started experimenting with different ingredients. “Richard began with a Welsh cream liqueur. Then he started playing with fruits. He won an innovation award for how he produced the alcohol and it has all progressed from there.” Sally said Richard’s interest grew from the fruit liqueur into different products and methods of making the alcoholic drink; the cream is blended and the fruits are marinated. Richard still formulates new tastes and flavours, and the company has won many awards over the years for innovating fermentation techniques. w FOOD & DRINK Selling via the internet has its advantages, but it’s not possible to taste the drinks this way. It’s important for Condessa to get out to shows and events to allow customers to sample their wares and pick a favourite. Condessa has been at Badminton for the last 12 years. Lots of regular customers are from the horse world and have contributed to making Condessa’s Sloe Gin a best seller. Sally said: “We supply our sloe gin to shoot and game people. This was the reason we started going to the equine events. We also have the Sloe-gasm cocktail, which is cherry liqueur, sloe gin and Prosecco. We are known for our Sloe Gin.” The atmosphere is great, with a super crowd and an abundance of cake lovers – perfect for wandering around the jumps and treating yourself for a good effort! The Little Round Cake Company Brian Crowther founded The Little Round Cake Company in 2009. As much as Brian would like to say he discovered his passion for baking while sitting on his Grandma’s knee and visiting fêtes with his mother back in Yorkshire as a boy, he didn’t. Brian said: “I have never craved the accolades of being a celebrity cake chef reminiscing fondly of my childhood days, I just 32 BADMINTON LIFE wanted to build a team of creative and talented bakers that make mighty fine original cakes that you just want to eat ... and that taste great too!” Brian has been joined by his wife Leanne and a growing team of skilled bakers. The creativity happens at The Little Round Bakery in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, where the team bake thousands of delicious treats each week. Meanwhile, as Brian puts it, his exceptional and passionate customer service team travels up and down the country visiting some of the biggest food festivals, events and farmers’ markets, ensuring as many people as possible get to try the selection of Tweeners, Merangz, Tarts, Brownies and Little Round Cakes. “We booked to come to Badminton two years ago for the first time, unfortunately so did the rain. So last year was our first year. It was so good that we have booked two stands this year. The atmosphere is great, with a super crowd and an abundance of cake lovers – perfect for wandering around the jumps and treating yourself for a good effort!” FOOD & DRINK Last year Brian and his team brought their Giant Swiss Merangz to Badminton and served it with strawberries and cream – “they absolutely flew out!” He says their range of flavours is unmatched. “I have to admit, my favourite is the white chocolate and raspberry tart – anyone reading this who tried it last year will agree!” Sipsmith In a quest for authenticity a crack team of gin experts found each other five years ago and created Sipsmith, celebrating the craft of distillation. Sipsmith has in their armoury ‘Prudence’, a picture of golden pipes and dials. Prudence is the first copper still in London for almost 200 years. She’s been joined by ‘Patience’ and soon there will be another. Sipsmith’s relationship with Badminton is a relatively new one. 2014 will be their third year – but second actually trading – thanks to the rain of 2012. While Sipsmith actively shy away from mass production it has found a home at Badminton – which does what it does on the grandest of scales. Despite the contrast Zoe Zambakides, Sipsmith’s Marketing Director, said: “We feel like there is a lot of philosophical affinity between Sipsmith and the crowd at Badminton: they appreciate labours of love born out of passion and what it truly takes to invest time to create something really special, something that we are exceptionally passionate about.” Sipsmith say there are many parallels between themselves and Badminton; Zoe said: “It’s a wonderful atmosphere, full of genuinely interesting and interested people, with discerning taste.” , 33 BADMINTON LIFE NEW Badminton Shopping Village shop.badminton- horse.co.uk A brand new website for you to visit showcasing a wealth of top brands for you to purchase from The Badminton experience can now last for longer than 5 daysâ€Ś Visit shop.badminton- horse.co.uk today!	i don't know
Curt Smith and Roland Orzabel are better known as which duo	Sorted magAZine - Roland Orzabal A big family get-together Roland Orzabal, formerly of Tears for Fears, discusses his new album, the impact of deaths around him on the new material and working with his former band-mate Curt Smith again. The British duo, Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith, also known as Tears for Fears, swept the charts in the '80s with mega hits such as 'Shout', 'Everybody wants to rule the world' and 'Sowing the seeds of love'. Jumping on-board the early MTV video craze, the angelic-looking Smith and the pensive, contemplative personae of Orzabal, captured worldwide recognition for their brand of intelligent, introspective synth pop. Their debut album in '83, "The Hurting" was followed up in '85 with the hugely successful "Songs from the big chair", much of it based on their then obsession with primal therapy. The latter delivered two number one hits in the USA, along with a bevy of awards. The lads from Bath became the poster boys for adolescent angst. By 1989 and the release of 'The Seeds of love', TFF had broken free from the early musical straitjacket and produced a remarkably expressive album of pivotal work (featuring the soulful talent of Oleta Adams). But the seeds of discontent between Orzabal and Smith were apparent. Splitting up due to creative and personal differences in 1990, both pursued solo musical careers. Smith moved to America, Orzabal remained on home-turf, continuing under the mantle of TFF and releasing four albums; "Tears roll down/Greatest hits" ('92), "Elemental" ('93), "Raoul & the kings of Spain" ('95), "Saturnine, martial and lunatic" ('96). After a five-year hiatus, Orzabal is putting aside both the TFF moniker and more importantly, the TFF themes that have come to identify him with the emotional turmoil that dominated the early albums. Launching his new CD, "Tomcats Screaming Outside", under his own name, Roland hopes to pursue the freedom to create music without the baggage of being considered an 80's retro band - leaving him open to the future possibility of writing, recording and touring again with Smith as TFF. From his hometown of Bath, he discussed the decision to record as just himself. "I was on tour last time doing 'Raoul & the kings Of Spain' in Bogota, Columbia and had a few very, very difficult days of promotion. They were advertising the concert with songs like 'Mad world' and 'Change'. I don't think we had a hit there since 1983. We had a lot of problems with the lights and sound - getting the whole show together, but finally, when I stepped out on stage and after three or four numbers, they were going mad. At the end of the show it was just absolutely phenomenal. Yet during the encores, in my mind, I said, 'I've had enough of this, the whole history of Tears for Fears'." He says that he knew he had to go away and try something else. He wanted to get away from the whole subject material that has been pretty consistent from the beginning and try and go into different areas. It took a while. "I wanted to take away the burden and history of Tears For Fears. I'm not saying that, in the future there won't be another Tears For Fears album, there quite possibly will be. I wanted for this one to take the pressure off, remove the sword of Damocles that's been over my head after every album, and just see where it goes and how it would feel to cut off from the past a little. Not worry about the commercial aspects, how many records are going to sell and that rubbish. Just try on another suit of clothes for a while." The title for the new album, "Tomcats Screaming Outside", came from a remark made by his wife. Roland had been struggling to find an album title for some time. Then his wife's father collapsed and they got a phone call from the hospital at 1:30 in the morning. As his wife went out the door, she said that a tomcat was screaming outside, which he heard as "Tomcats screaming outside" and thought, "hmmm... that's it!" "I thought it was a good title. I wanted something with an urban feel to it. It's more a title of a film or novel, and not the title of a record. Once we'd done the artwork and I chose the album cover, and I saw the title in a certain font, I thought, 'That's good, that's another world and it's different than anything I've done before'. Recent tragedies in his life, including the death of his wife Caroline's parents, influenced some of the themes on the album. "It's difficult when people are dying around you. Caroline lost her mum two years ago, and her dad recently and although they aren't my parents, it does affect you, big time, especially when you see what your partner is going through. We lost our gardener, a good friend of mine lost his wife - a lot of death, I'm afraid. So you see with the lyrics, 'Hey Andy' - 'When I die you'll be waiting for me', I'm trying to gain some understanding of it." The album was co-written and produced with Alan Griffiths, who Roland describes as being obsessed with music, and a bit of a librarian. "The way he catalogues music, sounds and samples. He is extremely critical about music as well - it's his whole life. And working with something like that, in terms of only working with another person, it's brilliant because your own obsessions and instincts are tested against somebody else's. Alan won't rest until he feels something is on the right track. Between the two of us, we can do most things and it's amazing." However, Tears for Fears fans will be happy to hear that Roland has been writing with Curt Smith again after ten years. They have had on-going business together dating from their time together in the band and Roland contacted him in connection with one of his properties in America. Curt replied with an email saying, "Thanks, brilliant, that's excellent. Give me a call, or I'll call you". They spoke on the phone, and Roland says, laughingly, "after that long I think we both realized that we'd grown up! "So much time had elapsed that I think we both realized we were different people, big time. We stared talking again, which was kind of a relief really, as there were so many horrendous grudges kinda floating around. We really have gone in different ways, although we are both in the music industry. We aren't tied to each other so we are going to try it out. We did a couple of weeks together in October and in L.A. in December. "It's strange, 'cos in the 90's when I started working with Al, we'd get together and just write songs. We'd jam and it almost sounds finished while we are jamming. That wasn't how it was in the old days - writing songs was like getting blood out of a stone. Everything was so laboured and studied. Then, when I hooked up with Curt again, it was very strange not to be working in the stream-of-conscious way, which I had been doing with Al." They went into the studio and tried to come up with something that was more commercial. Roland describes it as a frustrating time. "Then something broke all of a sudden and it was really, really catchy! It's been nothing like I've been doing, more like the 'Seeds of love' period. We've got a couple of tracks, but it's a very different way of working. I've been working with Alan as well in regards to a TFF album. Curt is in LA and I've been going over and working at Alan's place, all towards the same goal. Also Charlton Pettus, who Curt's been working with for years, so he's involved as well. A big family get-together!" There have been a few offers from labels and promoters in relation to a Tears for Fears reunion, but they haven't taken anyone up on the offer. Roland said that they wanted to see whether they were still fertile. "At one point, out of the two of us, regardless of who did what, there sprung up an interesting beast. The fact is that I've had enough with doing TFF as myself, as me. I wanted to truly be on my own and therefore that leaves the option of Tears For Fears - what is it, what was it, does it have a future... we don't know. We're going to get together and see what emerges. Yes, there has been a lot of interest, but you can't live your life by those things, it has to feel right. I don't think either of us are the type of people who could actually put our prejudices aside and say, 'We're going do this for the money.' We're not like that." In fact, Roland says that he made more money in the '90s than in the 80s, due to better contracts, more control, more of a catalogue. So, financially, he has done all right out of Tears for Fears. As for the fame, he doesn't miss it. "I was never a fame junky. I always liked the task and project of making records. When I went out on my own, I loved performing. To do great work, in my own opinion, is enough. What's been good, is my level of success and fame has always been controllable. Had I been as big on my own in the 90's as I was in the 80's, it would have unleashed a monster! Most of the success has been outside the country and you can't go through a career of 20 years of making records and not go through a major blip. "I feel I've been lucky, to do what I do, and survive and make a living. At the end of the day, your life doesn't evolve around success, but evolves around your immediate relationships, and that's what makes your life extremely rich." Related by Katherine Kelly The Sorted magAZine discussion forum is back, just click on the text above. Tired of trawling through event listings, 95% of which you have absolutely no interest in? Try ours, it's guaranteed Crap Free TM Enter your email address below and click go	Tears for Fears
On which Scottish island was John Smith the Labour Party leader buried	Bryan Adams Hits The Top Of Album List - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel Bryan Adams Hits The Top Of Album List August 11, 1985\|By Jan DeKnock, Chicago Tribune For the second week in a row, the British duo of Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith -- better known as Tears for Fears -- is at the top of the American singles chart with their big single ''Shout.'' That's the good news. The bad news for Tears for Fears is that they lost their bid for a second straight chart ''double,'' because their album Songs from the Big Chair dropped to No. 2 after four weeks at the top. The new No. 1 album is Reckless by Canadian rocker Bryan Adams, who now has scored yet another impressive chart comeback. The first came in June, when Adams' ballad ''Heaven'' hit No. 1 on the singles list after having made little impact when it was first released in 1983. An even bigger surprise is the recent resurgence of Reckless, which got only as high as No. 6 last January and then quickly dropped out of the Top 10. But the saturation airplay for ''Heaven'' sparked new interest in Reckless. The album started climbing again -- which rarely happens on the chart -- and by early July had finally cracked the Top 5. Though the belated success of Reckless was helped by the release of yet another hit single (''Summer of '69,'' now No. 15), there's another factor at work. With few real blockbuster albums released this summer -- particularly by mainstream rock acts -- record buyers are now stocking up on older releases. That's why Reckless has just now hit No. 1 in its 38th week on the chart, Bruce Springsteen's Born in the U.S.A. is still at No. 5 in its 60th week and Survivor's Vital Signs is holding strong at No. 24 after 46 weeks. Over on the singles chart, look for Tears for Fears' ''Shout'' to have one more week at No. 1, although there will be tough competition from this week's No. 5 song, ''The Power of Love'' by Huey Lewis & the News, and the No. 3 entry, Sting's ''If You Love Somebody, Set Them Free.'' Repeating at No. 2 was Paul Young's ''Everytime You Go Away,'' a former No. 1. This week, there are two pick hits. The first is ''Dress You Up'' by Madonna, who continues her string of hits with another winning dance track. Look for this single to do especially well -- possibly even No. 1 -- because for the first time in months, there is just one Madonna song for radio stations to concentrate on, instead of several. The other pick hit is the Eurythmics' ''There Must Be an Angel,'' a sweet, lilting song that shows off Annie Lennox's voice to great advantage. This single already has hit No. 1 in Britain, and should make at least the Top 10 in America. MORE:	i don't know
Harold J Smith became much more famous when he changed his name to what	The Lone Ranger Fan Club :: Jay Silverheels May 26, 1912 - March 5, 1980 Jay Silverheels will always be remembered as Tonto by Joe Southern EDITOR’S NOTE: In my attempts to contact relatives of the late Jay Silverheels, I was only successful in reaching one nephew, George Smith. He only met Jay once and really didn’t have much recollection of him. I was, however, provided videotape of a Canadian biography on Jay that contains a great deal of his life history. This story is based from information in “The Canadians: Biographies of the Nation” as narrated by Patrick Wilson. Special thanks to Walt Ostin for sending the tape! Thanks to C. Craig Coomer for many of the pictures! Jay Silverheels’ passing on March 5, 1980, left an incredible void in the world of the Lone Ranger. Whenever anyone thinks of Tonto, it’s the image of Jay Silverheels that comes to mind. No other actor has been able to fill the moccasins quite the same way. “We thought he was being a dumb Indian a lot of the time. He’d be creeping around and somebody would hit him on the head and he’d fall over. He wasn’t too happy with that but it was a job and he did it gracefully and with good spirit,” said John Hart, who played opposite Silverheels as the Lone Ranger for 52 episodes in 1952-53. His real name - Harold J. Smith was born May 26, 1912, on the Six Nations Reservation in Canada. He was the third of 11 children, eight boys and three girls. His father, Major George Smith, was the most decorated Native Canadian soldier in World War I. According to Jay’s brother, Les Smith, their father was deaf thanks to a bomb that exploded near him during the war. “He told you to be good, how to be good,” Les said. Young Harry Smith was a natural athlete with good looks who used his charm and athleticism to pay the bills in the Depression era. At the age of 16 he joined a semi-pro lacrosse team called the Mohawk Stars. In addition to being the best player on the team, he became noted for the white running shoes he wore. He was so swift that his feet were streaks of white. Since it wouldn’t have been politically correct to nickname an Indian Whiteheels, he was dubbed Silverheels. By that time Harry was going by the name Jay, hence the name Jay Silverheels. The young Mohawk Indian was a natural athlete. He was into bodybuilding and used makeshift equipment in place of expensive barbells and weights. It was lacrosse that held his attention and he moved to Buffalo, N.Y., to play the sport. He also got into boxing and lived for a while at the home of Jack Donovan. One day he was at a local fair when he happened to take a ride on the Ferris wheel. “I got on the Ferris wheel and rode next to him,” said Edna Lickers. The chance ride led to a new friendship and something more. “It was just something that happened and my son was born in Buffalo,” Lickers said. Jay now had a son, Ron Smith, but he never married Lickers and he certainly couldn’t afford to raise a family. He left Buffalo and returned to the reservation. There, he returned to playing lacrosse. He was one of the highest-scoring and highest-paid players in the nation. On the side he took up modeling. He met his first wife, Bobbi, and they had a daughter named Sharon. During one of his trips to the states, he met and befriended a comedian named Joe E. Brown. It was Brown who convinced Silverheels that with his looks and talent that he could make it in the movies. He went to Hollywood and started getting some bit parts. Bobbi didn’t want to move to California, but did so reluctantly. They ended up separating and divorcing in 1943. Bobbi returned to New York with Sharon. It would be 14 years before Silverheels would see his daughter again. In 1949, Silverheels was cast as Tonto, beating out 35 other contenders for the coveted role on The Lone Ranger. He became the first real Indian to star in a television series. “He became famous playing a role that he knew to be a clumsy portrayal of his own people,” Patrick Wilson said. In 1954 he married Mary DeRoma. “He had this strong desire to get married to this girl,” Hart said. One day before filming at Iverson Ranch, Silverheels refused to get into costume. Clayton Moore checked on him to find out why. It turns out that he was upset that they, as stars of a hit series, didn’t even have their own dressing rooms. They had to change in the men’s room at a gas station down the road. Moore talked him into going on and the next day they had dressing rooms. According to Silverheels’ niece, Joyce Kesmarki, he was pleased to be starring in a hit show, but wasn’t pleased with his character. “He wanted to be more himself instead of the starchy person who said ‘how, me Tonto’ and that sort of thing. He didn’t like that too much,” she said. “I thought he was a good actor,” said his brother, Les. “He was really acting when he played those parts.” “He understood the image. He was very, very frustrated like a lot of Native actors,” said Michael Horse, who later played Tonto on The Legend of the Lone Ranger. In 1955 Silverheels suffered a heart attack and had to be replaced on the show by Chuck Courtney as Dan Reid. Silverheels returned to work, but the series was cancelled in 1956. After the show ended, he did the two Lone Ranger movies and toured a little with Moore. But movie roles were hard to come by. “He was capable of doing all kinds of things but he was just Tonto to all those dumb producers that wouldn’t see him any other way,” Hart said. Silverheels settled into a life of racing horses and raising a family. In 1966 he founded the Indian Actors Workshop to teach Indians how to act. One of his students was Michael Horse. “He told us when we do get the opportunity, when those roles do squeak by, we need to be ready,” he said. By the mid-1970s Silverheels began getting good parts. But a medical mishap in 1975 led to a debilitating stroke. He would never act again. One of his final public appearances came when he was given his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He died on March 5, 1980, at the age of 68. “I cared about him a lot. He was a good friend and a nice guy,” Hart said. “He fought a lot of the fight for us,” added Michael Horse. Ta-i Kemo Sabe, welcome! You have reached the home of the Lone Ranger Fan Club. Click on the links below to explore the best source of information on the Web about the Lone Ranger and Tonto.	Jay Silverheels
Horton Smith was the first winner of which American golf competition	Tonto via Toronto: The Rise and Fall of Jay Silverheels by Kliph Nesteroff - WFMU's Beware of the Blog WFMU's Beware of the Blog March 15, 2009 Tonto via Toronto: The Rise and Fall of Jay Silverheels by Kliph Nesteroff Jay Silverheels was one of the most famous and successful Canadian actors in the history of Hollywood. For decades, The Lone Ranger and his trusty sidekick Tonto were pop culture symbols as universally identifiable as Mickey Mouse. Although several different actors took their hand at portraying Tonto, none were as well known as Jay Silverheels. A Mohawk from Six Nations of the Grand River in Ohsweken just outside Brantford, Ontario,1 Silverheels was born into poverty and literally fought his way out of it by becoming a middleweight boxer, placing well in Golden Glove competitions. While Silverheels was to become an international star, well paid and in steady demand, he remained in the eyes of the Canadian government what he was in the eyes of the make-believe cowboys in his films: A not-so-trusty "Injun," not worth half that of a white man. Jay Silverheels fled to the United States to pursue a show business career. For his fellow Natives in Canada there was no such luck. As Silverheels made his way South, Aboriginal children across Canada were rounded up, taken from their families and put into government schools, regarded as "dirty" and "godless" and forcefully taught Christianity. At the same time the adult Native population was denied the right to vote for similarly racist reasons. No wonder Tonto left Canada for life with The Lone Ranger. By the time the nineteen sixties rolled around Native people across Canada were finally granted voting rights. At the same time, Silverheels was being stripped of his status as a reliable Hollywood character actor by increasingly vocal pressure groups sick and tired of the chronic, stereotyped caricatures of Native Americans in popular culture. FROM CANADIAN RESERVATION TO HOLLYWOOD STUNTMAN Although Jay Silverheels sounds like an authentic Native name it was, in reality, the name he chose for showbiz. No, mister smart-aleck, Silverheels was not born Avi Fromstein, but Harold J. Smith in 1912. His father, George Alexander Smith, had been the most decorated Native soldier in the Canadian regiment of World War One, fighting in the name of the country that treated his race as second class. Living in Southern Ontario young Harry Smith naturally gravitated to lacrosse, a sport that rivaled hockey for the most popular team sport in Canada. Most anthropologists agree that lacrosse itself was created and played by Aboriginals across North America many years before the arrival of Europeans and that it was initially not played for recreation but as a gentlemanly way to resolve disputes between tribes. Silverheels was adept enough that he eventually became a member of the National Lacrosse Team. His broad stature had him fairing well not just in lacrosse but also wrestling and boxing. In the thirties it was his pugnacious ability that allowed him to travel beyond the reservation to compete in a far-off exotic locale like Buffalo. The large mouthed screen comedian Joe E. Brown was in the audience when the Canadian National Lacrosse Team played in Los Angeles. Brown saw something charismatic in Silverheels and spoke to him after the game, encouraging him to give acting a try. Silverheels had grown into not just Canada's highest scoring Lacrosse player, but the highest paid. He could afford such a whim for the time being. Brown helped Silverheels find his first job in Hollywood, working as a stunt man. Silverheels performed stunts in a 1937 musical starring Basil Rathbone called Make a Wish (1937) filmed on the RKO backlot. Make a Wish was the only script contribution Gertrude Berg ever made to films. Berg went on to be the most successful woman in male-dominated radio and became one of the biggest success stories of early television when her dialect radio sitcom The Goldbergs came to TV. Make a Wish takes place at a summer camp and it is believed that Silverheels was used as the stand-in horse rider in one sequence. After this short gig Silverheels returned to lacrosse and boxing (some sources say he remained in Hollywood after his first visit, but the dates of specific bouts contradict them). In 1939 he returned to Hollywood where he was still in contact with Joe E. Brown, who again lined him up with a handful of uncredited stunt stints. He subsidized the new career with lucrative busboy work. Silverheels did not have to wait long to jump from low budget RKO B-movies to a big-budget motion picture at a major studio. In 1940 he was hired to play an anonymous Indian in the Warner Brothers swashbuckling epic The Sea Hawk starring Errol Flynn and Claude Rains, a film of greater significance than anything Joe E. Brown himself had ever been in. Later in the year Jay returned to RKO where he played "Indian" in an enjoyable musical comedy called Too Many Girls . Too Many Girls had been a Broadway hit starring Cuban musician Desi Arnaz. It was the only Broadway role ever done by Arnaz and his understudy was Van Johnson. In the biography Van Johnson MGM's Golden Boy (2001, University Press of Mississippi) author Ronald L. Davis wrote amusingly of Too Many Girls, "During the show's weeks preparation Van was surrounded by homosexuals." When RKO turned it into a cheapie piece of fluff they wrote in two of their contract players, Lucille Ball and a young Ann Miller. It was, as you may already have surmised, the moment that Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz met for the first time. Alongside Jay Silverheels was an actor playing another character billed as "Indian" in Too Many Girls. Much like the hero of our story, Iron Eyes Cody was billed in film credits with a Native American sounding pseudonym. Most assumed that Iron Eyes Cody was a full-blooded American Indian as his name may have indicated. Although Cody spent his entire career taking on Indian roles he was actually Espera Oscar DeCorti , his parents recent Italian émigrés prior to his birth. Iron Eyes Cody portrayed Indian characters in at least one hundred and eighty two different film and television productions and did everything in his power to make sure it was propagated that he was a full-blooded Native American. He even married a Native woman and adopted two Native children. He designed all the Indian costumes for the 1954 western Sitting Bull and played the " Crying Indian " in the Keep America Beautiful campaign of the early seventies. In 1996 a Louisiana newspaper challenged Iron Eyes Cody in an editorial after he had received an award from a Native American organization. The paper stated that he was a fraud, an Italian man profiting from a Native guise2. Cody rebuked them with a scathing denial that he was anything but one hundred percent Native American. The newspaper had based their claims on a birth certificate and other documents courtesy of Iron Eyes' half-sister. In subsequent years it has been acknowledged by the definitive industry outlets (Variety, The Hollywood Reporter, IMDB etc) that Cody was, indeed, Italian. The varied stories of life with his parents on a reservation in his 1982 autobiography have long since been debunked. Despite building his career around what was the red equivalent of Hollywood blackface, he was a tireless advocate for Native American social issues for most of his life. His heart was in the right place, but perhaps DeCorti is the shining example of well-meaning liberalism taken to its ultimate extreme. Hudson's Bay (1941) positioned Jay Silverheels in the campy 20th Century Fox story of his home country and home province with Paul Muni hamming it up in the role of a French-Canadian fur trader. In the book Hollywood's Canada by Pierre Berton (1975, McClelland and Stewart), the author was appalled at the disconnect between Muni's adeptness at playing Frenchmen of France but his ineptitude at playing a Frenchman from Quebec - and surely Quebeckers probably felt just as aggravated with an Anglophone actor portraying a Francophone as Native people felt about whites doing their "Injun" act. Wrote Berton, "Something happened to Paul Muni when he attempted the role of the explorer, Pierre Radisson, in a picture about the founding of the Hudson's Bay Company. He could play Émile Zola, the Frenchman, with ease and with distinction but the stock role of the happy-go-lucky French-Canadian was too much for him. He could not rise above the clichéd characterization, which had been the hallmark of Canadian outdoor movies since the beginning. [Paul Muni] always regretted that he had accepted the part." Silverheels shared the set with several Native and non-Native actors playing the parts of anonymous Indians peppered throughout the film. Most of the real Natives in the movie had short careers in Hollywood as they were either unable to find decent work or were simply unable to deal with the racism. Sonny Chore who spent six busy years playing mostly non-verbal, uncredited parts would leave Hollywood for a much more dignified vocation, that of " Injun wrestler ." Also working on the set of Hudson's Bay playing the part of "Chief" was the prolific actor Chief John Big Tree. Big Tree of The Seneca Nation had always been a busy film actor, going back to the heyday of silent westerns. Chief John Big Tree was probably more famous than any other Native actor around... but not by name. Big Tree posed for artist James Fraser whose work appeared on the well known "Indian Head Nickel." The same line-up of Natives and pretend Natives was retained by 20th Century Fox for the next oater out of their gate, Western Union (1941), one of three westerns made by Fritz Lang - or as Louis B. Mayer used to call him "that German son of a bitch." Silverheels had by now already worked at three of the major studios and moved on to his fourth with the Universal motion picture This Woman is Mine (1941) another fur trading "epic." Silverheels and actor Chief Yowlachie were the two real Aboriginals amidst the sea of white extras in red make-up. Yowlachie acted in Hollywood films for forty years, from 1925 to 1965. Prior to films he was a respected opera singer under his real name Daniel Simmons. Again, despite having a name that didn't live up to the expectations of white stereotypes, he was in reality a Native American from the Yakima tribe. The throngs of white extras were the first to arrive on the set of any western film. Burnt cork was the primary method of creating the blackface effect for white minstrel acts and was fairly simple to apply. But for white people that Hollywood cast as Native American, it was something called Bole Armenia or Armenia Bole (later sold as a red hue of paint called Armenian Bole) that was evenly distributed over the skin. Armenia Bole is a type of red clay that when mixed with water turns into a light paste. Iron Eyes Cody's first job in Hollywood was not as an actor but as a supervisor in the make-up department, overseeing the shades of Armenia Bole, ensuring (ironically) that they looked authentic. It had been used as a race changing make-up in the theater as early as 1850. However, like blackface, white actors just couldn't hide their true honky nature behind the get-up. This photo shows Armenia Bole being sprayed on James Cagney while Iron Eyes Cody supervises (click to enlarge). Historically, before it was being used to miraculously turn white actors into Hollywood "Injuns," Armenia Bole was prescribed by doctors to cure diarrhea. Non-Natives playing Natives at the expense of Native American actors getting the job was an obvious bone of contention for the Indian actors in Hollywood. Most American Indians in filmland had to instead find jobs as extras. Those with special skills were able to find work behind the scenes on western films advising non-Native actors on how to speak and act authentically or in some instances how to properly ride a horse or shoot a bow and arrow. In this 1958 episode of What's My Line the guest was Rodd Redwing, a Native actor frustrated by the lack of proper roles who was instead working behind the scenes teaching white western actors how to convincingly handle firearms. Towards the end of the segment comedian Jonathan Winters asks Redwing, "Why don't the Indians win more of the pictures?" Redwing responded frankly with what was less an answer and more of a political statement, "Hollywood doesn't think that Indians are the type so they always have someone else play the Indian." Host John Charles Daly laughed and quickly changed the subject. Racist beliefs were also used to justify having white people portray Natives in film. In the ancient book Making the Movies by Ernest A. Dench (1915, Macmillan Company), the author had this to say: It is only with the last two or three years that genuine Redskins have been employed in pictures. Before then these parts were taken by white actors made up for the occasion. But this method was not realistic enough to satisfy the progressive spirit of the producer. The Red Indians who have been fortunate enough to secure permanent engagements with the several Western film companies are paid salary that keeps them well provided with tobacco and their worshiped "firewater." It might be thought that this would civilize them completely, but it has had quite the reverse effect, for the work affords them an opportunity to live their savage days again, and they are not slow to take advantage of it. They put their heart and soul in the work, especially in battles with the whites, and it is necessary to have armed guards watch over their movements for the least sign of treachery ... Even today a few white players specialize in Indian parts. They are past masters in such roles, for they have made a complete study of Indian life, and by clever makeup they are hard to tell from real Redskins. They take leading parts, for which Indians are seldom adoptable. To act as an Indian is the easiest thing possible, for the Redskin is practically motionless. Jay Silverheels had worked steadily since his arrival in Hollywood and made his mark at most of the major studios. Then in mid-1941 Silverheels took his first of several jobs at "The King of the B's" Republic Studios, appearing in what they did best: the Saturday morning serial. Jungle Girl (1941) was/is a classic example of the quintessential serial, full of preposterous situations, explosions, falling rocks, sinister witch doctors, underground caves, vicious lions, and an excess of people in gorilla suits. Jay Silverheels is probably in this scene somewhere but it's hard to tell. Silverheels was on set with Lucille Ball and Iron Eyes Cody again in Valley of the Sun (1942) along with a Native actor named Chris Willow Bird who was able to play fourteen stereotypical roles before quitting Hollywood. Valley of the Sun's exterior scenes were filmed in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, the same location that provided the backdrop for almost all of Easy Rider (1969). Jay then quickly returned to Hollywood for the sequel to Jungle Girl titled The Perils of Nyoka where he and Cody played Arabs. He stayed on the Republic lot a few hours longer to participate in some second-unit shots to be used in The Phantom serial based on the popular comic strip adventurer of the same name. After a forgotten quickie called Good Morning, Judge (1943) Silverheels was in, what was for him, a monumental Republic serial titled Daredevils of the West (1943). It was the first time Silverheels would enjoy screen credit (still as Harry Smith) playing the role of Kiaga. He escaped playing 'Indian' for once, while other actors took up those roles, including Chief Many Treaties who had played thirty-two "Injun" roles from 1931 through 1948 before suddenly dying. Most of the twelve or so other Indian parts were played by whites. Much of the serial has gone missing over the years after Republic sold most of this photoplay to the company making Hopalong Cassidy on TV for use as stock footage. Jay filled out 1943 with a bit as a wrestler in The Girl From Monterey, produced by the shittiest of all poverty row studios, PRC. It goes without saying that as a Native actor, Silverheels would spend most of his career in westerns. There are no exceptions to this rule for any Native actor in Hollywood. Jay appeared in Northern Pursuit (1943) with Errol Flynn, a sub-genre of typical westerns - the Hollywood Mountie pic. Mountie movies were extremely popular with audiences, and more so with studio executives that couldn't make them fast enough. Pierre Berton in the same book Hollywood's Canada, argues that Mountie westerns were even more racist than the already quite racist every day western. Mountie westerns had an overwhelming use of "half-breed" characters, a coded racial slur that referred to the Métis people of Canada, of mixed Native and European descent. Berton: "In Northern Pursuit (1943) Monte Blue plays the part of a half-breed traitor, helping Nazi spies in Canada ... For half a century [the Métis] were depicted as villains of the deepest dye - sneaky, untrustworthy degenerates who coveted defenceless white women, sold whisky to the Indians and let others take rap for their crimes ... the stereotype was lifted by moviemakers straight from the pages of nineteenth-century dime novels about the old west. The Canadian half-breed in Hollywood's Canada served the same purpose as the mulatto villain in Griffith's Birth of a Nation ... The movie half-breed was always an alien, a man of degenerate blood, and Hollywood let no one forget it. Those words were actually used in the subtitles of [the silent Mountie film] God's Country and the Law, which referred to Jacques Dore's 'strange heritage of degenerate blood.' This unrelenting libel on the Métis - a word incidentally that Hollywood rarely used (although DeMille used it) - can neither be excused by pointing to the tenor of the times in which it occurred, nor explained away by the essential naiveté of the silent films, nor condoned by the need of screenwriters and directors to inject drama and conflict into their stories. [No race] has suffered as badly at the hands of the film makers as have the Métis. To this day the word half-breed conjures up an unpleasant picture. It can no longer be used since it has become - like [other racial slurs] - a nasty word, made nasty in this instance by Hollywood." After the filming of WB's Pursuit and PRC's Monterey Jay merely had to walk across the street from the decrepit PRC lot to their main competition, the small Monogram Studios compound (although in some instances the PRC lot was the Monogram lot as the poverty row studio often rented space from their rival). Today it is primarily Monogram and PRC pictures that make up the bulk of black and white public domain offerings in your local dollar store bargain bin. Monogram specialized in taking has-been stars that were no longer wanted by the major studios and making them feel like they were top of the heap once again. Monogram would nurse the egos of Bela Lugosi, Gale Storm and Hoot Gibson by giving them the top billing they once enjoyed when they were hot properties at other studios. They also kept franchises like The Bowery Boys and Charlie Chan alive far longer than they had any right to be. Westerns were the cheapest output to churn out as the same scripts could be used over and over and spruced up with stock footage. Raiders of the Border (1944) had Silverheels at Monogram for his first of several paychecks from the studio interpreting the meaty role of "Indian at Trading Post." Silverheels plays a sailor briefly in the exciting Passage to Marseille (1944) starring Humphrey Bogart, Peter Lorre, Sydney Greenstreet and Claude Rains in one of Warner Brothers' many attempts to recreate the magic of films like The Maltese Falcon (1941) and Casablanca (1942). Bogart had been experiencing tough times with his soon to be ex-wife Mayo Methot and was apparently drunk for much of the shoot, but Bogey's inebriation is not detectable. The sequel to Republic's Jungle Girl was released soon after. Titled Perils of the Darkest Jungle, it utilized existing film from the previous serials featuring Jay Silverheels. Jay then returned to Republic for a new serial, Haunted Harbor (1944) where he had to stretch all his abilities when instead of playing 'Indian' he played the character 'Native.' The typical matinee actioneer was, remarkably, based on a novel by obscure Scottish writer Ewart Adamson (who also fought for Canada in World War One - perhaps alongside the elder Silverheels?). The busy year sauntered on with Silverheels' first foray to the lushest of all film studios, MGM, for an Abbott and Costello picture set in the Middle East called Lost in a Harem (1944). It was released one year after Costello's two-year-old son tragically drowned in the family swimming pool. To take his mind off the unrelenting pain of this incident, Costello devoted his time to an invention patented as Serv-Ice, a commercial ice cube making machine and the basis for all subsequent "ice machines." Lost in a Harem's familiar Hollywood take on a vague, unspecified, Arab state was, again, highly offensive to an entire race of people and was, in response, banned in Morocco upon release and heavily edited in Syria. Most write-ups state that Silverheels served in World War Two, but do not disclose any details. Judging from his screen credits 1940 through 1944, he would have been far too busy to have been in the service during that spell. However, 1945 was Silverheels' least prolific year in Hollywood with just one film credit (Song of the Sarong), so there is a chance he enlisted late in the game. If this is true, it would have granted Silverheels the right to vote in Canada, where Natives were barred from the political process for racist reasons. The Canada Elections Act barred all Native people from voting unless "he was a member of His Majesty's Forces during World War I or World War II..." There was also a stipulation in the same act that First Nations people were granted the right to vote on one condition - they forsook the land that they held title to and handed it over to the government - voiding the treaties that they and their elders had signed on good faith with the Canadian government many years before. Native Canadians were not officially allowed to vote until 1960 while Indigenous people were not granted the right to vote in Australia, another commonwealth country, until 1973!3 1945 is also cited as the year Harry Smith adopted a new monicker, initially Silverheels Smith - a nickname he had affectionately been called by his lacrosse teammates in reference to his sheer speed and shiny sneakers. From there he started using his middle initial as his first name and his nickname in turn as surname. 1946 started with a shoot in the Simi Valley for another stilted PRC production, Romance of the West. One time child actor Matty Roubert played the fellow savage in this stinker. Roubert was a white actor who started out playing newsboys in every film he popped up in until he grew to proportions unfitting for such roles. From 1931 to 1941 he played forty-two different newsboys in films. From 1939 to 1951 he was credited with playing "Henchman" thirty-six times. The low-budgeteer also had Chief Thundercloud, another Native American boxer turned actor. Interestingly enough, Thundercloud had been the screen's very first Tonto, in the two Republic serials The Lone Ranger (1938) and The Lone Ranger Rides Again (1939). Up until Jay Silverheels won the breakthrough role that made him an international superstar, Chief Thundercloud was often billed in non-Lone Ranger films as "Chief Tonto Thundercloud". Dana Andrews and Susan Hayward starred in the Universal western Canyon Passage (1946). By now, Silverheels was an established western movie character actor, a familiar face that was expected to appear sooner or later in most western pictures. Canyon Passage featured other distinct western movie faces like Andy Devine . Devine, usually described as the cowboy with a squeaky voice in need of an oiling, was a fan favorite (and remains so to this day). This film had the distinction of co-starring Andy Devine's real life children playing his make believe children. Defying our great hopes, however, his kids did not inherit the unique larynx deficiency. IMDB lists Silverheels' part in Canyon Passage as "Indian who breaks Mandolin." Six years before MGM dazzled the world with the Gene Kelly musical Singin' in the Rain (1952), Harry Cohn's Columbia Pictures did the opposite with the Judy Canova vehicle Singin' in the Corn (1946). Judy Canova was the star of a funny radio sitcom that revolved around Judy and her mentally obtuse hillbilly family. A typical bit on the Canova show went thusly: MOTHER: Judy, what was in that thar package you done brought home? JUDY CANOVA: What package, Ma? MOTHER: That one that were done wrapped up in the brown packagin! I unwrapped it and unwrapped it but thar weren't nothin' in it! JUDY CANOVA: Ma, that thar weren't no package! That thar was a roll of paper towel! Canova had knocked off a series of quick, low-budget comedies for almost every studio in Hollywood between 1935 and 1955. None of her features ever enjoyed the same level of success as her radio program (perhaps because the movies did not feature The Judy Canova Show mainstay Mel Blanc). Throughout the spell she played characters named Judy Hull, Judy Goober, Judy Boggs, Judy Joyner, Judy Crocker, Judy Stevens and Judy McCoy. Singin' in the Corn was directed by Del Lord, the filmmaker who oversaw the best Three Stooges shorts of the nineteen thirties. The obviously highbrow picture had Judy Canova playing a fortune teller that inherits land in the wild west, which must be turned over to a band of hostile "Injuns" in order for her to inherit a fortune as stipulated in her rich uncle's will. Jay Silverheels, Rodd Redwing and Chief Yowlachie depicted stereotypes while Nick Thompson, Frank Lackteen, Dick Stanley and Charles Randolph put on the Armenia Bole. Randolph, a ten year Hollywood character actor, also put on red make-up in Hawks of the Wilderness (1938), but in all ten of the other pictures in his short career he was cast as a boxing referee! PRC was competing with Monogram's Bowery Boys series with an even cheaper series of cheapies, called The Gas House Kids. The short lived triage followed the same formula as Monogram's popular stinkers, with tough teenagers speaking Brooklynese and getting into trouble as they ruffled the feathers of bourgeois adults. Silverheels showed up in Gas House Kids Go West (1947), a crummy picture starring Alfalfa that was even directed by the prolific Monogram master that had manned most of the Bowery Boys pics, William Beaudine. Silverheels reverted back to a prolific series of uncredited roles for the rest of 1947 as he materialized in westerns-by-numbers like Northwest Outpost, The Prairie, Cecil B. DeMille's Unconquered (with Boris Karloff in Armenia Bole) and The Last Round-up (a Roy Rogers film that also had J.W. Cody, brother of you know who). He finished the year at Fox in a typical Tyrone Power adventure picture Captain From Castile - the poster had bold type exclaiming, "Master of Women's Hearts... Conquorer of a New World!" In the (mostly made-up) autobiography of Iron Eyes Cody - Iron Eyes My Life as a Hollywood Indian (1982, Everest House) - Cody says that Jay Silverheels' first feature film was Unconquered. Cody's book is not credible, particularly the first three chapters that deal with his family life on "the reservation," which of course did not happen. Most of the book and its many anecdotes are dubious at best. Of Jay Silverheels he wrote, "Jay was from back East, where he was a champion lacrosse player and a very good boxer till he got one of his eyes bopped out. Had himself fitted with a glass eye and, some vague notion of becoming a professional gambler, he packed up his lacrosse stick and headed West. He began hanging around Gower Gulch, which is where my brother and I spotted him as potential movie material. I mentioned he got his start in Unconquered because that's the first time anybody singled him out for any close camera shots. Actually, he had been playing bit parts since we took him to Canab, Utah, years earlier for some riding sequences in Western Union. He distinguished himself by not being able to ride at all ... Without knowing what the hell he was doing, he managed to keep up with the rest of us riders of the purple sage, falling off his horse both on cue and off." There is no other source other than the discredited Cody for the notion of Silverheels having had a silver eye. Also, as we know, Jay had his film debut earlier than stated here and even had credited and speaking parts prior to the DeMille picture. One of the most offensive inferences here is this white man in hiding concluding that Jay did not know "what the hell he was doing" when it came to riding a steed. As we've already learned, Silverheels started in Hollywood as a stunt rider. In later years he became a professional harness racer. This passage then sinks completely with Iron Eyes Cody's claim that he and his brother were responsible for getting Jay into pictures when they "spotted [Jay Silverheels] as potential movie material." Four years had passed since Jay Silverheels was on the set with Humphrey Bogart, but they would reunite for Jay's most famous non-Tonto role. Key Largo (1948) is a memorable Warner Brothers film with the irresistible cast of Bogey, Bacall, Edward G. Robinson and crotchety Lionel Barrymore. In this one, Silverheels and Rodd Redwing play the brothers sitting on the porch. Just as Silverheels was present on the set with television's King and Queen (Desi and Lucy) here he was with the King and Queen of Hollywood film, Bogey and Bacall. Jay went from the future classic Key Largo to a compact 62 minute piece of junk at Columbia called Singin' Spurs (1948). Spurs was one of several cookie cutter vehicles for The Hoosier Hot Shots, placing the novelty jazz band in the wild west ( 50 Hotshot songs to hear here ). The film was released with the painful tagline: "Heap Big Action Musical!" The Feathered Serpent (1948) was the ass end of the Charlie Chan features. Familiar screen Chans Warner Oland and Sidney Toler had long-since died, but Monogram continued to punch 'em out with Roland Winters in the role of the pigeon-englished sleuth. Silverheels finally played a non-descript thug, but unfortunately his part was over in the blink of an eye. Hilarious African-American character actor Mantan Moreland was also in The Feathered Serpent in his usual role as Chan's valet, Birmingham Brown. Moreland would go on to have his career disassembled by pressure groups much the same way Silverheels' eventually would. One wonders if the two ever shared a discussion on the set about life as a minority in Hollywood. Silverheels was back to "Injun" in one of the true works of art he had the opportunity to be involved in. Yellow Sky (1948) is potentially the most underrated western movie to ever come out of Hollywood. A stark piece of cinema that pits Gregory Peck against Richard Widmark as bad guy vs. bad guy, this one defied the Hays code stipulations of good having to clearly triumph over evil. Yellow Sky has only villains. It is the greatest of a genre that never was: Western Noir. Director of Photography Joe MacDonald would film Panic in the Streets (1950), the Sam Fuller scripted Pickup on South Street (1953) and the closest thing previously to a "Western Noir," My Darling Clementine (1946). Unfortunately, again, Silverheels was incidental and uncredited, but his few lines were scripted by Lamar Trotti who also equipped Silverheels with his "ughs" in Captain from Castile. In 1994, Gregory Peck underwent ankle fusion surgery to make up for a painful gimp that occurred almost fifty years earlier when a horse fell on him during the filming of Yellow Sky. Jay was a villager in Song of India (1949) starring Sabu . Sabu, the South Asian child star of so many Alexander Korda productions had taken his brother's name for showbiz purposes while his brother managed his career. Off-screen, Sabu and his brother jointly managed a furniture store. Unfortunately, the shop was the scene of his brother's literal deathbed as he was killed during a botched robbery attempt. Sabu's son Paul formed a rock band in the eighties called Sabu and went on to produce Shania Twain. He has yet to apologize. Jay's decade was filled out with roles as an elevator operator in Family Honeymoon (1949) and bits in Laramie (1949) and Lust for Gold (1949). He was in another silly Mountie adventure, Trail of the Yukon (1949) knocked off by Beaudine (I am coining that phrase as of this moment for any future William Beaudine biography). WHO WAS THAT NATIVE MAN!? The Cowboy and the Indians (1949) was a no-nonsense title for a western if there ever was one. This Roy Rogers picture show was notable for featuring both Silverheels and his future weekly co-star of the next seven years, Clayton Moore, television's Lone Ranger. The men had been constantly working on the same lot at Republic in the fast-paced world of serials, but miraculously they never actually met. This despite Clayton Moore having crashed through tables, fallen out of cars and tumbled off horses in The Perils of Nyoka (1942), The Crimson Ghost (1946) and later Radar Men of the Moon (1952). Unbeknownst to legions of kids with questionable attitudes, Republic's Crimson Ghost is the basis for the worldwide plague of Misfits t-shirts . In 1949 Jay Silverheels became the first Aboriginal to play a Native American on television. Radio's popular The Lone Ranger was brought to the new medium, and unlike so many other radio shows adapted for television it enjoyed a good, successful run. During the thirties and forties Tonto had been portrayed on The Lone Ranger radio series by white actor John Todd and in a few episodes by another white actor named Roland Parker (who would later be busy portraying an Asian character on radio, Kato on The Green Hornet). The initial program was conceived with vivid violence but later toned down. The original script for the first episode described The Lone Ranger gunning down seven bad men simultaneously, "shooting them clean through the forehead." As the radio program continued into the fifties, John Todd had reached his early seventies. Radio executive George Trendle felt that Todd was now too old to be playing Tonto and fired him, replacing him with a young Native actor. The Native actor refused to speak the sub-level English the script called for, preferring to have Tonto speak in an educated tone. Frustrated, Trendle fired the new actor and hired back the elderly John Todd (sources of this anecdote do not note who this mystery Native actor was). The Lone Ranger premiered on television September 15th,1949, the first story taking place over the course of three episodes. Watch it here - Jay made history at the fourteen-minute mark as Tonto flickered into living rooms for the very first time.The role made Jay Silverheels a household name and brought him more work than ever... in monosyllabic stereotypical roles, of course. Despite the enormous success of the show, it was still for all intents and purposes a low-budget production. Each episode was budgeted at $12,500. Silverheels once held a one man protest, coming to set but refusing to get into his wardrobe. According to Clayton Moore, Jay was upset that, as stars of a hit series, they didn't even have their own dressing rooms. Instead they had to change in a men's room at a gas station down the road from the Iverson Ranch . Producers got the message and the next day the boys had their own, brand new dressing rooms. Clayton Moore was absent for the 1952-53 season, replaced by John Hart. Hart had already played on the show a few times as a villain. Moore, the public was told, had gone on a year's hiatus, but behind the scenes it was well established there was a contract dispute. However, in later years Moore denied this, stating (but not clarifying why) in his book I Was That Masked Man (1996, Taylor Publishing Company) that he was plainly fired. "No one with The Lone Ranger ever told me why I had been fired - and I never asked. Of course, I've heard many rumors over the years. The most prominent one was that I demanded more money ... That isn't true ... Just as I had never been told why John Hart replaced me, so I never learned why they wanted to get rid of him." It seems likely that Moore, so serious about maintaining his public image as The Lone Ranger, simply did not want to acknowledge that The Lone Ranger would've been the kind of guy to hold out for a raise. All other cast recollections seem to recall a vocal contract brouhaha. Regardless, Moore did return the following season after an amusing meeting. "[I was to] meet [George] Trendle at the Beverly Hills Hotel. I dressed well ... walked in and saw Trendle sitting in the salon ... I could see a curious look of shock on his face. As I shook his hand, he said, 'Clayton, where's your beard?' 'What beard?' I asked. Trendle said, 'Somebody told me you had grown a beard.' He looked carefully at me. 'Does this mean that you haven't been roaming around on Hollywood Boulevard quoting Shakespeare either?' Now I was really flabbergasted. I said, 'Did someone tell you that too?' 'Yes,' Trendle said. 'I thought you had become a lunatic." John Hart remembered Jay Silverheels during the season Hart was The Lone Ranger. He says that Jay Silverheels was not pleased with his life playing the mentally deficient character. "He wasn't too happy with that but it was a job and he did it gracefully and with good spirit." Years later Silverheels went public with his consternation about the calculated lines that made Tonto seem unintelligent, but Allan Dinehart, a character actor who was all over fifties television remembers differently. In his recollections of the set in early nineteen fifty-five he says, "Jay Silverheels was a prankster from the word go! He busied himself the whole day by shooting rubber bands at everyone on set. The director [Wilhelm Thiele] went crazy and Clayton had to hold him back from killing Jay. To make it worse, Jay could never remember his lines at all. This was because he never read the script. We would be in the middle of a scene, and there would come a pause and Jay would ad lib something like, 'Um, that right,' or 'Me wait here, you go into town.' The beautiful thing was that Clayton protected Jay to a fault. The director would be screaming and Clayton would say, 'That's okay Bill, the scene played more naturally the way it was.' And they printed it. This is the reason that Tonto had all those throw away lines, he just made them up without pause. I was there and witnessed it first hand." John Hart also remarked, "I thought it was great and it was a steady job but it was cheap, the cheapest damn job I ever had." The fame of Tonto brought Silverheels more and more work in pictures.There was Cyclone Fury (1951), Red Mountain (1951) and some war propaganda titled The Wild Blue Yonder (1951). Yonder was part of the " In Defense of Freedom Series ," whatever that means. McCarthyism was ripe in 1951 and the words freedom and God would increasingly and arbitrarily be plastered all over the place as the decade wore on.4 Twenty years before what would be a legendary appearance with Johnny Carson, Silverheels was directed by future Tonight Show captain (and the basis for Rip Torn's character on The Larry Sanders Show) Fred De Cordova. De Cordova belted out a great deal of junk in his pre-Tonight Show years (most famously Bedtime for Bonzo) and Yankee Buccaneer (1952) was no exception. Silverheels played a character named Warrior. Yes, he comes out to play. Silverheels was Geronimo in 1952's The Battle at Apache Pass (A Great Indian Love... A Greater Indian HATE!) and worked on strictly cookie cutter productions Laramie Mountains (1952) and Brave Warrior (1952). The same year he acted in a none-too-subtle piece of racism titled Half Breed (1952). It enjoyed an equally racist tagline (When White Man and Half-Breed Turn All Savage! RED BLOODED ADVENTURE!). Silverheels couldn't even score the title role in this one, relegated instead to a nondescript Apache in the crowd. Actor Jack Buetel was the one who got to demonstrate the destruction of the soul when parents of two different races (in Buetel's case Scottish and English) marry, producing a hammy offspring that likes to soak himself in red paint. Silverheels was on hand for a pair of biopics, The Story of Will Rogers and The Pathfinder, both stories of white people raised by Natives or in Native surroundings. Legendary rope twirling satirist Will Roger was the son of Clement Van Rogers, a Native American senator and judge. His mother was white, but a descendant of a Cherokee chief. In vaudeville, long before being established as the witty voice of the depression, Rogers was billed as The Cherokee Kid. Last of the Comanches (1953) starred a whosit Brooklyn kid named Johnny Stewart as Little Knife. Surely everyone on set must have realized how ridiculous this practice of having whites play the Indian was, while Mohawk Jay Silverheels loitered in the background. The film featured John War Eagle, a prolific Sioux actor who came on the scene in the early fifties (when you Google his name, like that of any actor listed on IMDB, a prompt comes up for the site whodatedwho.com that invites you to find "John War Eagle - Dating, Gossip, News") who was heavily involved in Native politics long before the militant Indian movement of the late sixties. The same month Silverheels emerged for about five seconds in the whimsically titled Jack McCall Desperado (1953) directed by future Lassie and Addams Family administrator Sidney Salkow. A more notable picture that year was The Nebraskan, the first and only 3D picture Silverheels was in and among the first feature length 3D pictures ever made. Without explanation, the film was banned in Finland and Sweden - perhaps the picture's casual depiction of murdering non-whites had something to do with it (It probably had more to do with 3D induced migraines). Jay had one last film appearance between his Tonto stints in 1953, War Arrow with Jeff Chandler. On the set, perhaps because of the stronger sense of security and confidence that Tonto had brought him, Silverheels became uncharcteristically vocal with co-stars, crew and media about the concept of "redface." He made it clear that the time had come for whites to stop trying to emulate Natives with grotesque make-up and instead to let Indian actors have an equal opportunity in Hollywood. Here Silverheels was strongly at odds with Iron Eyes Cody who was still welcomed into the make-up departments to advise on redface tones. Jeff Chandler became an actor that the Native movement used over and over again as an example of what they found so offensive. In 1954 Jay Silverheels returned to Canada. Hollywood's Canada. Saskatchewan (1954) was another Mountie western - and was in reality, filmed in the Rocky Mountains of Banff, Alberta. Silverheels was the only Native in the cast, while characters Chief Dark Cloud and Spotted Eagle were covered by actors named Antonio Moreno and Anthony Caruso. Now if only Jay Silverheels or Rodd Redwing could have found alternate careers playing Italian Americans on the screen. Drums Across the River (1954) was one of the final films director Nathan Juran made before switching to full time drive-in schlock (The Deadly Mantis, 20 Million Miles to Earth, Brain from Planet Arous, Attack of the 50 Foot Woman). Audie Murphy starred, having since become a leading man in the B western circuit after John Huston cast the taciturn real-life war hero in The Red Badge of Courage (1951). Before being a hero of the Universal studios backlot, Murphy was the most decorated soldier of World War Two, receiving thirty-two awards including the Congressional Medal of Honor and given special accolades from the governments of both France and Belgium. Silverheels plays a noble chief of the Ute tribe in this one. Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels took a brief sojourn from The Lone Ranger together to play in a cheap, sixty-five minute color western for Columbia called The Black Dakotas (1954). Rather than cash-in on this novelty, Columbia gave Silverheels about two lines as Black Buffalo and left Moore in a minor, unbilled (and unmasked) walk-on. Any potential box office wallop it could have enjoyed by cashing in on the success of The Lone Ranger was lost due to either apathy or sheer ineptitude at the studio marketing level. Four Guns to the Border (1954) was filmed simultaneously at Universal and featured Nina Foch and the reformed car thief Rory Calhoun. Four Guns to the Border is considered one of the most erotic and homoerotic Westerns ever made - the Brokeback Mountain of its day. The largest difference between the two was that nobody went to see Four Guns. Two internet reviewers describe the film. "Colleen is a very sensual girl and in no time she and Calhoun are having some of the most erotic scenes that I have ever seen [in] a movie," and "a bare-bones plot punctuated by surprisingly sexual imagery, much of which can be interpreted as homoerotic. Some scenes are steamingly obvious in their depiction of passion, and others are so gratuitously injected that they can only be seen as surreptitiously symbolic ... The creators must have had a bang-up good time foisting such a naughty piece on mid-fifties audiences, and modern viewers should have just as much fun ferreting out each and every nuance!" Jay Silverheels appears throughout, but no mention of any unabashed Tonto sexuality. 1954 finished with a fast-paced William Castle Technicolor potboiler, Masterson of Kansas (1954). It was the final production Jay worked on before an unexpected incident. Clayton Moore explains, "Although Jay was a great athlete, he was a heavy smoker ... In one scene [on The Lone Ranger] Jay was doing a fight with a stuntman who, at one point, fell on top of Jay ... when Jay walked to his dressing room, I noticed he walked kind of funny ... I went into Jay's dressing room, and he was sitting there, hunched over, holding his chest. They sent him to the infirmary, then drove him in a limo to the hospital. He'd had a heart attack." It was early 1955 when Silverheels suffered the heart attack that weakened him substantially. Tonto's character had to be written around immediately, although several episodes were already in the can, giving the writers time to figure out an explanation. They came up with a script that had The Lone Ranger explain that Tonto had to go to Washington to meet with the "Great White Father" to address pressing Indian affairs. The role of a different and temporary sidekick was written into the show, that of The Lone Ranger's nephew , Dan Reid, played by actor (and well known stuntman) Chuck Courtney. The character Dan Reid had previously appeared on the radio program, so continuity remained safe. Several episodes were actually edited so that stock footage of Tonto and new footage of Dan Reid had the characters appearing in episodes together. Courtney pulled the ultimate stunt in 2000 when, despondent after a series of devastating strokes, he committed suicide. Silverheels returned to acting in late summer and worked briefly on one picture at Republic, The Vanishing American (1955). Tonto returned from Washington... but with bad news. The Lone Ranger would be cancelled in 1956. The program ceased production that year, although new episodes continued to be broadcast until 1957. A full-color theatrical film followed suit titled The Lone Ranger and was an enormous success. Some of the program's fans flocked to it assuming it might be their final chance to see their heroes. Of course, they had no way of knowing at the time that it would re-run, much to their delight, ad nauseum for the next several decades. One line in the film has The Lone Ranger confronting a band of rabid, racist white people, "In all the fights between the whites and the Indians, It's the whites who've always started the trouble." Clayton Moore along with Silver the Horse embarked on a nationwide thirty-three-city tour to promote the film. Incongruously joining them in the promotion stump was Lassie(!) simply because she was also a property of Jack Wrather Productions . Watch the trailer here . Audie Murphy scolded his fellow white people for their treatment of their Native neighbors in Walk the Proud Land (1956), a surprisingly sophisticated and liberal western. The story of John P. Clum shows Murphy defending Natives against onslaughts of white lynch mobs and crooked frontier justice, arming the Native bands with caches of firearms and earning their trust. Jay Silverheels plays the young firebrand that refuses to give Murphy an inch because he is white, while all his fellow band members find themselves enamored with this white anomaly. Neither Clayton Moore nor Jay Silverheels worked on any other project in 1957. They jumped into production on a second Lone Ranger theatrical titled The Lone Ranger and The Lost City of Gold (1958). The second feature goes one step further than the first with Moore and Silverheels not just confronting racist white rubes, but this time a gang of hooded bandits similar to the Ku Klux Klan who have randomly murdered three Natives. Clayton Moore toured America for decades (in a camper!) as The Lone Ranger. Very protective of his persona, Moore was known to lash out at nerdy paparazzi hoping to get a shot of him without his mask. Years later, during a court dispute with The Lone Ranger copyright owners, Moore would only appear in court wearing dark sunglasses. In 1975, Jack Wrather Productions had plans for a new Lone Ranger film to star a strapping young buck in the title role. The filmmakers took Moore to court to stop him from wearing the mask in public so as not to confuse moviegoers into thinking this old dude was involved with the new, young, dashing masked man. At one point a Wrather lawyer told the press that Clayton Moore was "too old and too fat to portray The Lone Ranger." When things came to a head and Moore was being hounded by Wrather's group to stop wearing the Lone mask in public, a lengthy court case ensued. The judge would rule in favor of the Wrather group, but at one point during the trial, Clayton Moore stood up on the witness stand, threw open his coat and bellowed, "DO I LOOK FAT TO YOU?" The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981) would go on to bomb and lose eleven million dollars, much to the delight of Clayton Moore. Jay Silverheels had his first foray into something he'd return to for the rest of his career: hamming it up as Tonto for comedic purposes. At the end of the fifties he played Tonto in the Bob Hope comedy Alias Jesse James making cameos with several other western TV stars including Roy Rogers and Hugh O'Brian (television's Wyatt Earp). The western genre had exploded in television and remained hot at the start of the new decade. Silverheels' film career was, unbeknownst to him, all but over. Television had all the western stars of filmdom finding steady work. Silverheels acted in Wagon Train, Wanted: Dead or Alive, Texas John Slaughter (on the Disneyland show), Gunslinger, Rawhide, Laramie, Branded, Daniel Boone and The Virginian in the 1960-1968 period. But as pressure grew throughout the sixties from all manner of social activist groups for all kinds of causes, Silverheels' roles would started to diminish. THE FIGHT AGAINST UNCLE TOM AND UNCLE TOMAHAWK In his book The Unjust Society (1969, M.G. Hurtig) author and lawyer Harold Cardinal refers to Indian Chiefs and other Native leaders that appeased the government or other white people at the expense of Natives as "Uncle Tomahawks." But for many Native Americans, Jay Silverheels' portrayals on the screen embodied the epitome of an "Uncle Tomahawk." The NAACP fought a long and successful campaign to remove stereotypical portrayals of African-Americans from film and television. Rather than simply eliminate stereotypical roles from the screen, this fight ended up eliminating all Black roles from view, negative and positive. The forced unemployment that those on television's Amos n' Andy and stars like Stepin Fetchit and Mantan Moreland suffered was a source of staunch bitterness, pain and anger for the rest of their lives. Most of them died in poverty in the nineteen seventies and eighties. The mid-to late sixties hosted an unparalleled degree of intense social activism. The Native American movement had its strongest wave during the period. Along with the important agitation for equal rights and land claims, there were minor fights against racist portrayals of Natives in various facets of media: film , television , cartoons , comic books , pulp novels , advertising and other random racist imagery were targeted. However, the number one target of this campaign was the one most well known, and most often in the spotlight - Jay Silverheels. Jay's parts started drying up due both to a waning interest in westerns and pressure from some Native activists. A lot of those waning westerns waned because television executives were afraid of backlash. Scholars like Ralph E. Friar were increasingly referring to Tonto - and by default Silverheels - as an "Indian Stepin Fetchit." Activist and leader of the American Indian Movement Russell Means was known to use the word Tonto the way Black activists used the phrase Uncle Tom. Means later became a Hollywood actor in the nineties and has since appeared in everything from Natural Born Killers (1994) to Curb Your Enthusiasm. What Jay's critics didn't know was that he had been agitating for better roles for Native actors for sometime, but formal protest was not, in his opinion, something that would be effective. "A boycott by Indians would not mean the loss of money that a Negro boycott could bring," he said, preferring instead to train a legion of Native American actors for Hollywood that could perform a range of parts and hopefully influence a change of opinion within the studios. At the start of 1960 Jay was responsible for a letter writing campaign addressed to President Eisenhower, vice-president Nixon, and the heads of the three major television networks, addressing the portrayal of Natives in film and television. Silverheels resented the abstraction that it was he alone that was responsible for a negative image of Natives in film and television. To the contrary, he looked at himself as somewhat of a role model, having been the first Native to ever serve on the Screen Actors Guild Board of Directors. From 1962 through 1968 Jay spent countless hours establishing the Indian Actors Workshop, an organization to help train Native actors and to prepare them for what would certainly be a tough battle trying to make it in Hollywood. He expanded the theater school in 1968, when it was finally noted by members of the industry. Additional financial support for the school came from Rodd Redwing, Jonathan Winters and Buffy Sainte-Marie. The Indian Actors Workshop was established at the Los Angeles Indian Center in Echo Park. According to Joan Weibel-Orlando and author of the book Indian Country, L.A. (1999, University of Illinois Press), The Indian Actors Workshop became more than a simple group of thespians. It turned into a Los Angeles headquarter for political action. "The Indian Actors Workshop quickly became an outlet for Indian actors' and stuntmen's views. It was the voice for Indians disgruntled and discouraged by the casting of Burt Lancaster as Jim Thorpe, the great Indian American athlete, by Jeff Chandler as Cochise ... Raquel Welch as a Crow captive and heroine. Indian actors let it be known that they wished equal consideration with the legions of ... dark skinned, low voiced, Italian-American ... actors who consistently were hired for the major film and television roles that called for an Indian character to speak on camera." The workshop also helped Native actors enter SAG and Actors Equity. In 1963 Silverheels was the first Native inducted into the Screen Actors Hall of Fame and the American Indian Movement was lobbying harder for local television stations to halt reruns of what they felt to be blatant, racist imagery. Indian Paint (1965) was a throw back to the more immature westerns of the forties, and had Silverheels in a starring role with Johnny Crawford. It infuriated many in the Indian Movement and simply intensified Silverheels as a target. Despite a bevy of projects, Jay Silverheels' income would never again be as steady as it was during Tonto's heyday. He acted when and where he could. In the late sixties he and Clayton Moore appeared as their old characters in a successful commercial for Jeno's Pizza conceived by satirist turned advertiser Stan Freberg. Moore himself had previously brought The Lone Ranger into the advertising world, appearing in character for Silver Gasoline and later, Aqua Velva Aftershave. Watch Jay and Clayton sell aftershave here . Clayton Moore said that these appearances helped rekindle the relationship he had with Silverheels, "We continued to see each other socially. His family would come to our house for a barbecue, or ours would go to his place in Canoga Park for dinner." Watch the ridiculous pizza commercial here . Stan Freberg recalled in an interview with Tom Snyder that CBS executives had reservations (no pun intended) about the advertisement because it might offend the now vocal American Indian Movement. Freberg asked Jay Silverheels to talk to the executive to convince her otherwise. According to Freberg, Silverheels shouted over the phone, "Stop screwing with my residuals!" Apparently CBS, indeed, refused to ever air the commercial although it had a lengthy and popular run on ABC and NBC. Some Indian organizations did criticize the pizza role campaign and Silverheels released a public response. Jay said that such criticism "promotes and strengthens the image that projects the Indians as being stoic, undemonstrative, incapable of showing emotion and entirely lacking a sense of humor." Jay Silverheels had established a running relationship with Disney, having appeared in a handful of Walt Disney television programs. Through this relationship he was able to convince someone within Disney to make use of his students at The Indian Actors Workshop. The live-action Disney film Smith! (1969) featured a plethora of Native actors that all came from the Workshop. Although the film featured almost solely Natives portraying Natives (one exception was a painted up Warren Oates), the film was still panned by both film critics and Native American organizations for reviving in full force all manner of "Injun" stereotypes. Silverheels was an uncredited director of an impassioned courtroom scene in the film, guiding his students that played the all-Indian jury. Silverheels' students did not get individual billing, but instead were credited as The Indian Actors Workshop. Jay was also on hand for John Wayne's Oscar winning performance in True Grit (1969). Anecdotes abound about the legendary western, and perhaps the best revolves around the rambunctious Dennis Hopper. Peter Fonda recalls, "The studios tried to get Hopper blacklisted for allegedly doping his horse with LSD during the filming of True Grit. What happened was, Universal kinda leaked this bogus story to Variety to justify the lousy distribution they were going to give The Last Movie - which the suits just didn't feel, you know? - even though they knew from Warren Oates that the horse in question ... had been tripping on his own since at least 1967, when he worked in [Monte] Hellman's The Shooting and began eating peyote buttons [from a cactus] out in the high desert ... Hopper was eventually cleared." In the picture Silverheels has little to say, but he is condemned and hanged, and it could easily have been a metaphor for what was happening to his career. September 9th, 1969, Jay had his memorable appearance on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. Ed McMahon in his book Here's Johnny: My Memories of Johnny Carson (2005, Thomas Nelson Inc) relays his memories. "Of all the twenty-two thousand guests that Johnny had, the one with whom I most identified with was Jay Silverheels ... Of course, he never went out drinking with the Lone Ranger, but he might have played the drums. 'So you were the Lone Ranger's closest buddy for all those years,' said Johnny. 'Sort of Ed [McMahon] with feathers ...' 'Yes, I hung out with him,' said Jay Silverheels, 'even though he was the stuffiest guy west of Newark. Man, did he take himself seriously!' 'And he kept sending you to town to get supplies. Why didn't he ever go himself?' 'Maybe he thought the people in town didn't like him. But I was the only one who didn't like him. He never heard of the Emancipation Proclamation." When this scripted comedy was done, Carson and Silverheels chatted seriously about his career. Silverheels explained that he had no choice but to take the roles he was offered if he wanted to work at all and that almost all the work was "lousy." Watch a short clip here . Apparently throughout this period Silverheels appeared with some regularity on other talk shows (always unspecified in the sources that state such) reading his poetry. Silverheels spent a great deal of time reflecting on his life with a combination of pride and guilt. Much of his poetry revolved around life on the reservation as a child. Jay continued paying the bills by satirically appearing as his famous character. The Phynx (1970) was a momentous bomb featuring an epic string of cameos, a picture that could only have been made during the era of Hollywood in which everyone in Hollywood, including the horses, were high on LSD. Described by the Internet Movie Database like so: "An athlete, a campus militant, a black model, and an American Indian are picked by a computer (shaped like a woman) to form a rock group called The Phynx and go on tour in Albania where American show biz people have been kidnapped by Communists. Some of the stars that the phony band rescues: Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O' Sullivan, Leo Gorcey and Huntz Hall, Ed Sullivan, James Brown, Colonel Sanders, Guy Lombardo, Andy Devine, Ruby Keeler, Edgar Bergen, Butterfly McQueen, Jay Silverheels, Rudy Vallee, Xavier Cugat, Trini Lopez, Dick Clark, Richard Pryor, Harold 'Oddjob' Sakata, George Jessel and Rhona Barrett." The film also featured Martha Raye, Rich Little, Warhol confidant Ultra Violet, Pat McCormick and Busby Berkeley(!). The Phynx perform their psychedelic garage sounds and the rest of the soundtrack is permeated by custom pop written for the movie by Leiber - Stoller ! Watch the opening credits here and random pieces of the picture here and here . Despite the success to remove some Indian stereotypes from the airwaves, others persisted. Jay Silverheels starred in a remarkable Chevy commercial from 1970 that tried to make fun of an ignorant white man. Despite the satirical intentions, it is hard to imagine a commercial from the same year with a sentence like, "Wait George, I know how to talk to Black people!" Watch it here . In 1971 Jay had his name legally changed from Harry Smith to Jay Silverheels. The same year he had a cameo on an episode of The Brady Bunch known as The Brady Braves before turning away from showbiz. Instead he reverted to a quiet life raising horses and occasionaly partcipating in harness races with his horse Tribal Dance. He made several personal appearances on the rodeo circuit. After a quiet and dormant 1972, Jay returned to full-time film and television work in 1973. He made the Disney feature One Little Indian (1973) and worked in a western starring Burt Reynolds titled The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing (1973). During the location filming in Utah, a dead body was found in the Gila Bend Motel where cast and crew were staying, an apparent suicide. Santee (1973) was another western and another small part. It is notable for being one of the first feature length motion pictures shot on videotape (like Frank Zappa's 200 Motels before it). Edward Platt of Get Smart fame was convinced that video filming would be the wave of the future and invested thousands and thousands of his finances into the film (Silverheels and Platt are probably, more than anyone else in the history of Hollywood, the two most often billed as 'The Chief'). Santee was directed by Gary Nelson who also directed Platt in twenty-three episodes of Get Smart. The movie was a box-office failure. Platt did not recoup any of his investment and died the next year. Silverheels played a ranch foreman in the picture. It was also Jay's final motion picture. In 1975 Silverheels suffered a crippling stroke that put an end to his public appearances. He moved into the long-term care facility at The Motion Picture Country Home in Woodland Hills. In 1979 he would be the first Native to ever have their name on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, thanks to some serious lobbying from comedian and friend Jonathan "Why Don't the Indians Win More of the Pictures" Winters. An ailing Jay Silverheels made what was his final public appearance at his Walk of Fame ceremony. Jay Silverheels died on March 5th, 1980. His body was cremated and the ashes scattered on his family farm outside of Brantford. The Indian Actors Workshop ultimately died with Silverheels, although its concept was amalgamated into the new American Indian Registry for the Performing Arts headed by Will Sampson . In the eyes of many First Nations people in Canada and Native Americans throughout the United States, the roles portrayed by Jay Silverheels remain a sorrowful example of the Uncle Tomahawk. To other Aboriginals, the sweeping accomplishments Silverheels managed to achieve despite unbelievable, racist odds are a source of pride. For most, it is a combination of the two. EPILOGUE In autumn of 2008, an announcement was made about a new Lone Ranger feature length film, to be scripted by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio who penned the successful Pirates of the Caribbean trilogy. George Clooney is rumored as the potential Lone Ranger with Tonto confirmed to be played by that legendary Native American hero... Johnny Depp . FOOTNOTES 1 This is the same reservation that another extremely successful Native actor was raised on: Graham Greene. Unlike Jay Silverheels who was Mohawk, Greene , is Oneida. 2 The editorial appeared in The Times Picayune of New Orleans. Iron Eyes Cody was not the first man to be wrapped up in a scandal like this. In the late twenties and early thirties a blue-eyed Scotsman named Archie Belaney fooled the continent into believing that he was a sage-wise Aboriginal named Grey Owl. He wrote books in which his picture appeared, made several docu-dramas and went on lecture tours through Canada, the United States and England. Nobody questioned his validity. Newspaper interviewers and even the publishers of his books believed he was who and what he said he was. It should have been obvious he was white with his bright blue eyes and Caucasian complexion, but the ignorance of the masses allowed him to easily dupe legions of people. His ruse was only exposed at the time of his death in 1938, when those writing his newspaper obituaries started to investigate his background. 3 To this day, Canada is held in contempt by the United Nations for its voting record on Native issues. In 2006 Canada voted against a declaration in the United Nations that recognized, "the rights of indigenous people to persist in their own customs and traditions, to represent themselves, to have a say in their own education ... and to be free from unwarranted military intrusions upon traditional lands." As was reported by CBC News in September of 2007 , "The international community has adopted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, despite high-profiled opposition from Canada ... The non-binding declaration, which sets out global human rights standards for indigenous populations was easily approved ... the declaration states: 'Indigenous peoples have the right to lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired.' 'We shouldn't vote for things on the basis of political correctness ...' [Prime Minister Stephen] Harper said." A lack of help for a large, sprawling, poverty stricken area of Vancouver from Canada's government would lead activist groups to ask the United Nations for foreign aid to help the devastated, predominantly Native area of the city. Miloon Kathari of the United Nations, after touring the area, responded to the pleas for foreign aid in a statement, explaining, "I think it's a valid request." 4 One Nation Under God was added to the Pledge of Allegiance in 1954 and In God We Trust was scribbled on US currency in 1956. FURTHER REFERRENCE One more anecdote from the book I Was That Masked Man by Clayton Moore and Frank Thompson (1996, Taylor Publishing Company) would be incongruous to the article but is worth relaying here: "A rancher, George Spahn, had a beautiful spread just above [where The Lone Ranger was filmed]. I knew George pretty well; he often supplied us with horses when we were filming in the area ... In 1969, I was in the area ... and decided to drop in and see George. When we arrived, we saw about a dozen young people on George's porch. They looked like hippies ... it did strike me as unusual that they were here, on George Spahn's ranch ... Inside, George was sitting there motionless, It was very dark in the room. I called out, "George how are you?" He cocked his head to me and said, "Clayton?" and started to cry ... We talked for a while and he seemed distressed. I really couldn't get him to say much ... We visited for less than an hour. George seemed depressed. As we prepared to leave, I said, "Is there anyting I can do for you, George?" He said, "Just come back to see me." I promised that I would ... I never got the sense he was in danger. If I had, I never would have left him there ... I later learned that those young people were part of Charles Manson's "family" ... a couple weeks after my visit [The Manson Murders occurred]." Here is a bit more on the Métis and First Nations depictions in Hollywood from author Pierre Berton. All of this, again, comes from his book Hollywood's Canada (1975, McClellan and Stewart). "The historical and anthropological truth about the Métis is almost the exact opposite of the impression conveyed by the movies. To present them as a lawless breed, constantly pursued by the mounted police is to fly directly in the face of established fact. They did not sell whisky to the Indians; that crime must be laid at the feet of the white men - first the great fur-trading companies and later the American renegades who built the notorious whisky forts in what is now southern Alberta. It was the Métis and not the white men who first brought law to the untrammelled northwest, buidling a code based on the sensible and strict orthodoxy of the buffalo hunt. At the Métis community of St. Laurent - where the great Gabriel Dumont ("the prince of the prairies") was leader - the people, unable to wait for the Canadian government to bring the law to the prairie country, set up laws of their own, organizing a local government and a real estate code; fixing penalties for theft, slander, seduction, and arson; establishing a free ferry service; and choosing, in Dumont, a president who made it quite clear that he that he had no intention of setting up an independent state. And all this took place before the arrival of the North West Mounted Police. It was not Métis lawlessness that brought the police; it was the depredations of white invaders from south of the border. They murdered Indians, poisoned wolves, exchanged rotgut whisky for furs and were a law onto themselves ... Flamboyant the Métis certainly were ... But they did not murder and they did not steal and they did not seduce. All the evidence shows that they lived by a strict code of laws that encouraged community co-operation. The Hollywood Canadian Indian differed in no way from the Hollywood American Indian ... Clifford Wilson, editor of the Hudson's Bay Company magazine was a technical adviser on the film Hudson's Bay. He reported that 'the Hollywood costumers, like most other people, seem to think that the Indian wore a sort of uniform of buckskin leggings and hair parted in the middle hanging in two plaits.' Wilson tried to explain that the hair-do, especially, would be extremely varied, depending on individual tastes. His advice was ignored. 'It was so much easier to buy one hundred and fifty wigs all of the same pattern.' The movie braves, when not attired in the cumbersome war bonnets that in real life would make concealment impossible, are invariably shown with bands on their heads, as are Indian maidens. Actually, the beaded headband is a Hollywood invention, not an Indian one. But it has become engrained in the culture, thanks to the movies, that many young Native North Americans on both sides of the border have taken to wearing it, in the mistaken belief that they are preserving a small fragment of their own heritage. [One theory] is the headband was first popularized in American wild west shows and later, in Hollywood's early days, to prevent wigs from falling off the actors' heads." I always welcome corrections in the comments section. Just don't be too smarmy about it.	i don't know
Rosalynn Smith is or was married to which former US President	James Carter \| whitehouse.gov Air Force One James Carter Jimmy Carter served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. Jimmy Carter aspired to make Government "competent and compassionate," responsive to the American people and their expectations. His achievements were notable, but in an era of rising energy costs, mounting inflation, and continuing tensions, it was impossible for his administration to meet these high expectations. Carter, who has rarely used his full name--James Earl Carter, Jr.--was born October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Peanut farming, talk of politics, and devotion to the Baptist faith were mainstays of his upbringing. Upon graduation in 1946 from the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, Carter married Rosalynn Smith. The Carters have three sons, John William (Jack), James Earl III (Chip), Donnel Jeffrey (Jeff), and a daughter, Amy Lynn. After seven years' service as a naval officer, Carter returned to Plains. In 1962 he entered state politics, and eight years later he was elected Governor of Georgia. Among the new young southern governors, he attracted attention by emphasizing ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers. Carter announced his candidacy for President in December 1974 and began a two-year campaign that gradually gained momentum. At the Democratic Convention, he was nominated on the first ballot. He chose Senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his running mate. Carter campaigned hard against President Gerald R. Ford, debating with him three times. Carter won by 297 electoral votes to 241 for Ford. Carter worked hard to combat the continuing economic woes of inflation and unemployment. By the end of his administration, he could claim an increase of nearly eight million jobs and a decrease in the budget deficit, measured in percentage of the gross national product. Unfortunately, inflation and interest rates were at near record highs, and efforts to reduce them caused a short recession. Carter could point to a number of achievements in domestic affairs. He dealt with the energy shortage by establishing a national energy policy and by decontrolling domestic petroleum prices to stimulate production. He prompted Government efficiency through civil service reform and proceeded with deregulation of the trucking and airline industries. He sought to improve the environment. His expansion of the national park system included protection of 103 million acres of Alaskan lands. To increase human and social services, he created the Department of Education, bolstered the Social Security system, and appointed record numbers of women, blacks, and Hispanics to Government jobs. In foreign affairs, Carter set his own style. His championing of human rights was coldly received by the Soviet Union and some other nations. In the Middle East, through the Camp David agreement of 1978, he helped bring amity between Egypt and Israel. He succeeded in obtaining ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. Building upon the work of predecessors, he established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and completed negotiation of the SALT II nuclear limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. There were serious setbacks, however. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan caused the suspension of plans for ratification of the SALT II pact. The seizure as hostages of the U. S. embassy staff in Iran dominated the news during the last 14 months of the administration. The consequences of Iran's holding Americans captive, together with continuing inflation at home, contributed to Carter's defeat in 1980. Even then, he continued the difficult negotiations over the hostages. Iran finally released the 52 Americans the same day Carter left office. The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States of America,” by Frank Freidel and Hugh Sidey. Copyright 2006 by the White House Historical Association. For more information about President Carter, please visit	Jimmy Carter
Which angel in Charlie's Angels was played by Jaclyn Smith	1000+ images about James Earl Carter on Pinterest \| Buy bags, Peanuts and Daughters The Presidency of Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter as a young naval officer Save Learn more at koinonia2012celebration.org jimmy and rosalynn carter - On July 7, 1946, they married in Plains. The couple had four children: John William "Jack" (born 1947), James Earl "Chip" III (born 1950), Donnel Jeffrey "Jeff" (born 1952), and Amy Lynn (born 1967). The first three were born in different parts of the country and away from Georgia, due to her husband's military duties. president and first lady from 1977-1981 Save Jimmy Carter- Walter Mondale campaign button 1976 Save At Home With Presidential Families - Traditional Home® Save	i don't know
Which bargain retail chain of shops was started in 1990 by David Dodd and Stephen Smith	Steve Smith: Founder of Poundland started with an old desk and a fax machine - then sold it for £50MILLION - Mirror Online Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email At just two years old, Steve Smith would be taken to his dad’s market stall at 6am on freezing mornings. Money was tight but selling was clearly in the blood – and the family venture was to prove a powerful influence in the little boy’s life. Now a multi-millionaire, the founder of Poundland looks back fondly on his childhood learning to be a “real Del Boy” in today's Sunday People. Once his dad accidentally nearly sold HIM when someone tried to buy a cardboard box he was hiding in under the stall. Poundland – the store chain that sells everything for a quid – turns over nearly £1billion a year and 80 per cent of the UK population has shopped there. Even Britney Spears has been a customer. And Steve, who sold his interest in the firm for £50million, lives in a 13-bedroom mansion. But his is a real-life rags-to-riches story. His childhood home was a tiny flat in Willenhall, West Midlands and his dad Keith was a draughtsman at a factory. Before Steve was born, Keith launched a new enterprise to provide for his expected family. Steve, who is now planning an online version of Poundland called poundshop.com, told the Sunday People: “When my mum Maureen got pregnant with me, Dad decided to sell boxes of pens to workmates and around houses. “He bought a gross of pens and went knocking on doors. “He soon found he was making more money as a trader, so he quit his job. Not that it was a fortune. We weren’t well off at all.” Keith’s next step was to start a local market stall. Steve went on: “Eventually I followed in his footsteps and worked on Bilston market. "My father started taking me there from when I was two. Other kids were at the park on the swings, but the market was my playground. "I used to hide in the boxes under the stalls and nearly got sold. “A customer picked a box up, thinking there was something inside worth buying – but Dad realised it was me. “I used to be straight out of school and on to the stall, loading vans, going round houses knocking on doors to try to sell things. “It was a way of making pocket money. I was always interested in making cash. I’d get round to doing my homework later. “I was more interested in getting into business than school. I ended up leaving with four CSEs.” By then his father had progressed to owning his own cash and carry. Steve, 51, said: “I used to help out, sweeping the floor, making sure the stock was up to date and learning the ropes. Splash: The pool area of his Staffordshire mansion (Photo: Matt Sprake Photography) "I liked dealing with customers and I went on to run my own stalls.” The tycoon-in-waiting opened his own discount business in West Bromwich at the age of 16. He recalled: “I sold everything from radios to soap, real Del Boy stuff. People used to come to us with job lots of stock that we’d buy and sell on. "That’s where the idea for Poundland came from. We had a box where we put things that fell out of the packaging. “We would sell it for 10p an item. It was really popular. The box always sold out.” Dad Keith sold his successful cash and carry in 1988, and retired to Majorca. And while Steve was visiting his parents with wife Tracy, 50, Poundland was born. He said: “We discussed the box where we sold everything for 10p. The pound coin had quite recently come out. "We linked that with the 10p box idea and came up with Poundland. “I opened a little office with a second-hand desk and fax machine. Just my wife and myself. “I would spend all day trying to convince landlords to let me open a shop where I sold everything for a pound. “I didn’t believe it would be so difficult. There was much opposition and I had many knockbacks, but I believed in the concept. “That wasn’t the only thing I had to deal with. I also had to make sure I had enough stock to put in the shops. Convincing suppliers was difficult. “Eventually I found a shopping centre in Burton upon Trent that was struggling to rent out units. "I convinced them to let me try and make it work at the beginning of December 1990. It was frantic trying to convince suppliers to give me stock in the run up to Christmas. Poundland: Smith with his very own bar (Photo: Matt Sprake Photography) "And I had to scrape enough money to pay them. “We opened that first shop on December 13 – and it sold out. “People were waiting outside and we sold close to £13,000 of stock that first day. “Then we had to work through the night to get the shelves stocked again.” Steve soon set about expanding his business. He said: “Our big breakthrough came when we got into Meadowhall in Sheffield, one of the UK’s best shopping centres. “We had snooty people saying they didn’t want us but Eddie Healey, the owner, let us have a stall. I always remember my father coming from Majorca to see the grand opening. "We had gone 54 hours without sleep.” Steve, Tracey and their colleagues had their work cut out because their margins were so tight. He recalled: “We’d be waiting at the wholesalers when they opened – which meant driving across the country or even sleeping in the van overnight. “We wanted to be first there so we could reserve products. “My wife and I travelled night and day to find products. But it was all worth it. I really loved it when I picked up a bargain I could pass on to the customers. “I remember getting computer desks that retailed for £80 and I sold them for £1. “We sold 30,000 golf clubs for £1 each. I’d managed to source them in less than an hour and they went in 40 minutes. I used to love it when that happened. “At one time we had car radios for sale at £1.” He sold his interest in Poundland in 2002, by then a million customers a week were going into his stores and 6,000 people were employed. Steve said: “I didn’t want to sell but one night one of my suppliers put a cheque for £10million in my top pocket. "I didn’t actually sell it for six months – and then I got close to £50million.” Steve now has a luxury lifestyle, with a mansion in Shropshire and homes in Florida and Majorca. But he could not bring himself to retire and has since launched numerous businesses. One provides investment loans to help dreams come true for other would-be entrepreneurs. And he is looking forward to passing on more good deals to his customers with poundshop.com – as well as making a few quid himself of course. Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	Poundland
In which country did the Granny Smith apple originate	Poundland - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Poundland Dave Dodd and Stephen Smith Headquarters www.poundland.co.uk Poundland is a British -based variety store chain which sells every item in its stores for £1 . [5] Established in April 1990 by Dave Dodd and Stephen Smith, Poundland stock a variety of around 3,000 [6] home and kitchen-ware, gifts, healthcare and other products, many of which are brand name and clearance products . Like many of its rivals, Poundland operates a constantly rotating product line of cheaply-bought bulk products , some of which have been known to get recalled by the retailer due to failing health and safety regulations. [7] Although price-point retailing was invented in the United States during the 1870s, the chain claims to have introduced this concept to Europe [8] and is the largest single-price retailer in Europe. [9] The retailer claims that their Croydon store is the busiest single-priced outlet in the world, generating more than £9 million in revenue per year with 30,000 customers a week, which as of December 2008, was more than any of its yen and dollar counterparts in Japan and the USA respectively. [6] The company estimates it serves 2.5 million customers in an average week. [1] Poundland have enjoyed strong sales growth and have maintained steady profit growth against increasing inflation . This, among other factors, has been aided by a strong customer base of predominantly female shoppers every week in the C1, C2, D and E categories [10] (the lowerclasses in a system of demographic classification used in the United Kingdom ). The chain employs 6,500 staff and their company union is the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW) . Their closest rival in the market is 99p Stores , who undercut Poundland's prices by a penny. It was announced in September 2008 that Poundland's owners, Advent International , are said to be cashing in on the resurgence in value retailers by putting the chain up for sale. The report comes as figures show that value retailers are seeing a business boom in the current economic climate . [11] Contents Advertisements Formation Claiming to have introduced the concept of single-price retailing, Dave Dodd and Stephen Smith founded the retail chain in April 1990 [5] with a starting capital of just £50,000. [12] A Poundland store in Peterborough, England The first pilot store opened in December 1990 in the Octagon Centre, Burton upon Trent , after countless turndowns by big landlords who had reservations about allowing such a store to operate, [12] given they could easily undercut every retailer in sight. It was soon followed by other stores, most notably on The High Street, Meadowhall . Growth continued throughout the early 1990s, with six stores by December 1991 and a further seven a year later. In 1995, Smith failed to plan for more warehouse space, and retail growth pushed their storage capacity past its limits. In the same year, stock theft reached an unacceptable high. In response, a new 130,000-square-foot (12,000 m2) warehouse was built, although at a cost of heavy profit losses, from £850,000 in 1994, to £400,000 in 1995. [12] The retailer managed to resolve their operational difficulties throughout 1996 when their new warehouse site became fully operational. Early 2000s Although enduring a troubled first few years, Poundland has since become a multi-million pound business , with its 150th store opening in Northampton in mid-2006 and a gross turnover of £311 million in 2007, up from £281m the previous year. [10] Following a management buy-out in 2002, the company has continued to grow with annual profit growth of 23.44% (2007) [8] and aims to continue its store expansion by 30 a year into 2009, overseen by James McCarthy. Chairman Colin Smith, speaking in April 2005 as Poundland revealed it had invested £20–25 million in building a 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) distribution centre, said there was great scope for further growth, saying "We can clearly conceive this chain having 400-plus stores in future". [13] Poundland operate a recycling initiative through which they will give money for old mobile phones , while at the same time making charitable contributions and helping the environment. [14] Late-2000s' economic crisis Reports emerged in September 2008 that Poundland's owners, Advent International , have put the retail chain up for sale. The report comes as figures show that value retailers are seeing business boom in the current economic climate . [11] Poundland, unlike many of its rivals, have been one of the few to report strong sales in a time of economic crisis , with 2008-2009 revenue just short of £400m, up from £330m for 2007-2008. [6] Despite this, Poundland has not been totally immune to the recession. The retailer has been forced to close down stores that are not financially viable, even if well-positioned. Such was the case with their store in West Ealing , where it is believed high rental costs were one of the reasons why the company pulled out of the area. [15] Although the chain has seen their strongest growth and sales during the recession, CEO Jim McCarthy notes that there is a common misconception that Poundland is a better business in a recession, when actually they're better during normal economic conditions, but are very robust to manage well despite the state of the economy. [9] When the rate of VAT was reduced in November 2008 to 15%, Poundland's prices remained fixed at £1, by reason that they have kept the same single price point of £1 for 18 years and during that time have always absorbed duty and increased supplier costs without raising its price point. Chief executive Jim McCarthy said the chain will pass the savings on to customers in other ways. [16] With difficult economic conditions continuing into 2009, the supermarket retailer Asda announced in January 2009 that they would cut the price of many of their branded products such as Colgate toothpaste to just £1, in competition with Poundland who are offering the same branded products at the £1 price point. In response, Poundland introduced multi-buy offers to provide a larger quantity of the products for the same price of £1. [17] The announcement comes after reports show that value retailers are seeing their sales and profits boom during the credit crunch, with value-conscious customers making the switch from traditional larger supermarket retailers for their everyday necessities. [6] The retailer had a good start into 2010 when they announced they had seen a surge in sales by nearly 35% over the 2009-2010 festive period. [1] Management In 2002, Dave Dodd, co-founder of the chain, led a management buy-out by Advent International worth £47.5m for 78% of the company, [8] where he received £304,000, making him worth some £25 million at that time. [5] The sale allowed for the company's accelerated growth, expanding the store portfolio to well over 150 throughout the UK and creating an additional 500 jobs. [18] He became chief executive with a 12% share in the business, and brought in Colin Smith as chairman , former chief executive of Safeway . James McCarthy took over from Dave Dodd as chief executive of the value retailer in September 2006. He joined Poundland having been lured away as managing director at Sainsbury's , [19] with the offer of an "attractive equity incentive" that he will be able to cash in when the group's US owner, Advent International, sells out. [20] Business practice Poundland truck transporting goods from warehouses to Poundland stores DHL Exel Supply Chain announced in March 2008 that it won a new three year contract worth £9 million with Poundland for transporting and supplying stock. [21] DHL will be importing consumer products from overseas countries such as China , to transport them to Poundland stores throughout the UK. DHL will transport a variety of products for Poundland from UK outbases in Billingham, Hatfield and Belshill. [21] Sales strategy Poundland's biggest sales advantage is their price consistency across all products. While other retailers must decide upon the price of each individual product and have this clearly displayed to their customers, Poundland may simply move stock onto its shelves from their warehouses, so customers always know how much a product costs. [12] Poundland promote this strategy through their slogan, "Yes, Everything's £1!". Although the retailer encountered initial scepticism from some suppliers worried about selling their top brands in a discount environment, this was quickly dispelled and the big brand suppliers now deal directly with the retailer. Suppliers can see the benefits to this strategy being that they know exactly where the products are going, the quantity being told, and the price the retailer is selling them at. [22] Running a store in which prices cannot change at all presents interesting challenges, particularly with inflation, as it is difficult to change all the signs to read, for example, "everything is £1.05", although inflation has also meant that there are products which could not previously sell that suddenly are on their radar due to RRP prices exceeding £1. [23] Upon joining Poundland as CEO, McCarthy had plans to expand the price offering and increase the margin, envisaging a £2 section, a 50p section, a discount zone, and so forth. Upon visiting America to see how the discount stores over there did it, the overwhelming message was not to change the single price as customers understand it. [24] The retailer is able to dismiss concerns whenever the pound becomes weak, as this means shipping and freight costs also reduce, which counteract the impact of a weaker pound. [6] Since November 2003, all of Poundland's stores have been using an advanced point of sale solution, developed in-house running on Epson 's touchscreen Intelligent Registers (IRs). [25] The primary purpose is to track and understand which products customers are buying, allowing for up-to-date tracking of the most popular products, helping to ensure constant stock via automated ordering. [25] Their PoS system is set to improve further, with trials underway of contactless payments in two of their London stores for payments of £10 or less to make purchasing goods even quicker. The technology was introduced in 2007, but few retailers have so far announced full roll-outs of it. [26] Plans to launch a transactional web site before the end of 2009 were under consideration during 2008-2009, in an effort to attract consumers not served by any of its stores. The proposed site would offer a limited range of products with best-sellers and seasonal items featuring strongly, such as Halloween and Christmas products. Poundland ran a similar trial scheme during the early 2000s, with an average transaction value of £25. [27] However, CEO James McCarthy said he had decided to postpone plans for transactional web site indefinitely, to concentrate on opening new stores. [28] Products offered "Toolbox" branded Poundland DIY products Poundland offer a range of over 3000 products, [6] with 10,000 new products featured in any year. David Coxon, Buying & Merchandising Director, defines stock as falling into one of three different categories: ongoing core lines (products bought direct from the manufacturer), seasonal ranges and clearance stock. [29] Until recently, all unbranded products stocked by Poundland, which account for roughly 70% of total stock, [10] would carry the Poundland branding and logo. However, the retailer has been able to increase sales by removing the Poundland branding and creating around 50 sub-brands, such as Beauty Nation, Kitchen Corner and Toolbox for its value line of DIY products. [6] In total, the retailer stocks more than 800 branded products, [6] the majority being food and drink, [30] and more recently have introduced eggs to eight of its stores as part of a trial, which the retailer believes is likely to be a "top 20 volume seller". [27] In 2003, The Grocer reported that approximately 400 of the chain's 2000 stock-keeping units (SKUs) are in impulse and grocery lines. [22] Food products now account for 14 per cent of store space and 28 per cent of revenue, [27] with 55% of its customers purchasing food or drink, particularly taking advantage of their multibuy offers such as four-for-£1 deals on branded crisps , confectionery and soft drinks . [31] One of Poundland's best selling items, Kodak batteries In October 2009, Poundland launched their own range of bagged sweets branded "Sweet Heaven", in a bid to help fill a gap left in the high street by the demise of Woolworths. The range will include a number of favourites that used to be found in the Woolworths' Pick n Mix selection. [32] As well as their own brand line of products, the retailer also sells hundreds of products from other top brands such as Colgate , Walkers and Cadburys to name a few. [33] Poundland are officially Britain's largest seller of batteries , stocking reputable brands such as Sony , Panasonic and Kodak in quantities priced more competitively than their closest rivals, [29] with the Kodak batteries being one of their best sellers. [34] Some of the products offered by Poundland which carry their branding are in fact supplied by manufacturers who are fussier about the retail positioning of their products and would rather allow their products to sell without their own branding attached. [12] Poundland often sell large quantities of their stock to other retailers off-the-shelf, where it is cheaper for these retailers to pay £1 each for a bulk purchase than it would be to pay a discounted bulk-purchase rate elsewhere. [12] Store expansion Store growth from 2000-2009 As can be seen in the graph to the left, store growth was slow, but steady year-on-year until 2003, when the retailer almost doubled their amount of stores over the 3 year period to 2006, from 80 to 150. Growth then stablised again at around 150 stores until early 2008, when the retailer took advantage of the economic downturn to further expand their store portfolio at an average rate of 3.7 stores a month, from February 2008 - September 2009. Poundland have a keen interest to expand their store portfolio by 30 new stores every year, [35] while also increasing its optimum store size by 25% to around 7,000 square feet (650 m2), comprising around 5,000 square feet (460 m2) of sales space. [36] Poundland's property director Craig Bales is responsible for store expansion, saying that "although the economy was suffering, this had not resulted in a ready supply of suitable stores for expansion." [36] In 2007, Chief Executive Jim McCarthy said that the retailer would consider expanding operations into Europe and the far east once it has extended its UK portfolio to 650 stores. [30] The retailer reached their first milestone in May 2004 with their 100th store opening in Merry Hill Shopping Centre , Dudley , [37] and on 27 November 2008, Coronation Street actor Anthony Cotton opened Poundland's 200th store at the Frenchgate Centre in Doncaster , [38] . The retailer expanded into Northern Ireland and had opened 6 stores there before Christmas 2009, selling locally-sourced goods such as milk as well as the usual branded products. [9] The company also celebrated a milestone when their 250th store opening on 21 November 2009, ahead of schedule, with further plans for another 17 before Christmas 2009. [39] Customer base Poundland boast a loyal customer base , with roughly 2.5 million [1] predominantly female shoppers (who account for roughly 80% of the customer base [29] ) every week in the C1, C2, D and E categories. [10] However, it claims 10% of its customers are in the A/B group, with the retailer seeing a 22% rise in the number of shoppers in this group over the 2007/2008 period. [40 ] Poundland also attract students and the elderly who typically watch their budgets and look for bargains . [10] The retailer has been keen in recent years to move away from their reputation of only appealing to low-income households, as they continue to expand into mainstream shopping centres and districts, with an increasing number of higher earning consumers in the market for a bargain. [10] Poundland's ability to fight inflation by guaranteeing their prices will remain consistent is just one factor in their appeal to a larger customer base. [41] An increasing number of households are seeing Poundland as a means to purchase their regular household necessities at a time of financial struggle . Where some high street shops have reported a downturn in profits , Poundland, a member of the bargain shop retail sector, have seen strong growth attributed to rapid price inflation of many of the household necessities, [42] with an increasing number of hard-pressed customers visiting its stores for bargains, bulk buying items such as toothpaste and tinned food . [43] Competition 99p Stores are Poundland's closest rival and competitor in the price-point retail sector Value and discount retailers have seen a boom in sales since the recession at the start of 2009. Although there are several retailers with the same strategy as Poundland, such as independent businesses and smaller price-point retail chains such as Poundworld, Poundland's closest and largest rival in the sector is 99p Stores , whose buying director Faisal Lalani cited one of their main aims being to catch up with Poundland and their 223 stores as of August 2009. [44] Other larger chains have also been hit by the success of discount retailers, with many budget-concious customers making the switch from traditional larger supermarket retailers for their everyday necessities. [6] A strategy adopted by Poundland to lure customers away from the larger supermarket chains is to give them confidence with reputable household brands, then bring them in en-masse by selling those names at prices that defy and undercut almost any competition , at which point try to entice the 40% to impulse buy other products on offer, hopefully own-brand , that they may not necessarily have planned to purchase. [29] In response to this trend, supermarket retailer Asda announced in January 2009 that they would cut the price of many of their branded products such as Colgate toothpaste to just £1, in competition with Poundland who are offering the same branded products at the £1 price point. In an effort to stiffle the competition, Poundland introduced multi-buy offers to provide a larger quantity of the products for the same price of £1 to avoid deterring this lucrative band of customers back to Poundland's larger competitors. [17] However, research conducted by The Grocer magazine in August 2009 found that of the 1300-odd supposedly discounted products on sale in ASDA during July 2009, a third were the same price as in March 2008 and 173 products had been selling for less than £1 during Spring 2009, [29] while prices at Poundland have remained fixed since the chain was founded in 1990. Financial performance Poundland have seen strong increases in turnover year on year, [45] helped by an increase of store openings and turbulant economic conditions . Week ending 8.8 Criticism and customer perception Although the £1 price prevails throughout the stores, some branded products are offered cheaper or with better value at larger supermarket chains, as the price consistency across all product ranges in Poundland creates customer perception of a bargain. For example, two reporters from the Daily Mirror newspaper in November 2009 compared prices for branded products offered at Poundland with the same products offered at larger supermarket stores and found in some cases the larger supermarket stores offered better value for money. [46] Reviewers tend to speak positively about the store on many online review sites, however, some tend to criticize poor store layout, design and overcrowding, as well as inadequate customer service and staff knowledge. [47] Despite this, in a survey the retailer conducted in July 2007, 99% of respondents said they would recommend the chain. [10] Environmental concerns In 2008, Poundland infuriated green campaigners by flying Polo peppermints 7,300 miles (11,700 km) into the UK from Indonesia , rather than sourcing them locally. Despite Poundland being close to the Nestle Rowntree's factory in York , which has made the mint since 1948, Poundland insists it is cheaper for them to source the product from overseas, even taking in to account transport costs, to ensure it can continue to provide its customers with value for money. [48] It later emerged that the mints were transported by ship, not by air, so the environmental objections were less valid. [23] Health and safety Although Poundland claim that they strive to provide its customers with good quality products while keeping the cost low, there are occasionally some products which fail to meet health and safety standards, and in some cases pose a health threat to the consumer. One such example occurred in February 2006, when dangerous car jump leads were withdrawn from sale across all stores. Although the cable gave the appearance of being heavy duty, it was found to only have a 3 amp wire in the centre following tests by council officers which, if used, could quickly overheat, melt and possibly catch fire. [7] In October 2008, the retailer was been forced to recall Halloween witch hats, as checks on the item revealed a small number of chemicals classified as unsafe for young children. [49] Aside from potentially unsafe products, Poundland has also been found guilty of blocking fire exits at a cost to the company of £3000, [50] as well as also being fined £13,000 in 2005 for unsafe racking in its warehouse. [51] In October 2009, the newspaper Newbury Today reported that customers who purchase a miniature keyring knife from Poundland stores are breaking the law as soon as they leave the store. The blade locks like a Stanley-style knife and the law states this makes it illegal to possess in public unless it is for work or religious reasons. The retailer had been highlighted about the problem previously, however continued to sell the item, despite some customers ending up in court and being prosecuted for possession of the item. Poundland spokeswoman Emma Broomhall said these had now been withdrawn from sale in Newbury and across all its stores, however did not address the claim that its customers had been liable for prosecution once they left the store. [52] See also	i don't know
Who succeeded Joseph Smith as the leader of the Mormons	Mormon leader killed by mob - Jun 27, 1844 - HISTORY.com Mormon leader killed by mob Share this: Mormon leader killed by mob Author Mormon leader killed by mob URL Publisher A+E Networks Joseph Smith, the founder and leader of the Mormon religion, is murdered along with his brother Hyrum when an anti-Mormon mob breaks into a jail where they are being held in Carthage, Illinois. Born in Vermont in 1805, Smith claimed in 1823 that he had been visited by a Christian angel named Moroni who spoke to him of an ancient Hebrew text that had been lost for 1,500 years. The holy text, supposedly engraved on gold plates by a Native American historian in the fourth century, related the story of Israelite peoples who had lived in America in ancient times. During the next six years, Smith dictated an English translation of this text to his wife and other scribes, and in 1830 The Book of Mormon was published. In the same year, Smith founded the Church of Christ–later known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints–in Fayette Township. The religion rapidly gained converts, and Smith set up Mormon communities in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. However, the Christian sect was also heavily criticized for its unorthodox practices, such as polygamy. In 1844, Smith announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States. Although he did not have great enough appeal to win, the idea of Smith as president increased anti-Mormon sentiment. A group of dissenting Mormons began publishing a newspaper that was highly critical of the practice of polygamy and of Smith’s leadership; Smith had the press destroyed. The ensuing threat of violence prompted Smith to call out a militia in the Mormon town of Nauvoo, Illinois. He was charged with treason and conspiracy by Illinois authorities and imprisoned with his brother Hyrum in the Carthage city jail. On June 27, 1844, an anti-Mormon mob stormed in and murdered the brothers. Two years later, Smith’s successor, Brigham Young, led an exodus of persecuted Mormons from Nauvoo along the western wagon trails in search of religious and political freedom. In July 1847, the 148 initial Mormon pioneers reached Utah’s Valley of the Great Salt Lake. Upon viewing the valley, Young declared, “This is the place,” and the pioneers began preparations for the tens of thousands of Mormon migrants who would follow them to settle there. Related Videos	Brigham Young
"Which actor made his television debut as Fancy Smith in ""Z-Cars"""	Learn More About Mormon History Click Here to View All On The Same Page Prev Next Joseph Smith was born 23 December 1805 in Sharon, Vermont, in the northeastern United States. He later moved with his family to the rural community of Palmyra, New York, where in 1820 a religious revival occurred. Confused by the conflicting claims of the various faiths, Joseph went to the Bible for guidance and there found the challenge to "ask of God" for himself. In a wooded grove near the family farm, Joseph knelt to pray. There in that secluded place, in the most dramatic revelation since biblical times, God and his Son, Jesus Christ, appeared to the boy and gave him instructions. He was commanded to join none of the existing churches and was told that God would restore to earth the Church originally organized by Jesus Christ, with all of its truths and priesthood authority. Ten years later, after a series of revelations and dramatic visitations to Joseph and others, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was officially organized on 6 April 1830, in Fayette, New York. The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ In September of 1823, Joseph experienced a visitation from an ancient prophet, a man who had lived and died in the Hemisphere centuries earlier. This resurrected man, who said his name was Moroni , directed Joseph to a hill near Palmyra, where he showed him a religious history of an ancient American civilization engraved on metal plates and buried in the ground. It was four years before Joseph was permitted to take the record and translate it. It is known today as the Book of Mormon , named for one of the ancient prophets who had compiled it. The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ was first published in 1830. The Book of Mormon contains religious writings of civilizations in ancient America between about 2200 B.C. and A.D. 421. It includes an eyewitness account of the ministry of Jesus Christ on the American continent following his resurrection in Jerusalem. Restoration of Priesthood Authority Apostles and prophets in all ages have had authority from God to act in his name. The original Twelve Apostles received this priesthood authority under the hands of Jesus Christ himself. But with their passing, the authority of the apostleship disappeared from the earth. An essential component of the restoration, therefore, was the re-establishment of this priesthood authority in 1829. In May of that year, a resurrected being who identified himself as John the Baptist appeared to Joseph Smith and his associate Oliver Cowdery, laid his hands on their heads, and gave them the Aaronic Priesthood with the authority to baptize and perform other ordinances. Shortly thereafter, three of the original apostles -- Peter, James and John -- appeared to Joseph and Oliver and gave them the authority of the apostleship and the Melchizedek , or higher, Priesthood. With the restoration of priesthood authority, Joseph organized The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with six initial members. Growth and Opposition Like the ancient Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints began as a missionary church. In the mid-nineteenth century, converts were encouraged to gather with the members in America. Swelling ranks of immigrants from Europe and the eastern United States soon provided fuel for growing opposition as well. To escape the escalating turmoil, Church headquarters moved from New York to Ohio, then to Missouri and later to Illinois. In 1839 the Latter-day Saints established the community of Nauvoo (Illinois) on a tract of inhospitable swampland bordering the Mississippi River. Under the leadership of Joseph Smith, they drained the swamps and began erecting a community of beautiful homes, prosperous farms and businesses. They also built a temple. By 1844 Nauvoo rivaled Chicago in population. But mounting suspicion and anxiety within neighboring communities fed an atmosphere of extreme agitation and distrust. Newspapers in neighboring towns began to call for the Latter-day Saints' extermination. At the height of this turmoil, Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum were shot to death by an armed mob in nearby Carthage, Illinois. Brigham Young and the Westward Trek Mobs attacked Latter-day Saint settlements in the region, burning crops, destroying homes and threatening to exterminate the people. Church leaders knew a move was once again at hand. This one would become one of the most visionary and prodigious journeys in American history. As the senior of the Twelve Apostles, Brigham Young succeeded Joseph Smith as the leader of the Church. In February of 1846, he led the Latter-day Saints across the frozen Mississippi River into unsettled Iowa territory. They struggled across Iowa, eventually establishing a settlement called Winter Quarters near modern-day Omaha, Nebraska. Soon the community expanded to include hundreds of lodgings, many of them just dugouts or sod huts, on both sides of the river. Pursuing a vision initially articulated by Joseph Smith, Brigham Young prepared his people -- perhaps 17,000 of them by that time -- for a historic trek across the vast wilderness to the Rocky Mountains, 1,300 miles to the west. The first pioneer party departed from Winter Quarters early the next spring and arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake on 24 July 1847. During the next few years, thousands of other Latter-day Saints struggled across the American Great Plains to the newly found refuge. Some of the pioneers crossed the plains in wagons. Others were equipped with small, lightweight handcarts. Ten handcart companies crossed the American plains in the next four years. Eight made the journey with relative success, but two endured tragedy and saw hundreds perish of hunger, fatigue and exposure. For years after their arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, members of the Church were commissioned by Brigham Young to establish colonies throughout the West. In all, the pioneers settled more than 600 communities in a broad swath stretching 1,350 miles from southern Alberta into Mexico. Into the Modern Era When Utah was granted status as the nation's 45th state on 4 January 1896, Church membership totaled a quarter of a million, the majority living in Utah, with a modest number scattered in colonies throughout the western United States, southern Alberta and northern Mexico. By 1930, only about half of the membership lived in Utah, but the remainder was still largely North American. As the Church reached membership milestones throughout the twentieth century -- one million in 1947, two million in 1963, three million in 1971 and four million in 1978 -- the demographic makeup remained primarily United States' residents but was beginning to change markedly. Similarly, the Utah proportion became smaller and smaller. Membership of the Church reached 14 million in 2010 and 15 million in 2013 . Of that total, more than half live outside of the United States.	i don't know
Who was the lead guitarist with The Smiths	Johnny Marr on the Smiths, Morrissey and putting politics back in pop \| Music \| The Guardian Johnny Marr Johnny Marr on the Smiths, Morrissey and putting politics back in pop With the release of his first solo album The Messenger, the former Smiths guitarist talks about finally embracing his old sound, David Cameron and why he and Morrissey don't talk any more Johnny Marr: 'We invented indie as we still know it.' Photograph: Richard Saker Friday 11 January 2013 02.00 EST First published on Friday 11 January 2013 02.00 EST Share on Messenger Close During the December 2010 debate over the raising of student tuition fees in the House of Commons, Labour MP Kerry McCarthy asked a rather surreal question of prime minister David Cameron , who had just gone public with his rather unlikely fandom of leftwing, anti-Conservative, seminal Manchester indie band the Smiths. "As the Smiths are the archetypal student band, if he wins tomorrow night's vote, what songs does he think students will be listening to?" asked the member for Bristol East, to roars from the opposition benches . "Miserable Lie, I Don't Owe You Anything or Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now ?" Cameron, improbably, responded in kind. "I expect that if I turned up I probably wouldn't get This Charming Man," he quipped, "and if I went with the foreign secretary [William Hague] it would probably be William, It Was Really Nothing ." Reading this on mobile? See the video here "You do wonder," comments Johnny Marr , drily. "What part of the Smiths ethos did he not get?" Few British groups have had the far-reaching impact of the Smiths, and few guitarists are as celebrated as Marr. He was recently named NME's ultimate guitarist (ahead of Jimi Hendrix and Jimmy Page), and even has a Salford University honorary doctorate for "changing the face of British music". "I get a lot of people being very nice to me, even when I don't want them to be," the former Smith chuckles, pointedly. "With one or two exceptions, the people who like the music are always super nice and don't want to bother you. They just want to tell you how much they love it." He is nothing if not grateful to have been part of a band who "mean so much to so many people", but admits there is a downside: "It can be difficult when it's raining and you're running for the train." His grin widens, but he adds, more seriously. "Or you're trying to move on." Marr has spent 26 years trying to move on from the Smiths, who split in 1987, in which time he's been quite the musical chameleon. What he calls a "searching personality" has taken him from synthesizer pop with Bernard Sumner in Electronic to foreboding rock with Matt Johnson's The The, from folk with Bert Jansch to adult-oriented pop with Crowded House via playing with Bryan Ferry and Chic's Nile Rodgers. He has fronted short-lived Stooges-ish swamp rockers the Healers, enjoyed an unlikely US No 1 album with leftfield indie outfit Modest Mouse and taken his roving guitar gunslinger role to shouty Wakefield indie band the Cribs. It's hard to see how he could have journeyed further from the trademark "chiming man" guitars he played in the Smiths, short of playing a kazoo. Yet here he is, a youthful 49-year-old, talking about his first ever solo album, T he Messenger , which sees him returning to the big tunes and unmistakable, cascading guitar arpeggios that made him the guitarist of his generation. Reading this on mobile? See the video here We meet in a London photographic studio, where, having his picture taken earlier, Marr still looked unmistakably the bouffant-haired tunesmith whose 1983 Top of the Pops appearance alongside a gladioli-hurling Morrissey provided indie rock with its "year zero" moment. His reputation as one of rock's nicest guys is not without merit, yet he is also savvy and single-minded, and when he agrees to the photographer's request for photographs with a guitar it's with a matey but firm: "Just don't tell me how to hold it." In person, the matt black Keith Richards barnet and glittery nail varnish on his plectrum-holding right hand suggest a man who has spent his entire adult life as a national institution. Otherwise he's disarmingly normal, self-effacing but not falsely modest, and – mostly – open. But he sounds very much a man on a mission. "I felt something was missing from pop," he explains of The Messenger's prickly energy and epic, romantic soundscapes, which handily coincide with the widely predicted return of the guitar to pop's forefront in 2013. "When you hit it right on guitars in pop, it can be vivacious and exuberant and shiny. I've fond remembrances of bands like Blondie. Without being retro, if I'm really in the mood for it, that's what the guitar is for me. If people say parts of the record sound like the Smiths, I'm OK with that because hopefully it's got the same exuberance." The Messenger doesn't just nod to the Smiths. As he suggests, the wiry post-punk of bands such as Manchester predecessors Buzzcocks and Magazine is a major influence. The title track is electro pop. Marr (who first sang in the Healers, and worked on his vocals in the Cribs), not Morrissey, is singing. But for years, Marr wasn't "OK" with sounding anything like the Smiths. In fact, as he now admits, the band cast such a long shadow that his musical shapeshifting was an "entirely conscious" decision to avoid sounding like his former self at all. If he came up with a riff that sounded anything like the group, he'd "bin it, flick the Vs up at it". As for the innumerable occasions when other people moaned to him that Johnny Marr didn't sound like, well, Johnny Marr, "No one likes to be dictated to," he insists, combative edge starting to take hold. "If you've been put in a box marked 'jingle jangle indie pop blah blah' then it's your responsibility to break out of that, otherwise you're creatively dead. You might as well write your own tombstone, with diminishing returns." He finishes with a proud, defiant salvo: "Bernard Sumner used to have his head in his hands going 'Everybody's gonna blame me!' When I first played live with Electronic, I came out playing a synthesizer." But by 2005, he had been through so many metamorphoses that he couldn't see himself as a UK artist any more. So he went to Portland in the US (initially to join Modest Mouse, before hooking up with the relocated Cribs) to "find some space to play". One night, his fingers found the beginnings of the sort of instantly melodious guitar shape he turned out by the truckload when he was the musical half of songwriting partnership Morrissey and Marr. "In the past, I'd have shredded it because it sounded too much like me," he admits, "but it just felt so sweet and so genuine, it seemed important to just go with it." The riff became the Cribs's song We Share the Same Skies , after which he began pining for the way bands operated in the UK, especially in his youth. Reading this on mobile? See the video here "I knew I needed to come back to front a group that operated like that," he explains. "So we all live in Manchester and get together to rehearse a few nights a week even though we don't need to. I just started to act like I was in that group, even though I envisaged a solo record. I didn't want to be in a group where the lead singer didn't want to play guitar any more. So that meant I was the right man for the job." He sniggers. "Luckily!" Marr denies that he's been stubborn, just single-minded. "It's the prerogative of a young man in his 20s and 30s to be on one," he considers of what seems a partial volte-face, admitting that having been in the Smiths leaves an awful lot of baggage. "But equally, if you're in your 40s and still carrying that around, then you've got a problem." In May 1982, Marr was an 18-year-old clothes shop assistant when he sashayed up to fellow working-class Irish-Mancunian and renowned misfit-about-town Steven Patrick Morrissey to suggest they form a group. The pair of them were so instantly infatuated with each other's possibilities that on their second meeting they planned the Smiths in detail. They plotted the label they would sign to (Rough Trade), the famous record sleeves , even the colour of the label on their debut single (blue). Everything came true. "I didn't expect that. I'd written a load of catchy tunes in my bedroom." Morrissey and Marr onstage during the Smiths 80s heyday. Photograph: /Paul Slattery While Marr's guitar style and worldview assimilated Motown, Chic, the Hollies and Iggy Pop , Morrissey added words steeped in Oscar Wilde and 1960s kitchen-sink drama. Morrissey's declaration of celibacy was another genius move, which made fans desperate to be the first to love him. "We invented indie as we still know it," says Marr, the debt ceremoniously acknowledged in the 90s when Oasis's Noel Gallagher played Marr's guitar . But the guitarist was equally taken aback by the reach of the Smiths' non-musical impact: the amount of people that turned vegetarian because of Meat is Murder, or became politically motivated through Margaret on the Guillotine. "We were of that generation that came after punk and post-punk," he explains. "We're grateful for the revolution, but there was a bit of homophobia there, and sexism. There wasn't in indie. People don't talk about it now, but it was non-macho. If you were an alternative musician, you were political, because of the times [Thatcherism and the Falklands war]. It was taken for granted that the bands you shared a stage with had the same politics. I'm not sure you could say that now." So when David Cameron started saying that he loved the Smiths, Marr's old political edge – and sense of mischief – was suddenly revived, and he issued a now famous tweet: " David Cameron, stop saying that you like the Smiths. I forbid you to like it ." It went viral."I got a lot of support," he grins, of what was primarily a joke. "But I didn't realise Twitter was a forum for so many angry people. I'm amazed how many people who should know better were so reactionary towards me. 'Hey Johnny Marr, I'm no Tory but where do you get off on forbidding people liking your music? I bet you won't give Cameron back the £10 he spent on The Queen Is Dead?' What are you talking about?" Marr may have copped flak, but the incident was an early example of how Cameron – an old Etonian who also professes to adore the Jam's coruscating The Eton Rifles – can be light on detail. "I know. I seriously did not like him dropping our name. He picked the wrong band." Marr was equally taken aback – and thrilled – when at the student protests over the raising of tuition fees, one young woman was photographed standing over riot police in Parliament Square , wearing a Smiths Hatful of Hollow T-shirt, an image that until recently featured on his homepage. "I thought it'd been Photoshopped," he admits. "It took a few minutes to sink in that it was real. But I ended up giving it to everyone then. Clegg; the Queen. I was off!" He chuckles. Marr's amusement turned to surprise when Morrissey joined in the kerfuffle, issuing a statement supporting his ex-bandmate 's tweet about Cameron. It was the first time they had united publicly on anything since the Smiths. However, while Morrissey is something of a dab hand at controversial statements, they didn't discuss it. "We used to, back in the day, for the bedevilment of it." In fact, Marr reveals that while the two former confidantes were meeting up occasionally a few years ago, nowadays they no longer speak at all. "We don't have any reason to, to be honest," he says, with a touch of glumness. When Marr remastered the Smiths' back catalogue two years ago, he emailed Morrissey (along with all his ex-bandmates) saying he could hear the love in the music, but didn't hear back. "It was a nice way to leave it, I think," he considers, tiptoeing carefully around too much discussion of his former partner. "You can only try and be friendly with someone for so long without getting anything back. You just think: 'Ah, fuck it.'" When Marr started Electronic with Bernard Sumner, Morrissey opined: "He's replaced me. I'm not sure what with." Does Marr think he still feels betrayed? "You never know. I don't have any weirdness about it, or any of them." Marr – whose exit precipitated the split – has long found himself being blamed for the Smiths' demise, calling a meeting after finding himself exhausted through writing the songs, (latterly) producing the records and running the unmanaged group's business affairs. Some months before, a sign that not all was well with the guitarist (who in those days coped with the pressures by drinking heavily, unlike the teetotal, running-and-white-tea regime he adopts now) came when he drove his car into a wall and was lucky to escape alive. But it has long intrigued me – when he called that meeting, did he know that he'd come out of it a former Smith? "In all honesty, I don't think I did. We just needed a reset, to do things differently. Two weeks' holiday would have been nice." But Marr has no regrets: he's proud that the Smiths did everything at the top of their game. "I'm glad I didn't spend 35 years in the same band. It's just not me." Any lingering notion of the Smiths as a close-knit gang was finally demolished when drummer Mike Joyce sued the two songwriters over royalties. Marr still sees Andy Rourke, a friend since childhood, and the bassist dropped into the studio during recording of The Messenger. But discussion of the Smiths remains off limits. "If we need to think about what went on in the Smiths then we can torture ourselves by reading those books," he says, referring to the expanding pile of Smiths biographies. There's just one thing that does get Marr's goat – the continual rumours that the Smiths will reform, which he accidentally fuelled himself recently when he joked that he would reunite the band "if the coalition government stood down ". Reading this on mobile. See the video here "Some guy stuck a camera in my face," he explains. "If I don't say something glib, what else is there to say? 'Fuck off!'? It would have saved me a lot of trouble." He suddenly sounds truly weary. "But then that becomes the story."His irritation doesn't last, and he's soon excitedly remembering how watching Bert Jansch work at close quarters convinced him he could be a solo artist, even though he does indeed have a band, who rehearse in Manchester a few nights a week. Just like you know who. Writing songs is very different to how it was with Morrissey – who would add words to a tape of Marr's music and return it, which could often result in a completely different song to how Marr imagined. "That was a fascinating process." But he's now enjoying "a sense of liberation, being able to call the shots" and sing about his own concerns, whether humanity's relationship with technology or, on the sublime, autobiographical New Town Velocity, the day, aged 15, he "left school for poetry" and tore around Manchester celebrating his first taste of freedom.Around a year ago, Marr included a couple of Smiths songs in a live set at two low-key gigs in Manchester, and was surprised how much he enjoyed playing them. While Morrissey recently announced plans to retire , Marr says he never will. But if he seems happy in his own skin it's because of a union that goes back much further than the Smiths. As a little boy, while others had toy cars or teddy bears, Marr had a toy guitar. "Recently, my parents redecorated the house and there were a couple of my really old toy guitars knocking around. So they moved them out, decorated, then put them back, as if they were houseplants." So when he was recently invited to speak at his kids' school, his wife, Angie, told him not to "terrify" them but to talk about what he knew. So Marr talked about being a guitarist. "I said: 'If you want to be happy, find something you're good at and make it your life, whether it's being a train driver, architect, or whatever.'" He smiles as he lugs his trusty axe into a waiting car. "There's a lot to be said for being an expert at something."	Johnny Marr
Louis Smith won an individual silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 London Olympics. For what discipline	Sean O'Hagan on The Smiths \| Music \| The Guardian Share on Messenger Close Twenty-five years ago this month, a bequiffed 18-year-old called Johnny Maher turned up unannounced at the door of 384 King's Road, a nondescript terraced house in Stretford, Manchester. 'It was a sunny day, about one o'clock,' he recalled years later. 'There was no advance phone call or anything. I just knocked and he opened the door.' 'He' was Steven Patrick Morrissey, then a 23-year-old misfit who inhabited the fringes of Manchester's fragmentary postpunk music scene. Morrissey had already tried his hand at being a writer, sending live rock reviews to Record Mirror, penning non-fiction books for a small publisher, Babylon Books, (a homage to James Dean, a tract on his favourite group, the New York Dolls) and even sending unsolicited scripts for episodes of Coronation Street to Granada Television. His fitful attempts at rock stardom had been even less successful, and had all but petered out following a few eccentric appearances as the lead singer for a little-known local group, the Nosebleeds. Back then, Morrissey's effortless oddness was such that Manchester scene-maker and head of Factory Records, Tony Wilson, would later remark: 'Anyone less likely to be a pop star from that scene was unimaginable.' Prior to that fateful day in May 1982, Morrissey and Maher had met only once, their paths crossing fleetingly at a Patti Smith concert at Manchester's Apollo Theatre in 1978, where they had exchanged the briefest of courtesies. Against all the odds, though, the mercurial Morrissey invited the nervous Maher up to his bedroom, where a pair of cardboard cutouts - one of James Dean, the other of Elvis Presley - stood sentinel like twin arbiters of their owner's pop dreams. There, the two music-obsessed strangers talked for hours about their shared influences, among them the New York Dolls, Patti Smith and Sixties girl groups. 'It was pretty phenomenal that we were so in sync because the influences that we had individually were so obscure,' Maher said later, long after he had changed his surname to Marr. 'It was like lightning fucking bolts to the two of us. This wasn't stuff we liked, this was stuff we lived for really.' A few days later, Morrissey made the return journey to Marr's rented room in Bowdon, where, over a melody lifted from Patti Smith's 'Kimberly', they mapped out the contours of a song called 'The Hand that Rocks the Cradle', a complex lyric about childhood innocence and terror that would soon be set to a chiming, circular guitar line. Though they had yet to name themselves, and yet to find a rhythm section, 'The Hand that Rocks the Cradle' was the first real Smiths song, the inspired starting point of a creative partnership that would last a mere five years and yet alter the arc of British pop music in a way that could hardly have been foreseen by even the most blinkered champion of skinny white-boy indie guitar rock. Between 1982 and 1987, the Smiths, now comprising Morrissey, Marr, Andy Rourke (bass) and Mike Joyce (drums), released a brace of brilliant singles, at least two classic rock albums, provoked several outbursts of outrage from Britain's self-appointed moral guardians and stirred scenes of fan hysteria on a scale not seen since the heyday of glam rock a decade previously. Perhaps more importantly, though, the Smiths almost single-handedly reclaimed and revitalised the ailing tradition of the guitar-driven, four-piece rock group. To put the extent of their achievement into context, you need only remember that they arrived at a time in the early-to-mid Eighties when punk's rupture had long been papered over, when the new synthesised pop of Boy George and Wham! ruled the charts, and, more importantly, when sample-based dance music first began crossing into the mainstream and rock music seemed to be fighting a desperate rearguard action. In the office of the NME, where I worked in the mid-Eighties, the split between the dyed-in-the-wool traditionalists of the indie brigade and the unruly iconoclasts of the dance faction threatened to tear the paper apart. Back then, every editorial meeting was a battle ground, every choice of cover star a victory or a defeat. I remember assistant editor Danny Kelly, now a sports presenter, storming out of a meeting, incensed that the Fall had been overlooked in favour of the original ganster rapper Schooly D. Another meeting ended moments from an actual fist fight. I was on the side of the modernisers, fired up by the sheer energy and iconoclasm of hip hop, the sonic dissonance and radical politics of Public Enemy, the lyrical brilliance of Rakim, the inspired cut-and-paste techniques of every great rap single released on Def Jam and Sleeping Bag and all the myriad local labels that sprang up to disseminate this new music. Ironically, the flowering of hip hop reminded me of the eruption of punk: the same energy, the same DIY application, the same sense of possibility that anyone with imagination could cut a single. The parallels were lost on the indie brigade, though, and on the core readership of the NME, who were, and remain, essentially conservative: in thrall to the familiar - young men with guitars and adolescent neuroses. For the indie boys, the Smiths arrived at the very last minute and saved the day. No other group carried such a weight of expectation - and tradition - as the Smiths. Had they not risen to the occasion, it is not overstating the case to say that the entire trajectory of recent British rock music as we now know it - that's the line from the Smiths to the Stone Roses to Oasis and on to the Libertines and today's indie darlings, Arctic Monkeys - would not have been traced. It took me several years, and a long detox from the music press, to approach the Smiths with any degree of open-mindedness, having finally and reluctantly bowed to their brilliance with the release of the towering 'How Soon is Now', a song, interestingly, that sounds least like a typical Smiths song. I realised that Morrissey's singing voice, which improved enormously between the first and second albums, was an instrument that could be negotiated after all. Then there were the songs! 'If you look at the Smiths' greatest songs over that short five-year period, it's such an intense outburst of creativity that it sweeps all before it,' says the music writer and pop cultural historian, Jon Savage. 'Johnny had this incredibly instinctive melodic gift for a lead guitarist, and a style that was almost a signature from the moment you heard it. Morrissey was doing extraordinary things with lyric and metre, using words that didn't seem to scan on the line in any regular way, using implied rhymes, and often dealing with subject matter that didn't seem to belong in the pop tradition.' Savage cites the Smiths' 1985 single, 'Shakespeare's Sister' as a case in point. 'I listened to it recently,' he continues, 'and was struck again by what a very odd song it is. It's essentially a suicide drama set to a demented rock'n'roll rhythm. I mean, how did that become a hit? It's not your regular pop song, is it?' Though not blessed with great production, 'Shakespeare's Sister' is nevertheless emblematic of the Smiths' otherness, their singular ability to juxtapose the musically familiar and the lyrically surreal to create something unique. Musically the song evokes an older, more raw rock era, with echoes of both Bo Diddley and the early Rolling Stones in its galloping rhythm. Lyrically, though, it draws on an incredible variety of sources, none of which would have impinged on the consciousness of a less erudite, or indeed eccentric, songwriter. The title comes from Virginia Woolf's essay, A Room of One's Own, one of the many feminist texts Morrissey embraced as a sexually confused, politically awakened adolescent. As Simon Goddard points out in his concise and consistently illuminating track-by-track study, The Smiths: Songs that Saved Your Life, 'Shakespeare's Sister' also pays lyrical homage to Elizabeth Smart's autobiographical novella of obsessive love, By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept. There are nods, too, to an obscure and melodramatic song about teen suicide called 'Don't Jump', recorded as a B-side by the British pop idol Billy Fury back in the early Sixties. The merging of highbrow and lowbrow influences soon became a Morrissey signature of sorts. 'Reel Around the Fountain', for instance, references Molly Haskell's feminist-fuelled book of film criticism, From Reverence to Rape, while the quintessential Morrissey line, 'I dreamt about you last night and I fell out of bed twice', turns out to be lifted, word for word, from Shelagh Delaney's great kitchen sink drama, A Taste of Honey, perhaps the single most quoted source in the Smiths' canon. ('Hand in Glove', 'This Charming Man' and 'This Night Has Opened My Eyes', all borrow from Salford-born Delaney's seminal drama of northern working-class life.) Little wonder, then, that the Smiths were manna from heaven for bedroom adolescents, for whom Morrissey was nothing less than a mirror - and a vindication - of their thwarted dreams and desires. His hybrid aesthetic - part high camp, part English eccentric, part pop-cultural pick and mix, part Mancunian drollery - extended to the Smiths' record sleeves as well. He alone choose the portraits that adorned the covers, canonising his personal icons for a generation of fans, many of whom discovered a whole world of literature, film and songs made in the postwar, pre-Beatles era that Morrisey seemed most fixated on. Those icons included actors, Alain Delon, Jean Marais, Rita Tushingham and Terence Stamp who, despite Morrissey once defining his idea of happiness as 'being Terence Stamp', famously demanded the withdrawal of his image from the sleeve of 'What Difference Does it Make?' More revealing still, for a confessed celibate, was Morrissey's choice of gay icons such as Joe Dallesandro and Candy Darling, both from the Warhol 'family', the latter immortalised by Lou Reed on 'Walk on the Wild Side'. More irreverently, but just as knowingly, he selected various lesser-known English 'faces', including the ill-starred Sixties pools winner and author of Spend, Spend, Spend, Viv Nicholson, as well as two stalwarts of British television drama, Yootha Joyce (from Man About the House) and Pat Phoenix (Elsie Tanner in Coronation Street). For all the passing nods to Warhol, and despite Morrissey's undiminished love for the New York Dolls, the Smiths were a quintessentially English proposition, often unapologetically parochial in their obsessions. 'Manchester, so much to answer for,' sang Morrissey on 'Suffer Little Children', but Manchester made the Smiths, and they invoked it time and time again in song. With Marr as his musical director, Morrisey elevated a certain kind of poetic provincialism - the provincialism of Philip Larkin or Alan Bennett - to a pop art form. In doing so, as the writer Will Self, a longtime Smiths fan, points out: 'Morrissey freed himself to be a national artist in a way that a London pop star could never be.' Morrissey's wilfully maudlin lyricism and his definably northern singing voice, alongside his fondness for a certain kind of camp, self-deflating couplet - 'And, as I climb into an empty bed/ Oh well, enough said' - also spoke of a tradition that predated the pop lineage they were obviously a part of, a lineage that stretched back from the more melodic side of the Jam to early Bowie, and beyond that to the Beatles and the Kinks. 'There's a proscenium arch around the Smiths,' elabaorates Self, 'a music hall element that comes mainly from Morrissey's songs and attitude. You could imagine them in another not too distant time being introduced on The Good Old Days by a man in a dickie bow with a mallet. That's the tap root of many Smiths songs rather than, say, the great folk or blues tradition that a similar-sounding American rock group would be duty bound to draw on.' The Smiths had a dark side, though, and that too was somehow quintessentially English. 'Morrissey sings of England, and something black, absurd and hateful at its heart,' mused Tony Parsons much later, referring specifically to the singer's more provocative, some would say nationalistic, solo songs. Listening again to the Smiths' first album, though, I am intrigued and appalled all over again by the subject matter of the chilling final track, 'Suffer Little Children'. This is Morrissey's ode to the child victims of the Moors Murderers, which Simon Goddard rightly describes as 'dreadful yet captivating'. It is hard to know what to make of the song save for the underlying sense that Morrissey is working something out for himself, and for his hometown, Manchester, in singing it. Whether or not you think it is suitable subject matter for a pop song at all depends on how seriously you take Morrissey as a songwriter, as an artist. Savage argues in his favour. 'It's an incredibly sensitive subject and one that I almost feel he was compelled to confront. I mean, it was such a stain on the city, it was as if the Sixties ended right then and there in Manchester. Morrissey grew up in the shadow cast by Brady and Hindley, and there's perhaps an unhealthy morbid fascination there, but there's also the sense of an artist wanting to get to grips with the dark side of his city. Whatever the impulse was, it was not shallow nor merely provocative.' The writer Michael Bracewell, in his book England is Mine, homes in on Morrissey's fascination with the underbelly of a reimagined England familiar from the novels of Graham Greene, a not too distant, but fast-fading, urban Albion populated by underworld spivs, rent boys and juvenile delinquents, a land of 'jumped-up pantry boys' and tutu-wearing vicars. Morrissey, like Greene, is drawn again and again to the seedy and the sordid, the louche and the low-rent, seems spellbound by the sight of 'loafing oafs in all-night chemists'. Writing in 1936, Greene observed that 'seediness has a very deep appeal: it seems to satisfy, temporarily, the sense of nostalgia for something lost'. For better or worse, no other songwriter has captured that sense of a lost England, Arcadian yet besmirched, quite like Morrrisey. Now, ironically, the Smiths also represent something lost in British pop culture, their premature and messy break-up - the result of Morrissey's self-defeating control freakery as much as anything - has left a hole in the pop landscape that has not been filled by the altogether more obvious noise of the Britpop brigade or the rock-by-rote thrust of the current wave of traditional British guitar bands. You could even argue that, for all their skill and fire, their otherness and eccentricity, the Smiths did turn the pop clock back, ushered in the formal conservatism that was to follow. 'Who would have thought,' as Will Self puts it, 'that over 20 years after the Smiths' demise we would be listening to so much music that, in the main, is simply an atrophied form of the Smith's rock classicism?' In fairness the Smiths cannot be blamed for the sins of their imitators. But, what, exactly, is their legacy? The songs, of course, and the craft that carries them. The merging of lyric and melody that seems to have come about so effortlessly time and time again. The sense of possibility that their best songs contain, the possibility that a 'simple' pop song could be as potent and as intimate, as literate and as allusive, as any other kind of great writing. You can hear that same sense of possibility in the lyrics of Alex Turner of Arctic Monkeys, another writer who deals in the poetry of the parochial, who paints from a quintessentially English - indeed definably northern - palette. You can hear traces, too, in the half-arsed songs that the Libertines left behind, though it is more a striving after something Smithsonian than a finished elucidation of it. Luke Pritchard, of Brighton band the Kooks, hears echoes of the band everywhere: 'Now that their music has had 20 years to marinate, their influence is more obvious than ever. Everyone from the Kaiser Chiefs to the Killers owes them a huge debt'. 'Morrissey was speaking directly to me,' Brandon Lee, the Killers' lead singer, said recently of the first time he heard the Smiths' 'Panic' on the radio in the early Nineties. That same epiphany he describes occurred across Britain and beyond in the early Eighties, when Morrissey became the bedroom bard to beat them all, the quintessential lonely adolescent turned pop star. In the greatest Smiths songs, you can hear how the great Mancunian misfit, the self-dramatised 'boy with the thorn in his side', fixated on James Dean and the New York Dolls, turned all his acutely perceived limitations into the most potent delineation of outsiderdom and perversity yet articulated by a British pop singer. Now Morrissey resides on the west coast of America; a more unlikely home for 'a jumped-up pantry boy' it would be hard to imagine. Exiled in Los Angeles, his wilfully adolescent self-absortion has become a tired trope throughout an erratic solo career: narcissim in the young is forgiveable; in the old it is simply ugly. Johnny Marr , too, has been only fitfully successful on his own, though his current collaboration with Modest Mouse took him into the American charts - a success that must surely have caused his former partner some chagrin. You cannot help feeling, however, that, in the manner of Lennon and McCartney, or Strummer and Jones, each needed the other to shine most brightly. Now the moment is long past, the legacy assured, and this Johnny-come-lately fan can certainly live happily without a Smiths reunion. You wonder, though, whether, self-exiled in his mansion in California, the least likely pop star imaginable ever counts his blessings that a shy teenager called Johnny Maher plucked up the courage to knock on the door of his terraced house in Stretford 25 years ago. He really should. And so, heaven knows, should we. Charming men: star appreciations Bono: '"Girlfriend in a Coma" - when I heard it I nearly crashed my car and ended up in a coma. He has that gift. That is not the work of a miserable man.' Chrissie Hynde: 'The amount of times people have said it was "Meat is Murder" that converted them is astonishing.' Noel Gallagher: 'Whatever you put down in a lyric to define your love or hate, [Morrissey]'ll do it one better.' JK Rowling: 'I think the Smiths were the only group whose falling apart really affected me personally. Very sad.' Billy Bragg: 'He sang all those old Smiths songs and made me feel 17 again. It was pretty amazing as I was 26 at the time.' Observer critic Miranda Sawyer: 'If you notice, it's really all blokes. Men are in love with him... not women.' Gordon Agar	i don't know

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