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{"datasets_id": 2264, "wiki_id": "Q2560444", "sp": 30, "sc": 187, "ep": 34, "ec": 389} | 2,264 | Q2560444 | 30 | 187 | 34 | 389 | Haitian cuisine | Clairin & Crémas | to as a white rhum because of the similar qualities. It is considered to be a cheaper option than standard rhum in Haiti and as a result it is consumed more. It is also used in Vodou rituals. Crémas Crémas, also spelled Crémasse (Haitian Creole: kremas), is a sweet and creamy alcoholic beverage native to Haiti. The beverage is made primarily from creamed coconut, sweetened condensed or evaporated milk, and rum. The rum used is usually dark; however, white rum is used frequently as well. Various other spices are added for additional flavoring such as cinnamon, nutmeg, anise, as well |
{"datasets_id": 2264, "wiki_id": "Q2560444", "sp": 34, "sc": 389, "ep": 34, "ec": 977} | 2,264 | Q2560444 | 34 | 389 | 34 | 977 | Haitian cuisine | Crémas | as miscellaneous ingredients such as the widely used vanilla extract or raisins. Recipes vary from person to person with a few differences in ingredients here and there. However the overall look and taste are the same. The beverage possesses a creamy consistency similar to a thick milkshake and varies from off-white to beige in color. It is a very popular drink, served regularly at social events and during the holidays. It is usually consumed along with a sweet pastry of some sort. The drink is often served cold however it can be served at room temperature. The beverage has become |
{"datasets_id": 2264, "wiki_id": "Q2560444", "sp": 34, "sc": 977, "ep": 38, "ec": 585} | 2,264 | Q2560444 | 34 | 977 | 38 | 585 | Haitian cuisine | Crémas & Non-alcoholic | recently marketed in Haiti as well as the United States. Non-alcoholic Due to its tropical climate, juice is a mainstay in Haiti. Juices from many fruits are commonly made and can be found everywhere. Guava juice, grapefruit juice, mango juice, along with the juices of many citrus fruits (orange, granadilla, passion fruit, etc.) are enjoyed. Juice is the de facto beverage because of its variety of flavors, easy production, and widespread accessibility. Malt beverages, which are non-alcoholic drinks consisting of unfermented barley with molasses added for flavor are commonly drunk. Fruit champagne flavored Cola Couronne, is arguably the most popular |
{"datasets_id": 2264, "wiki_id": "Q2560444", "sp": 38, "sc": 585, "ep": 38, "ec": 1174} | 2,264 | Q2560444 | 38 | 585 | 38 | 1,174 | Haitian cuisine | Non-alcoholic | soda in Haiti and its diaspora, as it is a stapled beverage since 1924. Cola Lacaye is also another brand of soda that comes in a variety of flavors including fruit cola. In the more urban areas of the nation, American beverages such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are also enjoyed. Milkshakes (or milkchèyk) are also drunk regularly. Sweet, strong coffee is enjoyed throughout the nation. Since 1898, one of the oldest coffee brands, Café Selecto and the more recent Rebo, both offer great blends. Haitian coffee has a classic and rich taste of chocolatey sweet with mellow citrus highlights. |
{"datasets_id": 2264, "wiki_id": "Q2560444", "sp": 40, "sc": 0, "ep": 42, "ec": 572} | 2,264 | Q2560444 | 40 | 0 | 42 | 572 | Haitian cuisine | Desserts | Desserts Many types of desserts are eaten in Haiti ranging from the mild to sweet. Sugarcane is used frequently in the making of these desserts however granulated sugar is also used often. One very well-liked dessert is a shaved ice called fresco which can be whipped up quickly. Fresco is similar to an Italian ice, however it consists primarily of fruit syrup. The syrup is moderately thick and very sweet. It is frequently sold by street vendors. The sweet smell of this candy-like snack often attracts honeybees; a common sight on the streets. Pain patate (pen patat) is a soft |
{"datasets_id": 2264, "wiki_id": "Q2560444", "sp": 42, "sc": 572, "ep": 42, "ec": 958} | 2,264 | Q2560444 | 42 | 572 | 42 | 958 | Haitian cuisine | Desserts | sweet bread made using cinnamon, evaporated milk, and sweet potato. It is usually served cold from the refrigerator but it can also be eaten at room temperature. Akasan is a thick corn milkshake with a consistency similar to that of labouille (labouyi), a type of cornmeal porridge. It is made using many of the same ingredients as pain patate consisting of evaporated milk, and sugar. |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 566} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 566 | Haleakalā National Park | History | Haleakalā National Park History Haleakalā was originally part of Hawaii National Park along with the volcanoes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea on the island of Hawaiʻi, created in 1916. Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park was made into a separate national park in 1961. The park area was designated an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980. The name Haleakalā is Hawaiian for "house of the sun." According to a local legend, the demigod Maui imprisoned the sun here in order to lengthen the day. The Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 was proposed to observe the Hawaiian spelling, but |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 6, "sc": 566, "ep": 10, "ec": 349} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 6 | 566 | 10 | 349 | Haleakalā National Park | History & Summit | it did not become law.
The park features the dormant Haleakalā (East Maui) Volcano, which last erupted sometime between 1480 and 1600 AD. The park is divided into two distinct sections: the summit area and the coastal Kipahulu area. Summit An extremely winding but well maintained road leads up the mountain. The summit area includes Haleakalā Crater, the summit of the volcano, and the area surrounding the summit. This part of the park is accessed by Hawaii State Road 378. There is a visitor center, with parking and restrooms, near the summit. At the summit itself is another parking |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 10, "sc": 349, "ep": 10, "ec": 983} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 10 | 349 | 10 | 983 | Haleakalā National Park | Summit | lot and a simple observatory without facilities.
The main feature of this part of the park is Haleakalā Crater which, despite its name, is geologically an erosional valley). It is 6.99 miles (11.25 km) across, 2.0 mi (3.2 km) wide, and 2,600 ft (790 m) deep. The interior of the crater is dotted by numerous volcanic features, including large cinder cones. Two main trails lead into the crater from the summit area: the Halemau'u and Sliding Sands trails. Hikers in the crater can stay in one of three cabins.
Visitors frequently come to the summit of the volcano to watch the sunrise and/or sunset. One attraction of |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 10, "sc": 983, "ep": 10, "ec": 1610} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 10 | 983 | 10 | 1,610 | Haleakalā National Park | Summit | the park is Hosmer's Grove, a unique forest of trees including deodar (Cedrus deodara) from the Himalayas, sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) from Japan, eucalyptus from Australia, and several species from North America (pine, spruce, cypress, fir, and others). Native plants and trees are also present in the forest but are not common due to the little light available (because of the taller alien trees).
The park is known for its volcanic features, its long scenic drive with numerous overlooks, and the unusually clear views of the night sky available. Haleakalā is one of the best places in the United States for amateur |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 10, "sc": 1610, "ep": 14, "ec": 229} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 10 | 1,610 | 14 | 229 | Haleakalā National Park | Summit & Kipahulu | astronomy, and binoculars and telescopes are available for rent from many local merchants. Nēnē (Hawaiian geese, Branta sandvicensis) can also be seen in their natural habitat in Haleakalā Crater. Although nēnē died out entirely in the park, in 1946 they were re-introduced with the help of the Boy Scouts, who carried young birds into the crater in their backpacks. Kipahulu The second section of the park is the Kipahulu section. Visitors cannot drive directly to this section from the summit area; they must take a winding coastal road that travels around the windward coast of the island. This part of |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 14, "sc": 229, "ep": 14, "ec": 808} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 14 | 229 | 14 | 808 | Haleakalā National Park | Kipahulu | the park lies within the lower part of Kipahulu Valley. It is separated from the summit area of the park by the upper portion of the valley. This area is designated the Kipahulu Valley Biological Reserve and is closed to the public to preserve the native plant and animal species in this fragile rainforest.
This section of the park features more than two dozen pools along Palikea Stream in the gulch called ʻOheʻo. These pools contain rare native freshwater fish. Visitors may choose to swim in these pools, or they may choose to hike a trail that takes visitors up to |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 14, "sc": 808, "ep": 18, "ec": 648} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 14 | 808 | 18 | 648 | Haleakalā National Park | Kipahulu & Flora and fauna | the base of Waimoku Falls. Flora and fauna More endangered species live in Haleakalā National Park than any other national park in the United States. Once traveling to this part of the island became more frequent, native species were destroyed. One example is the ʻāhinahina (Haleakalā silversword, Argyroxiphium sandwicense macrocephalum), which formerly covered Haleakala Mountain to a degree where the mountain looked as if it were covered with snow. Other endangered species include the endangered Haleakalā schiedea (Schiedea haleakalensis).
The park is home to many tardigrade species surviving in the extreme environment near the mountain summit. In the 1980s, local biologist |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 18, "sc": 648, "ep": 22, "ec": 520} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 18 | 648 | 22 | 520 | Haleakalā National Park | Flora and fauna & Haleakala Observatory | Sam Gon III discovered 31 tardigrade species here and described Haleakalā as the "richest place on Earth for tardigrades". Haleakala Observatory Haleakala Observatory is an observation site located near the visitor center. It lies above the tropical inversion layer and so experiences excellent viewing conditions and very clear skies. For over 40 years, the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy has managed this site, conducting dedicated astrophysical experiments. One of its missions, the Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS), tracks satellites and debris orbiting the Earth. The buildings are on a gated road just past the summit and are not within the |
{"datasets_id": 2265, "wiki_id": "Q1137640", "sp": 22, "sc": 520, "ep": 22, "ec": 535} | 2,265 | Q1137640 | 22 | 520 | 22 | 535 | Haleakalā National Park | Haleakala Observatory | park boundary. |
{"datasets_id": 2266, "wiki_id": "Q5641799", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 587} | 2,266 | Q5641799 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 587 | Half dime | Half dime The half dime, or half disme, was a silver coin, valued at five cents, formerly minted in the United States.
Some numismatists consider the denomination to be the first coin minted by the United States Mint under the Coinage Act of 1792, with production beginning on or about July 1792. However, others consider the 1792 half dime to be nothing more than a pattern coin, or "test piece", and this matter continues to be subject to debate.
These coins were much smaller than dimes in diameter and thickness, appearing to be "half dimes". In the 1860s, powerful interests |
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{"datasets_id": 2266, "wiki_id": "Q5641799", "sp": 4, "sc": 587, "ep": 4, "ec": 1211} | 2,266 | Q5641799 | 4 | 587 | 4 | 1,211 | Half dime | promoting the use of nickel as a metal for use in coinage successfully lobbied for the creation of new coins, which would be made of a copper-nickel alloy; production of such coins began in 1865, and were struck in two denominations – three and five cents (the latter introduced in 1866). Since the modern five-cent coin became known as the "nickel", the half dime may sometimes be called a nickel due to its having the same denomination.
The introduction of the copper-nickel five-cent pieces made the silver coins of the same denomination redundant, and they were discontinued in 1873.
The following types |
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{"datasets_id": 2266, "wiki_id": "Q5641799", "sp": 4, "sc": 1211, "ep": 8, "ec": 415} | 2,266 | Q5641799 | 4 | 1,211 | 8 | 415 | Half dime | Seated Liberty (various subtypes) 1837–1873 | of half dimes were produced by the United States Mint or under the authority of the Coinage Act of 1792: Seated Liberty (various subtypes) 1837–1873 These were the last silver half dimes produced. The design features Liberty seated on a rock and holding a shield and was first conceived in 1835 used first on the silver dollar patterns of 1836. The series is divided into several subtypes. The first was struck at Philadelphia in 1837 and New Orleans in 1838 and lacks stars on the obverse. In 1838 a semicircle of 13 stars was added around the obverse border, and |
{"datasets_id": 2266, "wiki_id": "Q5641799", "sp": 8, "sc": 415, "ep": 8, "ec": 990} | 2,266 | Q5641799 | 8 | 415 | 8 | 990 | Half dime | Seated Liberty (various subtypes) 1837–1873 | this basic design was used through 1859. In 1853, small arrows were added to each side of the date to reflect a reduction in weight due to rising silver prices, and the arrows remained in place through 1855. The arrows were dropped in 1856, with the earlier design resumed through 1859. In 1860, the obverse stars were replaced with the inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and the reverse wreath was enlarged. This design stayed in place through the end of the series. In 1978 a unique 1870-S Seated Liberty half dime became known. The Seated Liberty half dime was produced |
{"datasets_id": 2266, "wiki_id": "Q5641799", "sp": 8, "sc": 990, "ep": 12, "ec": 385} | 2,266 | Q5641799 | 8 | 990 | 12 | 385 | Half dime | Seated Liberty (various subtypes) 1837–1873 & 1870-S half dime | at the Philadelphia, San Francisco and New Orleans mints in an aggregate amount of 84,828,478 coins struck for circulation. See also United States Seated Liberty coinage. 1870-S half dime In 1978 a coin collector surprised the coin collecting community with an 1870–S (San Francisco) half dime, believed to have been found in a dealer's box of cheap coins at a coin show. According to mint records for 1870, no half dimes had been minted in San Francisco; yet it was a genuine 1870-S half dime. At an auction later that same year, the 1870-S half dime sold for $425,000. It |
{"datasets_id": 2266, "wiki_id": "Q5641799", "sp": 12, "sc": 385, "ep": 12, "ec": 639} | 2,266 | Q5641799 | 12 | 385 | 12 | 639 | Half dime | 1870-S half dime | is believed that another example may exist—along with other denominations minted that year in San Francisco—in the cornerstone of the old San Francisco Mint. Later in July, 2004, the discovery coin sold for $661,250 in MS-63 in a Stack`s-Bowers auction. |
{"datasets_id": 2267, "wiki_id": "Q5641995", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 61} | 2,267 | Q5641995 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 61 | Halgerda elegans | Distribution | Halgerda elegans Distribution Reported from the Philippines and New South Wales, Australia. |
{"datasets_id": 2268, "wiki_id": "Q13651662", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 71} | 2,268 | Q13651662 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 71 | Halgerda paliensis | Taxonomic history & Distribution | Halgerda paliensis Taxonomic history Originally described as Sclerodoris paliensis, this species was transferred to the genus Halgerda in 2001. Distribution This species was described from Hawaii, where it is apparently endemic. |
{"datasets_id": 2269, "wiki_id": "Q5642246", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 591} | 2,269 | Q5642246 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 591 | Halifax Rules | Halifax Rules The Halifax Rules were ice hockey rules published in 1943 by a Nova Scotia newspaper reporter named James Power, who was known colloquially as 'The Dean of Canadian Sports Reporters.' Power recorded the rules as related to him by Byron Weston who had become the president of the Dartmouth Amateur Athletic Association and who had played in the Halifax-Dartmouth area as early as the 1860s with teams from the area including native Mi'kmaq players. The rules are purported to have been used in the Halifax-Dartmouth area prior to hockey being played in Montreal (starting in 1875), however no |
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{"datasets_id": 2269, "wiki_id": "Q5642246", "sp": 4, "sc": 591, "ep": 4, "ec": 626} | 2,269 | Q5642246 | 4 | 591 | 4 | 626 | Halifax Rules | contemporary sources confirm this. |
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{"datasets_id": 2270, "wiki_id": "Q5642383", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 517} | 2,270 | Q5642383 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 517 | Halina Tam | Career | Halina Tam Career Tam was the winner of the Miss Hong Kong Pageant 1994. She went on to represent Hong Kong at the Miss Chinese International 1995 pageant where she placed in the top 5, resulting in a berth at Miss Universe 1995 where she placed 45th. She had a singing career with BMG (Hong Kong) in 1997 and worked as an actress with TVB in Hong Kong. She also hosted Leisure and Pleasure from 2008 to 2010 and co-hosted Destiny and Beyond for the network. She left TVB after 18 years of working for the network, having last appeared |
{"datasets_id": 2270, "wiki_id": "Q5642383", "sp": 6, "sc": 517, "ep": 10, "ec": 179} | 2,270 | Q5642383 | 6 | 517 | 10 | 179 | Halina Tam | Career & Personal life | on screen in 2012. Personal life Halina married her boyfriend Eric Choi on 11 September 2007. She opened her first craft supplies store in 2013 and continued with a small snack shop in Causeway Bay in March 2014. |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 8} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 8 | Hama | Ancient era & Amorite period and the Mittanni | Hama Ancient era The ancient settlement of Hamath was occupied from the early Neolithic to the Iron Age. Remains from the Chalcolithic have been uncovered by Danish archaeologists on the mount on which the former citadel once stood. The excavation took place between 1931 and 1938 under the direction of Harald Ingholt. The stratigraphy is very generalized, which makes detailed comparison to other sites difficult. Level M (6 m or 20 ft thick) contained both white ware (lime-plaster) and true pottery. It may be contemporary with Ras Shamra V (6000–5000 BC). The overlying level L dates to the Chalcolithic Halaf culture. Amorite |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 8, "sc": 7, "ep": 10, "ec": 641} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 641 | Hama | Amorite period and the Mittanni | period and the Mittanni Although the town appears to be unmentioned in cuneiform sources before the first millennium BC, the site appears to have been prosperous around 1500 BC, when it was presumably an Amorite dependency of Mitanni, an empire along the Euphrates in northeastern Syria. Mitanni was subsequently overthrown by the Hittites, who controlled all of northern Syria following the famous Battle of Kadesh against Ancient Egypt under Ramesses II near Homs in 1285 BC.
In early 19th century, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt was the first to discover Hittite or Luwian hieroglyphic script at Hama.
The site also shows signs of Assyrian and Aramaean |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 10, "sc": 641, "ep": 18, "ec": 305} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 10 | 641 | 18 | 305 | Hama | Amorite period and the Mittanni & Neo-Hittites & Assyrian inscriptions | settlement. Neo-Hittites By the turn of the millennium, the centralized old Hittite Empire had fallen, and Hama is attested as the capital of one of the prosperous Syro-Hittite states known from the Hebrew Bible as Hamath (Aramaic: Ḥmt; Hittite: Amatuwana; Hebrew: חֲמָת Ḥəmåṯ), which traded extensively, particularly with Israel and Judah. Assyrian inscriptions When the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) conquered the north of Aramea, he reached Hamath (Assyrian: Amat or Hamata) in 835 BC; this marks the beginning of Assyrian inscriptions relating to the kingdom. Irhuleni of Hamath and Hadadezer of Aram-Damascus (biblical "Bar-Hadad") led a coalition of |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 18, "sc": 305, "ep": 18, "ec": 961} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 18 | 305 | 18 | 961 | Hama | Assyrian inscriptions | Aramean cities against the encroaching Assyrian armies. According to Assyrian sources, they were confronted by 4,000 chariots, 2,000 horsemen, 62,000-foot-soldiers and 1,000 Arab camel-riders in the Battle of Qarqar. The Assyrian victory seems to have been more of a draw, although Shalmaneser III continued on to the shore and even took a ship to open sea. In the following years, Shalmaneser III failed to conquer Hamath or Aram-Damascus. After the death of Shalmaneser III, the former allies Hamath and Aram-Damascus fell out, and Aram-Damascus seems to have taken over some of Hamath's territory.
An Aramaic inscription of Zakkur, dual king of |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 18, "sc": 961, "ep": 18, "ec": 1586} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 18 | 961 | 18 | 1,586 | Hama | Assyrian inscriptions | Hamath and Luhuti, tells of an attack by a coalition including Sam'al under Ben-Hadad III, son of Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus. Zakir was besieged in his fortress of Hazrak, but saved by intervention of the God Baalshamin. Later on, the state of Sam'al came to rule both Hamath and Aram.
In 743 BC, Tiglath-Pileser III took a number of towns in the territory of Hamath, distributed the territories among his generals, and forcibly removed 1,223 selected inhabitants to the valley of the Upper Tigris; he exacted tribute from Hamath's king, Eni-Ilu (Eniel).
In 738 BC, Hamath is listed among the cities again |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 18, "sc": 1586, "ep": 26, "ec": 24} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 18 | 1,586 | 26 | 24 | Hama | Assyrian inscriptions & Destruction under Sargon II & Hamath in the Bible | conquered by Assyrian troops. Over 30,000 natives were deported to Ullaba and replaced with captives from the Zagros Mountains. Destruction under Sargon II After the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel, Hamath's king Ilu-Bi'di (Jau-Bi'di) led a failed revolt of the newly organized Assyrian provinces of Arpad, Simirra, Damascus, and Samara.
Styling himself the "Destroyer of Hamath," Sargon II razed the city c. 720 BC, recolonized it with 6,300 Assyrians, and removed its king to be flayed alive in Assyria. He also carried off to Nimrud the ivory-adorned furnishings of its kings. Hamath in the Bible The few Biblical reports |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 26, "sc": 24, "ep": 26, "ec": 611} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 611 | Hama | Hamath in the Bible | state that Hamath was the capital of a Canaanite kingdom (Genesis 10:18; 2 Kings 23:33; 25:21), whose king congratulated King David on his victory over Hadadezer, king of Zobah (2 Samuel 8:9-11; 1 Chronicles 18:9-11). In God's instructions to Moses, Hamath is specified as part of the northern border of the land that will fall to the children of Israel as an inheritance when they enter the land of Canaan. Solomon, it would seem, took possession of Hamath and its territory and built store cities. 1 Kings 8:65 names the "entrance of Hamath", or Lebo-Hamath, as the northern border of |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 26, "sc": 611, "ep": 30, "ec": 82} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 26 | 611 | 30 | 82 | Hama | Hamath in the Bible & Hellenistic and Roman history | Israel at the time of the dedication of the first temple in Jerusalem. The area was subsequently lost to the Syrians, but Jeroboam II, king of Israel, is said to have "restored the territory of Israel from the entrance of Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah (the Dead Sea)".
Assyria's defeat of Hamath made a profound impression on Isaiah. The prophet Amos also named the town "Hamath the Great". Indeed, the name appears to stem from Phoenician khamat, "fort." Hellenistic and Roman history In the second half of the 4th century BC the modern region of Syria came under the |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 30, "sc": 82, "ep": 30, "ec": 685} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 30 | 82 | 30 | 685 | Hama | Hellenistic and Roman history | influence of Greco-Roman culture, following long lasting semitic and Persian cultures. Alexander the Great's campaign from 334 to 323 BC brought Syria under Hellenic rule. Since the country lay on the trade routes from Asia to Greece, Hama and many other Syrian cities again grew rich through trade. After the death of Alexander the Great his Near East conquests were divided between his generals, and Seleucus Nicator became ruler of Syria and the founder of the Seleucid dynasty. Under the Seleucids there was a revival in the fortunes of Hama. The Aramaeans were allowed to return to the city, which |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 30, "sc": 685, "ep": 30, "ec": 1316} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 30 | 685 | 30 | 1,316 | Hama | Hellenistic and Roman history | was renamed Epiphaneia (
Ancient Greek: Ἐπιφάνεια), after the Seleucid Emperor Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Seleucid rule began to decline, however, in the next two centuries, and Arab dynasties began to gain control of cities in this part of Syria, including Hama.
The Romans took over original settlements such as Hama and made them their own. They met little resistance when they invaded Syria under Pompey and annexed it in 64 BC, whereupon Hama became part of the Roman province of Syria, ruled from Rome by a proconsul. Hama was an important city during the Greek and Roman periods, but very little archaeological |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 30, "sc": 1316, "ep": 30, "ec": 1983} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 30 | 1,316 | 30 | 1,983 | Hama | Hellenistic and Roman history | evidence remains.
In AD 330, the capital of the Roman Empire was moved to Byzantium, and the city continued to prosper. In Byzantine days Hama was known as Emath or Emathoùs (Εμαθούς in Greek). Roman rule from Byzantium meant the Christian religion was strengthened throughout the Near East, and churches were built in Hama and other cities. The Byzantine historian John of Epiphania was born in Hama in the 6th century.
Eustathius of Epiphaneia (Ancient Greek: Εὐστάθιος Ἐπιφανεύς) was a Greek historian. All his works lost. The most famous was the "Brief Chronicle" (Ancient Greek: Χρονικὴν ἐπιτομὴν).
Stephanus of Byzantium writes that the |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 30, "sc": 1983, "ep": 34, "ec": 540} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 30 | 1,983 | 34 | 540 | Hama | Hellenistic and Roman history & Muslim rule | Euphrates the Stoic was from Epiphaneia. Muslim rule During the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 7th century, Hama was conquered by Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah in 638 or 639 and the town regained its ancient name, and has since retained it. Following its capture, it came under the administration of Jund Hims and remained so throughout the rule of Umayyads until the 9th century.
Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi writes Hama became a part of Jund Qinnasrin during Abbasid rule. Although the city's history is obscure at this time period, it is known that Hama was a walled market town with a |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 34, "sc": 540, "ep": 34, "ec": 1142} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 34 | 540 | 34 | 1,142 | Hama | Muslim rule | ring of outlying cities. It came under the control of the Hamdanid rulers of Aleppo in the 10th century and was consequently drawn into the orbit of that city where it remained until the 12th century. These were considered the "dark years" of Hama as the local rulers of northern and southern Syria struggled for dominance in the region. The Byzantines under emperor Nicephorus Phocas raided the town in 968 and burned the Great Mosque. By the 11th century, the Fatimids gained suzerainty over northern Syria and during this period, the Mirdasids sacked Hama. Persian geographer Nasir Khusraw noted in |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 34, "sc": 1142, "ep": 34, "ec": 1712} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 34 | 1,142 | 34 | 1,712 | Hama | Muslim rule | 1047 that Hama was "well populated" and stood on the banks of the Orontes River.
Tancred, Prince of Galilee, took it in 1108, but in 1114 the Crusaders lost it definitively to the Seljuks. The governor of Hama in the early 12th century was Ali Kurd, and his sons, Nasir and Kurdanshah became vassals of Toghtekin. In 1157 an earthquake shattered the city. For the next sixty years, Hama was battled for by competing rulers. Nur al-Din, the Zengid sultan, erected a mosque with a tall, square minaret in the city in 1172. In 1175, Hama was taken from the Zengids |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 34, "sc": 1712, "ep": 34, "ec": 2271} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 34 | 1,712 | 34 | 2,271 | Hama | Muslim rule | by Saladin. He granted the city to his nephew, al-Muzaffar Umar, four years later, putting it under the rule of his Ayyubid family. This ushered in an era of stability and prosperity in Hama as the Ayyubids ruled it almost continuously until 1342. Geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, who was born in Hama, described it in 1225 as a large town surrounded by a strongly built wall. Hama was sacked by the Mongols in 1260, as were most other Syrian cities, but the Mongols were defeated that same year and then again in 1303 by the Mamluks who succeeded the Ayyubids as |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 34, "sc": 2271, "ep": 34, "ec": 2865} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 34 | 2,271 | 34 | 2,865 | Hama | Muslim rule | rulers of the region. Hama briefly passed to Mamluk control in 1299 after the death of governor al-Mansur Mahmoud II. However, unlike other former Ayyubid cities, the Mamluks reinstated Ayyubid rule in Hama by making Abu al-Fida, the historian and geographer, governor of the city and he reigned from 1310 to 1332. He described his city as "very ancient... mentioned in the book of the Israelites. It is one of the pleasantest places in Syria." After his death, he was succeeded by his son al-Afdal Muhammad who eventually lost Mamluk favor and was deposed. Thus, Hama came under direct Mamluk |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 34, "sc": 2865, "ep": 34, "ec": 3468} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 34 | 2,865 | 34 | 3,468 | Hama | Muslim rule | control.
Hama grew prosperous during the Ayyubid period, as well as the Mamluk period. It gradually expanded to both banks of the Orontes River, with the suburb on the right bank being connected to the town proper by a newly built bridge. The town on the left bank was divided into upper and lower parts, each of which was surrounded by a wall. The city was filled with palaces, markets, mosques, madrasas, and a hospital, and over thirty different sized norias (water-wheels). In addition, there stood a massive citadel in Hama. Moreover, a special aqueduct brought drinking water to Hama from |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 34, "sc": 3468, "ep": 38, "ec": 178} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 34 | 3,468 | 38 | 178 | Hama | Muslim rule & Ottoman rule | the neighboring town of Salamiyah.
Ibn Battuta visited Hama in 1335 and remarked that the Orontes River made the city "pleasant to live in, with its many gardens full of trees and fruits." He also speaks of a large suburb called al-Mansuriyyah (named after an Ayyubid emir) that contained "a fine market, a mosque, and bathes." In 1400, Timurlane took Hama, along with nearby Homs and Baalbek. Ottoman rule The prosperous period of Mamluk rule came to an end in 1516, when the Ottoman Turks conquered Syria from the Mamluks after defeating them at the Battle of Marj Dabiq near Aleppo. |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 38, "sc": 178, "ep": 38, "ec": 806} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 38 | 178 | 38 | 806 | Hama | Ottoman rule | Hama, and the rest of Syria, came under Ottoman rule from Constantinople. Under the Ottomans, Hama gradually became more important in the administrative structure of the region. It was first made capital of one of the liwas ("districts") of the vilayet ("province") of Tripoli. Hama once again became an important center for trade routes running east from the Mediterranean coast into Asia. A number of khans ("caravansaries"s) were built in the city, like Khan Rustum Pasha which dates from 1556. Syria was later divided into three governorships and Hama was ruled by the governorship based at Aleppo.
Then in the 18th |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 38, "sc": 806, "ep": 38, "ec": 1382} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 38 | 806 | 38 | 1,382 | Hama | Ottoman rule | century, it became a part of the holdings of the governor of Damascus. The governors of Damascus at this time were the Azems, who also ruled other parts of Syria, for the Ottomans. They erected sumptuous residences in Hama, including the Azem Palace and Khan As'ad Pasha which were built by As'ad Pasha al-Azem, who governed Hama for a number of years until 1742. By then, there were 14 caravansaries in the city, mostly used for the storage and distribution of seeds, cotton, wool, and other commodities. After the passing of the Vilayet Law in 1864, Hama became the capital |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 38, "sc": 1382, "ep": 42, "ec": 458} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 38 | 1,382 | 42 | 458 | Hama | Ottoman rule & Modern history | of the Sanjak of Hama (gaining the city more administrative powers), part of the larger vilayet of Sham. Modern history Ottoman rule ended in 1918, after their defeat in World War I to the Allied Forces. Hama was made part of the French Mandate of Syria. By then, Hama had developed into what it has remained: a medium-sized provincial town, important as the market for an agricultural area abundant in cereals, but also cotton and sugar beets. It gained notoriety as the center of large estates worked by peasants and dominated by a few magnate families. The 1925 Hama uprising |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 42, "sc": 458, "ep": 42, "ec": 1116} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 42 | 458 | 42 | 1,116 | Hama | Modern history | occurred in the city during the Great Syrian Revolt against the French.
During the French Mandate, the district of Hama contained within its bounds the municipality of Hama and 114 villages. By an estimate in 1930, only four of these villages were owned outright by local cultivators, while sharing ownership of two villages with a notable family. Thus, the hinterland was owned by landowning elites. Starting in the late 1940s, significant class conflict erupted as agricultural workers sought reform in Hama.
Syria gained full independence from France in 1946. Akram al-Hawrani, a member of an impoverished notable family in Hama, began to |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 42, "sc": 1116, "ep": 42, "ec": 1762} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 42 | 1,116 | 42 | 1,762 | Hama | Modern history | agitate for land reform and better social conditions. He made Hama the base of his Arab Socialist Party, which later merged with another socialist party, the Ba'ath. This party's ascent to power in 1963 signaled the end of power for the landowning elite.
Political insurgency by Sunni Islamic groups, particularly the Muslim Brotherhood, occurred in the city, which was reputed as a stronghold of conservative Sunni Islam. As early as the spring of 1964, Hama became the epicenter of an uprising by conservative forces, encouraged by speeches from mosque preachers, denouncing the policies of the Ba'ath. The Syrian government sent tanks |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 42, "sc": 1762, "ep": 42, "ec": 2371} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 42 | 1,762 | 42 | 2,371 | Hama | Modern history | and troops into the quarters of Hama's old city to put down the insurrection.
In the early 1980s, Hama had emerged as a major source of opposition to the Ba'ath government during the Sunni armed Islamist uprising, which had begun in 1976. The city was a focal point for bloody events in the 1981 massacre and the most notable 1982 Hama massacre. The most serious insurrection of the Syrian Islamic uprising happened in Hama during February 1982, when Government forces, led by the president's brother, Rifaat al-Assad, quelled the revolt in Hama with very harsh means. Tanks and artillery shelled the |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 42, "sc": 2371, "ep": 46, "ec": 30} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 42 | 2,371 | 46 | 30 | Hama | Modern history & Demographics | neighbourhoods held by the insurgents indiscriminately, and government forces are alleged to have executed thousands of prisoners and civilian residents after subduing the revolt, which became known as the Hama massacre. The story is suppressed and regarded as highly sensitive in Syria. The Hama Massacre led to the military term "Hama Rules" meaning the complete large-scale destruction of a military objective or target. The city was the site of conflict between the Syrian military and opposition forces as one of the main arenas of the Syrian civil war during the 2011 siege of Hama. Demographics According to Josiah C. Russel, |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 46, "sc": 30, "ep": 46, "ec": 736} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 46 | 30 | 46 | 736 | Hama | Demographics | during the 12th century, Hama had a population of 6,750. James Reilly accounts the historical population as: 1812– 30,000 (Burckhardt) 1830– 20,000 (Robinson) 1839– 30–44,000 (Bowring) 1850– 30,000 (Porter) 1862– 10–12,000 (Guys) 1880– 27,656 (Parliamentary Papers) 1901– 60,000 (Parliamentary Papers) 1902–1907 80,000 (Trade Reports) 1906– 40,000 (al-Sabuni) 1909– 60,000 (Trade Reports)
In 1932, while Hama was under the French Mandate, there were approximately 50,000 residents. In the 1960 census, there were 110,000 inhabitants. The population continued to rise, reaching 180,000 in 1978 and 273,000 in 1994. The infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in the Hama Governorate was 99.4. A |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 46, "sc": 736, "ep": 48, "ec": 15} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 46 | 736 | 48 | 15 | Hama | Demographics & Ecclesiastical status | 2005 estimate had Hama's population at around 325,000 inhabitants.
Most of the residents are Sunni Muslims (including mostly Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen), although some districts of the city are exclusively Christian. Hama is reputed to be the most conservative Sunni Muslim city in Syria since French Mandate times. During that period there was an old saying reflecting this characteristic: "In Damascus, it takes only three men to make a political demonstration, while in Hama it takes only three men to get the town to pray." The Christian population mostly adheres to the Greek Orthodox Church or the Syriac Orthodox Church. Ecclesiastical |
{"datasets_id": 2271, "wiki_id": "Q173545", "sp": 48, "sc": 14, "ep": 50, "ec": 594} | 2,271 | Q173545 | 48 | 14 | 50 | 594 | Hama | Ecclesiastical status | status The Greek Orthodox Church has a prelacy in Hama under the Patriarch of Antioch. Hama is still a Roman Catholic titular see (referred to as "Hamath" or Amath"), suffragan of Apamea. It is as "Epiphania" that it is best known in ecclesiastical documents. Lequien mentions nine Greek bishops of Epiphania. The first of them, whom he calls Mauritius, is the Manikeios whose signature appears in the First Council of Nicaea. Currently, it has two Catholic archbishops, a Greek Melkite and a Syrian, the former residing at Labroud, the latter at Homs, reuniting the titles of Homs (Emesus) and Hamah. |
{"datasets_id": 2272, "wiki_id": "Q837187", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 594} | 2,272 | Q837187 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 594 | Hamdanid dynasty | History | Hamdanid dynasty History The Hamdanid dynasty was founded by Hamdan ibn Hamdun (after whom it is named), when he was appointed governor of Mardin in SE Anatolia by the Abbasid Caliphs in 890.
His son Abdallah (904-929) was in turn appointed governor of Mosul in northern Iraq (906) and even governed Baghdad (914). His sons were installed as governors in Mosul and Aleppo.
The rule of Hassan Nasir al-Dawla (929-968), governor of Mosul and Diyar Bakr, was sufficiently tyrannical to cause him to be deposed by his own family.
His lineage still ruled in Mosul, a heavy defeat by the Buyids in 979 |
{"datasets_id": 2272, "wiki_id": "Q837187", "sp": 6, "sc": 594, "ep": 6, "ec": 1207} | 2,272 | Q837187 | 6 | 594 | 6 | 1,207 | Hamdanid dynasty | History | notwithstanding, until 990. After this, their area of control in northern Iraq was divided between the Uqaylids and the Marwanids.
Ali Sayf al-Dawla 'Sword of the State' ruled (945-967) northern Syria from Aleppo, and became the most important opponent of the Christian Byzantine Empire's re-expansion. His court was a centre of culture, thanks to its nurturing of Arabic literature, but it lost this status after the Byzantine conquest of Aleppo.
To stop the Byzantine advance, Aleppo was put under the suzerainty of the Fatimids in Egypt, but in 1003 the Fatimids deposed the Hamdanids anyway. |
{"datasets_id": 2273, "wiki_id": "Q16745153", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 379} | 2,273 | Q16745153 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 379 | Hamdi Akın | Early life & Professional life | Hamdi Akın Early life Hamdi Akin is the third child of Hasan and Hikmet Akın. He studied high school in Mustafa Kemal Lisesi in Ankara, Yenimahalle, and then mechanical engineering in Gazi University. Professional life Hamdi Akin got a start in business while he was in his third year of university and manufactured water storage, fuel storage and heating boiler in his father's workshop. Akin’s first commission was to manufacture the heating boiler of Ankara Emek Camii (Mosque). Later on, he opened up a shop for construction goods in Ankara, on Rüzgarlı Street. In 1976, he became a contractor |
{"datasets_id": 2273, "wiki_id": "Q16745153", "sp": 10, "sc": 379, "ep": 10, "ec": 1057} | 2,273 | Q16745153 | 10 | 379 | 10 | 1,057 | Hamdi Akın | Professional life | in the construction business and founded Akfen Holding. In the 1980s, he mainly dealt with infrastructure projects, besides hospitals and school buildings construction. In 1986, he developed his first public infrastructure investment project, the Antalya Airport Terminal Building, which came to life with the ‘Build – Operate – Transfer’ model. He also contracted the Kayseri Erkilet Airport, the Çarşamba Airport, the Isparta Airport, the General Directorate of State Airports Authority and Bursa Natural Gas.
In 1997, he founded “TAV Airports” with TEPE Group and VIE Group and won the İstanbul Atatürk Airport tender, which was constructed with the ‘Build – Operate |
{"datasets_id": 2273, "wiki_id": "Q16745153", "sp": 10, "sc": 1057, "ep": 10, "ec": 1682} | 2,273 | Q16745153 | 10 | 1,057 | 10 | 1,682 | Hamdi Akın | Professional life | – Transfer’ model. He gathered all the companies that mainly serve to design and develop real estate investment projects of airport, construction, port investment and management, as well as energy and other infrastructure investments, under a single Holding roof. He is the chairman of board of directors in Akfen Holding as well as TAV Airports Holding since 2005.
In 2005, Hamdi Akin went into a 50/50 partnership with one of the prominent port operators, PSA, and won the tender for privatization of Mersin Port’s 36 years of operational rights. In 2006, he founded Akfen Real Estate Investment Trust Inc. He made |
{"datasets_id": 2273, "wiki_id": "Q16745153", "sp": 10, "sc": 1682, "ep": 10, "ec": 2280} | 2,273 | Q16745153 | 10 | 1,682 | 10 | 2,280 | Hamdi Akın | Professional life | a deal with Accor S.A. to form a strategic partnership and build three and four starred city hotels. In 2007, he set Mersin International Port (MIP) into operation and became the chairman of the board of directors. Akfen won the operational rights to operate the vehicle inspection stations with TUV Sud AG and Dogus Automotive for 20 years, and sold its share to Bridge Point in 2009.
In 2005, he founded Akfen Su Inc. with the partnership of Kardan N.V. In 2011, he won the tender for the privatization of "İDO" (Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc.) with Tepe Construction, Souter Investments |
{"datasets_id": 2273, "wiki_id": "Q16745153", "sp": 10, "sc": 2280, "ep": 14, "ec": 461} | 2,273 | Q16745153 | 10 | 2,280 | 14 | 461 | Hamdi Akın | Professional life & Social Responsibilities | LLP and Sera Real Estate and Operations Inc. IN 2012, he sold 38% of his shares in TVA Airports to Aéroports de Paris for $847 million. Social Responsibilities Hamdi Akin founded TİKAV (Turkey Human Resources Foundation) in 1999 for the students of Fırat University, to provide the social education necessary for their personal development during their 4 years of university education. He is the honorary head of the Foundation. He is also one of the founders of the Contemporary Turkey Studies Chair at the London School of Economics.
In December 2015, following the Syrian civil war, Hamdi Akin opened his homes |
{"datasets_id": 2273, "wiki_id": "Q16745153", "sp": 14, "sc": 461, "ep": 18, "ec": 108} | 2,273 | Q16745153 | 14 | 461 | 18 | 108 | Hamdi Akın | Social Responsibilities & Private life | to Syrian refugees. Private life Hamdi Akin has two daughters and a son. Pelin Akin and Selim Akin are members of the board of Afken Holding. |
{"datasets_id": 2274, "wiki_id": "Q1573370", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 232} | 2,274 | Q1573370 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 232 | Hamid Akhavan | Education | Hamid Akhavan Education Akhavan holds Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) and a master's degree in the same fields from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). |
{"datasets_id": 2275, "wiki_id": "Q1573578", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 554} | 2,275 | Q1573578 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 554 | Hamit Şare | Hamit Şare Hamit Şare (born February 19, 1982 in Bursa, Turkey) is an Olympic alpine skier discipline.
Hamit began skiing at five years of age. He joined the Turkish national ski team already in 1993. He won seven national titles, represented Turkey 79 times, and finished in the top 50 in the 2005 World Championships. He is currently a student in the Faculty of Sports at the Uludağ University in Bursa.
From the quota given to Turkey by the Olympic Committee, he was selected to be sent to the 2006 Winter Olympics among his four other teammates. |
|
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 576} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 576 | Haml | History | Haml History Haml was originally introduced by Hampton Catlin with its initial release in 2006 and his work was taken ahead by a few other people. His motive was to make HTML simpler, cleaner and easier to use. Since 2006, it has been revised several times and newer versions were released. Until 2012 Natalie Weizenbaum was the primary maintainer of Haml, followed by Norman Clarke until 2015. Natalie worked on making Haml usable in Ruby applications, while the branding and design was done by Nick Walsh. Others who are currently in the maintenance team are Matt Wildig, Akira Matsuda, |
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 6, "sc": 576, "ep": 10, "ec": 578} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 6 | 576 | 10 | 578 | Haml | History & Version history | Tee Parham and Takashi Kokubun. Version history Version 2.2.0 was released in July 2009 with support for Ruby 1.9 and Rails 2.0 or above. Version 3.0.0 was released in May 2010, adding support for Rails 3 and some performance improvements. The fourth major version broke compatibility with previous versions, only supporting Rails 3 and Ruby 1.8.7 or above, and marked the switch to semantic versioning. Several amendments like increasing the performance, fixing a few warnings, compatibility with latest versions of Rails, fixes in the documentation and many more were made in the Haml 4 series. Version 5.0.0 was released in |
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 10, "sc": 578, "ep": 26, "ec": 22} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 10 | 578 | 26 | 22 | Haml | Version history & Features & Well-indented & Clear structure & Examples | April 2017. It supports Ruby 2.0.0 or above and drops compatibility with Rails 3. A 'trace' option, which helps users to perform tracing on Haml template, has been added. Features Four principles were involved in development of Haml. Well-indented Markup language with good indentation improves appearance, makes it easy to read for readers and also to determine where a given element starts and ends. Clear structure Markup language with a clear structure will help in code maintenance and logical understanding of final result. It is unclear whether Haml offers any differential advantage in this regard. Examples Haml markup is similar |
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 26, "sc": 22, "ep": 34, "ec": 299} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 26 | 22 | 34 | 299 | Haml | Examples & Haml as a command-line tool & Haml as a Ruby module | to CSS in syntax. For example, Haml has the same dot . representation for classes as CSS does, making it easy for developers to use this markup. Haml as a command-line tool The following are equivalent as HAML recognises CSS selectors:
%p{:class => "sample", :id => "welcome"} Hello, World!
%p.sample#welcome Hello, World!
These render to the following HTML code:
<p class="sample" id="welcome">Hello, World!</p> Haml as a Ruby module To use Haml independent of Rails and ActionView, install haml gem, include it in Gemfile and simply import [Usage: require 'haml'] it in Ruby script or invoke Ruby interpreter with -rubygems flag.
welcome = Haml::Engine.new("%p Hello, World!")welcome.render
Output:
<p>Hello, |
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 34, "sc": 299, "ep": 38, "ec": 569} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 34 | 299 | 38 | 569 | Haml | Haml as a Ruby module & Example with embedded Ruby code | World!</p>
Haml::Engine is a Haml class. Example with embedded Ruby code Note: This is a simple preview example and may not reflect the current version of the language.
!!!%html{ :xmlns => "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml", :lang => "en", "xml:lang" => "en"}
%head
%title BoBlog
%meta{"http-equiv" => "Content-Type", :content => "text/html; charset=utf-8"}
%link{"rel" => "stylesheet", "href" => "main.css", "type" => "text/css"}
%body
#header
%h1 BoBlog
%h2 Bob's Blog
#content
- @entries.each do |entry|
|
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 38, "sc": 569, "ep": 38, "ec": 1234} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 38 | 569 | 38 | 1,234 | Haml | Example with embedded Ruby code | .entry
%h3.title= entry.title
%p.date= entry.posted.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y")
%p.body= entry.body
#footer
%p
All content copyright © Bob
The above Haml would produce this XHTML:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head>
<title>BoBlog</title>
<meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-Type' />
<link href="/stylesheets/main.css" |
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 38, "sc": 1234, "ep": 38, "ec": 1764} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 38 | 1,234 | 38 | 1,764 | Haml | Example with embedded Ruby code | media="screen" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id='header'>
<h1>BoBlog</h1>
<h2>Bob's Blog</h2>
</div>
<div id='content'>
<div class='entry'>
<h3 class='title'>Halloween</h3>
<p class='date'>Tuesday, October 31, 2006</p>
<p class='body'>
Happy Halloween, glorious readers! I'm going to a party this evening... I'm very excited.
|
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 38, "sc": 1764, "ep": 38, "ec": 2191} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 38 | 1,764 | 38 | 2,191 | Haml | Example with embedded Ruby code | </p>
</div>
<div class='entry'>
<h3 class='title'>New Rails Templating Engine</h3>
<p class='date'>Friday, August 11, 2006</p>
<p class='body'>
There's a very cool new Templating Engine out for Ruby on Rails. It's called Haml.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id='footer'>
|
{"datasets_id": 2276, "wiki_id": "Q1573599", "sp": 38, "sc": 2191, "ep": 38, "ec": 2303} | 2,276 | Q1573599 | 38 | 2,191 | 38 | 2,303 | Haml | Example with embedded Ruby code | <p>
All content copyright © Bob
</p>
</div>
</body></html> |
{"datasets_id": 2277, "wiki_id": "Q64736331", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 111} | 2,277 | Q64736331 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 111 | Hamza Rafia | Professional career & International career | Hamza Rafia Professional career On 16 July 2019, Rafia joined Juventus II from the youth academy of Olympique Lyonnais. Rafia made his professional debut for Juventus II in a 2-0 Serie C loss to Novara on 26 August 2019. International career Rafia debuted for the Tunisia national football team in a 1-0 friendly win over Mauritania on 6 September 2019. |
{"datasets_id": 2278, "wiki_id": "Q10816019", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 574} | 2,278 | Q10816019 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 574 | Han Hee-jun | Early life | Han Hee-jun Early life Hee-jun Han was born on April 20, 1989, to Jae Chun and Sun Ae Han, in Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea. He has an older brother name HeeSeung Han (Aiden). Hee-jun and his family migrated to Flushing, New York, when he was 12 years old. He attended Francis Lewis High School.
Before he auditioned for American Idol, he was a non-profit organizer from Milal Mission in New York, a faith-based non-profit in Flushing, working with children with special needs. He has spoken of suffering from emotional depression and credited the children that he worked with for helping |
{"datasets_id": 2278, "wiki_id": "Q10816019", "sp": 6, "sc": 574, "ep": 10, "ec": 462} | 2,278 | Q10816019 | 6 | 574 | 10 | 462 | Han Hee-jun | Early life & Post-Idol | him to recover from his illness. He has also said that the children motivated him to audition for American Idol. Post-Idol After Idol, Han was on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Live! with Kelly and The Wendy Williams Show for interviews and performances with other contestants. In April 2012, he performed live on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles. He later went on to sing "God Bless America" at a New York Mets game. In May 2012 he performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the Asian Pacific American Institute for Congressional Studies Awards Gala.
Han took part in the American Idols |
{"datasets_id": 2278, "wiki_id": "Q10816019", "sp": 10, "sc": 462, "ep": 10, "ec": 1051} | 2,278 | Q10816019 | 10 | 462 | 10 | 1,051 | Han Hee-jun | Post-Idol | LIVE! Tour 2012, which began July 6, 2012 and ran till September 21, 2012. He was featured and was on the cover of the July 2012 issue of Mom and I Family Magazine, a magazine for Korean-American families.
In August 2012, Colton Dixon and Han appeared on The 700 Club and Soulcheck TV, during which they both were interviewed about their Christian faith.
Han performed and appeared as a judge in a K-pop competition at New York University's Skirball Center for the Performing Arts in September 2012. In September 2012, he performed as the opening act for Kim Kyung Ho The |
{"datasets_id": 2278, "wiki_id": "Q10816019", "sp": 10, "sc": 1051, "ep": 10, "ec": 1652} | 2,278 | Q10816019 | 10 | 1,051 | 10 | 1,652 | Han Hee-jun | Post-Idol | concert was at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles.
Later that fall, Han performed at the New Jersey Korean Thanksgiving Festival, and sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" prior to a New York Mets game. In November 2012, he served as a guest judge for the Kollaboration finale in Glendale, California. Han's debut single, "Bring the Love Back", featuring rapper Pusha T, was released on September 17, 2013.
In 2013, he tried out for the third season of K-pop Star and passed the audition. He reached the Top 6 of K-pop Star 3. Since then he has concentrated on his K-pop career and released |
{"datasets_id": 2278, "wiki_id": "Q10816019", "sp": 10, "sc": 1652, "ep": 10, "ec": 1781} | 2,278 | Q10816019 | 10 | 1,652 | 10 | 1,781 | Han Hee-jun | Post-Idol | the single "Q&A" feat. Tiffany from Girls' Generation.
In 2018, he replaces Jae of Day6 as co-host of After School Club. |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 575} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 575 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot | Hand in Hand (film) Plot Michael O'Malley (Needs), rushes to his priest to tearfully inform him that he has accidentally killed his closest friend, Rachel Mathias (Parry). The story is told in flashback as Michael recounts their friendship, when he first befriended Rachel by hurrying her away from a group of schoolboys who were verbally bullying her on the playground. They quickly become the best of friends. The young children decide to become "blood brothers" by pricking their fingers and rubbing the blood together. They set off for an adventure, hoping to go to London to visit the queen, but |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 6, "sc": 575, "ep": 6, "ec": 1182} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 6 | 575 | 6 | 1,182 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot | instead are picked up by a kindly elderly lady (Sybil Thorndike) who takes them to her home for tea, pretending that she is a princess and that her mansion is one of the queen's homes, but that the queen is currently away. Her amiable deception goes over perfectly, and the children have a great time visiting with her.
Michael and Rachel are aware that they go to church on different days and their religions are somewhat different, but they do not ponder the specifics. However, when a somewhat overbearing and destructively-outspoken classmate informs Michael that Rachel is Jewish and that "the |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 6, "sc": 1182, "ep": 6, "ec": 1729} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 6 | 1,182 | 6 | 1,729 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot | Jews killed Christ", an outraged Michael rushes to Rachel at their clubhouse and angrily confronts her, "Why did you kill Christ?" Rachel is shocked and insistently denies it: "I didn't kill him. I don't even know him." Michael and Rachel conclude that God is angry at them for becoming friends, but they are not sure if He will forgive them. They decide to attend church with each other to see if God is mad at them, believing they will die if He does not want them to go to each other's church. Michael sneaks into the synagogue with Rachel the |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 6, "sc": 1729, "ep": 6, "ec": 2301} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 6 | 1,729 | 6 | 2,301 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot | next Saturday and is somewhat puzzled and intimidated by the ceremony, but he stays and seems to like it as time goes on, especially after a kindly rabbi shows him a passage in the Torah that speaks of God's love shielding him from all fear. The next day, Rachel goes with Michael to his church, and while Rachel is initially somewhat unnerved by the services and statues, she too feels more comfortable after a while.
Having concluded it is acceptable to God that they remain friends, Michael and Rachel decide to take an inflatable raft on the River Thames for |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 6, "sc": 2301, "ep": 6, "ec": 2891} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 6 | 2,301 | 6 | 2,891 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot | their next adventure, a trip to Africa. All goes well at first as Michael paddles and the raft drifts leisurely and makes smooth ripples on the calm water, but then the raft enters a dangerous area of the river with a swifter flow and strong rapids; Michael loses control, and Rachel is knocked overboard. Due to the stronger current and the riverbank's dense underbrush in which Rachel has become entangled, Michael has great difficulty reaching her, but at last pulls her out of the river; however, she is limp and unresponsive. Fearing the worst, Michael frantically rushes to get help, |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 6, "sc": 2891, "ep": 6, "ec": 3449} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 6 | 2,891 | 6 | 3,449 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot | and adults in the area call for an ambulance. The film then returns to the present moment, with Michael in his grief-stricken state, and telling the priest that he's killed Rachel. The priest comforts him and tells him that Rachel may be all right, and then accompanies him to Rachel's home to see how she is. They are met at the front door by Rachel's rabbi who is leaving, and he informs them that Rachel has pulled through and is recovering well, but that perhaps it would be better to wait till tomorrow to visit her. Michael, immensely relieved, rushes |
{"datasets_id": 2279, "wiki_id": "Q12124687", "sp": 6, "sc": 3449, "ep": 10, "ec": 124} | 2,279 | Q12124687 | 6 | 3,449 | 10 | 124 | Hand in Hand (film) | Plot & DVD | home happy that his little friend is alive, and the priest and the rabbi, who have, earlier in the film been established as being good friends --- acknowledging that their respective religions hold more in common than they may have realized before --- speak warmly to each other before walking away in different directions. DVD The film was released on DVD in the US for the first time on October 5th, 2010, followed by a UK release on July 28th, 2014. |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 589} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 589 | Handley Page Hermes | Design and development | Handley Page Hermes Design and development The Hermes was built to meet the 1944 Air Ministry specification for a pressurised civil transport capable of carrying 34 first-class or 50 tourist-class passengers, at the same time as the RAF required a new transport to replace its Handley Page Halifax, for which Handley Page designed the very similar Handley Page Hastings. Unlike the tailwheel Hastings, the Hermes was planned to have a nosewheel undercarriage, although the first two prototypes used a tailwheel undercarriage, of which the first was an unpressurised "bare shell" and the second to be pressurised and fully equipped. |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 6, "sc": 589, "ep": 6, "ec": 1205} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 6 | 589 | 6 | 1,205 | Handley Page Hermes | Design and development | It was intended to introduce the Hermes before the Hastings, but production was delayed after the first prototype (HP 68 Hermes 1), registered G-AGSS crashed on its maiden flight shortly after takeoff on 2 December 1945. Handley Page's chief test pilot and the chief test observer were both killed. Development of the civil Hermes was delayed to resolve the instability that caused the accident to the first prototype, and the chance was taken to lengthen the second prototype, producing the HP 74 Hermes II (G-AGUB), first flying on 2 September 1947.
Meanwhile, orders were placed on 4 February 1947 for 25 |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 6, "sc": 1205, "ep": 10, "ec": 385} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 6 | 1,205 | 10 | 385 | Handley Page Hermes | Design and development & Airline operations | of the definitive HP 81 Hermes IV, fitted with a tricycle undercarriage and powered by 2,100 hp (1,570 kW) Bristol Hercules 763 engines, for BOAC and two HP Hermes V, powered by the Bristol Theseus turboprop engines. Airline operations While the first Hermes IV (registered G-AKFP) flew on 5 September 1948, and production built up quickly, the early aircraft were overweight, partly due to the use of Hastings components, and were initially rejected by BOAC.
The Hermes IV finally entered service with BOAC on 6 August 1950, taking over from the Avro York on the West Africa service from London Heathrow to Accra |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 10, "sc": 385, "ep": 10, "ec": 1005} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 10 | 385 | 10 | 1,005 | Handley Page Hermes | Airline operations | via Tripoli, Kano and Lagos, with services to Kenya and South Africa commencing before the end of the year. The Hermes IV was used by BOAC on routes to West and South Africa. They were quickly replaced, however by the reliable Canadair Argonaut in 1952, although some re-entered service in July 1954 following the grounding of the de Havilland Comet, being retired again in December.
This was not the end of the Hermes in airline service, however, as surplus aircraft were sold to independent charter airlines, with Airwork purchasing four in 1952, others being operated by Britavia and Skyways, particularly in |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 10, "sc": 1005, "ep": 14, "ec": 142} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 10 | 1,005 | 14 | 142 | Handley Page Hermes | Airline operations & Development aircraft | the trooping role. Many of these aircraft were fitted with Hercules 773 engines which could run on lower octane fuel than the original Hercules 763s, being designated as Hermes IVA, returning to Hermes IV standards when fuel supplies improved.
Later, the Hermes were flown on inclusive tour holiday flights from the UK. The last Hermes, G-ALDA, flown by Air Links Limited, was retired on 13 December 1964, and was scrapped nine days later. Development aircraft The two turboprop Hermes V were owned by the Ministry of Supply and made their first flights in August 1949. They were used for development of |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 14, "sc": 142, "ep": 14, "ec": 786} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 14 | 142 | 14 | 786 | Handley Page Hermes | Development aircraft | the Bristol Theseus turboprop engine. The first was lost in a wheels-up landing at Chilbolton airfield on 10 April 1951, but the second continued development flying with the A&AEE at Boscombe Down and the RAE at Farnborough until retirement in September 1953.
The prototype Hermes II was given military markings in October 1953 as VX234 and was used for various research and development programmes, including the testing of airborne radar for the Royal Radar Establishment at RAF Defford, Worcestershire, being finally retired in 1969, the last of the Hermes.
The fuselage of a Hermes IV (the former BOAC aircraft G-ALDG named |
{"datasets_id": 2280, "wiki_id": "Q753807", "sp": 14, "sc": 786, "ep": 14, "ec": 842} | 2,280 | Q753807 | 14 | 786 | 14 | 842 | Handley Page Hermes | Development aircraft | Horsa) is preserved at the Imperial War Museum Duxford. |
{"datasets_id": 2281, "wiki_id": "Q5647514", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 593} | 2,281 | Q5647514 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 593 | Handley Page Type A | Development | Handley Page Type A Development Following success in 1909 with an experimental glider Handley Page designed and built a single-seat monoplane. It was of wood construction with a tailskid landing gear, powered by a 20 hp (15 kW) Advance V-4 air-cooled engine . It used a wing with a shape patented by José Weiss which was claimed to provide automatic lateral stability, so there were no ailerons or wing warping mechanisms. Weiss was also responsible for the design of its tractor propeller. The wings, fuselage and tail surfaces were covered with a blue-grey rubberised fabric, hence the nickname Bluebird. After the aircraft |
{"datasets_id": 2281, "wiki_id": "Q5647514", "sp": 6, "sc": 593, "ep": 6, "ec": 1167} | 2,281 | Q5647514 | 6 | 593 | 6 | 1,167 | Handley Page Type A | Development | had been displayed at the second Olympia Aero Exhibition, Handley Page successfully made a few straight hops in the Bluebird on 26 May 1910, but crashed at the first attempt to make a turn. Handley Page improved the design to include lateral control via wing warping and fitted a 25 hp (18.6 kW) Alvaston water-cooled flat-twin engine. The rebuilt aircraft was designated Handley Page Type C but it refused to fly. Although work was completed on modifying the aircraft to take a 50 hp (37 kW) Isaacson radial engine it was abandoned in late 1910. It ended its life as an |
{"datasets_id": 2281, "wiki_id": "Q5647514", "sp": 6, "sc": 1167, "ep": 6, "ec": 1401} | 2,281 | Q5647514 | 6 | 1,167 | 6 | 1,401 | Handley Page Type A | Development | instructional airframe at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute in Clerkenwell, where Handley Page was a lecturer.
In 1924 the company retrospectively applied model numbers, the Type A became the HP.1 and the Type C the HP.3. |
{"datasets_id": 2282, "wiki_id": "Q5647715", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 222} | 2,282 | Q5647715 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 222 | Handy Bus | History of the handy bus | Handy Bus History of the handy bus The first Blue Bird Micro Bird bus was launched in 1966 by Blue Bird Midwest Corporation. The Micro Bird is aimed at small children transporting to daycare and some schools. The Micro Bird comes with a Ford or GMC chassis. |
{"datasets_id": 2283, "wiki_id": "Q5647891", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 565} | 2,283 | Q5647891 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 565 | Hangar 13 (company) | History | Hangar 13 (company) History On December 4, 2014, 2K announced that they had set up a new game studio, Hangar 13, led by industry veteran Haden Blackman, formerly creative director for LucasArts. Blackman told GamesBeat that the studio would work on a game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Mafia III, the studio's debut title, was announced in August 2015. 2K Czech, the developer of previous entries in the series, had a supporting role in the game's development. Mafia III was released on October 7, 2016, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In 2017, 2K Czech |
{"datasets_id": 2283, "wiki_id": "Q5647891", "sp": 6, "sc": 565, "ep": 6, "ec": 1198} | 2,283 | Q5647891 | 6 | 565 | 6 | 1,198 | Hangar 13 (company) | History | was merged into Hangar 13.
In February 2018, 2K announced that Hangar 13 had been hit with sizable layoffs, though not disclosing concrete numbers. At the time, Hangar 13 was brainstorming ideas from their next game, one potential idea included a "fight to music" system though which the player's movement would create songs, similar to Harmonix's cancelled game Chroma. In May 2018, Hangar 13 received an additional studio Brighton, England, headed by Nick Baynes. In July 2018, the studio that it was working on a new intellectual property. The studio also collaborated with Gearbox Software to developed a free update for |
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