Class Number
stringlengths 4
15
| Name
stringlengths 4
124
| Description
stringlengths 23
1.14k
| Offered
bool 2
classes | Term
stringclasses 97
values | Level
stringclasses 2
values | Units
stringclasses 194
values | Prerequisites
stringlengths 4
127
⌀ | Equivalents
stringlengths 7
63
⌀ | Lab
bool 2
classes | Partial Lab
bool 2
classes | REST
bool 2
classes | GIR
stringclasses 7
values | HASS
stringclasses 5
values | CI / CI-HW
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12.117A
|
Field Geobiology I
|
Examines basic biological processes that operate in sediments. Lectures cover biological, physical and chemical processes that influence the formation and stabilization of sediments, including biomineralization, weathering, erosion, the formation of sedimentary structures and interactions with sediments, flow, and the cycles of nutrients. Lab covers analytical methods used to examine microbial processes, bioinformatic methods used to analyze microbial communities, and techniques used to analyze sediment grain sizes and chemistry. Readings and discussions provide preparation for the 12.117B field trip to a modern sedimentary environment. Enables students to interpret processes in modern sedimentary environments, reconstruct similar processes in the rock record, collect appropriate samples in the field, and analyze microbiological data. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
2-1-3
|
None. Coreq: 12.001 or 12.007
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.117B
|
Field Geobiology II
|
Teaches fundamentals of field observations and reasoning in geobiology/sedimentology during a required trip to a modern sedimentary environment over spring break, followed by laboratory analyses of collected samples. Students make observations, develop hypotheses, collect samples required to test their hypotheses and interact with lecturers and students investigating the sedimentology of the site. Upon return to MIT, students work on field samples to characterize the sediments, use the preliminary data to develop an understanding of the field site, and write research reports. Students taking graduate version write proposals that present a research question based on the field observations and subsequent analyses. Meets with 12.110B and 12.465B when those subjects examine modern sedimentary environments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
2-2-5
|
12.117A
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.119
|
Harnessing Power from Environmental Microbes and Chemical Gradients
|
Provides practical instruction on how to make living batteries. Lectures cover the basics of marine and freshwater chemistry and biogeochemistry (pH, redox potential, organic loading, free energy for growth, chemical profiles, sampling and measurement methods). Students explore sediment biogeochemistry by analyzing mineral types and grain sizes, setting up microbial enrichment cultures, and sampling and characterizing microbes and environmental chemistry by microscopy, chemical assays of pore fluids, and bioinformatics tools. Subsequent lab activities teach students to develop and use electrochemical tools to build microbial batteries that can power light sources and instruments. Discussion and reading cover real-world applications of microbial fuel cells.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
2-2-5
|
Biology (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), or 12.007
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.12
|
Nature's Sandbox: The History of Ancient Environments, Climate, and Life
|
Series of field adventures to survey Earth's history and landscape through a combination of online and in-person instruction, with virtual field trips to Svalbard, Norway, the Death Valley area and Northern Minnesota. In these key sites, students explore the interactions between Earth's surface environments and life, and critical transitions in each. Includes weekly in-class paper discussions and experiential exercises. Three optional one-day field trips provide opportunity to explore the amazing sedimentary record preserved close to MIT. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students.
| false |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
1-1-1 [P/D/F]
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.141
|
Electron Microprobe Analysis
|
Introduction to the theory of x-ray microanalysis through the electron microprobe including ZAF matrix corrections. Techniques to be discussed are wavelength and energy dispersive spectrometry, scanning backscattered electron, secondary electron, cathodoluminescence, and x-ray imaging. Lab sessions involve use of the electron microprobe.
| true |
IAP
|
Undergraduate
|
1-1-4 [P/D/F]
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.163
|
Geomorphology
|
Quantitative examination of processes that shape Earth's surface. Introduction to fluvial, hillslope, and glacial mechanics. Essentials of weathering, soil formation, runoff, erosion, slope stability, sediment transport, and river morphology. Landscape evolution in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. Application of terrestrial theory to planetary surfaces. Additional instruction in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing analysis, field measurement techniques, and numerical modeling of surface processes. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-3-6
|
(Calculus I (GIR), Physics I (GIR), and 12.001) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.170
|
Essentials of Geology
|
Studies the geology of planetary interiors and surfaces, including plate tectonics, as a unifying theory of terrestrial geology, surface processes, and the Earth's interior. Covers igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes associated with tectonic settings and the typical rock suites created; mineral and rock identification; and causes of compositional differences on many scales (mineral grains, rocks, regions of the Earth, different planets). Also addresses conditions required for melting and melting processes; rock structure and field techniques; and Earth history. Treatment of these topics includes discussions of the geochemical, petrologic, geochronological, experimental, or field techniques used to investigate them; the limitations of current geological techniques and geological controversies; and major geological expeditions, experiments, and studies from the past, along with their premises and results. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
4-0-8
|
(Calculus II (GIR) and Physics II (GIR)) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.177
|
Astrobiology, Origins and Early Evolution of Life
|
Provides an understanding of major areas of research into the problem of the origin of life on the early Earth from an astrobiological perspective. Topics include the timing, setting and conditions for the origin of life on the Hadean Earth; roles of planetary and extra-planetary processes; defining life; prebiotic chemistry; origins of nucleic acids and peptides; evolution of cellularity, replication, metabolism, and translation; establishment of the genetic code; biogenesis vs. ecogenesis; the nature of the last common ancestor of life; conceptualizing the "tree of life;" and the early evolution of the ancestors of bacteria, archaeal, and eukaryal lineages. Students taking graduate version complete an extra project.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Biology (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.178
|
The Phylogenomic Planetary Record
|
Introduces the tools of sequence-based phylogenetic analysis and molecular evolution in the context of studying events in Earth's deep past that have been preserved by genomes. Topics include basic concepts of cladistics, phylogeny and sequence evolution, construction of phylogenetic trees of genes and microbial lineages, molecular clocks, dating, and ancestral sequence reconstruction. Special attention to the evolutionary history of microbial metabolisms and their relationship to global biogeochemical cycles across Earth's history. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| false |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.201
|
Essentials of Global Geophysics
|
Overview of basic topics in solid-earth geophysics, such as the Earth's rotation, gravity and magnetic field, seismology, and thermal structure. Formulation of physical principles presented in three one-hour lectures per week. Current applications discussed in an additional one-hour tutorial each week. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
4-0-8
|
Physics II (GIR) and 18.03
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.202
|
Flow, Deformation, and Fracture in Earth and Other Terrestrial Bodies
|
Covers fundamentals of deformation and fracture of solids and the flow of viscous fluids. Explores spatial scales from molecular to planetary, and time scales from fractions of a second to millions of years, to understand how and why natural materials on Earth and other terrestrial bodies respond to applied forces. Fundamental concepts include the principles of continuum mechanics, tensor representation of physical properties, forces, tractions, stresses, strain theory, elasticity, contact problems, fracture and friction, and viscous flow and rheological models (plasticity, viscosity, viscoelasticity, elasto-plasticity). Students gather, analyze and interpret data using existing theoretical models. Includes a significant laboratory component that provides practical experience with experimental measurements and tests students' acquired theoretical knowledge. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-2-7
|
Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.203
|
Mechanics of Earth
|
Covers topics in the deformation and fracture of solids and the flow of viscous fluids. Explores spatial scales from molecular to planetary, and time scales from fractions of a second to millions of years, to understand how and why natural materials on Earth and other terrestrial bodies respond to applied forces. Introduces anelasticity, granular mechanics, poroelasticity, rate-and-state friction, transport properties of Earth materials (Darcy's law, Fick's law), brittle-ductile transitions, creep of polycrystalline materials, stored energy and dissipation, and convection. Prepares students to gather, analyze and interpret data using existing theoretical models. Through a significant laboratory component, students obtain practical experience with experimental measurements and test their acquired theoretical knowledge. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-2-7
|
Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.207[J]
|
Nonlinear Dynamics: Continuum Systems
|
General mathematical principles of continuum systems. From microscopic to macroscopic descriptions in the form of linear or nonlinear (partial) differential equations. Exact solutions, dimensional analysis, calculus of variations and singular perturbation methods. Stability, waves and pattern formation in continuum systems. Subject matter illustrated using natural fluid and solid systems found, for example, in geophysics and biology.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)
|
1.062[J], 18.354[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.210
|
Introduction to Seismology (New)
|
A basic study in seismology and the utilization of seismic waves for the study of Earth's interior. Introduces techniques necessary for understanding of elastic wave propagation in stratified media and for calculation of synthetic seismograms (WKBJ and mode summation). Ray theory; interpretation of travel times. (e.g., tomography); surface wave dispersion in layered media; Earth's free oscillations; and seismicity, (earthquake locations, magnitude, moment, and source properties). Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-1-8
|
18.075 or 18.085
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.211
|
Field Geophysics
|
Covers practical methods of modern geophysics, including the global positioning system (GPS), gravity, and magnetics. Field work is conducted in western US and includes intensive 10-day field exercise. Focuses on measurement techniques and their interpretation. Introduces the science of gravity, magnetics, and the GPS. Measures crustal structure, fault motions, tectonic deformations, and the local gravity and magnetic fields. Students perform high-precision measurements and participate in data analysis. Emphasizes principles of geophysical data collection and the relevance of these data for tectonic faulting, crustal structure, and the dynamics of the earthquake cycle. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
IAP
|
Undergraduate
|
1-4-1
|
12.214 or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.212
|
Field Geophysics Analysis (New)
|
Focuses on in-depth data analysis and development of skills needed to report results both in writing and orally. Students use data collected in 12.211 to develop written and oral reports of the results, with each student focusing on a different area such as developing the geophysical modeling or synthesis of the results into other studies in the area. The final written and oral reports are combined into a comprehensive report and presentation of the field camp and its results. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
2-0-4
|
12.211
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.213
|
Alternate Energy Sources
|
Explores a number of alternative energy sources such as geothermal energy (heat from the Earth's interior), wind, natural gas, and solar energy. Includes a field trip to visit sites where alternative energy is being harvested or generated. Content and focus of subject varies from year to year.
| true |
IAP
|
Undergraduate
|
1-4-1 [P/D/F]
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.214
|
Essentials of Field Geophysics
|
Introduces students to the practical field application of various geophysical methods to studying Earth's near-surface and prepares students to undertake fieldwork that uses these methods. Methods covered include but are not limited to measuring seismic waves, gravity, precise positions (commonly referred to as GPS but formally known as GNSS), and topography using drones. Lab time involves local fieldwork to gain experience with the methods being taught. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-3-6
|
Physics II (GIR), 6.100A, and 18.03
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.225
|
Mechanisms of Faulting and Earthquakes (New)
|
Explores the fundamental mechanics of faulting and earthquakes from four related perspectives: seismology, geodesy, geodynamics, and rheology. Topics to be covered include: the physical processes that control the rheology of faults, including friction and fracture; how these rheological processes are manifest in faulting and earthquakes in the earth from a geodynamics perspective; and how the mechanics of faulting and earthquakes are constrained by seismological and geodetic observations. Features both continental and oceanic examples of faulting and earthquakes. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
12.002 and (12.010, 12.012, 18.C25, (6.100A and 6.100B), or permission of instructor)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.300[J]
|
Global Change Science
|
Introduces the basic principles and concepts in atmospheric physics, and climate dynamics, through an examination of: greenhouse gases emissions (mainly CO2), global warming, and regional climate change. Case studies are presented for the regional impacts of climate change on extreme weather, water availability, and disease transmission. Introduction to regional and global environmental problems for students in basic sciences and engineering. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
18.03
|
1.071[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.301
|
Climate Science
|
Introduction to climate studies, including beginnings of the solar system, time scales, and climate in human history; methods for detecting climate change, including proxies, ice cores, instrumental records, and time series analysis; physical and chemical processes in climate, including primordial atmosphere, ozone chemistry, carbon and oxygen cycles, and heat and water budgets; internal feedback mechanisms, including ice, aerosols, water vapor, clouds, and ocean circulation; climate forcing, including orbital variations, volcanism, plate tectonics, and solar variability; climate models and mechanisms of variability, including energy balance, coupled models, and global ocean and atmosphere models; and outstanding problems. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Chemistry (GIR), 18.03, or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.306
|
Atmospheric Chemistry Models & Climate
|
Introduction to the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere including experience with computer codes. Aerosols and theories of their formation, evolution, and removal. Gas and aerosol transport from urban to continental scales. Coupled models of radiation, transport, and chemistry. Solution of inverse problems to deduce emissions and removal rates. Emissions control technology and costs. Applications to air pollution and climate. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
(18.075 and (5.60 or 5.61)) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.307
|
Weather and Climate Laboratory
|
Engages students in projects involving rotating tank laboratory experiments, analysis of data on the sphere, and report writing and presentation. Project themes explore fundamentals of climate science and make contact points with major contemporary environmental challenges facing mankind. Examples include heat and moisture transport in the atmosphere; weather and weather extremes; aerosols, dust, and atmospheric pollution; ocean circulation and transport and plastics in the ocean. Develops skills for how to deal with noisy, imperfect data. Provides instruction and practice in written and oral communication.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
1-4-7
|
Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | true | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.310
|
An Introduction to Weather Forecasting
|
Basic principles of synoptic meteorology and weather forecasting. Analysis of hourly weather data and numerical weather prediction models. Regular preparation of weather forecasts.
| true |
IAP
|
Undergraduate
|
1-1-4 [P/D/F]
|
Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.314[J]
|
Ocean Chemistry Change Laboratory (New)
|
Introduces marine chemistry and explores how human activity is aggressively modifying Earth's climate system. Familiarizes students with instrumentation, techniques, and concepts utilized to investigate the ocean. Through lab work, students apply general chemistry principles to marine systems and develop new understanding of specific research problems within ocean chemistry and biogeochemistry. Satisfies 3 units of Institute Laboratory credit.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
1-3-2
|
Chemistry (GIR)
|
5.009[J]
| false | true | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.315
|
Atmospheric Radiation and Convection
|
Introduction to the physics of atmospheric radiation, remote sensing, and convection, including use of computer codes. Radiative transfer equation including emission and scattering, spectroscopy, Mie theory, and numerical solutions. Physics of dry and moist convection, including moist thermodynamics. Radiative-convective equilibrium. Solution of inverse problems in remote sensing of atmospheric temperature and composition. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
12.390 or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.318
|
Introduction to Atmospheric Data and Large-scale Dynamics
|
Provides a general introduction to meteorological data and analysis techniques, and their use in the MIT Synoptic Laboratory to study the phenomenology and dynamics of large-scale atmospheric flow. Illustrates balance concepts as applied to the dynamics of frontal and synoptic scales, using real-time upper-air and surface station data and gridded analyzed fields. Uses advanced meteorological software packages to access, manipulate, and graphically display the data. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-3-6
|
None. Coreq: 12.390
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.320A[J]
|
Introduction to Hydrology and Water Resources
|
Water in the environment; Water resource systems; The hydrologic cycle at its role in the climate system; Surface water and energy balance; evaporation and transpiration through vegetation; Precipitation formation, infiltration, storm runoff, and flood processes; Groundwater aquifers, subsurface flow and the hydraulics of wells.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
2-0-4
|
1.060A; Coreq: 1.061A and 1.106
|
1.070A[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.320B[J]
|
Introduction to Hydrology Modeling
|
Develops understanding of numerical modeling of aquifers, groundwater flow and contaminant transport, as well as uncertainty and risk analysis for water resources.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
2-0-4
|
1.070A
|
1.070B[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.330[J]
|
Fluid Physics
|
A physics-based introduction to the properties of fluids and fluid systems, with examples drawn from a broad range of sciences, including atmospheric physics and astrophysics. Definitions of fluids and the notion of continuum. Equations of state and continuity, hydrostatics and conservation of momentum; ideal fluids and Euler's equation; viscosity and the Navier-Stokes equation. Energy considerations, fluid thermodynamics, and isentropic flow. Compressible versus incompressible and rotational versus irrotational flow; Bernoulli's theorem; steady flow, streamlines and potential flow. Circulation and vorticity. Kelvin's theorem. Boundary layers. Fluid waves and instabilities. Quantum fluids.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
5.60, 8.044, or permission of instructor
|
1.066[J], 8.292[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.335
|
Experimental Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Introduces the atmospheric chemistry involved in climate change, air pollution, and ozone depletion using a combination of interactive laboratory and field studies and simple computer models. Uses instruments for trace gas and aerosol measurements and methods for inferring fundamental information from these measurements. Provides instruction and practice in written and oral communication. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
2-4-6
|
Chemistry (GIR)
| null | true | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.336[J]
|
Air Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Provides a working knowledge of basic air quality issues, with emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to investigating the sources and effects of pollution. Topics include emission sources; atmospheric chemistry and removal processes; meteorological phenomena and their impact on pollution transport at local to global scales; air pollution control technologies; health effects; and regulatory standards. Discusses regional and global issues, such as acid rain, ozone depletion and air quality connections to climate change. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Recommended for upper-level undergraduate students.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
18.03
|
1.085[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.338
|
Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics and Chemistry
|
Focuses on understanding how aerosol particles form droplets or ice crystals during several atmospheric processes: determining Earth's radiative balance; heterogeneous chemistry and acid rain; understanding where, when and how much precipitation occurs. Provides tools for understanding the physics of aerosol and cloud element motion; the interaction of particles with water vapor, including phase changes and droplet and ice nucleation; the chemical composition of particles and the effect on cloud formation processes; and the effect of cloud processing on aerosol chemistry. Discusses relevant topics of contemporary interest, e.g., geoengineering and weather modification and volcanic effects. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
1.085, 12.335, or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.346[J]
|
Global Environmental Negotiations
|
Practical introduction to global environmental negotiations designed for science and engineering students. Covers basic issues in international negotiations, such as North-South conflict, implementation and compliance, trade, and historical perspective on global environmental treaties. Offers hands-on practice in developing and interpreting international agreements through role-play simulations and observation of ongoing climate change negotiating processes. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
2-0-4
|
Permission of instructor
|
IDS.062[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.348[J]
|
Global Climate Change: Economics, Science, and Policy
|
Introduces scientific, economic, and ecological issues underlying the threat of global climate change, and the institutions engaged in negotiating an international response. Develops an integrated approach to analysis of climate change processes, and assessment of proposed policy measures, drawing on research and model development within the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. Graduate students are expected to explore the topic in greater depth through reading and individual research..
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-6
|
(Calculus II (GIR), 5.60, and 14.01) or permission of instructor
|
15.026[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.349
|
Mechanisms and Models of the Global Carbon Cycle
|
Addresses changes in the ocean, terrestrial biosphere and rocks modulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide on timescales from months to millions of years. Includes feedbacks between carbon cycle and climate. Combines hands-on data analysis with the formulation of simple models rooted in basic physical, chemical and biological principles. Students create individual "toy" global carbon cycle models. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.372
|
Elements of Modern Oceanography
|
Examines a series of crosscutting topics that exemplify current directions in interdisciplinary oceanography. Focuses on current themes in oceanography, their interdisciplinary nature, and the role of ocean sciences in society. Introduces core concepts across the disciplines of biological, physical, and chemical oceanography as well as marine geology. Emphasizes the interdisciplinary aspects of these core concepts, the kinds of approaches and modes of thinking common to all of the disciplines, and the technological developments underpinning current advances. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.373
|
Field Oceanography
|
Provides an introduction to the biogeochemistry of the ocean, and the field techniques and methods used in its study. Emphasizes biogeochemistry and the interrelated nature of elemental cycling, but also examines physical transport and air-sea gas exchange. Covers multiple aspects related to field instrumentation and measurements, including nutrients, oxygen, the carbon system, temperature, salinity, and microbial analyses. Students analyze and synthesize experimental data collected during the term. Includes an optional week-long field trip aboard a research vessel in the field at a time to be determined; opportunities for funded travel available. Students work in groups to propose projects over the research expedition that utilize the field time to collect samples. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment limited.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-7-5
|
Biology (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and permission of instructor
| null | true | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.377
|
The History of Earth's Climate
|
Studies the climate history of the Earth, from the formation of the early atmosphere and ocean to the present. Evaluates geochemical, sedimentological, and paleontological evidence for changes in ocean circulation, global temperatures, and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Covers theories and models of Phanerozoic climate change. Provides a long-term history of the global carbon cycle. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.384[J]
|
Living Dangerously: Environmental Problems from 1900 to Today
|
Historical overview of the interactions between people and their environments in the past 100 years. Focuses on the accelerating human impact on Earth, starting in the late 19th century and continuing to the present day. Covers case studies showing how people have become aware of their impacts on the environment, and, in turn, the environment's impacts upon human society and what humans have done to mitigate damages. Topics include: food safety and security, industrial agriculture, pesticides, nuclear energy and warfare, lead, smog, ozone depletion, and climate change. Limited to 18.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
| null |
STS.055[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
Humanities
|
CI-H
|
12.385
|
Science, Politics, and Environmental Policy
|
Examines the role of science in US and international environmental policymaking. Surveys the methods by which scientists learn about the natural world; the treatment of science by experts, advocates, the media, and the public and the way science is used in legislative, administrative and judicial decision making. Through lectures, group discussions, and written essays, students develop a critical understanding of the role of science in environmental policy. Potential case studies include fisheries management, ozone depletion, global warming, smog, and endangered species. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments. Limited to 22.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.386[J]
|
Environment and History
|
Focusing on the period from 1500 to the present, explores the influence of climate, topography, plants, animals, and microorganisms on human history and the reciprocal influence of people on the environment. Topics include the European encounter with the Americas, the impact of modern technology, and the current environmental crisis. Enrollment limited.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
| null |
21H.185[J], STS.031[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
Social Sciences
|
CI-H
|
12.387[J]
|
People and the Planet: Environmental Governance and Science
|
Introduces governance and science aspects of complex environmental problems and approaches to solutions. Introduces quantitative analyses and methodological tools to analyze environmental issues that have human and natural components. Demonstrates concepts through a series of in-depth case studies of environmental governance and science problems. Students develop writing, quantitative modeling, and analytical skills in assessing environmental systems problems and developing solutions. Through experiential activities, such as modeling and policy exercises, students engage with the challenges and possibilities of governance in complex, interacting systems, including biogeophysical processes and societal and stakeholder interactions.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-6
| null |
15.874[J], IDS.063[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.390
|
Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean
|
Introduction to fluid dynamics. Students acquire an understanding of some of the basic concepts of fluid dynamics that are needed as a foundation for advanced coursework in atmospheric science, physical oceanography, ocean engineering, climate science, etc. Emphasizes fluid fundamentals, with an atmosphere/ocean twist. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
12.003
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.391
|
Current Topics in Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
|
Laboratory or field work in earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. Consult with department Education Office.
| true |
IAP
|
Graduate
|
rranged [P/D/F]
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.396[J]
|
Leadership and Professional Strategies & Skills Training (LEAPS), Part I: Advancing Your Professional Strategies and Skills
|
Part I (of two parts) of the LEAPS graduate career development and training series. Topics include: navigating and charting an academic career with confidence; convincing an audience with clear writing and arguments; mastering public speaking and communications; networking at conferences and building a brand; identifying transferable skills; preparing for a successful job application package and job interviews; understanding group dynamics and different leadership styles; leading a group or team with purpose and confidence. Postdocs encouraged to attend as non-registered participants. Limited to 80.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-0-1 [P/D/F]
| null |
5.961[J], 8.396[J], 9.980[J], 18.896[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.397[J]
|
Leadership and Professional Strategies & Skills Training (LEAPS), Part II: Developing Your Leadership Competencies
|
Part II (of two parts) of the LEAPS graduate career development and training series. Topics covered include gaining self awareness and awareness of others, and communicating with different personality types; learning about team building practices; strategies for recognizing and resolving conflict and bias; advocating for diversity and inclusion; becoming organizationally savvy; having the courage to be an ethical leader; coaching, mentoring, and developing others; championing, accepting, and implementing change. Postdocs encouraged to attend as non-registered participants. Limited to 80.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-0-1 [P/D/F]
| null |
5.962[J], 8.397[J], 9.981[J], 18.897[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.400
|
Our Space Odyssey
|
Traces historical and scientific advancement of our understanding of Earth's cosmic context. Introduces basic physical principles by which planets form and create their associated features of rings, satellites, diverse landscapes, atmospheres, and climates. Includes the physics of asteroids and comets and their orbital characteristics and links to meteorites. Considers one of the most fundamental questions - whether or not we are alone - by detailing the scientific exploration goals to be achieved at the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | true |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.402[J]
|
Introduction to Astronomy
|
Quantitative introduction to the physics of planets, stars, galaxies and our universe, from origin to ultimate fate, with emphasis on the physics tools and observational techniques that enable our understanding. Topics include our solar system, extrasolar planets; our Sun and other "normal" stars, star formation, evolution and death, supernovae, compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars, pulsars, stellar-mass black holes); galactic structure, star clusters, interstellar medium, dark matter; other galaxies, quasars, supermassive black holes, gravitational waves; cosmic large-scale structure, origin, evolution and fate of our universe, inflation, dark energy, cosmic microwave background radiation, gravitational lensing, 21cm tomography. Not usable as a restricted elective by Physics majors.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-6
|
Physics I (GIR)
|
8.282[J]
| false | false | true |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.409
|
Hands-On Astronomy: Observing Stars and Planets
|
Background for, and techniques of, visual observation and electronic imaging of the Moon, planets, satellites, stars, and brighter deep-space objects. Weekly outdoor observing sessions using 8-inch diameter telescopes when weather permits. Indoor sessions introduce skills necessary for observation. Introduction to contemporary observational astronomy including astronomical computing, image and data processing, and how astronomers work. Student must maintain a careful and complete written log which is graded. Consumes an entire evening each week; 100% attendance at observing sessions required to pass. Enrollment limited; priority to first-year students.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
1-3-2 [P/D/F]
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.410[J]
|
Observational Techniques of Optical Astronomy
|
Fundamental physical and optical principles used for astronomical measurements at visible wavelengths and practical methods of astronomical observations. Topics: astronomical coordinates, time, optics, telescopes, photon counting, signal-to-noise ratios, data analysis (including least-squares model fitting), limitations imposed by the Earth's atmosphere on optical observations, CCD detectors, photometry, spectroscopy, astrometry, and time variability. Project at Wallace Astrophysical Observatory. Written and oral project reports. Limited to 18; preference to Course 8 and Course 12 majors and minors.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-4-8
|
8.282, 12.409, or other introductory astronomy course
|
8.287[J]
| true | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.411
|
Astronomy Field Camp
|
Individual research projects in planetary science and astrophysics, involving supervised work at Teide Observatory on the island of Tenerife, Spain. Projects may include observations made using observatory telescope facilities. Project topics and objectives vary from year to year. Written and oral reports required. Limited to 6.
| true |
IAP
|
Undergraduate
|
0-6-3 [P/D/F]
|
12.410
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.412
|
Meteorites, Cosmochemistry, and Solar System Formation
|
A broad introduction to cosmochemistry, the study of the solar system formation from a geochemical perspective. Examines how the current meteorite records are used to gain information on the processes that happened in the early solar system. Topics include the origin of elements and isotopes, chemical fractionations of them during different processes, meteorite records, pre-solar grains, cosmochemical models for the solar system formation, chronology of planetary bodies from radioactive isotopes, and analytical techniques commonly used in cosmochemistry. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.420
|
Essentials of Planetary Science
|
Advanced applications of physical and chemical principles to the study of the solar system. Topics include terrestrial and giant planets, meteorites, asteroids, comets, Kuiper belt objects, rings, impact craters, interiors, surfaces, atmospheres, geomagnetism, cosmochemistry, remote sensing, formation and evolution of the solar system.
| false |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
(8.03, 12.002, and 18.03) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.421
|
Physical Principles of Remote Sensing
|
Introduction to the physics of remote sensing with applications to the study of the Earth, Moon, planets and other solar system bodies, as well as to emerging fields, such as autonomous navigation. Includes the principles of optical, thermal, radar and lidar remote sensing. Covers fundamental properties of electromagnetic waves; principles of electromagnetic scattering from real and idealized materials, including various types of surfaces and vegetation; interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the atmosphere; and thermal and microwave emission from various media. Discusses past, present, and future remote sensing platforms along with the fundamentals of orbital mechanics and data processing tools and methods. Assignments require students to write simple computer programs and plot mathematical functions. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| false |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
Physics II (GIR) and 6.100A
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.422
|
Planetary Atmospheres
|
Provides a basic understanding of the physics and chemistry of planetary atmospheres. Explores the formation and evolution of atmospheres, their structure and dynamics, and what is known about their chemical composition. Pays particular attention to their energy balance. Also presents the current state of understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. Students taking graduate version complete an additional research project.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
12.003 or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.425[J]
|
Extrasolar Planets: Physics and Detection Techniques
|
Presents basic principles of planet atmospheres and interiors applied to the study of extrasolar planets. Focuses on fundamental physical processes related to observable extrasolar planet properties. Provides a quantitative overview of detection techniques. Introduction to the feasibility of the search for Earth-like planets, biosignatures and habitable conditions on extrasolar planets. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
3-0-9
|
8.03 and 18.03
|
8.290[J]
| false | false | true |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.43[J]
|
Space Systems Engineering
|
Design of a complete space system, including systems analysis, trajectory analysis, entry dynamics, propulsion and power systems, structural design, avionics, thermal and environmental control, human factors, support systems, and weight and cost estimates. Students participate in teams, each responsible for an integrated vehicle design, providing experience in project organization and interaction between disciplines. Includes several aspects of team communication including three formal presentations, informal progress reports, colleague assessments, and written reports. Course 16 students are expected to complete two professional or concentration subjects from the departmental program before taking this capstone. Offered alternate fall and spring terms.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
3-3-6
|
Permission of instructor
|
16.83[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.431[J]
|
Space Systems Development
|
Students build a space system, focusing on refinement of sub-system designs and fabrication of full-scale prototypes. Sub-systems are integrated into a vehicle and tested. Sub-system performance is verified using methods of experimental inquiry, and is compared with physical models of performance and design goals. Communication skills are honed through written and oral reports. Formal reviews include the Implementation Plan Review and the Acceptance Review. Knowledge of the engineering design process is helpful.
| true |
Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
2-10-6
|
Permission of instructor
|
16.831[J]
| true | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.UAR[J]
|
Climate and Sustainability Undergraduate Advanced Research
|
Provides instruction in effective research, experiential projects, internships, and externships, including choosing and refining problems, surveying previous work and publications, industry best practices, design for robustness, technical presentation, authorship and collaboration, and ethics. Supporting content includes background and context pertaining to climate change and sustainability, as well as tools for sustainable design. Focus for project work includes research topics relevant to the MIT Climate & Sustainability Consortium (MCSC). Students engage in extensive written and oral communication exercises, in the context of an approved advanced research project. A total of 12 units of credit is awarded for completion of the spring and subsequent fall term offerings. Application required; consult MCSC website for more information.
| true |
Fall, Spring
|
Undergraduate
|
2-0-4
|
Permission of instructor
|
1.UAR[J], 3.UAR[J], 5.UAR[J], 11.UAR[J], 15.UAR[J], 22.UAR[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.UR
|
Undergraduate Research
|
Undergraduate research opportunities in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.
| true |
Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer
|
Undergraduate
|
rranged [P/D/F]
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.URG
|
Undergraduate Research
|
Undergraduate research opportunities in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.
| true |
Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer
|
Undergraduate
|
rranged
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.IND
|
Independent Study
|
Independent reading, laboratory, or fieldwork in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. To be arranged by student and an appropriate EAPS faculty member. A written report may be required at the discretion of the advisor. Units arranged should reflect the project requirements.
| true |
Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer
|
Undergraduate
|
rranged
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.TIP
|
Thesis Preparation
|
Definition of and early-stage work on the thesis project. Students develop a written research proposal and begin writing the supporting text of the thesis concurrent with conducting research for the thesis project. Supervision of the writing continues into the spring term which concludes with an oral presentation of the research results.
| true |
Fall
|
Undergraduate
|
2-0-4
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.THU
|
Undergraduate Thesis
|
Program of research leading to the writing of a thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate MIT faculty member.
| true |
Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer
|
Undergraduate
|
rranged
|
12.TIP
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.44
|
Practical Experience
|
For Course 12 students participating in off-campus professional experiences related to their research. Before registering for this subject, students must have an offer from a company or organization, must identify an EAPS advisor, and must receive prior approval from their advisor. Upon completion of the experience, student must submit a letter from the company or organization describing the what the student accomplished, along with a substantive final report from the student approved by the EAPS advisor. Consult departmental academic office.
| true |
Summer
|
Graduate
|
rranged
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.444
|
MatLab, Statistics, Regression, Signal Processing
|
Introduces the basic tools needed for data analysis and interpretation in the Geosciences, as well as other sciences. Composed of four modules, targeted at introducing students to the basic concepts and applications in each module. MatLab: Principles and practice in its uses, script and function modules, basic approaches to solving problems. Statistics: Correlation, means, dispersion, precision, accuracy, distributions, central limit theorem, skewness, probability, Chi-Square, Gaussian and other common distributions used in hypothesis testing. Regression: Random and grid search methods, basic least squares and algorithms applicable to regression, inversion and parameter estimation. Signal Processing: Analog and digital signals, Z-transform, Fourier series, fast Fourier transforms, spectral analysis leakage and bias, digital filtering. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-0-9
|
18.06
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.446
|
Teaching Experience in EAPS
|
Development of teaching skills through practical experience in laboratory, field, recitation, or classroom teaching under faculty member oversight. Credit for this subject may not be used for any degree granted by Course 12. Total enrollment limited by availability of suitable teaching assignments.
| true |
Fall, Spring
|
Graduate
|
rranged [P/D/F]
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.THG
|
Graduate Thesis
|
Program of research leading to the writing of an SM, PhD, or ScD thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate MIT faculty member.
| true |
Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer
|
Graduate
|
rranged
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.450
|
Seminar in Geology and Geochemistry
|
Seminar on topics of current interest in geology and geochemistry. Required background preparation for students taking pre-doctoral general examinations in these subjects.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-0-4 [P/D/F]
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.451
|
Seminar in Regional Tectonics
|
Applies techniques of tectonic synthesis to study the roles of particular orogenic belts in global plate tectonics. Treats different applications in different terms, so that the subject may be taken repeatedly to learn the range of orogenic responses to temporal and spatial variations of activity at plate boundaries.
| true |
Fall, Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-0-6 [P/D/F]
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.456
|
Seminar in Rock Mechanics
|
Discussion of current research or advanced topics in continental tectonics, rock mechanics, or experimental structural geology.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-0-4 [P/D/F]
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.463
|
Geomorphology
|
Quantitative examination of processes that shape Earth's surface. Introduction to fluvial, hillslope, and glacial mechanics. Essentials of weathering, soil formation, runoff, erosion, slope stability, sediment transport, and river morphology. Landscape evolution in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. Application of terrestrial theory to planetary surfaces. Additional instruction in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing analysis, field measurement techniques, and numerical modeling of surface processes. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-3-6
|
(Calculus I (GIR), Physics I (GIR), and 12.001) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.465A
|
Sedimentary Environments
|
Covers the basic concepts of sedimentation from the properties of individual grains to large-scale basin analysis. Lectures cover sediment textures and composition, fluid flow and sediment transport, and formation of sedimentary structures. Depositional models, for both modern and ancient environments are a major component and are studied in detail with an eye toward interpretation of depositional processes and reconstructing paleoenvironments from the rock record. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| false |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-1-3
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.465B
|
Sedimentology in the Field
|
Examines the fundamentals of sedimentary deposits and geological reasoning through first hand fieldwork. Students practice methods of modern geological field study off-campus during a required trip over spring break making field observations, measuring stratigraphic sections and making a sedimentological map. Relevant topics introduced are map and figure making in ArcGIS and Adobe Illustrator and sedimentary petrology. Culminates in an oral and written report built around data gathered in the field. Field sites and intervals of geologic time studied rotate annually and include Precambrian, Phanerozoic and Modern depositional environments. May be taken multiple times for credit. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-2-5
|
12.456 or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.467
|
Seminar in Geomorphology
|
Discussion of current research or advanced topics in landscape evolution, surface hydrology, mechanics of sediment transport, basin analysis, or experimental geomorphology. Advanced instruction in process geomorphology.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-0-1
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.470
|
Essentials of Geology
|
Geology of planetary interiors and surfaces, including plate tectonics, as a unifying theory of terrestrial geology, surface processes, and the Earth's interior. Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes associated with tectonic settings and the typical rock suites created. Mineral and rock identification. Causes of compositional differences on many scales: mineral grains, rocks, regions of the Earth, different planets. Conditions required for melting and melting processes. Rock structure and field techniques. Earth history. Treatment of these topics includes discussions of the geochemical, petrologic, geochronological, experimental, or field techniques used to investigate them; the limitations of current geological techniques and geological controversies; and great geological expeditions, experiments, and studies from the past, their premises, and their results. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
4-0-8
|
(Calculus II (GIR) and Physics II (GIR)) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.471
|
Essentials of Geobiology
|
Introduces basic concepts of microbial structure, growth, energetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. Presents examples of microbial interactions with environments throughout Earth's history as well as current topics in astrobiology. Includes lectures, discussions of literature, and a field trip. Lab focuses on student-designed projects that involve cultivation, modeling, or sample analyses. Intended for students whose background is not in biology, but who want to learn more about the contribution of microbes to geochemistry and planetary evolution.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-4-5
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.473
|
Paleomagnetism and Planetary Magnetism
|
Introduces the study of natural remanent magnetization and the generation of planetary magnetic fields. Topics include paleomagnetism, rock magnetism, geomagnetism, magnetostratigraphy, paleomagnetic measurement techniques, polar wander and continental drift, biomagnetism, dynamo theory, and the history and evolution of magnetic fields on the Earth and planets.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
2-0-4
|
(12.002 and 18.03) or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.474
|
Origin and Evolution of the Earth's Crust
|
Broad overview of the origin and evolution of Earth's crust and mantle with emphasis on the study of the Precambrian rock record. Topics include: processes of crustal growth, stabilization, and reactivation; evaluation of secular change; and use of radiogenic isotopes in geochronology and as tracers of crust forming processes.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-0-6
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.475
|
Plate Tectonics and Climate
|
Explores plate tectonics and the fundamental relationship between tectonic systems and global climate. Provides an in-depth study of plate tectonics, encompassing sea floor spreading, continental rifting, mountain and basin formation, and subduction. Examines the profound effects of tectonic activity on global climate, emphasizing the critical links between solid earth processes and long-term climate change and offering a holistic view of our planet's intricate systems. Regional case studies present examples of the complex interconnections along Earth's long history. An optional weekend field trip brings concepts encountered in class into a tangible, real-world context. Expectations differ for students taking graduate version.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-0-6
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.476
|
Radiogenic Isotope Geology
|
Applications of the variations in the relative abundance of radiogenic isotopes to problems of petrology, geochemistry, and tectonics. Topics: geochronology; isotopic evolution of Earth's crust and mantle; petrogenesis; and analytical techniques.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-3-6
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.477
|
Astrobiology, Origins and Early Evolution of Life
|
Provides an understanding of major areas of research into the problem of the origin of life on the early Earth from an astrobiological perspective. Topics include the timing, setting and conditions for the origin of life on the Hadean Earth; roles of planetary and extra-planetary processes; defining life; prebiotic chemistry; origins of nucleic acids and peptides; evolution of cellularity, replication, metabolism, and translation; establishment of the genetic code; biogenesis vs. ecogenesis; the nature of the last common ancestor of life; conceptualizing the "tree of life;" and the early evolution of the ancestors of bacteria, archaeal, and eukaryal lineages. Students taking graduate version complete an extra project.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-0-9
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.478
|
The Phylogenomic Planetary Record
|
Introduces the tools of sequence-based phylogenetic analysis and molecular evolution in the context of studying events in Earth's deep past that have been preserved by genomes. Topics include basic concepts of cladistics, phylogeny and sequence evolution, construction of phylogenetic trees of genes and microbial lineages, molecular clocks, dating, and ancestral sequence reconstruction. Special attention to the evolutionary history of microbial metabolisms and their relationship to global biogeochemical cycles across Earth's history. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| false |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-0-9
| null | null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.480
|
Thermodynamics for Geoscientists
|
Principles of thermodynamics are used to infer the physical conditions of formation and modification of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Includes phase equilibria of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and thermodynamic modelling of non-ideal crystalline solutions. Surveys the processes that lead to the formation of metamorphic and igneous rocks in the major tectonic environments in the Earth's crust and mantle.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-0-9
|
3.046 or 5.60
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.481
|
Advanced Field Geology I
|
Introduction to the problems to be investigated in 12.482, as well as the regional setting and local geology of the field area. Various special techniques may be introduced and preparatory investigations may be conducted that are specific to the area to be studied in 12.482.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
2-2-2 [P/D/F]
|
12.113
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.482
|
Advanced Field Geology II
|
In January, a geological and geomorphological study of a selected field area is conducted during a two-week excursion. Exercises include geological and geomorphological mapping on topographic and photographic base maps of a wide variety of bedrock and surficial rocks. Where feasible, geochemical and geophysical field measurements are correlated with geology. Meets with 12.115 when offered concurrently.
| true |
IAP
|
Graduate
|
rranged
|
12.481
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.487A
|
Field Geobiology I
|
Examines basic biological processes that operate in sediments. Lectures cover biological, physical and chemical processes that influence the formation and stabilization of sediments, including biomineralization, weathering, erosion, the formation of sedimentary structures and interactions with sediments, flow, and the cycles of nutrients. Lab covers analytical methods used to examine microbial processes, bioinformatic methods used to analyze microbial communities, and techniques used to analyze sediment grain sizes and chemistry. Readings and discussions provide preparation for the 12.487B field trip to a modern sedimentary environment. Enables students to interpret processes in modern sedimentary environments, reconstruct similar processes in the rock record, collect appropriate samples in the field, and analyze microbiological data. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-1-3
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.487B
|
Field Geobiology II
|
Teaches fundamentals of field observations and reasoning in geobiology/sedimentology during a required trip to a modern sedimentary environment over spring break, followed by laboratory analyses of collected samples. Students make observations, develop hypotheses, collect samples required to test their hypotheses and interact with lecturers and students investigating the sedimentology of the site. Upon return to MIT, students work on field samples to characterize the sediments, use the preliminary data to develop an understanding of the field site, and write research reports. Students taking graduate version write proposals that present a research question based on the field observations and subsequent analyses. Meets with 12.110B and 12.465B when those subjects examine modern sedimentary environments.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-2-5
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.493[J]
|
Microbial Genetics and Evolution
|
Covers aspects of microbial genetic and genomic analyses, central dogma, horizontal gene transfer, and evolution.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
4-0-8
|
7.03, 7.05, or permission of instructor
|
1.87[J], 7.493[J], 20.446[J]
| false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.494
|
Geochemistry of Natural Waters
|
Equips students with the fundamental skills to identify major controls on the chemistry of waters on the Earth. Students examine key concepts, theories and practical tools (e.g., pH, Eh, alkalinity, surface charge, speciation, and carbonate equilibrium) and apply them as tools to understand and make predictions for the biogeochemical cycles of the Earth systems. Graduate students complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-2-7
|
Calculus II (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.501
|
Essentials of Global Geophysics
|
Overview of basic topics in solid-earth geophysics, such as the Earth's rotation, gravity and magnetic field, seismology, and thermal structure. Formulation of physical principles presented in three one-hour lectures per week. Current applications discussed in an additional one-hour tutorial each week. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
4-0-8
|
Physics II (GIR) and 18.03
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.502
|
Flow, Deformation, and Fracture in Earth and Other Terrestrial Bodies
|
Covers fundamentals of deformation and fracture of solids and the flow of viscous fluids. Explores spatial scales from molecular to planetary, and time scales from fractions of a second to millions of years, to understand how and why natural materials on Earth and other terrestrial bodies respond to applied forces. Fundamental concepts include the principles of continuum mechanics, tensor representation of physical properties, forces, tractions, stresses, strain theory, elasticity, contact problems, fracture and friction, and viscous flow and rheological models (plasticity, viscosity, viscoelasticity, elasto-plasticity). Students gather, analyze and interpret data using existing theoretical models. Includes a significant laboratory component that provides practical experience with experimental measurements and tests students' acquired theoretical knowledge. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-2-7
|
Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.503
|
Mechanics of Earth
|
Covers topics in the deformation and fracture of solids and the flow of viscous fluids. Explores spatial scales from molecular to planetary, and time scales from fractions of a second to millions of years, to understand how and why natural materials on Earth and other terrestrial bodies respond to applied forces. Introduces anelasticity, granular mechanics, poroelasticity, rate-and-state friction, transport properties of Earth materials (Darcy's law, Fick's law), brittle-ductile transitions, creep of polycrystalline materials, stored energy and dissipation, and convection. Prepares students to gather, analyze and interpret data using existing theoretical models. Through a significant laboratory component, students obtain practical experience with experimental measurements and test their acquired theoretical knowledge. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-2-7
|
Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.507
|
Essentials of Field Geophysics
|
Introduces students to the practical field application of various geophysical methods to studying Earth's to all aspects of near-surface and prepares students to undertake fieldwork that uses these methods. Methods covered include but are not limited to measuring seismic waves, gravity, precise positions (commonly referred to as GPS but formally known as GNSS), and topography using drones. Lab time involves local fieldwork to gain experience with the methods being taught. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-3-6
|
Physics II (GIR), 6.100A, and 18.03
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.510
|
Introduction to Seismology
|
A basic study in seismology and the utilization of seismic waves for the study of Earth's interior. Introduces techniques necessary for understanding of elastic wave propagation in stratified media and for calculation of synthetic seismograms (WKBJ and mode summation). Ray theory; interpretation of travel times. (e.g., tomography); surface wave dispersion in layered media; Earth's free oscillations; and seismicity, (earthquake locations, magnitude, moment, and source properties). Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Fall
|
Graduate
|
3-1-8
|
18.075 or 18.085
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.511
|
Field Geophysics
|
Covers practical methods of modern geophysics, including the global positioning system (GPS), gravity, and magnetics. Field work is conducted in western US and includes intensive 10-day field exercise. Focuses on measurement techniques and their interpretation. Introduces the science of gravity, magnetics, and the GPS. Measures crustal structure, fault motions, tectonic deformations, and the local gravity and magnetic fields. Students perform high-precision measurements and participate in data analysis. Emphasizes principles of geophysical data collection and the relevance of these data for tectonic faulting, crustal structure, and the dynamics of the earthquake cycle. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
IAP
|
Graduate
|
1-4-1 [P/D/F]
|
12.507 or permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.512
|
Field Geophysics Analysis
|
Focuses on in-depth data analysis and development of skills needed to report results both in writing and orally. Students use data collected in 12.511 to develop written and oral reports of the results, with each student focusing on a different area. For example, students can develop the geophysical modeling or synthesis of the results into other studies in the area. The final written and oral reports are combined into a comprehensive report and presentation of the field camp and its results. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
2-0-4
|
12.511
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.515
|
Data and Models
|
Surveys a number of methods of inverting data to obtain model parameter estimates. Topics include review of matrix theory and statistics, random and grid-search methods, linear and non-linear least squares, maximum-likelihood estimation, ridge regression, stochastic inversion, sequential estimation, singular value decomposition, solution of large systems, genetic and simulated annealing inversion, regularization, parameter error estimates, and solution uniqueness and resolution. Computer laboratory and algorithm development.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-0-9
|
18.075 or 18.085
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
12.521
|
Computational Geophysical Modeling
|
Introduces theory, design, and practical methods of computational modeling in geodynamics and geophysical fluid dynamics. Covers the most effective and widely used numerical modeling approaches (e.g., boundary element, finite difference, finite element) and emphasizes problem-solving skills through illustrative examples of heat and mass transfer in the mantle and the ocean. Students acquire experience with various numerical methods through regularly assigned computational exercises and a term-long modeling project of each student's choice.
| true |
Spring
|
Graduate
|
3-0-9
|
Permission of instructor
| null | false | false | false |
False
|
False
|
False
|
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